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Chaudhary V, Kumari S, Pal B. Serum Levels of Vitamins and Trace Elements in Patients with Visceral Leishmaniasis: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:4345-4356. [PMID: 38109004 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-04015-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a fatal disease prevalent in more than 70 countries, poses significant health challenges, particularly in poor communities with limited access to healthcare. Vitamins and trace elements play a crucial role in immune function and may influence susceptibility to VL. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the differences in serum vitamin and trace element levels in VL patients compared to healthy individuals. We conducted an extensive search of databases (PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar) to identify potentially eligible articles published from inception to June 2023. Data extraction and quality assessment were carried out by two reviewers independently. RevMan software (version 5.4) was used for analysis. Standardized mean difference (SMD) with a confidence interval (CI) of 95% was used to summarize the findings. Ten studies comprising 546 VL patients and 535 controls were included in our study. The findings revealed significantly reduced serum retinol levels in VL patients in comparison to controls (SMD: - 0.67; 95% CI: [- 1.05, - 0.28]; p = 0.0008). Serum zinc levels were also substantially lower in VL patients, regardless of controls recruited from endemic (SMD: - 2.65; 95% CI: [- 3.86, - 1.44]; p < 0.0001) or non-endemic regions (SMD: - 1.99; 95% CI: [- 3.02, - 0.96]; p < 0.0002). However, VL patients exhibited significantly increased serum copper levels compared to controls (SMD: 2.51; 95% CI: [0.70, 4.32]; p = 0.007). Patients with VL had lower serum levels of zinc and retinol and higher levels of copper, indicating a possible role of these micronutrients in influencing VL susceptibility and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Chaudhary
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Sweta Kumari
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Biplab Pal
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India.
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2
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Pal B, Mishra AK, Raj H, Chaudhary V, Khurana N, Azharuddin M, Kumari S. Serum Zinc Level and Efficacy of Zinc Therapy in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:1856-1865. [PMID: 37535217 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03797-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a parasitic skin disease prevalent in many parts of the world. Zinc has been investigated for its potential role in the immune response against Leishmania parasites. This study aimed to systematically review the literature and conduct meta-analyses to evaluate the serum zinc level and efficacy of zinc therapy in cutaneous leishmaniasis. A comprehensive search of electronic databases was performed to find studies reporting serum zinc levels and the efficacy of zinc therapy in cutaneous leishmaniasis. Meta-analyses were conducted using RevMan software (version 5.4), calculating the mean difference for serum zinc levels and risk ratio for the efficacy of zinc therapy. A total of 11 studies with 1009 participants were evaluated. Five of these studies, comprising 637 participants, examined serum zinc levels; the remaining six, involving 372 individuals, examined the effectiveness of zinc therapy in treating cutaneous leishmaniasis. The results showed that the serum zinc level was significantly lower in cutaneous leishmaniasis patients compared to controls (MD: - 26.65; 95% CI: [- 42.74, - 10.57]; p = 0.001). However, zinc therapy did not demonstrate a significant clinical improvement compared to standard treatment (RR: 0.96; 95% CI: [0.74, 1.23], p = 0.73).
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Affiliation(s)
- Biplab Pal
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Harsh Raj
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Vaibhav Chaudhary
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Navneet Khurana
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Mohammad Azharuddin
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Sweta Kumari
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, 144411, India.
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3
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Kumar VU, Kt MF, Sharma A, Bisht P, Dhingra S, Ravichandiran V, Ramesh M, Murti K. The Possible Role of Selected Vitamins and Minerals in the Therapeutic Outcomes of Leishmaniasis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:1672-1688. [PMID: 35779182 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03311-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a protozoal disease declared as an endemic in areas suffering from severe malnutrition and poverty. The factors associated with poverty like low income, ecological factors, and malnutrition cause disruption in immunity and host defense increasing risk of infection. Altered resistance to infection and host susceptibility are associated with low micronutrient levels in undernourished patients. Malnutrition has been recognized as a poor predictive marker for leishmaniasis, in particular the deficiency of trace elements like zinc, iron, and vitamin A, B, C, D which has a prominent function in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity, cell proliferation, human physiology, etc. Malnourishment can exacerbate host sensitivity and pathophysiologic intensity to infection in variety of ways, whereas infection can enhance underlying poor nutrition or enhance host vulnerability and sandfly's urge to attack specific hosts. The intensity of leishmaniasis can be influenced by body mass and micronutrient availability in the blood. Vitamin D, C, zinc, and iron are proved effective in inhibiting the growth of leishmaniasis in both amastigote or promastigote forms, either directly or by acting as precursor for a pathway which inhibits the parasite growth. This article elucidates a new perception to the crucial role of micronutrients and their probable role in the therapeutic outcomes of leishmaniasis. Since there is requirement of novel drugs to fight drug resistance and relapse of leishmaniasis, this article may pave way to understand the importance of micronutrients and their role in therapeutic outcomes of leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Udaya Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Muhammed Favas Kt
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)- SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Ayush Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Priya Bisht
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Sameer Dhingra
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - V Ravichandiran
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Kolkata, West Bengal, Kolkata, India
| | - M Ramesh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy Mysuru, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India
| | - Krishna Murti
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hajipur, Bihar, India.
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4
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Sobotyk C, Baldissera FG, Rodrigues Junior LC, Romão PRT, de Oliveira JS, Dornelles GL, de Andrade CM, Maciel RM, Danesi CC, de Padua Ferreira RV, Bellini MH, de Avila Botton S, Vogel FSF, Sangioni LA. Zinc and Manganese Imbalances in BALB/c Mice Experimentally Infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. Acta Parasitol 2023:10.1007/s11686-023-00666-1. [PMID: 36884141 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-023-00666-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The clinical progression of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis infection depends on multiple factors, including immunological status of the host and their genotypic interaction. Several immunological processes depend directly on minerals for an efficient performance. Therefore, this study used an experimental model to investigate the alterations of trace metals in L. amazonensis infection associate with clinical outcome, parasite load, and histopathological lesions, and the effect of CD4 + T cells depletion on these parameters. METHODS A total of 28 BALB/c mice were divided into 4 groups: 1-non-infected; 2-treated with anti-CD4 antibody; 3-infected with L. amazonensis; and 4-treated with anti-CD4 antibody and infected with L. amazonensis. After 24 weeks post-infection, levels of calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), Cu, and Zn were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy using tissue samples of the spleen, liver, and kidneys. Additionally, parasite burdens were determined in the infected footpad (inoculation site) and samples of inguinal lymph node, spleen, liver, and kidneys were submitted to histopathological analysis. RESULTS Despite no significant difference was observed between groups 3 and 4, L. amazonensis-infected mice had a significant reduction of Zn (65.68-68.32%) and Mn (65.98 to 82.17%) levels. Presence of L. amazonensis amastigotes was also detected in the inguinal lymph node, spleen, and liver samples in all infected animals. CONCLUSION The results showed that significant alterations in micro-elements levels occur in BALB/c mice experimentally infected with L. amazonensis and may increase the susceptibility of individuals to the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Sobotyk
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, PPGMV, UFSM, Av. Roraima, 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105900, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Giesel Baldissera
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Rodrigues Junior
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Pedro Roosevelt Torres Romão
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Juliana Sorraila de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária (PPGMV), Departamento de Clínica de Pequenos Animais, Universidade Federal de Santa (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105900, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Lopes Dornelles
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária (PPGMV), Departamento de Clínica de Pequenos Animais, Universidade Federal de Santa (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105900, Brazil
| | - Cinthia Melazzo de Andrade
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária (PPGMV), Departamento de Clínica de Pequenos Animais, Universidade Federal de Santa (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105900, Brazil
| | - Roberto Marinho Maciel
- Departamento de Patologia, UFSM, Av. Roraima, 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105900, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Vicente de Padua Ferreira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular do Câncer, Centro de Biotecnologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 2242, Cidade Universitária, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena Bellini
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular do Câncer, Centro de Biotecnologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 2242, Cidade Universitária, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Sônia de Avila Botton
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, PPGMV, UFSM, Av. Roraima, 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Silveira Flores Vogel
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, PPGMV, UFSM, Av. Roraima, 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105900, Brazil
| | - Luis Antonio Sangioni
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, PPGMV, UFSM, Av. Roraima, 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105900, Brazil
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Folorunso OM, Bocca B, Ruggieri F, Frazzoli C, Chijioke-Nwauche I, Orisakwe OE. Heavy metals and inflammatory, oxidative/antioxidant and DNA damage biomarkers among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Niger Delta, Nigeria. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2023; 58:295-313. [PMID: 36876887 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2023.2185004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the association of heavy metals (HMs) and effect biomarkers (inflammation, oxidative stress/antioxidant capacity and DNA damage) among people living with HIV/AIDS (PHWHA) in Niger Delta area, Nigeria. Blood levels of lead (BPb), cadmium (BCd), copper (BCu), zinc (BZn), iron (BFe), C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Glutathione (GSH) and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were determined in a total of 185 participants, 104 HIV-positive and 81 HIV-negative sampled in both Niger Delta and non-Niger Delta regions. BCd (p < 0.001) and BPb (p = 0.139) were higher in HIV-positive subjects compared to HIV-negative controls; on the contrary, BCu, BZn and BFe levels were lower (p < 0.001) in HIV-positive subjects compared to HIV-negative controls. The Niger Delta population had higher levels of heavy metals (p < 0.01) compared to non-Niger Delta residents. CRP and 8-OHdG were higher (p < 0.001) in HIV-positive than in HIV-negative subjects and in Niger-Delta than in non-Niger Delta residents. BCu had significant positive dose-response relationship with CRP (61.9%, p = 0.063) and GSH (1.64%, p = 0.035) levels in HIV-positive subjects, and negative response with MDA levels (26.6%, p < 0.001). Periodic assessment of HMs levels among PLWHA is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Opeyemi M Folorunso
- African Centre of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, PMB, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Beatrice Bocca
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Ruggieri
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Frazzoli
- Department for Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseas, and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Ifeyinwa Chijioke-Nwauche
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Orish E Orisakwe
- African Centre of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, PMB, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
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6
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Zou P, Du Y, Yang C, Cao Y. Trace element zinc and skin disorders. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:1093868. [PMID: 36733937 PMCID: PMC9887131 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1093868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc is a necessary trace element and an important constituent of proteins and other biological molecules. It has many biological functions, including antioxidant, skin and mucous membrane integrity maintenance, and the promotion of various enzymatic and transcriptional responses. The skin contains the third most zinc in the organism. Zinc deficiency can lead to a range of skin diseases. Except for acrodermatitis enteropathic, a rare genetic zinc deficiency, it has also been reported in other diseases. In recent years, zinc supplementation has been widely used for various skin conditions, including infectious diseases (viral warts, genital herpes, cutaneous leishmaniasis, leprosy), inflammatory diseases (hidradenitis suppurativa, acne vulgaris, rosacea, eczematous dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, Behcet's disease, oral lichen planus), pigmentary diseases (vitiligo, melasma), tumor-associated diseases (basal cell carcinoma), endocrine and metabolic diseases (necrolytic migratory erythema, necrolytic acral erythema), hair diseases (alopecia), and so on. We reviewed the literature on zinc application in dermatology to provide references for better use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zou
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuxin Du
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunguang Yang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Chunguang Yang ✉
| | - Yuchun Cao
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Yuchun Cao ✉
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Vásquez-Procopio J, Espejel-Nuñez A, Torres-Torres J, Martinez-Portilla RJ, Espino Y. Sosa S, Mateu-Rogell P, Ortega-Castillo V, Tolentino-Dolores M, Perichart-Perera O, Franco-Gallardo JO, Carranco-Martínez JA, Prieto-Rodríguez S, Guzmán-Huerta M, Missirlis F, Estrada-Gutierrez G. Inflammatory-Metal Profile as a Hallmark for COVID-19 Severity During Pregnancy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:935363. [PMID: 36016660 PMCID: PMC9395991 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.935363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy makes women more susceptible to infectious agents; however, available data on the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on pregnant women are limited. To date, inflammatory responses and changes in serum metal concentration have been reported in COVID-19 patients, but few associations between metal ions and cytokines have been described. The aim of this study was to evaluate correlations between inflammatory markers and serum metal ions in third-trimester pregnant women with varying COVID-19 disease severity. Patients with severe symptoms had increased concentrations of serum magnesium, copper, and calcium ions and decreased concentrations of iron, zinc, and sodium ions. Potassium ions were unaffected. Pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8, IL-1α, anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4, and the IP-10 chemokine were induced in the severe presentation of COVID-19 during pregnancy. Robust negative correlations between iron/magnesium and zinc/IL-6, and a positive correlation between copper/IP-10 were observed in pregnant women with the severe form of the disease. Thus, coordinated alterations of serum metal ions and inflammatory markers – suggestive of underlying pathophysiological interactions—occur during SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johana Vásquez-Procopio
- Department of Immunobiochemistry, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aurora Espejel-Nuñez
- Department of Immunobiochemistry, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Paloma Mateu-Rogell
- Clinical Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Otilia Perichart-Perera
- Department of Nutrition and Bioprogramming, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Mario Guzmán-Huerta
- Department of Translational Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fanis Missirlis
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Guadalupe Estrada-Gutierrez, ; Fanis Missirlis,
| | - Guadalupe Estrada-Gutierrez
- Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Guadalupe Estrada-Gutierrez, ; Fanis Missirlis,
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Kunutsor SK, Voutilainen A, Laukkanen JA. Serum copper-to-zinc ratio and risk of incident pneumonia in caucasian men: a prospective cohort study. Biometals 2022; 35:921-933. [PMID: 35781862 PMCID: PMC9546975 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00414-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Serum copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), essential micronutrients that have important immunomodulatory and antimicrobial properties, are biomarkers of ageing. Serum Cu/Zn-ratio may be a more reliable marker for age-related degenerative conditions compared with serum Cu or Zn alone. We aimed to assess the association between Cu/Zn-ratio and the risk of incident pneumonia in a prospective cohort study. Serum levels of Cu and Zn were measured at baseline using atomic absorption spectrometry in 2503 men aged 42–61 years in the Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease prospective cohort study. Hazard ratios (HRs) with confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for incident pneumonia using Cox regression models. A total of 599 cases of pneumonia occurred during a median follow-up of 26.1 years. Serum Cu/Zn-ratio and Cu were each linearly associated with incident pneumonia. A unit increase in Cu/Zn-ratio was associated with an increased risk of pneumonia in analysis adjusted for potential confounders including C-reactive protein (HR 1.65; 95% CI 1.17–2.33). The corresponding adjusted HR (95% CI) was 2.04 (1.22–3.40) for serum Cu. The association between serum Zn and pneumonia was curvilinear. Compared to the bottom tertile of Zn, the multivariable adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for incident pneumonia were 0.68 (0.55–0.83) and 0.96 (0.79–1.16) for the middle and top tertiles of Zn, respectively. Further analysis in the same participants showed that Cu/Zn-ratio might be a stronger risk indicator for pneumonia than serum C-reactive protein. In middle-aged and older Finnish men, increased serum Cu/Zn-ratio and Cu concentrations are each linearly associated with an increased risk of incident pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setor K Kunutsor
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Learning & Research Building (Level 1), Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.
- Department of Medicine, Central Finland Health Care District Hospital District, Jyvaskyla, Finland.
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester, LE5 4WP, UK.
| | - Ari Voutilainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari A Laukkanen
- Department of Medicine, Central Finland Health Care District Hospital District, Jyvaskyla, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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9
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Taghipour A, Abdoli A, Ramezani A, Abolghazi A, Mofazzal Jahromi MA, Maani S, Heidar Nejadi SM, Rasti S, Shams M, Ghasemi E. Leishmaniasis and Trace Element Alterations: a Systematic Review. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:3918-3938. [PMID: 33405078 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02505-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a worldwide prevalent parasitic infection caused by different species of the genus Leishmania. Clinically, the disease divided into three main forms, including visceral leishmaniasis (VL), cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL). There is no vaccine for human leishmaniasis and their treatment is challenging. Trace elements (TEs) alteration, including the selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), ron (Fe), and magnesium (Mg) have been detected in patients with CL and VL as well as canine leishmaniasis. Because TEs play a pivotal role in the immune system, and host immune responses have crucial roles in defense against leishmaniasis, this systematic review aimed to summarize data regarding TEs alteration in human and animal leishmaniasis as well as the role of these elements as an adjuvant for treatment of leishmaniasis. In a setting of systematic review, we found 29 eligible articles (any date until October 1, 2020) regarding TEs in human CL (N = 12), human VL (N = 4), canine leishmaniasis (N = 3), and treatment of leishmaniasis based on TEs (N = 11), which one study examined the TEs level both in CL and VL patients. Our analysis demonstrated a significantly decreased level of Fe, Zn, and Se among human CL and canine leishmaniasis, and Zn and Fe in patients with VL. In contrast, an increased level of Cu in CL patients and Cu and Mg in VL patients and canine leishmaniasis was observed. Treatment of CL based zinc supplementation revealed enhancement of wound healing and diminished scar formation in human and experimentally infected animals. The results of this systematic review indicate that the TEs have important roles in leishmaniasis, which could be assessed as a prognosis factor in this disease. It is suggested that TEs could be prescribed as an adjuvant for the treatment of CL and VL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Taghipour
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Abdoli
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 74148-46199, Ostad Motahari Ave, Jahrom, Iran.
- Zoonoses Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.
| | - Afifeh Ramezani
- Student Research Committee, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Ahmad Abolghazi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 74148-46199, Ostad Motahari Ave, Jahrom, Iran
- Zoonoses Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Mirza Ali Mofazzal Jahromi
- Department of Advanced Medical Sciences & Technologies, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
- Research Center for Noncommunicable Diseases, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Salar Maani
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 74148-46199, Ostad Motahari Ave, Jahrom, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | | | - Sima Rasti
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Morteza Shams
- Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Ezatollah Ghasemi
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
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Monteiro MJDSD, da Silva MNP, Paiva ADA, Marreiro DDN, Luzia LA, Henriques GS, Rondó PHDC, Sene IDS, de Almeida ATA, Costa CHN, Costa DL. Nutritional status and vitamin A and zinc levels in patients with kala-azar in Piauí, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2021; 54:e08002020. [PMID: 34495261 PMCID: PMC8437443 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0800-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malnutrition and kala-azar (or visceral leishmaniasis) are significant public health problems in different parts of the world. Immunity and susceptibility to infectious and parasitic diseases are directly linked to the host's nutritional state, but little is known about the interaction between nutrition and kala-azar. This study aimed to evaluate nutritional status with kala-azar and correlate these findings with the clinical and laboratory manifestations of the disease, and zinc and retinol levels. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 139 patients with kala-azar. Nutritional status classification was performed according to international recommendations. Parametric or nonparametric tests were applied whenever indicated in a two-sided test with a 5% significance level. RESULTS Weight loss and malnutrition were more frequent in adults. Body mass index-for-age, fat area of the arm, and upper arm muscle area were significantly associated with probability of death. The presence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly was correlated with nutritional assessment. Blood leukocyte and lymphocyte, serum creatine, and vitamin A levels were significantly higher in adult men. Vitamin A levels were highly associated with the level of hemoglobin and C-reactive protein (CRP) in multivariate analysis. All patients had reduced plasma zinc levels, but this finding had no association with the outcome variables. CONCLUSIONS Malnutrition was correlated with severe disease and was more prevalent in older people with kala-azar. Vitamin A deficiency was associated with hemoglobin and CRP. Zinc levels were reduced in patients with kala-azar.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Nauside Pessoa da Silva
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | | | | | - Liania Alves Luzia
- Universidade de São Paulo, Laboratório de Micronutrientes, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Gilberto Simeone Henriques
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Enfermagem, Laboratório Experimental de Nutrição, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | | | - Ingridi de Souza Sene
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, Laboratório de Pesquisas em Leishmanioses, Teresina, PI, Brasil
- Laboratório de Anatomia Patológica e Biologia Molecular, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | | | - Carlos Henrique Nery Costa
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, Laboratório de Pesquisas em Leishmanioses, Teresina, PI, Brasil
- Centro de Inteligência para Agravos Tropicais Emergentes e Negligenciados, Teresina, PI, Brasil
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, Departamento de Medicina Comunitária, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - Dorcas Lamounier Costa
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, Laboratório de Pesquisas em Leishmanioses, Teresina, PI, Brasil
- Centro de Inteligência para Agravos Tropicais Emergentes e Negligenciados, Teresina, PI, Brasil
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, Departamento Materno-Infantil, Teresina, PI, Brasil
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Baj J, Flieger W, Flieger M, Forma A, Sitarz E, Skórzyńska-Dziduszko K, Grochowski C, Maciejewski R, Karakuła-Juchnowicz H. Autism spectrum disorder: Trace elements imbalances and the pathogenesis and severity of autistic symptoms. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 129:117-132. [PMID: 34339708 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The identification of biomarkers as diagnostic tools and predictors of response to treatment of neurological developmental disorders (NDD) such as schizophrenia (SZ), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or autism spectrum disorder (ASD), still remains an important challenge for clinical medicine. Metallomic profiles of ASD patients cover, besides essential elements such as cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, selenium, also toxic metals burden of: aluminum, arsenic, mercury, lead, beryllium, nickel, cadmium. Performed studies indicate that children with ASD present a reduced ability of eliminating toxic metals, which leads to these metals' accumulation and aggravation of autistic symptoms. Extensive metallomic studies allow a better understanding of the importance of trace elements as environmental factors in the pathogenesis of ASD. Even though a mineral imbalance is a fact in ASD, we are still expecting relevant tests and the elaboration of reference levels of trace elements as potential biomarkers useful in diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Baj
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego Street 8b, 20-400, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Flieger
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Aleje Racławickie 1, 20-059, Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Flieger
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Aleje Racławickie 1, 20-059, Lublin, Poland
| | - Alicja Forma
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego Street 8b, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Sitarz
- Chair and 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Gluska Street 1, 20-439, Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Skórzyńska-Dziduszko
- Chair and Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwillowska Street 11, Lublin, 20-080, Poland
| | - Cezary Grochowski
- Laboratory of Virtual Man, Chair of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego Street 8b, 20-400, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ryszard Maciejewski
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego Street 8b, 20-400, Lublin, Poland
| | - Hanna Karakuła-Juchnowicz
- Chair and 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Gluska Street 1, 20-439, Lublin, Poland; Department of Clinical Neuropsychiatry, Medical University of Lublin, Gluska Street 1, 20-439, Lublin, Poland
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12
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The effect of curcumin on serum copper, zinc, and zinc/copper ratio in patients with β-thalassemia intermedia: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Ann Hematol 2021; 100:627-633. [PMID: 33432439 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-021-04397-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Thalassemia intermedia is a subgroup of β-thalassemia which originates from mutations in the beta-globin gene. Zinc and copper play important roles in the metabolism. Due to its significant therapeutic effects, curcumin has led many studies to focus on curcumin. In a double-blind clinical trial study, 30 patients with beta-thalassemia intermedia with an age range of 20 to 35 years were randomly selected 1:1 to receive either curcumin or placebo for 3 months. Before and after the intervention period, 5 ml of blood was taken to determine the serum levels of zinc and copper. The laboratory tests were checked at baseline and at the end of the treatment. While the serum levels of zinc and zinc/copper significantly increased, the serum levels of copper decreased after 3 months of curcumin intake. In addition, on the basis of baseline characteristics, a negative correlation was found between zinc and body mass index and positive correlations were identified between copper with triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein. Also, the level of ferritin protein in the curcumin group compared to the placebo group showed a significant decrease after 3 months of curcumin use. Therefore, it could be concluded that curcumin might exert a net protective effect on copper toxicity in thalassemia intermedia patients. The investigation also implicated that curcumin represents an approach to regulating zinc homeostasis and may be useful as a complementary treatment of patients with thalassemia intermedia, especially in patients with zinc deficiency or low serum zinc/copper ratio. Clinical Trial Registration Number: IRCT20190902044668N1.
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Feleke BE, Feleke TE. Micronutrient levels and their effects on the prognosis of visceral leishmaniasis treatment, a prospective cohort study. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:867. [PMID: 33213392 PMCID: PMC7678206 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05615-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Micronutrients are minerals and vitamins and they are essential for normal physiological activities. The objectives of the study were to describe the progress and determinants of micronutrient levels and to assess the effects of micronutrients in the treatment outcome of kalazar. METHODS A prospective cohort study design was used. The data were collected using patient interviews, measuring anthropometric indicators, and collecting laboratory samples. The blood samples were collected at five different periods during the leishmaniasis treatments: before starting anti-leishmaniasis treatments, in the first week, in the second week, in the third week, and in the 4th week of anti-leishmaniasis treatments. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the profile of patients and to compare the treatment success rate. The generalized estimating equation was used to identify the determinants of serum micronutrients. RESULTS The mean age of the patients were 32.88 years [SD (standard deviation) ±15.95]. Male constitute 62.3% of the patients and problematic alcohol use was present in 11.5% of the patients. The serum zinc level of visceral leishmaniasis patients was affected by alcohol (B - 2.7 [95% CI: - 4.01 - -1.5]), DDS (B 9.75 [95% CI: 7.71-11.79]), family size (B -1.63 [95% CI: - 2.68 - -0.58]), HIV (B -2.95 [95% CI: - 4.97 - -0.92]), and sex (B - 1.28 [95% CI: - 2.5 - -0.07]). The serum iron level of visceral leishmaniasis patients was affected by alcohol (B 7.6 [95% CI: 5.86-9.35]), family size (B -5.14 [95% CI: - 7.01 - -3.28]), malaria (B -12.69 [95% CI: - 14.53 - -10.87]), Hookworm (- 4.48 [- 6.82 - -2.14]), chronic diseases (B -7.44 [95% CI: - 9.75 - -5.13]), and HIV (B -5.51 [95% CI: - 8.23 - -2.78]). The serum selenium level of visceral leishmaniasis patient was affected by HIV (B -18.1 [95% CI: - 20.63 - -15.58]) and family size (B -11.36 [95% CI: - 13.02 - -9.7]). The iodine level of visceral leishmaniasis patient was affected by HIV (B -38.02 [95% CI: - 41.98 - -34.06]), DDS (B 25 .84 [95% CI: 22.57-29.1]), smoking (B -12.34 [95% CI: - 15.98 - -8.7]), chronic illness (B -5.14 [95% CI: - 7.82 - -2.46]), and regular physical exercise (B 5.82 [95% CI: 0.39-11.26]). The serum vitamin D level of visceral leishmaniasis patient was affected by HIV (B -9.43 [95% CI: - 10.92 - -7.94]), DDS (B 16.24 [95% CI: 14.89-17.58]), malaria (B -0.61 [95% CI: - 3.37 - -3.37]), and family size (B -1.15 [95% CI: - 2.03 - -0.28]). The serum vitamin A level of visceral leishmaniasis patient was affected by residence (B 0.81 [95% CI: 0.08-1.54]), BMI (B 1.52 [95% CI: 0.42-2.6]), DDS (B 1.62 [95% CI: 0.36-2.88]), family size (B -5.03 [95% CI: - 5.83 - -4.22]), HIV (B -2.89 [95% CI: - 4.44 - -1.34]),MUAC (B 0.86 [95% CI: 0.52-1.21]), and age (B 0.09 [95% CI: 0.07-0.12]). CONCLUSION The micronutrient levels of visceral leishmaniasis patients were significantly lower. The anti-leishmaniasis treatment did not increase the serum micronutrient level of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berhanu Elfu Feleke
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Bahir Dar, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
| | - Teferi Elfu Feleke
- Department of pediatrics and child health, Wolkite University, Butajira, Ethiopia
- General hospital, Wolkite, Ethiopia
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Laine JT, Tuomainen TP, Salonen JT, Virtanen JK. Serum copper-to-zinc-ratio and risk of incident infection in men: the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. Eur J Epidemiol 2020; 35:1149-1156. [PMID: 32405672 PMCID: PMC7762744 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-020-00644-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Infections are one of the main causes of mortality in elderly due to the decrease of immune response, for which copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) are claimed to be crucial. High serum copper-to-zinc-ratio (Cu/Zn-ratio) has been reported with infections, but little is known whether it could also predict the incidence of infections. The study cohort consisted of 1975 men aged 42–60 years and free of severe infectious disease at baseline in 1984–1989 from the prospective population-based Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. The main outcome was an incident infection leading to hospitalization. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used for statistical analysis. During the average follow-up of 19.2 years, 636 incident first cases of infections were diagnosed. The hazard ratio (HR) of developing an incident infectious disease in the highest compared to the lowest Cu/Zn-ratio quartile after adjustment for age and baseline examination year was 1.35 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07–1.69, P-trend across quartiles = 0.005]. The association was slightly attenuated after additional adjustment for potential confounders (HR = 1.21, 95% CI = 0.96–1.53, P-trend = 0.054). Furthermore, higher serum Cu concentration was associated with higher risk of an incident infection. The multivariable-adjusted HR was 1.39 (95% CI = 1.10–1.75, P-trend = 0.005) in the highest versus the lowest serum Cu quartile. Serum Zn concentration was not associated with the risk (multivariable-adjusted extreme-quartile HR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.67–1.04, P-trend = 0.218). In conclusion, our data suggest that an increased Cu/Zn-ratio and especially serum Cu concentration are associated with increased risk of incident infections in middle-aged and older men in Eastern Finland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko T Laine
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jukka T Salonen
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,MAS-Metabolic Analytical Services Oy, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jyrki K Virtanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
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15
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Bastos DSS, Miranda BM, Fialho Martins TV, Guimarães Ervilha LO, Souza ACF, de Oliveira Emerick S, Carneiro da Silva A, Novaes RD, Neves MM, Santos EC, de Oliveira LL, Marques-da-Silva EDA. Lipophosphoglycan-3 recombinant protein vaccine controls hepatic parasitism and prevents tissue damage in mice infected by Leishmania infantum chagasi. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 126:110097. [PMID: 32203891 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS In this work, we aimed to evaluate the effects of the Leishmania infantum chagasi infection on the liver of vaccinated mice, considering parameters of tissue damage and the inflammatory response elicited by vaccination. MAIN METHODS We used recombinant LPG3 protein (rLPG3) as immunogen in BALB/c mice before challenge with promastigote forms of L. infantum chagasi. The animals were separated into five groups: NI: non-infected animals; NV: non-vaccinated; SAP: treated with saponin; rLPG3: immunized with rLPG3; rLPG3 + SAP: immunized with rLPG3 plus SAP. The experiment was conducted in replicate, and the vaccination protocol consisted of three subcutaneous doses of rLPG3 (40 μg + two boosters of 20 μg). The mice were challenged two weeks after the last immunization. KEY FINDINGS Our results showed that rLPG3 + SAP immunization decreased the parasite burden in 99 %, conferring immunological protection in the liver of the infected animals. Moreover, the immunization improved the antioxidant defenses, increasing CAT and GST activity, while reducing the levels of oxidative stress markers, such as H2O2 and NO3/NO2, and carbonyl protein in the organ. As a consequence, rLPG3 + SAP immunization preserved tissue integrity and reduced the granuloma formation, inflammatory infiltrate and serum levels of AST, ALT, and ALP. SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, these results showed that rLPG3 vaccine confers liver protection against L. infantum chagasi in mice, while maintaining the liver tissue protected against the harmful inflammatory effects caused by the vaccine followed by the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rômulo Dias Novaes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, MG, Brazil
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Nweze JA, Nweze EI, Onoja US. Nutrition, malnutrition, and leishmaniasis. Nutrition 2019; 73:110712. [PMID: 32078915 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.110712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne infectious disease with a long history of infecting humans and other animals. It is a known emerging or resurging disease. The host nutritional state has an indispensable role in defense against pathogens. The host defense system disorganization as a result of undernutrition is responsible for asymptomatic infections and even severe diseases. Host susceptibility and pathophysiologic severity to infection can be aggravated owing to undernourishment in a number of pathways, and infection also may aggravate preexisting poor nutrition or further increase host susceptibility. This study suggests that there may be some relationship between malnutrition and the endemicity of the parasite. The susceptibility to and severity of leishmanial infection can be altered by the body weight and serum levels of micronutrients. Nutrition not only affects the vulnerability of the host but also may affect the desire of sandfly to bite a specific host. Apart from host defense mechanism, nutritional stress also greatly influences vector competence and host-seeking behavior, especially during larvae development. The host and sandfly vector nutritional states could also influence the evolution of the parasite. It is essential to elucidate the roles that diets and nutrition play in the leishmanial life cycle. The aim of this article is to review the influences of nutrition and diets on the host susceptibility and severity of infection, preemptive and therapeutic strategy feedback, parasite evolution, and vector competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justus Amuche Nweze
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Emeka Innocent Nweze
- Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
| | - Uwakwe Simon Onoja
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
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Smirlis D, Dingli F, Pescher P, Prina E, Loew D, Rachidi N, Späth GF. SILAC-based quantitative proteomics reveals pleiotropic, phenotypic modulation in primary murine macrophages infected with the protozoan pathogen Leishmania donovani. J Proteomics 2019; 213:103617. [PMID: 31846769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniases are major vector-borne tropical diseases responsible for great human morbidity and mortality, caused by protozoan, trypanosomatid parasites of the genus Leishmania. In the mammalian host, parasites survive and multiply within mononuclear phagocytes, especially macrophages. However, the underlying mechanisms by which Leishmania spp. affect their host are not fully understood. Herein, proteomic alterations of primary, bone marrow-derived BALB/c macrophages are documented after 72 h of infection with Leishmania donovani insect-stage promastigotes, applying a SILAC-based, quantitative proteomics approach. The protocol was optimised by combining strong anion exchange and gel electrophoresis fractionation that displayed similar depth of analysis (combined total of 6189 mouse proteins). Our analyses revealed 86 differentially modulated proteins (35 showing increased and 51 decreased abundance) in response to Leishmania donovani infection. The proteomics results were validated by analysing the abundance of selected proteins. Intracellular Leishmania donovani infection led to changes in various host cell biological processes, including primary metabolism and catabolic process, with a significant enrichment in lysosomal organisation. Overall, our analysis establishes the first proteome of bona fide primary macrophages infected ex vivo with Leishmania donovani, revealing new mechanisms acting at the host/pathogen interface. SIGNIFICANCE: Little is known on proteome changes that occur in primary macrophages after Leishmania donovani infection. This study describes a SILAC-based quantitative proteomics approach to characterise changes of bone marrow-derived macrophages infected with L. donovani promastigotes for 72 h. With the application of SILAC and the use of SAX and GEL fractionation methods, we have tested new routes for proteome quantification of primary macrophages. The protocols developed here can be applicable to other diseases and pathologies. Moreover, this study sheds important new light on the "proteomic reprogramming" of infected macrophages in response to L. donovani promastigotes that affects primary metabolism, cellular catabolic processes, and lysosomal/vacuole organisation. Thus, our study reveals key molecules and processes that act at the host/pathogen interface that may inform on new immuno- or chemotherapeutic interventions to combat leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina Smirlis
- Institut Pasteur and Institut National de Santé et Recherche Médicale INSERM U1201, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, Paris, France; Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Athens, Greece.
| | - Florent Dingli
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, Centre de Recherche, Institut Curie, Université de recherche PSL, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Pescher
- Institut Pasteur and Institut National de Santé et Recherche Médicale INSERM U1201, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, Paris, France
| | - Eric Prina
- Institut Pasteur and Institut National de Santé et Recherche Médicale INSERM U1201, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, Paris, France
| | - Damarys Loew
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, Centre de Recherche, Institut Curie, Université de recherche PSL, Paris, France
| | - Najma Rachidi
- Institut Pasteur and Institut National de Santé et Recherche Médicale INSERM U1201, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, Paris, France
| | - Gerald F Späth
- Institut Pasteur and Institut National de Santé et Recherche Médicale INSERM U1201, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, Paris, France.
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Ma Y, Zhang X, Fan D, Xia Q, Wang M, Pan F. Common trace metals in rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 56:81-89. [PMID: 31442958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Environmental risk factors regrading rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have not been explored extensively. Selenium (Se), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) nutrients were reported to associate with RA, but the results were inconsistent. Therefore, we conduct present study to meta-analyze the relationship between serum Se, Zn and Cu and RA and review the potential mechanisms. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were comprehensively searched till October 1, 2018 for pertinent studies. Standard mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confident intervals (CIs) were calculated according to random effects model. RESULTS Finally 41 literatures were included. Meta-analysis of 16 studies involving 806 RA patients and 959 health controls showed that serum Se (SMD = -1.04, 95% CI = -1.58 to -0.50) was decreased in RA patients, and 23 literatures with 1398 patients and 1299 controls reported serum Zn (SMD = -1.20, 95% CI = -1.74 to -0.67) was decreased. But serum Cu (SMD = 1.26, 95% CI = 0.63 to -1.89) was increased with 26 studies including 1723 patients and 1451 controls. Meta-regression reported that steroid use was positively related to serum level of Se in RA (β = 0.041, 95% CI = 0.002 to 0.079). Differences in serum Se, Zn and Cu between rheumatoid arthritis patients and controls were all related with the geographical distribution. CONCLUSIONS Patients with RA have significant decreased serum Se and Zn and increased serum Cu than health controls, suggesting potential roles of Se, Zn and Cu in the pathogenesis of RA. Patients and rheumatologist should give enough attention to the monitor of these elements during follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Dazhi Fan
- Foshan Institute of Fetal Medicine, Southern Medical University Affiliated Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Faming Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
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Lahiry S, Bhattacharyya D, Chakraborty A, Sudarshan M, Manna M. Saraca asoca seed extract treatment recovers the trace elements imbalances in experimental murine visceral leishmaniasis. J Parasit Dis 2019; 44:131-136. [PMID: 32174716 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-019-01173-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Saraca asoca is an important plant species of India having variety of medicinal activity such as antiviral, anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer etc. Indian Kala-azar (KA) or visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a protozoan parasitic disease caused by Leishmania sp and is endemic in Indian subcontinent. VL mainly targets the poorest people who have been suffering from deficiency in protein, nutrients and essential trace elements which ultimately leads to immunodeficiency. Essential trace element, Zinc (Zn) controls multiple aspects of innate and adaptive immunity while Iron (Fe) is required for various cellular activities. Bromine (Br) is important for assembly of collagen IV scaffolds in tissue development and helps in signalling and Copper (Cu) performs several functions related to immune system. Intra-cardiac blood was collected from the experimental BALB/c mice groups including (a) healthy control, (b) infected control, (c) Saraca asoca seed extract (Sa-SE) treated groups. The trace elements level in blood of mice was measured by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence technique. Interestingly, the decreased level of Zn, Fe and Br as well as increased level of Cu in diseased state came back to almost normal range upon treatment with Sa-SE. The trace elements imbalances thus were almost restored to normalcy by treating the experimental BALB/c mice with ethanolic seed extract of Saraca asoca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangita Lahiry
- 1Department of Zoology, Bidhannagar College, EB 2, Sector I, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700064 India.,4Present Address: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, 4, Raja S.C. Mallick Road, Kolkata, 700032 India
| | - Debasish Bhattacharyya
- 2Structural Biology and Bio-Informatics Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mallick Road, Kolkata, 700032 India.,Present Address: Kolkata, India
| | - Anindita Chakraborty
- 3UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, LB-8, LB Block, Sector III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata, 700098 India
| | - Mathummal Sudarshan
- 3UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, LB-8, LB Block, Sector III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata, 700098 India
| | - Madhumita Manna
- 1Department of Zoology, Bidhannagar College, EB 2, Sector I, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700064 India
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Abstract
Parasites undergo complex life cycles that comprise a wide variety of cellular differentiation events in different host compartments and transmission across multiple hosts. As parasites depend on host resources, it is not surprising they have developed efficient mechanisms to sense alterations and adapt to the available resources in a wide range of environments. Here we provide an overview of the nutritional needs of different parasites throughout their diverse life stages and highlight recent insights into strategies that both hosts and parasites have developed to meet these nutritional requirements needed for defense, survival, and replication. These studies will provide the foundation for a systems-level understanding of host-parasite interactions, which will require the integration of molecular, epidemiologic, and mechanistic data and the application of interdisciplinary approaches to model parasite regulatory networks that are triggered by alterations in host resources.
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21
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Diagnostic and Severity-Tracking Biomarkers for Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 66:492-511. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1192-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Carbone DCB, Zanoni LZG, Cônsolo FZ, Sanches SC, Reis VQD, Muller KDTC, Carvalho CME, Silva MC. Potential role of zinc in the visceromegaly regression and recovery of hematological parameters during treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in children from an endemic area. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2018; 60:e50. [PMID: 30231161 PMCID: PMC6169088 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201860050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a disease complex with various clinical symptoms caused by different species of parasites of the genus Leishmania. The visceral form of the disease, characterized by severe symptoms is fatal, if not treated. The high toxicity of current antileishmanial drugs and the need for long-term treatment make the therapy complicated, especially in a large number of infected children. Hence, the search for new therapies must be intensified. Oral administration of the trace element zinc has been considered in alternative treatments against different clinical forms of leishmaniasis. This study revealed that the administration of zinc in children with visceral leishmaniasis, during treatment with amphotericin B or glucantime, accelerates the regression of the spleen enlargement without interfering with the recovery of hematological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Cardozo Bonfim Carbone
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lourdes Zélia Garcia Zanoni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Zanoni Cônsolo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Simone Camargo Sanches
- Rede Centro-Oeste de Pós-Graduação, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Quadros Dos Reis
- Hospital Universitário Maria Aparecida Pedrossian, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Cláudia Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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Akuffo H, Costa C, van Griensven J, Burza S, Moreno J, Herrero M. New insights into leishmaniasis in the immunosuppressed. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006375. [PMID: 29746470 PMCID: PMC5944929 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppression contributes significantly to the caseload of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). HIV coinfection, solid organ transplantation, malnutrition, and helminth infections are the most important immunosuppression-related factors. This review briefly describes the challenges of these associations. East Africa and the Indian subcontinent are the places where HIV imposes the highest burden in VL. In the highlands of Northern Ethiopia, migrant rural workers are at a greater risk of coinfection and malnutrition, while in India, HIV reduces the sustainability of a successful elimination programme. As shown from a longitudinal cohort in Madrid, VL is an additional threat to solid organ transplantation. The association with malnutrition is more complex since it can be both a cause and a consequence of VL. Different regimes for therapy and secondary prevention are discussed as well as the role of nutrients on the prophylaxis of VL in poverty-stricken endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Akuffo
- Swedish International Development Agency (Sida), and Microbiology, Tumor and Cell biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Carlos Costa
- Federal University of Piauí, Teresina-PI, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Johan van Griensven
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Javier Moreno
- World Health Centre (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Leishmaniasis, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercè Herrero
- Leishmaniasis, IDM Unit, Neglected Tropical Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
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Custodio E, López‐Alcalde J, Herrero M, Bouza C, Jimenez C, Storcksdieck genannt Bonsmann S, Mouratidou T, López‐Cuadrado T, Benito A, Alvar J. Nutritional supplements for patients being treated for active visceral leishmaniasis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 3:CD012261. [PMID: 29578237 PMCID: PMC6494195 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012261.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a disease caused by a parasite, which can lead to death if untreated. Poor nutritional status hastens the progression of VL infection, and VL worsens malnutrition status. Malnutrition is one of the poor prognostic factors identified for leishmaniasis. However, the effects of nutritional supplementation in people treated for VL are not known. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of oral nutritional supplements in people being treated with anti-leishmanial drug therapy for VL. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group (CIDG) Specialized Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, and two trial registers up to 12 September 2017. We checked conference proceedings and WHO consultative meeting reports, the reference lists of key documents and existing reviews, and contacted experts and nutritional supplement companies. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-randomized controlled trials (quasi-RCTs), and non-randomized controlled trials (NRCTs) of any oral nutritional supplement, compared to no nutritional intervention, placebo, or dietary advice alone, in people being treated for VL. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently screened the literature search results for studies that met the inclusion criteria. We had planned for two review authors to independently extract data and assess the risk of bias of the included studies. We planned to follow the Cochrane standard methodological procedures for assessing risk of bias and analysing the data. MAIN RESULTS We identified no eligible studies for this review, either completed or ongoing. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We found no studies, either completed or ongoing, that assessed the effects of oral nutritional supplements in people with VL who were being treated with anti-leishmanial drug therapy. Thus, we could not draw any conclusions on the impact of these interventions on primary cure of VL, definitive cure of VL, treatment completion, self-reported recovery from illness or resolution of symptoms, weight gain, increased skinfold thickness, other measures of lean or total mass, or growth in children.This absence of evidence should not be interpreted as evidence of no effect for nutritional supplements in people under VL treatment. It means that we did not identify research that fulfilled our review inclusion criteria.The effects of oral nutritional supplements in people with VL who are being treated with anti-leishmanial drug therapy have yet to be determined by rigorous experimental studies, such as cluster-randomized trials, that focus on outcomes relevant for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Custodio
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC)IspraItaly
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)National Centre of Tropical MedicineAvda. Monforte de Lemos, 3Pabellón 13MadridSpain28029
| | - Jesús López‐Alcalde
- Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV) MadridFaculty of MedicineCtra. Pozuelo‐Majadahonda km. 1,800MadridSpain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS)Clinical Biostatistics UnitCtra. Colmenar, km. 9.100MadridSpain28034
| | - Mercè Herrero
- World Health Organization (WHO)Department of Neglected Tropical DiseasesGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Carmen Bouza
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)Healthcare Technology Assessment AgencyAvda. Monforte de Lemos, 3Pabellón 13MadridSpain28029
| | | | | | | | - Teresa López‐Cuadrado
- National Centre for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)Av Monforte de Lemos 5, Pab 12MadridSpain
| | - Agustin Benito
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)National Centre of Tropical MedicineAvda. Monforte de Lemos, 3Pabellón 13MadridSpain28029
| | - Jorge Alvar
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi)GenevaSwitzerland
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Jiao L, Wang CC, Wu H, Gong R, Lin FH, Feng J, Hu C. Copper/zinc-loaded montmorillonite influences intestinal integrity, the expression of genes associated with inflammation, TLR4-MyD88 and TGF-β1 signaling pathways in weaned pigs after LPS challenge. Innate Immun 2017; 23:648-655. [PMID: 28958208 DOI: 10.1177/1753425917733033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at investigating whether dietary copper/zinc-loaded montmorillonite (Cu/Zn-Mt) could alleviate Escherichia coli LPS-induced intestinal injury through pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling pathways (TLRs, NLRs and TGF-β1) in weaned piglets. Eighteen 21-d-old pigs were randomly divided into three groups (control, LPS and LPS + Cu/Zn-Mt). After 21 d of feeding, pigs in the LPS group and LPS + Cu/Zn-Mt group received i.p. administration of LPS, whereas pigs in the control group received saline. At 4 h post-injection, jejunum samples were collected for analysis. The results indicated that, compared with the LPS group, supplemental Cu/Zn-Mt increased transepithelial electrical resistance, the expressions of anti-inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β1) in mRNA and protein levels, and decreased FD4 and the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-1β). The pro-inflammatory signaling pathways results demonstrated that Cu/Zn-Mt supplementation decreased the mRNA levels of TLR4 and its downstream signals (MyD88, IRAK1, TRAF6) but had no effect on NOD1 and NOD2 signals. Cu/Zn-Mt supplementation did not affect NF-κB p65 mRNA abundance, but down-regulated its protein expression. The anti-inflammatory signaling pathways results showed supplemental Cu/Zn-Mt also increased TβRII, Smad4 and Smad7 mRNA expressions. These findings suggested dietary Cu/Zn-Mt attenuated LPS-induced intestinal injury by alleviating intestinal inflammation, influencing TLR4-MyD88 and TGF-β1 signaling pathways in weaned pig.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lefei Jiao
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chun Chun Wang
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huan Wu
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rong Gong
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fang Hui Lin
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Caihong Hu
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Pedraza DF, Sales MC. Brazilian studies on zinc deficiency and supplementation: emphasis on children. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE MATERNO INFANTIL 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-93042017000200002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Objectives: to review the literature of studies developed in Brazil on zinc deficiency and the effects of supplementation. Methods: a literature review based on bibliographic research was carried out in SciELO, LILACS and MEDLINE/PUBMED databases. A total of 133 studies on zinc deficiency and 116 on the effects of supplementation were identified. Thirty-two articles, 16 of which were observational and 16 interventional, were analyzed. Results: the studies focused mainly on children (75.0% of the observational and 81.25% of the experimental studies). Biochemical deficiency of zinc in children presented great variability, from 0.0% to 74.3%, with expressive prevalence in most studies. Dietary inadequacy among children presented variability from 16.6% to 46.0%. Five from seven studies showed a positive effect of zinc supplementation on micronutrient nutritional status. Conclusions: there is evidence of zinc deficiency in children as a public health problem, preventable through micronutrient supplementation.
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Yanagisawa H, Kawashima T, Miyazawa M, Ohshiro T. Validity of the copper/zinc ratio as a diagnostic marker for taste disorders associated with zinc deficiency. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2016; 36:80-3. [PMID: 27259356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although zinc (Zn) deficiency is often suspected in patients with taste disorders, it may be difficult to diagnose Zn deficiency, especially in patients without any clear risk factors. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to detect possible markers for taste disorders or zinc deficiency. To achieve this aim, we analyzed data obtained from 122 Japanese men who were not using medicines and had no diseases requiring treatment. We evaluated the following factors: awareness of dysgeusia; salty taste recognition threshold (SRT); the serum concentrations of Zn, copper (Cu), iron, alkaline phosphatase, and albumin; and the Cu/Zn ratio. The serum Cu/Zn ratio was positively correlated with the both the SRT and the awareness of dysgeusia. The serum Zn concentration was not correlated with the SRT or the awareness of dysgeusia in univariate analyses. However, in multivariate logistic regression, the serum Zn concentration was associated with the awareness of dysgeusia. In conclusion, the serum Cu/Zn ratio is a good diagnostic marker for taste disorders and the value of 1.1 may be a threshold level for detecting taste disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yanagisawa
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Toru Kawashima
- Stomach and Intestines Department, Kawashima Hospital, 1-18-39 Sama, Gyoda, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mai Miyazawa
- Clinical Research 2, Zeria Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 10-11 Nihombashi Kobuna-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Ohshiro
- Clinical Research 2, Zeria Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 10-11 Nihombashi Kobuna-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, Japan
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Custodio E, Herrero M, Bouza C, López-Alcalde J, Benito A, Alvar J. Nutritional supplements for patients being treated for active visceral leishmaniasis. Hippokratia 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Custodio
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III; National Centre of Tropical Medicine; Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 3 Pabellón 13 Madrid Spain 28029
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre; Ispra Italy
| | | | - Carmen Bouza
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Healthcare Technology Assessment Agency; Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 3 Pabellón 13 Madrid Spain 28029
| | - Jesús López-Alcalde
- Ramón y Cajal Hospital (IRYCIS). Francisco de Vitoria University (UFV Madrid); Clinical Biostatistics Unit; Ctra. de Colmenar Viejo, km. 9.100 Madrid Madrid Spain 28034
| | - Agustin Benito
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III; National Centre of Tropical Medicine; Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 3 Pabellón 13 Madrid Spain 28029
| | - Jorge Alvar
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi); 15 Chemin Louis-Dunant Geneva Switzerland 1202
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Particle induced X-ray emission study of blood samples of Indian Kala-azar patients. J Parasit Dis 2016; 41:193-198. [PMID: 28316411 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-016-0775-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) or Kala-azar (KA) is a neglected tropical disease caused by protozoan parasite, Leishmania sp. and is fatal, if left untreated. In this study, we measured trace elements (K, Fe, Cu, Zn, Br, Cl, S, Ca, Mn, Cr, Ni, As, Se, Rb and Sr) in the blood of Indian VL patients (32) by particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) study. Blood was collected from 36 subjects including healthy controls from Rambagh Kala-azar Hospital, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India. PIXE experiment was carried out at the Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar, India and data were analyzed by GUPIXWIN software. We observed first time the association of bromine with the disease. The results showed 48.47 % decrease in Br, 35.16 % decrease in Zn and 29.05 % decrease in Fe in untreated state of the KA patients. In the same group, Cu has been increased by 16.73 %. Cu/Zn ratio has been altered in diseased state. The association of bromine with the disease is reported for the first time and altered levels of trace elements (Br, Cu, Fe and Zn) may come back to normal after completion of the treatment regimen with Amphotericin B.
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Antileishmanial Activity of Disulfiram and Thiuram Disulfide Analogs in an Ex Vivo Model System Is Selectively Enhanced by the Addition of Divalent Metal Ions. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:6463-70. [PMID: 26239994 DOI: 10.1128/aac.05131-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatments for cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis are toxic, expensive, difficult to administer, and limited in efficacy and availability. Disulfiram has primarily been used to treat alcoholism. More recently, it has shown some efficacy as therapy against protozoan pathogens and certain cancers, suggesting a wide range of biological activities. We used an ex vivo system to screen several thiuram disulfide compounds for antileishmanial activity. We found five compounds (compound identifier [CID] 7188, 5455, 95876, 12892, and 3117 [disulfiram]) with anti-Leishmania activity at nanomolar concentrations. We further evaluated these compounds with the addition of divalent metal salts based on studies that indicated these salts could potentiate the action of disulfiram. In addition, clinical studies suggested that zinc has some efficacy in treating cutaneous leishmaniasis. Several divalent metal salts were evaluated at 1 μM, which is lower than the normal levels of copper and zinc in plasma of healthy individuals. The leishmanicidal activity of disulfiram and CID 7188 were enhanced by several divalent metal salts at 1 μM. The in vitro therapeutic index (IVTI) of disulfiram and CID 7188 increased 12- and 2.3-fold, respectively, against L. major when combined with ZnCl2. The combination of disulfiram with ZnSO4 resulted in a 1.8-fold increase in IVTI against L. donovani. This novel combination of thiuram disulfides and divalent metal ions salts could have application as topical and/or oral therapies for treatment of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis.
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Carvalho S, Barreira da Silva R, Shawki A, Castro H, Lamy M, Eide D, Costa V, Mackenzie B, Tomás AM. LiZIP3 is a cellular zinc transporter that mediates the tightly regulated import of zinc in Leishmania infantum parasites. Mol Microbiol 2015; 96:581-95. [PMID: 25644708 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cellular zinc homeostasis ensures that the intracellular concentration of this element is kept within limits that enable its participation in critical physiological processes without exerting toxic effects. We report here the identification and characterization of the first mediator of zinc homeostasis in Leishmania infantum, LiZIP3, a member of the ZIP family of divalent metal-ion transporters. The zinc transporter activity of LiZIP3 was first disclosed by its capacity to rescue the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains deficient in zinc acquisition. Subsequent expression of LiZIP3 in Xenopus laevis oocytes was shown to stimulate the uptake of a broad range of metal ions, among which Zn(2+) was the preferred LiZIP3 substrate (K0.5 ≈ 0.1 μM). Evidence that LiZIP3 functions as a zinc importer in L. infantum came from the observations that the protein locates to the cell membrane and that its overexpression leads to augmented zinc internalization. Importantly, expression and cell-surface location of LiZIP3 are lost when parasites face high zinc bioavailability. LiZIP3 decline in response to zinc is regulated at the mRNA level in a process involving (a) short-lived protein(s). Collectively, our data reveal that LiZIP3 enables L. infantum to acquire zinc in a highly regulated manner, hence contributing to zinc homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Carvalho
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, 4200, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, 4150-180, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal
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Najafzade M, Mosapour A, Nahrevanian H, Zamani Z, Javadian S, Mirkhani F. Effect of trinitroglycerin therapy on serum zinc and copper levels and liver enzyme activities in BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania major MRHO/IR/75/ER. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2015; 18:277-83. [PMID: 25945241 PMCID: PMC4414994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of trinitroglycerin (TNG) as nitric oxide donor agent on serum copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) levels and liver enzymes in BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania major (L. major) MRHO/IR/75/ER. MATERIALS AND METHODS Inbred female mice were divided into three groups: healthy group (uninfected naive mice), control group (infected with L. major), and test group (L. major infected mice treated with TNG). TNG (200 µg/µl) was inoculated subcutaneously into the mice of the test group. Serum Cu and Zn levels and liver enzymes activities were then evaluated by atomic absorption spectrophometer and colorimetric methods, respectively. RESULTS Serum Cu levels were significantly higher in the test group than in the control and naive groups (P-value <0.05), while Zn levels were higher in the test group than in the control group with no significant difference. Serum glutamicoxaloacetic transaminase concentrations in the test group were significantly lower than those in other groups (P-value <0.05), while serum glutamate pyruvic transaminase concentrations were significantly higher in test compared with those in other groups (P-value <0.05). Moreover, alkaline phosphatase in the control and test groups were significantly lower than that in the naive group (P-value <0.05). CONCLUSION TNG treatment increased Zn and Cu levels and thus increased resistance to Leishmania because of the role of Zn and Cu; therefore, TNG therapy will be useful for treating cutaneous leishmania. In addition, the decrease of serum glutamicoxaloacetic transaminase activity can be an index of therapeutic process of TNG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Najafzade
- Payame Noor University, Tehran Center Unit, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Mosapour
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran,*Corresponding author: Abbas Mosapour. Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Ganjafrooz Avenue, Babol, Iran. Tel: +98- 111- 2190569; Fax: +98- 111- 2190569;
| | | | - Zahra Zamani
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Mirkhani
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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SAYEHMIRI F, BABAKNEJAD N, BAHRAMI S, SAYEHMIRI K, DARABI M, REZAEI-TAVIRANI M. Zn/Cu Levels in the Field of Autism Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY 2015; 9:1-9. [PMID: 26664435 PMCID: PMC4670971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is probably a relationship between zinc/cupper concentration in individuals with autism. The present review was written to estimate this probability by using meta-analysis method. MARTIALS & METHODS In this meta-analysis of Fixed Effect Model, by searching PubMed, Scopus and Google scholar databases, 11 articles were selected and verified published in 1978 to 2012. I² statistics were calculated to examine heterogeneity. The information was analyzed by R and STATA Ver. 11.2. RESULTS Due to non-uniform measurement methods of Zn/Cu concentrations, the concentration of these elements was measured in various subgroups (plasma, hair and general) in both study cases and controls. There was a significant statistical difference between plasma OR=0.252 (95% CI: -0.001-0.504) and hair OR=0.27(95% CI: 0.059-0.481, P=0.01) concentrations of Zn/Cu statuses between controls and autistic patients. Using a Fixed Effects Model, the overall integration of data from the two groups was significant as risk factor OR=0.31(95% CI:0.16-0.46, P=0.001). CONCLUSION Significant correlation existed between Zn/Cu levels and the development of autistic disorders in general analysis. Therefore, Zn/Cu levels could be mentioned as a pathogenesis reason of autism spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh SAYEHMIRI
- Biochemistrist, Ilam University of Medical Sciences Research Committee, Ilam, Iran
| | - Nasim BABAKNEJAD
- Biochemistrist, Ilam University of Medical Sciences Research Committee, Ilam, Iran
| | - Somayeh BAHRAMI
- Biochemistrist, Ilam University of Medical Sciences Research Committee, Ilam, Iran
| | - Kourosh SAYEHMIRI
- Department of Biostatistics, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ilam, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mojtaba DARABI
- Biochemistrist, Ilam University of Medical Sciences Research Committee, Ilam, Iran
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Guzman-Rivero M, Rojas E, Verduguez-Orellana A, Pardo H, Torrico MC, Cloetens L, Akesson B, Sejas E. Nutritional status in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis and a study of the effects of zinc supplementation together with antimony treatment. Food Nutr Res 2014; 58:23353. [PMID: 25397995 PMCID: PMC4224705 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v58.23353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of micronutrient status for the incidence and clinical course of cutaneous leishmaniasis is not much studied. Still zinc supplementation in leishmaniasis has shown some effect on the clinical recovery, but the evidence in humans is limited. OBJECTIVE To compare biochemical nutritional status in cutaneous leishmaniasis patients with that in controls and to study the effects of zinc supplementation for 60 days. DESIGN Twenty-nine patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis were treated with antimony for 20 days. Fourteen of them got 45 mg zinc daily and 15 of them got placebo. Biomarkers of nutritional and inflammatory status and changes in size and characteristics of skin lesions were measured. RESULTS The level of transferrin receptor was higher in patients than in controls but otherwise no differences in nutritional status were found between patients and controls. No significant effects of zinc supplementation on the clinical recovery were observed as assessed by lesion area reduction and characteristics or on biochemical parameters. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that nutritional status was essentially unaffected in cutaneous leishmaniasis and that oral zinc supplementation administered together with intramuscular injection of antimony had no additional clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Guzman-Rivero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bio-Médicas (IIBISMED), Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia; Centro Universitario de Medicina Tropical (CUMETROP), Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia; Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; ;
| | - Ernesto Rojas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bio-Médicas (IIBISMED), Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia; Centro Universitario de Medicina Tropical (CUMETROP), Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Aleida Verduguez-Orellana
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bio-Médicas (IIBISMED), Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia; Centro Universitario de Medicina Tropical (CUMETROP), Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Henry Pardo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bio-Médicas (IIBISMED), Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia; Centro Universitario de Medicina Tropical (CUMETROP), Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Mary Cruz Torrico
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bio-Médicas (IIBISMED), Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Lieselotte Cloetens
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn Akesson
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Clinical Nutrition, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Edgar Sejas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bio-Médicas (IIBISMED), Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia
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Souza CC, Barreto TDO, da Silva SM, Pinto AWJ, Figueiredo MM, Rocha OGF, Cangussú SD, Tafuri WL. A potential link among antioxidant enzymes, histopathology and trace elements in canine visceral leishmaniasis. Int J Exp Pathol 2014; 95:260-70. [PMID: 24766461 PMCID: PMC4170968 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is a severe and fatal systemic chronic inflammatory disease. We investigated the alterations in, and potential associations among, antioxidant enzymes, trace elements and histopathology in CVL. Blood and tissue levels of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were measured in mixed-breed dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum chagasi, symptomatic (n = 19) and asymptomatic (n = 11). Serum levels of copper, iron, zinc, selenium and nitric oxide, and plasma lipid peroxidation were measured. Histological and morphometric analyses were conducted of lesions in liver, spleen and lymph nodes. We found lower blood catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity to be correlated with lower iron and selenium respectively. However, higher activity of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase was not correlated with the increase in copper and decreased in zinc observed in infected animals compared to controls. Organ tissue was characterized by lower enzyme activity in infected dogs than in controls, but this was not correlated with trace elements. Lipid peroxidation was higher in symptomatic than in asymptomatic and control dogs and was associated with lesions such as chronic inflammatory reaction, congestion, haemosiderin and fibrosis. Systemic iron deposition was observed primarily in the symptomatic dogs showing a higher tissue parasite load. Dogs with symptomatic CVL displayed enhanced LPO and Fe tissue deposition associated with decreased levels of antioxidant enzymes. These results showed new points in the pathology of CVL and might open new treatment perspectives associated with antioxidants and the role of iron in the pathogenesis of CVL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina C Souza
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
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Madureira J, Ramos CIV, Marques M, Maia C, de Sousa B, Campino L, Santana-Marques MG, Farrell N. Nonclassic Metallointercalators with Dipyridophenazine: DNA Interaction Studies and Leishmanicidal Activity. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:8881-94. [DOI: 10.1021/ic401067d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- João Madureira
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 West Main Street, Richmond,
Virginia 23284, United States
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa,
Portugal
| | - Catarina I. V. Ramos
- Departamento de
Química, Universidade de Aveiro,
Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Lenea Campino
- Departamento Ciências Biomédicas e Medicina, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8000-117
Faro, Portugal
| | | | - Nicholas Farrell
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 West Main Street, Richmond,
Virginia 23284, United States
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Lal CS, Kumar S, Ranjan A, Rabidas VN, Verma N, Pandey K, Verma RB, Das S, Singh D, Das P. Comparative analysis of serum zinc, copper, magnesium, calcium and iron level in acute and chronic patients of visceral leishmaniasis. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2013. [PMID: 23199594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PROJECT Chronic visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an increasingly common problem in disease endemic states of India. Identification of prognosis risk factor in patients with VL may lead to preventive actions, toward decreasing its mortality in chronic individuals. Though serum Zinc levels are decreased in patients of VL, limited information is available regarding trace elements status in acute and chronic VL patients. The present study was undertaken to compare serum trace elements concentrations in acute and chronic VL patients. PROCEDURE Acute (mean age=28.64 years), chronic (mean age=23.68 years) VL patients and healthy controls (mean age=23.05 years) who agreed to provide blood specimens for laboratory investigations participated in this study. Serum zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) were measured spectrophotometrically using chemistry analyzer. RESULTS Serum Zn concentration was comparatively much decreased in chronic VL than to acute ones (p=0.007) while serum Mg was higher in chronic VL than acute (p=0.002) ones. There was no statistically significant difference between acute and chronic VL in serum concentrations of Cu, Fe and Ca. CONCLUSIONS Serum Zn levels were much decreased and serum Mg were increased in chronic VL as compared to acute cases. The serum concentrations of Fe and Ca did not show any difference between two groups. The serum Cu was increased in both groups but more in chronic ones. Serum Zn and Mg could be a potential prognosis factor for chronic VL patients. We hypothesize zinc supplementation as a chemo preventive agent for chronic VL cases, particularly in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra S Lal
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Division of Biochemistry, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (Indian Council of Medical Research), Patna, Bihar, India.
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Lazarte CE, Alegre C, Rojas E, Granfeldt Y. Nutritional Status of Patients with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis from a Tropical Area of Bolivia, and Implications for Zinc Bioavailability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2013.410a009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Rashed MN. The role of trace elements on hepatitis virus infections: a review. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2011; 25:181-7. [PMID: 21880473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The significance of the nutritional roles of trace metals (includes some heavy metals) is widely recognized, since these elements are as constituent components of many metal proteins and metalloenzymes serum trace metals levels, and their ratios are frequently reported to be good marker for diagnosing various diseases. Trace metals play an important role in liver disease particularly liver degeneration. Influence of trace elements has been studied in a large number of viruses belonging to different groups. This review reported the role of some trace elements iron (Fe), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) as well as toxic elements Pb on hepatitis virus infections.
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Sorkhroodi FZ, Naeini AMA, Ramazani ARZ, Ghazvini MRA, Mohebali M, Keshavarz SA. Therapeutic effect of sodium selenite and zinc sulphate as supplementary with meglumine antimoniate( glucantime®) against cutaneous leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2010; 5:11-9. [PMID: 22347250 PMCID: PMC3279849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Successful therapy of leishmaniasis depends on effective cellular immune response. We evaluated the effectiveness of sodium selenite and zinc sulphate as known immunomodulator materials, in combination with Glucantime® in treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions resulting from Leishmania major in susceptible animal model. METHODS Thirty three female mice weighing 18-20 g at the age of 7-8 week infected with L. major were randomly divided into 3 groups: group1: treated by sodium selenite (0.35 mg/kg for 30 days), group2: treated by zinc sulphate (2 mg/kg for 30 days) and group3: treated by distilled water (0.01 ml/gr body weight for 30 days) as control. All groups received Glucantime® as a standard anti- leishmanial agent (60 mg/kg, ip) for 14 days. To assess the results of treatment measurement of lesions size and parasitological tests were done weekly. RESULTS The lesion sizes increased continuously in sodium selenite group.Although, in zinc group did not increase compared to baseline But with considering the time- group interaction there was no significant difference between zinc and control group during this study. There was no difference between lesion sizes and Leishmanial loads in the interventional and control groups, respectively. CONCLUSION Sodium selenite and zinc sulphate at mentioned doses and duration of treatment did not show any treatment effect on cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. major in BALB/c mice. Increasing the dose of supplements and considering the follow up period after treatment can help more certain conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zamani Sorkhroodi
- Dept. of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Iran
| | - AM Alavi Naeini
- Dept. of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Iran
| | - AR Zahraei Ramazani
- Dept. of Entomology, School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Iran
| | - MR Aghaye Ghazvini
- Isfahan Center of Public Health Training and Research, Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Science, Iran
| | - M Mohebali
- Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Iran
| | - SA Keshavarz
- Dept. of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Iran
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Kronenberg K, Brosch S, Butsch F, Tada Y, Shibagaki N, Udey MC, von Stebut E. Vaccination with TAT-antigen fusion protein induces protective, CD8(+) T cell-mediated immunity against Leishmania major. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 130:2602-10. [PMID: 20574442 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2010.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In murine leishmaniasis, healing is mediated by IFN-γ-producing CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Thus, an efficacious vaccine should induce Th1 and Tc1 cells. Dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with exogenous proteins primarily induce strong CD4-dependent immunity; induction of CD8 responses has proven to be difficult. We evaluated the immunogenicity of fusion proteins comprising the protein transduction domain of HIV-1 TAT and the Leishmania antigen LACK (Leishmania homolog of receptors for activated C kinase), as TAT-fusion proteins facilitate major histocompatibility complex class I-dependent antigen presentation. In vitro, TAT-LACK-pulsed DCs induced stronger proliferation of Leishmania-specific CD8(+) T cells compared with DCs incubated with LACK alone. Vaccination with TAT-LACK-pulsed DCs or fusion proteins plus adjuvant in vivo significantly improved disease outcome in Leishmania major-infected mice and was superior to vaccination with DCs treated with LACK alone. Vaccination with DC+TAT-LACK resulted in stronger proliferation of CD8(+) T cells when compared with immunization with DC+LACK. Upon depletion of CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells, TAT-LACK-mediated protection was lost. TAT-LACK-pulsed IL-12p40-deficient DCs did not promote protection in vivo. In summary, these data show that TAT-fusion proteins are superior in activating Leishmania-specific Tc1 cells when compared with antigen alone and suggest that IL-12-dependent preferential induction of antigen-specific CD8(+) cells promotes significant protection against this important human pathogen.
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SOARES NM, LEAL TF, FIÚZA MC, REIS EAG, SOUZA MAL, DOS-SANTOS WL, PONTES-DE-CARVALHO L. Plasma lipoproteins in visceral leishmaniasis and their effect onLeishmania-infected macrophages. Parasite Immunol 2010; 32:259-66. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2009.01187.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Pourfallah F, Javadian S, Zamani Z, Saghiri R, Sadeghi S, Zarea B, Faiaz S, Mirkhani F, Fatemi N. Evaluation of serum levels of zinc, copper, iron, and zinc/copper ratio in cutaneous leishmaniasis. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2009; 3:7-11. [PMID: 22808376 PMCID: PMC3385530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the levels of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and zinc/ copper ratio in the serum of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis in Qom Province, center of Iran. METHODS Serum levels of zinc and copper were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer and serum iron concentration was measured by using an Auto Analyzer. The study group consisted of 60 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis and the control group of 100 healthy volunteers from the same area who were not exposed to cutaneous leishmaniasis. RESULT There were no statistically significant differences in age and body mass index between the two groups. Serum Zn (P< 0.001) and Fe (P< 0.05) levels were lower in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis than the control group. We also found serum Cu concentration (P< 0.05) in the patient group was significantly higher than that of the control group. However, zinc/ copper ratio (P< 0.001) was lower in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis than in the control group. CONCLUSION Our data indicated that Zn/Cu ratio was significantly lower in patients with CL as compared to the controls. Earlier reports suggest that, this ratio imbalance could be a useful marker for immune dysfunction in leishmaniasis. There was also strong association of Zn, Cu and Fe with CL. It suggests the use of blood zinc, copper, iron concentration and the copper/zinc ratio (Zn/Cu), as a means for estimating the prognosis of CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pourfallah
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Dr Fatemeh Pourfallah, E-mail:
| | - S Javadian
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Z Zamani
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - R Saghiri
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Sadeghi
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - B Zarea
- Qom Central Hospital, Qom, Iran
| | - Sh Faiaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Mirkhani
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - N Fatemi
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Faber S, Zinn GM, Kern II JC, Skip Kingston HM. The plasma zinc/serum copper ratio as a biomarker in children with autism spectrum disorders. Biomarkers 2009; 14:171-80. [DOI: 10.1080/13547500902783747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Dede S, Değer Y, Değer S, Tanritanir P. Plasma levels of zinc, copper, copper/zinc ratio, and activity of carbonic anhydrase in equine piroplasmosis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2008; 125:41-5. [PMID: 18677582 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-008-8136-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2008] [Accepted: 03/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We have determined the plasma concentrations of copper, zinc, copper/zinc ratio, and carbonic anhydrase activity in horses infected with Babesia equi. The study was conducted in 14 horses with the disease and 10 healthy animals that served as controls. The infection was confirmed by the clinical manifestations of the disease and by Giemsa staining of thin blood smears showing the parasites inside red blood cells. The horses with piroplasmosis had lower plasma levels of zinc, elevated copper, and increased activity of carbonic anhydrase. Consequently, the copper/zinc ratio was also higher than in the healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semiha Dede
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Yuzuncu Yil, Van, 65080, Turkey.
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Haase H, Overbeck S, Rink L. Zinc supplementation for the treatment or prevention of disease: current status and future perspectives. Exp Gerontol 2007; 43:394-408. [PMID: 18221847 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2007.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2007] [Revised: 10/25/2007] [Accepted: 12/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is a nutritionally essential trace element, and thus zinc deficiency may severely affect human health. Many studies were published in which the effect of nutritional zinc supplementation on the incidence or severity of a certain disease was investigated. This review summarizes the main observations and aims to evaluate the use of nutritional zinc supplementation for prevention and treatment of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajo Haase
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
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Gurusamy KS, Farquharson MJ, Craig C, Davidson BR. An evaluation study of trace element content in colorectal liver metastases and surrounding normal livers by X-ray fluorescence. Biometals 2007; 21:373-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-007-9126-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2007] [Accepted: 11/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Araújo AP, Rocha OGF, Mayrink W, Machado-Coelho GLL. The influence of copper, selenium and zinc on the response to the Montenegro skin test in subjects vaccinated against American cutaneous leishmaniasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2007; 102:64-9. [PMID: 17980395 DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2007.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2007] [Revised: 08/30/2007] [Accepted: 08/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the relationship between the trace elements copper, zinc and selenium and the response to the Montenegro skin test (MST) in 172 volunteers vaccinated against American cutaneous leishmaniasis. The MST diameter was categorized as negative and in quartiles of positive response, constituting five groups. Trace element serum levels were analyzed by coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry, with study subjects classified into two groups depending on low or high levels of trace elements observed. MST-positive subjects had an MST diameter (mean+/-SD) of 10.35+/-4.64mm, with copper, selenium and zinc serum levels of 1433.7+/-665.7microg/l, 88.6+/-39microg/l and 999.2+/-366microg/l, respectively. The MST diameter was significantly different in the selenium groups only. The selenium levels also differed with the quartiles of the MST diameters of individuals testing positive (P<0.05). Our findings suggest that trace elements, particularly selenium, should be measured in future vaccine trials so that vaccine immunogenicity and response can be assessed and compared between different studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Paiva Araújo
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Rua Costa Sena 171 Centro, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Acuña-Castillo C, Coddou C, Bull P, Brito J, Huidobro-Toro JP. Differential role of extracellular histidines in copper, zinc, magnesium and proton modulation of the P2X7 purinergic receptor. J Neurochem 2007; 101:17-26. [PMID: 17394459 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04343.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor is a non-selective cationic channel activated by extracellular ATP, belonging to the P2X receptor family. To assess the role of extracellular histidines on the allosteric modulation of the rat P2X7 receptor by divalent metals (copper, zinc and magnesium) and protons, these amino acid residues were singly substituted for corresponding alanines. Wild-type and mutated receptors were injected to Xenopus laevis oocytes; metal-related effects were evaluated by the two-electrode voltage-clamp technique. Copper inhibited the ATP-gated currents with a median inhibitory concentration of 4.4 +/- 1.0 micromol/L. The inhibition was non-competitive and time-dependent; copper was 60-fold more potent than zinc. The mutant H267A, resulted in a copper resistant receptor; mutants H201A and H130A were less sensitive to copper inhibition (p < 0.05). The rest of the mutants examined, H62A, H85A, and H219A, conserved the copper-induced inhibition. Only mutants H267A and H219A were less sensitive to the modulator action of zinc. Moreover, the magnesium-induced inhibition was abolished exclusively on the H130A and H201A mutants, suggesting that this metal may act at a novel cationic modulator site. Media acidification inhibited the ATP-gated current 87 +/- 3%; out of the six mutants examined, only H130A was significantly less sensitive to the change in pH, suggesting that His-130 could be involved as a pH sensor. In conclusion, while His-267 is critically involved in the copper or zinc allosteric modulation, the magnesium inhibitory effects is related to His-130 and His-201, His-130 is involved in proton sensing, highlighting the role of defined extracellular histidines in rat P2X7 receptor allosteric modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Acuña-Castillo
- Departamentos de Fisiología, Centro de Regulación Celular y Patología J.V. Luco, Instituto Milenio de Biología Fundamental y Aplicada MIFAB, Chile
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Ko WS, Guo CH, Hsu GSW, Chiou YL, Yeh MS, Yaun SR. The effect of zinc supplementation on the treatment of chronic hepatitis C patients with interferon and ribavirin. Clin Biochem 2005; 38:614-20. [PMID: 15904908 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2005.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2004] [Revised: 04/07/2005] [Accepted: 04/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of zinc supplementation on serum zinc and copper levels, and the severity of adverse reactions and virologic responses in chronic hepatitis C patients undergoing interferon (IFN)/ribavirin therapy. DESIGN AND METHODS Forty subjects were randomly assigned to receive IFN-alpha-2a/ribavirin with or without zinc gluconate for 24 weeks, then a period of 6 months for follow-up. Twenty healthy controls were also enrolled in the study. Blood samples were collected at different time points during therapy and at 6 months after the completion of therapy and were analyzed for zinc and copper levels. The adverse reactions and the virologic responses were also examined accordingly. RESULTS Serum zinc levels were significantly lower in chronic hepatitis C patients than in healthy controls and further depressed by IFN/ribavirin treatment. However, serum zinc levels in patients were remediable by zinc supplements. No apparent difference was seen in virologic responses between subjects with or without zinc supplements, but certain adverse side effects associated with the zinc therapy were significantly decreased. CONCLUSIONS Zinc supplementation may be a complementary therapy in chronic hepatitis C patients to increase the tolerance to IFN-alpha-2a and ribavirin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Sheng Ko
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hung Kuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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