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Quílez C, Jeon EY, Pappalardo A, Pathak P, Abaci HE. Efficient Generation of Skin Organoids from Pluripotent Cells via Defined Extracellular Matrix Cues and Morphogen Gradients in a Spindle-Shaped Microfluidic Device. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2400405. [PMID: 38452278 PMCID: PMC11305970 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cell-derived skin organoids (PSOs) emerge as a developmental skin model that is self-organized into multiple components, such as hair follicles. Despite their impressive complexity, PSOs are currently generated in the absence of 3D extracellular matrix (ECM) signals and have several major limitations, including an inverted anatomy (e.g., epidermis inside/dermis outside). In this work, a method is established to generate PSOs effectively in a chemically-defined 3D ECM environment. After examining various dermal ECM molecules, it is found that PSOs generated in collagen -type I (COLI) supplemented with laminin 511 (LAM511) exhibit increased growth compared to conventional free-floating conditions, but fail to induce complete skin differentiation due in part to necrosis. This problem is addressed by generating the PSOs in a 3D bioprinted spindle-shaped hydrogel device, which constrains organoid growth longitudinally. This culture system significantly reduces organoid necrosis and leads to a twofold increase in keratinocyte differentiation and an eightfold increase in hair follicle formation. Finally, the system is adapted as a microfluidic device to create asymmetrical gradients of differentiation factors and improves the spatial organization of dermal and epidermal cells. This study highlights the pivotal role of ECM and morphogen gradients in promoting and spatially-controlling skin differentiation in the PSO framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Quílez
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, 28911 Spain
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Eun Y. Jeon
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alberto Pappalardo
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Pooja Pathak
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hasan E. Abaci
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Ubago-Rodríguez A, Quiñones-Vico MI, Sánchez-Díaz M, Sanabria-de la Torre R, Sierra-Sánchez Á, Montero-Vílchez T, Fernández-González A, Arias-Santiago S. Challenges in Psoriasis Research: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Models. Dermatology 2024; 240:620-652. [PMID: 38857576 DOI: 10.1159/000538993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with variable clinical presentation, multifactorial etiology and an immunogenetic basis. Several studies demonstrate that it results from a dysregulated interaction between skin keratinocytes, immune cells, and the environment that leads to a persistent inflammatory process modulated by cytokines and T cells. The development of new treatment options requires increased understanding of pathogenesis. However, the successful implementation of effective drugs requires well-characterized and highly available preclinical models that allow researchers to quickly and reproducibly determine their safety and efficacy. METHODS A systematic search on PubMed and Scopus databases was performed and assessed to find appropriate articles about psoriasis models applying the key words previously defined. The PRISMA guidelines were employed. RESULTS A total of 45 original articles were selected that met the selection criteria. Among these, there are articles on in vivo, in vitro, and ex vivo models, with the in vitro model being the majority due to its ease of use. Within animal models, the most widely used in recent years are chemically induced models using a compound known as imiquimod. However, the rest of the animal models used throughout the disease's research were also discussed. On the other hand, in vitro models were divided into two and three dimensions. The latter were the most used due to their similarity to human skin. Lastly, the ex vivo models were discussed, although they were the least used due to their difficulty in obtaining them. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, this review summarizes the current preclinical models (in vivo, in vitro, and ex vivo), discussing how to develop them, their advantages, limitations, and applications. There are many challenges to improve the development of the different models. However, research in these in vitro model studies could reduce the use of animals. This is favored with the use of future technologies such as 3D bioprinting or organ-on-a-chip technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ubago-Rodríguez
- Cell Production and Tissue Engineering Unit, Virgen de Las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain,
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain,
- Andalusian Network of Design and Translation of Advanced Therapies, Seville, Spain,
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain,
| | - María I Quiñones-Vico
- Cell Production and Tissue Engineering Unit, Virgen de Las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Andalusian Network of Design and Translation of Advanced Therapies, Seville, Spain
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Sánchez-Díaz
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Department of Dermatology, Virgen de Las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Raquel Sanabria-de la Torre
- Cell Production and Tissue Engineering Unit, Virgen de Las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Andalusian Network of Design and Translation of Advanced Therapies, Seville, Spain
| | - Álvaro Sierra-Sánchez
- Cell Production and Tissue Engineering Unit, Virgen de Las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Andalusian Network of Design and Translation of Advanced Therapies, Seville, Spain
| | - Trinidad Montero-Vílchez
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Department of Dermatology, Virgen de Las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Fernández-González
- Cell Production and Tissue Engineering Unit, Virgen de Las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Andalusian Network of Design and Translation of Advanced Therapies, Seville, Spain
| | - Salvador Arias-Santiago
- Cell Production and Tissue Engineering Unit, Virgen de Las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Andalusian Network of Design and Translation of Advanced Therapies, Seville, Spain
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Dermatology, Virgen de Las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
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Bagherpour R, Bagherpour G, Mohammadi P. Application of Artificial Intelligence in Tissue Engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2024. [PMID: 38581425 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2024.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Tissue engineering, a crucial approach in medical research and clinical applications, aims to regenerate damaged organs. By combining stem cells, biochemical factors, and biomaterials, it encounters challenges in designing complex 3D structures. Artificial intelligence (AI) enhances tissue engineering through computational modeling, biomaterial design, cell culture optimization, and personalized medicine. This review explores AI applications in organ tissue engineering (bone, heart, nerve, skin, cartilage), employing various machine learning (ML) algorithms for data analysis, prediction, and optimization. Each section discusses common ML algorithms and specific applications, emphasizing the potential and challenges in advancing regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Bagherpour
- Department of Computer Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Bagherpour
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Parvin Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Wu H, Chen J, Zhao P, Liu M, Xie F, Ma X. Development and Prospective Applications of 3D Membranes as a Sensor for Monitoring and Inducing Tissue Regeneration. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:802. [PMID: 37755224 PMCID: PMC10535523 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13090802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
For decades, tissue regeneration has been a challenging issue in scientific modeling and human practices. Although many conventional therapies are already used to treat burns, muscle injuries, bone defects, and hair follicle injuries, there remains an urgent need for better healing effects in skin, bone, and other unique tissues. Recent advances in three-dimensional (3D) printing and real-time monitoring technologies have enabled the creation of tissue-like membranes and the provision of an appropriate microenvironment. Using tissue engineering methods incorporating 3D printing technologies and biomaterials for the extracellular matrix (ECM) containing scaffolds can be used to construct a precisely distributed artificial membrane. Moreover, advances in smart sensors have facilitated the development of tissue regeneration. Various smart sensors may monitor the recovery of the wound process in different aspects, and some may spontaneously give feedback to the wound sites by releasing biological factors. The combination of the detection of smart sensors and individualized membrane design in the healing process shows enormous potential for wound dressings. Here, we provide an overview of the advantages of 3D printing and conventional therapies in tissue engineering. We also shed light on different types of 3D printing technology, biomaterials, and sensors to describe effective methods for use in skin and other tissue regeneration, highlighting their strengths and limitations. Finally, we highlight the value of 3D bioengineered membranes in various fields, including the modeling of disease, organ-on-a-chip, and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pengxiang Zhao
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China (F.X.); (X.M.)
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Sung JH, Kim JJ. Recent advances in in vitro skin-on-a-chip models for drug testing. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2023. [PMID: 37379024 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2023.2227379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The skin is an organ that has the largest surface area and provides a barrier against external environment. While providing protection, it also interacts with other organs in the body and has implications in various diseases. Development of physiologically realistic in vitro models of the skin in the context of the whole body is important for studying these diseases, and will be a valuable tool for pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and food industry. AREA COVERED This article covers the basic background in skin structure, physiology, as well as drug metabolism in the skin, and dermatological diseases. We summarize various in vitro skin models currently available, and novel in vitro models based on organ-on-a-chip technology. We also explain the concept of multi-organ-on-a-chip and describe recent developments in this field aimed at recapitulating the interaction of the skin with other organs in the body. EXPERT OPINION Recent development in the organ-on-a-chip field has enabled the development of in vitro model systems that resemble human skin more closely than conventional models. In near future, we will be seeing various model systems that allow researchers to study complex diseases in a more mechanistic manner, which will help the development of new pharmaceuticals for such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hwan Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Jung Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Yadav K, Singh D, Singh MR, Minz S, Princely Ebenezer Gnanakani S, Sucheta, Yadav R, Vora L, Sahu KK, Bagchi A, Singh Chauhan N, Pradhan M. Preclinical study models of psoriasis: State-of-the-art techniques for testing pharmaceutical products in animal and nonanimal models. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109945. [PMID: 36871534 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Local and systemic treatments exist for psoriasis, but none can do more than control its symptoms because of its numerous unknown mechanisms. The lack of validated testing models or a defined psoriatic phenotypic profile hinders antipsoriatic drug development. Despite their intricacy, immune-mediated diseases have no improved and precise treatment. The treatment actions may now be predicted for psoriasis and other chronic hyperproliferative skin illnesses using animal models. Their findings confirmed that a psoriasis animal model could mimic a few disease conditions. However, their ethical approval concerns and inability to resemble human psoriasis rightly offer to look for more alternatives. Hence, in this article, we have reported various cutting-edge techniques for the preclinical testing of pharmaceutical products for the treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Yadav
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India; Raipur Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sarona, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
| | - Deependra Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
| | - Manju Rawat Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
| | - Sunita Minz
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, India
| | | | - Sucheta
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, K. R. Mangalam University, Gurugram, Haryana 122103, India
| | - Renu Yadav
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, K. R. Mangalam University, Gurugram, Haryana 122103, India
| | - Lalitkumar Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Kantrol Kumar Sahu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281406, India
| | - Anindya Bagchi
- Tumor Initiation & Maintenance Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nagendra Singh Chauhan
- Drugs Testing Laboratory Avam Anusandhan Kendra (AYUSH), Government Ayurvedic College, Raipur, India
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Hofmann E, Schwarz A, Fink J, Kamolz LP, Kotzbeck P. Modelling the Complexity of Human Skin In Vitro. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030794. [PMID: 36979772 PMCID: PMC10045055 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin serves as an important barrier protecting the body from physical, chemical and pathogenic hazards as well as regulating the bi-directional transport of water, ions and nutrients. In order to improve the knowledge on skin structure and function as well as on skin diseases, animal experiments are often employed, but anatomical as well as physiological interspecies differences may result in poor translatability of animal-based data to the clinical situation. In vitro models, such as human reconstructed epidermis or full skin equivalents, are valuable alternatives to animal experiments. Enormous advances have been achieved in establishing skin models of increasing complexity in the past. In this review, human skin structures are described as well as the fast evolving technologies developed to reconstruct the complexity of human skin structures in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Hofmann
- COREMED—Centre of Regenerative and Precision Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Research Unit for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Reconstruction, Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Schwarz
- COREMED—Centre of Regenerative and Precision Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Research Unit for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Reconstruction, Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Julia Fink
- COREMED—Centre of Regenerative and Precision Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Research Unit for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Reconstruction, Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Lars-Peter Kamolz
- COREMED—Centre of Regenerative and Precision Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Petra Kotzbeck
- COREMED—Centre of Regenerative and Precision Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Research Unit for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Reconstruction, Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence:
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Mulder PPG, Raktoe RS, Vlig M, Elgersma A, Middelkoop E, Boekema BKHL. Full Skin Equivalent Models for Simulation of Burn Wound Healing, Exploring Skin Regeneration and Cytokine Response. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:29. [PMID: 36662076 PMCID: PMC9864292 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Healing of burn injury is a complex process that often leads to the development of functional and aesthetic complications. To study skin regeneration in more detail, organotypic skin models, such as full skin equivalents (FSEs) generated from dermal matrices, can be used. Here, FSEs were generated using de-epidermalized dermis (DED) and collagen matrices MatriDerm® and Mucomaix®. Our aim was to validate the MatriDerm- and Mucomaix-based FSEs for the use as in vitro models of wound healing. Therefore, we first characterized the FSEs in terms of skin development and cell proliferation. Proper dermal and epidermal morphogenesis was established in all FSEs and was comparable to ex vivo human skin models. Extension of culture time improved the organization of the epidermal layers and the basement membrane in MatriDerm-based FSE but resulted in rapid degradation of the Mucomaix-based FSE. After applying a standardized burn injury to the models, re-epithelization occurred in the DED- and MatriDerm-based FSEs at 2 weeks after injury, similar to ex vivo human skin. High levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were present in the culture media of all models, but no significant differences were observed between models. We anticipate that these animal-free in vitro models can facilitate research on skin regeneration and can be used to test therapeutic interventions in a preclinical setting to improve wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick P. G. Mulder
- Preclinical Research, Association of Dutch Burn Centres (ADBC), P.O. Box 1015, 1940 AE Beverwijk, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rajiv S. Raktoe
- Preclinical Research, Association of Dutch Burn Centres (ADBC), P.O. Box 1015, 1940 AE Beverwijk, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Vlig
- Preclinical Research, Association of Dutch Burn Centres (ADBC), P.O. Box 1015, 1940 AE Beverwijk, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk Elgersma
- Preclinical Research, Association of Dutch Burn Centres (ADBC), P.O. Box 1015, 1940 AE Beverwijk, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Middelkoop
- Preclinical Research, Association of Dutch Burn Centres (ADBC), P.O. Box 1015, 1940 AE Beverwijk, The Netherlands
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Tissue Function and Regeneration, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bouke K. H. L. Boekema
- Preclinical Research, Association of Dutch Burn Centres (ADBC), P.O. Box 1015, 1940 AE Beverwijk, The Netherlands
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Mohseni Garakani M, Cooke ME, Weber MH, Wertheimer MR, Ajji A, Rosenzweig DH. A 3D, Compartmental Tumor-Stromal Microenvironment Model of Patient-Derived Bone Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010160. [PMID: 36613604 PMCID: PMC9820116 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a frequent site of tumor metastasis. The bone-tumor microenvironment is heterogeneous and complex in nature. Such complexity is compounded by relations between metastatic and bone cells influencing their sensitivity/resistance to chemotherapeutics. Standard chemotherapeutics may not show efficacy for every patient, and new therapeutics are slow to emerge, owing to the limitations of existing 2D/3D models. We previously developed a 3D interface model for personalized therapeutic screening, consisting of an electrospun poly lactic acid mesh activated with plasma species and seeded with stromal cells. Tumor cells embedded in an alginate-gelatin hydrogel are overlaid to create a physiologic 3D interface. Here, we applied our 3D model as a migration assay tool to verify the migratory behavior of different patient-derived bone metastasized cells. We assessed the impact of two different chemotherapeutics, Doxorubicin and Cisplatin, on migration of patient cells and their immortalized cell line counterparts. We observed different migratory behaviors and cellular metabolic activities blocked with both Doxorubicin and Cisplatin treatment; however, higher efficiency or lower IC50 was observed with Doxorubicin. Gene expression analysis of MDA-MB231 that migrated through our 3D hybrid model verified epithelial-mesenchymal transition through increased expression of mesenchymal markers involved in the metastasis process. Our findings indicate that we can model tumor migration in vivo, in line with different cell characteristics and it may be a suitable drug screening tool for personalized medicine approaches in metastatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoureh Mohseni Garakani
- Chemical Engineering Department, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T1J4, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Megan E. Cooke
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
- Injury, Repair and Recovery Program, Research Institute of McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Michael H. Weber
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
- Injury, Repair and Recovery Program, Research Institute of McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Michael R. Wertheimer
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T1J4, Canada
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Abdellah Ajji
- Chemical Engineering Department, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T1J4, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T1J4, Canada
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (D.H.R.); Tel.: +1-514-934-1934 (ext. 43238) (D.H.R.)
| | - Derek H. Rosenzweig
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
- Injury, Repair and Recovery Program, Research Institute of McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (D.H.R.); Tel.: +1-514-934-1934 (ext. 43238) (D.H.R.)
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Dash BC, Korutla L, Vallabhajosyula P, Hsia HC. Unlocking the Potential of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Wound Healing: The Next Frontier of Regenerative Medicine. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2022; 11:622-638. [PMID: 34155919 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2021.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Significance: Nonhealing wounds are a significant burden for the health care system all over the world. Existing treatment options are not enough to promote healing, highlighting the urgent need for improved therapies. In addition, the current advancements in tissue-engineered skin constructs and stem cell-based therapies are facing significant hurdles due to the absence of a renewable source of functional cells. Recent Advances: Induced pluripotent stem cell technology (iPSC) is emerging as a novel tool to develop the next generation of personalized medicine for the treatment of chronic wounds. The iPSC provides unlimited access to various skin cells to generate complex personalized three-dimensional skin constructs for disease modeling and autologous grafts. Furthermore, the iPSC-based therapies can target distinct wound healing phases and have shown accelerating wound closure by enhancing angiogenesis, cell migration, tissue regeneration, and modulating inflammation. Critical Issues: Since the last decade, iPSC has been revolutionizing the field of wound healing and skin tissue engineering. Despite the current progress, safety and heterogeneity among iPSC lines are still major hurdles in addition to the lack of large animal studies. These challenges need to be addressed before translating an iPSC-based therapy to the clinic. Future Directions: Future considerations should be given to performing large animal studies to check the safety and efficiency of iPSC-based therapy in a wound healing setup. Furthermore, strategies should be developed to overcome variation between hiPSC lines, develop an efficient manufacturing process for iPSC-derived products, and generate complex skin constructs with vasculature and skin appendages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biraja C Dash
- Department of Surgery (Plastic), Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Laxminarayana Korutla
- Department of Surgery (Cardiac), Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Prashanth Vallabhajosyula
- Department of Surgery (Cardiac), Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Henry C Hsia
- Department of Surgery (Plastic), Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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11
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Sun S, Jin L, Zheng Y, Zhu J. Modeling human HSV infection via a vascularized immune-competent skin-on-chip platform. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5481. [PMID: 36123328 PMCID: PMC9485166 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33114-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) naturally infects skin and mucosal surfaces, causing lifelong recurrent disease worldwide, with no cure or vaccine. Biomimetic human tissue and organ platforms provide attractive alternatives over animal models to recapitulate human diseases. Combining prevascularization and microfluidic approaches, we present a vascularized, three-dimensional skin-on-chip that mimics human skin architecture and is competent to immune-cell and drug perfusion. The endothelialized microvasculature embedded in a fibroblast-containing dermis responds to biological stimulation, while the cornified epidermis functions as a protective barrier. HSV infection of the skin-on-chip displays tissue-level key morphological and pathophysiological features typical of genital herpes infection in humans, including the production of proinflammatory cytokine IL-8, which triggers rapid neutrophil trans-endothelial extravasation and directional migration. Importantly, perfusion with the antiviral drug acyclovir inhibits HSV infection in a dose-dependent and time-sensitive manner. Thus, our vascularized skin-on-chip represents a promising platform for human HSV disease modeling and preclinical therapeutic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, USA
| | - Lei Jin
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, USA
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Jia Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA.
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, USA.
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
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12
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Shin GJE, Abaci HE, Smith MC. Cellular Pathogenesis of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: Insights From Drosophila and Human-Engineered Skin Models. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2022; 3:912977. [PMID: 35875478 PMCID: PMC9304629 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.912977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a highly prevalent and complex condition arising from chemotherapy cancer treatments. Currently, there are no treatment or prevention options in the clinic. CIPN accompanies pain-related sensory functions starting from the hands and feet. Studies focusing on neurons in vitro and in vivo models significantly advanced our understanding of CIPN pathological mechanisms. However, given the direct toxicity shown in both neurons and non-neuronal cells, effective in vivo or in vitro models that allow the investigation of neurons in their local environment are required. No single model can provide a complete solution for the required investigation, therefore, utilizing a multi-model approach would allow complementary advantages of different models and robustly validate findings before further translation. This review aims first to summarize approaches and insights from CIPN in vivo models utilizing small model organisms. We will focus on Drosophila melanogaster CIPN models that are genetically amenable and accessible to study neuronal interactions with the local environment in vivo. Second, we will discuss how these findings could be tested in physiologically relevant vertebrate models. We will focus on in vitro approaches using human cells and summarize the current understanding of engineering approaches that may allow the investigation of pathological changes in neurons and the skin environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Ji-eun Shin
- Zuckerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute, Jerome L. Greene Science Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Grace Ji-eun Shin
| | - Hasan Erbil Abaci
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Medical Center, Saint Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY, United States
| | - Madison Christine Smith
- Zuckerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute, Jerome L. Greene Science Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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The efficacy of a paeoniflorin-sodium alginate-gelatin skin scaffold for the treatment of diabetic wound: An in vivo study in a rat model. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113165. [PMID: 35609370 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy of a paeoniflorin-sodium alginate (SA)-gelatin skin scaffold for treating diabetic wound in a rat model. METHODS Bioinks were prepared using various percentages of paeoniflorin in the total weight of a solution containing SA and gelatin. Skin scaffolds containing 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, and 10% paeoniflorin were printed using 3D bioprinting technology, and scaffold microstructure was observed with scanning electron microscopy. Skin scaffolds were then used in rats with diabetic wounds. H&E staining, Masson staining, and immunohistochemical staining for IL-1β and CD31 were performed on days 7 and 14. RESULTS All skin scaffolds had a mesh-like structure with uniform pore distribution. Wounds healed well in each group, with the 1% and 3% groups demonstrating the most complete healing. H&E staining showed that skin accessory organs had appeared in each group. On day 7, collagen deposition in the 3% group was higher than in the other groups (P<0.05), and IL-1β infiltration was lower in the 10% group than in the 3% group (P = 0.002). On day 14, IL-1β infiltration was not significantly different between the 10% and 3% groups (P = 0.078). The CD31 level was higher in the 3% group than in the other groups on days 7 and 14 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION A 3% paeoniflorin-SA-gelatin skin scaffold promoted the healing of diabetic wounds in rats. This scaffold promoted collagen deposition and microvascular regeneration and demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting that this scaffold type could be used to treat diabetic wounds.
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Simard M, Tremblay A, Morin S, Martin C, Julien P, Fradette J, Flamand N, Pouliot R. α-Linolenic acid and linoleic acid modulate the lipidome and the skin barrier of a tissue-engineered skin model. Acta Biomater 2022; 140:261-274. [PMID: 34808417 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play an important role in the establishment and the maintenance of the skin barrier function. However, the impact of their derived lipid mediators remains unclear. Skin substitutes were engineered according to the self-assembly method with a culture medium supplemented with 10 μM of both α-linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA). The supplementation with ALA and LA decreased testosterone absorption through a tissue-engineered reconstructed skin model, thus indicating an improved skin barrier function following supplementation. The exogenously provided fatty acids were incorporated into the phospholipid and triglyceride fractions of the skin substitutes. Indeed, the dual supplementation increased the levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (15-fold), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) (3-fold), and LA (1.5-fold) in the epidermal phospholipids while it increased the levels of ALA (>20-fold), DPA (3-fold) and LA (1.5-fold) in the epidermal triglycerides. The bioactive lipid mediator profile of the skin substitutes, including prostaglandins, hydroxy-fatty acids, N-acylethanolamines and monoacylglycerols, was next analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The lipid supplementation further modulated bioactive lipid mediator levels of the reconstructed skin substitutes, leading to a lipid mediator profile more representative of the one found in normal human skin. These findings show that an optimized supply of PUFAs via culture media is essential for the establishment of improved barrier function in vitro. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Supplementation of the culture medium with 10 μM of both α-linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA) improved the skin barrier function of a tissue-engineered skin model. The exogenously provided fatty acids were incorporated into the phospholipid and triglyceride fractions of the skin substitutes and further modulated bioactive lipid mediator levels, including prostaglandins, hydroxy-fatty acids, N-acylethanolamines and monoacylglycerols. These findings highlight the important role of ALA and LA in skin homeostasis and show that an optimized supply of polyunsaturated fatty acids via culture media is essential for the establishment of improved barrier function in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Simard
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Axe médecine régénératrice, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1J 1Z4, Canada; Faculté de pharmacie de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1J 1A4, Canada
| | - Andréa Tremblay
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Axe médecine régénératrice, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1J 1Z4, Canada; Faculté de pharmacie de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1J 1A4, Canada
| | - Sophie Morin
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Axe médecine régénératrice, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1J 1Z4, Canada; Faculté de pharmacie de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1J 1A4, Canada
| | - Cyril Martin
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada; Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Julien
- Département de médecine, Faculté de médecine de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada; Axe Endocrinologie et Néphrologie, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1J 1A4, Canada
| | - Julie Fradette
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Axe médecine régénératrice, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1J 1Z4, Canada; Département de chirurgie, Faculté de médecine de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Nicolas Flamand
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada; Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Roxane Pouliot
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Axe médecine régénératrice, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1J 1Z4, Canada; Faculté de pharmacie de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1J 1A4, Canada.
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15
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Cappellozza E, Boschi F, Sguizzato M, Esposito E, Cortesi R, Malatesta M, Calderan L. A spectrofluorometric analysis to evaluate transcutaneous biodistribution of fluorescent nanoparticulate gel formulations. Eur J Histochem 2022; 66. [PMID: 35130675 PMCID: PMC8859714 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2022.3321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The investigation of the absorption of drug delivery systems, designed for the transport of therapeutic molecules inside the body, could be relatively simplified by the fluorophore association and tracking by means of bio-imaging techniques (i.e., optical in vivo imaging or confocal and multiphoton microscopy). However, when a fluorescence signal comes out from the skin, its specific detection can be problematic. Skin high autofluorescence can hinder the observation of administered exogenous fluorophores conjugated to drug delivery systems, making it more challenging to detect their biodistribution. In the present study, we have developed a method based on the spectrofluorometric analysis of skin samples to discriminate the fluorescent signal coming from administered fluorescent molecules from the background. Moreover, we gave a semi-quantitative evaluation of the signal intensity. Thus, we distinguished two gel formulations loading the fluorophore rhodamine B (called GEL RHO and GEL SLN-RHO). The two formulations of gels, one of which containing solid lipid nanoparticles (GEL RHO-SLN), were administered on skin explants incubated in a bioreactor, and the penetration was evaluated at different time points (2 and 6 hours). Cryostatic sections of skin samples were observed with confocal laser scanning microscopy, and a spectrofluorometric analysis was performed. Significantly higher signal intensity in the samples administered with SLN-RHO GEL, with a preferential accumulation in the hair bulbs, was found. Reaching also the deeper layers of the hair shaft after 6 hours, the solid lipid nanoparticles thickened with polymer represent a suitable drug delivery system for transcutaneous administration.
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Evtushenko NA, Beilin AK, Kosykh AV, Vorotelyak EA, Gurskaya NG. Keratins as an Inflammation Trigger Point in Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212446. [PMID: 34830328 PMCID: PMC8624175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is a group of inherited keratinopathies that, in most cases, arise due to mutations in keratins and lead to intraepidermal ruptures. The cellular pathology of most EBS subtypes is associated with the fragility of the intermediate filament network, cytolysis of the basal layer of the epidermis, or attenuation of hemidesmosomal/desmosomal components. Mutations in keratins 5/14 or in other genes that encode associated proteins induce structural disarrangements of different strengths depending on their locations in the genes. Keratin aggregates display impaired dynamics of assembly and diminished solubility and appear to be the trigger for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress upon being phosphorylated by MAPKs. Global changes in cellular signaling mainly occur in cases of severe dominant EBS mutations. The spectrum of changes initiated by phosphorylation includes the inhibition of proteasome degradation, TNF-α signaling activation, deregulated proliferation, abnormal cell migration, and impaired adherence of keratinocytes. ER stress also leads to the release of proinflammatory danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecules, which enhance avalanche-like inflammation. Many instances of positive feedback in the course of cellular stress and the development of sterile inflammation led to systemic chronic inflammation in EBS. This highlights the role of keratin in the maintenance of epidermal and immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda A. Evtushenko
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.E.); (A.K.B.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Arkadii K. Beilin
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.E.); (A.K.B.); (A.V.K.)
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 26, 119334 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Anastasiya V. Kosykh
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.E.); (A.K.B.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Vorotelyak
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 26, 119334 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Nadya G. Gurskaya
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.E.); (A.K.B.); (A.V.K.)
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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17
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Mathew NT, Mathachan SR. The potential of microfluidic devices in dermatology. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 20:4068-4069. [PMID: 34628710 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nithin Tom Mathew
- Mechanical Engineering, Work Integrated Learning Programmes Division, BITS Pilani, Pilani, India
| | - Sinu Rose Mathachan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
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18
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Grambow E, Sorg H, Sorg CGG, Strüder D. Experimental Models to Study Skin Wound Healing with a Focus on Angiogenesis. Med Sci (Basel) 2021; 9:medsci9030055. [PMID: 34449673 PMCID: PMC8395822 DOI: 10.3390/medsci9030055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of models are now available for the investigation of skin wound healing. These can be used to study the processes that take place in a phase-specific manner under both physiological and pathological conditions. Most models focus on wound closure, which is a crucial parameter for wound healing. However, vascular supply plays an equally important role and corresponding models for selective or parallel investigation of microcirculation regeneration and angiogenesis are also described. In this review article, we therefore focus on the different levels of investigation of skin wound healing (in vivo to in virtuo) and the investigation of angiogenesis and its parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eberhard Grambow
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic, Vascular and Transplantation Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Heiko Sorg
- Department of Health, University of Witten/Herdecke, Alfred-Herrhausen-Str. 50, 58455 Witten, Germany;
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Klinikum Westfalen, Am Knappschaftskrankenhaus 1, 44309 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christian G. G. Sorg
- Chair of Management and Innovation in Health Care, Department of Management and Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Management, Economics and Society, Witten/Herdecke University, Alfred-Herrhausen-Straße 50, 58455 Witten, Germany;
| | - Daniel Strüder
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery “Otto Körner”, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
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19
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Cappellozza E, Zanzoni S, Malatesta M, Calderan L. Integrated Microscopy and Metabolomics to Test an Innovative Fluid Dynamic System for Skin Explants In Vitro. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2021; 27:923-934. [PMID: 34311807 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927621012010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro models are receiving growing attention in studies on skin permeation, penetration, and irritancy, especially for the preclinical development of new transcutaneous drugs. However, synthetic membranes or cell cultures are unable to effectively mimic the permeability and absorption features of the cutaneous barrier. The use of explanted skin samples maintained in a fluid dynamic environment would make it possible for an in vitro experimentation closer to in vivo physiological conditions. To this aim, in the present study, we have modified a bioreactor designed for cell culture to host explanted skin samples. The preservation of the skin was evaluated by combining light, transmission, and scanning electron microscopy, for the histo/cytological characterization, with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, for the identification in the culture medium of metabolites indicative of the functional state of the explants. Our morphological and metabolomics results demonstrated that fluid dynamic conditions ameliorate significantly the structural and functional preservation of skin explants in comparison with conventional culture conditions. Our in vitro system is, therefore, reliable to test novel therapeutic agents intended for transdermal administration in skin samples from biopsies or surgical materials, providing predictive information suitable for focused in vivo research and reducing animal experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Cappellozza
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Verona, Verona37134, Italy
| | - Serena Zanzoni
- Centro Piattaforme Tecnologiche, Spectroscopy, Diffractometry and Molecular Interaction Study Platform, University of Verona, Verona37100, Italy
| | - Manuela Malatesta
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Verona, Verona37134, Italy
| | - Laura Calderan
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Verona, Verona37134, Italy
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Development and Evaluation of a Human Skin Equivalent in a Semiautomatic Microfluidic Diffusion Chamber. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060910. [PMID: 34202971 PMCID: PMC8235028 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing demand for transdermal transport measurements to optimize topical drug formulations and to achieve proper penetration profile of cosmetic ingredients. Reflecting ethical concerns the use of both human and animal tissues is becoming more restricted. Therefore, the focus of dermal research is shifting towards in vitro assays. In the current proof-of-concept study a three-layer skin equivalent using human HaCaT keratinocytes, an electrospun polycaprolactone mesh and a collagen-I gel was compared to human excised skin samples. We measured the permeability of the samples for 2% caffeine cream using a miniaturized dynamic diffusion cell (“skin-on-a-chip” microfluidic device). Caffeine delivery exhibits similar transport kinetics through the artificial skin and the human tissue: after a rapid rise, a long-lasting high concentration steady state develops. This is markedly distinct from the kinetics measured when using cell-free constructs, where a shorter release was observable. These results imply that both the established skin equivalent and the microfluidic diffusion chamber can serve as a suitable base for further development of more complex tissue substitutes.
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21
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Mechanical and Immunological Regulation in Wound Healing and Skin Reconstruction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115474. [PMID: 34067386 PMCID: PMC8197020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, a new frontier in scarless wound healing has arisen because of significant advances in the field of wound healing realised by incorporating emerging concepts from mechanobiology and immunology. The complete integumentary organ system (IOS) regeneration and scarless wound healing mechanism, which occurs in specific species, body sites and developmental stages, clearly shows that mechanical stress signals and immune responses play important roles in determining the wound healing mode. Advances in tissue engineering technology have led to the production of novel human skin equivalents and organoids that reproduce cell–cell interactions with tissue-scale tensional homeostasis, and enable us to evaluate skin tissue morphology, functionality, drug response and wound healing. This breakthrough in tissue engineering has the potential to accelerate the understanding of wound healing control mechanisms through complex mechanobiological and immunological interactions. In this review, we present an overview of recent studies of biomechanical and immunological wound healing and tissue remodelling mechanisms through comparisons of species- and developmental stage-dependent wound healing mechanisms. We also discuss the possibility of elucidating the control mechanism of wound healing involving mechanobiological and immunological interaction by using next-generation human skin equivalents.
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22
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Salameh S, Tissot N, Cache K, Lima J, Suzuki I, Marinho PA, Rielland M, Soeur J, Takeuchi S, Germain S, Breton L. A perfusable vascularized full-thickness skin model for potential topical and systemic applications. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [PMID: 33910175 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abfca8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vascularization of reconstructed tissues is one of the remaining hurdles to be considered to improve both the functionality and viability of skin grafts and the relevance ofin vitroapplications. Our study, therefore, sought to develop a perfusable vascularized full-thickness skin equivalent that comprises a more complex blood vasculature compared to existing models. We combined molding, auto-assembly and microfluidics techniques in order to create a vascularized skin equivalent representing (a) a differentiated epidermis with a physiological organization and correctly expressing K14, K10, Involucrin, TGM1 and Filaggrin, (b) three perfusable vascular channels with angiogenic sprouts stained with VE-Caderin and Collagen IV, (c) an adjacent microvascular network created via vasculogenesis and connected to the sprouting macrovessels. Histological analysis and immunostaining of CD31, Collagen IV, Perlecan and Laminin proved the integrity of vascular constructs. In order to validate the vascularized skin potential of topical and systemic applications, caffeine and minoxidil, two compounds with different chemical properties, were topically applied to measure skin permeability and benzo[a]pyrene pollutant was systemically applied to evaluate systemic delivery. Our results demonstrated that perfusion of skin reconstructs and the presence of a complex vascular plexus resulted in a more predictive and reliable model to assess respectively topical and systemic applications. This model is therefore aimed at furthering drug discovery and improving clinical translation in dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacha Salameh
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France.,Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Tissot
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Kevin Cache
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Joaquim Lima
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Itaru Suzuki
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | | | - Maité Rielland
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Jérémie Soeur
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Shoji Takeuchi
- Department of Mechano-Informatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Stéphane Germain
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Lionel Breton
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
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23
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Abreu CM, Gasperini L, Lago MEL, Reis RL, Marques AP. Microscopy-guided laser ablation for the creation of complex skin models with folliculoid appendages. Bioeng Transl Med 2021; 6:e10195. [PMID: 34027085 PMCID: PMC8126819 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineering complex tissues requires the use of advanced biofabrication techniques that allow the replication of the tissue's 3D microenvironment, architecture and cellular interactions. In the case of skin, the most successful strategies to introduce the complexity of hair follicle (HF) appendages have highlighted the importance of facilitating direct interaction between dermal papilla (DP) cells and keratinocytes (KCs) in organotypic skin models. In this work, we took advantage of microscopy-guided laser ablation (MGLA) to microfabricate a fibroblast-populated collagen hydrogel and create a subcompartment that guides the migration of KCs and lead their interaction with DP cells to recreate follicular structures. Upon definition of the processing parameters (laser incidence area and power), MGLA was used to create 3D microchannels from the surface of a standard organotypic human skin model up to the aggregates containing DP cells and KCs, previously incorporated into the dermal-like fibroblast-collagen layer. Analysis of the constructs showed that the fabricated microfeatures successfully guided the fusion between epidermal and aggregates keratinocytes, which differentiated into follicular-like structures within the organotypic human skin model, increasing its functionality. In summary, we demonstrate the fabrication of a highly structured 3D hydrogel-based construct using MGLA to attain a complex skin model bearing folliculoid structures, highlighting its potential use as an in vitro platform to study the mechanisms controlling HF development or for the screening of bioactive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M. Abreu
- 3B's Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of MinhoGuimarãesPortugal
- ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
| | - Luca Gasperini
- 3B's Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of MinhoGuimarãesPortugal
- ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
| | - Manuela E. L. Lago
- 3B's Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of MinhoGuimarãesPortugal
- ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of MinhoGuimarãesPortugal
- ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
| | - Alexandra P. Marques
- 3B's Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of MinhoGuimarãesPortugal
- ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
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24
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Fritsche E, Haarmann-Stemmann T, Kapr J, Galanjuk S, Hartmann J, Mertens PR, Kämpfer AAM, Schins RPF, Tigges J, Koch K. Stem Cells for Next Level Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2006252. [PMID: 33354870 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The call for a paradigm change in toxicology from the United States National Research Council in 2007 initiates awareness for the invention and use of human-relevant alternative methods for toxicological hazard assessment. Simple 2D in vitro systems may serve as first screening tools, however, recent developments infer the need for more complex, multicellular organotypic models, which are superior in mimicking the complexity of human organs. In this review article most critical organs for toxicity assessment, i.e., skin, brain, thyroid system, lung, heart, liver, kidney, and intestine are discussed with regards to their functions in health and disease. Embracing the manifold modes-of-action how xenobiotic compounds can interfere with physiological organ functions and cause toxicity, the need for translation of such multifaceted organ features into the dish seems obvious. Currently used in vitro methods for toxicological applications and ongoing developments not yet arrived in toxicity testing are discussed, especially highlighting the potential of models based on embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells of human origin. Finally, the application of innovative technologies like organs-on-a-chip and genome editing point toward a toxicological paradigm change moves into action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Fritsche
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | | | - Julia Kapr
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Saskia Galanjuk
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Julia Hartmann
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Peter R Mertens
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, 39106, Germany
| | - Angela A M Kämpfer
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Roel P F Schins
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Julia Tigges
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Katharina Koch
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
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25
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The triad of nanotechnology, cell signalling, and scaffold implantation for the successful repair of damaged organs: An overview on soft-tissue engineering. J Control Release 2021; 332:460-492. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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26
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Ponmozhi J, Dhinakaran S, Varga-Medveczky Z, Fónagy K, Bors LA, Iván K, Erdő F. Development of Skin-On-A-Chip Platforms for Different Utilizations: Factors to Be Considered. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12030294. [PMID: 33802208 PMCID: PMC8001759 DOI: 10.3390/mi12030294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in miniaturized technologies in diagnostics, therapeutic testing, and biomedicinal fundamental research. The same is true for the dermal studies in topical drug development, dermatological disease pathology testing, and cosmetic science. This review aims to collect the recent scientific literature and knowledge about the application of skin-on-a-chip technology in drug diffusion studies, in pharmacological and toxicological experiments, in wound healing, and in fields of cosmetic science (ageing or repair). The basic mathematical models are also presented in the article to predict physical phenomena, such as fluid movement, drug diffusion, and heat transfer taking place across the dermal layers in the chip using Computational Fluid Dynamics techniques. Soon, it can be envisioned that animal studies might be at least in part replaced with skin-on-a-chip technology leading to more reliable results close to study on humans. The new technology is a cost-effective alternative to traditional methods used in research institutes, university labs, and industry. With this article, the authors would like to call attention to a new investigational family of platforms to refresh the researchers’ theranostics and preclinical, experimental toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Ponmozhi
- Microfluidics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, IPS Academy-Institute of Engineering Science, Indore 452012, India;
| | - S. Dhinakaran
- The Centre for Fluid Dynamics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453552, India;
| | - Zsófia Varga-Medveczky
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Práter u. 50a., 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.V.-M.); (K.F.); (L.A.B.); (K.I.)
| | - Katalin Fónagy
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Práter u. 50a., 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.V.-M.); (K.F.); (L.A.B.); (K.I.)
| | - Luca Anna Bors
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Práter u. 50a., 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.V.-M.); (K.F.); (L.A.B.); (K.I.)
- Heart and Vascular Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kristóf Iván
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Práter u. 50a., 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.V.-M.); (K.F.); (L.A.B.); (K.I.)
| | - Franciska Erdő
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Práter u. 50a., 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.V.-M.); (K.F.); (L.A.B.); (K.I.)
- Correspondence:
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27
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Decarli MC, do Amaral RLF, Dos Santos DP, Tofani LB, Katayama E, Rezende RA, Silva JVLD, Swiech K, Suazo CAT, Mota C, Moroni L, Moraes ÂM. Cell spheroids as a versatile research platform: formation mechanisms, high throughput production, characterization and applications. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [PMID: 33592595 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abe6f2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional cell culture has tremendous advantages to closely mimic the in vivo architecture and microenvironment of healthy tissue and organs, as well as of solid tumors. Spheroids are currently the most attractive 3D model to produce uniform reproducible cell structures as well as a potential basis for engineering large tissues and complex organs. In this review we discuss, from an engineering perspective, processes to obtain uniform 3D cell spheroids, comparing dynamic and static cultures and considering aspects such as mass transfer and shear stress. In addition, computational and mathematical modelling of complex cell spheroid systems are discussed. The non-cell-adhesive hydrogel-based method and dynamic cell culture in bioreactors are focused in detail and the myriad of developed spheroid characterization techniques is presented. The main bottlenecks and weaknesses are discussed, especially regarding the analysis of morphological parameters, cell quantification and viability, gene expression profiles, metabolic behavior and high-content analysis. Finally, a vast set of applications of spheroids as tools for in vitro study model systems is examined, including drug screening, tissue formation, pathologies development, tissue engineering and biofabrication, 3D bioprinting and microfluidics, together with their use in high-throughput platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monize Caiado Decarli
- School of Chemical Engineering/Department of Engineering of Materials and of Bioprocesses, University of Campinas, Av. Albert Einstein, 500 - Bloco A - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, 13083-852, BRAZIL
| | - Robson Luis Ferraz do Amaral
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto/Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, no number, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, BRAZIL
| | - Diogo Peres Dos Santos
- Departament of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz (SP-310), km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, BRAZIL
| | - Larissa Bueno Tofani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto/Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, no number, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, BRAZIL
| | - Eric Katayama
- Departament of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz (SP-310), km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, BRAZIL
| | - Rodrigo Alvarenga Rezende
- Centro de Tecnologia da Informacao Renato Archer, Rod. Dom Pedro I (SP-65), km 143,6 - Amarais, Campinas, SP, 13069-901, BRAZIL
| | - Jorge Vicente Lopes da Silva
- Centro de Tecnologia da Informacao Renato Archer, Rod. Dom Pedro I (SP-65), km 143,6 - Amarais, Campinas, SP, 13069-901, BRAZIL
| | - Kamilla Swiech
- University of Sao Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto/Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14040-903, BRAZIL
| | - Cláudio Alberto Torres Suazo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz (SP-310), km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, BRAZIL
| | - Carlos Mota
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration (CTR), University of Maastricht , Universiteitssingel, 40, office 3.541A, Maastricht, 6229 ER, NETHERLANDS
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht University, Universiteitsingel, 40, Maastricht, 6229ER, NETHERLANDS
| | - Ângela Maria Moraes
- School of Chemical Engineering/Department of Engineering of Materials and of Bioprocesses, University of Campinas, Av. Albert Einstein, 500 - Bloco A - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, 13083-852, BRAZIL
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Abstract
The skin is a passive and active barrier which protects the body from the environment. Its health is essential for the accomplishment of this role. Since several decades, the skin has aroused a strong interest in various fields (for e.g. cell biology, medicine, toxicology, cosmetology, and pharmacology). In contrast to other organs, 3D models were mostly and directly elaborated in humans due to its architectural simplicity and easy accessibility. The development of these models benefited from the societal pressure to reduce animal experiments. In this review, we first describe human and mouse skin structure and the major differences with other mammals and birds. Next, we describe the different 3D human skin models and their main applications. Finally, we review the available models for domestic animals and discuss the current and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Souci
- ISP, INRAE, Université de Tours, Equipe BioVA, Centre Val de Loire, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Caroline Denesvre
- ISP, INRAE, Université de Tours, Equipe BioVA, Centre Val de Loire, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
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29
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Ejiugwo M, Rochev Y, Gethin G, O'Connor G. Toward Developing Immunocompetent Diabetic Foot Ulcer-on-a-Chip Models for Drug Testing. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2021; 27:77-88. [PMID: 33406980 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2020.0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioengineering of skin has been significantly explored, ranging from the use of traditional cell culture systems to the most recent organ-on-a-chip (OoC) technology that permits skin modeling on physiological scales among other benefits. This article presents key considerations for developing physiologically relevant immunocompetent diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) models. Diabetic foot ulceration affects hundreds of millions of individuals globally, especially the elderly, and constitutes a major socioeconomic burden. When DFUs are not treated and managed in a timely manner, 15-50% of patients tend to undergo partial or complete amputation of the affected limb. Consequently, at least 40% of such patients die within 5 years postamputation. Currently, therapeutic strategies are actively sought and developed. However, present-day preclinical platforms (animals and in vitro models) are not robust enough to provide reliable data for clinical trials. Insights from published works on immunocompetent skin-on-a-chip models and bioengineering considerations, presented in this article, can inform researchers on how to develop robust OoC models for testing topical therapies such as growth factor-based therapies for DFUs. We propose that immunocompetent DFU-on-a-chip models should be bioengineered using diseased cells derived from individuals; in particular, the pathophysiological contribution of macrophages in diabetic wound healing, along with the typical fibroblasts and keratinocytes, needs to be recapitulated. The ideal model should consist of the following components: diseased cells embedded in reproducible scaffolds, which permit endogenous "diseased" extracellular matrix deposition, and the integration of the derived immunocompetent DFU model onto a microfluidic platform. The proposed DFU platforms will eventually facilitate reliable and robust drug testing of wound healing therapeutics, coupled with reduced clinical trial failure rates. Impact statement Current animal and cell-based systems are not physiologically relevant enough to retrieve reliable results for clinical translation of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) therapies. Organ-on-a-chip (OoC) technology offers desirable features that could finally enable the vision of modeling DFU for pathophysiological studies and drug testing at a microscale. This article brings together the significant recent findings relevant to developing a minimally functional immunocompetent DFU-on-a-chip model, as wound healing cannot occur without a proper functioning immune response. It looks feasible in the future to recapitulate the stagnant inflammation in DFU (thought to impede wound healing) using OoC, diseased cells, and an endogenously produced extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Ejiugwo
- SFI CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway City, Ireland.,School of Physics, and National University of Ireland Galway, Galway City, Ireland
| | - Yury Rochev
- SFI CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway City, Ireland.,School of Physics, and National University of Ireland Galway, Galway City, Ireland
| | - Georgina Gethin
- SFI CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway City, Ireland.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway City, Ireland
| | - Gerard O'Connor
- SFI CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway City, Ireland.,School of Physics, and National University of Ireland Galway, Galway City, Ireland
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30
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Sah SK, Kanaujiya JK, Chen IP, Reichenberger EJ. Generation of Keratinocytes from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Under Defined Culture Conditions. Cell Reprogram 2020; 23:1-13. [PMID: 33373529 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2020.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of keratinocytes from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has become an important tool for wound healing research and for studying skin diseases in instances where patient cells are not available. Several keratinocyte differentiation protocols using hiPSC colony fragments or embryoid bodies have been published with some requiring prolonged time for differentiation or extended use of reagent cocktails. In this study, we present a simplified method to efficiently generate large numbers of uniformly differentiated keratinocytes in less than 4 weeks from singularized hiPSCs with differentiation factors, retinoic acid and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4). Low seeding density of singularized iPSCs results in keratinocyte cultures with minimum cell death during differentiation and up to 96% homogeneity for keratin 14-positive cells and low percentage of keratinocyte maturation markers, comparable to early passage primary keratinocytes. hiPSC-derived keratinocytes remain in a proliferative state, can be maintained for prolonged periods of time, and can be terminally differentiated under high calcium conditions in the same way as primary human keratinocytes. Moreover, coculturing hiPSC-derived fibroblasts and keratinocytes consistently formed organotypic 3D skin equivalents. Therefore, keratinocytes generated by this method are a viable source of cells for downstream applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Kishor Sah
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jitendra K Kanaujiya
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - I-Ping Chen
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ernst J Reichenberger
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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31
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Jang S, Ohn J, Kang BM, Park M, Kim KH, Kwon O. "Two-Cell Assemblage" Assay: A Simple in vitro Method for Screening Hair Growth-Promoting Compounds. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:581528. [PMID: 33330459 PMCID: PMC7732514 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.581528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alopecia arises due to inadequate hair follicle (HF) stem cell activation or proliferation, resulting in prolongation of the telogen phase of the hair cycle. Increasing therapeutic and cosmetic demand for alleviating alopecia has driven research toward the discovery or synthesis of novel compounds that can promote hair growth by inducing HF stem cell activation or proliferation and initiating the anagen phase. Although several methods for evaluating the hair growth-promoting effects of candidate compounds are being used, most of these methods are difficult to use for large scale simultaneous screening of various compounds. Herein, we introduce a simple and reliable in vitro assay for the simultaneous screening of the hair growth-promoting effects of candidate compounds on a large scale. In this study, we first established a 3D co-culture system of human dermal papilla (hDP) cells and human outer root sheath (hORS) cells in an ultra-low attachment 96-well plate, where the two cell types constituted a polar elongated structure, named "two-cell assemblage (TCA)." We observed that the long axis length of the TCA gradually increased for 5 days, maintaining biological functional integrity as reflected by the increased expression levels of hair growth-associated genes after treatment with hair growth-promoting molecules. Interestingly, the elongation of the TCA was more prominent following treatment with the hair growth-promoting molecules (which occurred in a dose-dependent manner), compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Accordingly, we set the long axis length of the TCA as an endpoint of this assay, using a micro confocal high-content imaging system to measure the length, which can provide reproducible and reliable results in an adequate timescale. The advantages of this assay are: (i) it is physiologically and practically advantageous as it uses 3D cultured two-type human cells which are easily available; (ii) it is simple as it uses length as the only endpoint; and (iii) it is a high throughput system, which screens various compounds simultaneously. In conclusion, the "TCA" assay could serve as an easy and reliable method to validate the hair growth-promoting effect of a large volume of library molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunhyae Jang
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Human Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jungyoon Ohn
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Human Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bo Mi Kang
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Human Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minji Park
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Human Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyu Han Kim
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Human Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ohsang Kwon
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Human Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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32
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Lee SW, Jung DJ, Jeong GS. Gaining New Biological and Therapeutic Applications into the Liver with 3D In Vitro Liver Models. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 17:731-745. [PMID: 32207030 PMCID: PMC7710770 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-020-00245-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures with architectural and biomechanical properties similar to those of natural tissue have been the focus for generating liver tissue. Microarchitectural organization is believed to be crucial to hepatic function, and 3D cell culture technologies have enabled the construction of tissue-like microenvironments, thereby leading to remarkable progress in vitro models of human tissue and organs. Recently, to recapitulate the 3D architecture of tissues, spheroids and organoids have become widely accepted as new practical tools for 3D organ modeling. Moreover, the combination of bioengineering approach offers the promise to more accurately model the tissue microenvironment of human organs. Indeed, the employment of sophisticated bioengineered liver models show long-term viability and functional enhancements in biochemical parameters and disease-orient outcome. RESULTS Various 3D in vitro liver models have been proposed as a new generation of liver medicine. Likewise, new biomedical engineering approaches and platforms are available to more accurately replicate the in vivo 3D microarchitectures and functions of living organs. This review aims to highlight the recent 3D in vitro liver model systems, including micropatterning, spheroids, and organoids that are either scaffold-based or scaffold-free systems. Finally, we discuss a number of challenges that will need to be addressed moving forward in the field of liver tissue engineering for biomedical applications. CONCLUSION The ongoing development of biomedical engineering holds great promise for generating a 3D biomimetic liver model that recapitulates the physiological and pathological properties of the liver and has biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Woo Lee
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-Ro 43 Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Jung Jung
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-Ro 43 Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Seok Jeong
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-Ro 43 Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-Ro 43 Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
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33
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Tissue-scale tensional homeostasis in skin regulates structure and physiological function. Commun Biol 2020; 3:637. [PMID: 33127987 PMCID: PMC7603398 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01365-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tensional homeostasis is crucial for organ and tissue development, including the establishment of morphological and functional properties. Skin plays essential roles in waterproofing, cushioning and protecting deeper tissues by forming internal tension-distribution patterns, which involves aligning various cells, appendages and extracellular matrices (ECMs). The balance of traction force is thought to contribute to the formation of strong and pliable physical structures that maintain their integrity and flexibility. Here, by using a human skin equivalent (HSE), the horizontal tension-force balance of the dermal layer was found to clearly improve HSE characteristics, such as the physical relationship between cells and the ECM. The tension also promoted skin homeostasis through the activation of mechano-sensitive molecules such as ROCK and MRTF-A, and these results compared favourably to what was observed in tension-released models. Tension-induced HSE will contribute to analyze skin physiological functions regulated by tensional homeostasis as an alternative animal model.
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Moniz T, Costa Lima SA, Reis S. Human skin models: From healthy to disease-mimetic systems; characteristics and applications. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:4314-4329. [PMID: 32608012 PMCID: PMC7484561 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin drug delivery is an emerging route in drug development, leading to an urgent need to understand the behaviour of active pharmaceutical ingredients within the skin. Given, As one of the body's first natural defences, the barrier properties of skin provide an obstacle to the successful outcome of any skin drug therapy. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying this barrier, reductionist strategies have designed several models with different levels of complexity, using non-biological and biological components. Besides the detail of information and resemblance to human skin in vivo, offered by each in vitro model, the technical and economic efforts involved must also be considered when selecting the most suitable model. This review provides an outline of the commonly used skin models, including healthy and diseased conditions, in-house developed and commercialized models, their advantages and limitations, and an overview of the new trends in skin-engineered models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Moniz
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de FarmáciaUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Sofia A. Costa Lima
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de FarmáciaUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Salette Reis
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de FarmáciaUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
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Sutterby E, Thurgood P, Baratchi S, Khoshmanesh K, Pirogova E. Microfluidic Skin-on-a-Chip Models: Toward Biomimetic Artificial Skin. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2002515. [PMID: 33460277 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202002515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The role of skin in the human body is indispensable, serving as a barrier, moderating homeostatic balance, and representing a pronounced endpoint for cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Despite the extensive achievements of in vitro skin models, they do not recapitulate the complexity of human skin; thus, there remains a dependence on animal models during preclinical drug trials, resulting in expensive drug development with high failure rates. By imparting a fine control over the microenvironment and inducing relevant mechanical cues, skin-on-a-chip (SoC) models have circumvented the limitations of conventional cell studies. Enhanced barrier properties, vascularization, and improved phenotypic differentiation have been achieved by SoC models; however, the successful inclusion of appendages such as hair follicles and sweat glands and pigmentation relevance have yet to be realized. The present Review collates the progress of SoC platforms with a focus on their fabrication and the incorporation of mechanical cues, sensors, and blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Sutterby
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Peter Thurgood
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Sara Baratchi
- School of Health and Medical Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | | | - Elena Pirogova
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
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36
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Deal HE, Brown AC, Daniele MA. Microphysiological systems for the modeling of wound healing and evaluation of pro-healing therapies. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:7062-7075. [PMID: 32756718 PMCID: PMC7460719 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00544d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is a multivariate process involving the coordinated response of numerous proteins and cell types. Accordingly, biomedical research has seen an increased adoption of the use of in vitro wound healing assays with complexity beyond that offered by traditional well-plate constructs. These microphysiological systems (MPS) seek to recapitulate one or more physiological features of the in vivo microenvironment, while retaining the analytical capacity of more reductionist assays. Design efforts to achieve relevant wound healing physiology include the use of dynamic perfusion over static culture, the incorporation of multiple cell types, the arrangement of cells in three dimensions, the addition of biomechanically and biochemically relevant hydrogels, and combinations thereof. This review provides a brief overview of the wound healing process and in vivo assays, and we critically review the current state of MPS and supporting technologies for modelling and studying wound healing. We distinguish between MPS that seek to inform a particular phase of wound healing, and constructs that have the potential to inform multiple phases of wound healing. This distinction is a product of whether analysis of a particular process is prioritized, or a particular physiology is prioritized, during design. Material selection is emphasized throughout, and relevant fabrication techniques discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halston E Deal
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 911 Oval Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Ashley C Brown
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 911 Oval Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Michael A Daniele
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 911 Oval Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC 27606, USA and Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, 890 Oval Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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McCrary MW, Bousalis D, Mobini S, Song YH, Schmidt CE. Decellularized tissues as platforms for in vitro modeling of healthy and diseased tissues. Acta Biomater 2020; 111:1-19. [PMID: 32464269 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical engineers are at the forefront of developing novel treatments to improve human health, however, many products fail to translate to clinical implementation. In vivo pre-clinical animal models, although the current best approximation of complex disease conditions, are limited by reproducibility, ethical concerns, and poor accurate prediction of human response. Hence, there is a need to develop physiologically relevant, low cost, scalable, and reproducible in vitro platforms to provide reliable means for testing drugs, biomaterials, and tissue engineered products for successful clinical translation. One emerging approach of developing physiologically relevant in vitro models utilizes decellularized tissues/organs as biomaterial platforms for 2D and 3D models of healthy and diseased tissue. Decellularization is a process that removes cellular content and produces tissue-specific extracellular matrix scaffolds that can more accurately recapitulate an organ/tissue's native microenvironment compared to other natural or synthetic materials. Decellularized tissues hold enormous potential for in vitro modeling of various disease phenotypes and tissue responses to drugs or external conditions such as aging, toxin exposure, or even implantation. In this review, we highlight the need for in vitro models, the advantages and limitations of implementing decellularized tissues, and considerations of the decellularization process. We discuss current research efforts towards applying decellularized tissues as platforms to generate in vitro models of healthy and diseased tissues, and where we foresee the field progressing. A variety of organs/tissues are discussed, including brain, heart, kidney, large intestine, liver, lung, skeletal muscle, skin, and tongue. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Many biomedical products fail to reach clinical translation due to animal model limitations. Development of physiologically relevant in vitro models can provide a more economic, scalable, and reproducible means of testing drugs/therapeutics for successful clinical translation. The use of decellularized tissues as platforms for in vitro models holds promise, as these scaffolds can effectively replicate native tissue complexity, but is not widely explored. This review discusses the need for in vitro models, the promise of decellularized tissues as biomaterial substrates, and the current research applying decellularized tissues towards the creation of in vitro models. Further, this review provides insights into the current limitations and future of such in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela W McCrary
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr. BMS J257, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
| | - Deanna Bousalis
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr. BMS J257, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
| | - Sahba Mobini
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr. BMS J257, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States; Instituto de Micro y Nanotechnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Calle Isaac Newton 8, 28760 Madrid, Tres Cantos, Spain; Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Nicolás Cabrera, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Young Hye Song
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr. BMS J257, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 134 White Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States.
| | - Christine E Schmidt
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr. BMS J257, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
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De Rosa L, Latella MC, Secone Seconetti A, Cattelani C, Bauer JW, Bondanza S, De Luca M. Toward Combined Cell and Gene Therapy for Genodermatoses. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:a035667. [PMID: 31653644 PMCID: PMC7197428 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a035667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To date, more than 200 monogenic, often devastating, skin diseases have been described. Because of unmet medical needs, development of long-lasting and curative therapies has been consistently attempted, with the aim of correcting the underlying molecular defect. In this review, we will specifically address the few combined cell and gene therapy strategies that made it to the clinics. Based on these studies, what can be envisioned for the future is a patient-oriented strategy, built on the specific features of the individual in need. Most likely, a combination of different strategies, approaches, and advanced therapies will be required to reach the finish line at the end of the long and winding road hampering the achievement of definitive treatments for genodermatoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura De Rosa
- Holostem Terapie Avanzate S.r.l., Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari," 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Latella
- Holostem Terapie Avanzate S.r.l., Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari," 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Alessia Secone Seconetti
- Holostem Terapie Avanzate S.r.l., Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari," 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Cecilia Cattelani
- Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari," Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Johann W Bauer
- EB House Austria and Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sergio Bondanza
- Holostem Terapie Avanzate S.r.l., Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari," 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Michele De Luca
- Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari," Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
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Tam J, Purschke M, Fuchs C, Wang Y, Anderson RR. Skin Microcolumns as a Source of Paracrine Signaling Factors. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2020; 9:174-183. [PMID: 32117581 PMCID: PMC7047113 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2019.1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: We recently developed the approach of using “microcolumns” of autologous full-thickness skin tissue for wound repair. The small size of these micro skin tissue columns (MSTCs, ∼0.5 mm in diameter) allows donor sites to heal quickly without scarring. Treatment with MSTCs significantly accelerate wound healing, and suppled various skin cell types and skin structures to replenish the wound volume. This technology is now starting clinical use. In this study, we investigate whether MSTCs may also influence wound healing by releasing soluble signaling factors. Approach: Freshly harvested MSTCs were incubated in culture medium for 24 h. The conditioned medium was collected and tested for its effects on migration and proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts, and its ability to induce tube formation by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Proteins released into the conditioned medium were characterized by multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and compared with medium conditioned by an equivalent mass of intact full-thickness skin. Results: MSTC-conditioned medium increased fibroblast migration and proliferation, as well as HUVEC tube formation. MSTCs released many soluble factors known to play prominent roles in wound healing. A subset of proteins showed significantly different release profiles compared with intact full-thickness skin. Innovation: The technology for harvesting and using MSTCs to augment wound healing was recently developed as an alternative to conventional autologous skin grafting. This study shows that MSTCs could also function as “cytokine factories.” Conclusion: In addition to supplying autologous cells to repopulate the wound volume, MSTCs can also function as a source of growth factors and cytokines to further enhance wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Tam
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Martin Purschke
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christiane Fuchs
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ying Wang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - R. Rox Anderson
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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40
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Shin JU, Abaci HE, Herron L, Guo Z, Sallee B, Pappalardo A, Jackow J, Wang EHC, Doucet Y, Christiano AM. Recapitulating T cell infiltration in 3D psoriatic skin models for patient-specific drug testing. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4123. [PMID: 32139717 PMCID: PMC7057979 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60275-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug screening studies for inflammatory skin diseases are currently performed using model systems that only partially recapitulate human diseased skin. Here, we developed a new strategy to incorporate T cells into human 3D skin constructs (HSCs), which enabled us to closely monitor and quantitate T cell responses. We found that the epidermis promotes the activation and infiltration of T cells into the skin, and provides a directional cue for their selective migration towards the epidermis. We established a psoriatic HSC (pHSC) by incorporating polarized Th1/Th17 cells or CCR6+CLA+ T cells derived from psoriasis patients into the constructs. These pHSCs showed a psoriatic epidermal phenotype and characteristic cytokine profiles, and responded to various classes of psoriasis drugs, highlighting the potential utility of our model as a drug screening platform. Taken together, we developed an advanced immunocompetent 3D skin model to investigate epidermal-T cell interactions and to understand the pathophysiology of inflammatory skin diseases in a human-relevant and patient-specific context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung U Shin
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, New York, USA
- Department of Dermatology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hasan E Abaci
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, New York, USA.
| | - Lauren Herron
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, New York, USA
| | - Zongyou Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, New York, USA
| | - Brigitte Sallee
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, New York, USA
| | - Alberto Pappalardo
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, New York, USA
| | - Joanna Jackow
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, New York, USA
| | - Eddy Hsi Chun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, New York, USA
| | - Yanne Doucet
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, New York, USA
| | - Angela M Christiano
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, New York, USA.
- Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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41
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Sumathy B, Nair PD. Keratinocytes-hair follicle bulge stem cells-fibroblasts co-cultures on a tri-layer skin equivalent derived from gelatin/PEG methacrylate nanofibers. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2020; 31:869-894. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2020.1725861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Babitha Sumathy
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Technologies, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Prabha D Nair
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Technologies, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
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42
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[Use of 2D and 3D cell cultures in dermatology]. Hautarzt 2020; 71:91-100. [PMID: 31965205 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-019-04537-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The skin is a complex organ that performs a number of vital functions, including forming a physical barrier that protects our body from the penetration of pathogens and irritants and from excessive transepidermal water loss. In addition to its passive properties, the skin is also actively involved in the immune process. A complex structure of different cell types and structures allows the skin to fulfil these functions. In vitro research often faces the problem that simple 2D cell cultures are not able to adequately map these functions. Here 3D skin models offer a possible solution. In recent years, there has been significant development in this field; the reproducibility of the method as well as the physiological structure and tissue architecture of the 3D skin models have been improved. Depending on the research question, protocols for 3D skin models have been published, ranging from simple multilayer epidermis models to highly complex vascularized 3D full skin models.
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43
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Ashammakhi N, Darabi MA, Çelebi-Saltik B, Tutar R, Hartel MC, Lee J, Hussein S, Goudie MJ, Cornelius MB, Dokmeci MR, Khademhosseini A. Microphysiological Systems: Next Generation Systems for Assessing Toxicity and Therapeutic Effects of Nanomaterials. SMALL METHODS 2020; 4:1900589. [PMID: 33043130 PMCID: PMC7546538 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.201900589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Microphysiological systems, also known as organ-on-a-chip platforms, show promise for the development of new testing methods that can be more accurate than both conventional two-dimensional cultures and costly animal studies. The development of more intricate microphysiological systems can help to better mimic the human physiology and highlight the systemic effects of different drugs and materials. Nanomaterials are among a technologically important class of materials used for diagnostic, therapeutic, and monitoring purposes; all of which and can be tested using new organ-on-a-chip systems. In addition, the toxicity of nanomaterials which have entered the body from ambient air or diet can have deleterious effects on various body systems. This in turn can be studied in newly developed microphysiological systems. While organ-on-a-chip models can be useful, they cannot pick up secondary and systemic toxicity. Thus, the utilization of multi-organ-on-a-chip systems for advancing nanotechnology will largely be reflected in the future of drug development, toxicology studies and precision medicine. Various aspects of related studies, current challenges, and future perspectives are discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nureddin Ashammakhi
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mohammad Ali Darabi
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Betül Çelebi-Saltik
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Hacettepe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 06100, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rumeysa Tutar
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Avcilar-Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Martin C. Hartel
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Junmin Lee
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Saber Hussein
- Wright State University, Boonshoft School of Medicine, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435, Ohio, USA
| | - Marcus J. Goudie
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mercedes Brianna Cornelius
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mehmet R. Dokmeci
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Dutta S, Panda S, Singh P, Tawde S, Mishra M, Andhale V, Athavale A, Keswani SM. Hypopigmentation in burns is associated with alterations in the architecture of the skin and the dendricity of the melanocytes. Burns 2019; 46:906-917. [PMID: 31685389 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypopigmentation is a major problem in deep dermal burns. To date, no standard treatment is available for the post burn hypopigmentation disorder. Therefore, understanding the molecular and cellular events are of benefit for therapeutic intervention. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and Fontana Masson (FM) staining of post burn hypopigmented skin (PBHS) showed an altered architectural pattern in cellular organization, cornified layer and melanin pigment as compared to the normal skin. This was confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis of PBHS samples using specific marker cytokeratin 5 (CK5) for keratinocytes and melanocortin 1 receptor (MCIR) for melanocytes. Validation of these observations was performed by IHC using proliferation and differentiation markers, Ki67 and Loricrin respectively and the melanocyte specific marker tyrosinase related protein 1 (TRP1). Taking a cue from the IHC study, the interaction of keratinocytes and melanocytes was studied by developing a co-culture model from PBHS and normal skin. Culture data exhibited a change of dendritic structure, reduced proliferation rate, faulty melanin synthesis and transfer of melanin from melanocytes to keratinocytes in PBHS samples. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study showing structural and functional aberrations of melanocytes and keratinocytes, as a potential cause of hypopigmentation in burned patients. Our study, therefore, provides valuable insight for the basis of hypopigmentation in post burn patients, which may pave the way for clinical intervention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Dutta
- National Burns Centre, Sector 13, Plot no 1, Airoli, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sangita Panda
- National Burns Centre, Sector 13, Plot no 1, Airoli, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Prashant Singh
- National Burns Centre, Sector 13, Plot no 1, Airoli, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sumit Tawde
- National Burns Centre, Sector 13, Plot no 1, Airoli, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Mamata Mishra
- National Burns Centre, Sector 13, Plot no 1, Airoli, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Vikas Andhale
- National Burns Centre, Sector 13, Plot no 1, Airoli, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Angira Athavale
- National Burns Centre, Sector 13, Plot no 1, Airoli, Navi Mumbai, India
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45
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Herron LA, Hansen CS, Abaci HE. Engineering tissue-specific blood vessels. Bioeng Transl Med 2019; 4:e10139. [PMID: 31572797 PMCID: PMC6764806 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular diversity among organs has recently become widely recognized. Several studies using mouse and human fetal tissues revealed distinct characteristics of organ-specific vasculature in molecular and functional levels. Thorough understanding of vascular heterogeneities in human adult tissues is significant for developing novel strategies for targeted drug delivery and tissue regeneration. Recent advancements in microfabrication techniques, biomaterials, and differentiation protocols allowed for incorporation of microvasculature into engineered organs. Such vascularized organ models represent physiologically relevant platforms that may offer innovative tools for dissecting the effects of the organ microenvironment on vascular development and expand our present knowledge on organ-specific human vasculature. In this article, we provide an overview of the current structural and molecular evidence on microvascular diversity, bioengineering methods used to recapitulate the microenvironmental cues, and recent vascularized three-dimensional organ models from the perspective of tissue-specific vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. Herron
- Department of DermatologyColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY10032
| | - Corey S. Hansen
- Department of DermatologyColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY10032
| | - Hasan E. Abaci
- Department of DermatologyColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY10032
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Pan S, Malhotra D, Germann N. Nonlinear viscoelastic properties of native male human skin and in vitro 3D reconstructed skin models under LAOS stress. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 96:310-323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Matsumine H, Giatsidis G, Osada A, Kamei W, Fujimaki H, Tsukamoto Y, Hashimoto K, Fujii K, Sakurai H. Keratinocyte sheets prepared with temperature-responsive dishes show enhanced survival after in vivo grafting on acellular dermal matrices in a rat model of staged bi-layered skin reconstruction. Regen Ther 2019; 11:167-175. [PMID: 31388519 PMCID: PMC6669809 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bi-layered skin reconstruction can be achieved by staged grafting of acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) and cultured epithelial keratinocyte sheets (KSs). Both KSs and ADMs have been used for long; yet, their combined use has shown poor effectiveness. This outcome has been related to the enzymatic treatment used in the preparation of KSs, which impairs their adhesion potential to ADMs and the formation of a basement membrane (BM). Temperature-responsive (TR) culture dishes allow for enzyme-free preparation of KSs with preservation of BMs and intercellular adhesion proteins; yet, their use has not been previously applied to staged bi-layered skin reconstruction. Using an in vivo rat model, we tested the hypothesis that TR cultures enhance KSs survival and BM preservation after sequential grafting on ADMs. Methods In nude rats (n = 9/group), a 9-cm [2] full-thickness dorsal skin defect was repaired with a commercial ADM. At 2 weeks after surgery, we grafted the ADM with KSs (circular, 25 mm diameter), prepared from human cells either by enzymatic Dispase treatment (DT control group) or a TR culture dish (TR experimental group). KSs survival and BMs preservation was assessed one week later by digital imaging, histology (hematoxylin & eosin), immunohistochemistry (collagen IV, pancytokeratins) and immunofluorescence (cytokeratin 1-5-6, laminin). Results The TR group showed a significantly higher KSs survival (120 ± 49 vs. 63 ± 42 mm2; p < 0.05) and epidermal thickness (165 ± 79 vs. 65 ± 54 μm; p < 0.01) compared with the control DT group, as well as higher epidermal maturation (cytokeratin) and a denser laminin and Collagen IV expression in the BMs in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion These findings suggest that KSs prepared with TR culture dishes have significantly enhanced survival when grafted on ADMs; these outcomes could help improve current clinical strategies in wound care by skin reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Matsumine
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Giorgio Giatsidis
- The Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Atsuyoshi Osada
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Wataru Kamei
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujimaki
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tsukamoto
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hashimoto
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Kaori Fujii
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sakurai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
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Human and computational models of atopic dermatitis: A review and perspectives by an expert panel of the International Eczema Council. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 143:36-45. [PMID: 30414395 PMCID: PMC6626639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent disease worldwide and is associated with systemic comorbidities representing a significant burden on patients, their families, and society. Therapeutic options for AD remain limited, in part because of a lack of well-characterized animal models. There has been increasing interest in developing experimental approaches to study the pathogenesis of human AD in vivo, in vitro, and in silico to better define pathophysiologic mechanisms and identify novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers that predict therapeutic response. This review critically appraises a range of models, including genetic mutations relevant to AD, experimental challenge of human skin in vivo, tissue culture models, integration of “omics” data sets, and development of predictive computational models. Although no one individual model recapitulates the complex AD pathophysiology, our review highlights insights gained into key elements of cutaneous biology, molecular pathways, and therapeutic target identification through each approach. Recent developments in computational analysis, including application of machine learning and a systems approach to data integration and predictive modeling, highlight the applicability of these methods to AD subclassification (endotyping), therapy development, and precision medicine. Such predictive modeling will highlight knowledge gaps, further inform refinement of biological models, and support new experimental and systems approaches to AD. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019;143:36–45.)
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Abstract
Tissue engineering has progressed tremendously over recent decades through the generation of functional tissue analogs. Traditional approaches based on seeding cells into scaffold are limited in their capacity to produce tissues with precise biomimetic properties. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is one kind of fabrication technology used to precisely dispense cell-laden biomaterials for the construction of functional tissues or organs. In recent years, much research progress has been made in 3D bioprinting technology and its application in generating tissue analogs, including skin, heart valves, blood vessels, bone, and cardiac tissue. However, it still faces many technical challenges. In this review, we introduce the current progress in 3D bioprinting technology and focus on biomaterials and their potential applications in regenerative medicine and drug discovery. Current challenges are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqing Zhang
- 1 Center for Medical Device Evaluation, China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibin Wang
- 2 College of Life Science and Bioengineering, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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In Vitro Models for Studying Transport Across Epithelial Tissue Barriers. Ann Biomed Eng 2018; 47:1-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-018-02124-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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