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Moulton CD, Malys M, Hopkins CWP, Rokakis AS, Young AH, Powell N. Activation of the interleukin-23/Th17 axis in major depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024:10.1007/s00406-024-01864-2. [PMID: 39012496 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-024-01864-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
The interleukin-23/Th17 axis is a promising modifiable target for depression. However, its association with depression has not been systematically evaluated. We systematically searched four databases (EMBASE, Web of Science, Pubmed and PsycINFO) for studies comparing patients with major depression and healthy controls for plasma/serum levels of Th17 cells and their canonical cytokines (interleukin-17A [IL-17A], IL-22, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor [GM-CSF]). We also compared counts of Th1, Th2 and Th9 cells between depressed/non-depressed patients and their respective canonical cytokines. We performed random-effects meta-analysis of the standardised mean difference (SMD) in immune measures between groups. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Of 3154 studies screened, 36 studies were included in meta-analysis. Patients with depression had elevated IL-17A compared to controls (SMD = 0.80 [95% CI 0.03 to 1.58], p = 0.042), an association moderated by antidepressant use (Z = 2.12, p = 0.034). Patients with depression had elevated GM-CSF (SMD = 0.54 [95% CI 0.16 to 0.91], p = 0.0047), and a trend towards higher Th17 counts (SMD = 0.44 [- 0.01 to 0.88], p = 0.052). Whilst the Th2-associated cytokine IL-5 was elevated in depression (SMD = 0.36 [95% CI 0.05 to 0.66], p = 0.02), Th2 cell counts (p = 0.97), Th1 cell counts (p = 0.17) and interferon-γ (p = 0.22) were not. Data for Th9 cells, IL-9 and IL-22 were insufficient for meta-analysis. Respectively, 22, 25 and 5 studies were good, fair and poor in quality. Patients with major depression show peripheral over-activation of the IL-23/Th17 axis. Future interventional studies should test whether this is a modifiable target for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum D Moulton
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- St Mark's Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Mantas Malys
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | | | - Anna S Rokakis
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Allan H Young
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Nick Powell
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
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de la Monte SM, Tong M, Hapel AJ. Concordant and Discordant Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma Cytokine and Chemokine Responses in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Early-Stage Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2394. [PMID: 37760836 PMCID: PMC10525668 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation may be a pathogenic mediator and biomarker of neurodegeneration at the boundary between mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD). Whether neuroinflammatory processes are endogenous to the central nervous system (CNS) or originate from systemic (peripheral blood) sources could impact strategies for therapeutic intervention. To address this issue, we measured cytokine and chemokine immunoreactivities in simultaneously obtained lumbar puncture cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples from 39 patients including 18 with MCI or early AD and 21 normal controls using a 27-plex XMAP bead-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The MCI/AD combined group had significant (p < 0.05 or better) or statistically trend-wise (0.05 ≤ p ≤ 0.10) concordant increases in CSF and serum IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-13, and TNF-α and reductions in GM-CSF, b-FGF, IL-6, IP-10, and MCP-1; CSF-only increases in IFN-y and IL-7 and reductions in VEGF and IL-12p70; serum-only increases in IL-1β, MIP-1α, and eotaxin and reductions in G-CSF, IL-2, IL-8 and IL-15; and discordant CSF-serum responses with reduced CSF and increased serum PDGF-bb, IL-17a, and RANTES. The results demonstrate simultaneously parallel mixed but modestly greater pro-inflammatory compared to anti-inflammatory or neuroprotective responses in CSF and serum. In addition, the findings show evidence that several cytokines and chemokines are selectively altered in MCI/AD CSF, likely corresponding to distinct neuroinflammatory responses unrelated to systemic pathologies. The aggregate results suggest that early management of MCI/AD neuroinflammation should include both anti-inflammatory and pro-neuroprotective strategies to help prevent disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M. de la Monte
- Departments of Pathology (Neuropathology), Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA;
| | - Ming Tong
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA;
| | - Andrew J. Hapel
- Department of Genome Biology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia;
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Improved Targeting of Therapeutics by Nanocarrier-Based Delivery in Cancer Immunotherapy and Their Future Perspectives. BIONANOSCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-023-01065-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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4
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Harsanyi S, Kupcova I, Danisovic L, Klein M. Selected Biomarkers of Depression: What Are the Effects of Cytokines and Inflammation? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:578. [PMID: 36614020 PMCID: PMC9820159 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is one of the leading mental illnesses worldwide and lowers the quality of life of many. According to WHO, about 5% of the worldwide population suffers from depression. Newer studies report a staggering global prevalence of 27.6%, and it is rising. Professionally, depression belonging to affective disorders is a psychiatric illness, and the category of major depressive disorder (MDD) comprises various diagnoses related to persistent and disruptive mood disorders. Due to this fact, it is imperative to find a way to assess depression quantitatively using a specific biomarker or a panel of biomarkers that would be able to reflect the patients' state and the effects of therapy. Cytokines, hormones, oxidative stress markers, and neuropeptides are studied in association with depression. The latest research into inflammatory cytokines shows that their relationship with the etiology of depression is causative. There are stronger cytokine reactions to pathogens and stressors in depression. If combined with other predisposing factors, responses lead to prolonged inflammatory processes, prolonged dysregulation of various axes, stress, pain, mood changes, anxiety, and depression. This review focuses on the most recent data on cytokines as markers of depression concerning their roles in its pathogenesis, their possible use in diagnosis and management, their different levels in bodily fluids, and their similarities in animal studies. However, cytokines are not isolated from the pathophysiologic mechanisms of depression or other psychiatric disorders. Their effects are only a part of the whole pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Harsanyi
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ida Kupcova
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubos Danisovic
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Klein
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Madeshiya AK, Pillai A. Innate lymphoid cells in depression: Current status and perspectives. Biomark Neuropsychiatry 2022; 7. [PMID: 37123464 PMCID: PMC10136288 DOI: 10.1016/j.bionps.2022.100055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent discovery of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) has provided new insights into our understanding of the pathogenesis of many disease conditions with immune dysregulation. Type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s) induce type I immunity and are characterized by the expression of signature cytokine IFN-γ and the master transcription factor T-bet; ILC2s stimulate type II immune responses and are defined by the expression of signature cytokines IL-5 and IL-13, and transcription factors ROR-α and GATA3; ILC3s requires the transcription factor RORγt and produce IL-22 and IL-17. ILCs are largely tissue-resident and are enriched at barrier surfaces of the mammalian body. Increasing evidence shows that inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of depression. Although few studies have directly investigated the role of ILCs in depression, several studies have examined the levels of cytokines produced by ILCs in depressed subjects. This review summarizes the potential roles of ILCs in depression. A better understanding of the biology of ILCs may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies for the management of depression.
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Lesmana MHS, Le NQK, Chiu WC, Chung KH, Wang CY, Irham LM, Chung MH. Genomic-Analysis-Oriented Drug Repurposing in the Search for Novel Antidepressants. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081947. [PMID: 36009493 PMCID: PMC9405592 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
From inadequate prior antidepressants that targeted monoamine neurotransmitter systems emerged the discovery of alternative drugs for depression. For instance, drugs targeted interleukin 6 receptor (IL6R) in inflammatory system. Genomic analysis-based drug repurposing using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) inclined a promising method for several diseases. However, none of the diseases was depression. Thus, we aimed to identify drug repurposing candidates for depression treatment by adopting a genomic-analysis-based approach. The 5885 SNPs obtained from the machine learning approach were annotated using HaploReg v4.1. Five sets of functional annotations were applied to determine the depression risk genes. The STRING database was used to expand the target genes and identify drug candidates from the DrugBank database. We validated the findings using the ClinicalTrial.gov and PubMed databases. Seven genes were observed to be strongly associated with depression (functional annotation score = 4). Interestingly, IL6R was auspicious as a target gene according to the validation outcome. We identified 20 drugs that were undergoing preclinical studies or clinical trials for depression. In addition, we identified sarilumab and satralizumab as drugs that exhibit strong potential for use in the treatment of depression. Our findings indicate that a genomic-analysis-based approach can facilitate the discovery of drugs that can be repurposed for treating depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nguyen Quoc Khanh Le
- Professional Master Program in Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Research Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Translational Imaging Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Che Chiu
- Department of Psychiatry, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Wang
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Lalu Muhammad Irham
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta 55164, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (L.M.I.); (M.-H.C.); Tel.: +62-851-322-55-414 (L.M.I.); +886-02-2736-1661 (M.-H.C.)
| | - Min-Huey Chung
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (L.M.I.); (M.-H.C.); Tel.: +62-851-322-55-414 (L.M.I.); +886-02-2736-1661 (M.-H.C.)
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Dirani E, Bou Khalil R, Raad G, Richa S. Eosinophils to Lymphocytes Ratio (ELR) as a Potential Inflammatory Biomarker in Patients with Dual Diagnosis of Bipolar and Alcohol Use Disorders: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Dual Diagn 2022; 18:144-152. [PMID: 35767724 DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2022.2090650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective: It is well-established that Bipolar Disorder (BD) has comorbidity with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) and could present the same symptoms of an underlying diagnosis of BD, therefore delaying the proper relevant treatment. Recent studies show the occurrence of alterations in the circulating levels of inflammatory mediators in patients dealing with AUD as well as those with BD. The objective of this study is to get an assessment of whether patients with AUD and BD comorbidity [BD(+)] would present different ratios of the Complete Blood Count (CBC) in comparison with patients with AUD but without a BD comorbidity [BD(-)]. Methods: This is a retrospective study, conducted through a selection of patients files who were admitted to the psychiatric department at Hôtel-Dieu de France University Hospital in Beirut, Lebanon, between January of the year 2016 and May of the year 2021. Overall, 83 files of patients dealing with AUD were included in this study. Results: Patients with BD(+) showed a higher Eosinophils to Lymphocytes Ratio (ELR) in comparison to those with BD(-). The Receiver Operation Characteristic (ROC) analysis had an area under the curve at 0.719 with a p = .001. The cutoff value of ELR that best differentiates BD(-) from BD(+) was 0.087 (Sensitivity = 81.3%; Specificity = 63.6%). The logistic regression analysis showed that an ELR superior to 0.087 presented a statistically significant difference, exposing patients belonging to the BD(+) group (OR = 11.66; p < .001). Conclusions: Our data suggest that ELR may be a valuable, reproducible, easily accessible, and cost-effective inflammatory marker, pointing at the presence of a BD comorbidity with AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Dirani
- Hôtel Dieu de France, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Psychiatry, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rami Bou Khalil
- Hôtel Dieu de France, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Psychiatry, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Georges Raad
- IVF Department, Al-Hadi Laboratory and Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sami Richa
- Hôtel Dieu de France, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Psychiatry, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Yeung SSH, Ho YS, Chang RCC. The role of meningeal populations of type II innate lymphoid cells in modulating neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1251-1267. [PMID: 34489558 PMCID: PMC8492689 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00660-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research into meningeal lymphatics has revealed a never-before appreciated role of type II innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in modulating neuroinflammation in the central nervous system (CNS). To date, the role of ILC2-mediated inflammation in the periphery has been well studied. However, the exact distribution of ILC2s in the CNS and therefore their putative role in modulating neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's disease (PD), and major depressive disorder (MDD) remain highly elusive. Here, we review the current evidence of ILC2-mediated modulation of neuroinflammatory cues (i.e., IL-33, IL-25, IL-5, IL-13, IL-10, TNFα, and CXCL16-CXCR6) within the CNS, highlight the distribution of ILC2s in both the periphery and CNS, and discuss some challenges associated with cell type-specific targeting that are important for therapeutics. A comprehensive understanding of the roles of ILC2s in mediating and responding to inflammatory cues may provide valuable insight into potential therapeutic strategies for many dementia-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry Sin-Hang Yeung
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Yuen-Shan Ho
- grid.16890.360000 0004 1764 6123School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China
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Temporal lobe epilepsy: Evaluation of central and systemic immune-inflammatory features associated with drug resistance. Seizure 2021; 91:447-455. [PMID: 34340190 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2021.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is probably one of the factors involved in drug resistance in people with epilepsy. Finding peripheral markers reflecting the intensity of neuroinflammation could be of great help to decide for which patients anti-inflammatory treatment might be an option. In this context, peripheral cytokines levels and lymphocyte phenotypes were assessed by ELISA and flow cytometry in 3 groups of subjects: drug resistant patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (DR-TLE), non DR-TLE patients and healthy controls. The same parameters were assessed in brain tissue in the DR-TLE group. Differences in the peripheral immune-inflammatory status between the 3 groups of subjects, and correlations between the central and peripheral immune-inflammatory status in DR-TLE patients were evaluated. Forty-one patients with DR-TLE, ten with non-DR-TLE and twenty controls were included. In the periphery, decrease in regulatory cells were observed in DR-TLE patients compared to controls. In addition, significant increase of IL-6 and IL-5 was observed in patients with epilepsy (particularly DR-TLE patients). Two groups of DR-TLE patients with significant differences in several central inflammatory parameters were identified in a cluster analysis. The inflammatory cluster was associated with a peripheral increase of CD4+CD38+ cells and different significant correlations between central and systemic inflammatory parameters were observed. Although their interpretation is not immediate, they demonstrate a clear dialogue between central and peripheral inflammatory reactions. In conclusion, our results add new elements to better understand the interactions between the central and peripheral compartments in patients with DR-TLE, and to help better define treatment options in this group of patients.
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Verardo D, Liljedahl L, Richter C, Agnarsson B, Axelsson U, Prinz CN, Höök F, Borrebaeck CAK, Linke H. Fluorescence Signal Enhancement in Antibody Microarrays Using Lightguiding Nanowires. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11010227. [PMID: 33467141 PMCID: PMC7829981 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence-based detection assays play an essential role in the life sciences and medicine. To offer better detection sensitivity and lower limits of detection (LOD), there is a growing need for novel platforms with an improved readout capacity. In this context, substrates containing semiconductor nanowires may offer significant advantages, due to their proven light-emission enhancing, waveguiding properties, and increased surface area. To demonstrate and evaluate the potential of such nanowires in the context of diagnostic assays, we have in this work adopted a well-established single-chain fragment antibody-based assay, based on a protocol previously designed for biomarker detection using planar microarrays, to freestanding, SiO2-coated gallium phosphide nanowires. The assay was used for the detection of protein biomarkers in highly complex human serum at high dilution. The signal quality was quantified and compared with results obtained on conventional flat silicon and plastic substrates used in the established microarray applications. Our results show that using the nanowire-sensor platform in combination with conventional readout methods, improves the signal intensity, contrast, and signal-to-noise by more than one order of magnitude compared to flat surfaces. The results confirm the potential of lightguiding nanowires for signal enhancement and their capacity to improve the LOD of standard diagnostic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Verardo
- NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden; (D.V.); (C.N.P.); (F.H.)
- Solid State Physics, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
- AlignedBio AB, Medicon Village, Scheeletorget 1, 223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | - Leena Liljedahl
- CREATE Health Translational Cancer Center, Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Medicon Village Bldg 406, 223 63 Lund, Sweden; (L.L.); (C.R.); (U.A.); (C.A.K.B.)
| | - Corinna Richter
- CREATE Health Translational Cancer Center, Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Medicon Village Bldg 406, 223 63 Lund, Sweden; (L.L.); (C.R.); (U.A.); (C.A.K.B.)
| | - Björn Agnarsson
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Ulrika Axelsson
- CREATE Health Translational Cancer Center, Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Medicon Village Bldg 406, 223 63 Lund, Sweden; (L.L.); (C.R.); (U.A.); (C.A.K.B.)
| | - Christelle N. Prinz
- NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden; (D.V.); (C.N.P.); (F.H.)
- Solid State Physics, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Höök
- NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden; (D.V.); (C.N.P.); (F.H.)
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Carl A. K. Borrebaeck
- CREATE Health Translational Cancer Center, Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Medicon Village Bldg 406, 223 63 Lund, Sweden; (L.L.); (C.R.); (U.A.); (C.A.K.B.)
| | - Heiner Linke
- NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden; (D.V.); (C.N.P.); (F.H.)
- Solid State Physics, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
- Correspondence:
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Daria S, Proma MA, Shahriar M, Islam SMA, Bhuiyan MA, Islam MR. Serum interferon-gamma level is associated with drug-naïve major depressive disorder. SAGE Open Med 2020; 8:2050312120974169. [PMID: 33282305 PMCID: PMC7682211 DOI: 10.1177/2050312120974169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Major depressive disorder is a leading heterogeneous psychiatric illness manifested by persistent low mood, a feeling of sadness, and diminished interest in daily activities. Many biological, genetic, and social factors are thought to be linked with depression. But any suitable early risk assessment markers are absent for this illness. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the serum levels of IFN-γ in major depressive disorder patients to further investigate the association between serum levels of this cytokine and major depression. Methods: This prospective case-control study enrolled 120 major depressive disorder patients and 100 healthy controls matched by age, sex, and body mass index. A qualified psychiatrist diagnosed the major depressive disorder patients and evaluated healthy controls according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5). The Hamilton depression rating scale was applied for all the study participants to measure the severity of depression. Serum IFN-γ levels were measured by a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (Boster Biological Technology, Pleasanton, CA, USA). Results: This study observed that serum IFN-γ levels were significantly decreased in major depressive disorder patients compared to healthy controls. A significant negative correlation (r = −0.375; p < 0.001) was obtained between serum IFN-γ levels and Hamilton depression scores. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed good diagnostic performance of lowered serum IFN-γ levels in depression with an area under the curve at 0.790. Conclusion: We suggest the altered serum IFN-γ levels are associated with the pathophysiology of depression. The reduced levels of serum IFN-γ might be used as an early risk assessment tool for major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohel Daria
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mohammad Shahriar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Md Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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12
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Panek MG, Karbownik MS, Kuna PB. Comparative analysis of clinical, physiological, temperamental and personality characteristics of elderly subjects and young subjects with asthma. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241750. [PMID: 33156872 PMCID: PMC7647458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a heterogeneous disease of a complex etiology in which genetic, environmental and personality variables are important factors determining the development of complicated strategies related to coping with stress and temperament traits. Our thesis is that coping styles in asthmatic patients are modified by the environment (chronic inflammation and stress) which affects individual temperament traits in the course of time. Thus, patient age is one of factors which determine the clinical image of asthma and its natural history. AIM The aim of the study was to evaluate the variables describing stress coping styles and temperament in young (18 to 35 years old) and elderly asthmatics (aged ≥60 years). MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 200 patients, 104 elderly and 96 young asthmatics were enrolled in the study. Apart from medical examination, the following tests were performed in all subjects: the Formal Characteristics of Behavior- Temperament Inventory (FCB-TI), Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS), Beck Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) Scale. RESULTS Elderly patients with asthma exhibited higher intensity of anxiety as a trait, a higher level of depression and experienced dyspnea, as well as higher levels of stress coping strategies such as Avoidance-Oriented Coping (AOC), Distraction Seeking (DS) and Social Diversion (SD) compared to young asthmatics. In elderly patients, Perseverance and Sensory Sensitivity traits have been observed to decline with the duration and development of asthma at later life stages as opposed to young asthmatics, in whom these temperament characteristics are elevated. CONCLUSIONS Asthma is a heterogeneous disease of a complex etiopathogenesis that has a complex interplay with mental health. The present study confirms a relationship between age and stress coping strategies as well as temperament traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał G. Panek
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy of the Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Michał S. Karbownik
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology of the Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr B. Kuna
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy of the Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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13
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Palermo S. Covid-19 Pandemic: Maximizing Future Vaccination Treatments Considering Aging and Frailty. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:558835. [PMID: 33072783 PMCID: PMC7530612 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.558835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is proving to be a multiplier of inequalities. Especially toward the elderly population. A voiceless scream that comes from geriatrics, nursing homes, hospices from all over Italy. They call it the silent massacre: from North to South, the bulletin of coronavirus positive—or already deceased—elderly people continues to grow exponentially without a chance to counter it. Population aging and chronicity are a question that needs to be addressed. Frailty is the most challenging expression of population aging, with major consequences for public health and clinical practice. It is a geriatric syndrome which consists in a state of higher vulnerability to stressors attributed to a lower homeostatic reserve due to an age-related multisystem physiological change. People over 60, and especially over 80, are particularly vulnerable to severe or fatal infection. Moreover, the age-related dysregulation of the immune system in the elderly (i.e., immunosenescence and inflammaging) results in poorer responses to vaccination. Physical frailty is an effective health indicator and it has previously shown to predict the response to the seasonal flu vaccine. These findings suggest that assessing frailty in the elderly may identify those who are less likely to respond to immunization and be at higher risk for COVID-19 and its complications. Moreover, cognitive frailty and neurocognitive disorders, mental health and reduced awareness of illness negatively impact on adherence to complex medication regimens among elderly patients. A worldwide research and development blueprint have been initiated to accelerate the development of vaccines and therapeutics for the COVID-19 outbreak. Considered the above, I suggest the importance to consider aging in thinking about future Civud-19 vaccination and treatment, focusing on the possible impact of physical and cognitive frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Palermo
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Aging, Bruxelles, Belgium
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14
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Tzang BS, Chen VCH, Hsieh CC, Wang WK, Weng YP, Ho HY, Hsu YT, Hsaio HP, Weng JC, Chen YL. Differential associations of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines with depression severity from noncancer status to breast cancer course and subsequent chemotherapy. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:686. [PMID: 32703187 PMCID: PMC7376866 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07181-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In this study, we examined the differential associations of various proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines with depression severity from the development of breast cancer to subsequent chemotherapy treatment. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 116 women: 29 controls without cancer, 55 patients with breast cancer who were not receiving chemotherapy, and 32 patients with breast cancer who were receiving chemotherapy. Blood samples were assayed to evaluate serum levels of the following cytokines: interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-12 (p70), IL-1β, IL-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, IL-6, and IL-17A. Depression severity was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire. Results After adjustment for sociodemographics, consistent patterns of the association between cytokine and depression were noted in the different groups. No significant associations were observed in the controls. Inverse associations were observed between cytokines levels and depression severity in patients with breast cancer who were not receiving chemotherapy, whereas positive associations were noted in patients with breast cancer who were receiving chemotherapy. Specific differential relationships between IL-5 levels and depression severity were found between patients with breast cancer who were receiving and not receiving chemotherapy. Conclusions Our study revealed differential relationships between cytokine levels and depression severity with the development of cancer. Immunostimulation and immunosuppression in breast cancer and cancer treatment may account for the differential responses with the development of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor-Show Tzang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Vincent Chin-Hung Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chuan Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ke Wang
- Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Weng
- Breast center, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Ying Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Han-Pin Hsaio
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Cheng Weng
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lung Chen
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan. .,Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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15
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Osimo EF, Pillinger T, Rodriguez IM, Khandaker GM, Pariante CM, Howes OD. Inflammatory markers in depression: A meta-analysis of mean differences and variability in 5,166 patients and 5,083 controls. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 87:901-909. [PMID: 32113908 PMCID: PMC7327519 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The magnitude and variability of cytokine alterations in depression are not clear. OBJECTIVE To perform an up to date meta-analysis of mean differences of immune markers in depression, and to quantify and test for evidence of heterogeneity in immune markers in depression by conducting a meta-analysis of variability to ascertain whether only a sub-group of patients with depression show evidence of inflammation. DATA SOURCES Studies that reported immune marker levels in peripheral blood in patients with depression and matched healthy controls in the MEDLINE database from inception to August 29th 2018 were examined. STUDY SELECTION Case-control studies that reported immune marker levels in peripheral blood in patients with depression and healthy controls were selected. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Means and variances (SDs) were extracted for each measure to calculate effect sizes, which were combined using multivariate meta-analysis. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Hedges g was used to quantify mean differences. Relative variability of immune marker measurements in patients compared with control groups as indexed by the coefficient of variation ratio (CVR). RESULTS A total of 107 studies that reported measurements from 5,166 patients with depression and 5,083 controls were included in the analyses. Levels of CRP (g = 0.71; 95%CI: 0.50-0.92; p < 0.0001); IL-3 (g = 0.60; 95%CI: 0.31-0.89; p < 0.0001); IL-6 (g = 0.61; 95%CI: 0.39-0.82; p < 0.0001); IL-12 (g = 1.18; 95%CI: 0.74-1.62; p < 0.0001); IL-18 (g = 1.97; 95%CI: 1.00-2.95; p < 0.0001); sIL-2R (g = 0.71; 95%CI: 0.44-0.98; p < 0.0001); and TNFα (g = 0.54; 95%CI: 0.32-0.76; p < 0.0001) were significantly higher in patients with depression. These findings were robust to a range of potential confounds and moderators. Mean-scaled variability, measured as CVR, was significantly lower in patients with depression for CRP (CVR = 0.85; 95%CI: 0.75-0.98; p = 0.02); IL-12 (CVR = 0.61; 95%CI: 0.46-0.80; p < 0.01); and sIL-2R (CVR = 0.85; 95%CI: 0.73-0.99; p = 0.04), while it was unchanged for IL-3, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF α. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Depression is confirmed as a pro-inflammatory state. Some of the inflammatory markers elevated in depression, including CRP and IL-12, show reduced variability in patients with depression, therefore supporting greater homogeneity in terms of an inflammatory phenotype in depression. Some inflammatory marker elevations in depression do not appear due to an inflamed sub-group, but rather to a right shift of the immune marker distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele F. Osimo
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Toby Pillinger
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | - Golam M. Khandaker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carmine M. Pariante
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK,National Institute for Health Research, Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK,The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Oliver D. Howes
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK,Corresponding author at: MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK.
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16
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Mok SWF, Wong VKW, Lo HH, de Seabra Rodrigues Dias IR, Leung ELH, Law BYK, Liu L. Natural products-based polypharmacological modulation of the peripheral immune system for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 208:107480. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Mir363-3p attenuates post-stroke depressive-like behaviors in middle-aged female rats. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 78:31-40. [PMID: 30639697 PMCID: PMC6488367 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Women are more likely to develop Post Stroke Depression (PSD) than men and generally do not respond well to anti-depressants with age. This study investigated the effect of microRNA mir363-3p treatment on PSD using a physiologically-relevant animal model. Our previous work showed that mir363-3p treatment, delivered post-stroke, effectively reduces infarct volume in the acute phase of stroke in middle-aged females but not males. Middle-aged female Sprague Dawley rats were tested for baseline sensory motor function and depressive-like behaviors, and then subjected to ischemic stroke via middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) or sham surgery. Animals received either control oligos (MCAo+scrambled, Sham+scrambled) or mir363-3p (MCAo+mir363-3p, Sham+mir363-3p) treatment 4 h later. Sensory motor function and depressive-like behaviors were reassessed up to 100 d after stroke, and circulating levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) were quantified at regular intervals. Prior to termination, Fluorogold was injected into the striatum to assess meso-striatal projections. MCAo+scrambled animals had impaired sensorimotor performance in the acute phase (5 days) of stroke and developed anhedonia, decreased sociability and increased helplessness in the chronic phase. MCAo+mir363-3p animals showed significantly less sensory motor impairment and fewer depressive-like behaviors. IL-6 and TNF-alpha were elevated transiently at 4 weeks after MCAo in both groups. BDNF levels decreased progressively after stroke in the MCAo+scrambled group, and this was attenuated in the mir363-3p group. The number of retrogradely-labeled SNc and VTA cells was reduced in the ischemic hemisphere of the MCAo+scrambled group. In contrast, there was no interhemispheric difference in the number of retrogradely-labeled SNc and VTA cells of MCAo+mir363-3p treated animals. Our results support a therapeutic role for mir363-3p for long-term stroke disability.
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18
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Bronchial asthma control degree and the temperament structure according to the Eysenck model. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2019; 37:559-565. [PMID: 32994779 PMCID: PMC7507172 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2019.83216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Asthma is a disease of a psychosomatic nature. The control of asthma is still poor in approximately 5% of patients, despite introduction of modern inhalant drugs and psychotherapeutic interventions. Aim To evaluate whether the degree of bronchial asthma control is related to the characteristics of temperament according to Eysenck’s concept. Material and methods The study was conducted on a group of 111 bronchial asthma patients and 44 healthy subjects. In all of them, the Eysenck temperament questionnaire was administered and the level of asthma control was determined. Results Increase in the scale of neuroticism was associated with an 1.83-fold increase in the likelihood of poor asthma control. Increase in the result on the psychoticism scale and lie scale of about one point was associated with a slightly smaller increased risk of poor asthma control (respectively: 1.49-fold and 1.61-fold). Conclusions The structure of temperament of a person with poor control of bronchial asthma can be characterized. Patients with poor asthma control have a higher level of neuroticism, psychoticism and propensity to lie, compared with the healthy population and subjects with good or partial bronchial asthma control.
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19
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Immunological Aspects of Depressive Disorder – The Review. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/sjecr-2018-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Depression represents a mood disorder and is considered to be one of the most common mental disorders in general. World Health Organization estimates that depression will be the leading cause of disability-adjusted life years, until 2030. Depression is a complex heterogeneous disorder where immune system and its regulation play an important role. Innate and adaptive immunity mecha nisms are included, along with processes of immune activation and suppression. The expression of humoral factors of innate immunity, especially pro-inflammatory cytokines, is increased, whereas the intensity of cellular immune mechanisms, primarily T cells and NK cells, are impaired. The influence of pro-inflammatory cytokines on depression is reflected in their effect on certain enzymes and ensuing reduction of neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine. They also affect the neuroendocrine function in central nervous system, resulting in increase of cortisol levels and inactivation of glucocorticoid receptors in the periphery, which leads to neurodegeneration and decrease in neurotransmitter production. Certain cytokines affect neuroplasticity through the decreasing of concentration of neurotrophic brain factor and induction of brain cell apoptosis. The results are often contradictory talking about mechanisms of adaptive immunity. On one hand, an increased activity of Tlymphocytes is observed, while on the other, there are evidence of spontaneous apoptosis and impaired function of these cells in depression. In addition, neuroprotective role of autoreactive and regulatory T cells in prevention of depression has also been demonstrated. The aim of this paper is to analyze the current knowledge on the role of immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of depression.
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20
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Sang W, Zhang Z, Dai Y, Chen X. Recent advances in nanomaterial-based synergistic combination cancer immunotherapy. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:3771-3810. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00896e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to summarize various synergistic combination cancer immunotherapy strategies based on nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sang
- Cancer Centre
- Faculty of Health Sciences
- University of Macau
- Macau SAR 999078
- China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Cancer Centre
- Faculty of Health Sciences
- University of Macau
- Macau SAR 999078
- China
| | - Yunlu Dai
- Cancer Centre
- Faculty of Health Sciences
- University of Macau
- Macau SAR 999078
- China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering
- National Institutes of Health
- Bethesda
- USA
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21
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Proteomic Studies of Psychiatric Disorders. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2019; 1735:59-89. [PMID: 29380307 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7614-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Many diseases result from programming effects in utero. This chapter describes recent advances in proteomic studies which have improved our understanding of the underlying pathophysiological pathways in the major psychiatric disorders, resulting in the development of potential novel biomarker tests. Such tests should be based on measurement of blood-based proteins given the ease of accessibility of this medium and the known connections between the periphery and the central nervous system. Most importantly, emerging biomarker tests should be developed on lab-on-a-chip and other handheld devices to enable point-of-care use. This should help to identify individuals with psychiatric disorders much sooner than ever before, which will allow more rapid treatment options for the best possible patient outcomes.
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22
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Inflammatory Profiles in Depressed Adolescents Treated with Fluoxetine: An 8-Week Follow-up Open Study. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:4074051. [PMID: 30662368 PMCID: PMC6312587 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4074051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in cytokine levels in major depression and during treatment have been reported in adults. However, few studies have examined cytokine levels in an adolescent sample despite this being a common age of onset. Methods. We measured proinflammatory (IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, and IL-15) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-1Ra, and IL-10) cytokine serum levels in 22 adolescents with major depression and 18 healthy volunteers. Cytokines were measured by multiplex bead-based immunoassays at baseline, and 4 and 8 weeks after commencement of fluoxetine administration in the clinical group. Results. Compared to healthy volunteers, adolescents with major depression at baseline showed significant increases in all pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, except IL-1Ra and IL-10. Significant changes were observed in fluoxetine treatment compared to baseline: proinflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, and IL-15 were decreased only at week 4 whereas IL-2 was increased only at week 8; anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-5 were increased at week 8 while IL-1Ra was reduced only at week 4. There were no significant correlations between cytokine levels and symptomatic improvement in HDRS. Discussion. The results suggest a significant interplay between cytokine levels, the depressive state, and the stage of treatment with an SSRI. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in depressed adolescents with elevated IL-12, IL-13, and IL-15 levels. Further studies are necessary to clarify the role and mechanisms of altered cytokine levels in the pathogenesis and physiopathology of major depressive disorder.
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23
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Type D personality and the degree of control of bronchial asthma. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2018; 35:387-391. [PMID: 30206452 PMCID: PMC6130135 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2018.77670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Poor asthma control is probably associated with both biological and psychological factors. Type D pattern of behavior is characterized by negative emotionality and inhibition in social relationships. It was previously found to be associated with cardiovascular diseases. Aim To evaluate the correlation between the degree of asthma control and the severity of the components of type D behavior pattern. Material and methods The research was conducted on a group of 117 subjects with bronchial asthma. The control group consisted of 32 healthy subjects. The degree of bronchial asthma control was determined using the Asthma Control Test. The D pattern of behavior was measured using the DS-14 questionnaire. Results The risk of type D behavior pattern, defined as scoring at least 10 points in both scales (Negative Emotionality and Social Inhibition), was higher in subjects with uncontrolled asthma than in healthy individuals (OR = 5.19; 95% CI: 1.74–15.44), those with partial control of asthma (OR = 6.04; 95% CI: 1.87–19.52) and subjects with good control of asthma (OR = 8.46; 95% CI: 3.09–23.16). The severity of depressiveness correlated positively with the number of infections in the past year. Negative emotionality correlated positively with the number of infections and social inhibition. Conclusions Type D pattern of behavior may be associated with diagnosis and severity of asthma. Due to its link to poor control of asthma symptoms, a high level of negative emotionality among patients with asthma might be of particular interest to the clinicians.
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Richards EM, Zanotti-Fregonara P, Fujita M, Newman L, Farmer C, Ballard ED, Machado-Vieira R, Yuan P, Niciu MJ, Lyoo CH, Henter ID, Salvadore G, Drevets WC, Kolb H, Innis RB, Zarate Jr CA. PET radioligand binding to translocator protein (TSPO) is increased in unmedicated depressed subjects. EJNMMI Res 2018; 8:57. [PMID: 29971587 PMCID: PMC6029989 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-018-0401-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is associated with major depressive disorder (MDD). Translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO), a putative biomarker of neuroinflammation, is quantified using positron emission tomography (PET) and 11C-PBR28, a TSPO tracer. We sought to (1) investigate TSPO binding in MDD subjects currently experiencing a major depressive episode, (2) investigate the effects of antidepressants on TSPO binding, and (3) determine the relationship of peripheral and central inflammatory markers to cerebral TSPO binding. Twenty-eight depressed MDD subjects (unmedicated (n = 12) or medicated (n = 16)) and 20 healthy controls (HC) underwent PET imaging using 11C-PBR28. Total distribution volume (VT, proportional to Bmax/Kd) was measured and corrected with the free fraction in plasma (fp). The subgenual prefrontal cortex (sgPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) were the primary regions of interest. Peripheral blood samples and cerebrospinal fluid were analyzed to investigate the relationship between TSPO binding and peripheral and central inflammatory markers, including interleukins and neurotrophic factors previously linked to depression. RESULTS TSPO binding was higher in MDD versus HC in the sgPFC (Cohen's d = 0.64, p = .038, 95% CI 0.04-1.24) and ACC (d = 0.60, p = .049, 95% CI 0.001-1.21), though these comparisons missed the corrected threshold for statistical significance (α = .025). Exploratory analyses demonstrated that unmedicated MDD subjects had the highest level of TSPO binding, followed by medicated MDD subjects, who did not differ from HC. TSPO binding correlated with interleukin-5 in cerebrospinal fluid but with no other central inflammatory markers. CONCLUSIONS This study found a trend towards increased TSPO binding in the brains of MDD subjects, and post hoc analysis extended these findings by demonstrating that this abnormality is significant in unmedicated (but not medicated) MDD subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica M. Richards
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, CRC Room 6-5340, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | | | - Masahiro Fujita
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, CRC Room 6-5340, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Laura Newman
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, CRC Room 6-5340, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Cristan Farmer
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, CRC Room 6-5340, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Elizabeth D. Ballard
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, CRC Room 6-5340, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Rodrigo Machado-Vieira
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, CRC Room 6-5340, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Peixiong Yuan
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, CRC Room 6-5340, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Mark J. Niciu
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, CRC Room 6-5340, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Chul Hyoung Lyoo
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ioline D. Henter
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, CRC Room 6-5340, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | | | | | - Hartmuth Kolb
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ USA
| | - Robert B. Innis
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, CRC Room 6-5340, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Carlos A. Zarate Jr
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, CRC Room 6-5340, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
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25
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Meckes JK, Lim PH, Wert SL, Luo W, Gacek SA, Platt D, Jankord R, Saar K, Redei EE. Brain region-specific expression of genes mapped within quantitative trait loci for behavioral responsiveness to acute stress in Fisher 344 and Wistar Kyoto male rats. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194293. [PMID: 29529077 PMCID: PMC5847310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute stress responsiveness is a quantitative trait that varies in severity from one individual to another; however, the genetic component underlying the individual variation is largely unknown. Fischer 344 (F344) and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rat strains show large differences in behavioral responsiveness to acute stress, such as freezing behavior in response to footshock during the conditioning phase of contextual fear conditioning (CFC). Quantitative trait loci (QTL) have been identified for behavioral responsiveness to acute stress in the defensive burying (DB) and open field test (OFT) from a reciprocal F2 cross of F344 and WKY rat strains. These included a significant QTL on chromosome 6 (Stresp10). Here, we hypothesized that the Stresp10 region harbors genes with sequence variation(s) that contribute to differences in multiple behavioral response phenotypes between the F344 and WKY rat strains. To test this hypothesis, first we identified differentially expressed genes within the Stresp10 QTL in the hippocampus, amygdala, and frontal cortex of F344 and WKY male rats using genome-wide microarray analyses. Genes with both expression differences and non-synonymous sequence variations in their coding regions were considered candidate quantitative trait genes (QTGs). As a proof-of-concept, the F344.WKY-Stresp10 congenic strain was generated with the Stresp10 WKY donor region into the F344 recipient strain. This congenic strain showed behavioral phenotypes similar to those of WKYs. Expression patterns of Gpatch11 (G-patch domain containing 11), Cdkl4 (Cyclin dependent kinase like 4), and Drc1 (Dynein regulatory complex subunit 1) paralleled that of WKY in the F344.WKY-Stresp10 strain matching the behavioral profiles of WKY as opposed to F344 parental strains. We propose that these genes are candidate QTGs for behavioral responsiveness to acute stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanie K. Meckes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Patrick H. Lim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Stephanie L. Wert
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Wendy Luo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Stephanie A. Gacek
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Dana Platt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Ryan Jankord
- Applied Neuroscience, Warfighter Interface Division, 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, United States of America
| | - Kathrin Saar
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Eva E. Redei
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
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Jiang J, Wang J, Li C. Potential Mechanisms Underlying the Therapeutic Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy. Neurosci Bull 2017; 33:339-347. [PMID: 28032314 PMCID: PMC5567510 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-016-0094-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In spite of the extensive application of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), how it works remains unclear. So far, researchers have made great efforts in figuring out the mechanisms underlying the effect of ECT treatment via determining the levels of neurotransmitters and cytokines and using genetic and epigenetic tools, as well as structural and functional neuroimaging. To help address this question and provide implications for future research, relevant clinical trials and animal experiments are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangling Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Jijun Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Chunbo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
- Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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Cytokine profile and maternal depression and anxiety symptoms in mid-pregnancy-the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. Arch Womens Ment Health 2017; 20:39-48. [PMID: 27699637 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-016-0672-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Maternal prenatal psychological symptoms are associated with child health outcomes, e.g., atopic diseases. Altered prenatal functioning of the immune system is a potential mechanism linking maternal symptoms with child health. Research on prenatal distress and cytokines is warranted. The study population comprised consecutive N = 139 women from a general population-based FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. Standardized questionnaires for depressive, overall anxiety, and pregnancy-related anxiety symptoms were used. Serum concentrations of selected cytokines were analyzed using Multiplex bead arrays from samples drawn at the gestational week 24. The concentrations of T helper (Th)2-related interleukins (IL)-9 and IL-13 and Th1-related IL-12 correlated positively with prenatal depressive and overall anxiety symptom scores (p values, range 0.011-0.029). Higher interferon (IFN)-γ/IL-4 ratio (p = 0.039) and Th2-related IL-5 (p = 0.007) concentration correlated positively with depressive symptoms. Pregnancy-related anxiety score correlated positively with IL-12 (p = 0.041), IL-13 (p = 0.025), and anti-inflammatory IL-10 (p = 0.048) concentrations. IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations were unrelated to prenatal symptoms. As a novel finding, we observed positive correlations between concentrations of potentially proallergenic cytokines and maternal prenatal psychological symptoms. Different symptom measures may yield distinct cytokine responses. This provides hypotheses for studies on mechanisms bridging prenatal stress and child health.
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Wang W, Xiang ZH, Jiang CL, Liu WZ, Shang ZL. Effects of antidepressants on P2X7 receptors. Psychiatry Res 2016; 242:281-287. [PMID: 27318632 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antidepressants including paroxetine, fluoxetine and desipramine are commonly used for treating depression. P2×7 receptors are member of the P2X family. Recent studies indicate that these receptors may constitute a novel potential target for the treatment of depression. In the present study, we examined the action of these antidepressants on cloned rat P2×7 receptors that were stably expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells by using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique, and found that paroxetine at a dose of 10µM could significantly reduce the inward currents evoked by the P2×7 receptors agonist BzATP by pre-incubation for 6-12 but not by acute application (10µM) or pre-incubation for 2-6h at a dose of 1µM, 3µM or 10µM paroxetine. Neither fluoxetine nor desipramine had significant effects on currents evoked by BzATP either applied acutely or by pre-incubation at various concentrations. These results suggest that the sensitivity of rat P2×7 receptors to antidepressants is different, which may represent an unknown mechanism by which these drugs exert their therapeutic effects and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Stress Medicine, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Zheng-Hua Xiang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chun-Lei Jiang
- Laboratory of Stress Medicine, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei-Zhi Liu
- Laboratory of Stress Medicine, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhi-Lei Shang
- Laboratory of Stress Medicine, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Karakuła-Juchnowicz H, Szachta P, Opolska A, Morylowska-Topolska J, Gałęcka M, Juchnowicz D, Krukow P, Lasik Z. The role of IgG hypersensitivity in the pathogenesis and therapy of depressive disorders. Nutr Neurosci 2016; 20:110-118. [PMID: 25268936 DOI: 10.1179/1476830514y.0000000158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Depressive episodes are associated not only with changes in neurotransmission in the central nervous system, but also may lead to structural changes in the brain through neuroendocrine, inflammatory, and immunological mechanisms. The aim of this article is to present a new hypothesis connecting the inflammatory theory of depression with IgG food hypersensitivity and leaky gut syndrome. This new potential pathway that may mediate the pathogenesis of depression implies the existence of subsequent developmental stages. Overproduction of zonulin triggered, for example, by gliadin through activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor and protease-activated receptor causes loosening of the tight junction barrier and an increase in permeability of the gut wall ('leaky gut'). This results in a process allowing larger molecules that would normally stay in the gut to cross into the bloodstream and in the induction of IgG-dependent food sensitivity. This condition causes an increased immune response and consequently induces the release of proinflammatory cytokines, which in turn may lead to the development of depressive symptoms. It seems advisable to assess the intestinal permeability using as a marker, for example, zonulin and specific IgG concentrations against selected nutritional components in patients with depression. In the case of increased IgG concentrations, the implementation of an elimination-rotation diet may prove to be an effective method of reducing inflammation. This new paradigm in the pathogenesis of depressive disorders linking leaky gut, IgG-dependent food sensitivity, inflammation, and depression is promising, but still needs further studies to confirm this theory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aneta Opolska
- c Department of Dietetics Higher School of Social Sciences , Lublin , Poland
| | | | | | | | - Paweł Krukow
- a Department of Clinical Neuropsychiatry Medical University , Lublin , Poland
| | - Zofia Lasik
- b Institute for Microecology , Poznań , Poland
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Panek M, Jonakowski M, Zioło J, Pietras T, Wieteska Ł, Małachowska B, Mokros Ł, Szemraj J, Kuna P. Identification of Relationships Between Interleukin 15 mRNA and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor II mRNA Levels With Formal Components of Temperament in Asthmatic Patients. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:1733-1744. [PMID: 26874516 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9768-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory and heterogeneous disease developing mostly through allergic inflammation, which modifies the expression of various cytokines and neurotrophins. Previous studies suggest the involvement of interleukin (IL)-15 in the regulation of immune response in asthma. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) II plays an important role as a regulator of development and survival of neurons as well as maintenance of their physiological activity. Chronic stress associated with asthma and elevated IL-15 mRNA and BDNFII mRNA levels may affect the mood and a subjective sensation of dyspnoea-inducing anxiety. Psychopathological variables and numerous cytokine/neurotrophin interactions influence the formation of temperament and strategies of coping with stress. The aim of the study was to identify the role of IL-15 mRNA and BDNFII mRNA expressions and their effect on components of temperament and strategies of coping with stress in asthmatics. A total of 352 subjects (176 healthy volunteers and 176 asthmatic patients) participated in the study. The Formal Characteristic of Behaviour-Temperament Inventory (FCB-TI), Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS), Beck Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) Scale were applied in all the subjects. The expression of IL-15 and BDNFII gene was measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Different levels of IL-15 and BDNFII expressions between healthy volunteers and patients were revealed in the study. IL-15 enhanced the BDNFII mRNA expression among patients with bronchial asthma. The depression level negatively correlated with the BDNFII mRNA expression. This neurotrophin modified the temperament variable. BDNFII significantly affected (proportional relationship) the level of briskness in asthmatic patients. BDNFII might influence the level and style of coping with stress (emotion-oriented style). This hypothesis requires further studies on protein functional models. The obtained data confirms the role of IL-15 and BDNFII in the pathomechanisms of depression and formation of selected traits defining the temperament in asthmatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Panek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, 22 Kopcinskiego St., 90-153, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Jonakowski
- Students Research Group at the Department of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, 22 Kopcinskiego St., 90-153, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jan Zioło
- Students Research Group at the Department of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, 22 Kopcinskiego St., 90-153, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Pietras
- Department of Pneumology and Allergology, Medical University of Lodz, 22 Kopcinskiego St., 90-153, Lodz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Wieteska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka St., 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Małachowska
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, 36/50 Sporna St., 91-738, Lodz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Mokros
- Students Research Group at the Department of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, 22 Kopcinskiego St., 90-153, Lodz, Poland.,Department of Pneumology and Allergology, Medical University of Lodz, 22 Kopcinskiego St., 90-153, Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka St., 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Kuna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, 22 Kopcinskiego St., 90-153, Lodz, Poland
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31
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Wesseling H, Want EJ, Guest PC, Rahmoune H, Holmes E, Bahn S. Hippocampal Proteomic and Metabonomic Abnormalities in Neurotransmission, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptotic Pathways in a Chronic Phencyclidine Rat Model. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:3174-87. [PMID: 26043028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a neuropsychiatric disorder affecting 1% of the world's population. Due to both a broad range of symptoms and disease heterogeneity, current therapeutic approaches to treat schizophrenia fail to address all symptomatic manifestations of the disease. Therefore, disease models that reproduce core pathological features of schizophrenia are needed for the elucidation of pathological disease mechanisms. Here, we employ a comprehensive global label-free liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry proteomic (LC-MS(E)) and metabonomic (LC-MS) profiling analysis combined with the targeted proteomics (selected reaction monitoring and multiplex immunoassay) of serum and brain tissues to investigate a chronic phencyclidine (PCP) rat model in which glutamatergic hypofunction is induced through noncompetitive NMDAR-receptor antagonism. Using a multiplex immunoassay, we identified alterations in the levels of several cytokines (IL-5, IL-2, and IL-1β) and fibroblast growth factor-2. Extensive proteomic and metabonomic brain tissue profiling revealed a more prominent effect of chronic PCP treatment on both the hippocampal proteome and metabonome compared to the effect on the frontal cortex. Bioinformatic pathway analysis confirmed prominent abnormalities in NMDA-receptor-associated pathways in both brain regions, as well as alterations in other neurotransmitter systems such as kainate, AMPA, and GABAergic signaling in the hippocampus and in proteins associated with neurodegeneration. We further identified abundance changes in the level of the superoxide dismutase enzyme (SODC) in both the frontal cortex and hippocampus, which indicates alterations in oxidative stress and substantiates the apoptotic pathway alterations. The present study could lead to an increased understanding of how perturbed glutamate receptor signaling affects other relevant biological pathways in schizophrenia and, therefore, support drug discovery efforts for the improved treatment of patients suffering from this debilitating psychiatric disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Wesseling
- †Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QT, U.K
| | - Elizabeth J Want
- ‡Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Paul C Guest
- †Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QT, U.K
| | - Hassan Rahmoune
- †Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QT, U.K
| | - Elaine Holmes
- ‡Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Sabine Bahn
- †Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QT, U.K.,§Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Jiang M, Qin P, Yang X. Comorbidity between depression and asthma via immune-inflammatory pathways: a meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2014; 166:22-9. [PMID: 25012406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is often present in patients with asthma and vice versa. In this review, we aimed to summarize reports on the comorbidity of depression and asthma, and to seek evidence that the biological mechanisms of allergy may have an important role linking asthma and depression. METHOD To explore the relationship and pathway underpinning this comorbidity, we reviewed medical articles and undertook a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies on (i) incidence of asthma in patients with depression; (ii) morbidity of depression in patients with asthma; (iii) concentration of cytokines in depressed subjects. RESULTS High level of comorbidity of asthma and depression was consistently demonstrated in 10 studies of patients with asthma and four studies of patients with depression. In search of biological connection of the two illnesses, thirty-eight studies were included for Meta-analyses examining differences in allergy related cytokines between patients with depression and non-depressive subjects. In people with depression, concentration of monocytes related cytokines such as IL-1 (1.56ng/mL, 95% CI: 0.00-3.12, p=0.05) was significantly higher than that in non-depressive control subjects. At the same time, some other inflammatory factors including IL-4 (5.77pg/mL, 95% CI: 2.34-9.21, p=0.00010), IL-6 (1.44ng/mL, 95% CI: 1.05-1.82, p<0.00001) and TNF-α(3.01ng/mL, 95% CI: 1.76-4.26, p<0.00001) were extremely significantly higher in depressed people compared with the controls. There was no significant differences of the T cell related cytokine levels, IFN-γ (-0.16ng/mL, 95% CI: -0.85-7.73, p=0.97), accompanied with IL-10 (0.67ng/mL, 95% CI: -0.84-2.18, p=0.38) between depressive and non-depressive groups. CONCLUSIONS The varying levels of certain cytokines play an important role in arousing and remitting asthma and depression. That suggests inflammatory response could be a common pathway adjusting both depression and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingdi Jiang
- Section of Environmental Biomedicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Ping Qin
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Xu Yang
- Section of Environmental Biomedicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
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Applications of blood-based protein biomarker strategies in the study of psychiatric disorders. Prog Neurobiol 2014; 122:45-72. [PMID: 25173695 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Major psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, major depressive and bipolar disorders are severe, chronic and debilitating, and are associated with high disease burden and healthcare costs. Currently, diagnoses of these disorders rely on interview-based assessments of subjective self-reported symptoms. Early diagnosis is difficult, misdiagnosis is a frequent occurrence and there are no objective tests that aid in the prediction of individual responses to treatment. Consequently, validated biomarkers are urgently needed to help address these unmet clinical needs. Historically, psychiatric disorders are viewed as brain disorders and consequently only a few researchers have as yet evaluated systemic changes in psychiatric patients. However, promising research has begun to challenge this concept and there is an increasing awareness that disease-related changes can be traced in the peripheral system which may even be involved in the precipitation of disease onset and course. Converging evidence from molecular profiling analysis of blood serum/plasma have revealed robust molecular changes in psychiatric patients, suggesting that these disorders may be detectable in other systems of the body such as the circulating blood. In this review, we discuss the current clinical needs in psychiatry, highlight the importance of biomarkers in the field, and review a representative selection of biomarker studies to highlight opportunities for the implementation of personalized medicine approaches in the field of psychiatry. It is anticipated that the implementation of validated biomarker tests will not only improve the diagnosis and more effective treatment of psychiatric patients, but also improve prognosis and disease outcome.
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Cytokine levels in depressed and non-depressed subjects, and masking effects of obesity. J Psychiatr Res 2014; 55:29-34. [PMID: 24838047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In major depressive disorder, changes in cytokine levels have been reported to play a role in pathogenesis. Therefore, we sought to investigate a broad range of cytokines in depression. We compared serum levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon (INF-γ) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in 64 subjects with current depression and 206 non-depressed subjects. Depressed patients had higher levels of IL-2, IL-5, IL-12, IL-13, GM-CSF, INF-γ and TNF-α, compared to non-depressed subjects. Splitting groups into non-obese (BMI < 30) and obese (BMI ≥ 30), the non-obese depressed patients (n = 40) showed elevated IL-5, IL-12, IL-13, GM-CSF, INF-γ and TNF-α levels compared to non-obese and non-depressed subjects (n = 85). The obese and depressed patients (n = 24) showed elevated levels of IL-5, IL-12 and INF-γ compared to obese but not depressed subjects (n = 121). Levels of several cytokines were found to be associated with physical activity, employment status and presence of daily naps. The results support over-expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in depression and extend the range of cytokines potentially associated with depression to include GM-CSF, IL-5 and IL-13. Changes in these cytokines may contribute to co-morbidity between depression and allergic and asthmatic diseases. The results also suggest inflammatory processes associated with obesity, and support an interaction between cytokine serum concentrations and behavioral aspects of both obesity and depression.
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35
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Panek M, Pietras T, Szemraj J, Kuna P. Association analysis of the glucocorticoid receptor gene ( NR3C1) haplotypes (ER22/23EK, N363S, BclI) with mood and anxiety disorders in patients with asthma. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:662-670. [PMID: 25009637 PMCID: PMC4079411 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation in the bronchi of long-term asthma patients worsens mood disorders, which has been shown to correlate with elevated levels of multiple proinflammatory cytokines. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene, NR3C1, plays a key role in the control of inflammation. Disturbances in the structure and function of the GR alter the glucocorticoid regulation of the corticotropin-releasing hormone, which leads to nonspecific activation of numerous receptors in the brain and alters the metabolism. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of NR3C1 haplotypes in mood and anxiety disorders. The study included 235 patients with asthma and 216 healthy individuals. Genotyping of NR3C1 gene polymorphisms was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Beck's Depression Inventory, State and Trait Anxiety Inventory tests and the Borg scale were applied for all the subjects. Significant differences in the levels of depression (P=0.000008) and dyspnea (P=0.000001) were observed between the patients and healthy subjects. In addition, a correlation was identified between spirometric parameters and the intensity of depression, anxiety and subjective dyspnea. The AA ER22/23EK, AA N363S and CC BclI haplotype of the NR3C1 gene was identified to significantly aggravate trait anxiety in patients with asthma (P=0.026). Therefore, the NR3C1 gene substantially modified the level of trait anxiety in asthma sufferers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Panek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Łódź Voivodeship 90-153, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Pietras
- Department of Pneumology and Allergology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Łódź Voivodeship 90-153, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Łódź Voivodeship 90-153, Poland
| | - Piotr Kuna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Łódź Voivodeship 90-153, Poland
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Sánchez-Villegas A, Martínez-González MA, Estruch R, Salas-Salvadó J, Corella D, Covas MI, Arós F, Romaguera D, Gómez-Gracia E, Lapetra J, Pintó X, Martínez JA, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Ros E, Gea A, Wärnberg J, Serra-Majem L. Mediterranean dietary pattern and depression: the PREDIMED randomized trial. BMC Med 2013; 11:208. [PMID: 24229349 PMCID: PMC3848350 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A few observational studies have found an inverse association between adherence to a Mediterranean diet and the risk of depression. Randomized trials with an intervention based on this dietary pattern could provide the most definitive answer to the findings reported by observational studies. The aim of this study was to compare in a randomized trial the effects of two Mediterranean diets versus a low-fat diet on depression risk after at least 3 years of intervention. METHODS This was a multicenter, randomized, primary prevention field trial of cardiovascular disease (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED Study)) based on community-dwelling men aged 55 to 80 years and women aged 60 to 80 years at high risk of cardiovascular disease (51% of them had type 2 diabetes; DM2) attending primary care centers affiliated with 11 Spanish teaching hospitals. Primary analyses were performed on an intention-to-treat basis. Cox regression models were used to assess the relationship between the nutritional intervention groups and the incidence of depression. RESULTS We identified 224 new cases of depression during follow-up. There was an inverse association with depression for participants assigned to a Mediterranean diet supplemented with nuts (multivariate hazard ratio (HR) 0.78; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.55 to 1.10) compared with participants assigned to the control group, although this was not significant. However, when the analysis was restricted to participants with DM2, the magnitude of the effect of the intervention with the Mediterranean diet supplemented with nuts did reach statistical significance (multivariate HR = 0.59; 95% CI 0.36 to 0.98). CONCLUSIONS The result suggest that a Mediterranean diet supplemented with nuts could exert a beneficial effect on the risk of depression in patients with DM2. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial has been registered in the Current Controlled Trials with the number ISRCTN 35739639.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Sánchez-Villegas
- Biomedical Research Center Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, PO Box 550, 35080 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Martínez-González
- Biomedical Research Center Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ramón Estruch
- Biomedical Research Center Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Biomedical Research Center Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Human Nutrition Unit, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- Biomedical Research Center Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Isabel Covas
- Biomedical Research Center Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Lipids and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Institut Municipal d’Investigacio Medica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Arós
- Biomedical Research Center Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Txagorritxu, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Dora Romaguera
- Biomedical Research Center Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Enrique Gómez-Gracia
- Biomedical Research Center Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - José Lapetra
- Biomedical Research Center Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, Centro de Salud San Pablo, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó
- Biomedical Research Center Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Alfredo Martínez
- Biomedical Research Center Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rosa María Lamuela-Raventós
- Biomedical Research Center Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Nutrition and Food Science Department–XaRTA, INSA, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- Biomedical Research Center Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clınic, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clınic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfredo Gea
- Biomedical Research Center Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Julia Wärnberg
- Biomedical Research Center Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- Biomedical Research Center Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, PO Box 550, 35080 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Dunjic-Kostic B, Ivkovic M, Radonjic NV, Petronijevic ND, Pantovic M, Damjanovic A, Poznanovic ST, Jovanovic A, Nikolic T, Jasovic-Gasic M. Melancholic and atypical major depression--connection between cytokines, psychopathology and treatment. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013. [PMID: 23200828 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Growing scientific evidence indicates that there is a correlation between depression and alternations in the immune system. The main aim of the study was to investigate serum levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) in melancholic and atypical depressive patients during acute exacerbations of illness, compared to healthy subjects. The secondary aim was to explore a possible association between cytokine levels and clinical characteristics, as well as total duration of prior antidepressant treatment. METHOD We measured serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in 47 patients suffering from major depressive disorder (MDD) (29 melancholic and 18 atypical) in exacerbation of illness, compared to 39 healthy controls, matched by sex, body mass index (BMI) and smoking habits. Serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The severity of psychopathology was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). RESULTS IL-6 was significantly elevated in melancholic depressive patients (MDD-M) compared to healthy controls, while no difference was found between the patients with atypical depression (MDD-A) and the healthy group. Lower TNF-α serum level was found both in melancholic and in patients with atypical depression, compared with healthy subjects. We detected a positive correlation between cytokine levels in atypical, but not in melancholic subjects. Sex, age, smoking habits and BMI were not associated to cytokine levels in neither group. Clinical parameters (duration of illness, current episode, age of onset) were related to cytokine levels in atypical depression, while the duration of lifetime exposure to antidepressant treatment correlated to IL-6 serum levels in both melancholic and atypical depression. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the difference in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels could reflect a biological difference between melancholic and atypical depression. A positive correlation between the cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) observed in depressive patients with atypical features, might be influenced by chronic course of illness, while IL-6 elevation could represent a state indicator for acute exacerbation, especially in melancholic patients. Total duration of antidepressant treatment could be a relevant factor influencing the immune status of patients who suffer either from melancholic or atypical depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Dunjic-Kostic
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Freitas AE, Machado DG, Budni J, Neis VB, Balen GO, Lopes MW, de Souza LF, Veronezi PO, Heller M, Micke GA, Pizzolatti MG, Dafre AL, Leal RB, Rodrigues ALS. Antidepressant-like action of the bark ethanolic extract from Tabebuia avellanedae in the olfactory bulbectomized mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 145:737-745. [PMID: 23237932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tabebuia avellanedae Lorentz ex Griseb is a plant employed in tropical America folk medicine for the treatment of several diseases, including depressive disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the ability of Tabebuia avellanedae ethanolic extract (EET) administered chronically to cause an antidepressant-like effect in the tail suspension test (TST), a predictive test of antidepressant activity, and to reverse behavioral (hyperactivity, anhedonic-like behavior and increased immobility time in the TST) and biochemical changes induced by olfactory bulbectomy (OB), a model of depression, in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were submitted to OB to induce depressive-related behaviors, which were evaluated in the open-field test (hyperactivity), splash test (loss of motivational and self-care behavior indicative of an anhedonic-like behavior) and TST (increased immobility time). Phosphorylation levels of Akt, GSK-3β, ERK1/2 and CREB, as well as BDNF immunocontent, were evaluated in the hippocampus of bulbectomized mice or sham-operated mice treated for 14 days by p.o. route with EET or vehicle. RESULTS EET (10 and 30mg/kg) given 14 days by p.o route to mice reduced the immobility time in the TST without altering locomotor activity, an indicative of an antidepressant-like effect. EET per se increased both CREB (Ser(133)) and GSK-3β (Ser(9)) phosphorylation (at doses of 10-30 and 30mg/kg, respectively) in sham-operated mice. OB caused hyperactivity, loss of motivational and self-care behavior, increased immobility time in the TST and an increase in CREB and ERK1 phosphorylation, as well as BDNF immunocontent. EET abolished all these OB-induced alterations except the increment of CREB phosphorylation. Akt (Ser(473)) and ERK2 phosphorylation levels were not altered in any group. CONCLUSIONS EET ability to abolish the behavioral changes induced by OB was accompanied by modulation of ERK1 and BDNF signaling pathways, being a promising target of EET. Results indicate that this plant could constitute an attractive strategy for the management of depressive disorders, once more validating the traditional use of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andiara E Freitas
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário-Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis-SC, Brazil
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Réus GZ, Dos Santos MAB, Abelaira HM, Ribeiro KF, Petronilho F, Vuolo F, Colpo GD, Pfaffenseller B, Kapczinski F, Dal-Pizzol F, Quevedo J. Imipramine reverses alterations in cytokines and BDNF levels induced by maternal deprivation in adult rats. Behav Brain Res 2012; 242:40-6. [PMID: 23238043 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence is pointing toward an association between immune molecules, as well brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the depression. The present study was aimed to evaluate the behavioral and molecular effects of the antidepressant imipramine in maternally deprived adult rats. To this aim, maternally deprived and non-deprived (control group) male rats were treated with imipramine (30mg/kg) once a day for 14 days during their adult phase. Their behavior was then assessed using the forced swimming test. In addition to this, IL-10, TNF-α and IL-1β cytokines were assessed in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In addition, BDNF protein levels were assessed in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala. In deprived rats treated with saline was observed an increase on immobility time, compared with non-deprived rats treated with imipramine (p<0.05). Deprived rats treated with saline presented a decrease on BDNF levels in the amygdala (p<0.05), compared with all other groups. The IL-10 levels were decreased in the serum (p<0.05). TNF-α and IL-1β levels were increased in the serum and CSF of deprived rats treated with saline (p<0.05). Interestingly, imipramine treatment reversed the effects of maternal deprivation on BDNF and cytokines levels (p<0.05). Finally, these findings further support a relationship between immune activation, neurotrophins and the depression, and considering the action of imipramine, it is suggested that classic antidepressants could exert their effects by modulating the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislaine Z Réus
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), and Núcleo de Excelência em Neurociências Aplicadas de Santa Catarina (NENASC), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
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Schlaak JF, Trippler M, Hoyo-Becerra C, Erim Y, Kis B, Wang B, Scherbaum N, Gerken G. Selective hyper-responsiveness of the interferon system in major depressive disorders and depression induced by interferon therapy. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38668. [PMID: 22701688 PMCID: PMC3368901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though an important percentage of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) undergoing interferon (IFN) therapy develop depressive symptoms, the role of the IFN system in the pathogenesis of depressive disorders is not well understood. METHODS 50 patients with HCV infection were treated with standard combination therapy (pegylated IFN-α2a/ribavirin). IFN-induced gene expression was analyzed to identify genes which are differentially regulated in patients with or without IFN-induced depression. For validation, PBMC from 22 psychiatric patients with a severe depressive episode (SDE) and 11 controls were cultivated in vitro with pegylated IFN-α2a and gene expression was analyzed. RESULTS IFN-induced depression in HCV patients was associated with selective upregulation of 15 genes, including 6 genes that were previously described to be relevant for major depressive disorders or neuronal development. In addition, increased endogenous IFN-production and selective hyper-responsiveness of these genes to IFN stimulation were observed in SDE patients. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that selective hyper-responsiveness to exogenous (IFN therapy) or endogenous (depressive disorders) type I IFNs may lead to the development of depressive symptoms. These data could lead to the discovery of novel therapeutic approaches to treat IFN-induced and major depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg F Schlaak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany.
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