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Qiu WL, Chao CH, Lu MK. Anti-inflammatory and anti-lung cancer activities of low-molecular-weight and high-sulfate-content sulfated polysaccharides extracted from the edible fungus Poria cocos. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135483. [PMID: 39260636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Sulfated polysaccharides (SPSs) have excellent physicochemical properties, attracting research interest in the pharmaceutical industry. A previous study extracted SPS (named Suc40) from the edible fungus, Poria cocos and demonstrated that it exhibited anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. In this study, three fractions of Suc40, Suc40 F1, Suc40 F2, and Suc40 F3, with different molecular weights and sulfate contents were prepared through gel-filtration column chromatography. The molecular weights of F1, F2, and F3 were approximately 616.23, 82.57, and 6.21 kDa, respectively, and their sulfate content were 0.23, 1.65, and 1.90 mmol/g, respectively. The fractions' anti-inflammatory activities were determined by assessing their ability to suppress inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Suc40 F2 and Suc40 F3 suppressed interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production by 60 % and 35 %, respectively. Suc40 F2 and Suc40 F3 suppressed protein kinase B (AKT)/p38 and p38 signaling, which resulted in anti-inflammatory effects. The fractions' anti-lung cancer activity was evaluated by assessing their H1975 cell proliferation inhibition. Suc40 F3 at a concentration of 800 μg/ml exhibited maximal cell proliferation inhibition. The low molecular weight and high sulfate content of Suc40 F3 were associated with its enhanced anti-inflammatory and anti-lung cancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lun Qiu
- School of Chinese Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Traditional Chinese Medicine Glycomics Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsein Chao
- School of Chinese Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Kuang Lu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 155-1 Li-Nung St., Sec. 2, Shipai, Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, 252 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Traditional Chinese Medicine Glycomics Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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2
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Yang CW, Hsu HY, Lee YZ, Jan JT, Chang SY, Lin YL, Yang RB, Chao TL, Liang JJ, Lin SJ, Liao CC, Chang CS, Sytwu HK, Hung MS, Chen CT, Lee SJ. Natural fucoidans inhibit coronaviruses by targeting viral spike protein and host cell furin. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 215:115688. [PMID: 37481137 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Fucoidans are a class of long chain sulfated polysaccharides and have multiple biological functions. Herein, four natural fucoidans extracted from Fucus vesiculosus, F. serratus, Laminaria japonica and Undaria pinnatifida, were tested for their HCoV-OC43 inhibition and found to demonstrate EC50 values ranging from 0.15 to 0.61 µg/mL. That from U. pinnatifida exhibited the most potent anti-HCoV-OC43 activity with an EC50 value of 0.15 ± 0.02 µg/mL, a potency largely independent of its sulfate content. Comparison of the gene expression profiles of fucoidan-treated and untreated cells infected with HCoV-OC43 revealed that fucoidan treatment effectively diminished HCoV-OC43 gene expressions associated with induced chemokines, cytokines and viral activities. Further studies using a highly fucoidan-resistant HCoV-OC43 determined that fucoidan inhibited HCoV-OC43 infection via interfering with viral entry and led to the identification of the specific site on the N-terminal region of spike protein, that located adjacent to the host cell receptor binding domain, targeted by the virus. Furthermore, in a SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus neutralization assay, fucoidan also blocked SARS-CoV-2 entry. In vitro and in vivo, fucoidan decreased SARS-CoV-2 viral loads and inhibited viral infection in Calu-3 or Vero E6 cells and SARS-CoV-2 infected hamsters, respectively. Fucoidan was also found to inhibit furin activity, and reported furin inhibitors were found to inhibit viral infection by wild type HCoV-OC43 or SARS-CoV-2. Accordingly, we conclude that fucoidans inhibit coronaviral infection by targeting viral spike protein and host cell furin to interfere with viral entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsing-Yu Hsu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yue-Zhi Lee
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sui-Yuan Chang
- Institute of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ruey-Bing Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tai-Ling Chao
- Institute of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jian-Jong Liang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shu-Jing Lin
- Institute of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Che Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Shin Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Huey-Kang Sytwu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Shiu Hung
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chiung-Tong Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shiow-Ju Lee
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC.
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3
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Socol DC. Clinical review of humic acid as an antiviral: Leadup to translational applications in clinical humeomics. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1018904. [PMID: 36712657 PMCID: PMC9875298 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1018904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This clinical review presents what is known about the antiviral features of humic substances (HS) to the benefit of the clinical healthcare provider using available data in humeomics, the study of the soil humeome. It provides the reader with a working framework of historical studies and includes clinically relevant data with the goal of providing a broad appreciation of the antiviral potential of humic substances while also preparing for a translational leap into the clinical application of humic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Socol
- Advanced Humeomics LLC, Beverly Hills, CA, United States
- SocolMD, Beverly Hills, CA, United States
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4
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de la Mata FJ, Gómez R, Cano J, Sánchez‐Nieves J, Ortega P, Gallego SG. Carbosilane dendritic nanostructures, highly versatile platforms for pharmaceutical applications. WIRES NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 15:e1871. [PMID: 36417901 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dendrimers are multifunctional molecules with well-defined size and structure due to the step-by-step synthetic procedures required in their preparation. Dendritic constructs based on carbosilane scaffolds present carbon-carbon and carbon-silicon bonds, which results in stable, lipophilic, inert, and flexible structures. These properties are highly appreciated in different areas, including the pharmaceutical field, as they can increase the interaction with cell membranes and improve the therapeutic action. This article summarizes the most recent advances in the pharmaceutical applications of carbosilane dendritic molecules, from therapeutics to diagnostics and prevention tools. Dendrimers decorated with cationic, anionic, or other moieties, including metallodendrimers; supramolecular assemblies; dendronized nanoparticles and surfaces; as well as dendritic networks like hydrogels are described. The collected examples confirm the potential of carbosilane dendrimers and dendritic materials as antiviral or antibacterial agents; in therapy against cancer, neurodegenerative disease, or oxidative stress; or many other biomedical applications. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier de la Mata
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcala Alcalá de Henares Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS) Madrid Spain
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcala Alcalá de Henares Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS) Madrid Spain
| | - Jesús Cano
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcala Alcalá de Henares Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS) Madrid Spain
| | - Javier Sánchez‐Nieves
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcala Alcalá de Henares Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS) Madrid Spain
| | - Paula Ortega
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcala Alcalá de Henares Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS) Madrid Spain
| | - Sandra García Gallego
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcala Alcalá de Henares Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS) Madrid Spain
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5
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Issmail L, Möser C, Jäger C, Altattan B, Ramsbeck D, Kleinschmidt M, Buchholz M, Smith D, Grunwald T. Prefusion-specific antibody-derived peptides trivalently presented on DNA-nanoscaffolds as an innovative strategy against RSV entry. FRONTIERS IN VIROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fviro.2022.994843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the primary cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections in children and the elderly worldwide, for which neither a vaccine nor an effective therapy is approved. The entry of RSV into the host cell is mediated by stepwise structural changes in the surface RSV fusion (RSV-F) glycoprotein. Recent progress in structural and functional studies of RSV-F glycoprotein revealed conformation-dependent neutralizing epitopes which have become attractive targets for vaccine and therapeutic development. As RSV-F is present on viral surface in a trimeric form, a trivalent binding interaction between a candidate fusion inhibitor and the respective epitopes on each of the three monomers is expected to prevent viral infection at higher potency than a monovalent or bivalent inhibitor. Here we demonstrate a novel RSV entry inhibitory approach by implementing a trimeric DNA nanostructure as a template to display up to three linear peptide moieties that simultaneously target an epitope on the surface of the prefusion RSV-F protein. In order to design synthetic binding peptides that can be coupled to the DNA nanostructure, the prefusion RSV-F-specific monoclonal antibody (D25) was selected. Complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) derived peptides underwent truncation and alanine-scanning mutagenesis analysis, followed by systematic sequence modifications using non-canonical amino acids. The most effective peptide candidate was used as a binding moiety to functionalize the DNA nanostructure. The designed DNA-peptide construct was able to block RSV infection on cells more efficiently than the monomeric peptides, however a more moderate reduction of viral load was observed in the lungs of infected mice upon intranasal application, likely due to dissociation or absorption of the underlying DNA structure by cells in the lungs. Taken together, our results point towards the inhibitory potential of a novel trimeric DNA-peptide based approach against RSV and open the possibility to apply this platform to target other viral infections.
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Hoffmann M, Snyder NL, Hartmann L. Polymers Inspired by Heparin and Heparan Sulfate for Viral Targeting. Macromolecules 2022; 55:7957-7973. [PMID: 36186574 PMCID: PMC9520969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Hoffmann
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nicole L. Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, Davidson College, Davidson, North Carolina 28035, United States
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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7
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Zhou M, Abid M, Cao S, Zhu S. Progress of Research into Novel Drugs and Potential Drug Targets against Porcine Pseudorabies Virus. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081753. [PMID: 36016377 PMCID: PMC9416328 DOI: 10.3390/v14081753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is the causative agent of pseudorabies (PR), infecting most mammals and some birds. It has been prevalent around the world and caused huge economic losses to the swine industry since its discovery. At present, the prevention of PRV is mainly through vaccination; there are few specific antivirals against PRV, but it is possible to treat PRV infection effectively with drugs. In recent years, some drugs have been reported to treat PR; however, the variety of anti-pseudorabies drugs is limited, and the underlying mechanism of the antiviral effect of some drugs is unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to explore new drug targets for PRV and develop economic and efficient drug resources for prevention and control of PRV. This review will focus on the research progress in drugs and drug targets against PRV in recent years, and discuss the future research prospects of anti-PRV drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225306, China
| | - Muhammad Abid
- Viral Oncogenesis Group, The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Shinuo Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225306, China
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shanyuan Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225306, China
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (S.Z.)
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8
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Iqbal MW, Riaz T, Mahmood S, Bilal M, Manzoor MF, Qamar SA, Qi X. Fucoidan-based nanomaterial and its multifunctional role for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:354-380. [PMID: 35930305 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2106182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Fucoidans are promising sulfated polysaccharides isolated from marine sources that have piqued the interest of scientists in recent years due to their widespread use as a bioactive substance. Bioactive coatings and films, unsurprisingly, have seized these substances to create novel, culinary, therapeutic, and diagnostic bioactive nanomaterials. The applications of fucoidan and its composite nanomaterials have a wide variety of food as well as pharmacological properties, including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-thrombic, anti-coagulant, immunoregulatory, and anti-viral properties. Blends of fucoidan with other biopolymers such as chitosan, alginate, curdlan, starch, etc., have shown promising coating and film-forming capabilities. A blending of biopolymers is a recommended approach to improve their anticipated properties. This review focuses on the fundamental knowledge and current development of fucoidan, fucoidan-based composite material for bioactive coatings and films, and their biological properties. In this article, fucoidan-based edible bioactive coatings and films expressed excellent mechanical strength that can prolong the shelf-life of food products and maintain their biodegradability. Additionally, these coatings and films showed numerous applications in the biomedical field and contribute to the economy. We hope this review can deliver the theoretical basis for the development of fucoidan-based bioactive material and films.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tahreem Riaz
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shahid Mahmood
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | | | - Sarmad Ahmad Qamar
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xianghui Qi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Heidari S, Akhlaghi M, Sadeghi M, Kheirabadi AM, Beiki D, Ardekani AE, Rouhollah A, Saeidzadeh P, Soleyman R. Development of 64Cu-DOX/DOX-loaded chitosan-BSA multilayered hollow microcapsules for selective lung drug delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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10
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Bello-Morales R, Andreu S, Ruiz-Carpio V, Ripa I, López-Guerrero JA. Extracellular Polymeric Substances: Still Promising Antivirals. Viruses 2022; 14:1337. [PMID: 35746808 PMCID: PMC9227104 DOI: 10.3390/v14061337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfated polysaccharides and other polyanions have been promising candidates in antiviral research for decades. These substances gained attention as antivirals when they demonstrated a high inhibitory effect in vitro against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other enveloped viruses. However, that initial interest was followed by wide skepticism when in vivo assays refuted the initial results. In this paper we review the use of sulfated polysaccharides, and other polyanions, in antiviral therapy, focusing on extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs). We maintain that, in spite of those early difficulties, the use of polyanions and, specifically, the use of EPSs, in antiviral therapy should be reconsidered. We base our claim in several points. First, early studies showed that the main disadvantage of sulfated polysaccharides and polyanions is their low bioavailability, but this difficulty can be overcome by the use of adequate administration strategies, such as nebulization of aerosols to gain access to respiratory airways. Second, several sulfated polysaccharides and EPSs have demonstrated to be non-toxic in animals. Finally, these macromolecules are non-specific and therefore they might be used against different variants or even different viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Bello-Morales
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Edificio de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 2, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (S.A.); (V.R.-C.); (I.R.); (J.A.L.-G.)
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sabina Andreu
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Edificio de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 2, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (S.A.); (V.R.-C.); (I.R.); (J.A.L.-G.)
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Ruiz-Carpio
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Edificio de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 2, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (S.A.); (V.R.-C.); (I.R.); (J.A.L.-G.)
| | - Inés Ripa
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Edificio de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 2, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (S.A.); (V.R.-C.); (I.R.); (J.A.L.-G.)
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio López-Guerrero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Edificio de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 2, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (S.A.); (V.R.-C.); (I.R.); (J.A.L.-G.)
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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11
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Claus-Desbonnet H, Nikly E, Nalbantova V, Karcheva-Bahchevanska D, Ivanova S, Pierre G, Benbassat N, Katsarov P, Michaud P, Lukova P, Delattre C. Polysaccharides and Their Derivatives as Potential Antiviral Molecules. Viruses 2022; 14:426. [PMID: 35216019 PMCID: PMC8879384 DOI: 10.3390/v14020426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current context of the COVID-19 pandemic, it appears that our scientific resources and the medical community are not sufficiently developed to combat rapid viral spread all over the world. A number of viruses causing epidemics have already disseminated across the world in the last few years, such as the dengue or chinkungunya virus, the Ebola virus, and other coronavirus families such as Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV). The outbreaks of these infectious diseases have demonstrated the difficulty of treating an epidemic before the creation of vaccine. Different antiviral drugs already exist. However, several of them cause side effects or have lost their efficiency because of virus mutations. It is essential to develop new antiviral strategies, but ones that rely on more natural compounds to decrease the secondary effects. Polysaccharides, which have come to be known in recent years for their medicinal properties, including antiviral activities, are an excellent alternative. They are essential for the metabolism of plants, microorganisms, and animals, and are directly extractible. Polysaccharides have attracted more and more attention due to their therapeutic properties, low toxicity, and availability, and seem to be attractive candidates as antiviral drugs of tomorrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadrien Claus-Desbonnet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (H.C.-D.); (E.N.); (G.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Elsa Nikly
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (H.C.-D.); (E.N.); (G.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Vanya Nalbantova
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.N.); (D.K.-B.); (N.B.); (P.L.)
| | - Diana Karcheva-Bahchevanska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.N.); (D.K.-B.); (N.B.); (P.L.)
| | - Stanislava Ivanova
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.N.); (D.K.-B.); (N.B.); (P.L.)
| | - Guillaume Pierre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (H.C.-D.); (E.N.); (G.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Niko Benbassat
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.N.); (D.K.-B.); (N.B.); (P.L.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Plamen Katsarov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (H.C.-D.); (E.N.); (G.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Paolina Lukova
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.N.); (D.K.-B.); (N.B.); (P.L.)
| | - Cédric Delattre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (H.C.-D.); (E.N.); (G.P.); (P.M.)
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 Rue Descartes, 75005 Paris, France
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12
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Müller WEG, Wang X, Neufurth M, Schröder HC. Polyphosphate in Antiviral Protection: A Polyanionic Inorganic Polymer in the Fight Against Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Infection. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 61:145-189. [PMID: 35697940 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-01237-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polyanions as polymers carrying multiple negative charges have been extensively studied with regard to their potential antiviral activity. Most studies to date focused on organic polyanionic polymers, both natural and synthetic. The inorganic polymer, polyphosphate (polyP), despite the ubiquitous presence of this molecule from bacteria to man, has attracted much less attention. More recently, and accelerated by the search for potential antiviral agents in the fight against the pandemic caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, it turned out that polyP disrupts the first step of the viral replication cycle, the interaction of the proteins in the virus envelope and in the cell membrane that are involved in the docking process of the virus with the target host cell. Experiments on a molecular level using the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the cellular angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor revealed that polyP strongly inhibits the binding reaction through an electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged centers of the polyP molecule and a cationic groove, which is formed by positively charged amino acids on the RBD surface. In addition, it was found that polyP, due to its morphogenetic and energy delivering activities, enhances the antiviral host innate immunity defense of the respiratory epithelium. The underlying mechanisms and envisaged application of polyP in the therapy and prevention of COVID-19 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner E G Müller
- ERC Advanced Investigator Group, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- ERC Advanced Investigator Group, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Meik Neufurth
- ERC Advanced Investigator Group, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heinz C Schröder
- ERC Advanced Investigator Group, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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13
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Roy S, Sarkhel S, Bisht D, Hanumantharao SN, Rao S, Jaiswal A. Antimicrobial Mechanisms of Biomaterials: From Macro to Nano. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:4392-4423. [DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00472k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Overcoming the global concern of antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest challenge faced by scientists today and the key to tackle this issue of emerging infectious diseases is the...
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14
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Köhler J, Thoma A, Braun S, Pich A, Herrmann A. Bedeutung von Makromolekülen im Kampf gegen das Coronavirus. CHEM UNSERER ZEIT 2021. [PMCID: PMC8426811 DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.202100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susanne Braun
- DWI – Leibniz‐Institut für Interaktive Materialien Forckenbeckstr. 50 52056 Aachen
| | | | - Andreas Herrmann
- DWI – Leibniz‐Institut für Interaktive Materialien Forckenbeckstr. 50 52056 Aachen
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie RWTH Aachen Worringerweg 2 52074 Aachen
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15
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Kuroki A, Tay J, Lee GH, Yang YY. Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Peptides and Polymers. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2101113. [PMID: 34599850 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As the human cost of the pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still being witnessed worldwide, the development of broad-spectrum antiviral agents against emerging and re-emerging viruses is seen as a necessity to hamper the spread of infections. Various targets during the viral life-cycle can be considered to inhibit viral infection, from viral attachment to viral fusion or replication. Macromolecules represent a particularly attractive class of therapeutics due to their multivalency and versatility. Although several antiviral macromolecules hold great promise in clinical applications, the emergence of resistance after prolonged exposure urges the need for improved solutions. In the present article, the recent advancement in the discovery of antiviral peptides and polymers with diverse structural features and antiviral mechanisms is reviewed. Future perspectives, such as, the development of virucidal peptides/polymers and their coatings against SARS-CoV-2 infection, standardization of antiviral testing protocols, and use of artificial intelligence or machine learning as a tool to accelerate the discovery of antiviral macromolecules, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Kuroki
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore 117597 Singapore
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging 31 Biopolis Ways, The Nanos Singapore 138669 Singapore
| | - Joyce Tay
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging 31 Biopolis Ways, The Nanos Singapore 138669 Singapore
| | - Guan Huei Lee
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore 117597 Singapore
| | - Yi Yan Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging 31 Biopolis Ways, The Nanos Singapore 138669 Singapore
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16
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Salamończyk GM. A Fast and Convenient Synthesis of New Water-Soluble, Polyanionic Dendrimers. Molecules 2021; 26:4754. [PMID: 34443342 PMCID: PMC8399870 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reasonably simple, efficient, and possessing aspects of generality, the methodology for the synthesis of new, water-soluble, dendrimeric polyesters with great potential applications as antiviral drugs in their own right is described. The essential aspect of the presented approach is a quite unique, immediate access to the polyanionic material at each generation during divergent synthesis. Six target polyanionic dendrimers (generations 1, 2, and 3) have been synthesized. The key monomers applied in this project were 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid derivatives, which also worked as direct precursors of the charged dendrimer surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz M Salamończyk
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, The Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
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17
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Carbone DA, Pellone P, Lubritto C, Ciniglia C. Evaluation of Microalgae Antiviral Activity and Their Bioactive Compounds. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:746. [PMID: 34202941 PMCID: PMC8234452 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last year, science has been focusing on the research of antivirally active compounds overall after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, which caused a great amount of deaths and the downfall of the economy in 2020. Photosynthetic organisms such as microalgae are known to be a reservoir of bioactive secondary metabolites; this feature, coupled with the possibility of achieving very high biomass levels without excessive energetic expenses, make microalgae worthy of attention in the search for new molecules with antiviral effects. In this work, the antiviral effects of microalgae against some common human or animal viruses were considered, focusing our attention on some possible effects against SARS-CoV-2. We summed up the data from the literature on microalgae antiviral compounds, from the most common ones, such as lectins, polysaccharides and photosynthetic pigments, to the less known ones, such as unidentified proteins. We have discussed the effects of a microalgae-based genetic engineering approach against some viral diseases. We have illustrated the potential antiviral benefits of a diet enriched in microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Allegra Carbone
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (C.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Paola Pellone
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy;
| | - Carmine Lubritto
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (C.L.); (C.C.)
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Complesso Universitario di Monte S, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Ciniglia
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (C.L.); (C.C.)
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Vert M. The non-specific antiviral activity of polysulfates to fight SARS-CoV-2, its mutants and viruses with cationic spikes. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2021; 32:1466-1471. [PMID: 33947317 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2021.1925391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Polyanions are negatively charged macromolecules known for several decades as inhibitors of many viruses in vitro, notably AIDS virus. In the case of enveloped viruses, this activity was assigned to the formation of a polyelectrolyte complex between an anionic species, the polyanion, and the spike cationic proteins which are, for polymer chemists, comparable to cationic polyelectrolytes. Unfortunately, in vitro antiviral activity was not confirmed in vivo, possibly because polyanions were captured by cationic blood elements before reaching target cells. Accordingly, virologists abandoned the use of polyanions for antiviral therapy. In the case of coronaviruses like SARS-CoV-2 and its mutants the game may not be over because these viruses infect cells of airways and not of blood. This communication proposes strategies to use polysulfates to attack and inhibit viral particles before they reach target cells in the airways. For this, polysulfate solutions may be administered by spray, gargling and nebulization or used to capture virus-containing droplets and aerosols by bubbling when these vectors are in the atmosphere. The technical means exist. However, biocompatibility and biofunctionality tests are necessary in the case of airways. Such tests require manipulation of pathogens, something which is beyond the competences of a biomaterialist. For this, a specialist in virology is necessary. Attempts to find one failed so far despite all-around solicitations over the past ten months and despite the fact that attacking the virus with polysulfates may complement beneficially the defensive strategies based on masks, vaccines and hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Vert
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montpellier - CNRS - ENSCM, IBMM UMR CNRS 5247, CRBA, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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19
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Mohamad SA, Zahran EM, Abdel Fadeel MR, Albohy A, Safwat MA. New Acaciin-Loaded Self-Assembled Nanofibers as M Pro Inhibitors Against BCV as a Surrogate Model for SARS-CoV-2. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:1789-1804. [PMID: 33688191 PMCID: PMC7936690 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s298900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-COVID-2 has recently been one of the most life-threatening problems which urgently needs new therapeutic antiviral agents, especially those of herbal origin. PURPOSE The study aimed to load acaciin (ACA) into the new self-assembled nanofibers (NFs) followed by investigating their possible antiviral effect against bovine coronavirus (BCV) as a surrogate model for SARS-COV-2. METHODS ACA was identified using 1H-NMR and DEPT-Q 13C-NMR spectroscopy, the molecular docking study was performed using Autodock 4 and a modification of the traditional solvent injection method was applied for the synthesis of the biodegradable NFs. Different characterization techniques were used to inspect the formation of the NFs, which is followed by antiviral investigation against BCV as well as MTT assay using MDBK cells. RESULTS Core/shell NFs, ranging between 80-330 nm with tiny thorn-like branches, were formed which attained an enhanced encapsulation efficiency (97.5 ± 0.53%, P<0.05) and a dual controlled release (a burst release of 65% at 1 h and a sustained release up to >24 h). The antiviral investigation of the formed NFs revealed a significant inhibition of 98.88 ± 0.16% (P<0.05) with IC50 of 12.6 µM against BCV cells. CONCLUSION The results introduced a new, time/cost-saving strategy for the synthesis of biodegradable NFs without the need for electric current or hazardous cross-linking agents. Moreover, it provided an innovative avenue for the discovery of drugs of herbal origin for the fight against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soad A Mohamad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone, New Minia City, 61111, Egypt
| | - Eman Maher Zahran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone, New Minia City, 61111, Egypt
| | | | - Amgad Albohy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El-Sherouk City, 1837, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Safwat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
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20
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Lu MK, Chao CH, Hsu YC, Chang CC. Structural sequencing and anti-inflammatory, anti-lung cancer activities of 1,4-α/β-sulfomalonoglucan in Antrodia cinnamomea. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 170:307-316. [PMID: 33358951 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Antrodia cinnamomea is a precious Polyporaceous fungus with various bioactivities. This study reports the chemical identification and biological activities of sulfomalonoglucan, a sulfated polysaccharide (SPS), from the sodium sulfate enriched medium of the title fungus. The SPS-containing fraction was separated by gel filtration chromatography (GFC) to give the title SPS (denoted as Na10_SPS-F3). By analyzing the evidence for key inter-glycosidic linkages in the 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data, one possible repeat unit was proposed as: Na10_SPS-F3 inhibited the secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6 after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in RAW264.7 macrophages. Mechanistically, Na10_SPS-F3 downregulated TGFRII also attenuated the LPS-induced IκB-α degradation. Moreover, Na10_SPS-F3 inhibited lung cancer cell H1975 EGFR/ERK signaling. This is the first paper reporting a 3-O-sulfomalonyl glucan (Na10_SPS-F3) with eight 1,4-β-Glc moieties connected with ten 1,4-α-Glc moieties from Antrodia cinnamomea and its anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Kuang Lu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsein Chao
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Hsu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chuan Chang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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21
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Yadavalli T, Mallick S, Patel P, Koganti R, Shukla D, Date AA. Pharmaceutically Acceptable Carboxylic Acid-Terminated Polymers Show Activity and Selectivity against HSV-1 and HSV-2 and Synergy with Antiviral Drugs. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:2926-2937. [PMID: 33078609 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Polyanionic macromolecules including carboxylate-terminated polymers (polycarboxylates) are capable of inhibiting sexually transmitted viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV). Cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), a pharmaceutically acceptable pH-sensitive polycarboxylate polymer, showed promising prophylactic activity against HIV and HSV, but the instability of CAP in an aqueous environment prevented its clinical development. Interestingly, several pharmaceutically acceptable polycarboxylates have features similar to CAP with an aqueous stability significantly higher than that of CAP. However, their activity against sexually transmitted viruses remains unexplored. Here, we evaluate the activity of various polycarboxylates such as polyvinyl acetate phthalate (PVAP), various grades of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP-50, HPMCP-55, and HPMCP-55S), and various grades of methacrylic acid copolymers (Eudragit L100-55, Eudragit L100, Eudragit S100, and Kollicoat MAE 100P) against HSV. We, for the first time, demonstrate that PVAP, HPMCP-55S, and Eudragit S100 have activity and selectivity against HSV-1 and HSV-2. Further, we report that polycarboxylates can be easily transformed into nanoparticles (NPs) and in the nanoparticulate form, they show similar or enhanced activity against HSV. Finally, using PVAP NPs, as a model, we demonstrate using in vitro HSV therapy studies that polycarboxylate NPs are capable of synergizing with antiviral drugs such as acyclovir (ACV), tenofovir, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Thus, pharmaceutically acceptable carboxylic acid-terminated polymers and their NPs have the potential to be developed into topical formulations for the prevention and treatment of HSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejabhiram Yadavalli
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Sudipta Mallick
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, United States
| | - Pratikkumar Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, United States
| | - Raghuram Koganti
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Deepak Shukla
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Abhijit A. Date
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, United States
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22
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Tryptophan Trimers and Tetramers Inhibit Dengue and Zika Virus Replication by Interfering with Viral Attachment Processes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.02130-19. [PMID: 31932383 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02130-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report a class of tryptophan trimers and tetramers that inhibit (at low micromolar range) dengue and Zika virus infection in vitro These compounds (AL family) have three or four peripheral tryptophan moieties directly linked to a central scaffold through their amino groups; thus, their carboxylic acid groups are free and exposed to the periphery. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies demonstrated that the presence of extra phenyl rings with substituents other than COOH at the N1 or C2 position of the indole side chain is a requisite for the antiviral activity against both viruses. The molecules showed potent antiviral activity, with low cytotoxicity, when evaluated on different cell lines. Moreover, they were active against laboratory and clinical strains of all four serotypes of dengue virus as well as a selected group of Zika virus strains. Additional mechanistic studies performed with the two most potent compounds (AL439 and AL440) demonstrated an interaction with the viral envelope glycoprotein (domain III) of dengue 2 virus, preventing virus attachment to the host cell membrane. Since no antiviral agent is approved at the moment against these two flaviviruses, further pharmacokinetic studies with these molecules are needed for their development as future therapeutic/prophylactic drugs.
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Pereira SB, Sousa A, Santos M, Araújo M, Serôdio F, Granja P, Tamagnini P. Strategies to Obtain Designer Polymers Based on Cyanobacterial Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5693. [PMID: 31739392 PMCID: PMC6888056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Biopolymers derived from polysaccharides are a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to the synthetic counterparts available in the market. Due to their distinctive properties, the cyanobacterial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), mainly composed of heteropolysaccharides, emerge as a valid alternative to address several biotechnological and biomedical challenges. Nevertheless, biotechnological/biomedical applications based on cyanobacterial EPS have only recently started to emerge. For the successful exploitation of cyanobacterial EPS, it is important to strategically design the polymers, either by genetic engineering of the producing strains or by chemical modification of the polymers. This requires a better understanding of the EPS biosynthetic pathways and their relationship with central metabolism, as well as to exploit the available polymer functionalization chemistries. Considering all this, we provide an overview of the characteristics and biological activities of cyanobacterial EPS, discuss the challenges and opportunities to improve the amount and/or characteristics of the polymers, and report the most relevant advances on the use of cyanobacterial EPS as scaffolds, coatings, and vehicles for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara B. Pereira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Aureliana Sousa
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marina Santos
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marco Araújo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipa Serôdio
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Granja
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- FEUP - Faculdade de Engenharia, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e Materiais, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Tamagnini
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- FCUP - Faculdade de Ciências, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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24
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Oceans as a Source of Immunotherapy. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17050282. [PMID: 31083446 PMCID: PMC6562586 DOI: 10.3390/md17050282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine flora is taxonomically diverse, biologically active, and chemically unique. It is an excellent resource, which offers great opportunities for the discovery of new biopharmaceuticals such as immunomodulators and drugs targeting cancerous, inflammatory, microbial, and fungal diseases. The ability of some marine molecules to mediate specific inhibitory activities has been demonstrated in a range of cellular processes, including apoptosis, angiogenesis, and cell migration and adhesion. Immunomodulators have been shown to have significant therapeutic effects on immune-mediated diseases, but the search for safe and effective immunotherapies for other diseases such as sinusitis, atopic dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma and allergies is ongoing. This review focuses on the marine-originated bioactive molecules with immunomodulatory potential, with a particular focus on the molecular mechanisms of specific agents with respect to their targets. It also addresses the commercial utilization of these compounds for possible drug improvement using metabolic engineering and genomics.
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Wang Y, Xing M, Cao Q, Ji A, Liang H, Song S. Biological Activities of Fucoidan and the Factors Mediating Its Therapeutic Effects: A Review of Recent Studies. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E183. [PMID: 30897733 PMCID: PMC6471298 DOI: 10.3390/md17030183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The marine acid polysaccharide fucoidan has attracted attention from both the food and pharmaceutical industries due to its promising therapeutic effects. Fucoidan is a polysaccharide that mainly consists of L-fucose and sulphate groups. Its excellent biological function is attributed to its unique biological structure. Classical activities include antitumor, antioxidant, anticoagulant, antithrombotic, immunoregulatory, antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects. More recently, fucoidan has been shown to alleviate metabolic syndrome, protect the gastrointestinal tract, benefit angiogenesis and bone health. This review focuses on the progress in our understanding of the biological activities of fucoidan, highlighting its benefits for the treatment of human disease. We hope that this review can provide some theoretical basis and inspiration for the product development of fucoidan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Maochen Xing
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Qi Cao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Aiguo Ji
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Hao Liang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Shuliang Song
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.
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Monroe M, Flexner C, Cui H. Harnessing nanostructured systems for improved treatment and prevention of HIV disease. Bioeng Transl Med 2018; 3:102-123. [PMID: 30065966 PMCID: PMC6063869 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination antiretroviral therapy effectively controls human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral replication, delaying the progression to acquired immune deficiency syndrome and improving and extending quality of life of patients. However, the inability of antiretroviral therapeutics to target latent virus and their poor penetration of viral reserve tissues result in the need for continued treatment for the life of the patient. Side effects from long-term antiretroviral use and the development of drug resistance due to patient noncompliance are also continuing problems. Nanostructured systems of antiretroviral therapeutics have the potential to improve targeted delivery to viral reservoirs, reduce drug toxicity, and increase dosing intervals, thereby improving treatment outcomes and enhancing patient adherence. Despite these advantages, very few nanostructured antiretroviral delivery systems have made it to clinical trials due to challenges in preclinical and clinical development. In this context, we review the current challenges in HIV disease management, and the recent progress in leveraging the unique performance of nanostructured systems in therapeutic delivery for improved treatment and prevention of this incurable human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Monroe
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street Baltimore MD 21218.,Institute for NanoBioTechnology The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street Baltimore MD 21218
| | - Charles Flexner
- Div. of Clinical Pharmacology and Infectious Diseases Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD 21205
| | - Honggang Cui
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street Baltimore MD 21218.,Institute for NanoBioTechnology The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street Baltimore MD 21218.,Dept. of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21205.,Center for Nanomedicine The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21231
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27
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Dey P, Bergmann T, Cuellar-Camacho JL, Ehrmann S, Chowdhury MS, Zhang M, Dahmani I, Haag R, Azab W. Multivalent Flexible Nanogels Exhibit Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Activity by Blocking Virus Entry. ACS NANO 2018; 12:6429-6442. [PMID: 29894156 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b01616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The entry process of viruses into host cells is complex and involves stable but transient multivalent interactions with different cell surface receptors. The initial contact of several viruses begins with attachment to heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans on the cell surface, which results in a cascade of events that end up with virus entry. The development of antiviral agents based on multivalent interactions to shield virus particles and block initial interactions with cellular receptors has attracted attention in antiviral research. Here, we designed nanogels with different degrees of flexibility based on dendritic polyglycerol sulfate to mimic cellular HS. The designed nanogels are nontoxic and broad-spectrum, can multivalently interact with viral glycoproteins, shield virus surfaces, and efficiently block infection. We also visualized virus-nanogel interactions as well as the uptake of nanogels by the cells through clathrin-mediated endocytosis using confocal microscopy. As many human viruses attach to the cells through HS moieties, we introduce our flexible nanogels as robust inhibitors for these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Dey
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustrasse 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
- Polymer Science Unit , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , 2A and 2B Raja S.C. Mullick Road , Kolkata 700032 , India
| | - Tobias Bergmann
- Institut für Virologie, Robert von Ostertag-Haus, Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin , Freie Universität Berlin , Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13 , 14163 Berlin , Germany
| | - Jose Luis Cuellar-Camacho
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustrasse 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Svenja Ehrmann
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustrasse 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Mohammad Suman Chowdhury
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustrasse 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Minze Zhang
- Institut für Virologie, Robert von Ostertag-Haus, Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin , Freie Universität Berlin , Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13 , 14163 Berlin , Germany
| | - Ismail Dahmani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology , University of Potsdam , Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 , 14476 Potsdam , Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustrasse 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Walid Azab
- Institut für Virologie, Robert von Ostertag-Haus, Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin , Freie Universität Berlin , Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13 , 14163 Berlin , Germany
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28
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Rades N, Licha K, Haag R. Dendritic Polyglycerol Sulfate for Therapy and Diagnostics. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E595. [PMID: 30966629 PMCID: PMC6403730 DOI: 10.3390/polym10060595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic polyglycerol sulfate (dPGS) has originally been investigated as an anticoagulant to potentially substitute for the natural glycosaminoglycan heparin. Compared to unfractionated heparin, dPGS possesses lower anticoagulant activity but a much higher anticomplementary effect. Since coagulation, complement activation, and inflammation are often present in the pathophysiology of numerous diseases, dPGS polymers with both anticoagulant and anticomplementary activities represent promising candidates for the development of polymeric drugs of nanosized architecture. In this review, we describe the nanomedical applications of dPGS based on its anti-inflammatory activity. Furthermore, the application of dPGS as a carrier molecule for diagnostic molecules and therapeutic drugs is reviewed, based on the ability to target tumors and localize in tumor cells. Finally, the application of dPGS for inhibition of virus infections is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Rades
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Kai Licha
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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29
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Schandock F, Riber CF, Röcker A, Müller JA, Harms M, Gajda P, Zuwala K, Andersen AHF, Løvschall KB, Tolstrup M, Kreppel F, Münch J, Zelikin AN. Macromolecular Antiviral Agents against Zika, Ebola, SARS, and Other Pathogenic Viruses. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28945945 PMCID: PMC7161897 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Viral pathogens continue to constitute a heavy burden on healthcare and socioeconomic systems. Efforts to create antiviral drugs repeatedly lag behind the advent of pathogens and growing understanding is that broad‐spectrum antiviral agents will make strongest impact in future antiviral efforts. This work performs selection of synthetic polymers as novel broadly active agents and demonstrates activity of these polymers against Zika, Ebola, Lassa, Lyssa, Rabies, Marburg, Ebola, influenza, herpes simplex, and human immunodeficiency viruses. Results presented herein offer structure–activity relationships for these pathogens in terms of their susceptibility to inhibition by polymers, and for polymers in terms of their anionic charge and hydrophobicity that make up broad‐spectrum antiviral agents. The identified leads cannot be predicted based on prior data on polymer‐based antivirals and represent promising candidates for further development as preventive microbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Schandock
- Institute of Molecular Virology; Ulm University Medical Center; Meyerhofstrasse 1 89081 Ulm Germany
| | | | - Annika Röcker
- Institute of Molecular Virology; Ulm University Medical Center; Meyerhofstrasse 1 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Janis A. Müller
- Institute of Molecular Virology; Ulm University Medical Center; Meyerhofstrasse 1 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Mirja Harms
- Institute of Molecular Virology; Ulm University Medical Center; Meyerhofstrasse 1 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Paulina Gajda
- Department of Infectious Diseases; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus 8000 Denmark
| | - Kaja Zuwala
- Department of Infectious Diseases; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus 8000 Denmark
| | - Anna H. F. Andersen
- Department of Infectious Diseases; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus 8000 Denmark
| | | | - Martin Tolstrup
- Department of Infectious Diseases; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus 8000 Denmark
| | - Florian Kreppel
- Institute of Molecular Virology; Ulm University Medical Center; Meyerhofstrasse 1 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Jan Münch
- Institute of Molecular Virology; Ulm University Medical Center; Meyerhofstrasse 1 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Alexander N. Zelikin
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Aarhus 8000 Denmark
- iNano Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre; Aarhus University; Aarhus 8000 Denmark
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30
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Giroud C, Du Y, Marin M, Min Q, Jui NT, Fu H, Melikyan GB. Screening and Functional Profiling of Small-Molecule HIV-1 Entry and Fusion Inhibitors. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2017; 15:53-63. [PMID: 28322598 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2017.777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 entry and fusion with target cells is an important target for antiviral therapy. However, a few currently approved treatments are not effective as monotherapy due to the emergence of drug resistance. This consideration has fueled efforts to develop new bioavailable inhibitors targeting different steps of the HIV-1 entry process. Here, a high-throughput screen was performed of a large library of 100,000 small molecules for HIV-1 entry/fusion inhibitors, using a direct virus-cell fusion assay in a 384 half-well format. Positive hits were validated using a panel of functional assays, including HIV-1 specificity, cytotoxicity, and single-cycle infectivity assays. One compound-4-(2,5-dimethyl-pyrrol-1-yl)-2-hydroxy-benzoic acid (DPHB)-that selectively inhibited HIV-1 fusion was further characterized. Functional experiments revealed that DPHB caused irreversible inactivation of HIV-1 Env on cell-free virions and that this effect was related to binding to the third variable loop (V3) of the gp120 subunit of HIV-1 Env. Moreover, DPHB selectively inhibited HIV-1 strains that use CXCR4 or both CXCR4 and CCR5 co-receptors for entry, but not strains exclusively using CCR5. This selectivity was mapped to the gp120 V3 loop using chimeric Env glycoproteins. However, it was found that pure DPHB was not active against HIV-1 and that its degradation products (most likely polyanions) were responsible for inhibition of viral fusion. These findings highlight the importance of post-screening validation of positive hits and are in line with previous reports of the broad antiviral activity of polyanions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charline Giroud
- 1 Department of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yuhong Du
- 2 Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia .,3 Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mariana Marin
- 1 Department of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Qui Min
- 2 Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia .,3 Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nathan T Jui
- 4 Department of Chemistry, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Haian Fu
- 2 Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia .,3 Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia .,5 Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Gregory B Melikyan
- 1 Department of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia .,6 Children's Healthcare of Atlanta , Atlanta, Georgia
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31
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Lebetwa N, Mitani T, Nakamura S, Katayama S. Role of phosphate groups on antiviral activity of casein phosphopeptide against feline calicivirus as a surrogate for norovirus. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:1939-1944. [PMID: 27545286 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current research on the gastrointestinal digestion of milk-casein strongly suggests the existence of novel bioactive peptides with antiviral activities that are attributable to their immunostimulatory effects. In the present study, we investigated the antiviral activity of casein peptides rich in phosphate groups, such as casein phosphopeptide (CPP-III). RESULTS We prepared two types of CPP with different phosphorylation levels to clarify the role of the phosphate group. Further phosphorylation of CPP-III was conducted by dry heating with sodium pyrophosphate, whereas dephosphorylation was performed enzymatically using alkaline phosphatase and alkaline treatment. Feline calicivirus (FCV) strain F9, a typical norovirus surrogate, and Crandell Rees feline kidney cells were used as the target virus and host cells, respectively. Antiviral activity was determined based on the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and quantitative polymerase chain reaction quantification of antiviral cytokine mRNA expression. Higher cell viability was observed in the host cells treated with phosphorylated CPP-III, and a significant up-regulation of type 1 interferon expression was induced compared to that treated with native CPP-III. However, dephosphorylation of CPP-III resulted in a decrease in the anti-FCV effect. CONCLUSION The CPP effect was enhanced by the introduction of additional phosphates and conversely weakened by their elimination. Therefore, CPP-III phosphorylation represents an emerging approach for the production of food-grade antiviral agents. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ntshepisa Lebetwa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Ina, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan
| | - Takakazu Mitani
- Department of Interdisciplinary Genome Sciences and Cell Metabolism, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Ina, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan
| | - Soichiro Nakamura
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Ina, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan
| | - Shigeru Katayama
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Ina, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan
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32
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Ziem B, Azab W, Gholami MF, Rabe JP, Osterrieder N, Haag R. Size-dependent inhibition of herpesvirus cellular entry by polyvalent nanoarchitectures. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:3774-3783. [PMID: 28266670 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr00611j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based architectures, especially graphene and its derivatives, have recently attracted much attention in the field of biomedicine and biotechnology for their use as pathogen inhibitors or biosensors. One of the major problems in the development of novel virus inhibitor systems is the adaption of the inhibitor to the size of virus particles. We here report the synthesis and biological testing of carbon-based inhibitors differing in size for evaluating the potential size effect on the inhibition of virus entry and replication. In this context, different sized nanomaterials were functionalized with polygylcerol through a "grafting from" polymerization to form new polyvalent nanoarchitectures which can operate as viral inhibitor systems after post-modification. For this purpose a polysulfation was carried out to mimic the heparan sulfates present on cell surfaces that we reasoned would compete with the binding sites of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1), which both cause major global health issues. Our results clearly demonstrate that the inhibitory efficiency is regulated by the size of the polymeric nanomaterials and the degree of sulfation. The best inhibiting graphene sheets were ∼300 nm in size and had a degree of sulfation of ∼10%. Furthermore, it turned out that the derivatives inhibited virus infection at an early stage during entry but did not affect cell-to-cell spread. Overall, tunable polyvalent nanomaterials are promising and efficient virus entry inhibitors, which can likely be used for a broad spectrum of enveloped viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ziem
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - W Azab
- Institut für Virologie, Robert von Ostertag-Haus, Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
| | - M F Gholami
- Department of Physics & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - J P Rabe
- Department of Physics & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - N Osterrieder
- Institut für Virologie, Robert von Ostertag-Haus, Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
| | - R Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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33
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Zhernov YV, Kremb S, Helfer M, Schindler M, Harir M, Mueller C, Hertkorn N, Avvakumova NP, Konstantinov AI, Brack-Werner R, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Perminova IV. Supramolecular combinations of humic polyanions as potent microbicides with polymodal anti-HIV-activities. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj00960c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Anti-HIV potency of humic PAs is governed by scaffolds diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury V. Zhernov
- State Research Center “Institute of Immunology” of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia
- Moscow
- Russia
| | - Stephan Kremb
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health
- Neuherberg
- Germany
| | - Markus Helfer
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health
- Neuherberg
- Germany
| | - Michael Schindler
- University Hospital Tübingen
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases
- Tübingen
- Germany
| | - Mourad Harir
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry
- Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health
- Neuherberg
- Germany
| | - Constanze Mueller
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry
- Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health
- Neuherberg
- Germany
| | - Norbert Hertkorn
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry
- Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health
- Neuherberg
- Germany
| | - Nadezhda P. Avvakumova
- Samara State Medical University
- Department of General, Bioinorganic and Bioorganic Chemistry
- Samara
- Russia
| | | | - Ruth Brack-Werner
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health
- Neuherberg
- Germany
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry
- Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health
- Neuherberg
- Germany
- Technical University of Munich
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34
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Vaillant A. Nucleic acid polymers: Broad spectrum antiviral activity, antiviral mechanisms and optimization for the treatment of hepatitis B and hepatitis D infection. Antiviral Res 2016; 133:32-40. [PMID: 27400989 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Antiviral polymers are a well-studied class of broad spectrum viral attachment/entry inhibitors whose activity increases with polymer length and with increased amphipathic (hydrophobic) character. The newest members of this class of compounds are nucleic acid polymers whose activity is derived from the sequence independent properties of phosphorothioated oligonucleotides as amphipathic polymers. Although the antiviral mechanisms and broad spectrum antiviral activity of nucleic acid polymers mirror the functionality of other members of this class, they exert in addition a unique post entry activity in hepatitis B infection which inhibits the release of HBsAg from infected hepatocytes. This review provides a general overview of the antiviral polymer class with a focus on nucleic acid polymers and their development as therapeutic agents for the treatment of hepatitis B/hepatitis D. This article forms part of a symposium in Antiviral Research on ''An unfinished story: from the discovery of the Australia antigen to the development of new curative therapies for hepatitis B.''.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Vaillant
- Replicor Inc., 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, Quebec, H4P 2R2, Canada.
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35
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Hu P, Li Z, Chen M, Sun Z, Ling Y, Jiang J, Huang C. Structural elucidation and protective role of a polysaccharide from Sargassum fusiforme on ameliorating learning and memory deficiencies in mice. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 139:150-8. [PMID: 26794958 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A fucoidan, Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide 65 (SFPS65) A, was isolated from a brown alga (S. fusiforme). SFPS65A had an estimated molecular weight of 90kDa and showed αD(20) -74.3288 (c 0.05, H2O). SFPS65A is composed of fucose, galactose, xylose, glucose, glucuronic acid, and mannose in the ratio of 19.23:9.58:6.64:1:6.52:2.57. The structural features of SFPS65A were investigated using composition analysis, methylation analysis, infrared spectrum, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectroscopy. Results showed that SFPS65A has a main chain composed of →3)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→ and connected with →3,4)-α-d-GlcAp-(1→, →4)-β-d-Xylp-(1→, →4)-α-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-α-d-Manp-(1→ alternately. The branches at O-3 of the fucosyl residue and O-3 of the hexosyl residues may include sulfate, →4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→, β-d-Xylp-(1→, and β-d-Xylp-(1→. SFPS65A exhibited an activity on Alzheimer's disease in vivo in the pharmacological experiments by increasing the cognitive abilities of scopolamine-, ethanol-, and sodium nitrite-treated mice against memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Rd., Zhangjiang, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixiong Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Rd., Zhangjiang, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingcang Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Rd., Zhangjiang, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaolin Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Rd., Zhangjiang, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Ling
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chenggang Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Rd., Zhangjiang, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China.
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36
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Hinton TM, Zuwala K, Deffrasnes C, Todd S, Shi S, Marsh GA, Dearnley M, Wohl BM, Tolstrup M, Zelikin AN. Polyanionic Macromolecular Prodrugs of Ribavirin: Antiviral Agents with a Broad Spectrum of Activity. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:534-40. [PMID: 26789641 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Macromolecular prodrugs are developed as multiarmed agents against diverse viral pathogens. Lead candidates inhibit infectivity and replication of HIV, Ebola, influenza, measles, RSV, etc-thus being broad-spectrum antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey M. Hinton
- CSIRO-Health and Biosecurity Flagship; Australian Animal Health Laboratory; Geelong VIC 3220 Australia
| | - Kaja Zuwala
- Department of Infectious Diseases; Aarhus University Hospital; 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
- Department of Chemistry and the iNano, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre; Aarhus University; 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Celine Deffrasnes
- CSIRO-Health and Biosecurity Flagship; Australian Animal Health Laboratory; Geelong VIC 3220 Australia
| | - Shawn Todd
- CSIRO-Health and Biosecurity Flagship; Australian Animal Health Laboratory; Geelong VIC 3220 Australia
| | - Shuning Shi
- CSIRO-Health and Biosecurity Flagship; Australian Animal Health Laboratory; Geelong VIC 3220 Australia
| | - Glenn A. Marsh
- CSIRO-Health and Biosecurity Flagship; Australian Animal Health Laboratory; Geelong VIC 3220 Australia
| | - Megan Dearnley
- CSIRO-Health and Biosecurity Flagship; Australian Animal Health Laboratory; Geelong VIC 3220 Australia
| | - Benjamin M. Wohl
- Department of Chemistry and the iNano, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre; Aarhus University; 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Martin Tolstrup
- Department of Infectious Diseases; Aarhus University Hospital; 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Alexander N. Zelikin
- Department of Chemistry and the iNano, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre; Aarhus University; 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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37
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Kurapati KRV, Atluri VS, Samikkannu T, Garcia G, Nair MPN. Natural Products as Anti-HIV Agents and Role in HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND): A Brief Overview. Front Microbiol 2016; 6:1444. [PMID: 26793166 PMCID: PMC4709506 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
As the threat of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) persists to rise, effective drug treatments are required to treat the infected people. Even though combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) provides stable viral suppression, it is not devoid of undesirable side effects, especially in persons undergoing long-term treatment. The present therapy finds its limitations in the emergence of multidrug resistance and accordingly finding new drugs and novel targets is the need of the hour to treat the infected persons and further to attack HIV reservoirs in the body like brain, lymph nodes to achieve the ultimate goal of complete eradication of HIV and AIDS. Natural products such as plant-originated compounds and plant extracts have enormous potential to become drug leads with anti-HIV and neuroprotective activity. Accordingly, many research groups are exploring the biodiversity of the plant kingdom to find new and better anti-HIV drugs with novel mechanisms of action and for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). The basic challenge that still persists is to develop viral replication-targeted therapy using novel anti-HIV compounds with new mode of action, accepted toxicity and less resistance profile. Against this backdrop, the World Health Organization (WHO) suggested the need to evaluate ethno-medicines for the management of HIV/AIDS. Consequently, there is need to evaluate traditional medicine, particularly medicinal plants and other natural products that may yield effective and affordable therapeutic agents. Although there are a good number of reports on traditional uses of plants to treat various diseases, knowledge of herbal remedies used to manage HIV/AIDS and HAND are scanty, vague and not well documented. In this review, plant substances showing a promising action that is anti-HIV and HAND will be explored along with what they interact. Since some plant substances are also known to modulate several cellular factors which are also involved in the replication of HIV and hence their role as potential candidates will be discussed. HIV/AIDS being an exceptional epidemic, demands an exceptional approach and that forms very much focus for the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Madhavan P. N. Nair
- Department of Immunology, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, MiamiFL, USA
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Dinesh S, Menon T, Hanna LE, Suresh V, Sathuvan M, Manikannan M. In vitro anti-HIV-1 activity of fucoidan from Sargassum swartzii. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 82:83-8. [PMID: 26472515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sargassum swartzii, a marine brown algae with wide range of biological properties belongs to the family Sargassaceae. Bioactive fucoidan fractions (CFF, FF1 and FF2) were isolated from S. swartzii and characterized by linear gradient anion-exchange chromatography and FT-IR. The characterized fucoidan fractions contained mainly sugars, sulfate and uronic acid. In the present study, anti-HIV-1 property of the fucoidan fractions was investigated. Fraction FF2 was found to exhibit significant anti-HIV-1 activity at concentrations of 1.56 and 6.25 μg/ml as observed by >50% reduction in HIV-1 p24 antigen levels and reverse transcriptase activity. Fucoidan fractions have no cytotoxic effects on PBMCs at the concentration range of 1.56-1000 μg/ml. These results suggest that fucoidan fractions could have inhibitory activity against HIV and has potential as an anti-HIV-1 agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramaniam Dinesh
- Department of Microbiology, Dr ALM PG IBMS, University of Madras, Chennai, TN, India
| | - Thangam Menon
- Department of Microbiology, Dr ALM PG IBMS, University of Madras, Chennai, TN, India.
| | - Luke E Hanna
- Division of HIV/AIDS, Department of Clinical Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chennai, TN, India
| | - V Suresh
- Department of Botany, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, TN, India
| | - M Sathuvan
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Chennai, TN, India
| | - M Manikannan
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama University, Chennai 600119, India
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Marine polysaccharide-based nanomaterials as a novel source of nanobiotechnological applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 82:315-27. [PMID: 26523336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.10.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Research on marine polysaccharide-based nanomaterials is emerging in nanobiotechnological fields such as drug delivery, gene delivery, tissue engineering, cancer therapy, wound dressing, biosensors, and water treatment. Important properties of the marine polysaccharides include biocompatibility, biodegradability, nontoxicity, low cost, and abundance. Most of the marine polysaccharides are derived from natural sources such as fucoidan, alginates, carrageenan, agarose, porphyran, ulvan, mauran, chitin, chitosan, and chitooligosaccharide. Marine polysaccharides are very important biological macromolecules that widely exist in marine organisms. Marine polysaccharides exhibit a vast variety of structures and are still under-exploited and thus should be considered as a novel source of natural products for drug discovery. An enormous variety of polysaccharides can be extracted from marine organisms such as algae, crustaceans, and microorganisms. Marine polysaccharides have been shown to have a variety of biological and biomedical properties. Recently, research and development of marine polysaccharide-based nanomaterials have received considerable attention as one of the major resources for nanotechnological applications. This review highlights the recent research on marine polysaccharide-based nanomaterials for biotechnological and biomedical applications.
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Lisov A, Vrublevskaya V, Lisova Z, Leontievsky A, Morenkov O. A 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid-Gelatin Conjugate: The Synthesis, Antiviral Activity and Mechanism of Antiviral Action Against Two Alphaherpesviruses. Viruses 2015; 7:5343-60. [PMID: 26501311 PMCID: PMC4632386 DOI: 10.3390/v7102878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Various natural and synthetic polyanionic polymers with different chemical structures are known to exhibit potent antiviral activity in vitro toward a variety of enveloped viruses and may be considered as promising therapeutic agents. A water-soluble conjugate of 2,5-dihydroxybezoic acid (2,5-DHBA) with gelatin was synthesized by laccase-catalyzed oxidation of 2,5-DHBA in the presence of gelatin, and its antiviral activity against pseudorabies virus (PRV) and bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1), two members of the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily, was studied. The conjugate produced no direct cytotoxic effect on cells, and did not inhibit cell growth at concentrations up to 1000 µg/mL. It exhibited potent antiviral activity against PRV (IC50, 1.5-15 µg/mL for different virus strains) and BoHV-1 (IC50, 0.5-0.7 µg/mL). When present during virus adsorption, the conjugate strongly inhibited the attachment of PRV and BoHV-1 to cells. The 2,5-DHBA-gelatin conjugate had no direct virucidal effect on the viruses and did not influence their penetration into cells, cell-to-cell spread, production of infectious virus particles in cells, and expression of PRV glycoproteins E and B. The results indicated that the 2,5-DHBA-gelatin conjugate strongly inhibits the adsorption of alphaherpesviruses to cells and can be a promising synthetic polymer for the development of antiviral formulations against alphaherpesvirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lisov
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Nauki 5, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia.
| | - Veronika Vrublevskaya
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia.
| | - Zoy Lisova
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Nauki 5, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia.
| | - Alexey Leontievsky
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Nauki 5, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia.
- Pushchino State Institute of Life Sciences, ProspektNauki 3, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia.
| | - Oleg Morenkov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia.
- Pushchino State Institute of Life Sciences, ProspektNauki 3, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia.
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41
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Lump E, Castellano LM, Meier C, Seeliger J, Erwin N, Sperlich B, Stürzel CM, Usmani S, Hammond RM, von Einem J, Gerold G, Kreppel F, Bravo-Rodriguez K, Pietschmann T, Holmes VM, Palesch D, Zirafi O, Weissman D, Sowislok A, Wettig B, Heid C, Kirchhoff F, Weil T, Klärner FG, Schrader T, Bitan G, Sanchez-Garcia E, Winter R, Shorter J, Münch J. A molecular tweezer antagonizes seminal amyloids and HIV infection. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 26284498 PMCID: PMC4536748 DOI: 10.7554/elife.05397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Semen is the main vector for HIV transmission and contains amyloid fibrils that enhance viral infection. Available microbicides that target viral components have proven largely ineffective in preventing sexual virus transmission. In this study, we establish that CLR01, a ‘molecular tweezer’ specific for lysine and arginine residues, inhibits the formation of infectivity-enhancing seminal amyloids and remodels preformed fibrils. Moreover, CLR01 abrogates semen-mediated enhancement of viral infection by preventing the formation of virion–amyloid complexes and by directly disrupting the membrane integrity of HIV and other enveloped viruses. We establish that CLR01 acts by binding to the target lysine and arginine residues rather than by a non-specific, colloidal mechanism. CLR01 counteracts both host factors that may be important for HIV transmission and the pathogen itself. These combined anti-amyloid and antiviral activities make CLR01 a promising topical microbicide for blocking infection by HIV and other sexually transmitted viruses. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.05397.001 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a sexually transmitted virus that can cause a serious disease that weakens the immune system. The virus is most commonly transmitted between individuals in semen, the male reproductive fluid. Semen contains deposits of protein fragments called amyloid fibrils, which can increase the transmission of HIV by trapping viral particles. This helps the virus to attach to the membranes surrounding human cells, which increases the risk of infection. Therefore, therapies that reduce the levels of amyloid fibrils in semen might be able to reduce the transmission of HIV. Drugs that prevent amyloid formation are already being developed because structurally similar fibrils can also form in the brains of individuals with neurodegenerative diseases. One such molecule—called CLR01—works by binding to particular sites on the proteins that form fibrils in the brain. This inhibits fibril formation and slowly disassembles the fibrils that have already formed. CLR01 physically interacts with these residues in a way that resembles a tweezer. The peptides in the amyloid fibrils in semen also have these sites, which suggests that CLR01 might also disrupt amyloid fibrils from forming in semen. Here Lump and Castellano et al. show that CLR01 can both disrupt fibril formation and remodel fibrils that have already formed. In addition, CLR01 prevents HIV particles from interacting with these fibrils and can displace the virus particles that have already bound to the fibrils. In the presence of CLR01, human cells exposed to semen that contained HIV were less likely to become infected with the virus. Unexpectedly, CLR01 also directly destroys HIV and other enveloped viruses such as HCV or HSV particles by disrupting the membranes that surround the virus. Therefore, Lump and Castellano et al.'s findings reveal that CLR01 has considerable potential to be used as an agent for reducing the transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted viral diseases. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.05397.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina Lump
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Laura M Castellano
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States.,Pharmacology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Christoph Meier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry III/Macromolecular Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Janine Seeliger
- Physical Chemistry I-Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Nelli Erwin
- Physical Chemistry I-Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Benjamin Sperlich
- Physical Chemistry I-Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christina M Stürzel
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Shariq Usmani
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rebecca M Hammond
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States.,Biology Department, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, United States
| | - Jens von Einem
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gisa Gerold
- Institute of Experimental Virology, Twincore, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian Kreppel
- Institute of Gene Therapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Pietschmann
- Institute of Experimental Virology, Twincore, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Veronica M Holmes
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - David Palesch
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Onofrio Zirafi
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Drew Weissman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Andrea Sowislok
- Department of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Burkhard Wettig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Heid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.,Ulm-Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Institute of Organic Chemistry III/Macromolecular Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Ulm-Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Schrader
- Department of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gal Bitan
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Brain Research Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | | | - Roland Winter
- Physical Chemistry I-Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - James Shorter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States.,Pharmacology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Jan Münch
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.,Ulm-Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzeng Min
- Laboratory of Nano- and Translational Medicine, Carolina Institute of Nanomedicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Joseph M Caster
- Laboratory of Nano- and Translational Medicine, Carolina Institute of Nanomedicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Michael J Eblan
- Laboratory of Nano- and Translational Medicine, Carolina Institute of Nanomedicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Andrew Z Wang
- Laboratory of Nano- and Translational Medicine, Carolina Institute of Nanomedicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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Wozniak M, Bell T, Dénes Á, Falshaw R, Itzhaki R. Anti-HSV1 activity of brown algal polysaccharides and possible relevance to the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 74:530-40. [PMID: 25583021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) induces the formation of the characteristic abnormal molecules of Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains, beta-amyloid, and abnormally phosphorylated, AD-like tau (P-tau). Formation of these molecules is inhibited by treatment with the antiviral agent acyclovir (ACV), which prevents viral DNA replication. A totally different mechanism of antiviral action against herpes simplex viruses is shown by sulfated fucans. The antiviral activity of sulfated fucans from five brown algae (Scytothamnus australis, Marginariella boryana, Papenfussiella lutea, Splachnidium rugosum and Undaria pinnatifida) was investigated in relation to the HSV1-induced formation of beta-amyloid, and AD-like tau. Antiviral activity was also related to specific structural features of these polysaccharides. Four sulfated fucan extracts each prevented the accumulation of HSV1-induced beta-amyloid and AD-like tau in HSV1-infected Vero cells. The structures of these extracts had some similarities but also key differences, indicating that a number of structural features can cause antiviral activity. The most active sulfated fucan combined with acyclovir was particularly effective, so may be particularly suitable for further experimental testing in order to develop treatment protocols for AD patients, with the aim of slowing or stopping disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Wozniak
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, 3.545 Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Tracey Bell
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 31-310, Lower Hutt, New Zealand.
| | - Ádám Dénes
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szigony u 43, Budapest H 1083, Hungary.
| | - Ruth Falshaw
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 31-310, Lower Hutt, New Zealand.
| | - Ruth Itzhaki
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, 3.545 Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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Vonnemann J, Liese S, Kuehne C, Ludwig K, Dernedde J, Böttcher C, Netz RR, Haag R. Size Dependence of Steric Shielding and Multivalency Effects for Globular Binding Inhibitors. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:2572-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5114084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christian Kuehne
- Institute
of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Jens Dernedde
- Institute
of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Zuwala K, Smith AAA, Postma A, Guerrero-Sanchez C, Ruiz-Sanchis P, Melchjorsen J, Tolstrup M, Zelikin AN. Polymers fight HIV: potent (pro)drugs identified through parallel automated synthesis. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:46-50. [PMID: 24811313 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Macromolecular (pro)drugs interfere with the proliferation of HIV through both inhibition of viral cell entry and via intracellular delivery of antiviral drugs. Lead polymer conjugates exhibit longevity of action exceeding that of parent nucleoside analogue drug and are active in primary T cell over at least 72 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Zuwala
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Aarhus C 8000 Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases; Aarhus University Hospital; Denmark
| | | | - Almar Postma
- CSIRO - Materials Science and Engineering; Ian Wark Laboratory; Bayview Ave Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
| | - Carlos Guerrero-Sanchez
- CSIRO - Materials Science and Engineering; Ian Wark Laboratory; Bayview Ave Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
| | - Pau Ruiz-Sanchis
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Aarhus C 8000 Denmark
| | | | - Martin Tolstrup
- Department of Infectious Diseases; Aarhus University Hospital; Denmark
| | - Alexander N. Zelikin
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Aarhus C 8000 Denmark
- iNano Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre; Aarhus University; Aarhus C 8000 Denmark
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Smith AAA, Wohl BM, Kryger MBL, Hedemann N, Guerrero-Sanchez C, Postma A, Zelikin AN. Macromolecular prodrugs of ribavirin: concerted efforts of the carrier and the drug. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:1404-7. [PMID: 24408515 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Polymers in tune. Automated parallel polymer synthesis is developed to obtain libraries of macromolecular prodrugs of ribavirin, a broad-spectrum antiviral agent. As many as 10 identified lead polymer conjugates exhibit therapeutic efficacy matching that of the pristine drug and at the same time suppressed the origin of the main side effect of ribavirin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton A. A. Smith
- Department Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Aarhus C 8000 Denmark
| | - Benjamin M. Wohl
- Department Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Aarhus C 8000 Denmark
- iNano Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre; Aarhus University; Aarhus C 8000 Denmark
| | - Mille B. L. Kryger
- Department Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Aarhus C 8000 Denmark
- iNano Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre; Aarhus University; Aarhus C 8000 Denmark
| | - Natasha Hedemann
- Department Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Aarhus C 8000 Denmark
| | - Carlos Guerrero-Sanchez
- CSIRO - Materials Science and Engineering, Ian Wark Laboratory; Bayview Ave Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
| | - Almar Postma
- CSIRO - Materials Science and Engineering, Ian Wark Laboratory; Bayview Ave Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
| | - Alexander N. Zelikin
- Department Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Aarhus C 8000 Denmark
- iNano Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre; Aarhus University; Aarhus C 8000 Denmark
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Vonnemann J, Sieben C, Wolff C, Ludwig K, Böttcher C, Herrmann A, Haag R. Virus inhibition induced by polyvalent nanoparticles of different sizes. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:2353-60. [PMID: 24430614 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr04449a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of antiviral agents is one of the major challenges in medical science. So far, small monovalent molecular drugs that inhibit the late steps in the viral replication cycle, i.e., virus budding, have not worked well which emphasizes the need for alternative approaches. Polyvalently presented viral receptors, however, show potential as good inhibitors of virus-cell binding, which is the first step in the viral infection cycle. By gradually increasing the size of ligand functionalized gold nanoparticles, up to virus-like dimensions, we are now able to quantify the polyvalent enhancement of virus-cell binding inhibition and to identify varying mechanisms of virus inhibition with different efficacies: by employing a new binding assay we found that surface area-normalized polysulfated gold nanoparticles of diameters equal to and larger than the virus diameter (>50 nm) more efficiently inhibit the binding of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) to cells than smaller particles. On a per particle basis, larger sized gold nanoparticles were surprisingly shown to inhibit the viral infection up to two orders of magnitude more efficiently than smaller particles, which suggests different mechanisms of virus inhibition. Based on complementary electron microscopic data, we noticed that larger gold nanoparticles act as efficient cross-linkers between virions, whereas smaller gold nanoparticles decorate the surface of individual virus particles. Our systematic study accentuates the need for the design of biodegradable, virus-sized inhibitors capitalizing on polyvalent binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Vonnemann
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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48
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Arnáiz E, Vacas-Córdoba E, Galán M, Pion M, Gómez R, Muñoz-Fernández MAÁ, de la Mata FJ. Synthesis of anionic carbosilane dendrimers via “click chemistry” and their antiviral properties against HIV. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Arnáiz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica; Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario; E-28871 Alcalá de Henares Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering; Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN); Spain
| | - Enrique Vacas-Córdoba
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering; Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN); Spain
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología Molecular; Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón; E-28007 Madrid Spain
| | - Marta Galán
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica; Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario; E-28871 Alcalá de Henares Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering; Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN); Spain
| | - Marjorie Pion
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering; Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN); Spain
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología Molecular; Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón; E-28007 Madrid Spain
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica; Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario; E-28871 Alcalá de Henares Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering; Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN); Spain
| | - MA Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering; Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN); Spain
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología Molecular; Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón; E-28007 Madrid Spain
| | - F. Javier de la Mata
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica; Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario; E-28871 Alcalá de Henares Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering; Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN); Spain
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Galán M, Sánchez Rodríguez J, Jiménez JL, Relloso M, Maly M, de la Mata FJ, Muñoz-Fernández MA, Gómez R. Synthesis of new anionic carbosilane dendrimers via thiol–ene chemistry and their antiviral behaviour. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:3222-37. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00162a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sulfated Escherichia coli K5 polysaccharide derivatives inhibit dengue virus infection of human microvascular endothelial cells by interacting with the viral envelope protein E domain III. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74035. [PMID: 24015314 PMCID: PMC3755990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is an emerging mosquito-borne pathogen that causes cytokine-mediated alterations in the barrier function of the microvascular endothelium, leading to dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). We observed that DENV (serotype 2) productively infects primary (HMVEC-d) and immortalized (HMEC-1) human dermal microvascular endothelial cells, despite the absence of well-described DENV receptors, such as dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) or the mannose receptor on the cell surface. However, heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) were highly expressed on these cells and pre-treatment of HMEC-1 cells with heparinase II or with glycosaminoglycans reduced DENV infectivity up to 90%, suggesting that DENV uses HSPGs as attachment receptor on microvascular endothelial cells. Sulfated Escherichia coli K5 derivatives, which are structurally similar to heparin/heparan sulfate but lack anticoagulant activity, were able to block DENV infection of HMEC-1 and HMVEC-d cells in the nanomolar range. The highly sulfated K5-OS(H) and K5-N,OS(H) inhibited virus attachment and subsequent entry into microvascular endothelial cells by interacting with the viral envelope (E) protein, as shown by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis using the receptor-binding domain III of the E protein.
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