1
|
Valyaeva AA, Tikhomirova MA, Potashnikova DM, Bogomazova AN, Snigiryova GP, Penin AA, Logacheva MD, Arifulin EA, Shmakova AA, Germini D, Kachalova AI, Saidova AA, Zharikova AA, Musinova YR, Mironov AA, Vassetzky YS, Sheval EV. Ectopic expression of HIV-1 Tat modifies gene expression in cultured B cells: implications for the development of B-cell lymphomas in HIV-1-infected patients. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13986. [PMID: 36275462 PMCID: PMC9586123 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
An increased frequency of B-cell lymphomas is observed in human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-infected patients, although HIV-1 does not infect B cells. Development of B-cell lymphomas may be potentially due to the action of the HIV-1 Tat protein, which is actively released from HIV-1-infected cells, on uninfected B cells. The exact mechanism of Tat-induced B-cell lymphomagenesis has not yet been precisely identified. Here, we ectopically expressed either Tat or its TatC22G mutant devoid of transactivation activity in the RPMI 8866 lymphoblastoid B cell line and performed a genome-wide analysis of host gene expression. Stable expression of both Tat and TatC22G led to substantial modifications of the host transcriptome, including pronounced changes in antiviral response and cell cycle pathways. We did not find any strong action of Tat on cell proliferation, but during prolonged culturing, Tat-expressing cells were displaced by non-expressing cells, indicating that Tat expression slightly inhibited cell growth. We also found an increased frequency of chromosome aberrations in cells expressing Tat. Thus, Tat can modify gene expression in cultured B cells, leading to subtle modifications in cellular growth and chromosome instability, which could promote lymphomagenesis over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna A. Valyaeva
- School of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia,Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria A. Tikhomirova
- School of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia,Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria M. Potashnikova
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra N. Bogomazova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia,Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Maria D. Logacheva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia,Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene A. Arifulin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A. Shmakova
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia,UMR9018 (CNRS – Institut Gustave Roussy – Université Paris Saclay), Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Villejuif, France, France
| | - Diego Germini
- UMR9018 (CNRS – Institut Gustave Roussy – Université Paris Saclay), Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Villejuif, France, France
| | - Anastasia I. Kachalova
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleena A. Saidova
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia,Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia A. Zharikova
- School of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yana R. Musinova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia,Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Mironov
- School of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia,Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yegor S. Vassetzky
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia,UMR9018 (CNRS – Institut Gustave Roussy – Université Paris Saclay), Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Villejuif, France, France
| | - Eugene V. Sheval
- School of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia,Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bozzer S, Dal Bo M, Grimaldi MC, Toffoli G, Macor P. Nanocarriers as a Delivery Platform for Anticancer Treatment: Biological Limits and Perspectives in B-Cell Malignancies. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1965. [PMID: 36145713 PMCID: PMC9502742 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based therapies have been proposed in oncology research using various delivery methods to increase selectivity toward tumor tissues. Enhanced drug delivery through nanoparticle-based therapies could improve anti-tumor efficacy and also prevent drug resistance. However, there are still problems to overcome, such as the main biological interactions of nanocarriers. Among the various nanostructures for drug delivery, drug delivery based on polymeric nanoparticles has numerous advantages for controlling the release of biological factors, such as the ability to add a selective targeting mechanism, controlled release, protection of administered drugs, and prolonging the circulation time in the body. In addition, the functionalization of nanoparticles helps to achieve the best possible outcome. One of the most promising applications for nanoparticle-based drug delivery is in the field of onco-hematology, where there are many already approved targeted therapies, such as immunotherapies with monoclonal antibodies targeting specific tumor-associated antigens; however, several patients have experienced relapsed or refractory disease. This review describes the major nanocarriers proposed as new treatments for hematologic cancer, describing the main biological interactions of these nanocarriers and the related limitations of their use as drug delivery strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bozzer
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Dal Bo
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Paolo Macor
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu J, Xu J, Luo B, Tang J, Hou Z, Zhu Z, Zhu L, Yao G, Li C. Immune Landscape and an RBM38-Associated Immune Prognostic Model with Laboratory Verification in Malignant Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061590. [PMID: 35326741 PMCID: PMC8946480 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The primary treatment of malignant melanoma is a classical regimen of surgery combined with chemotherapy, targeted drugs, and immunotherapy. The purpose of this study was to explore the immune response mechanism of RNA binding protein RBM38 in the development of melanoma with the screening of effective immunodiagnostic models and targeted therapy. We found that RBM38, as an oncogene, promotes the proliferation, invasion, and migration of melanoma cells and is associated with immune infiltration and pathways. Our investigation presented the prognostic significance of RBM38-associated immune signature. In addition, this model may provide a potential strategy for improving the survival and immunotherapy of melanoma patients. Abstract Background: Current studies have revealed that RNA-binding protein RBM38 is closely related to tumor development, while its role in malignant melanoma remains unclear. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the function of RBM38 in melanoma and the prognosis of the disease. Methods: Functional experiments (CCK-8 assay, cell colony formation, transwell cell migration/invasion experiment, wound healing assay, nude mouse tumor formation, and immunohistochemical analysis) were applied to evaluate the role of RBM38 in malignant melanoma. Immune-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) on RBM38 related immune pathways were comprehensively analyzed based on RNA sequencing results. Results: We found that high expression of RBM38 promoted melanoma cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, and RBM38 was associated with immune infiltration. Then, a five-gene (A2M, NAMPT, LIF, EBI3, and ERAP1) model of RBM38-associated immune DEGs was constructed and validated. Our signature showed superior prognosis capacity compared with other melanoma prognostic signatures. Moreover, the risk score of our signature was connected with the infiltration of immune cells, immune-regulatory proteins, and immunophenoscore in melanoma. Conclusions: We constructed an immune prognosis model using RBM38-related immune DEGs that may help evaluate melanoma patient prognosis and immunotherapy modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfang Liu
- Department of Plastic and Burns Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 GuangZhou Rd, Nanjing 210029, China; (J.L.); (B.L.); (J.T.); (Z.H.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow 213000, China;
| | - Binlin Luo
- Department of Plastic and Burns Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 GuangZhou Rd, Nanjing 210029, China; (J.L.); (B.L.); (J.T.); (Z.H.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Jian Tang
- Department of Plastic and Burns Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 GuangZhou Rd, Nanjing 210029, China; (J.L.); (B.L.); (J.T.); (Z.H.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zuoqiong Hou
- Department of Plastic and Burns Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 GuangZhou Rd, Nanjing 210029, China; (J.L.); (B.L.); (J.T.); (Z.H.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhechen Zhu
- Department of Plastic and Burns Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 GuangZhou Rd, Nanjing 210029, China; (J.L.); (B.L.); (J.T.); (Z.H.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Lingjun Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China;
| | - Gang Yao
- Department of Plastic and Burns Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 GuangZhou Rd, Nanjing 210029, China; (J.L.); (B.L.); (J.T.); (Z.H.); (Z.Z.)
- Correspondence: (G.Y.); (C.L.)
| | - Chujun Li
- Department of Plastic and Burns Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 GuangZhou Rd, Nanjing 210029, China; (J.L.); (B.L.); (J.T.); (Z.H.); (Z.Z.)
- Correspondence: (G.Y.); (C.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ji CM, Zhang X, Fang W, Meng L, Wei X, Lu C. RNA-binding protein RNPC1 acts as an oncogene in gastric cancer by stabilizing aurora kinase B mRNA. Exp Cell Res 2021; 406:112741. [PMID: 34302858 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNPC1 is reported to act as a tumor suppressor by binding and regulating the expression of target genes in various cancers. However, the role of RNPC1 in gastric cancer and the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. METHODS Gastric cancer cells were stably transfected with lentivirus. Proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle in vitro and tumorigenesis in vivo were used to assess the role of RNPC1. Quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the relationship between RNPC1 and aurora kinase B (AURKB). RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), RNA electrophoretic mobility shift assays (REMSAs), and dual-luciferase reporter assays were used to identify the direct binding sites of RNPC1 with AURKB mRNA. A CCK-8 assay was conducted to confirm the function of AURKB in RNPC1-induced growth promotion. RESULTS High RNPC1 expression was found in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines and was associated with high TNM stage. RNPC1 overexpression significantly promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells. Knockdown of RNPC1 could impede gastric cancer tumorigenesis in nude mice. AURKB expression was positively related to RNPC1. RNPC1 directly binds to the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of AURKB and enhances AURKB mRNA stability. AURKB reversed the proliferation induced by RNPC1 in gastric cancer cells. RNPC1 resulted in mitotic defects, aneuploidy and chromosomal instability in gastric cancer cells, similar to AURKB. CONCLUSION RNPC1 acts as an oncogene in gastric cancer by influencing cell mitosis by increasing AURKB mRNA stability, which may provide a potential biomarker and a therapeutic target for gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Mei Ji
- Precision Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China; Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210000, China
| | - Wentong Fang
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Ling Meng
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Xiaolong Wei
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China.
| | - Chen Lu
- Precision Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bozorgmehr N, Okoye I, Oyegbami O, Xu L, Fontaine A, Cox-Kennett N, Larratt LM, Hnatiuk M, Fagarasanu A, Brandwein J, Peters AC, Elahi S. Expanded antigen-experienced CD160 +CD8 +effector T cells exhibit impaired effector functions in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2020-002189. [PMID: 33931471 PMCID: PMC8098955 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-002189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background T cell exhaustion compromises antitumor immunity, and a sustained elevation of co-inhibitory receptors is a hallmark of T cell exhaustion in solid tumors. Similarly, upregulation of co-inhibitory receptors has been reported in T cells in hematological cancers such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, the role of CD160, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein, as one of these co-inhibitory receptors has been contradictory in T cell function. Therefore, we decided to elucidate how CD160 expression and/or co-expression with other co-inhibitory receptors influence T cell effector functions in patients with CLL. Methods We studied 56 patients with CLL and 25 age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls in this study. The expression of different co-inhibitory receptors was analyzed in T cells obtained from the peripheral blood or the bone marrow. Also, we quantified the properties of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the plasma of patients with CLL versus healthy controls. Finally, we measured 29 different cytokines, chemokines or other biomarkers in the plasma specimens of patients with CLL and healthy controls. Results We found that CD160 was the most upregulated co-inhibitory receptor in patients with CLL. Its expression was associated with an exhausted T cell phenotype. CD160+CD8+ T cells were highly antigen-experienced/effector T cells, while CD160+CD4+ T cells were more heterogeneous. In particular, we identified EVs as a source of CD160 in the plasma of patients with CLL that can be taken up by T cells. Moreover, we observed a dominantly proinflammatory cytokine profile in the plasma of patients with CLL. In particular, interleukin-16 (IL-16) was highly elevated and correlated with the advanced clinical stage (Rai). Furthermore, we observed that the incubation of T cells with IL-16 results in the upregulation of CD160. Conclusions Our study provides a novel insight into the influence of CD160 expression/co-expression with other co-inhibitory receptors in T cell effector functions in patients with CLL. Besides, IL-16-mediated upregulation of CD160 expression in T cells highlights the importance of IL-16/CD160 as potential immunotherapy targets in patients with CLL. Therefore, our findings propose a significant role for CD160 in T cell exhaustion in patients with CLL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Bozorgmehr
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Isobel Okoye
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Olaide Oyegbami
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lai Xu
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amelie Fontaine
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nanette Cox-Kennett
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Loree M Larratt
- Division of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mark Hnatiuk
- Division of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrei Fagarasanu
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joseph Brandwein
- Division of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anthea C Peters
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shokrollah Elahi
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada .,Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lucchesi CA, Zhang J, Ma B, Nussinov R, Chen X. Survivin Expression Is Differentially Regulated by a Selective Cross-talk between RBM38 and miRNAs let-7b or miR-203a. Cancer Res 2021; 81:1827-1839. [PMID: 33472892 PMCID: PMC8137528 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-3157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RNA-binding motif 38 (RBM38) is a member of a protein family with a highly conserved RNA-binding motif and has been shown to regulate mRNA processing, stability, and translation. Survivin is an essential modulator of apoptotic and nonapoptotic cell death as well as a stress responder. Survivin mRNA is the fourth most frequently overexpressed transcript in the human cancer transcriptome, and its aberrant expression is associated with chemo-/radioresistance and poor prognosis. In this study, we examined whether survivin expression is regulated by RBM38. RBM38 bound to survivin 3'-untranslated region and suppressed miRNA let-7b from binding to and degrading survivin mRNA, leading to increased survivin expression. RBM38 interacted with argonaute-2 (AGO2) and facilitated miR-203a-mediated degradation of survivin mRNA, leading to decreased survivin expression. Due to the abundance of let-7b over miR-203a, RBM38 ultimately increased survivin expression in HCT116 and MCF7 cells. In addition, Ser-195 in RBM38 interacted with Glu-73/-76 in AGO2, and Pep8, an eight-amino acid peptide spanning the region of Ser-195 in RBM38, blocked the RBM38-AGO2 interaction and inhibited miR-203a-mediated mRNA degradation, leading to enhanced survivin expression. Furthermore, Pep8 cooperated with YM155, an inhibitor of survivin, to suppress tumor spheroid growth and viability. Pep8 sensitized tumor cells to YM155-induced DNA damage in an RBM38-dependent manner. Together, our data indicate that RBM38 is a dual regulator of survivin and that Pep8/YM155 may be therapeutically explored for tumor suppression. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings show that RBM38 exerts opposing effects on survivin expression via two miRNAs, and disruption of the RBM38-AGO2 complex by an eight-amino acid peptide sensitizes tumor spheroids to survivin inhibitor YM155.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Lucchesi
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California
| | - Jin Zhang
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California
| | - Buyong Ma
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Xinbin Chen
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
She X, Lin Y, Liang R, Liu Z, Gao X, Ye J. RNA-Binding Motif Protein 38 as a Potential Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:13225-13236. [PMID: 33380811 PMCID: PMC7769143 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s278755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) act as a key factor in gene regulation by governing RNA metabolism. They contribute to the expression and functions of most RNAs by binding to them and forming complexes. RNA-binding motif protein 38 (RBM38), a member of the RBP family, alters the stability and translation of targeted mRNAs to affect various biological processes, such as cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, and myogenic differentiation. RBM38 contains a highly conserved RNA recognition motif (RRM) consisting of two subunits, RNP1 and RNP2, which specifically bind to RNAs. Recent studies have revealed that RBM38 regulates the mRNA stability of several tumor-related genes, such as p53, mdm2, p63, p73, p21, and c-Myc, by binding to their 3′ untranslated regions (3′ UTRs); thus, RBM38 modulates targeted gene expression and affects the biological processes of tumors. In addition, abnormal RBM38 expression in some malignant tumors and its correlation with prognosis have been documented in many studies, indicating its value for potential clinical applications. In this review, we present an overview of RBM38, specifically highlighting its relationship with tumor manifestation and development. A brief overview of the potential use of RBM38 in cancer therapy is also included to provide ideas for further research on RBM38.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin She
- Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lin
- Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Liang
- Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyu Liu
- Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Gao
- Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiazhou Ye
- Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Clayton SM, Archard JA, Wagner J, Farwell DG, Bewley AF, Beliveau A, Birkeland A, Rao S, Abouyared M, Belafsky PC, Anderson JD. Immunoregulatory Potential of Exosomes Derived from Cancer Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:327-335. [PMID: 31856674 PMCID: PMC7081244 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are malignancies that originate in the mucosal lining of the upper aerodigestive tract. Despite advances in therapeutic interventions, survival rates among HNSCC patients have remained static for years. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are tumor-initiating cells that are highly resistant to treatment, and are hypothesized to contribute to a significant fraction of tumor recurrences. Consequently, further investigations of how CSCs mediate recurrence may provide insights into novel druggable targets. A key element of recurrence involves the tumor's ability to evade immunosurveillance. Recent published reports suggest that CSCs possess immunosuppressive properties, however, the underlying mechanism have yet to be fully elucidated. To date, most groups have focused on the role of CSC-derived secretory proteins, such as cytokines and growth factors. Here, we review the established immunoregulatory role of exosomes derived from mixed tumor cell populations, and propose further study of CSC-derived exosomes may be warranted. Such studies may yield novel insights into new druggable targets, or lay the foundation for future exosome-based diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M. Clayton
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Joehleen A. Archard
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Joseph Wagner
- University of California Drug Discovery Consortium, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - D. Gregory Farwell
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Arnaud F. Bewley
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Angela Beliveau
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Andrew Birkeland
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Shyam Rao
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Marianne Abouyared
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Peter C. Belafsky
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Johnathon D. Anderson
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang Z, Cao YJ. Adoptive Cell Therapy Targeting Neoantigens: A Frontier for Cancer Research. Front Immunol 2020; 11:176. [PMID: 32194541 PMCID: PMC7066210 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) is a kind of immunotherapy in which T cells are genetically modified to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) or T cell receptor (TCR), and ACT has made a great difference in treating multiple types of tumors. ACT is not perfect, and it can be followed by severe side effects, which hampers the application of ACT in clinical trials. One of the most promising methods to minimize side effects is to endow adoptive T cells with the ability to target neoantigens, which are specific to tumor cells. With the development of antigen screening technologies, more methods can be applied to discover neoantigens in cancer cells, such as whole-exome sequencing combined with mass spectrometry, neoantigen screening through an inventory-shared neoantigen peptide library, and neoantigen discovery via trogocytosis. In this review, we focus on the side effects of existing antigens and their solutions, illustrate the strategies of finding neoantigens in CAR-T and TCR-T therapies through methods reported by other researchers, and summarize the clinical behavior of these neoantigens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu J Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu Y, Yin W, Wang J, Lei Y, Sun G, Li W, Huang Z, Guo M. KRAB-Zinc Finger Protein ZNF268a Deficiency Attenuates the Virus-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Response by Preventing IKK Complex Assembly. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121604. [PMID: 31835635 PMCID: PMC6953056 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite progress in understanding how virus-induced, NF-κB-dependent pro-inflammatory cytokines are regulated, there are still factors and mechanisms that remain to be explored. We aimed to uncover the relationship between KRAB-zinc finger protein ZNF268a and NF-κB-mediated cytokine production in response to viral infection. To this end, we established a ZNF268a-knockout cell line using a pair of sgRNAs that simultaneously target exon 3 in the coding sequence of the ZNF268 gene in HEK293T. HEK293T cells lacking ZNF268a showed less cytokine expression at the transcription and protein levels in response to Sendai virus/vesicular stomatitis virus (SeV/VSV) infection than wild-type cells. Consistent with HEK293T, knock-down of ZNF268a by siRNAs in THP-1 cells significantly dampened the inflammatory response. Mechanistically, ZNF268a facilitated NF-κB activation by targeting IKKα, helping to maintain the IKK signaling complex and thus enabling proper p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Taken together, our data suggest that ZNF268a plays a positive role in the regulation of virus-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production. By interacting with IKKα, ZNF268a promotes NF-κB signal transduction upon viral infection by helping to maintain the association between IKK complex subunits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis & State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wei Yin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis & State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yucong Lei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis & State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Guihong Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wenxin Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis & State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zan Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis & State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (M.G.)
| | - Mingxiong Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis & State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (M.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Autoantibodies as Potential Biomarkers in Breast Cancer. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2018; 8:bios8030067. [PMID: 30011807 PMCID: PMC6163859 DOI: 10.3390/bios8030067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a major cause of mortality in women; however, technologies for early stage screening and diagnosis (e.g., mammography and other imaging technologies) are not optimal for the accurate detection of cancer. This creates demand for a more effective diagnostic means to replace or be complementary to existing technologies for early discovery of breast cancer. Cancer neoantigens could reflect tumorigenesis, but they are hardly detectable at the early stage. Autoantibodies, however, are biologically amplified and hence may be measurable early on, making them promising biomarkers to discriminate breast cancer from healthy tissue accurately. In this review, we summarized the recent findings of breast cancer specific antigens and autoantibodies, which may be useful in early detection, disease stratification, and monitoring of treatment responses of breast cancer.
Collapse
|
12
|
Griggio V, Mandili G, Vitale C, Capello M, Macor P, Serra S, Castella B, Peola S, Foglietta M, Drandi D, Omedé P, Sblattero D, Cappello P, Chiarle R, Deaglio S, Boccadoro M, Novelli F, Massaia M, Coscia M. Humoral immune responses toward tumor-derived antigens in previously untreated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Oncotarget 2018; 8:3274-3288. [PMID: 27906678 PMCID: PMC5356881 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) the occurrence and the impact of antibody responses toward tumor-derived antigens are largely unexplored. Our serological proteomic data show that antibodies toward 47 identified antigens are detectable in 29 out of 35 patients (83%) with untreated CLL. The glycolytic enzyme alpha-enolase (ENO1) is the most frequently recognized antigen (i.e. 54% of CLL sera). We show that ENO1 is upregulated in the proliferating B-cell fraction of CLL lymph nodes. In CLL cells of the peripheral blood, ENO1 is exclusively expressed at the intracellular level, whereas it is exposed on the surface of apoptotic leukemic cells. From the clinical standpoint, patients with progressive CLL show a higher number of antigen recognitions compared to patients with stable disease. Consistently, the anti-ENO1 antibodies are prevalent in sera from patients with progressive disease and their presence is predictive of a shorter time to first treatment. This clinical inefficacy associates with the inability of patients’ sera to trigger complement-dependent cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against leukemic cells. Together, these results indicate that antibody responses toward tumor-derived antigens are frequently detectable in sera from patients with CLL, but they are expression of a disrupted immune system and unable to hamper disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Griggio
- Division of Hematology, University of Torino, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Giorgia Mandili
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Candida Vitale
- Division of Hematology, University of Torino, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Michela Capello
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo Macor
- Department of Life Sciences - University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sara Serra
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino and Immunogenetics Unit - Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Torino, Italy
| | - Barbara Castella
- Division of Hematology, University of Torino, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Peola
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Myriam Foglietta
- Division of Hematology, University of Torino, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Daniela Drandi
- Division of Hematology, University of Torino, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Omedé
- Division of Hematology, University of Torino, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Paola Cappello
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Molecular Biotechnology Center, Torino, Italy
| | - Roberto Chiarle
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino and Immunogenetics Unit - Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Torino, Italy
| | - Mario Boccadoro
- Division of Hematology, University of Torino, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesco Novelli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Molecular Biotechnology Center, Torino, Italy.,Service of Immunogenetics and Transplantation, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Massimo Massaia
- Division of Hematology, University of Torino, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Marta Coscia
- Division of Hematology, University of Torino, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Luna Coronell JA, Sergelen K, Hofer P, Gyurján I, Brezina S, Hettegger P, Leeb G, Mach K, Gsur A, Weinhäusel A. The Immunome of Colon Cancer: Functional In Silico Analysis of Antigenic Proteins Deduced from IgG Microarray Profiling. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2018; 16:73-84. [PMID: 29505855 PMCID: PMC6000238 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of the colon cancer immunome and its autoantibody signature from differentially-reactive antigens (DIRAGs) could provide insights into aberrant cellular mechanisms or enriched networks associated with diseases. The purpose of this study was to characterize the antibody profile of plasma samples from 32 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and 32 controls using proteins isolated from 15,417 human cDNA expression clones on microarrays. 671 unique DIRAGs were identified and 632 were more highly reactive in CRC samples. Bioinformatics analyses reveal that compared to control samples, the immunoproteomic IgG profiling of CRC samples is mainly associated with cell death, survival, and proliferation pathways, especially proteins involved in EIF2 and mTOR signaling. Ribosomal proteins (e.g., RPL7, RPL22, and RPL27A) and CRC-related genes such as APC, AXIN1, E2F4, MSH2, PMS2, and TP53 were highly enriched. In addition, differential pathways were observed between the CRC and control samples. Furthermore, 103 DIRAGs were reported in the SEREX antigen database, demonstrating our ability to identify known and new reactive antigens. We also found an overlap of 7 antigens with 48 “CRC genes.” These data indicate that immunomics profiling on protein microarrays is able to reveal the complexity of immune responses in cancerous diseases and faithfully reflects the underlying pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Khulan Sergelen
- Molecular Diagnostics, AIT - Austrian Institute of Technology, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Hofer
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - István Gyurján
- Molecular Diagnostics, AIT - Austrian Institute of Technology, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Brezina
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Hettegger
- Molecular Diagnostics, AIT - Austrian Institute of Technology, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gernot Leeb
- Hospital Oberpullendorf, A-7350, Oberpullendorf, Austria
| | - Karl Mach
- Hospital Oberpullendorf, A-7350, Oberpullendorf, Austria
| | - Andrea Gsur
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Weinhäusel
- Molecular Diagnostics, AIT - Austrian Institute of Technology, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Huang W, Wei XL, Ni W, Cao M, Meng L, Yang H. The expression of RNA-binding protein RBM38 decreased in renal cell carcinoma and represses renal cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317701635. [PMID: 28459215 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317701635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RBM38, a member of RNA recognition motif family of RNA-binding proteins, can regulate the expression of diverse targets by influencing their messenger RNA stability and play a vital role in cancer development. RBM38 may act as an oncogene or suppressor gene in several human tumors. However, its role in human renal cell carcinoma remains unclear. In this study, we found that the expression of RBM38 was lower in renal cell carcinoma tissues and cell lines. Moreover, overexpression of RBM38 could reduce, whereas knockdown of RBM38 could accelerate renal cell carcinoma cell lines growth rate and number of colonies formation of renal cell carcinoma cell lines. Furthermore, RBM38 inhibited renal cell carcinoma cell lines migration and invasion through epithelial-mesenchymal transition suppression by up-regulating E-cadherin and down-regulating β-catenin and vimentin. For in vivo assays, we found that the RBM38-positive group CAKI-1-RBM38 formed smaller tumors in nude mice compared with the control group. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that renal cell carcinoma patients with lower expression of RBM38 had a significantly shorter survival time than those with higher expression of RBM38 ( p = 0.028). All these suggested that RBM38 acts as a tumor suppressor in renal cell carcinoma, which has the potential value for the prediction of renal cell carcinoma prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Huang
- 1 Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- 2 Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Long Wei
- 3 Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - WeiWei Ni
- 1 Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- 2 Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengda Cao
- 1 Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Meng
- 1 Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- 2 Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiwei Yang
- 4 Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Joshi V, Amanullah A, Upadhyay A, Mishra R, Kumar A, Mishra A. A Decade of Boon or Burden: What Has the CHIP Ever Done for Cellular Protein Quality Control Mechanism Implicated in Neurodegeneration and Aging? Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:93. [PMID: 27757073 PMCID: PMC5047891 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells regularly synthesize new proteins to replace old and abnormal proteins for normal cellular functions. Two significant protein quality control pathways inside the cellular milieu are ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy. Autophagy is known for bulk clearance of cytoplasmic aggregated proteins, whereas the specificity of protein degradation by UPS comes from E3 ubiquitin ligases. Few E3 ubiquitin ligases, like C-terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP) not only take part in protein quality control pathways, but also plays a key regulatory role in other cellular processes like signaling, development, DNA damage repair, immunity and aging. CHIP targets misfolded proteins for their degradation through proteasome, as well as autophagy; simultaneously, with the help of chaperones, it also regulates folding attempts for misfolded proteins. The broad range of CHIP substrates and their associations with multiple pathologies make it a key molecule to work upon and focus for future therapeutic interventions. E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP interacts and degrades many protein inclusions formed in neurodegenerative diseases. The presence of CHIP at various nodes of cellular protein-protein interaction network presents this molecule as a potential candidate for further research. In this review, we have explored a wide range of functionality of CHIP inside cells by a detailed presentation of its co-chaperone, E3 and E4 enzyme like functions, with central focus on its protein quality control roles in neurodegenerative diseases. We have also raised many unexplored but expected fundamental questions regarding CHIP functions, which generate hopes for its future applications in research, as well as drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vibhuti Joshi
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur Rajasthan, India
| | - Ayeman Amanullah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur Rajasthan, India
| | - Arun Upadhyay
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur Rajasthan, India
| | - Ribhav Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur Rajasthan, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Centre for Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur Rajasthan, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Emole JN, Locke FL, Pinilla-Ibarz J. An update on current and prospective immunotherapies for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Immunotherapy 2016; 7:455-66. [PMID: 25917633 DOI: 10.2217/imt.15.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia. Combined agent chemotherapy is the current standard front-line treatment for physically fit patients with CLL. Use of chemotherapy can be complicated by significant toxicity, especially in patients with advanced age or comorbid conditions. Moreover, patients may relapse and become refractory to further chemotherapy. Immunotherapy targets the aberrant immunological processes in CLL without the toxicity of chemotherapy. Immunotherapeutic strategies can also be combined with chemotherapy to improve response rates in this incurable disease. In this review, we evaluate current and future immune-based options in the treatment of CLL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josephine N Emole
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Long Q, Argmann C, Houten SM, Huang T, Peng S, Zhao Y, Tu Z, Zhu J. Inter-tissue coexpression network analysis reveals DPP4 as an important gene in heart to blood communication. Genome Med 2016; 8:15. [PMID: 26856537 PMCID: PMC4746932 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-016-0268-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inter-tissue molecular interactions are critical to the function and behavior of biological systems in multicellular organisms, but systematic studies of interactions between tissues are lacking. Also, existing studies of inter-tissue interactions are based on direct gene expression correlations, which can't distinguish correlations due to common genetic architectures versus biochemical or molecular signal exchange between tissues. METHODS We developed a novel strategy to study inter-tissue interaction by removing effects of genetic regulation of gene expression (genetic decorrelation). We applied our method to the comprehensive atlas of gene expression across nine human tissues in the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project to generate novel genetically decorrelated inter-tissue networks. From this we derived modules of genes important in inter-tissue interactions that are likely driven by biological signal exchange instead of their common genetic basis. Importantly we highlighted communication between tissues and elucidated gene activities in one tissue inducing gene expression changes in others. RESULTS We reveal global unidirectional inter-tissue coordination of specific biological pathways such as protein synthesis. Using our data, we highlighted a clinically relevant example whereby heart expression of DPP4 was coordinated with a gene expression signature characteristic for whole blood proliferation, potentially impacting peripheral stem cell mobilization. We also showed that expression of the poorly characterized FOCAD in heart correlated with protein biosynthetic processes in the lung. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this is the first resource of human multi-tissue networks enabling the investigation of molecular inter-tissue interactions. With the networks in hand, we may systematically design combination therapies that simultaneously target multiple tissues or pinpoint potential side effects of a drug in other tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Long
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Carmen Argmann
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Sander M Houten
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Siwu Peng
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Yong Zhao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Zhidong Tu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cho SJ, Teng IF, Zhang M, Yin T, Jung YS, Zhang J, Chen X. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha is regulated by RBM38, a RNA-binding protein and a p53 family target, via mRNA translation. Oncotarget 2016; 6:305-16. [PMID: 25622105 PMCID: PMC4381596 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1), a heterodimeric transcription factor, consists of HIF1α and HIF1β and is necessary for cell growth and survival under a hypoxic condition. Thus, the level and activity of HIF1α needs to be tightly controlled. Indeed, HIF1α protein stability is controlled by prolyl hydroxylase and von Hippel-Lindau-mediated proteosomal degradation. However, it remains unclear whether HIF1α expression is controlled by other pathways. Here, we showed that RNA-binding protein RBM38, a target of the p53 family, regulates HIF1α expression via mRNA translation. Specifically, we showed that under a hypoxic condition, ectopic expression of RBM38 decreased, whereas knockdown of RBM38 increased, the level of HIF1α protein. We also showed that the rate of de novo HIF1α protein synthesis was increased by knockdown of RBM38. Additionally, we showed that RBM38 directly bound to HIF1α 5′ and 3′UTRs. Consistently, we showed that the rate of mRNA translation for a heterologous reporter that carries HIF1α 5′and/or 3′UTRs was increased upon knockdown of RBM38. Furthermore, we showed that knockdown of RBM38 increased, whereas ectopic expression of RBM38 decreased, the binding of eIF4E to HIF1α mRNA. Together, our data suggest that RBM38 is a novel translational regulator of HIF1α under a hypoxic condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Jun Cho
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - I-Fang Teng
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Min Zhang
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Tiffany Yin
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Yong-Sam Jung
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Xinbin Chen
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bizzaro N, Tonutti E, Tampoia M, Infantino M, Cucchiaro F, Pesente F, Morozzi G, Fabris M, Villalta D. Specific chemoluminescence and immunoasdorption tests for anti-DFS70 antibodies avoid false positive results by indirect immunofluorescence. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 451:271-7. [PMID: 26471835 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate two new diagnostic methods for the identification of anti-DFS70 antibodies in samples showing a DFS70-staining pattern by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF). METHODS We studied 731 patients: 576 were collected consecutively among those that in the ANA test on HEp-2 cells had produced a DFS70 fluorescence pattern and 155 were a consecutive series of patients sent by referring physicians for routine ANA testing. As controls we studied 50 patients with autoimmune diseases and 120 patients with active infectious disease. All 731 sera were assayed for anti-DFS70 antibodies by a specific chemoluminescence assay (CLIA); 70 randomly selected IIF-positive sera and 35 samples from patients with autoimmune diseases were studied by inhibition tests using the HEp-2 Select method. RESULTS Assays performed with the CLIA-DFS70 method were positive in 30.4% of the samples presenting a DFS70 pattern by IIF, in 1.3% of the routine ANA sera, in 1.6% of the infectious sera and in none of the 50 autoimmune controls. However, as the IIF-DFS70 positive group included 106 patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARD), 11 of which were DFS70 positive by CLIA, the prevalence of DFS70 antibodies in SARD was 7.5%. The ANA test performed after the use of HEp-2 Select showed an inhibition in 95.7% of the sera. No change in fluorescence intensity and pattern morphology between the native sera and the same sera tested with the solution containing the DFS70 antigen was observed in the 35 samples from patients with autoimmune diseases. CONCLUSIONS To avoid misinterpretation of ANA pattern and consequent diagnostic errors, confirmation of the DFS70-IIF pattern by CLIA or other specific methods is mandatory before reporting the presence of anti-DFS70 antibodies. The HEp-2 Select test in most cases eliminates the interference by anti-DFS70 antibodies and avoids the possible reporting of false positive results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Bizzaro
- Laboratorio di Patologia Clinica, Ospedale San Antonio, Tolmezzo, Italy.
| | - Elio Tonutti
- Immunopatologia e Allergologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Marilina Tampoia
- Laboratorio di Patologia Clinica, Policlinico Universitario, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Infantino
- Laboratorio di Immunologia e Allergologia, Ospedale S. Giovanni di Dio, Firenze, Italy
| | | | - Fiorenza Pesente
- Laboratorio di Patologia Clinica, Ospedale San Antonio, Tolmezzo, Italy
| | - Gabriella Morozzi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Scienze Immunologiche, Sezione di Reumatologia, Policlinico Universitario Le Scotte, Siena, Italy
| | - Martina Fabris
- Istituto di Patologia Clinica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Danilo Villalta
- Allergologia e Immunologia Clinica, Azienda Ospedaliera S. Maria degli Angeli, Pordenone, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ding Z, Yang HW, Xia TS, Wang B, Ding Q. Integrative genomic analyses of the RNA-binding protein, RNPC1, and its potential role in cancer prediction. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:473-84. [PMID: 26046131 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The RNA binding motif protein 38 (RBM38, also known as RNPC1) plays a pivotal role in regulating a wide range of biological processes, from cell proliferation and cell cycle arrest to cell myogenic differentiation. It was originally recognized as an oncogene, and was frequently found to be amplified in prostate, ovarian and colorectal cancer, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, colon carcinoma, esophageal cancer, dog lymphomas and breast cancer. In the present study, the complete RNPC1 gene was identified in a number of vertebrate genomes, suggesting that RNPC1 exists in all types of vertebrates, including fish, amphibians, birds and mammals. In the different genomes, the gene had a similar 4 exon/3 intron organization, and all the genetic loci were syntenically conserved. The phylogenetic tree demonstrated that the RNPC1 gene from the mammalian, bird, reptile and teleost lineage formed a species-specific cluster. A total of 34 functionally relevant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including 14 SNPs causing missense mutations, 8 exonic splicing enhancer SNPs and 12 SNPs causing nonsense mutations, were identified in the human RNPC1 gene. RNPC1 was found to be expressed in bladder, blood, brain, breast, colorectal, eye, head and neck, lung, ovarian, skin and soft tissue cancer. In 14 of the 94 tests, an association between RNPC1 gene expression and cancer prognosis was observed. We found that the association between the expression of RNPC1 and prognosis varied in different types of cancer, and even in the same type of cancer from the different databases used. This suggests that the function of RNPC1 in these tumors may be multidimensional. The sex determining region Y (SRY)-box 5 (Sox5), runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3), CCAAT displacement protein 1 (CUTL1), v-rel avian reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog (Rel)A, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ isoform 2 (PPARγ2) and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) regulatory transcription factor binding sites were identified in the upstream (promoter) region of the RNPC1 gene, and may thus be involved in the effects of RNPC1 in tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Eastern Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Wei Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Song Xia
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Eastern Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Ding
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Xue JQ, Xia TS, Liang XQ, Zhou W, Cheng L, Shi L, Wang Y, Ding Q. RNA-binding protein RNPC1: acting as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:322. [PMID: 24884756 PMCID: PMC4101826 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background RNA binding proteins (RBPs) play a fundamental role in posttranscriptional control of gene expression. Different RBPs have oncogenic or tumor-suppressive functions on human cancers. RNPC1 belongs to the RNA recognition motif (RRM) family of RBPs, which could regulate expression of diverse targets by mRNA stability in human cancer cells. Several studies reported that RNPC1 played an important role in cancer, mostly acting as an oncogene or up-regulating in tumors. However, its role in human breast cancer remains unclear. Methods In the present study, we investigated the functional and mechanistic roles of RNPC1 in attenuating invasive signal including reverse epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to inhibit breast cancer cells aggressiveness in vitro. Moreover, RNPC1 suppress tumorigenicity in vivo. Further, we studied the expression of RNPC1 in breast cancer tissue and adjacent normal breast tissue by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. Results We observed that RNPC1 expression was silenced in breast cancer cell lines compared to breast epithelial cells. More important, RNPC1 was frequently silenced in breast cancer tissue compared to adjacent normal breast tissue. Low RNPC1 mRNA expression was associated with higher clinical stages and mutp53, while low level of RNPC1 protein was associated with higher lymph node metastasis, mutp53 and lower progesterone receptor (PR). Functional assays showed ectopic expression of RNPC1 could inhibit breast tumor cell proliferation in vivo and in vitro through inducing cell cycle arrest, and further suppress tumor cell migration and invasion partly through repressing mutant p53 (mutp53) induced EMT. Conclusions Overall, our findings indicated that RNPC1 had a potential function to play a tumor-suppressor role which may be a potential marker in the therapeutic and prognostic of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qiang Ding
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang W, Cai J, Lin Y, Liu Z, Ren Q, Hu L, Huang Z, Guo M, Li W. Zinc fingers function cooperatively with KRAB domain for nuclear localization of KRAB-containing zinc finger proteins. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92155. [PMID: 24647005 PMCID: PMC3960175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple nuclear localization domains have been identified in nuclear proteins, and they finely control nuclear import and functions of those proteins. ZNF268 is a typical KRAB-containing zinc finger protein (KRAB-ZFP), and previous studies have shown that the KRAB domain reinforces nuclear localization of KRAB-ZFPs by interacting with KAP1. In this study, we find that some of 24 zinc fingers of ZNF268 also possess nuclear localization activity. Results of mutagenesis studies suggest that KRAB and zinc fingers are both necessary, and they function both independently and cooperatively for the nuclear localization of ZNF268. However, the subnuclear targeting activities of KRAB and zinc fingers are different. KRAB targets proteins in nucleoplasm, but not in the nucleolus, which is mediated by interaction with KAP1, while zinc fingers target proteins in the whole nucleus uniformly. The cooperative activities of KAP1-KRAB-zinc fingers result in the precise nucleoplasmic, but not nucleolar localization of KRAB-ZFPs. Our studies reveal a novel mechanism for the subcellular localization of KRAB-ZFPs and may help us to further explore their biological functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinyang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zikou Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qihao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zan Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingxiong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (MG); (WL)
| | - Wenxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (MG); (WL)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Understanding the immunodeficiency in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: potential clinical implications. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2013; 27:207-35. [PMID: 23561470 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in adults. Although significant advances have been made in the treatment of CLL in the last decade, it remains incurable. Treatments may be too toxic for some elderly patients, who constitute most of the individuals with this disease, and there remain subgroups of patients for which this therapy has minimal activity. This article summarizes the current understanding of the immune defects in CLL. It also examines the potential clinical implications of these findings.
Collapse
|
24
|
Hu L, Wang W, Cai J, Luo J, Huang Y, Xiong S, Li W, Guo M. Aberrant expression of ZNF268 alters the growth and migration of ovarian cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2013; 6:49-54. [PMID: 23946776 PMCID: PMC3742507 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynaecological cancers worldwide. However, the mechanisms underlying ovarian carcinogenesis are not well understood. The present study used immunostaining, western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR to demonstrate that ZNF268 is overexpressed in human ovarian carcinomas. ZNF268-knockdown increased the viability, colony formation and growth of in vivo xenografts of ovarian carcinoma SKOV-3 cells, whereas SKOV-3 cell migration was inhibited. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the knockdown of ZNF268 may increase SKOV-3 cell growth by promoting cell cycle progression. The findings suggest that ZNF268 is a novel protein involved in ovarian carcinogenesis and that it may aid in the understanding of the mechanisms of ovarian carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Greaves P, Gribben JG. The role of B7 family molecules in hematologic malignancy. Blood 2013; 121:734-44. [PMID: 23223433 PMCID: PMC3563361 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-10-385591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The B7 family consists of structurally related, cell-surface proteins that regulate immune responses by delivering costimulatory or coinhibitory signals through their ligands. Eight family members have been identified to date including CD80 (B7-1), CD86 (B7-2), CD274 (programmed cell death-1 ligand [PD-L1]), CD273 (programmed cell death-2 ligand [PD-L2]), CD275 (inducible costimulator ligand [ICOS-L]), CD276 (B7-H3), B7-H4, and B7-H6. B7 ligands are expressed on both lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues. The importance of the B7 family in regulating immune responses is clear from their demonstrated role in the development of immunodeficiency and autoimmune diseases. Manipulation of the signals delivered by B7 ligands shows great potential in the treatment of cancers including leukemias and lymphomas and in regulating allogeneic T-cell responses after stem cell transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Greaves
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Generation of functional CLL-specific cord blood CTL using CD40-ligated CLL APC. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51390. [PMID: 23284688 PMCID: PMC3526610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Though remissions have been observed following allo-HSCT for the treatment of CLL, many CLL patients are ineligible for transplant due to the lack of HLA-compatible donors. The use of umbilical cord blood (UCB) permits transplantation of many patients who lack HLA-compatible donors due to reduced requirements for stringent HLA matching between graft and recipient; however, disease relapse remains a concern with this modality. The generation of CLL-specific CTL from UCB T-cells, primed and expanded against the leukemic clone, might enhance the GVL effect and improve outcomes with UCB transplantation. Here we report the generation of functional, CLL-specific CTL using CD40-ligated CLL cells to prime partially-HLA matched UCB T-cells. Functionality and specificity were demonstrated by immune synapse assay, IFN-γ ELISpot, multi-parametric intracellular cytokine flow cytometry, and 51Cr release assay. The use of patient-specific, non-CLL controls demonstrated the generation of both alloantigen and CLL-specific responses. Subsequently, we developed a clinically-applicable procedure permitting separation of alloreactive CTL from leukemia-specific CTL. Leukemia-specific CTL were able to mediate in vivo killing of CLL in humanized mice without concurrent or subsequent development of xenoGVHD. Our results demonstrate that generation of CLL-specific effectors from UCB is feasible and practical, and the results support further exploration of this strategy as a treatment modality for CLL.
Collapse
|
27
|
Weigand LU, Liang X, Schmied S, Mall S, Klar R, Stötzer OJ, Salat C, Götze K, Mautner J, Peschel C, Krackhardt AM. Isolation of human MHC class II-restricted T cell receptors from the autologous T-cell repertoire with potent anti-leukaemic reactivity. Immunology 2012; 137:226-38. [PMID: 23025755 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of T cells genetically modified with tumour-specific T-cell receptors (TCR) is a promising novel approach in the treatment of cancer. We have previously isolated an allorestricted MHC class I-restricted TCR with specificity for Formin-like protein 1 (FMNL1) with potent activity against chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells. CD4(+) T cells have been described to be highly important for tumour elimination although TCR derived from CD4(+) T cells with anti-tumour reactivity have been only rarely described. In this study we aimed to isolate MHC class-II-restricted CD4(+) T cells and TCR with specificity for leukaemia antigens. We used professional antigen-presenting cells pulsed with the leukaemia-associated and tumour-associated antigen FMNL1 for stimulation of autologous T cells in vitro. We isolated two CD4(+) HLA-DR-restricted T-cell clones and T-cell-derived TCR with so far unknown specificity but high reactivity against lymphoma cells and native malignant cells derived from HLA-matched patients with diverse leukaemias. Moreover, characterization of the TCR after TCR gene transfer revealed that specific characteristics of isolated TCR as reactivity in response to Toll-like receptors were transferable on effector cells. Our results have a major impact on the development of novel immunotherapies. They demonstrate that TCR with potent HLA-DR-restricted anti-leukaemic reactivity against so far undefined self-restricted antigens can be isolated from the healthy autorestricted CD4(+) T-cell repertoire and these TCR are highly interesting candidate tools for novel immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luise U Weigand
- Medizinische Klinik III, Innere Medizin mit Schwerpunkt Hämatologie und Onkologie, Technische Universität München, Münich
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Han Y, Yu G, Sarioglu H, Caballero-Martinez A, Schlott F, Ueffing M, Haase H, Peschel C, Krackhardt AM. Proteomic investigation of the interactome of FMNL1 in hematopoietic cells unveils a role in calcium-dependent membrane plasticity. J Proteomics 2012. [PMID: 23182705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Formin-like 1 (FMNL1) is a formin-related protein highly expressed in hematopoietic cells and overexpressed in leukemias as well as diverse transformed cell lines. It has been described to play a role in diverse functions of hematopoietic cells such as phagocytosis of macrophages as well as polarization and cytotoxicity of T cells. However, the specific role of FMNL1 in these processes has not been clarified yet and regulation by interaction partners in primary hematopoietic cells has never been investigated. We performed a proteomic screen for investigation of the interactome of FMNL1 in primary hematopoietic cells resulting in the identification of a number of interaction partners. Bioinformatic analysis considering semantic similarity suggested the giant protein AHNAK1 to be an essential interaction partner of FMNL1. We confirmed AHNAK1 as a general binding partner for FMNL1 in diverse hematopoietic cells and demonstrate that the N-terminal part of FMNL1 binds to the C-terminus of AHNAK1. Moreover, we show that the constitutively activated form of FMNL1 (FMNL1γ) induces localization of AHNAK1 to the cell membrane. Finally, we provide evidence that overexpression or knock down of FMNL1 has an impact on the capacitative calcium influx after ionomycin-mediated activation of diverse cell lines and primary cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Han
- Medizinische Klinik III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Heo CK, Hwang HM, Ruem A, Yu DY, Lee JY, Yoo JS, Kim IG, Yoo HS, Oh S, Ko JH, Cho EW. Identification of a mimotope for circulating anti-cytokeratin 8/18 antibody and its usage for the diagnosis of breast cancer. Int J Oncol 2012; 42:65-74. [PMID: 23128437 PMCID: PMC3583721 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel circulating tumor-associated autoantibody, K94, obtained from a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) mouse model was characterized. The target antigen of K94 autoanti-body was expressed in various tumor cell lines including liver cancer, and its secretion was detectable using MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells. Proteomic analysis revealed that the protein bands reactive to K94 included cytokeratin (CK) 8 and 18, which are known to be related to tumorigenesis and form a heterotypic complex with each other. However, K94 showed no activity toward CK8 or CK18 separately. The epitope of the K94 antibody was only presented by a complex between CK8 and CK18, which was confirmed by analysis using recombinant CK8 and CK18 proteins. To formulate an assay for anti-CK8/18 complex autoantibody, a mimotope peptide reactive to K94 was selected from loop-constrained heptapeptide (-CX7C-) display phage library, of which sequence was CISPDAHSC (K94p1). A mimotope enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using phage-displayed K94p1 peptide as a coating antigen was able to discriminate breast cancer (n=30) patients from normal subjects (n=30) with a sensitivity of 50% and a specificity of 82.61%. CA15.3 was detected at very low levels in the same breast cancer subjects and did not discriminate breast cancer patients from normal subjects, although it is a conventional biomarker of breast cancer. These results suggest that a mimotope ELISA composed of K94p1 peptide may be useful for the diagnosis of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Kyu Heo
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang W, Guo M, Hu L, Cai J, Zeng Y, Luo J, Shu Z, Li W, Huang Z. The zinc finger protein ZNF268 is overexpressed in human cervical cancer and contributes to tumorigenesis via enhancing NF-κB signaling. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:42856-66. [PMID: 23091055 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.399923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most common tumors affecting women's health worldwide. Although human papillomavirus can be detected in nearly all cases, the mechanism of cervical carcinogenesis remains to be further addressed. Here, we demonstrated that ZNF268, a Krüppel-associated box-containing zinc finger protein, might contribute to the development of cervical cancer. We found that ZNF268b2, an isoform of ZNF268, was overexpressed in human squamous cervical cancer specimens. Knockdown of ZNF268 in cervical cancer cells caused cell cycle arrest at the G(0)/G(1) phase, reduced colony formation, and increased sensitivity to TNFα-induced apoptosis. In addition, HeLa cell growth in xenograft nude mice was suppressed by ZNF268 knockdown, with increased apoptosis. Furthermore, ZNF268b2 was shown to increase NF-κB signaling in vitro and in vivo. Reconstitution of NF-κB activity restored proliferation in ZNF268 knockdown HeLa cells. Of note, we observed a high frequency of NF-κB activation in ZNF268-overexpressing cervical cancer tissues, suggesting a pathological coincidence of ZNF268b2 overexpression and NF-κB activation. Taken together, our results reveal a novel role of ZNF268b2 that contributes to cervical carcinogenesis in part through enhancing NF-κB signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Luna Coronell JA, Syed P, Sergelen K, Gyurján I, Weinhäusel A. The current status of cancer biomarker research using tumour-associated antigens for minimal invasive and early cancer diagnostics. J Proteomics 2012; 76 Spec No.:102-15. [PMID: 22842156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tumour-associated antigens (TAA) can be detected prior to clinical diagnosis and thus would be ideal biomarkers for early detection of cancer using only a few microliters of a patient's serum. In this article we provide a summary of TAA screening and serum-profiling conducted for breast, prostate, lung and colon cancers. Different methodological approaches, including SEREX, SERPA, and phage display for TAA identification and TAA panels are summarised, and a revision of array based techniques is provided. The most promising studies performed on these cancers (performed with 80-400 serum samples, including controls) obtained sensitivities in a range of 44-95% and specificities of 80-100%. From the various studies reviewed, only one performed cross validation (AUC=0.71) in a prostate cancer study. Thus, albeit receiver operation characteristics are very promising, cross validation of most studies is still missing. Additionally, the concerted action of research groups for standardization of serum-TAA testing and cross validation is required. Along with today's technological options, the chances of establishing TAA biomarkers are now higher than ever before. This may also be true for confirmation and validation of already existing data, which is a prerequisite for implementation of TAA biomarkers into clinical diagnostics. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Integrated omics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johana A Luna Coronell
- Molecular Diagnostics, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Carballido E, Veliz M, Komrokji R, Pinilla-Ibarz J. Immunomodulatory drugs and active immunotherapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer Control 2012; 19:54-67. [PMID: 22143062 DOI: 10.1177/107327481201900106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The last decade witnessed the emergence of several therapeutic options for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) for first-line and relapsed settings. The vast majority of patients with relapsed or refractory CLL carry poor prognostic features, which are strong predictors of shorter overall survival and resistance to first-line treatment, particularly fludarabine-based regimens. METHODS This article highlights the current role of immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) and active immunotherapy as treatment options for this select group. The rationale of using IMiDs is discussed from the perspective of lenalidomide as a novel active agent. Relevant clinical trials using IMiDs alone or in combinations are discussed. New immunotherapeutic experimental approaches are also described. RESULTS As a single agent, lenalidomide offers an overall response rate of 32% to 47% in patients with relapsed/refractory disease. Recent studies have shown promising activity as a single agent in treatment-naive patients. The combination of lenalidomide with immunotherapy (rituximab and ofatumumab) has also shown clinical responses. Encouraging preclinical and early clinical data have been observed with different immunotherapeutic approaches. CONCLUSIONS The use of IMiDs alone or in combination with immunotherapy represents a treatment option for relapsed/refractory or treatment-naive patients. Mature data and further studies are needed to validate overall and progression-free survival. The toxicity profile of lenalidomide might limit its use and delay further studies. Immunotherapy offers another potential alternative, but further understanding of the immunogenicity of CLL cells and the mechanisms of tumor fl are reaction is needed to improve the outcomes in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estrella Carballido
- Department of Malignant Hematology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zeng Y, Wang W, Ma J, Wang X, Guo M, Li W. Knockdown of ZNF268, which is transcriptionally downregulated by GATA-1, promotes proliferation of K562 cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29518. [PMID: 22235304 PMCID: PMC3250450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The human ZNF268 gene encodes a typical KRAB-C2H2 zinc finger protein that may participate in hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis. A recent microarray study revealed that ZNF268 expression continuously decreases during erythropoiesis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying regulation of ZNF268 during hematopoiesis are not well understood. Here we found that GATA-1, a master regulator of erythropoiesis, repressed the promoter activity and transcription of ZNF268. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that GATA-1 directly bound to a GATA binding site in the ZNF268 promoter in vitro and in vivo. Knockdown of ZNF268 in K562 erythroleukemia cells with specific siRNA accelerated cellular proliferation, suppressed apoptosis, and reduced expression of erythroid-specific developmental markers. It also promoted growth of subcutaneous K562-derived tumors in nude mice. These results suggest that ZNF268 is a crucial downstream target and effector of GATA-1. They also suggest the downregulation of ZNF268 by GATA-1 is important in promoting the growth and suppressing the differentiation of K562 erythroleukemia cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingxiong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Plant Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (MG); (WL)
| | - Wenxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Plant Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (MG); (WL)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhang J, Cho SJ, Shu L, Yan W, Guerrero T, Kent M, Skorupski K, Chen H, Chen X. Translational repression of p53 by RNPC1, a p53 target overexpressed in lymphomas. Genes Dev 2011; 25:1528-43. [PMID: 21764855 DOI: 10.1101/gad.2069311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The p53 pathway is critical for tumor suppression, as the majority of human cancer has a faulty p53. Here, we identified RNPC1, a p53 target and a RNA-binding protein, as a critical regulator of p53 translation. We showed that ectopic expression of RNPC1 inhibited, whereas knockdown of RNPC1 increased, p53 translation under normal and stress conditions. We also showed that RNPC1 prevented cap-binding protein eIF4E from binding p53 mRNA via its C-terminal domain for physical interaction with eIF4E, and its N-terminal domain for binding p53 mRNA. Consistent with this, we found that RNPC1 directly binds to p53 5' and 3'untranslated regions (UTRs). Importantly, we showed that RNPC1 inhibits ectopic expression of p53 in a dose-dependent manner via p53 5' or 3' UTR. Moreover, we showed that loss of RNPC1 in mouse embryonic fibroblasts increased the level of p53 protein, leading to enhanced premature senescence in a p53-dependent manner. Finally, to explore the clinical relevance of our finding, we showed that RNPC1 was frequently overexpressed in dog lymphomas, most of which were accompanied by decreased expression of wild-type p53. Together, we identified a novel p53-RNPC1 autoregulatory loop, and our findings suggest that RNPC1 plays a role in tumorigenesis by repressing p53 translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Comparative Cancer Center, Schools of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Colón-Franco JM, Gomez TS, Billadeau DD. Dynamic remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton by FMNL1γ is required for structural maintenance of the Golgi complex. J Cell Sci 2011; 124:3118-26. [PMID: 21868368 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.083725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Formin-like 1 (FMNL1) is a member of the formin family of actin nucleators, and is one of the few formins for which in vitro activities have been well characterized. However, the functional roles of this mammalian formin remain ill-defined. In particular, it is unclear how the unique in vitro biochemical properties of FMNL1 relate to its regulation of cellular processes. Here, we demonstrate that FMNL1 depletion caused a dramatic increase in cellular F-actin content, which resulted in Golgi complex fragmentation. Moreover, increased F-actin and maintenance of Golgi structure were distinctly regulated by the gamma isoform of FMNL1, which required binding to actin. Importantly, in addition to Golgi fragmentation, increased F-actin content in the absence of FMNL1 also led to cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor dispersal, lysosomal enlargement and missorting of cathepsin D. Taken together, our data support a model in which FMNL1 regulates cellular F-actin levels required to maintain structural integrity of the Golgi complex and lysosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Colón-Franco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Shah N, Decker WK, Lapushin R, Xing D, Robinson SN, Yang H, Parmar S, Tung SS, O'Brien S, Fernandez-Viña M, Shpall EJ, Wierda WG. HLA homozygosity and haplotype bias among patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: implications for disease control by physiological immune surveillance. Leukemia 2011; 25:1036-9. [PMID: 21350559 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2011.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
37
|
Dubovsky JA, Powers JJ, Gao Y, Mariusso LF, Sotomayor EM, Pinilla-Ibarz JA. Epigenetic repolarization of T lymphocytes from chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients using 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. Leuk Res 2011; 35:1193-9. [PMID: 21377729 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
T cell immune dysfunction has an important role in the profound immune suppression that characterizes chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Improper polarization of T cells has been proposed as one of the mechanism involved. Mounting data implicates chromatin regulation, namely promoter methylation, in the plasticity of naïve human T cells. Recent in vitro evidence indicates that this plasticity may be phenotypically altered by using methylation inhibitors which are approved for clinical use in certain types of cancer. These results beg the question: can the ineffective polarization of T lymphocytes in the context of CLL be effectively modulated using methylation inhibitors in a sustainable therapeutic fashion? To answer this question our laboratory has studied the effects of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5A2) in helper and cytotoxic T lymphocytes from healthy donors and CLL patients in well characterized molecular and epigenetic signaling pathways involved in effective polarization. Moreover, we sought to investigate the consequences of methylation inhibitor treatment on lymphocyte survival, activation intensity, and naïve cell polarization. Our data indicates that 5A2 treatment can depolarize Th2 cells to effectively secrete interferon gamma, signal via T-bet, and achieve demethylation of critical Th1 specific promoters. Moreover, we demonstrate that 5A2 can force Th1 polarization of naïve T cells despite a strong IL-4 stimuli and a lack of IL-12. In conclusion our data seeks to define a modality in which improper or ineffective T cell polarization can be altered by 5AZA and could be incorporated in future therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use
- Azacitidine/analogs & derivatives
- Azacitidine/pharmacology
- Azacitidine/therapeutic use
- Cell Polarity/drug effects
- Cell Polarity/genetics
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- DNA Methylation/drug effects
- Decitabine
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Epigenesis, Genetic/drug effects
- Epigenesis, Genetic/physiology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- STAT1 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- STAT1 Transcription Factor/physiology
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/physiology
- Th2 Cells/drug effects
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/physiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Dubovsky
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics at H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612-9416, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Riches JC, Ramsay AG, Gribben JG. T-cell function in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Semin Cancer Biol 2010; 20:431-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2010.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
39
|
Dubovsky JA, Wang D, Powers JJ, Berchmans E, Smith MA, Wright KL, Sotomayor EM, Pinilla-Ibarz JA. Restoring the functional immunogenicity of chronic lymphocytic leukemia using epigenetic modifiers. Leuk Res 2010; 35:394-404. [PMID: 20863567 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Revised: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a malignancy arising from immune cells (B-lymphocytes) endowed with intrinsic antigen-presenting capabilities. Such a function however is lost during malignant transformation and CLL cells are well known for their inability to process and present antigens to the T-cell arm of the immune system. Instead, malignant CLL cells elicit a vast array of immune regulatory mechanisms conducive to T-cell dysfunction and immunosuppression. Previously, we have shown that treatment of CLL cells with the demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine unleashed target antigen expression. Here we show for the first time that combining two epigenetic modifiers, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine and the histone deacetylase inhibitor LAQ824 effectively restores the immunogenicity of CLL cell lines as well as primary cells obtained from CLL patients. Indeed, such a combination induces the expression of novel and highly antigenic cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) and costimulatory molecules. These changes facilitate the formation of robust supramolecular activation complexes (SMAC) between CLL cells and responder T-cells leading to intracellular signaling, lytic granule mobilization, and polarization of functional and relevant T-cell responses. This cascade of T-cell activating events triggered by CLL cells with restored APC function, points to combined epigenetic modifier treatment as a potential immunotherapeutic strategy for CLL patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Dubovsky
- Department of Malignant Hematology, Immunology, and Experimental Therapeutics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Yang HS, Zhang DM, Deng HX, Peng F, Wei YQ. Antitumor and anti-angiogenesis immunity induced by CR-SEREX-identified Xenopus RHAMM. Cancer Sci 2010; 101:862-8. [PMID: 20704574 PMCID: PMC11159049 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01473.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Revised: 11/24/2009] [Accepted: 12/03/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunization with xenogeneic antigens is an attractive approach to induce cross-reactive humoral and cellular immunity to inhibit tumor growth or angiogenesis. To identify novel xenogenic targets for immunotherapy, we have developed a modified serological expression cloning (SEREX) strategy, termed Cross-reactive SEREX (CR-SEREX). Among 78 positive clones identified by CR-SEREX, Xenopus receptor for hyaluronic-acid-mediated motility (xRHAMM) was most frequently identified (18 times), indicating the strongest immunogenic potential for xenogenic immunotherapy. A DNA vaccine based on xRHAMM effectively induced a protective antitumor immunity against local tumor and lung metastasis in B16 melanoma mouse models. Angiogenesis was inhibited and cell apoptosis was increased within tumors. Antitumor activity of xRHAMM worked through stimulation of an antigen-specific cellular response as well as through a specific humoral response against RHAMM, as confirmed by the depletion of immune cell subsets in vivo. Thus, a xenogenic vaccine based on xRHAMM induced an effective immunity against B16 melanoma cells and endothelial cells.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Heterophile/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/therapeutic use
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cross Reactions/immunology
- Hyaluronan Receptors/immunology
- Immunity, Cellular/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/blood supply
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/therapy
- Mice
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/immunology
- Vaccines, DNA/genetics
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Vaccines, DNA/therapeutic use
- Xenopus laevis/genetics
- Xenopus laevis/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Shuo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Marina O, Hainz U, Biernacki MA, Zhang W, Cai A, Duke-Cohan JS, Liu F, Brusic V, Neuberg D, Kutok JL, Alyea EP, Canning CM, Soiffer RJ, Ritz J, Wu CJ. Serologic markers of effective tumor immunity against chronic lymphocytic leukemia include nonmutated B-cell antigens. Cancer Res 2010; 70:1344-55. [PMID: 20124481 PMCID: PMC2852266 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-3143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who relapse after allogeneic transplant may achieve durable remission following donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI), showing the potency of donor-derived immunity in eradicating tumors. We sought to elucidate the antigenic basis of the effective graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) responses associated with DLI for the treatment of CLL by analyzing the specificity of plasma antibody responses developing in two DLI-treated patients who achieved long-term remission without graft-versus-host disease. By probing high-density protein microarrays with patient plasma, we discovered 35 predominantly intracellular antigens that elicited high-titer antibody reactivity greater in post-DLI than in pre-DLI plasma. Three antigens-C6orf130, MDS032, and ZFYVE19-were identified by both patients. Along with additional candidate antigens DAPK3, SERBP1, and OGFOD1, these proteins showed higher transcript and protein expression in B cells and CLL cells compared with normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. DAPK3 and the shared antigens do not represent minor histocompatibility antigens, as their sequences are identical in both donor and tumor. Although ZFYVE19, DAPK3, and OGFOD1 elicited minimal antibody reactivity in 12 normal subjects and 12 chemotherapy-treated CLL patients, 5 of 12 CLL patients with clinical GvL responses were serologically reactive to these antigens. Moreover, antibody reactivity against these antigens was temporally correlated with clinical disease regression. These B-cell antigens represent promising biomarkers of effective anti-CLL immunity.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Antigens, Surface/analysis
- Antigens, Surface/blood
- Antigens, Surface/genetics
- Antigens, Surface/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Bone Marrow Transplantation/immunology
- Cell Lineage/immunology
- Female
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate/genetics
- Immunity, Innate/immunology
- Immunodominant Epitopes/analysis
- Immunodominant Epitopes/blood
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/blood
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/therapy
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mutation/physiology
- Prognosis
- Protein Array Analysis
- Treatment Outcome
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ovidiu Marina
- Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston MA
- William Beaumont Hospital, Transitional Year Program, Royal Oak, MI
| | - Ursula Hainz
- Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston MA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston MA
| | - Melinda A. Biernacki
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston MA
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | - Wandi Zhang
- Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston MA
| | - Ann Cai
- Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Jonathan S. Duke-Cohan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Fenglong Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston MA
| | - Vladimir Brusic
- Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston MA
| | - Donna Neuberg
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston MA
| | - Jeffery L. Kutok
- Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA
| | - Edwin P. Alyea
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston MA
| | - Christine M. Canning
- Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston MA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston MA
| | - Robert J. Soiffer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston MA
| | - Jerome Ritz
- Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston MA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston MA
| | - Catherine J. Wu
- Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston MA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston MA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Antibodies specifically target AML antigen NuSAP1 after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Blood 2010; 115:2077-87. [PMID: 20053754 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-03-211375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying the targets of immune response after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) promises to provide relevant immune therapy candidate proteins. We used protein microarrays to serologically identify nucleolar and spindle-associated protein 1 (NuSAP1) and chromatin assembly factor 1, subunit B (p60; CHAF1b) as targets of new antibody responses that developed after allogeneic HCT. Western blots and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) validated their post-HCT recognition and enabled ELISA testing of 120 other patients with various malignancies who underwent allo-HCT. CHAF1b-specific antibodies were predominantly detected in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), whereas NuSAP1-specific antibodies were exclusively detected in patients with AML 1 year after transplantation (P < .001). Complete genomic exon sequencing failed to identify a nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) for NuSAP1 and CHAF1b between the donor and recipient cells. Expression profiles and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed NuSAP1 was predominately expressed in the bone marrow CD34(+)CD90(+) hematopoietic stem cells, leukemic cell lines, and B lymphoblasts compared with other tissues or cells. Thus, NuSAP1 is recognized as an immunogenic antigen in 65% of patients with AML following allogeneic HCT and suggests a tumor antigen role.
Collapse
|
43
|
Forgber M, Gellrich S, Sharav T, Sterry W, Walden P. Proteome-based analysis of serologically defined tumor-associated antigens in cutaneous lymphoma. PLoS One 2009; 4:e8376. [PMID: 20020065 PMCID: PMC2793029 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Information on specificities of serological responses against tumor cells in cutaneous lymphoma patients is relatively restricted. To advance the knowledge of serological immune responses against and to assess the scope of tumor antigenicity of cutaneous lymphoma, 1- and 2-dimensional Western blot analyses with sera from patients were combined with proteomics-based protein identification. Testing sera from 87 cutaneous lymphoma patients by 1-dimensional Western blot analysis, 64 cases of seroreactivity against lymphoma cells were found. The positive responses were relatively weak, restricted to few antigens in each case, and heterogeneous. To identify the antigens, proteins of the mycosis fungoides cell line MyLa and primary tumor cells were separated by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis, Western-blotted and probed with heterogeneous and autologous patient sera. The antigens were identified from silver-stained replica gels by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. 14 different antigens were assigned and identified with this proteome-serological approach. Only one, vimentin, had been reported before, the other 13 are new antigens for cutaneous lymphomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Forgber
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sylke Gellrich
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tumenjargal Sharav
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfram Sterry
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Walden
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ramsay AG, Gribben JG. Immune dysfunction in chronic lymphocytic leukemia T cells and lenalidomide as an immunomodulatory drug. Haematologica 2009; 94:1198-202. [PMID: 19734414 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2009.009274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
|
45
|
Tan HT, Low J, Lim SG, Chung MCM. Serum autoantibodies as biomarkers for early cancer detection. FEBS J 2009; 276:6880-904. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07396.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
46
|
Han Y, Eppinger E, Schuster IG, Weigand LU, Liang X, Kremmer E, Peschel C, Krackhardt AM. Formin-like 1 (FMNL1) is regulated by N-terminal myristoylation and induces polarized membrane blebbing. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:33409-17. [PMID: 19815554 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.060699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The formin protein formin-like 1 (FMNL1) is highly restrictedly expressed in hematopoietic lineage-derived cells and has been previously identified as a tumor-associated antigen. However, function and regulation of FMNL1 are not well defined. We have identified a novel splice variant (FMNL1gamma) containing an intron retention at the C terminus affecting the diaphanous autoinhibitory domain (DAD). FMNL1gamma is specifically located at the cell membrane and cortex in diverse cell lines. Similar localization of FMNL1 was observed for a mutant lacking the DAD domain (FMNL1DeltaDAD), indicating that deregulation of autoinhibition is effective in FMNL1gamma. Expression of both FMNL1gamma and FMNL1DeltaDAD induces polarized nonapoptotic blebbing that is dependent on N-terminal myristoylation of FMNL1 but independent of Src and ROCK activity. Thus, our results describe N-myristoylation as a regulative mechanism of FMNL1 responsible for membrane trafficking potentially involved in a diversity of polarized processes of hematopoietic lineage-derived cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Han
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute of Molecular Immunology, Marchioninistrasse 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
A human monoclonal antibody drug and target discovery platform for B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia based on allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and phage display. Blood 2009; 114:4494-502. [PMID: 19667400 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-05-222786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) is the only potentially curative treatment available for patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). Here, we show that post-alloHSCT antibody repertoires can be mined for the discovery of fully human monoclonal antibodies to B-CLL cell-surface antigens. Sera collected from B-CLL patients at defined times after alloHSCT showed selective binding to primary B-CLL cells. Pre-alloHSCT sera, donor sera, and control sera were negative. To identify post-alloHSCT serum antibodies and subsequently B-CLL cell-surface antigens they recognize, we generated a human antibody-binding fragment (Fab) library from post-alloHSCT peripheral blood mononuclear cells and selected it on primary B-CLL cells by phage display. A panel of Fab with B-CLL cell-surface reactivity was strongly enriched. Selection was dominated by highly homologous Fab predicted to bind the same antigen. One Fab was converted to immunoglobulin G1 and analyzed for reactivity with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from B-CLL patients and healthy volunteers. Cell-surface antigen expression was restricted to primary B cells and up-regulated in primary B-CLL cells. Mining post-alloHSCT antibody repertoires offers a novel route to discover fully human monoclonal antibodies and identify antigens of potential therapeutic relevance to B-CLL and possibly other cancers. Trials described herein were registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as nos. NCT00055744 and NCT00003838.
Collapse
|
48
|
Frank C, Hundemer M, Ho AD, Goldschmidt H, Witzens-Harig M. Cellular immune responses against the cancer-testis antigen SPAN-XB in healthy donors and patients with multiple myeloma. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 49:779-85. [DOI: 10.1080/10428190801911688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
49
|
Dubovsky JA, McNeel DG, Powers JJ, Gordon J, Sotomayor EM, Pinilla-Ibarz JA. Treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with a hypomethylating agent induces expression of NXF2, an immunogenic cancer testis antigen. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:3406-15. [PMID: 19401350 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-2099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Critical to the success of active immunotherapy against cancer is the identification of immunologically recognized cancer-specific proteins with low tolerogenic potential. Cancer testis antigens (CTA), in particular, fulfill this requirement as a result of their aberrant expression restricted to cancer cells and lack of expression in normal tissues bypassing tolerogenic mechanisms against self. Although CTAs have been extensively studied in solid malignancies, little is known regarding their expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using a two-pronged approach we evaluated the immunogenicity of 29 CTAs in 22 patients with CLL and correlated these results to reverse transcriptase PCR data from CLL cell lines and patient cells. RESULTS We identified IgG-specific antibodies for one antigen, NXF2, and confirmed this response by ELISA and Western blot. We found that treatment of CLL with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine can induce expression of NXF2 that lasted for several weeks after treatment. Treatment also increased levels of MHC and costimulatory molecules (CD80, CD86, and CD40) necessary for antigen presentation. In addition, we identified other promising antigens that may have potential immunotherapeutic application. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that NXF2 could be further pursued as an immunotherapeutic target in CLL, and that treatment with demethylating agents could be exploited to specifically modulate CTA expression and effective antigen presentation in malignant B cells.
Collapse
|
50
|
Ramsay AG, Gribben JG. Vaccine therapy and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2008; 21:421-36. [PMID: 18790447 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2008.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) should be an ideal target for immune-mediated responses. CLL arises from B cells that can act as antigen-presenting cells (APCs), expresses unique tumour antigens, and has been shown to be a target of the allogeneic T cells which mediate a graft-versus-leukaemia effect. Despite these potential benefits, immune responses against CLL cells have been difficult to elicit. CLL induces immune defects in the host, the tumour cells are inefficient APCs, and therapies given to patients with CLL are themselves immunosuppressive. Successful vaccination approaches in this disease will require steps to overcome these difficulties, including identification of the targets of immune responses in this disease to enable monitoring of the immune response after vaccination, improved presentation of antigens, and steps to improve the immune defects that accompany this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan G Ramsay
- Institute of Cancer, Barts and The London School of Medicine, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|