1
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De Belly H, Weiner OD. Follow the flow: Actin and membrane act as an integrated system to globally coordinate cell shape and movement. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 89:102392. [PMID: 38991476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Migratory cells are polarized with protrusive fronts and contractile rears. This spatial organization necessitates long-range coordination of the signals that organize protrusions and contractions. Cells leverage reciprocal interactions of short-range biochemical signals and long-range mechanical forces for this integration. The interface between the plasma membrane and actin cortex is where this communication occurs. Here, we review how the membrane and cortex form an integrated system for long-range coordination of cell polarity. We highlight the role of membrane-to-cortex-attachment proteins as regulators of tension transmission across the cell and discuss the interplay between actin-membrane and polarity signaling complexes. Rather than presenting an exhaustive list of recent findings, we focus on important gaps in our current understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry De Belly
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Orion D Weiner
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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2
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Verdys P, Rey Barroso J, Girel A, Vermeil J, Bergert M, Sanchez T, Métais A, Mangeat T, Bellard E, Bigot C, Astarie-Dequeker C, Labrousse A, Girard JP, Maridonneau-Parini I, Vérollet C, Lagarrigue F, Diz-Muñoz A, Heuvingh J, Piel M, du Roure O, Le Cabec V, Carréno S, Poincloux R. Ezrin, radixin, and moesin are dispensable for macrophage migration and cellular cortex mechanics. EMBO J 2024:10.1038/s44318-024-00173-7. [PMID: 39026000 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00173-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The cellular cortex provides crucial mechanical support and plays critical roles during cell division and migration. The proteins of the ERM family, comprised of ezrin, radixin, and moesin, are central to these processes by linking the plasma membrane to the actin cytoskeleton. To investigate the contributions of the ERM proteins to leukocyte migration, we generated single and triple ERM knockout macrophages. Surprisingly, we found that even in the absence of ERM proteins, macrophages still form the different actin structures promoting cell migration, such as filopodia, lamellipodia, podosomes, and ruffles. Furthermore, we discovered that, unlike every other cell type previously investigated, the single or triple knockout of ERM proteins does not affect macrophage migration in diverse contexts. Finally, we demonstrated that the loss of ERMs in macrophages does not affect the mechanical properties of their cortex. These findings challenge the notion that ERMs are universally essential for cortex mechanics and cell migration and support the notion that the macrophage cortex may have diverged from that of other cells to allow for their uniquely adaptive cortical plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrine Verdys
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Javier Rey Barroso
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
| | - Adeline Girel
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
| | - Joseph Vermeil
- PMMH, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Martin Bergert
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thibaut Sanchez
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
| | - Arnaud Métais
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas Mangeat
- LITC Core Facility, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Elisabeth Bellard
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Claire Bigot
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Astarie-Dequeker
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
| | - Arnaud Labrousse
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Girard
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Maridonneau-Parini
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
| | - Christel Vérollet
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
| | - Frédéric Lagarrigue
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
| | - Alba Diz-Muñoz
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julien Heuvingh
- PMMH, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Piel
- Institut Curie and Institut Pierre Gilles de Gennes, PSL University, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Olivia du Roure
- PMMH, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Le Cabec
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France.
| | - Sébastien Carréno
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
| | - Renaud Poincloux
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France.
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3
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Wen HY, Hu Y, Duo YY, Zhao L, Wang ZG, Liu SL. Ratiometric Fluorescence Probes for In Situ Imaging of Membrane Tension in Live Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:934-943. [PMID: 38935869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Membrane tension is an important physical parameter of describing cellular homeostasis, and it is widely used in the study of cellular processes involving membrane deformation and reorganization, such as cell migration, cell spreading, and cell division. Despite the importance of membrane tension, direct measurement remains difficult. In this work, we developed a ratiometric fluorescent probe sensitive to membrane tension by adjusting the carbon chain structure based on polarity-sensitive fluorophores. The probe is sensitive to changes in membrane tension after cells were subjected to physical or chemical stimuli, such as osmotic shock, lipid peroxidation, and mechanical stress. When the polarity of the plasma membrane increases (the green/red ratio decreases) and the membrane tension increases, the relative magnitude of the membrane tension can be quantitatively calculated by fluorescence ratio imaging. Thus, the probe proved to be an efficient and sensitive membrane tension probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Wen
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yusi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - You-Yang Duo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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4
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Centrone M, Saltarella I, D'Agostino M, Ranieri M, Venneri M, Di Mise A, Simone L, Pisani F, Valenti G, Frassanito MA, Tamma G. RhoB plays a central role in hyperosmolarity-induced cell shrinkage in renal cells. J Cell Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38946197 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The small Rho GTP-binding proteins are important cell morphology, function, and apoptosis regulators. Unlike other Rho proteins, RhoB can be subjected to either geranylgeranylation (RhoB-GG) or farnesylation (RhoB-F), making that the only target of the farnesyltransferase inhibitor (FTI). Fluorescence resonance energy transfer experiments revealed that RhoB is activated by hyperosmolarity. By contrast, hyposmolarity did not affect RhoB activity. Interestingly, treatment with farnesyltransferase inhibitor-277 (FTI-277) decreased the cell size. To evaluate whether RhoB plays a role in volume reduction, renal collecting duct MCD4 cells and Human Kidney, HK-2 were transiently transfected with RhoB-wildtype-Enhance Green Fluorescence Protein (RhoB-wt-EGFP) and RhoB-CLLL-EGFP which cannot undergo farnesylation. A calcein-based fluorescent assay revealed that hyperosmolarity caused a significant reduction of cell volume in mock and RhoB-wt-EGFP-expressing cells. By contrast, cells treated with FTI-277 or expressing the RhoB-CLLL-EGFP mutant did not properly respond to hyperosmolarity with respect to mock and RhoB-wt-EGFP expressing cells. These findings were further confirmed by 3D-LSCM showing that RhoB-CLLL-EGFP cells displayed a significant reduction in cell size compared to cells expressing RhoB-wt-EGFP. Moreover, flow cytometry analysis revealed that RhoB-CLLL-EGFP expressing cells as well as FTI-277-treated cells showed a significant increase in cell apoptosis. Together, these data suggested that: (i) RhoB is sensitive to hyperosmolarity and not to hyposmolarity; (ii) inhibition of RhoB farnesylation associates with an increase in cell apoptosis, likely suggesting that RhoB might be a paramount player controlling apoptosis by interfering with responses to cell volume change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Centrone
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Saltarella
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Section of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia D'Agostino
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Marianna Ranieri
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Venneri
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SPA SB IRCCS, Bari, Italy
| | - Annarita Di Mise
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Laura Simone
- Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Cancer Stem Cells Unit, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Francesco Pisani
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Valenti
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria A Frassanito
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Section of Clinical Pathology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Grazia Tamma
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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5
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Chouhan G, Lewis NS, Ghanekar V, Koti Ainavarapu SR, Inamdar MM, Sonawane M. Cell-size-dependent regulation of Ezrin dictates epithelial resilience to stretch by countering myosin-II-mediated contractility. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114271. [PMID: 38823013 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The epithelial adaptations to mechanical stress are facilitated by molecular and tissue-scale changes that include the strengthening of junctions, cytoskeletal reorganization, and cell-proliferation-mediated changes in tissue rheology. However, the role of cell size in controlling these properties remains underexplored. Our experiments in the zebrafish embryonic epidermis, guided by theoretical estimations, reveal a link between epithelial mechanics and cell size, demonstrating that an increase in cell size compromises the tissue fracture strength and compliance. We show that an increase in E-cadherin levels in the proliferation-deficient epidermis restores epidermal compliance but not the fracture strength, which is largely regulated by Ezrin-an apical membrane-cytoskeleton crosslinker. We show that Ezrin fortifies the epithelium in a cell-size-dependent manner by countering non-muscle myosin-II-mediated contractility. This work uncovers the importance of cell size maintenance in regulating the mechanical properties of the epithelium and fostering protection against future mechanical stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Chouhan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Colaba, Mumbai, India
| | - Natasha Steffi Lewis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Colaba, Mumbai, India
| | - Vallari Ghanekar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Colaba, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Mandar M Inamdar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India.
| | - Mahendra Sonawane
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Colaba, Mumbai, India.
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6
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Kural MH, Djakbarova U, Cakir B, Tanaka Y, Chan ET, Arteaga Muniz VI, Madraki Y, Qian H, Park J, Sewanan LR, Park IH, Niklason LE, Kural C. Mechano-inhibition of endocytosis sensitizes cancer cells to Fas-induced Apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:440. [PMID: 38909035 PMCID: PMC11193792 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06822-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
The transmembrane death receptor Fas transduces apoptotic signals upon binding its ligand, FasL. Although Fas is highly expressed in cancer cells, insufficient cell surface Fas expression desensitizes cancer cells to Fas-induced apoptosis. Here, we show that the increase in Fas microaggregate formation on the plasma membrane in response to the inhibition of endocytosis sensitizes cancer cells to Fas-induced apoptosis. We used a clinically accessible Rho-kinase inhibitor, fasudil, that reduces endocytosis dynamics by increasing plasma membrane tension. In combination with exogenous soluble FasL (sFasL), fasudil promoted cancer cell apoptosis, but this collaborative effect was substantially weaker in nonmalignant cells. The combination of sFasL and fasudil prevented glioblastoma cell growth in embryonic stem cell-derived brain organoids and induced tumor regression in a xenograft mouse model. Our results demonstrate that sFasL has strong potential for apoptosis-directed cancer therapy when Fas microaggregate formation is augmented by mechano-inhibition of endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet H Kural
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA.
- Humacyte Inc., Durham, NC, 27213, USA.
| | | | - Bilal Cakir
- Department of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Yoshiaki Tanaka
- Department of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
- Department of Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Emily T Chan
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | | | - Yasaman Madraki
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Hong Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
- Humacyte Inc., Durham, NC, 27213, USA
| | - Jinkyu Park
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Lorenzo R Sewanan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - In-Hyun Park
- Department of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Laura E Niklason
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA.
- Humacyte Inc., Durham, NC, 27213, USA.
| | - Comert Kural
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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7
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Tsai FC, Guérin G, Pernier J, Bassereau P. Actin-membrane linkers: Insights from synthetic reconstituted systems. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151402. [PMID: 38461706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
At the cell surface, the actin cytoskeleton and the plasma membrane interact reciprocally in a variety of processes related to the remodeling of the cell surface. The actin cytoskeleton has been known to modulate membrane organization and reshape the membrane. To this end, actin-membrane linking molecules play a major role in regulating actin assembly and spatially direct the interaction between the actin cytoskeleton and the membrane. While studies in cells have provided a wealth of knowledge on the molecular composition and interactions of the actin-membrane interface, the complex molecular interactions make it challenging to elucidate the precise actions of the actin-membrane linkers at the interface. Synthetic reconstituted systems, consisting of model membranes and purified proteins, have been a powerful approach to elucidate how actin-membrane linkers direct actin assembly to drive membrane shape changes. In this review, we will focus only on several actin-membrane linkers that have been studied by using reconstitution systems. We will discuss the design principles of these reconstitution systems and how they have contributed to the understanding of the cellular functions of actin-membrane linkers. Finally, we will provide a perspective on future research directions in understanding the intricate actin-membrane interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ching Tsai
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Physics of Cells and Cancer, Paris 75005, France.
| | - Gwendal Guérin
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Physics of Cells and Cancer, Paris 75005, France
| | - Julien Pernier
- Tumor Cell Dynamics Unit, Inserm U1279, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif 94800, France
| | - Patricia Bassereau
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Physics of Cells and Cancer, Paris 75005, France.
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8
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Li M, Xing X, Yuan J, Zeng Z. Research progress on the regulatory role of cell membrane surface tension in cell behavior. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29923. [PMID: 38720730 PMCID: PMC11076917 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell membrane surface tension has emerged as a pivotal biophysical factor governing cell behavior and fate. This review systematically delineates recent advances in techniques for cell membrane surface tension quantification, mechanosensing mechanisms, and regulatory roles of cell membrane surface tension in modulating major cellular processes. Micropipette aspiration, tether pulling, and newly developed fluorescent probes enable the measurement of cell membrane surface tension with spatiotemporal precision. Cells perceive cell membrane surface tension via conduits including mechanosensitive ion channels, curvature-sensing proteins (e.g. BAR domain proteins), and cortex-membrane attachment proteins (e.g. ERM proteins). Through membrane receptors like integrins, cells convert mechanical cues into biochemical signals. This conversion triggers cytoskeletal remodeling and extracellular matrix interactions in response to environmental changes. Elevated cell membrane surface tension suppresses cell spreading, migration, and endocytosis while facilitating exocytosis. Moreover, reduced cell membrane surface tension promotes embryonic stem cell differentiation and cancer cell invasion, underscoring cell membrane surface tension as a regulator of cell plasticity. Outstanding questions remain regarding cell membrane surface tension regulatory mechanisms and roles in tissue development/disease in vivo. Emerging tools to manipulate cell membrane surface tension with high spatiotemporal control in combination with omics approaches will facilitate the elucidation of cell membrane surface tension-mediated effects on signaling networks across various cell types/states. This will accelerate the development of cell membrane surface tension-based biomarkers and therapeutics for regenerative medicine and cancer. Overall, this review provides critical insights into cell membrane surface tension as a potent orchestrator of cell function, with broader impacts across mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manqing Li
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 5180080, China
| | - Xiumei Xing
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 5180080, China
| | - Jianhui Yuan
- Nanshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518054, China
| | - Zhuoying Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China
- Chemical Analysis & Physical Testing Institute, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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9
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Djakbarova U, Madraki Y, Chan ET, Wu T, Atreaga-Muniz V, Akatay AA, Kural C. Tension-induced adhesion mode switching: the interplay between focal adhesions and clathrin-containing adhesion complexes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.07.579324. [PMID: 38370749 PMCID: PMC10871318 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.07.579324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Integrin-based adhesion complexes are crucial in various cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, and motility. While the dynamics of canonical focal adhesion complexes (FAs) have been extensively studied, the regulation and physiological implications of the recently identified clathrin-containing adhesion complexes (CCACs) are still not well understood. In this study, we investigated the spatiotemporal mechanoregulations of FAs and CCACs in a breast cancer model. Employing single-molecule force spectroscopy coupled with live-cell fluorescence microscopy, we discovered that FAs and CCACs are mutually exclusive and inversely regulated complexes. This regulation is orchestrated through the modulation of plasma membrane tension, in combination with distinct modes of actomyosin contractility that can either synergize with or counteract this modulation. Our findings indicate that increased membrane tension promotes the association of CCACs at integrin αVβ5 adhesion sites, leading to decreased cancer cell proliferation, spreading, and migration. Conversely, lower membrane tension promotes the formation of FAs, which correlates with the softer membranes observed in cancer cells, thus potentially facilitating cancer progression. Our research provides novel insights into the biomechanical regulation of CCACs and FAs, revealing their critical and contrasting roles in modulating cancer cell progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umida Djakbarova
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Yasaman Madraki
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Emily T. Chan
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Tianyao Wu
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | - A. Ata Akatay
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Comert Kural
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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10
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Su R, Wang S, McDargh Z, O'Shaughnessy B. Three membrane fusion pore families determine the pathway to pore dilation. Biophys J 2023; 122:3986-3998. [PMID: 37644721 PMCID: PMC10560699 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
During exocytosis secretory vesicles fuse with a target membrane and release neurotransmitters, hormones, or other bioactive molecules through a membrane fusion pore. The initially small pore may subsequently dilate for full contents release, as commonly observed in amperometric traces. The size, shape, and evolution of the pore is critical to the course of contents release, but exact fusion pore solutions accounting for membrane tension and bending energy constraints have not been available. Here, we obtained exact solutions for fusion pores between two membranes. We find three families: a narrow pore, a wide pore, and an intermediate tether-like pore. For high tensions these are close to the catenoidal and tether solutions recently reported for freely hinged membrane boundaries. We suggest membrane fusion initially generates a stable narrow pore, and the dilation pathway is a transition to the stable wide pore family. The unstable intermediate pore is the transition state that sets the energy barrier for this dilation pathway. Pore dilation is mechanosensitive, as the energy barrier is lowered by increased membrane tension. Finally, we study fusion pores in nanodiscs, powerful systems for the study of individual pores. We show that nanodiscs stabilize fusion pores by locking them into the narrow pore family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Shuyuan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York City, New York; Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Zachary McDargh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Ben O'Shaughnessy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York City, New York.
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11
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Buenaventura RGM, Merlino G, Yu Y. Ez-Metastasizing: The Crucial Roles of Ezrin in Metastasis. Cells 2023; 12:1620. [PMID: 37371090 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ezrin is the cytoskeletal organizer and functions in the modulation of membrane-cytoskeleton interaction, maintenance of cell shape and structure, and regulation of cell-cell adhesion and movement, as well as cell survival. Ezrin plays a critical role in regulating tumor metastasis through interaction with other binding proteins. Notably, Ezrin has been reported to interact with immune cells, allowing tumor cells to escape immune attack in metastasis. Here, we review the main functions of Ezrin, the mechanisms through which it acts, its role in tumor metastasis, and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rand Gabriel M Buenaventura
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Glenn Merlino
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yanlin Yu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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12
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Sakamoto R, Banerjee DS, Yadav V, Chen S, Gardel M, Sykes C, Banerjee S, Murrell MP. Membrane tension induces F-actin reorganization and flow in a biomimetic model cortex. Commun Biol 2023; 6:325. [PMID: 36973388 PMCID: PMC10043271 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04684-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe accumulation and transmission of mechanical stresses in the cell cortex and membrane determines the mechanics of cell shape and coordinates essential physical behaviors, from cell polarization to cell migration. However, the extent that the membrane and cytoskeleton each contribute to the transmission of mechanical stresses to coordinate diverse behaviors is unclear. Here, we reconstitute a minimal model of the actomyosin cortex within liposomes that adheres, spreads and ultimately ruptures on a surface. During spreading, accumulated adhesion-induced (passive) stresses within the membrane drive changes in the spatial assembly of actin. By contrast, during rupture, accumulated myosin-induced (active) stresses within the cortex determine the rate of pore opening. Thus, in the same system, devoid of biochemical regulation, the membrane and cortex can each play a passive or active role in the generation and transmission of mechanical stress, and their relative roles drive diverse biomimetic physical behaviors.
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13
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Tabrizi MEA, Gupta JK, Gross SR. Ezrin and Its Phosphorylated Thr567 Form Are Key Regulators of Human Extravillous Trophoblast Motility and Invasion. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050711. [PMID: 36899847 PMCID: PMC10000480 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein ezrin has been shown to enhance cancer cell motility and invasion leading to malignant behaviours in solid tumours, but a similar regulatory function in the early physiological reproduction state is, however, much less clear. We speculated that ezrin may play a key role in promoting first-trimester extravillous trophoblast (EVT) migration/invasion. Ezrin, as well as its Thr567 phosphorylation, were found in all trophoblasts studied, whether primary cells or lines. Interestingly, the proteins were seen in a distinct cellular localisation in long, extended protrusions in specific regions of cells. Loss-of-function experiments were carried out in EVT HTR8/SVneo and Swan71, as well as primary cells, using either ezrin siRNAs or the phosphorylation Thr567 inhibitor NSC668394, resulting in significant reductions in both cell motility and cellular invasion, albeit with differences between the cells used. Our analysis further demonstrated that an increase in focal adhesion was, in part, able to explain some of the molecular mechanisms involved. Data collected using human placental sections and protein lysates further showed that ezrin expression was significantly higher during the early stage of placentation and, importantly, clearly seen in the EVT anchoring columns, further supporting the potential role of ezrin in regulating migration and invasion in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janesh K. Gupta
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Fetal Medicine Centre, Birmingham Women’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Stephane R. Gross
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-0121-204-3467
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14
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Safarians G, Sohrabi A, Solomon I, Xiao W, Bastola S, Rajput BW, Epperson M, Rosenzweig I, Tamura K, Singer B, Huang J, Harrison MJ, Sanazzaro T, Condro MC, Kornblum HI, Seidlits SK. Glioblastoma Spheroid Invasion through Soft, Brain-Like Matrices Depends on Hyaluronic Acid-CD44 Interactions. Adv Healthc Mater 2023:e2203143. [PMID: 36694362 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202203143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Increased secretion of hyaluronic acid (HA), a glycosaminoglycan abundant in the brain extracellular matrix (ECM), correlates with worse clinical outcomes for glioblastoma (GBM) patients. GBM cells aggressively invade the brain parenchyma while encountering spatiotemporal changes in their local ECM, including HA concentration. To investigate how varying HA concentrations affect GBM invasion, patient-derived GBM cells are cultured within a soft, 3D matrix in which HA concentration is precisely varied and cell migration observed. Data demonstrate that HA concentration can determine the invasive activity of patient-derived GBM cells in a biphasic and highly sensitive manner, where the absolute concentration of HA at which cell migration peaked is specific to each patient-derived line. Furthermore, evidence that this response relies on phosphorylated ezrin, which interacts with the intracellular domain of HA-engaged CD44 to effectively link the actin cytoskeleton to the local ECM is provided. Overall, this study highlights CD44-HA binding as a major mediator of GBM cell migration that acts independently of integrins and focal adhesion complexes and suggests that targeting HA-CD44-ezrin interactions represents a promising therapeutic strategy to prevent tumor cell invasion in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gevick Safarians
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Alireza Sohrabi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Itay Solomon
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Weikun Xiao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Soniya Bastola
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Bushra W Rajput
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Mary Epperson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Isabella Rosenzweig
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kelly Tamura
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Breahna Singer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Joyce Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Mollie J Harrison
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Talia Sanazzaro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Michael C Condro
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Harley I Kornblum
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Stephanie K Seidlits
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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15
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Govendir MA, Kempe D, Sianati S, Cremasco J, Mazalo JK, Colakoglu F, Golo M, Poole K, Biro M. T cell cytoskeletal forces shape synapse topography for targeted lysis via membrane curvature bias of perforin. Dev Cell 2022; 57:2237-2247.e8. [PMID: 36113483 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) lyse target cells by delivering lytic granules that contain the pore former perforin to the cytotoxic immunological synapse. Here, we establish that opposing cytoskeletal forces drive lytic granule polarization and simultaneously shape T cell synapse topography to enhance target perforation. At the cell rear, actomyosin contractility drives the anterograde movement of lytic granules toward the nucleus. At the synapse, dynein-derived forces induce negatively curved membrane pockets to which granules are transported around the nucleus. These highly concave degranulation pockets are located directly opposite positively curved bulges on the target cell membrane. We identify a curvature bias in the action of perforin, which preferentially perforates positively curved tumor cell membrane. Together, these findings demonstrate murine and human T cell-mediated cytotoxicity to be a highly tuned mechano-biochemical system, in which the forces that polarize lytic granules locally bend the synaptic membrane to favor the unidirectional perforation of the target cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt A Govendir
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science node, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Daryan Kempe
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science node, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Setareh Sianati
- Cellular and Systems Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - James Cremasco
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science node, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jessica K Mazalo
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science node, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Feyza Colakoglu
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science node, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Matteo Golo
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science node, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Kate Poole
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science node, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Cellular and Systems Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Maté Biro
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science node, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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16
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Korkmazhan E, Dunn AR. The membrane-actin linker ezrin acts as a sliding anchor. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo2779. [PMID: 35930643 PMCID: PMC9355349 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo2779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Protein linkages to filamentous (F)-actin provide the cell membrane with mechanical stability and support intricate membrane architectures. However, the actin cytoskeleton is highly dynamic and undergoes rapid changes in shape during cell motility and other processes. The molecular mechanisms that generate a mechanically robust yet fluid connection between the membrane and actin cytoskeleton remain poorly understood. Here, we adapted a single-molecule optical trap assay to examine how the prototypical membrane-actin linker ezrin acts to anchor F-actin to the cell membrane. We find that ezrin forms a complex that slides along F-actin over micrometer distances while resisting detachment by forces oriented perpendicular to the filament axis. The ubiquity of ezrin and analogous proteins suggests that sliding anchors such as ezrin may constitute an important but overlooked element in the construction of the actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elgin Korkmazhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Graduate Program in Biophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Alexander R. Dunn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Corresponding author.
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17
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A biophysical perspective of the regulatory mechanisms of ezrin/radixin/moesin proteins. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:199-208. [PMID: 35340609 PMCID: PMC8921360 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00928-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many signal transductions resulting from ligand-receptor interactions occur at the cell surface. These signaling pathways play essential roles in cell polarization, membrane morphogenesis, and the modulation of membrane tension at the cell surface. However, due to the large number of membrane-binding proteins, including actin-membrane linkers, and transmembrane proteins present at the cell surface, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation at the cell surface are yet unclear. Here, we describe the molecular functions of one of the key players at the cell surface, ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) proteins from a biophysical point of view. We focus our discussion on biophysical properties of ERM proteins revealed by using biophysical tools in live cells and in vitro reconstitution systems. We first describe the structural properties of ERM proteins and then discuss the interactions of ERM proteins with PI(4,5)P2 and the actin cytoskeleton. These properties of ERM proteins revealed by using biophysical approaches have led to a better understanding of their physiological functions in cells and tissues. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12551-021-00928-0.
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18
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Avery L, Robertson TF, Wu CF, Roy NH, Chauvin SD, Perkey E, Vanderbeck A, Maillard I, Burkhardt JK. A Murine Model of X-Linked Moesin-Associated Immunodeficiency (X-MAID) Reveals Defects in T Cell Homeostasis and Migration. Front Immunol 2022; 12:726406. [PMID: 35069520 PMCID: PMC8770857 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.726406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked moesin associated immunodeficiency (X-MAID) is a primary immunodeficiency disease in which patients suffer from profound lymphopenia leading to recurrent infections. The disease is caused by a single point mutation leading to a R171W amino acid change in the protein moesin (moesinR171W). Moesin is a member of the ERM family of proteins, which reversibly link the cortical actin cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane. Here, we describe a novel mouse model with global expression of moesinR171W that recapitulates multiple facets of patient disease, including severe lymphopenia. Further analysis reveals that these mice have diminished numbers of thymocytes and bone marrow precursors. X-MAID mice also exhibit systemic inflammation that is ameliorated by elimination of mature lymphocytes through breeding to a Rag1-deficient background. The few T cells in the periphery of X-MAID mice are highly activated and have mostly lost moesinR171W expression. In contrast, single-positive (SP) thymocytes do not appear activated and retain high expression levels of moesinR171W. Analysis of ex vivo CD4 SP thymocytes reveals defects in chemotactic responses and reduced migration on integrin ligands. While chemokine signaling appears intact, CD4 SP thymocytes from X-MAID mice are unable to polarize and rearrange cytoskeletal elements. This mouse model will be a valuable tool for teasing apart the complexity of the immunodeficiency caused by moesinR171W, and will provide new insights into how the actin cortex regulates lymphocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsay Avery
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Tanner F. Robertson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Christine F. Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nathan H. Roy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Samuel D. Chauvin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Eric Perkey
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology and Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Ashley Vanderbeck
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ivan Maillard
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Janis K. Burkhardt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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19
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Mangon A, Salaün D, Bouali ML, Kuzmić M, Quitard S, Thuault S, Isnardon D, Audebert S, Puech PH, Verdier-Pinard P, Badache A. iASPP contributes to cell cortex rigidity, mitotic cell rounding, and spindle positioning. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212730. [PMID: 34705028 PMCID: PMC8562848 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202012002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
iASPP is a protein mostly known as an inhibitor of p53 pro-apoptotic activity and a predicted regulatory subunit of the PP1 phosphatase, which is often overexpressed in tumors. We report that iASPP associates with the microtubule plus-end binding protein EB1, a central regulator of microtubule dynamics, via an SxIP motif. iASPP silencing or mutation of the SxIP motif led to defective microtubule capture at the cortex of mitotic cells, leading to abnormal positioning of the mitotic spindle. These effects were recapitulated by the knockdown of the membrane-to-cortex linker Myosin-Ic (Myo1c), which we identified as a novel partner of iASPP. Moreover, iASPP or Myo1c knockdown cells failed to round up upon mitosis because of defective cortical stiffness. We propose that by increasing cortical rigidity, iASPP helps cancer cells maintain a spherical geometry suitable for proper mitotic spindle positioning and chromosome partitioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Mangon
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France
| | - Danièle Salaün
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France
| | - Mohamed Lala Bouali
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France
| | - Mira Kuzmić
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France
| | - Sabine Quitard
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France
| | - Sylvie Thuault
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Isnardon
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Audebert
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre-Henri Puech
- Laboratoire Adhésion et Inflammation, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix Marseille Université, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Verdier-Pinard
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France
| | - Ali Badache
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France
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20
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Inoue H, Takatsu H, Hamamoto A, Takayama M, Nakabuchi R, Muranaka Y, Yagi T, Nakayama K, Shin HW. The interaction of ATP11C-b with ezrin contributes to its polarized localization. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272204. [PMID: 34528675 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP11C, a member of the P4-ATPase family, translocates phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine at the plasma membrane. We previously revealed that its C-terminal splice variant ATP11C-b exhibits polarized localization in motile cell lines, such as MDA-MB-231 and Ba/F3. In the present study, we found that the C-terminal cytoplasmic region of ATP11C-b interacts specifically with ezrin. Notably, the LLxY motif in the ATP11C-b C-terminal region is crucial for its interaction with ezrin as well as its polarized localization on the plasma membrane. A constitutively active, C-terminal phosphomimetic mutant of ezrin was colocalized with ATP11C-b in polarized motile cells. ATP11C-b was partially mislocalized in cells depleted of ezrin alone, and exhibited greater mislocalization in cells simultaneously depleted of the family members ezrin, radixin and moesin (ERM), suggesting that ERM proteins, particularly ezrin, contribute to the polarized localization of ATP11C-b. Furthermore, Atp11c knockout resulted in C-terminally phosphorylated ERM protein mislocalization, which was restored by exogenous expression of ATP11C-b but not ATP11C-a. These observations together indicate that the polarized localizations of ATP11C-b and the active form of ezrin to the plasma membrane are interdependently stabilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Inoue
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takatsu
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Asuka Hamamoto
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takayama
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Riki Nakabuchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yumeka Muranaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Yagi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nakayama
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hye-Won Shin
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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21
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Jairaman A, Othy S, Dynes JL, Yeromin AV, Zavala A, Greenberg ML, Nourse JL, Holt JR, Cahalan SM, Marangoni F, Parker I, Pathak MM, Cahalan MD. Piezo1 channels restrain regulatory T cells but are dispensable for effector CD4 + T cell responses. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/28/eabg5859. [PMID: 34233878 PMCID: PMC8262815 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg5859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
T lymphocytes encounter complex mechanical cues during an immune response. The mechanosensitive ion channel, Piezo1, drives inflammatory responses to bacterial infections, wound healing, and cancer; however, its role in helper T cell function remains unclear. In an animal model for multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), we found that mice with genetic deletion of Piezo1 in T cells showed diminished disease severity. Unexpectedly, Piezo1 was not essential for lymph node homing, interstitial motility, Ca2+ signaling, T cell proliferation, or differentiation into proinflammatory T helper 1 (TH1) and TH17 subsets. However, Piezo1 deletion in T cells resulted in enhanced transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling and an expanded pool of regulatory T (Treg) cells. Moreover, mice with deletion of Piezo1 specifically in Treg cells showed significant attenuation of EAE. Our results indicate that Piezo1 selectively restrains Treg cells, without influencing activation events or effector T cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Jairaman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4561, USA
| | - Shivashankar Othy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4561, USA
| | - Joseph L Dynes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4561, USA
| | - Andriy V Yeromin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4561, USA
| | - Angel Zavala
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4561, USA
| | - Milton L Greenberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4561, USA
| | - Jamison L Nourse
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4561, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jesse R Holt
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4561, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Stuart M Cahalan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals, 3215 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Francesco Marangoni
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4561, USA
| | - Ian Parker
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4561, USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Medha M Pathak
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4561, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Center for Complex Systems Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Michael D Cahalan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4561, USA.
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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22
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Liang JB, Chen Y, Chen RL, Li YK, Li B, You ZR, Li Y, Zhang J, Huang BY, Wei YR, Lyu ZW, Lian M, Xiao X, Wang QX, Tang RQ, Fang JY, Chen XY, Ma X, Miao Q. CD8 + T cells actively penetrate hepatocytes via the CD44/p-ERM/F-actin pathway in autoimmune hepatitis. J Dig Dis 2021; 22:351-362. [PMID: 33928766 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emperipolesis is a pathological feature for the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). We have previously found that CD8+ T cells participated in the emperipolesis in AIH. In this study we aimed to clarify the characteristics and molecular mechanisms of emperipolesis in patients with AIH in vitro and in mice with α-Galactosylceramide (α-GalCer)-induced acute hepatitis. METHODS The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with various chronic liver diseases and healthy controls were co-cultured with hepatic cell lines to induce emperipolesis in vitro. Confocal staining was performed to illustrate the cellular types and potential mechanisms of emperipolesis in AIH. In addition, a murine model of α-GalCer-induced acute hepatitis that mimics human AIH was used to confirm the role of CD44/p-ERM/F-actin in the emperipolesis process in vivo. RESULTS In the co-cultured system of PBMC and hepatic cell line, emperipolesis was observed most commonly in patients with AIH. The main cells participating in emperipolesis were CD8+ T cells, and they penetrated hepatic cells actively via the CD44/p-ERM/F-actin pathway. As a result, most CD8+ T cells engulfed by hepatic cells underwent apoptosis. In the α-GalCer-induced acute hepatitis model, emperipolesis was observed around the inflammatory foci and was inhibited by the ezrin phosphorylation inhibitor NSC668394. Similarly, activated murine CD8+ T cells penetrated primary hepatocytes via the CD44/p-ERM/F-actin pathway in vitro. CONCLUSIONS CD8+ T cells penetrate hepatic cells actively via the CD44/p-ERM/F-actin signaling pathway and undergo apoptosis. This may be a compensatory mechanism to attenuate the overwhelming immune attack in AIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Bo Liang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Ling Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Kang Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Rui You
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - You Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Yuan Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Ran Wei
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhu Wan Lyu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Lian
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Xia Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru Qi Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yuan Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Yu Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiong Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Miao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
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23
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Neutrophils lacking ERM proteins polarize and crawl directionally but have decreased adhesion strength. Blood Adv 2021; 4:3559-3571. [PMID: 32761234 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) proteins are adaptors that link the actin cytoskeleton to the cytoplasmic domains of membrane proteins. Leukocytes express mostly moesin with lower levels of ezrin but no radixin. When leukocytes are activated, ERMs are postulated to redistribute membrane proteins from microvilli into uropods during polarization and to transduce signals that influence adhesion and other responses. However, these functions have not been tested in leukocytes lacking all ERMs. We used knockout (KO) mice with neutrophils lacking ezrin, moesin, or both proteins (double knockout [DKO]) to probe how ERMs modulate cell shape, adhesion, and signaling in vitro and in vivo. Surprisingly, chemokine-stimulated DKO neutrophils still polarized and redistributed ERM-binding proteins such as PSGL-1 and CD44 to the uropods. Selectin binding to PSGL-1 on moesin KO or DKO neutrophils activated kinases that enable integrin-dependent slow rolling but not those that generate neutrophil extracellular traps. Flowing neutrophils of all genotypes rolled normally on selectins and, upon chemokine stimulation, arrested on integrin ligands. However, moesin KO and DKO neutrophils exhibited defective integrin outside-in signaling and reduced adhesion strength. In vivo, DKO neutrophils displayed normal directional crawling toward a chemotactic gradient, but premature detachment markedly reduced migration from venules into inflamed tissues. Our results demonstrate that stimulated neutrophils do not require ERMs to polarize or to move membrane proteins into uropods. They also reveal an unexpected contribution of moesin to integrin outside-in signaling and adhesion strengthening.
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24
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Robertson TF, Chengappa P, Gomez Atria D, Wu CF, Avery L, Roy NH, Maillard I, Petrie RJ, Burkhardt JK. Lymphocyte egress signal sphingosine-1-phosphate promotes ERM-guided, bleb-based migration. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:211919. [PMID: 33764397 PMCID: PMC8006814 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202007182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ezrin, radixin, and moesin (ERM) family proteins regulate cytoskeletal responses by tethering the plasma membrane to the underlying actin cortex. Mutations in ERM proteins lead to severe combined immunodeficiency, but the function of these proteins in T cells remains poorly defined. Using mice in which T cells lack all ERM proteins, we demonstrate a selective role for these proteins in facilitating S1P-dependent egress from lymphoid organs. ERM-deficient T cells display defective S1P-induced migration in vitro, despite normal responses to standard protein chemokines. Analysis of these defects revealed that S1P promotes a fundamentally different mode of migration than chemokines, characterized by intracellular pressurization and bleb-based motility. ERM proteins facilitate this process, controlling directional migration by limiting blebbing to the leading edge. We propose that the distinct modes of motility induced by S1P and chemokines are specialized to allow T cell migration across lymphatic barriers and through tissue stroma, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner F Robertson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Daniela Gomez Atria
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Christine F Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lyndsay Avery
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nathan H Roy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ivan Maillard
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ryan J Petrie
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Janis K Burkhardt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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25
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Li M, Yu Y. Innate immune receptor clustering and its role in immune regulation. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:134/4/jcs249318. [PMID: 33597156 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.249318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of receptor clustering in the activation of adaptive immune cells has revolutionized our understanding of the physical basis of immune signal transduction. In contrast to the extensive studies of adaptive immune cells, particularly T cells, there is a lesser, but emerging, recognition that the formation of receptor clusters is also a key regulatory mechanism in host-pathogen interactions. Many kinds of innate immune receptors have been found to assemble into nano- or micro-sized domains on the surfaces of cells. The clusters formed between diverse categories of innate immune receptors function as a multi-component apparatus for pathogen detection and immune response regulation. Here, we highlight these pioneering efforts and the outstanding questions that remain to be answered regarding this largely under-explored research topic. We provide a critical analysis of the current literature on the clustering of innate immune receptors. Our emphasis is on studies that draw connections between the phenomenon of receptor clustering and its functional role in innate immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47401, USA
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47401, USA
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26
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Paraschiv A, Lagny TJ, Campos CV, Coudrier E, Bassereau P, Šarić A. Influence of membrane-cortex linkers on the extrusion of membrane tubes. Biophys J 2021; 120:598-606. [PMID: 33460596 PMCID: PMC7896025 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell membrane is an inhomogeneous system composed of phospholipids, sterols, carbohydrates, and proteins that can be directly attached to underlying cytoskeleton. The protein linkers between the membrane and the cytoskeleton are believed to have a profound effect on the mechanical properties of the cell membrane and its ability to reshape. Here, we investigate the role of membrane-cortex linkers on the extrusion of membrane tubes using computer simulations and experiments. In simulations, we find that the force for tube extrusion has a nonlinear dependence on the density of membrane-cortex attachments: at a range of low and intermediate linker densities, the force is not significantly influenced by the presence of the membrane-cortex attachments and resembles that of the bare membrane. For large concentrations of linkers, however, the force substantially increases compared with the bare membrane. In both cases, the linkers provided membrane tubes with increased stability against coalescence. We then pulled tubes from HEK cells using optical tweezers for varying expression levels of the membrane-cortex attachment protein Ezrin. In line with simulations, we observed that overexpression of Ezrin led to an increased extrusion force, while Ezrin depletion had a negligible effect on the force. Our results shed light on the importance of local protein rearrangements for membrane reshaping at nanoscopic scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Paraschiv
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thibaut J Lagny
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Institut Curie, PSL Research University CNRS UMR 144, Paris, France
| | - Christian Vanhille Campos
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Evelyne Coudrier
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University CNRS UMR 144, Paris, France
| | - Patricia Bassereau
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Anđela Šarić
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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27
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Bergert M, Lembo S, Sharma S, Russo L, Milovanović D, Gretarsson KH, Börmel M, Neveu PA, Hackett JA, Petsalaki E, Diz-Muñoz A. Cell Surface Mechanics Gate Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:209-216.e4. [PMID: 33207217 PMCID: PMC7875094 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cell differentiation typically occurs with concomitant shape transitions to enable specialized functions. To adopt a different shape, cells need to change the mechanical properties of their surface. However, whether cell surface mechanics control the process of differentiation has been relatively unexplored. Here we show that membrane mechanics gate exit from naive pluripotency of mouse embryonic stem cells. By measuring membrane tension during early differentiation, we find that naive stem cells release their plasma membrane from the underlying actin cortex when transitioning to a primed state. By mechanically tethering the plasma membrane to the cortex by enhancing Ezrin activity or expressing a synthetic signaling-inert linker, we demonstrate that preventing this detachment forces stem cells to retain their naive pluripotent identity. We thus identify a decrease in membrane-to-cortex attachment as a new cell-intrinsic mechanism that is essential for stem cells to exit pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Bergert
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sergio Lembo
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sumana Sharma
- European Bioinformatics Institute, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hinxton CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Luigi Russo
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Danica Milovanović
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kristjan H Gretarsson
- Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Via Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Mandy Börmel
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pierre A Neveu
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jamie A Hackett
- Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Via Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Evangelia Petsalaki
- European Bioinformatics Institute, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hinxton CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Alba Diz-Muñoz
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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28
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Membrane Homeostasis: The Role of Actin Cytoskeleton. J Indian Inst Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41745-020-00217-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Sitarska E, Diz-Muñoz A. Pay attention to membrane tension: Mechanobiology of the cell surface. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2020; 66:11-18. [PMID: 32416466 PMCID: PMC7594640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The cell surface is a mechanobiological unit that encompasses the plasma membrane, its interacting proteins, and the complex underlying cytoskeleton. Recently, attention has been directed to the mechanics of the plasma membrane, and in particular membrane tension, which has been linked to diverse cellular processes such as cell migration and membrane trafficking. However, how tension across the plasma membrane is regulated and propagated is still not completely understood. Here, we review recent efforts to study the interplay between membrane tension and the cytoskeletal machinery and how they control cell form and function. We focus on factors that have been proposed to affect the propagation of membrane tension and as such could determine whether it can act as a global or local regulator of cell behavior. Finally, we discuss the limitations of the available tool kit as new approaches that reveal its dynamics in cells are needed to decipher how membrane tension regulates diverse cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Sitarska
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alba Diz-Muñoz
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany.
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30
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Bisaria A, Hayer A, Garbett D, Cohen D, Meyer T. Membrane-proximal F-actin restricts local membrane protrusions and directs cell migration. Science 2020; 368:1205-1210. [PMID: 32527825 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay7794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration is driven by local membrane protrusion through directed polymerization of F-actin at the front. However, F-actin next to the plasma membrane also tethers the membrane and thus resists outgoing protrusions. Here, we developed a fluorescent reporter to monitor changes in the density of membrane-proximal F-actin (MPA) during membrane protrusion and cell migration. Unlike the total F-actin concentration, which was high in the front of migrating cells, MPA density was low in the front and high in the back. Back-to-front MPA density gradients were controlled by higher cofilin-mediated turnover of F-actin in the front. Furthermore, nascent membrane protrusions selectively extended outward from areas where MPA density was reduced. Thus, locally low MPA density directs local membrane protrusions and stabilizes cell polarization during cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Bisaria
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Arnold Hayer
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Damien Garbett
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Cohen
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tobias Meyer
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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31
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Chabaud M, Paillon N, Gaus K, Hivroz C. Mechanobiology of antigen‐induced T cell arrest. Biol Cell 2020; 112:196-212. [DOI: 10.1111/boc.201900093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Chabaud
- Institut Curie‐PSL Research University INSERM U932 Paris France
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical SciencesUniversity of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular ImagingUniversity of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Noémie Paillon
- Institut Curie‐PSL Research University INSERM U932 Paris France
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical SciencesUniversity of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular ImagingUniversity of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Claire Hivroz
- Institut Curie‐PSL Research University INSERM U932 Paris France
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32
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ERM Proteins at the Crossroad of Leukocyte Polarization, Migration and Intercellular Adhesion. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041502. [PMID: 32098334 PMCID: PMC7073024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ezrin, radixin and moesin proteins (ERMs) are plasma membrane (PM) organizers that link the actin cytoskeleton to the cytoplasmic tail of transmembrane proteins, many of which are adhesion receptors, in order to regulate the formation of F-actin-based structures (e.g., microspikes and microvilli). ERMs also effect transmission of signals from the PM into the cell, an action mainly exerted through the compartmentalized activation of the small Rho GTPases Rho, Rac and Cdc42. Ezrin and moesin are the ERMs more highly expressed in leukocytes, and although they do not always share functions, both are mainly regulated through phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) binding to the N-terminal band 4.1 protein-ERM (FERM) domain and phosphorylation of a conserved Thr in the C-terminal ERM association domain (C-ERMAD), exerting their functions through a wide assortment of mechanisms. In this review we will discuss some of these mechanisms, focusing on how they regulate polarization and migration in leukocytes, and formation of actin-based cellular structures like the phagocytic cup-endosome and the immune synapse in macrophages/neutrophils and lymphocytes, respectively, which represent essential aspects of the effector immune response.
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Navarro-Hernandez IC, López-Ortega O, Acevedo-Ochoa E, Cervantes-Díaz R, Romero-Ramírez S, Sosa-Hernández VA, Meza-Sánchez DE, Juárez-Vega G, Pérez-Martínez CA, Chávez-Munguía B, Galván-Hernández A, Antillón A, Ortega-Blake I, Santos-Argumedo L, Hernández-Hernández JM, Maravillas-Montero JL. Tetraspanin 33 (TSPAN33) regulates endocytosis and migration of human B lymphocytes by affecting the tension of the plasma membrane. FEBS J 2020; 287:3449-3471. [PMID: 31958362 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
B lymphocytes are a leukocyte subset capable of developing several functions apart from differentiating into antibody-secreting cells. These processes are triggered by external activation signals that induce changes in the plasma membrane properties, regulated by the formation of different lipid-bilayer subdomains that are associated with the underlying cytoskeleton through different linker molecules, thus allowing the functional specialization of regions within the membrane. Among these, there are tetraspanin-enriched domains. Tetraspanins constitute a superfamily of transmembrane proteins that establish lateral associations with other molecules, determining its activity and localization. In this study, we identified TSPAN33 as an active player during B-lymphocyte cytoskeleton and plasma membrane-related phenomena, including protrusion formation, adhesion, phagocytosis, and cell motility. By using an overexpression model of TSPAN33 in human Raji cells, we detected a specific distribution of this protein that includes membrane microvilli, the Golgi apparatus, and extracellular vesicles. Additionally, we identified diminished phagocytic ability and altered cell adhesion properties due to the aberrant expression of integrins. Accordingly, these cells presented an enhanced migratory phenotype, as shown by its augmented chemotaxis and invasion rates. When we evaluated the mechanic response of cells during fibronectin-induced spreading, we found that TSPAN33 expression inhibited changes in roughness and membrane tension. Contrariwise, TSPAN33 knockdown cells displayed opposite phenotypes to those observed in the overexpression model. Altogether, our data indicate that TSPAN33 represents a regulatory element of the adhesion and migration of B lymphocytes, suggesting a novel implication of this tetraspanin in the control of the mechanical properties of their plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itze C Navarro-Hernandez
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico.,Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Orestes López-Ortega
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Acevedo-Ochoa
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico.,Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Cervantes-Díaz
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico.,Facultad De Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma De México, Mexico
| | - Sandra Romero-Ramírez
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico.,Facultad De Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma De México, Mexico
| | - Víctor A Sosa-Hernández
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico.,Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David E Meza-Sánchez
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Juárez-Vega
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico
| | - César A Pérez-Martínez
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bibiana Chávez-Munguía
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Armando Antillón
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Iván Ortega-Blake
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Leopoldo Santos-Argumedo
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José M Hernández-Hernández
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José L Maravillas-Montero
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico
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34
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Roberts RE, Dewitt S, Hallett MB. Membrane Tension and the Role of Ezrin During Phagocytosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1246:83-102. [PMID: 32399827 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-40406-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
During phagocytosis, there is an apparent expansion of the plasma membrane to accommodate the target within a phagosome. This is accompanied (or driven by) a change in membrane tension. It is proposed that the wrinkled topography of the phagocyte surface, by un-wrinkling, provides the additional available membrane and that this explains the changes in membrane tension. There is no agreement as to the mechanism by which unfolding of cell surface wrinkles occurs during phagocytosis, but there is a good case building for the involvement of the actin-plasma membrane crosslinking protein ezrin. Not only have direct measurements of membrane tension strongly implicated ezrin as the key component in establishing membrane tension, but the cortical location of ezrin changes at the phagocytic cup, suggesting that it is locally signalled. This chapter therefore attempts to synthesise our current state of knowledge about ezrin and membrane tension with phagocytosis to provide a coherent hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharon Dewitt
- School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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35
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Calpain Activation by Ca2+ and Its Role in Phagocytosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1246:129-151. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-40406-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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36
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Hetmanski JHR, de Belly H, Busnelli I, Waring T, Nair RV, Sokleva V, Dobre O, Cameron A, Gauthier N, Lamaze C, Swift J, Del Campo A, Starborg T, Zech T, Goetz JG, Paluch EK, Schwartz JM, Caswell PT. Membrane Tension Orchestrates Rear Retraction in Matrix-Directed Cell Migration. Dev Cell 2019; 51:460-475.e10. [PMID: 31607653 PMCID: PMC6863396 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In development, wound healing, and cancer metastasis, vertebrate cells move through 3D interstitial matrix, responding to chemical and physical guidance cues. Protrusion at the cell front has been extensively studied, but the retraction phase of the migration cycle is not well understood. Here, we show that fast-moving cells guided by matrix cues establish positive feedback control of rear retraction by sensing membrane tension. We reveal a mechanism of rear retraction in 3D matrix and durotaxis controlled by caveolae, which form in response to low membrane tension at the cell rear. Caveolae activate RhoA-ROCK1/PKN2 signaling via the RhoA guanidine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Ect2 to control local F-actin organization and contractility in this subcellular region and promote translocation of the cell rear. A positive feedback loop between cytoskeletal signaling and membrane tension leads to rapid retraction to complete the migration cycle in fast-moving cells, providing directional memory to drive persistent cell migration in complex matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H R Hetmanski
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Henry de Belly
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ignacio Busnelli
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Tumor Biomechanics, Strasbourg 67200, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Thomas Waring
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Roshna V Nair
- INM, Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D226, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Vanesa Sokleva
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Oana Dobre
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Angus Cameron
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Nils Gauthier
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Christophe Lamaze
- Institut Curie - Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3666, INSERM U1143, Membrane Dynamics and Mechanics of Intracellular Signaling Laboratory, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Joe Swift
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | | | - Tobias Starborg
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Tobias Zech
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Jacky G Goetz
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Tumor Biomechanics, Strasbourg 67200, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Ewa K Paluch
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Jean-Marc Schwartz
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Patrick T Caswell
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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Shiozaki A, Yamazato Y, Kosuga T, Kudou M, Shoda K, Arita T, Konishi H, Komatsu S, Kubota T, Fujiwara H, Okamoto K, Marunaka Y, Otsuji E. Effect of low temperature on the regulation of cell volume after hypotonic shock in gastric cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2019; 55:905-914. [PMID: 31432150 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Although peritoneal lavage with distilled water performed after surgery prevents peritoneal seeding, cancer cells may avoid rupture under mild hypotonicity through regulatory volume decrease (RVD), which is the homeostatic regulation of ion and water transport. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of low temperature on cell volume and cell death under hypoosmolal conditions and determine the underlying molecular mechanisms in gastric cancer (GC). Three human GC cell lines (NUGC4, KATO‑III and MKN45) were exposed to hypotonic solutions, and the effects of low temperature on cell volume and viability were examined. Low temperature‑induced changes in membrane transporters were evaluated, and knockdown and overexpression experiments were conducted to determine their effects on cell volume during hypotonic stimulation. Low temperature (24˚C) during hypotonic stimulation inhibited RVD and enhanced the cytocidal effects on GC cells. The expression of leucine‑rich repeat containing protein A (LRRC8A), a component of a Cl‑ channel, was decreased, and aquaporin 5 (AQP5) expression was increased at low temperatures. LRRC8A knockdown markedly slowed the decrease in cell volume following cell swelling by hypotonic shock. AQP5 overexpression enhanced initial cell swelling after hypotonic shock and increased the final cell volume. These results suggest that a hypotonic solution at low temperature increased initial water influx via activation of AQP5 and decreased Cl‑ efflux via inhibition of LRRC8A. Therefore, low temperature enhanced the hypotonicity‑induced cytocidal effects on GC cells, and these results may contribute to the development of a novel lavage method effective in reducing peritoneal recurrence in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Shiozaki
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Yuzo Yamazato
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kosuga
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Michihiro Kudou
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Shoda
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Arita
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Konishi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Shuhei Komatsu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kubota
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Fujiwara
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Kazuma Okamoto
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Marunaka
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Eigo Otsuji
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
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38
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Michie KA, Bermeister A, Robertson NO, Goodchild SC, Curmi PMG. Two Sides of the Coin: Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin and Merlin Control Membrane Structure and Contact Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081996. [PMID: 31018575 PMCID: PMC6515277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The merlin-ERM (ezrin, radixin, moesin) family of proteins plays a central role in linking the cellular membranes to the cortical actin cytoskeleton. Merlin regulates contact inhibition and is an integral part of cell–cell junctions, while ERM proteins, ezrin, radixin and moesin, assist in the formation and maintenance of specialized plasma membrane structures and membrane vesicle structures. These two protein families share a common evolutionary history, having arisen and separated via gene duplication near the origin of metazoa. During approximately 0.5 billion years of evolution, the merlin and ERM family proteins have maintained both sequence and structural conservation to an extraordinary level. Comparing crystal structures of merlin-ERM proteins and their complexes, a picture emerges of the merlin-ERM proteins acting as switchable interaction hubs, assembling protein complexes on cellular membranes and linking them to the actin cytoskeleton. Given the high level of structural conservation between the merlin and ERM family proteins we speculate that they may function together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine A Michie
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
| | - Adam Bermeister
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
| | - Neil O Robertson
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
| | - Sophia C Goodchild
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia.
| | - Paul M G Curmi
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
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Dios-Esponera A, Melis N, Subramanian BC, Weigert R, Samelson LE. Pak1 Kinase Promotes Activated T Cell Trafficking by Regulating the Expression of L-Selectin and CCR7. Front Immunol 2019; 10:370. [PMID: 30891040 PMCID: PMC6411651 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal function of the adaptive immune system requires trafficking of T cells between the blood and lymphoid organs. Lymphocyte homing to lymph nodes requires that they cross endothelial barriers present in blood vessels and lymphatics. This multi-step process requires a remodeling of the lymphocyte plasma membrane, which is mediated by the dynamic re-arrangement of the actin cytoskeleton. Pak1 plays a central role in cell morphology, adhesion and migration in various cell types. Here we demonstrate that Pak1 is required for activated CD4+ T cell trafficking to lymph nodes. Pak1 deficiency in T cells causes a defect in the transcription of CCR7 and L-selectin, thereby altering lymphocyte trafficking. Additionally, we report an increase in L-selectin shedding in Pak1-deficient T cells, which correlates with a decrease in the recruitment of calmodulin to the cytoplasmic tail of L-selectin during T cell activation. Overall, our findings demonstrate that by regulating the expression of two major lymph node homing molecules, L-selectin and CCR7, Pak1 mediates activated CD4+ T cell trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Dios-Esponera
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nicolas Melis
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Bhagawat C Subramanian
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Roberto Weigert
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lawrence E Samelson
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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40
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Impellizzieri D, Ridder F, Raeber ME, Egholm C, Woytschak J, Kolios AGA, Legler DF, Boyman O. IL-4 receptor engagement in human neutrophils impairs their migration and extracellular trap formation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:267-279.e4. [PMID: 30768990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 immunity serves to resist parasitic helminths, venoms, and toxins, but the role and regulation of neutrophils during type 2 immune responses are controversial. Helminth models suggested a contribution of neutrophils to type 2 immunity, whereas neutrophils are associated with increased disease severity during type 2 inflammatory disorders, such as asthma. OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate the effect of the prototypic type 2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 on human neutrophils. METHODS Human neutrophils from peripheral blood were assessed without or with IL-4 or IL-13 for (1) expression of IL-4 receptor subunits, (2) neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, (3) migration toward CXCL8 in vitro and in humanized mice, and (4) CXCR1, CXCR2, and CXCR4 expression, as well as (5) in nonallergic versus allergic subjects. RESULTS Human neutrophils expressed both types of IL-4 receptors, and their stimulation through IL-4 or IL-13 diminished their ability to form NETs and migrate toward CXCL8 in vitro. Likewise, in vivo chemotaxis in NOD-scid-Il2rg-/- mice was reduced in IL-4-stimulated human neutrophils compared with control values. These effects were accompanied by downregulation of the CXCL8-binding chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 on human neutrophils on IL-4 or IL-13 stimulation in vitro. Ex vivo analysis of neutrophils from allergic patients or exposure of neutrophils from nonallergic subjects to allergic donor serum in vitro impaired their NET formation and migration toward CXCL8, thereby mirroring IL-4/IL-13-stimulated neutrophils. CONCLUSION IL-4 receptor signaling in human neutrophils affects several neutrophil effector functions, which bears important implications for immunity in type 2 inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frederike Ridder
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Miro E Raeber
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cecilie Egholm
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Janine Woytschak
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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41
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Membrane Curvature and Tension Control the Formation and Collapse of Caveolar Superstructures. Dev Cell 2019; 48:523-538.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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42
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Rossy J, Laufer JM, Legler DF. Role of Mechanotransduction and Tension in T Cell Function. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2638. [PMID: 30519239 PMCID: PMC6251326 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell migration from blood to, and within lymphoid organs and tissue, as well as, T cell activation rely on complex biochemical signaling events. But T cell migration and activation also take place in distinct mechanical environments and lead to drastic morphological changes and reorganization of the acto-myosin cytoskeleton. In this review we discuss how adhesion proteins and the T cell receptor act as mechanosensors to translate these mechanical contexts into signaling events. We further discuss how cell tension could bring a significant contribution to the regulation of T cell signaling and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Rossy
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Julia M Laufer
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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Gaba A, Mairhofer M, Zhegu Z, Leditznig N, Szabo L, Tschugguel W, Schneeberger C, Yotova I. Testosterone induced downregulation of migration and proliferation in human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells by Androgen Receptor dependent and independent mechanisms. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 476:173-184. [PMID: 29777728 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has emphasized the potential unfavorable effects of declining testosterone (T) levels in men and the putative beneficial effect of androgen therapy in select women. Some controversy surrounding the mechanism of action and the effects of T on endothelium remains. In this study, we evaluated the mechanism of T action on pooled primary Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) of mixed gender by focusing on two important processes, proliferation and migration. In our in vitro model system, we found that only the supra-physiological dose of T affected these two processes irrespective of the ratio of male to female cells in the pools. At a concentration of 1 μM, T downregulated the proliferation of HUVEC by inducing arrest in the G1 cell cycle phase in an Androgen Receptor (AR)-independent manner. We show that treatment with 1 μM T also induced downregulation of HUVEC migration. This process was AR-dependent and was associated with persistent phosphorylation of ezrin, radixin and moesin. Regardless of the mechanism of action, the treatment of HUVEC with both supra- and physiological doses of T was associated with posttranscriptional stabilization of the AR upon ligand binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aulona Gaba
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, University Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Zyhdi Zhegu
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, University Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadja Leditznig
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, University Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ladislaus Szabo
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, University Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Tschugguel
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, University Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Schneeberger
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, University Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Iveta Yotova
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, University Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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14-3-3εa directs the pulsatile transport of basal factors toward the apical domain for lumen growth in tubulogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E8873-E8881. [PMID: 30158171 PMCID: PMC6156656 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1808756115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascidians have become a powerful model system in which to uncover basic mechanisms that govern body plan specification and elaboration. In particular, the ascidian notochord is a highly tractable model for tubulogenesis. Here, we use chemical genetics to identify roles for 14-3-3εa, and its binding partner ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM), in tubulogenesis. Combining genetic and chemical perturbations with live cell imaging, we present evidence that 14-3-3εa–ERM interactions are required for tubulogenesis and that they act by promoting a directed cytoplasmic flow, previously uncharacterized, which carries lumen-associated components from the basal domain to the apical domain to feed lumen growth. Because many core components of this system are highly conserved, these results have broad implications for tubulogenesis in many other contexts. The Ciona notochord has emerged as a simple and tractable in vivo model for tubulogenesis. Here, using a chemical genetics approach, we identified UTKO1 as a selective small molecule inhibitor of notochord tubulogenesis. We identified 14-3-3εa protein as a direct binding partner of UTKO1 and showed that 14-3-3εa knockdown leads to failure of notochord tubulogenesis. We found that UTKO1 prevents 14-3-3εa from interacting with ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM), which is required for notochord tubulogenesis, suggesting that interactions between 14-3-3εa and ERM play a key role in regulating the early steps of tubulogenesis. Using live imaging, we found that, as lumens begin to open between neighboring cells, 14-3-3εa and ERM are highly colocalized at the basal cortex where they undergo cycles of accumulation and disappearance. Interestingly, the disappearance of 14-3-3εa and ERM during each cycle is tightly correlated with a transient flow of 14-3-3εa, ERM, myosin II, and other cytoplasmic elements from the basal surface toward the lumen-facing apical domain, which is often accompanied by visible changes in lumen architecture. Both pulsatile flow and lumen formation are abolished in larvae treated with UTKO1, in larvae depleted of either 14-3-3εa or ERM, or in larvae expressing a truncated form of 14-3-3εa that lacks the ability to interact with ERM. These results suggest that 14-3-3εa and ERM interact at the basal cortex to direct pulsatile basal accumulation and basal–apical transport of factors that are essential for lumen formation. We propose that similar mechanisms may underlie or may contribute to lumen formation in tubulogenesis in other systems.
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45
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Entropic forces drive clustering and spatial localization of influenza A M2 during viral budding. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E8595-E8603. [PMID: 30150411 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1805443115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The influenza A matrix 2 (M2) transmembrane protein facilitates virion release from the infected host cell. In particular, M2 plays a role in the induction of membrane curvature and/or in the scission process whereby the envelope is cut upon virion release. Here we show using coarse-grained computer simulations that various M2 assembly geometries emerge due to an entropic driving force, resulting in compact clusters or linearly extended aggregates as a direct consequence of the lateral membrane stresses. Conditions under which these protein assemblies will cause the lipid membrane to curve are explored, and we predict that a critical cluster size is required for this to happen. We go on to demonstrate that under the stress conditions taking place in the cellular membrane as it undergoes large-scale membrane remodeling, the M2 protein will, in principle, be able to both contribute to curvature induction and sense curvature to line up in manifolds where local membrane line tension is high. M2 is found to exhibit linactant behavior in liquid-disordered-liquid-ordered phase-separated lipid mixtures and to be excluded from the liquid-ordered phase, in near-quantitative agreement with experimental observations. Our findings support a role for M2 in membrane remodeling during influenza viral budding both as an inducer and a sensor of membrane curvature, and they suggest a mechanism by which localization of M2 can occur as the virion assembles and releases from the host cell, independent of how the membrane curvature is produced.
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Rey-Gallardo A, Tomlins H, Joachim J, Rahman I, Kitscha P, Frudd K, Parsons M, Ivetic A. Sequential binding of ezrin and moesin to L-selectin regulates monocyte protrusive behaviour during transendothelial migration. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.215541. [PMID: 29777033 PMCID: PMC6051341 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.215541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte transendothelial migration (TEM) is absolutely fundamental to the inflammatory response, and involves initial pseudopod protrusion and subsequent polarised migration across inflamed endothelium. Ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) proteins are expressed in leukocytes and mediate cell shape changes and polarity. The spatio-temporal organisation of ERM proteins with their targets, and their individual contribution to protrusion during TEM, has never been explored. Here, we show that blocking binding of moesin to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) reduces its C-terminal phosphorylation during monocyte TEM, and that on–off cycling of ERM activity is essential for pseudopod protrusion into the subendothelial space. Reactivation of ERM proteins within transmigrated pseudopods re-establishes their binding to targets, such as L-selectin. Knockdown of ezrin, but not moesin, severely impaired the recruitment of monocytes to activated endothelial monolayers under flow, suggesting that this protein plays a unique role in the early recruitment process. Ezrin binds preferentially to L-selectin in resting cells and during early TEM. The moesin–L-selectin interaction increases within transmigrated pseudopods as TEM proceeds, facilitating localised L-selectin ectodomain shedding. In contrast, a non-cleavable L-selectin mutant binds selectively to ezrin, driving multi-pseudopodial extensions. Taken together, these results show that ezrin and moesin play mutually exclusive roles in modulating L-selectin signalling and shedding to control protrusion dynamics and polarity during monocyte TEM. Summary: Ezrin and moesin co-ordinate binding to L-selectin in monocytes to, respectively, regulate pseudopod protrusion and ectodomain shedding during transendothelial migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Rey-Gallardo
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, 125 Coldharbour Lane, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Hannah Tomlins
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, 125 Coldharbour Lane, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Justin Joachim
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, 125 Coldharbour Lane, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Izajur Rahman
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, 125 Coldharbour Lane, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Phoebe Kitscha
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, 125 Coldharbour Lane, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Karen Frudd
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, 125 Coldharbour Lane, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Maddy Parsons
- School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Randall Division of Cell & Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Aleksandar Ivetic
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, 125 Coldharbour Lane, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
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47
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Abstract
During the very first days of mammalian development, the embryo forms a structure called the blastocyst. The blastocyst consists of two cell types: the trophectoderm (TE), which implants the embryo in the uterus and the inner cell mass (ICM), which gives rise to all cells of the mammalian body. Previous works identified how cells differentiate according to their position within the embryo: TE for surface cells and ICM for internal cells. It is therefore essential to understand how cells acquire their position in the first place. During the formation of the blastocyst, cells distort and relocate as a consequence of forces that are generated by the cells themselves. Recently, several important studies have identified the forces and cellular mechanisms leading to the shaping of the ICM. Here, I describe how these studies led us to understand how contractile forces shape the mammalian embryo to position and differentiate the ICM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Léon Maître
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3215 Inserm U934, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris, France - Équipe mécanique du développement mammifère, Unité Génétique et Biologie du Développement, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 05, France
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48
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Quan C, Yan Y, Qin Z, Lin Z, Quan T. Ezrin regulates skin fibroblast size/mechanical properties and YAP-dependent proliferation. J Cell Commun Signal 2017; 12:549-560. [PMID: 28889372 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-017-0406-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ezrin acts as a dynamic linkage between plasma membrane and cytoskeleton, and thus involved in many fundamental cellular functions. Yet, its potential role in human skin is virtually unknown. Here we investigate the role of Ezrin in primary skin fibroblasts, the major cells responsible extracellular matrix (ECM) production. We report that Ezrin play an important role in the maintenance of skin fibroblast size/mechanical properties and proliferation. siRNA-mediated Ezrin knockdown decreased fibroblast size and mechanical properties, and thus impaired the nuclear translocation of YAP, a protein commonly response to cell size and mechanical force. Functionally, depletion of Ezrin significantly inhibited YAP target gene expression and fibroblast proliferation. Conversely, restoration of YAP nuclear translocation by overexpression of constitutively active YAP reversed YAP target genes expression and rescued proliferation in Ezrin knockdown cells. These data reveal a novel role for Ezrin in maintenance of fibroblast size/mechanical force and regulating YAP-mediated proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunji Quan
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University Medical College, 133000 Yanji, Jilin, Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Dermatology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Zhaoping Qin
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive Medical Science I, Room 6447, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0609, USA
| | - Zhenhua Lin
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University Medical College, 133000 Yanji, Jilin, Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Taihao Quan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive Medical Science I, Room 6447, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0609, USA.
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49
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Pontes B, Monzo P, Gauthier NC. Membrane tension: A challenging but universal physical parameter in cell biology. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 71:30-41. [PMID: 28851599 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane separates the interior of cells from the outside environment. The membrane tension, defined as the force per unit length acting on a cross-section of membrane, regulates many vital biological processes. In this review, we summarize the first historical findings and the latest advances, showing membrane tension as an important physical parameter in cell biology. We also discuss how this parameter must be better integrated and we propose experimental approaches for key unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Pontes
- LPO-COPEA, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Pascale Monzo
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Nils C Gauthier
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy.
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50
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Borger JG, Morrison VL, Filby A, Garcia C, Uotila LM, Simbari F, Fagerholm SC, Zamoyska R. Caveolin-1 Influences LFA-1 Redistribution upon TCR Stimulation in CD8 T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017. [PMID: 28637901 PMCID: PMC5523581 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
TCR stimulation by peptide-MHC complexes on APCs requires precise reorganization of molecules into the area of cellular contact to form an immunological synapse from where T cell signaling is initiated. Caveolin (Cav)1, a widely expressed transmembrane protein, is involved in the regulation of membrane composition, cellular polarity and trafficking, and the organization of signal transduction pathways. The presence of Cav1 protein in T cells was identified only recently, and its function in this context is not well understood. We show that Cav1-knockout CD8 T cells have a reduction in membrane cholesterol and sphingomyelin, and upon TCR triggering they exhibit altered morphology and polarity, with reduced effector function compared with Cav1 wild-type CD8 T cells. In particular, redistribution of the β2 integrin LFA-1 to the immunological synapse is compromised in Cav1-knockout T cells, as is the ability of LFA-1 to form high-avidity interactions with ICAM-1. Our results identify a role for Cav1 in membrane organization and β2 integrin function in primary CD8 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica G Borger
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew Filby
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom; and
| | - Celine Garcia
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, United Kingdom
| | - Liisa M Uotila
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fabio Simbari
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rose Zamoyska
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, United Kingdom;
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