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Klomsten Andersen O, Gebremariam MK, Kaupang OB, Lien N, Kolle E. Built for movement: Neighborhoods and adolescent physical activity behaviors, and the moderating role of socioeconomic position and gender. Health Place 2024; 89:103313. [PMID: 39024998 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
This study examined whether the built environment was associated with physical activity among adolescents in Oslo, Norway, and the role of socioeconomic position and gender as potential moderators of this association. We used data from 897 adolescents who participated in the TACKLE cross-sectional study conducted in 2020. Built environment features (recreational facilities, parks, forest, public transport, traffic calming devices, and schools) were assessed objectively using Geographical Information Systems. Physical activity data included device-measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, total physical activity, and self-reported active transportation to school. Using general linear models and logistic regression, we found that most built environment features were unrelated to the participants' device-measured physical activity. Longer distances to school and to traffic calming devices were associated with decreased likelihood of participants reporting active transportation to school. Our moderated regression analysis showed that adolescents with low socioeconomic backgrounds seemed less affected by longer distances to school compared with their high socioeconomic counterparts. Furthermore, boys appeared to be more sensitive to traffic safety relative to girls. Implementing traffic calming devices may enhance active transportation to school and improve traffic safety for Norwegian adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mekdes Kebede Gebremariam
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Nanna Lien
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elin Kolle
- Department of Sports Sciences, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Norway
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Rodriguez-Mireles S, Lopez-Valcarcel BG, Galdos-Arias P, Perez-Diaz E, Serra-Majem L. Socioeconomic disparities in diet and physical activity in children: evidence from well-child visit electronic health records in the Canary Islands, Spain. J Epidemiol Community Health 2024; 78:354-359. [PMID: 38458631 PMCID: PMC11103342 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2023-220335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet and physical activity (PA) in childhood are heavily influenced by the living environment. While diet quality follows a socioeconomic pattern, limited evidence is available in relation to PA in children. We assessed the effect of socioeconomic status at the individual (SES) and neighbourhood (NSES) levels on diet and PA among children from the general population of the Canary Islands, Spain. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, patients aged 6-14 years from the Canary Health Service in 2018 were included (n=89 953). Diet and PA surveys from the electronic health records of the well-child visit programme were used. A healthy habits (HH) score was defined to assess the level of adherence to the dietary and leisure time PA guidelines. We modelled the association between the HH score, SES and NSES using a stepwise multilevel linear regression analysis, differentiating between specific and general contextual observational effects. RESULTS A strong positive association between SES and the HH score was found, as children living in more affluent families were more likely to follow a healthy diet and being physically active. Differences in the HH score between geographical areas were of minor relevance (variance partition coefficient=1.8%) and the general contextual effects were not substantially mediated by NSES (proportional change in variance=3.5%). However, the HH score was significantly lower in children from areas with a higher percentage of annual incomes below the €18 000 threshold. CONCLUSION HH followed a socioeconomic gradient at the individual and the neighbourhood level. In the study population, the geographical component of the inequalities found were low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rodriguez-Mireles
- Department of Quantitative Methods for Economics and Management, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Department of Admissions and Clinical Documentation, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr Negrin, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Department of Health Care Quality Assessment and Information System, Healthcare Programmes General Directorate, Canary Islands Health Service, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Beatriz G Lopez-Valcarcel
- Department of Quantitative Methods for Economics and Management, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Patricia Galdos-Arias
- Department of Primary Care, Healthcare Programmes General Directorate, Canary Islands Health Service, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Enrique Perez-Diaz
- Department of Primary Care, Healthcare Programmes General Directorate, Canary Islands Health Service, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno-Infantil de Canarias, Canary Islands Health Service, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Lamb KE, Daniel M, Chaix B, Kestens Y, Coffee NT, Thornton LE. Socioeconomic differences in associations between living in a 20-min neighbourhood and diet, physical activity and self-rated health: Cross-sectional findings from ProjectPLAN. Health Place 2023; 84:103119. [PMID: 37742399 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The 20-min neighbourhood (20MN) concept aims to enable residents to meet daily needs using resources within a 20-min trip from home noting that there is no single definition of what services and amenities are required for daily needs nor what modes of transport constitute a 20 min trip. Whether 20MNs promote better health and whether associations differ by socio-economic status (SES) is unknown. Using cross-sectional data from adults randomly sampled in 2018-19 from Melbourne or Adelaide, Australia, we examined whether associations between neighbourhood type (20MN/non-20MN) and diet, physical activity or self-rated health vary according to individual- or area-level SES. We found no consistent patterns of interactions. The results do not consistently support the often assumed belief that 20MNs support more healthful behaviour and that these relationships vary by SES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Lamb
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Mark Daniel
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, GeoHealth Laboratory, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Basile Chaix
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Nemesis Research team, F75012, Paris, France
| | - Yan Kestens
- École de Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal (ESPUM), Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique (CReSP), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Neil T Coffee
- Deakin Rural Health, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Warrnambool, VIC, Australia
| | - Lukar E Thornton
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia; Department of Marketing, Faculty of Business Economics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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D'Agostino EM, Zhang S, Day SE, Konty KJ, Armstrong S, Skinner A, Neshteruk CD. The longitudinal association between asthma severity and physical fitness among new York City public school youth. Prev Med 2023; 170:107486. [PMID: 36931475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Severe persistent childhood asthma is associated with low physical activity and may be associated with poor physical fitness. Research on the asthma severity-fitness association longitudinally and across sociodemographic subgroups is needed to inform fitness interventions targeting youth with asthma. We evaluated the relationship between asthma severity (categorized as severe, mild, or no asthma) and subsequent fitness in New York City (NYC) public school youth enrolled in grades 4-12 using the NYC Fitnessgram dataset (2010-2018). Longitudinal mixed models with random intercepts were fit to test the association between asthma severity and one-year lagged fitness z-scores by clustering repeated annual observations at the student level. Models were adjusted for sex, race/ethnicity, grade level, poverty status, time, and stratified by sociodemographic factors. The analytic sample included 663,137 students (51% male; 31% non-Hispanic Black, 40% Hispanic; 55% in grades 4-8, 70% high poverty; 87%, 11% and 1% with no, mild, and severe asthma, respectively). Students with severe asthma and mild asthma demonstrated -0.19 (95% CI, -0.20 to -0.17) and - 0.10 (95% CI, -0.11 to -0.10), respectively, lower fitness z-scores in the subsequent year relative to students without asthma. After stratifying by demographics, the magnitude of the asthma severity-fitness relationship was highest for non-Hispanic white vs. all other racial/ethnic subgroups, and was similar across sex, grade level, and household poverty status. Overall, we observed an inverse longitudinal relationship between asthma severity and subsequent fitness among urban youth, particularly non-Hispanic Whites. Future research should examine how neighborhood-level factors impact the asthma severity-fitness relationship across racial/ethnic subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M D'Agostino
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, United States of America; Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, United States of America.
| | - Sue Zhang
- Trinity College of Arts and Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Sophia E Day
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Office of School Health, NY, New York, United States of America
| | - Kevin J Konty
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Office of School Health, NY, New York, United States of America
| | - Sarah Armstrong
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, United States of America; Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, NC, United States of America; Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Asheley Skinner
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America; Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Cody D Neshteruk
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, United States of America
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Liu Y, Trude ACB, Song S, Jiang N, Wang S, Gittelsohn J, Wen D. Childhood obesity inequality in northeast China: joint effect of social economic status and school neighborhood environment. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:318. [PMID: 36782186 PMCID: PMC9926811 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15194-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesogenic environment is important in driving obesity epidemic. Children spend large amount of their time in schools. School neighborhood environment, as well as its interaction with socioeconomic status (SES) needs to be explored to provide evidence for children obesity prevention policies. METHODS Objective anthropometric measurement, a household structured questionnaire, and school geospatial analyses were carried out on 3670 children (aged 9-12 years) of 26 schools in northeast China. Interaction between SES inter-categorical intersectionality group and school neighborhood environment was tested for the effect on children's body mass index z scores (z-BMI) and waist-hip ratio z scores (z-WHR), following formulation of SES inter-categorical intersectionality group based on household wealth, parental education, and parental occupation. RESULTS SES groups formed by household wealth, parental education and parental occupation was associated with z-BMI and z-WHR for girls. Those from moderate wealth & self-employed (M&S) families had the highest adjusted z-BMI and z-WHR among all SES groups. School neighborhood environment factors interacted with SES groups in association with WHR for girls. Number of school neighborhood supermarkets and residential sites were negatively associated with z-WHR for girls from M&S families (β= -0.45 (95%CI: -0.76, -0.15) for supermarkets; β= -0.01 (95%CI: -0.03, 0.00) for residential sites). Number of school neighborhood convenience stores and public transport stops were positively associated with z-WHR for girls from M&S families (β = 0.02 (95%CI: 0.00, 0.03) for convenience stores; β = 0.23 (95%CI: 0.15, 0.31) for public transport stops). While non-significant association was found for number of vegetable stores. CONCLUSION Girls from moderate wealth & self-employed families may be the group susceptible to school neighborhood environment. Local policies targeted at improving the school neighborhood environment may be one avenue for reducing socioeconomic disparities in obesity especially for girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Institute of Health Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Angela Cristina Bizzotto Trude
- grid.411024.20000 0001 2175 4264Department of Pediatrics, Growth and Nutrition Division, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Shenzhi Song
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Institute of Health Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Institute of International Medical Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shihan Wang
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884School of public health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Joel Gittelsohn
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Human Nutrition Center, Baltimore, United States
| | - Deliang Wen
- Institute of Health Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Andersen OK, Gebremariam MK, Kolle E, Tarp J. Socioeconomic position, built environment and physical activity among children and adolescents: a systematic review of mediating and moderating effects. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:149. [PMID: 36510203 PMCID: PMC9743748 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01385-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity behaviors among children and adolescents are socioeconomically patterned. Understanding if, and how, the built environment contributes to socioeconomic inequalities in physical activity and for whom built environments are most important, can lead to the identification of intervention entry points to reduce inequalities in physical activity. OBJECTIVE To summarize the existing evidence among children and adolescents on (a) whether the built environment mediates the association between socioeconomic position and physical activity and (b) whether socioeconomic position moderates the association between the built environment and physical activity. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO and Web of Science. Two independent reviewers screened articles for eligibility, extracted information from included studies and assessed risk of bias with the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional studies. We performed a narrative evidence synthesis considering the totality of the evidence and by study characteristics such as geographic region, age group, and exposure-outcome assessment methodology. The reporting was conducted in agreement with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. RESULTS A total of 28 papers were included. In general, the studies were of low methodological quality. There was no evidence to support that the built environment functions as a mediator in the relationship between socioeconomic position and physical activity. We observed inconclusive moderation patterns with five studies reporting stronger associations between features of the built environment and physical activity among high socioeconomic positioned youths. Seven studies reported stronger associations among low socioeconomic positioned youth and fourteen studies reported no difference in associations. We observed different moderation patterns across geographical regions (Europe vs. US) indicating that, in Europe, having a walkable neighborhood is important for low socioeconomic positioned youth only. No differences in moderation patterns were observed for younger vs. older children or activity domains. CONCLUSION Current evidence does not support a strong interplay between built environment and socioeconomic position on physical activity in youth. However, given the low quality of the evidence, firm conclusions cannot be made, and additional high-quality research is likely to have substantial impact on the evidence base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oddbjørn Klomsten Andersen
- grid.412285.80000 0000 8567 2092Department of Sports Sciences, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PO Box 4014, Ullevaal stadion, 0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mekdes Kebede Gebremariam
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elin Kolle
- grid.412285.80000 0000 8567 2092Department of Sports Sciences, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PO Box 4014, Ullevaal stadion, 0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jakob Tarp
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Akinci ZS, Delclòs-Alió X, Vich G, Salvo D, Ibarluzea J, Miralles-Guasch C. How different are objective operationalizations of walkability for older adults compared to the general population? A systematic review. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:673. [PMID: 35971086 PMCID: PMC9377138 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03233-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Walking is an essential activity for everyone and for older adults in particular, given that it is the most accessible form of physical activity and one of the healthiest transportation modes. Understanding how walkability (the potential of the environment to enable and/or encourage walking) has been objectively measured and analyzed for older adults is critical to create more inclusive, healthy, and sustainable environments and to promote healthy aging. Despite the numerous reviews on physical activity among older adults and its relationship with the built environment, the literature still lacks comparison reviews focusing specifically on objective operationalizations of walkability for older adults vs. the general population. Methods We conducted a systematic review of 146 empirical studies that measured walkability objectively in relation to walking-related outcomes. We compared studies focused on older adults (n = 24) and the general population (n = 122). Content analysis included the characteristics of the study design, walkability measures, spatial extent, and associations found between walkability and walking-related outcomes. Results In both groups of publications, the majority of studies were conducted in the US, Canada, and Europe, and largely in high-income countries. They were mostly published in health-related journals and used cross-sectional designs, operationalized walkability by using indexes, employed self-reported measures for walking-related outcomes, and found positive associations between walkability and walking outcomes. However, we observed some differences among studies focusing on older adults. Compared to studies focusing on the general population, a larger proportion of studies on older adults was conducted in the Middle East and Asia, and they used longitudinal designs, mixed methods to measure walking-related outcomes, variables related with land-use characteristics, safety from traffic and crime, and greenery, and a larger proportion found positive, as well as no associations between walkability and walking-related outcomes. Conclusion Although there is a promising increase in interest in older adults-focused walkability studies in the last decade, there is still a need for more studies focusing on different settings, using wider spatial extents, longitudinal designs, objective or mixed methods to collect outcome data, and specific variables and/or specially created indexes for older adults and for settings. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-022-03233-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep S Akinci
- Grup d'Estudis en Mobilitat, Transport i Territori (GEMOTT), Departament de Geografia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici B, Campus de Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Xavier Delclòs-Alió
- Grup de Recerca en Anàlisi Territorial i Estudis Turístics (GRATET), Departament de Geografia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Vila-seca, Spain
| | - Guillem Vich
- Grup d'Estudis en Mobilitat, Transport i Territori (GEMOTT), Departament de Geografia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici B, Campus de Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.,ISGlobal (Barcelona Institute for Global Health), Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Deborah Salvo
- People, Health and Place Unit; Prevention Research Center in St. Louis; Brown School; Washington University in St Louis , St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jesús Ibarluzea
- Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Sub-Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, 20013, San Sebastian, Spain.,Faculty of Psychology of the University of the Basque Country, 20018, San Sebastian, Spain.,Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development Group, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Carme Miralles-Guasch
- Grup d'Estudis en Mobilitat, Transport i Territori (GEMOTT), Departament de Geografia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici B, Campus de Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona - Edifici ICTA-ICP, Campus de Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
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Buli BG, Tillander A, Fell T, Bälter K. Active Commuting and Healthy Behavior among Adolescents in Neighborhoods with Varying Socioeconomic Status: The NESLA Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19073784. [PMID: 35409464 PMCID: PMC8997619 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: The World Health Organization recommends active commuting as a source of physical activity. Active commuting is determined by various factors, including the socioeconomic status (SES) of families and neighborhoods, distance to schools, perceived neighborhood safety, lifestyles and availability of walkways and biking paths. This study aimed to assess factors associated with modes of transportation to and from school among adolescents aged 16–19 living in a middle-sized city in Sweden. (2) Method: Three hundred and fourteen students, of whom 55% were females, from schools in the city of Västerås participated in the study. Printed as well as web-based self-administered questionnaires were used to collect the data. (3) Results: Adolescents living in high SES neighborhoods were 80% more likely to bike or walk to school (OR = 1.80; CI: 1.01, 3.20) than adolescents living in low SES neighborhoods. Furthermore, active commuting was associated with higher consumption of fruits and vegetables (OR = 1.77; CI: 1.05, 2.97) and less consumption of junk foods (OR = 0.43; CI: 0.26, 0.71), as compared to passive commuting. (4) Conclusions: Active commuting is a cost-effective and sustainable source of regular physical activity and should be encouraged at a societal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benti Geleta Buli
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Mälardalen University, 722 20 Västerås, Sweden;
- Correspondence:
| | - Annika Tillander
- Department of Computer and Information Science, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden;
| | - Terence Fell
- Division of Economics and Political Science, Mälardalen University, 722 20 Västerås, Sweden;
| | - Katarina Bälter
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Mälardalen University, 722 20 Västerås, Sweden;
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Luo R, Silenzio VMB, Huang Y, Chen X, Luo D. The Changes and the Predictors of Suicidal Ideation Among HIV-positive Sexual Minority Men: A Five-year Longitudinal Study from China. AIDS Behav 2022; 26:339-349. [PMID: 34331609 PMCID: PMC8813835 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-021-03387-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore whether there were differences in suicidal ideation at different time points among sexual minority men (SMM) within five years of HIV diagnosis, and to investigate the influence of time and psychosocial variables on suicidal ideation. This was a five-year follow-up study focusing on the suicidal ideation among HIV-positive SMM who were recruited when they were newly diagnosed with HIV. Suicidal ideation and psychosocial characteristics including depression, anxiety, HIV-related stress, and social support were assessed within one month, the first year, and the fifth year after HIV diagnosis. A total of 197 SMM newly diagnosed with HIV completed three-time point surveys in this study. The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 27.4%, 15.7%, and 23.9% at one month, the first year, and the fifth year after HIV diagnosis, respectively. The risk of suicidal ideation was lower in the first year than baseline, but there was no significant difference between the fifth year and baseline. Emotional stress and objective support independently predicted suicidal ideation and they had interactions with time. The suicidal ideation of SMM newly diagnosed with HIV decreased in the first year and then increased in the fifth year, not showing a sustained decline trend in a longer trajectory of HIV diagnosis. Stress management, especially long-term stress assessment and management with a focus on emotional stress should be incorporated into HIV health care in an appropriate manner. In addition, social support should also be continuously provided to this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Luo
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078 People’s Republic of China
| | - Vincent M. B. Silenzio
- Department of Urban-Global Public Health, Rutgers School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ USA
| | - Yunxiang Huang
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Changsha, Hunan People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078 People’s Republic of China
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Associations between Children's Physical Activity and Neighborhood Environments Using GIS: A Secondary Analysis from a Systematic Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031033. [PMID: 35162057 PMCID: PMC8834090 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Regular participation in physical activity is essential for children's physical, mental, and cognitive health. Neighborhood environments may be especially important for children who are more likely to spend time in the environment proximal to home. This article provides an update of evidence for associations between children's physical activity behaviors and objectively assessed environmental characteristics derived using geographical information system (GIS)-based approaches. A systematic scoping review yielded 36 relevant articles of varying study quality. Most studies were conducted in the USA. Findings highlight the need for neighborhoods that are well connected, have higher population densities, and have a variety of destinations in the proximal neighborhood to support children's physical activity behaviors. A shorter distance to school and safe traffic environments were significant factors in supporting children's active travel behaviors. Areas for improvement in the field include the consideration of neighborhood self-selection bias, including more diverse population groups, ground-truthing GIS databases, utilising data-driven approaches to derive environmental indices, and improving the temporal alignment of GIS datasets with behavioral outcomes.
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Kim Y, Ritchie L, Landgraf A, Hasson RE, Colabianchi N. The Role of the Neighborhood Social Environment in Physical Activity among Hispanic Children: Moderation by Cultural Factors and Mediation by Neighborhood Norms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17249527. [PMID: 33352648 PMCID: PMC7766550 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about how the neighborhood social environment (e.g., safety, crime, traffic) impacts child physical activity. We examine the mechanism by which the neighborhood social environment is associated with child physical activity, moderated by individual-level cultural factors (e.g., language at home, immigrant generation) and mediated by neighborhood physical activity-related social norms (e.g., seeing walkers in the neighborhood). Data included 2749 non-Hispanic White and Hispanic children from the Healthy Communities Study. Multilevel regression was performed. The neighborhood social environment was not associated with physical activity in the full sample. However, Hispanic children speaking both English and Spanish and first- or second-generation Hispanic children engaged in more physical activity when the quality of the neighborhood social environment was higher (b = 1.60, p < 0.001 for Hispanic children speaking English and Spanish; b = 2.03, p < 0.01 for first-generation Hispanic children; b = 1.29, p < 0.01 for second-generation Hispanic children). Neighborhood physical activity-related social norms mediated the association between the neighborhood social environment and physical activity among Hispanic children speaking English and Spanish (b = 0.33, p < 0.001) and second-generation Hispanic children (b = 0.40, p < 0.001). Findings suggest heterogeneity in how neighborhood social environments impact physical activity by cultural factors. Health promotion programs may need to enhance neighborhood social environments to increase Hispanic children’s physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonwoo Kim
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76010, USA;
| | - Lorrene Ritchie
- Nutrition Policy Institute, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Oakland, CA 94607, USA;
| | | | - Rebecca E. Hasson
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Natalie Colabianchi
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(734)-764-4765
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12
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Smith M, Cui J, Ikeda E, Mavoa S, Hasanzadeh K, Zhao J, Rinne TE, Donnellan N, Kyttä M. Objective measurement of children's physical activity geographies: A systematic search and scoping review. Health Place 2020; 67:102489. [PMID: 33302122 PMCID: PMC7883215 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to systematically identify, map out, and describe geographical information systems (GIS)-based approaches that have been employed to measure children's neighborhood geographies for physical activity behaviors. Forty studies were included, most were conducted in the USA. Heterogeneity in GIS methods and measures was found. The majority of studies estimated children's environments using Euclidean or network buffers ranging from 100 m to 5 km. No singular approach to measuring children's physical activity geographies was identified as optimal. Geographic diversity in studies as well as increased use of measures of actual neighborhood exposure are needed. Improved consistency and transparency in reporting research methods is urgently required. Varied GIS measures of children's physical activity geographies were identified. Evidence was heterogeneous and predominantly from the USA. Most research used Euclidean or network buffers ranging from 100 m to 5 km. Larger buffer sizes (i.e., ≥800 m) performed better than smaller buffer sizes. No optimal approach to measuring children's activity geographies was determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Smith
- School of Nursing, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Jianqiang Cui
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Erika Ikeda
- Centre for Diet & Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Suzanne Mavoa
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | | | - Jinfeng Zhao
- School of Nursing, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Tiina E Rinne
- Active Life Lab, South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences, Mikkeli, Finland.
| | - Niamh Donnellan
- School of Nursing, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Marketta Kyttä
- Department of Built Environment, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
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13
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Kim Y, Cubbin C. Neighborhood Poverty Histories and Physical Activity Among Children: Findings From the Geographic Research on Wellbeing (GROW) Study. Am J Health Promot 2020; 34:876-885. [PMID: 32390465 PMCID: PMC7839318 DOI: 10.1177/0890117120923948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Examine the association between neighborhood poverty histories and physical activity, and the moderation effect of family poverty and the mediation effect of built environments in such association. DESIGN A cross-sectional study of the Geographic Research on Wellbeing (2012-2013), a follow-up survey of statewide-representative Maternal and Infant Health Assessment (2003-2007). SETTING California. PARTICIPANTS A total of 2493 women with children. MEASURES Outcome measures are (1) daily leisure physical activity and (2) days of physical activity among children. An independent variable is poverty histories of census tract where the child resided. Mediators were mother-perceived social cohesion, mother-perceived neighborhood safety, distance to the closest park, and park acreage within 0.5 miles from the home. A moderator is family poverty. ANALYSIS Weighted regression analysis. RESULTS Family poverty was a significant moderator (P < .05); poor children in neighborhoods with long-term moderate poverty, long-term high poverty, or increasing poverty (vs long-term low poverty) had greater odds of daily physical activity (odds ratio [OR] = 1.46, 1.50, 1.66, respectively). Nonpoor children in neighborhoods with long-term moderate poverty or increasing poverty (vs long-term low poverty) were associated with decreased odds of daily physical activity (OR = 0.61 and 0.44, respectively). Mediation associations were insignificant (P > .05). CONCLUSION The combined effect of family financial strains and neighborhood economic resources might prevent poor children in neighborhoods with long-term low poverty and decreasing poverty from utilizing health-promoting resources in neighborhoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonwoo Kim
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Catherine Cubbin
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA
- Population Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA
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Peterman JE, Loy S, Carlos J, Arena R, Kaminsky LA. Increasing physical activity in the community setting. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 64:27-32. [PMID: 33130191 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) is beneficial for both mental and physical health, yet many individuals do not meet PA recommendations. There are a multitude of approaches to increase levels of PA and the role of the community is one area of growing interest. This review discusses the community environment as well as programs within the community and their influence on PA levels. Despite some research limitations, there are clear factors associated with community-based PA. Strategies that improve the built environment along with community-based programs have shown success, although differences between the characteristics of communities can mean strategies to promote PA are not universally effective. Additional research is needed on effective strategies that can be tailored to the characteristics of the community to increase PA. Further, public health interventions and policies should consider the role of the community when aiming to increase PA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Peterman
- Fisher Institute of Health and Well-Being, College of Health, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, United States; Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Steven Loy
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, United States; Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Joshua Carlos
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, United States; Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ross Arena
- Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Leonard A Kaminsky
- Fisher Institute of Health and Well-Being, College of Health, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, United States; Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, United States.
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15
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Dias AF, Gaya AR, Santos MP, Brand C, Pizarro AN, Fochesatto CF, Mendes TM, Mota J, Gaya ACA. Neighborhood environmental factors associated with leisure walking in adolescents. Rev Saude Publica 2020; 54:61. [PMID: 32491115 PMCID: PMC7263801 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2020054002222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To verify the associations of leisure walking with perceived and objective measures of neighborhood environmental factors stratified by gender and socioeconomic status (SES) in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS Cross-sectional study with a random sample of 1,130 high school students (47.3% girls; aged 14 to 20 years old) from Porto Alegre, Brazil. Leisure walking and SES were self-reported by the adolescents. Perceived environmental factors were assessed through Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale for Youth (NEWS-Y). Objective measures were evaluated using Geographic Information Systems, with road network calculated around the adolescent’s residential address, using 0.5km and 1.0km buffers. Data collection was carried out in 2017 and generalized linear regression models were used. RESULTS Leisure walking was positively associated with access to services (0.5 km buffers [Odds ratio (OR) = 2.22] 1.0 km buffers [OR = 2.17]) and lower distance to parks and squares (0.5 km [OR=2.80] 1.0 km [OR = 2.73]) in girls from low SES. Residential density (0.5 km [OR = 1.57] 1.0 km [OR = 1.54]) and walkability index (0.5 km [OR = 1.17] 1.0 km [OR = 1.20]) were associated with leisure walking in girls from middle SES. Boys from low SES showed an inverse association between crime safety and leisure walking (0.5 km [OR = 0.59] 1.0 km [OR = 0.63]). Neighborhood recreation facilities was positively associated with leisure walking in middle SES (0.5 km [OR = 1.55] 1.0 km [OR = 1.60]). Land use mix (0.5 km [OR = 1.81] 1.0 km [OR = 1.81]), neighborhood recreation facilities (0.5 km [OR = 2.32] 1.0 km [OR = 2.28]) and places for walking (0.5 km [OR=2.07] 1.0 km [OR=2.22]) were positively associated with leisure walking in high SES. CONCLUSION Environmental factors (objectively and subjectively measured) and leisure walking show association in boys and girls of different SES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arieli Fernandes Dias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Movimento Humano, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Anelise Reis Gaya
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Movimento Humano, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Maria Paula Santos
- Centro de Investigação em Atividade Física, Saúde e Lazer, Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Caroline Brand
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Movimento Humano, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Andreia Nogueira Pizarro
- Centro de Investigação em Atividade Física, Saúde e Lazer, Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Camila Felin Fochesatto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Movimento Humano, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Thiago Monteiro Mendes
- Centro de Estudos em Geografia e Ordenamento do Território, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Mota
- Centro de Investigação em Atividade Física, Saúde e Lazer, Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adroaldo Cezar Araujo Gaya
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Movimento Humano, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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16
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Living in High-SES Neighborhoods Is Protective against Obesity among Higher-Income Children but Not Low-Income Children: Results from the Healthy Communities Study. J Urban Health 2020; 97:175-190. [PMID: 32107723 PMCID: PMC7101452 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-020-00427-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have focused on the role of neighborhood socioeconomic status in childhood obesity and physical activity, but few studies have examined the effect of neighborhood socioeconomic changes over time and the interaction between family and neighborhood SES on childhood obesity and physical activity. This study measured neighborhood socioeconomic histories between 2000 and 2010 and examined the associations between neighborhood socioeconomic histories and childhood obesity, as well as physical activity. The moderating role of family poverty status was also examined. Using the Healthy Communities Study (2013-2015), we measured obesity indicators (objectively measured body mass index z-score and waist circumference) and a physical activity indicator (self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity) for a cohort of 4114 children. Multilevel linear regression models were used to examine the associations between neighborhood socioeconomic histories between 2000 and 2009-2013 and body-mass index z-score, waist circumference, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Results showed that higher-income children in consistently high socioeconomic neighborhoods had lower measured BMIz and WC and engaged in more moderate-to-vigorous physical activity than higher-income children in consistently low socioeconomic neighborhoods. Additionally, low-income children in consistently moderate socioeconomic neighborhoods reported a lower level of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity than low-income children in consistently low socioeconomic neighborhoods. The findings indicate that considering both family and neighborhood socioeconomic status may help elucidate the underlying differences in childhood obesity and physical activity levels by socioeconomic status.
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17
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Pocock T, Moore A, Molina-García J, Queralt A, Mandic S. School Neighbourhood Built Environment Assessment for Adolescents' Active Transport to School: Modification of an Environmental Audit Tool and Protocol (MAPS Global-SN). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17072194. [PMID: 32218286 PMCID: PMC7177319 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
School neighbourhood built environments (SN-BE) can influence adolescents' active transport to school habits. Typically, SN-BE assessment has involved micro-scale (i.e., environmental audits) or macro-scale (Geographic Information Systems (GIS)) assessment tools. However, existing environmental audits are time/resource-intensive and not specific to school neighbourhoods, while GIS databases are not generally purposed to include micro-scale data. This study evaluated the inter-rater reliability and feasibility of using a modified audit tool and protocol (Microscale Audit of Pedestrian Streetscapes Global-School Neighbourhood (MAPS Global-SN)) to assess the SN-BE of twelve secondary schools in Dunedin, New Zealand. Correlations between MAPS Global-SN and GIS measures of the SN-BE were also examined. Specifically, MAPS Global-SN audit and GIS spatial analysis (intersection density, residential density, land use mix, walkability) was conducted within a 0.5 km street-network buffer-zone around all twelve schools. Based on investigator and expert consultation, MAPS Global-SN included eight modifications to both auditing processes and items. Inter-rater reliability data was collected from two independent auditors across two schools. The feasibility of a condensed audit protocol (auditing one side of each street segment in the neighbourhood, compared to both sides) was also assessed. Results indicated the modified MAPS Global-SN tool had good to excellent inter-rater reliability and the condensed MAPS Global-SN audit protocol appeared to sufficiently represent the micro-scale SN-BE. Results also highlighted the complementary nature of micro- and macro-scale assessments. Further recommendations for SN-BE assessment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Pocock
- Active Living Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
- Correspondence:
| | - Antoni Moore
- School of Surveying, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
| | - Javier Molina-García
- Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, Avda. dels Tarongers, 4, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
- AFIPS research group, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Ana Queralt
- AFIPS research group, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
- Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, Jaume Roig, s/n, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sandra Mandic
- Active Living Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
- Centre for Sustainability, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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18
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Nordbø ECA, Nordh H, Raanaas RK, Aamodt G. Promoting activity participation and well-being among children and adolescents. JBI Evid Synth 2020; 18:370-458. [DOI: 10.11124/jbisrir-d-19-00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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19
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Urban-level environmental factors related to pediatric asthma. Porto Biomed J 2020; 5:e57. [PMID: 33299939 PMCID: PMC7722407 DOI: 10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
During the 20th century, urbanization has increasing and represented a major demographic and environmental change in developed countries. This ever-changing urban environment has an impact on disease patterns and prevalence, namely on noncommunicable diseases, such as asthma and allergy, and poses many challenges to understand the relationship between the changing urban environment and the children health. The complex interaction between human beings and urbanization is dependent not only on individual determinants such as sex, age, social or economic resources, and lifestyles and behaviors, but also on environment, including air pollution, indoors and outdoors, land use, biodiversity, and handiness of green areas. Therefore, the assessment and identification of the impact of urban environment on children's health have become a priority and many recent studies have been conducted with the goal of better understanding the impacts related to urbanization, characterizing indoor air exposure, identifying types of neighborhoods, or characteristics of neighborhoods that promote health benefits. Thus, this review focuses on the role of urban environmental factors on pediatric asthma.
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20
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Clennin MN, Lian M, Colabianchi N, Kaczynski A, Dowda M, Pate RR. Associations among Neighborhood Socioeconomic Deprivation, Physical Activity Facilities, and Physical Activity in Youth during the Transition from Childhood to Adolescence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16193703. [PMID: 31581456 PMCID: PMC6801494 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: This study aims to examine the longitudinal association of neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation (SED) with physical activity in youth during the transition from elementary to middle school, and to determine if access to physical activity facilities moderates this relationship. Methods: Data were obtained from the Transitions and Activity Changes in Kids (TRACK) study, which was a multilevel, longitudinal study designed to identify the factors that influence changes in physical activity as youth transition from elementary to middle school. The analytic sample for the current study included 660 youth with complete data in grades 5 (baseline) and 7 (follow-up). A repeated measures multilevel framework was employed to examine the relationship between SED and physical activity over time and the potential moderating role of elements of the built environment. Results: Decreases in physical activity varied by the degree of neighborhood SED with youth residing in the most deprived neighborhoods experiencing the greatest declines in physical activity. Access to supportive physical activity facilities did not moderate this relationship. Conclusion: Future research studies are needed to better understand how neighborhood SED influences youth physical activity over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan N Clennin
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
- Kaiser Permanente of Colorado, Institute of Health Research, Aurora, CO 80014, USA.
| | - Min Lian
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Natalie Colabianchi
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Andrew Kaczynski
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
| | - Marsha Dowda
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
| | - Russell R Pate
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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21
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Physical Activity and Active Commuting in Relation to Objectively Measured Built-Environment Attributes Among Adolescents. J Phys Act Health 2019; 16:371-374. [DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2018-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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22
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Hawes AM, Smith GS, McGinty E, Bell C, Bower K, LaVeist TA, Gaskin DJ, Thorpe RJ. Disentangling Race, Poverty, and Place in Disparities in Physical Activity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E1193. [PMID: 30987098 PMCID: PMC6480690 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16071193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Significant racial disparities in physical activity-a key protective health factor against obesity and cardiovascular disease-exist in the United States. Using data from the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the 2000 United States (US) Census, we estimated the impact of race, individual-level poverty, neighborhood-level poverty, and neighborhood racial composition on the odds of being physically active for 19,678 adults. Compared to whites, blacks had lower odds of being physically active. Individual poverty and neighborhood poverty were associated with decreased odds of being physically active among both whites and blacks. These findings underscore the importance of social context in understanding racial disparities in physical activity and suggest the need for future research to determine specific elements of the social context that drive disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armani M Hawes
- Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Genee S Smith
- Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Emma McGinty
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Caryn Bell
- Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Kelly Bower
- Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Thomas A LaVeist
- Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Darrell J Gaskin
- Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Roland J Thorpe
- Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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23
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Kim Y, Cubbin C, Oh S. A systematic review of neighbourhood economic context on child obesity and obesity-related behaviours. Obes Rev 2019; 20:420-431. [PMID: 30515953 PMCID: PMC10905974 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is of great importance given a third of children in the USA are overweight or obese. Previous research has examined neighbourhood economic context in relation to children's obesity and obesity-rated behaviours. However, different definitions and measures of neighbourhood context make it difficult to compare findings and make definitive conclusions. This review is to synthesize studies assessing the associations between neighbourhood economic context and children's obesity or obesity-related behaviours. The review included 39 studies investigating the relationship between residential neighbourhood economic context and children's obesity, dietary habits or physical activity after controlling for family-level economic status. Studies reported mixed results in the relationship between neighbourhood economic indicators and child obesity outcomes. Of reviewed studies, 60% showed an inverse association between higher neighbourhood economic status and obesity, and 33% and 14% showed positive associations between higher neighbourhood economic status and healthy dietary habits or physical activity. Several studies suggested gender, age, race/ethnicity, individual-level economic status, rurality and social connectedness as moderators in the neighbourhood-obesity association. Findings suggest that, in order to move towards causal inferences and inform interventions, future research should examine neighbourhood impacts longitudinally and test theory-driven mediators and moderators to clarify the mechanisms by which neighbourhoods influence child obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kim
- School of Kinesiology and Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - C Cubbin
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Population Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - S Oh
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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24
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Bringolf-Isler B, Schindler C, de Hoogh K, Kayser B, Suggs LS, Dössegger A, Probst-Hensch N. Association of objectively measured and perceived environment with accelerometer-based physical activity and cycling: a Swiss population-based cross-sectional study of children. Int J Public Health 2019; 64:499-510. [PMID: 30701279 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-019-01206-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We tested whether objectively assessed neighbourhood characteristics are associated with moderate-to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and cycling in Swiss children and adolescents and assessed the mediating role of the perception of the environment. METHODS The cross-sectional analyses were based on data of 1306 participants aged 6-16 years of the population-based SOPHYA study. MVPA was measured by accelerometry, time spent cycling and the perceived environment by questionnaire. Objective environmental parameters at the residential address were GIS derived. In all analyses, personal, social and environmental factors were considered. RESULTS MVPA showed significant positive associations with perceived personal safety and perceived access to green spaces but not with respective objective parameters. Objectively assessed main street density and shorter distance to the next public transport were associated with less cycling in adolescents. Parents' perceptions did not mediate the observed associations of the objectively assessed environment with MVPA and cycling. CONCLUSIONS Associations between the environment and physical activity differ by domain. In spatial planning efforts to improve objective environments should be complemented with efforts to increase parental sense of security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Bringolf-Isler
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051, Basel, Switzerland.
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Christian Schindler
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bengt Kayser
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L Suzanne Suggs
- Institute of Public Communication, University della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Alain Dössegger
- Swiss Federal Institute of Sport SFISM, Magglingen, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Probst-Hensch
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Pate RR, Frongillo EA, McIver KL, Colabianchi N, Wilson DK, Collie-Akers VL, Schultz JA, Reis J, Madsen K, Woodward-Lopez G, Berrigan D, Landgraf A, Nagaraja J, Strauss W. Associations between community programmes and policies and children's physical activity: the Healthy Communities Study. Pediatr Obes 2018; 13 Suppl 1:72-81. [PMID: 29900697 PMCID: PMC6197914 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community initiatives to promote physical activity in children are common, but evidence supporting their effectiveness is limited. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to examine the relationships between community programmes and policies and children's physical activity in a large and diverse sample of US communities. METHODS Programmes and policies to promote children's physical activity were assessed in 130 communities by key informant interviews, and physical activity behaviours were measured by self-report and parental report in samples of children in each community (total n = 5138). Associations between composite indices of community programmes and policies and indicators of total and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were examined without and with adjustment for demographic factors. RESULTS An index reflecting the 6-year history of the number of behaviour change strategies used in community programmes and policies was positively associated with children's moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. This association was attenuated with adjustment for demographic factors. Effect modification analyses found that the association was positive among non-Hispanic children but was negative for Hispanic children. CONCLUSIONS Community initiatives to promote physical activity in children were positively associated with children's physical activity in non-Hispanic children. Such initiatives were negatively associated with physical activity in Hispanic children, suggesting that future research should consider unique cultural factors when designing community initiatives to promote activity in this population sub-group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell R. Pate
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Edward A. Frongillo
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Kerry L. McIver
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | | | - Dawn K. Wilson
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Vicki L. Collie-Akers
- Work Group for Health and Community Development, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Jerry A. Schultz
- Work Group for Health and Community Development, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Jared Reis
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kristine Madsen
- Division of Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Gail Woodward-Lopez
- Nutrition Policy Institute, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - David Berrigan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Environment perception and leisure-time physical activity in Portuguese high school students. Prev Med Rep 2018; 10:221-226. [PMID: 29632802 PMCID: PMC5889708 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the association between perceived environmental factors and leisure-time physical activity (PA) among adolescents of both genders. Data were collected in autumn of 2011 from 866 adolescents (412 girls and 454 boys) 12- to 18-years-old, from four Portuguese cities. Perception of environmental factors was assessed by Assessing Levels of Physical Activity and Fitness (ALPHA) questionnaire (Spittaels et al., 2010, IJBNPA). PA was assessed by a questionnaire that evaluated PA during leisure-time and participants were assigned into the following categories: sedentary; low active; moderate active; and very active. Boys presented higher levels of structured PA, frequency and intensity of PA, and level of sport competition than girls (p < 0.001). Distance to local facilities (p = 0.001 for girls; p < 0.001 for boys) and home environment (p = 0.004 for girls; p = 0.015 for boys) were negatively associated with PA. Total, cycling and walking infrastructures (p < 0.001), as well as cycling and walking network (p = 0.049) and connectivity (p = 0.034) showed a positive association with PA in boys. Analysis of variance showed significant differences between girls' PA regarding aesthetics (p = 0.013), study environment (p = 0.023), home environment (p = 0.014) and whether it is pleasant or not (p = 0.023). Differences between boys' PA were observed for distance to local facilities (p = 0.003), total, cycling and walking infrastructures (p < 0.001) and home environment (p = 0.002). This study results support that some environmental factors are associated with adolescents' PA levels, with relevant differences between genders. Therefore, these gender differences must be taken into account, in order to increase levels of PA in Portuguese youth, especially in girls. Portuguese adolescents' physical activity levels remain extremely low. Adolescent boys present higher levels of physical activity than girls. Several environmental factors are associated with adolescents' physical activity. Perceptions about the environment are different between genders. Boys and girls' physical activity is related with different environmental factors.
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Krist L, Bürger C, Ströbele-Benschop N, Roll S, Lotz F, Rieckmann N, Müller-Nordhorn J, Willich SN, Müller-Riemenschneider F. Association of individual and neighbourhood socioeconomic status with physical activity and screen time in seventh-grade boys and girls in Berlin, Germany: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e017974. [PMID: 29288179 PMCID: PMC5770905 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Few studies have explored the impact of neighbourhood socioeconomic status (SES) on health behaviours in youths in Germany. Our aim was to investigate the association of individual and neighbourhood SES with physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST) in students aged 12-13 years in Berlin. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Secondary schools (high schools and integrated secondary schools) in Berlin, Germany. PARTICIPANTS A total of 2586 students aged 12-13 years (seventh grade). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Sociodemographics, anthropometric data and health behaviours were assessed by self-report during classes. Primary outcome was the association of individual and neighbourhood SES with meeting daily PA and exceeding daily ST recommendations. Students' characteristics were described with means or percentages. Comparisons were performed using generalised linear mixed model yielding ORs with 95% CIs. RESULTS Mean (±SD) age was 12.5±0.5 years, 50.5% were girls and 34.1% had a migrant background. When adjusting for individual covariates, associations of low versus high individual SES were 0.85 (0.48; 1.52) for PA and 2.08 (1.26; 3.43) for ST. Associations of low versus high neighbourhood SES were 1.76 (1.12; 2.75) for PA and 1.54 (1.10; 2.17) for ST. After additional adjustment for school type and school neighbourhood SES, associations comparing low versus high individual and neighbourhood SES were attenuated for PA (individual SES 0.74 (0.41; 1.33) and neighbourhood SES 1.51 (0.93; 2.46)) and ST (individual SES 1.88 (1.12; 3.14) and neighbourhood SES 1.40(0.98; 2.00). CONCLUSIONS Lower individual and neighbourhood SES were associated with higher ST. Lower neighbourhood but not individual SES was associated with higher PA. After consideration of school type and school neighbourhood SES associations were attenuated and became insignificant for the relationship between neighbourhood SES, PA and ST. Further research is warranted to unravel the complex relationships between individual SES, neighbourhood SES and school environment to develop more targeted health promotion strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Krist
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christin Bürger
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Stephanie Roll
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Lotz
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Rieckmann
- Institute of Public Health, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Stefan N Willich
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Falk Müller-Riemenschneider
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Molina-García J, Queralt A, Adams MA, Conway TL, Sallis JF. Neighborhood built environment and socio-economic status in relation to multiple health outcomes in adolescents. Prev Med 2017; 105:88-94. [PMID: 28863871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The study aim was to examine associations of neighborhood built environment and neighborhood socio-economic status (SES) with multiple physical activity (PA) behaviors, sedentary time, and obesity indicators among adolescents. Cross-sectional study of 325 adolescents aged 14-18years recruited from schools in Valencia, Spain. Participants' home neighborhoods were classified according to walkability and SES levels. Walkability was defined as an index of three built environment characteristics (i.e., residential density, land use mix, and street connectivity) based on geographic information system data. Moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA) and sedentary time were assessed using accelerometers. Active commuting to school, leisure-time PA, and time in specific sedentary activities were evaluated by questionnaire. Objectively measured weight and height were used to calculate body mass index, and percent body fat was analyzed by bioelectrical impedance. Data were collected in 2013-15. Mixed model regression analyses were performed. Analyses showed an SES-by-walkability interaction for MVPA on weekends. MVPA was highest in high-SES/high-walkable neighborhoods. Another SES-by-walkability interaction was found for sedentary minutes per weekend day. The lowest average sedentary minutes were found in high-SES/high-walkable areas. Neighborhood SES was positively related to participation in sports teams/PA classes and, negatively to time spent in sedentary behaviors. Adolescents living in lower-SES neighborhoods spent more time watching TV and had more obesity and body fat. Present findings strengthen the rationale for targeting neighborhood built and SES environments as health promotion interventions for adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Molina-García
- Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, Avda. dels Tarongers, 4, 46022, Valencia, Spain; AFIPS Research Group, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Ana Queralt
- AFIPS Research Group, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, Jaume Roig, s/n, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Marc A Adams
- Exercise Science and Health Promotion, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, 500 N Third St, Mail Code 3020, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
| | - Terry L Conway
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
| | - James F Sallis
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
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Neighborhood Characteristics: Influences on Pain and Physical Function in Youth at Risk for Chronic Pain. CHILDREN-BASEL 2016; 3:children3040035. [PMID: 27869773 PMCID: PMC5184810 DOI: 10.3390/children3040035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neighborhood features such as community socioeconomic status, recreational facilities, and parks have been correlated to the health outcomes of the residents living within those neighborhoods, especially with regard to health-related quality of life, body mass index, and physical activity. The interplay between one’s built environment and one’s perceptions may affect physical health, well-being, and pain experiences. In the current study, neighborhood characteristics and attitudes about physical activity were examined in a high-risk (youths with a parent with chronic pain) and low-risk (youths without a parent with chronic pain) adolescent sample. There were significant differences in neighborhood characteristics between the high-risk (n = 62) and low-risk (n = 77) samples (ages 11–15), with low-risk participants living in residences with more walkability, closer proximity to parks, and higher proportion of neighborhood residents having college degrees. Results indicate that neighborhood features (e.g., walkability and proximity to parks), as well as positive attitudes about physical activity were correlated with lower levels of pain and pain-related disability, and higher performance in physical functioning tests. These findings suggest that the built environment may contribute to pain outcomes in youth, above and beyond the influence of family history of pain.
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Compernolle S, Oppert JM, Mackenbach JD, Lakerveld J, Charreire H, Glonti K, Bardos H, Rutter H, De Cocker K, Cardon G, De Bourdeaudhuij I. Mediating role of energy-balance related behaviors in the association of neighborhood socio-economic status and residential area density with BMI: The SPOTLIGHT study. Prev Med 2016; 86:84-91. [PMID: 26794046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the mediating effects of energy-balance related behaviors on the association of neighborhood socio-economic status (SES) and neighborhood residential area density (RAD) with body mass index (BMI). METHODS In total, 6037 adults from four neighborhood types (high SES/high RAD, high SES/low RAD, low SES/high RAD, and low SES/low RAD) in five Mid-European urban regions completed an online survey asking about their energy-balance related behaviors (physical activity [PA], sedentary behavior, and dietary behavior), determinants of these behaviors and their body weight and height. MacKinnon's product-of-coefficients test was used to assess mediating effects. RESULTS Transport-related PA, leisure-time PA and vegetable intake seemed to mediate the association between neighborhood type and BMI. Residents from low SES/low RAD neighborhoods reported less transport-related PA, less leisure-time PA and less vegetable intake than high SES/high RAD residents, and these behaviors (i.e. transport-related PA, leisure-time PA and vegetable intake) were related to having a higher BMI. CONCLUSION The association between neighborhood type and BMI can be explained, at least in part, by energy-balance related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Compernolle
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jean-Michel Oppert
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité - EREN (Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie, Nutritionnelle), U1153 INSERM, INRA, CNAM, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et, Biostatistiques, CRNH IdF, Bobigny, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut cardiométabolisme et nutrition, service de nutrition, hôpital Piitie-Salpêtrière (AP-HP), France
| | - Joreintje D Mackenbach
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Lakerveld
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Helene Charreire
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité - EREN (Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie, Nutritionnelle), U1153 INSERM, INRA, CNAM, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et, Biostatistiques, CRNH IdF, Bobigny, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut cardiométabolisme et nutrition, service de nutrition, hôpital Piitie-Salpêtrière (AP-HP), France; Paris Est University, Lab-Urba Urban Institute of Paris, UPEC, Créteil, France
| | - Ketevan Glonti
- ECOHOST - The Centre for Health and Social Change, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Helga Bardos
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Harry Rutter
- ECOHOST - The Centre for Health and Social Change, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Katrien De Cocker
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Greet Cardon
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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Rubín L, Mitáš J, Dygrýn J, Šmída J, Gábor L, Pátek A. Active commuting of the inhabitants of Liberec city in low and high walkability areas. ACTA GYMNICA 2015. [DOI: 10.5507/ag.2015.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the associations of neighbourhood walkability (based on Geographic Information System (GIS)-derived measures of street connectivity, land use mix, and population density and the Walk Score) with self-reported utilitarian walking and accelerometer-assessed daily steps in Canadian adults. DESIGN A cross-sectional analysis of data collected as part of the Canadian Health Measures Survey (2007-2009). SETTING Home neighbourhoods (500 m polygonal street network buffers around the centroid of the participant's postal code) located in Atlantic Canada, Québec, Ontario, the Prairies and British Columbia. PARTICIPANTS 5605 individuals participated in the survey. 3727 adults (≥18 years) completed a computer-assisted interview and attended a mobile clinic assessment. Analyses were based on those who had complete exposure, outcome and covariate data (n=2949). MAIN EXPOSURE MEASURES GIS-derived walkability (based on land use mix, street connectivity and population density); Walk Score. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Self-reported utilitarian walking; accelerometer-assessed daily steps. RESULTS No important relationship was observed between neighbourhood walkability and daily steps. Participants who reported more utilitarian walking, however, accumulated more steps (<1 h/week: 6613 steps/day, 95% CI 6251 to 6975; 1 to 5 h/week: 6768 steps/day, 95% CI 6420 to 7117; ≥6 h/week: 7391 steps/day, 95% CI 6972 to 7811). There was a positive graded association between walkability and odds of walking ≥1 h/week for utilitarian purposes (eg, Q4 vs Q1 of GIS-derived walkability: OR=1.66, 95% CI 1.31 to 2.11; Q3 vs Q1: OR=1.41, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.76; Q2 vs Q1: OR=1.13, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.39) independent of age, sex, body mass index, married/common law status, annual household income, having children in the household, immigrant status, mood disorder, perceived health, ever smoker and season. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to expectations, living in more walkable Canadian neighbourhoods was not associated with more total walking. Utilitarian walking and daily steps were, however, correlated and walkability demonstrated a positive graded relationship with utilitarian walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Hajna
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nancy A Ross
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Lawrence Joseph
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sam Harper
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Kaberi Dasgupta
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Mekonnen ZA, Lerebo WT, Gebrehiwot TG, Abadura SA. Multilevel analysis of individual and community level factors associated with institutional delivery in Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:376. [PMID: 26306558 PMCID: PMC4549860 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1343-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving maternal health is one of the eight millennium development goals to reduce maternal mortality (MM) by three quarters between 1990 and 2015. Institutional delivery is considered to be the most critical intervention in reducing MM and ensuring safe motherhood. However, the level of maternal morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia are among the highest in the world and the proportion of births occurring at health facilities is very low. This study examined the individual and community level factors associated with institutional delivery in Ethiopia. METHODS Data from the 2011 Ethiopian demographic and health survey were used to identify individual and community level factors associated with institutional delivery among women who had a live birth during the 5 years preceding the survey. Taking into account the nested structure of the data, multilevel logistic regression analysis has been employed to a nationally representative sample of 7757 women nested with in 595 communities. RESULTS At the individual level; higher educational level of the women (AOR = 3.60; 95% CI 2.491-5.214), women from richest households (AOR = 1.74; 95% CI 1.143-2.648) and increased ante natal care attendance (AOR = 4.43; 95% CI 3.405-5.751) were associated with institutional delivery. Additionally, at the community level; urban residence (AOR = 4.74; 95% CI 3.196-7.039), residing in communities with high proportion of educated women (AOR = 1.71; 95% CI 1.256-2.319) and residing in communities with high ANC utilization rate (AOR = 1.55; 95% CI 1.132-2.127) had a significant effect on institutional delivery. Also region and distance to health facility showed significant association with institutional delivery. The random effects showed that the variation in institutional delivery service utilization between communities was statistically significant. CONCLUSION Both individual and community level factors are associated with institutional delivery service uptake. As a result, further research is needed to better understand why these factors may affect institutional delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeleke A Mekonnen
- Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Directorate, Federal Ministry of Health, P.O. Box. 1234, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Wondwossen T Lerebo
- Department of Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
- Tulane International, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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Ghekiere A, Van Cauwenberg J, Mertens L, Clarys P, de Geus B, Cardon G, Nasar J, Salmon J, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Deforche B. Assessing cycling-friendly environments for children: are micro-environmental factors equally important across different street settings? Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2015; 12:54. [PMID: 25929481 PMCID: PMC4436842 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-015-0216-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As physical activity levels decrease as children age, sustainable and accessible forms of physical activity are needed from a young age. Transportation cycling is one such physical activity and has been associated with many benefits. The aims of the study were to identify whether manipulating micro-environmental factors (e.g. speed limits, evenness of cycle path) within a photographed street influences the perceived supportiveness for transportation cycling; and whether changing these micro-environmental factors has the same effect across different street settings. Methods We recruited 305 fifth and sixth grade children and their parents from twelve randomly selected primary schools in Flanders, Belgium. They completed a web-based questionnaire including 12 choice-based conjoint tasks, in which they had to choose between two possible routes depicted on manipulated photographs, which the child would cycle along. The routes differed in four attributes: general street setting (enclosed, half open, open), evenness of cycle path (very uneven, moderately uneven, even), speed limit (70 km/h, 50 km/h, 30 km/h) and degree of separation between a cycle path and motorised traffic (no separation, curb, hedge). Hierarchical Bayes analyses revealed the relative importance of each micro-environmental attribute across the three street settings. Results For each attribute, children and their parents chose routes that had the best alternative (i.e. open street setting, even cycle path, 30 km/h, a hedge separating the cycle path from motorised traffic). The evenness of the cycle path and lower speed limit had the largest effect for the children, while the degree of separation and lower speed limit had the largest effect for their parents. Interactions between micro-scale and macro-scale factors revealed differences in the magnitude but not direction of their effects on route choice. The results held across the different kinds of street settings tested. Conclusions Improving micro-scale attributes may increase the supportiveness of a street for children’s transportation cycling. We call for on-site research to test effects of changes in micro-environmental attributes on transportation cycling among children. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12966-015-0216-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Ghekiere
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 4K3, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium. .,Department of Human Biometry and Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium. .,Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO), Egmontstraat 5, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jelle Van Cauwenberg
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 4K3, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium. .,Department of Human Biometry and Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium. .,Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO), Egmontstraat 5, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Lieze Mertens
- Department of Human Biometry and Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium. .,Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO), Egmontstraat 5, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium. .,Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Peter Clarys
- Department of Human Biometry and Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Bas de Geus
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Greet Cardon
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Jack Nasar
- Ohio State University, City and Regional Planning, 292 Knowlton Hall, West 18 Woodruff Avenue 275, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Jo Salmon
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Benedicte Deforche
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 4K3, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium. .,Department of Human Biometry and Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.
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Interactive and independent associations between the socioeconomic and objective built environment on the neighbourhood level and individual health: a systematic review of multilevel studies. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123456. [PMID: 25849569 PMCID: PMC4388459 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The research question how contextual factors of neighbourhood environments influence individual health has gained increasing attention in public health research. Both socioeconomic neighbourhood characteristics and factors of the built environment play an important role for health and health-related behaviours. However, their reciprocal relationships have not been systematically reviewed so far. This systematic review aims to identify studies applying a multilevel modelling approach which consider both neighbourhood socioeconomic position (SEP) and factors of the objective built environment simultaneously in order to disentangle their independent and interactive effects on individual health. METHODS The three databases PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were systematically searched with terms for title and abstract screening. Grey literature was not included. Observational studies from USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and Western European countries were considered which analysed simultaneously factors of neighbourhood SEP and the objective built environment with a multilevel modelling approach. Adjustment for individual SEP was a further inclusion criterion. RESULTS Thirty-three studies were included in qualitative synthesis. Twenty-two studies showed an independent association between characteristics of neighbourhood SEP or the built environment and individual health outcomes or health-related behaviours. Twenty-one studies found cross-level or within-level interactions either between neighbourhood SEP and the built environment, or between neighbourhood SEP or the built environment and individual characteristics, such as sex, individual SEP or ethnicity. Due to the large variation of study design and heterogeneous reporting of results the identification of consistent findings was problematic and made quantitative analysis not possible. CONCLUSIONS There is a need for studies considering multiple neighbourhood dimensions and applying multilevel modelling in order to clarify their causal relationship towards individual health. Especially, more studies using comparable characteristics of neighbourhood SEP and the objective built environment and analysing interactive effects are necessary to disentangle health impacts and identify vulnerable neighbourhoods and population groups.
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Understanding neighborhood environment related to Hong Kong children's physical activity: a qualitative study using nominal group technique. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106578. [PMID: 25187960 PMCID: PMC4154758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relationships between the neighborhood environment and children's physical activity have been well documented in Western countries but are less investigated in ultra-dense Asian cities. The aim of this study was to identify the environmental facilitators and barriers of physical activity behaviors among Hong Kong Chinese children using nominal group technique. METHODS Five nominal groups were conducted among 34 children aged 10-11 years from four types of neighborhoods varying in socio-economic status and walkability in Hong Kong. Environmental factors were generated by children in response to the question "What neighborhood environments do you think would increase or decrease your willingness to do physical activity?" Factors were prioritized in order of their importance to children's physical activity. RESULTS Sixteen unique environmental factors, which were perceived as the most important to children's physical activity, were identified. Factors perceived as physical activity-facilitators included "Sufficient lighting", "Bridge or tunnel", "Few cars on roads", "Convenient transportation", "Subway station", "Recreation grounds", "Shopping malls with air conditioning", "Fresh air", "Interesting animals", and "Perfume shop". Factors perceived as physical activity-barriers included "People who make me feel unsafe", "Crimes nearby", "Afraid of being taken or hurt at night", "Hard to find toilet in shopping mall", "Too much noise", and "Too many people in recreation grounds". CONCLUSIONS Specific physical activity-related environmental facilitators and barriers, which are unique in an ultra-dense city, were identified by Hong Kong children. These initial findings can inform future examinations of the physical activity-environment relationship among children in Hong Kong and similar Asian cities.
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D'Haese S, Van Dyck D, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Deforche B, Cardon G. The association between objective walkability, neighborhood socio-economic status, and physical activity in Belgian children. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2014; 11:104. [PMID: 25148724 PMCID: PMC4243938 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-014-0104-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Objective walkability is an important correlate of adults’ physical activity. Studies investigating the relation between walkability and children’s physical activity are scarce. However, in order to develop effective environmental interventions, a profound investigation of this relation is needed in all age groups. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between objective walkability and different domains of children’s physical activity, and to investigate the moderating effect of neighborhood socio-economic status in this relation. Methods Data were collected between December 2011 and May 2013 as part of the Belgian Environmental Physical Activity Study in children. Children (9–12 years old; n = 606) were recruited from 18 elementary schools in Ghent (Belgium). Children together with one of their parents completed the Flemish Physical Activity Questionnaire and wore an accelerometer for 7 consecutive days. Children’s neighborhood walkability was calculated using geographical information systems. Multilevel cross-classified modeling was used to determine the relationship between children’s PA and objectively measured walkability and the moderating effect of neighborhood SES in this relation. Results In low SES neighborhoods walkability was positively related to walking for transportation during leisure time (β = 0.381 ± 0.124; 95% CI = 0.138, 0.624) and was negatively related to sports during leisure time (β = −0.245 ± 0.121; 95% CI = −0.482, −0.008). In high socio-economic status neighborhoods, walkability was unrelated to children’s physical activity. No relations of neighborhood walkability and neighborhood socio-economic status with cycling during leisure time, active commuting to school and objectively measured moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity were found. Conclusions No univocal relation between neighborhood walkability and physical activity was found in 9–12 year old children. Results from international adult studies cannot be generalized to children. There is a need in future research to determine the key environmental correlates of children’s physical activity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12966-014-0104-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara D'Haese
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
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Eyre ELJ, Duncan MJ, Birch SL, Cox V, Blackett M. Physical activity patterns of ethnic children from low socio-economic environments within the UK. J Sports Sci 2014; 33:232-42. [PMID: 24998418 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2014.934706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Many children fail to meet physical activity (PA) guidelines for health benefits. PA behaviours are complex and depend on numerous interrelated factors. The study aims to develop current understanding of how children from low Socio-economic environments within the UK use their surrounding built environments for PA by using advanced technology. The environment was assessed in 96 school children (7-9 years) using global positioning system (GPS) monitoring (Garmin Forerunner, 305). In a subsample of 46 children, the environment and PA were assessed using an integrated GPS and heart rate monitor. The percentage of time spent indoor, outdoor, in green and non-green environments along with time spent in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) in indoor and outdoor environments were assessed. A 2-by-2 repeated measures analysis of covariance, controlling for body mass index, BF%, assessed the environmental differences. The findings show that 42% of children from deprived wards of Coventry fail to meet PA guidelines, of which 43% was accumulated during school. Children engaged in more MVPA outdoor than indoor environments (P < 0.01) and a greater amount of time was spent in non-green environments (P < 0.01). Increased time outdoors was negatively associated with BF%. In conclusion, outdoor environments are important for health-enhancing PA and reducing fatness in deprived and ethnic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Lisa Jane Eyre
- a Biomolecular and Sport Science , Coventry University , Priory Street, Coventry , CV1 5B , UK
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Oyeyemi AL, Ishaku CM, Deforche B, Oyeyemi AY, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Van Dyck D. Perception of built environmental factors and physical activity among adolescents in Nigeria. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2014; 11:56. [PMID: 24766710 PMCID: PMC4008423 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-11-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding environmental factors related to adolescents' physical activity can inform intervention for obesity control and prevention, but virtually no study has been conducted in the African region, where adolescents' physical inactivity and chronic diseases rates are rising. This study assessed associations between perceived built environmental variables and adolescents' physical activity (active transportation to school and leisure-time moderate-to- vigorous physical activity), and the moderating effects of neighborhood-level income on association between environmental variables and physical activity among Nigerian boys and girls. METHODS Participants were 1006 adolescents (12-19 years, 50.4% girls) randomly selected from 11 secondary schools in Maiduguri city, Nigeria. Physical activity and perceptions of environmental characteristics were assessed by validated self-report questionnaires. Separate gender-based, hierarchical multiple moderated linear regression analyses were used to examine the direct associations between the environmental perceptions and physical activity variables (active transportation and leisure-time MVPA; dependent variables), as well as the moderating effects of neighborhood-level income. RESULTS Only in boys were direct associations and interaction effect of neighborhood-level income found. Access to destinations was positively associated with active transportation to school (β = 0.18; CI = 0.67, 2.24); while residential density (β = 0.10; CI = 0.01, 1.74) and availability/quality of infrastructures (β = 0.14; CI = 0.49, 2.68) were positively associated with leisure-time MVPA. Also, neighborhood-level income moderated the association between perceived safety and leisure-time MVPA, with more perceived safety related to less MVPA (β = -0.16; CI = -0.01, -0.70) in boys living in high SES neighborhood but marginally related to more MVPA (β = 0.11; CI = -0.04, 2.88, p = 0.06) in boys living in low SES neighborhood. CONCLUSIONS Few environmental attributes were associated with adolescents' physical activity in Nigeria. Future studies are needed to determine the multidimensional correlates of physical activity that may be relevant for both adolescents' boys and girls in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adewale L Oyeyemi
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cornelius M Ishaku
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Benedicte Deforche
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biometry and Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Adetoyeje Y Oyeyemi
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Delfien Van Dyck
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Research Foundation Flanders, Brussels, Belgium
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Bringolf-Isler B, Kriemler S, Mäder U, Dössegger A, Hofmann H, Puder JJ, Braun-Fahrländer C. Relationship between the objectively-assessed neighborhood area and activity behavior in Swiss youth. Prev Med Rep 2014; 1:14-20. [PMID: 26844034 PMCID: PMC4721338 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neighborhood attributes are modifiable determinants of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB). We tested whether the objectively-assessed built and social environment was associated with PA and SB in Swiss youth and whether sex, age and the socioeconomic position (Swiss-SEP) modified such associations. Methods We combined data of 1742 youth (ages 4 to 17) from seven studies conducted within Switzerland between 2005–2010. All youth provided accelerometer data and a home address, which was linked to objective environmental data and the Swiss-SEP-index. Associations between neighborhood attributes and PA were analyzed by multivariable multilevel regression analyses. Results The extent of green areas and building density was positively associated with PA in the total sample (p < 0.05). Factors representing centrally located areas, and more schoolchildren living nearby tended to increase PA in secondary schoolchildren, boys and those from lower-ranked socioeconomic areas. In primary schoolchildren, the extent of green areas was positively associated with PA (p = 0.05). Associations between neighborhood attributes and PA were more pronounced in youth from low socioeconomic areas. Conclusions The results indicate that some associations between neighborhood attributes and PA differ by age, sex and socioeconomic area. This should be taken into account when planning interventions to increase childhood PA. Comprehensive assessment of objectively measured neighborhood attributes in Europe Effects of neighborhood attributes on PA differed by age-group, sex and socioeconomic neighborhood. Associations between neighborhood attributes and PA were more pronounced in youth from low socioeconomic areas. Strongest associations with green spaces and centrally located areas
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Key Words
- Accelerometer
- BMI, body mass index
- IPEN, International Physical Activity and Environment Network
- MVPA, moderate to vigorous physical activity
- Neighborhood
- PA, physical activity
- Physical activity
- SB, sedentary behavior
- SES, socioeconomic status
- Sedentary behavior
- Socioeconomic environment
- Swiss SEP, Swiss neighborhood index of socioeconomic position
- TPA, total physical activity
- Youth
- cpm, counts per minute
- ha, hectare
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Bringolf-Isler
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss TPH, Socinstrasse 57, P.O. Box, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Susi Kriemler
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss TPH, Socinstrasse 57, P.O. Box, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Urs Mäder
- Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen (SFISM), Hauptstrasse 247, 2532 Magglingen, Switzerland
| | - Alain Dössegger
- Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen (SFISM), Hauptstrasse 247, 2532 Magglingen, Switzerland
| | - Heidi Hofmann
- Center for Development and Environment, University of Bern, 1, Schanzenstrasse 1, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jardena J Puder
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Lausanne, ChUV, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Braun-Fahrländer
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss TPH, Socinstrasse 57, P.O. Box, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
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Vanhelst J, Béghin L, Salleron J, Ruiz JR, Ortega FB, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Molnar D, Manios Y, Widhalm K, Vicente-Rodriguez G, Mauro B, Moreno LA, Sjöström M, Castillo MJ, Gottrand F. A favorable built environment is associated with better physical fitness in European adolescents. Prev Med 2013; 57:844-9. [PMID: 24076010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association between the built environment and physical fitness and physical activity in adolescents. METHODS The study included 3528 adolescents, aged 12.5-17.5 years, who participated in the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study. The health-related physical fitness components were assessed using the physical fitness tests. Participants wore a uniaxial accelerometer (ActiGraph®) for 7 days to measure physical activity. A specific questionnaire addressing the built environment was used. Potential confounding factors including age, gender, body mass index, body composition, pubertal status, smoking, educational level of parents, and socioeconomic status were analyzed using backward stepwise linear regression analysis. RESULTS Heavy traffic in the neighborhood was the strongest factor negatively associated with both physical fitness and physical activity (both P<0.05). Conversely, a secure bicycling or walking route from home to school was positively associated with various components of physical fitness and physical activity (P<0.01). Outdoor fields and gymnasiums near home were also associated with better physical fitness (P<0.01), but not with physical activity. CONCLUSIONS A favorable built environment may contribute to health-related physical fitness and physical activity of adolescents and should be considered in future interventions and health promotion strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Vanhelst
- INSERM U995, University Lille Nord de France, Lille, France; CIC-PT-9301-INSERM-CH&U, University Hospital, Lille, France.
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Laxer RE, Janssen I. The proportion of youths' physical inactivity attributable to neighbourhood built environment features. Int J Health Geogr 2013; 12:31. [PMID: 23777593 PMCID: PMC3689048 DOI: 10.1186/1476-072x-12-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We investigated the independent association between several neighbourhood built environment features and physical inactivity within a national sample of Canadian youth, and estimated the proportion of inactivity within the population that was attributable to these built environment features. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of 6626 youth aged 11–15 years from 272 schools across Canada. Participants resided within 1 km of their school. Walkability, outdoor play areas (parks, wooded areas, yards at home, cul-de-sacs on roads), recreation facilities, and aesthetics were measured objectively within each school neighbourhood using geographic information systems. Physical inactivity (<5 days/week of 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity) was assessed by questionnaire. Multilevel logistic regression analyses, which controlled for several covariates, examined relationships between built environment features and physical inactivity. Results The final regression model indicated that, by comparison to youth living in the least walkable neighbourhoods, the risks for physical inactivity were 28-44% higher for youth living in neighbourhoods in the remaining three walkability quartiles. By comparison to youth living in neighbourhoods with the highest density of cul-de-sacs, risks for physical inactivity were 28-32% higher for youth living in neighbourhoods in the lowest two quartiles. By comparison to youth living in neighbourhoods with the least amount of park space, risks for physical inactivity were 28-37% higher for youth living in the neighbourhoods with a moderate to high (quartiles 2 and 3) park space. Population attributable risk estimates suggested that 23% of physical inactivity within the population was attributable to living in walkable neighbourhoods, 16% was attributable to living in neighbourhoods with a low density of cul-de-sacs, and 15% was attributable to living in neighbourhoods with a moderate to high amount of park space. Conclusions Of the neighbourhood built environment exposure variables measured in this study, the three that were the most highly associated with inactivity were walkability, the density of cul-de-sacs, and park space. The association between some of these features and youths’ activity levels were in the opposite direction to what has previously been reported in adults and younger children.
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Neighborhood walkability: field validation of geographic information system measures. Am J Prev Med 2013; 44:e51-5. [PMID: 23683990 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2013.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the health benefits of walking, there is interest in understanding how physical environments favor walking. Although GIS-derived measures of land-use mix, street connectivity, and residential density are commonly combined into indices to assess how conducive neighborhoods are to walking, field validation of these measures is limited. PURPOSE To assess the relationship between audit- and GIS-derived measures of overall neighborhood walkability and between objective (audit- and GIS-derived) and participant-reported measures of walkability. METHODS Walkability assessments were conducted in 2009. Street-level audits were conducted using a modified version of the Pedestrian Environmental Data Scan. GIS analyses were used to derive land-use mix, street connectivity, and residential density. Participant perceptions were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. Audit, GIS, and participant-reported indices of walkability were calculated. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to assess the relationships between measures. All analyses were conducted in 2012. RESULTS The correlation between audit- and GIS-derived measures of overall walkability was high (R=0.7 [95% CI=0.6, 0.8]); the correlations between objective (audit and GIS-derived) and participant-reported measures were low (R=0.2 [95% CI=0.06, 0.3]; R=0.2 [95% CI=0.04, 0.3], respectively). For comparable audit and participant-reported items, correlations were higher for items that appeared more objective (e.g., sidewalk presence, R=0.4 [95% CI=0.3, 0.5], versus safety, R=0.1 [95% CI=0.003, 0.3]). CONCLUSIONS The GIS-derived measure of walkability correlated well with the in-field audit, suggesting that it is reasonable to use GIS-derived measures in place of more labor-intensive audits. Interestingly, neither audit- nor GIS-derived measures correlated well with participants' perceptions of walkability.
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Van Dyck D, De Meester F, Cardon G, Deforche B, De Bourdeaudhuij I. Physical Environmental Attributes and Active Transportation in Belgium: What about Adults and Adolescents Living in the Same Neighborhoods? Am J Health Promot 2013; 27:330-8. [DOI: 10.4278/ajhp.120316-quan-146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. To examine if adults and adolescents living in the same high- and low-walkable neighborhoods have different environmental perceptions and if this is reflected in distinct associations between environmental perceptions and active transportation. Design. Cross-sectional study with observational design. Setting. In Ghent, 24 neighborhoods were selected, stratified on objectively assessed walkability, and matched on neighborhood income. This resulted in four walkability/income quadrants, each consisting of six neighborhoods. Subjects. Living in the 24 neighborhoods were 1166 adults (20–65 years, 52.1% women) and 477 adolescents (13–15 years, 49.7% girls). Measures. All participants completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the International (adults) or Flemish (adolescents) Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Neighborhood Environmental Walkability Scale. Analysis. Multilevel (two-level: participant-neighborhood) moderated regression models, using MLwiN 2.23. Results. Both adults and adolescents living in objectively high-walkable neighborhoods perceived their environment as more activity friendly than their low-walkable neighborhoods counterparts (11 out of 13 main effects walkability: p < .05). However, perceived residential density (p < .05), land use mix (p < .01), safety for cycling (p < .05), and perceived walkability (p < .001) were associated with active transportation only in adults. Conclusion. Different environmental intervention strategies are probably needed to increase active transportation in Belgian adults and adolescents living in the same neighborhoods. In adults, changing objective or perceived environmental characteristics might be effective, whereas in adolescents, the current environmental focus should be changed towards multidimensional research.
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De Meester F, Van Dyck D, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Deforche B, Cardon G. Does the perception of neighborhood built environmental attributes influence active transport in adolescents? Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2013; 10:38. [PMID: 23531272 PMCID: PMC3618145 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-10-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Among Belgian adolescents active transport (AT) is a common physical activity (PA) behavior. Preliminary evidence suggests that AT can be an important opportunity for increasing adolescents’ daily PA levels. To inform interventions, predictors of this PA behavior need to be further explored. Therefore, in the perspective of the ecological models this study aimed (a) to investigate the relationship between the perception of neighborhood built environmental attributes and adolescents’ AT and (b) to explore the contribution of the perception of neighborhood built environmental attributes beyond psychosocial factors. Methods For the purpose of this study, data from the Belgian Environmental Physical Activity Study in Youth (BEPAS-Y), performed between 2008 and 2009, was used. The final study population consisted of 637 adolescents aged 13–15 years. The participants completed a survey measuring demographic and psychosocial factors, the Flemish Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Dutch version of the Neighborhood Environmental Walkability Scale. Results A set of stepwise linear regression analyses with backward elimination revealed that a shorter distance to school, perceiving neighborhoods to have connected streets, a lower degree of land use mix diversity, less infrastructure for walking and a lower quality of the infrastructure for walking are associated with more min/day AT to and from school (p all <0.05). Furthermore, marginally significant associations (p < 0.10) were found between residential density and safety from crime and AT to and from school. No relationship between the perception of the neighborhood built environmental attributes and walking for transport during leisure time and cycling for transport during leisure time was found. Conclusions The substantial contribution of the perception of neighbourhood built environmental attributes to AT found in Belgian adults, could not totally be confirmed by this study for Belgian adolescents. Among Belgian adolescents, the contribution of neighborhood environmental perceptions to explain the variance in AT seems to be dependent of the purpose of AT. Further research is needed to explore this relationship in specific subgroups and to overcome some of the limitations this study had to contend with.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke De Meester
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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De Meester F, Van Dyck D, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Deforche B, Cardon G. Do psychosocial factors moderate the association between neighborhood walkability and adolescents' physical activity? Soc Sci Med 2013; 81:1-9. [PMID: 23422054 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ecological models emphasize the interaction between individuals and their environment. Furthermore, they posit that environmental variables influence physical activity (PA) not only directly but also indirectly through their interaction with other factors. This study explored if the association between neighborhood walkability and adolescents' PA is moderated by psychosocial factors using data from the Belgian Environmental PA Study in Youth (BEPAS-Y). BEPAS-Y recruited adolescents from 32 neighborhoods differing in objectively determined neighborhood walkability and income. Between 2008 and 2009, 637 adolescents (13-15 years; 49.4% boys) completed a survey measuring socio-demographic and psychosocial factors and wore an accelerometer for seven days. Multilevel-regression analyses revealed that for adolescents living in low-income neighborhoods, the association between neighborhood walkability and PA is moderated by perceived barriers and perceived benefits toward PA. Neighborhood walkability was positively associated with PA among adolescents, living in low-income neighborhoods, who perceived many barriers and few benefits, while for adolescents who perceived few barriers and many benefits, the PA level was high, irrespective of neighborhood walkability. For adolescents, living in high-income neighborhoods, none of the psychosocial attributes moderated the association between neighborhood walkability and PA. These findings provide some support for the predicted interactions posited by ecological models. Improving neighborhood walkability might increase PA-levels of adolescents living in low-income neighborhoods, with less positive psychosocial profiles, or in other words; those who are most difficult to reach through PA interventions. However, in order to increase PA in large populations, interventions focusing solely on improving neighborhood walkability may not have the desired effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke De Meester
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Al-Isa AN, Wijesekara N, Desapriya E. Multiple factors contribute to obesity among Kuwaiti college women. Health (London) 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2013.55125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Spittaels H, Van Cauwenberghe E, Verbestel V, De Meester F, Van Dyck D, Verloigne M, Haerens L, Deforche B, Cardon G, De Bourdeaudhuij I. Objectively measured sedentary time and physical activity time across the lifespan: a cross-sectional study in four age groups. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2012; 9:149. [PMID: 23249449 PMCID: PMC3542099 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-9-149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background From a health perspective it is suggested to promote a positive balance between time spent in light intensity physical activity (LIPA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) (i.e. spending more time in LIPA than time spent in SB). However, no studies have reported prevalence rates of the LIPA-SB balance yet. The aim of this study was to objectively investigate the time spent in SB, in LIPA and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) in four Belgian age groups and to explore which proportion of the population had a favorable balance between LIPA and SB and combined this with recommended amount of MVPA. Methods Accelerometer data from 7 cross-sectional studies (N=2083) in four age groups (preschoolers, primary schoolchildren, secondary schoolchildren and adults) were aggregated. Differences in SB and PA between age groups and between men and women were determined by two-way MANCOVA. LIPA-SB balance was calculated and participants were categorized into one of four groups: (1) positive LIPA-SB balance (LIPA> SB) & sufficient MVPA (2) negative LIPA-SB balance & sufficient MVPA (3) positive LIPA-SB balance & insufficient MVPA (4) negative LIPA-SB balance & insufficient MVPA. Results For the total sample, 55% of the waking time was spent in SB, 39% in LIPA and 6% in MVPA. Differences in SB between age groups was dependent from gender (p<0.001). Further, a positive LIPA-SB balance was assessed in 18% of the total sample and only 10% combined this positive balance with recommended amount of MVPA. Secondary schoolgirls were most at risk, with only 1% of the sample combining a positive LIPA-SB balance with sufficient MVPA. Another risk group was the large proportion (43%) of adult men who combined sufficient MVPA with a negative LIPA-SB balance. Conclusion A high proportion of the Belgian population is at risk if taking into account both SB and PA levels. Secondary schoolgirls have the unhealthiest SB and PA profile and are therefore an important target group for interventions both increasing MVPA and decreasing SB. In men more attention should be given in promoting a positive LIPA-SB balance independently from their compliance with the MVPA guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heleen Spittaels
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, Gent, 9000, Belgium
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Smart cities, healthy kids: the association between neighbourhood design and children's physical activity and time spent sedentary. Canadian Journal of Public Health 2012. [PMID: 23618084 DOI: 10.1007/bf03403831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether, and to what extent, a relation exists between neighbourhood design and children's physical activity and sedentary behaviours in Saskatoon. METHODS Three neighbourhood designs were assessed: 1) core neighbourhoods developed before 1930 that follow a grid pattern, 2) fractured-grid pattern neighbourhoods that were developed between the 1930s and mid-1960s, and 3) curvilinear-pattern neighbourhoods that were developed between the mid-1960s through to 1998. Children aged 10-14 years (N=455; mean age 11.7 years), grouped by the neighbourhoods they resided in, had their physical activity and sedentary behaviour objectively measured by accelerometry for 7 days. ANCOVA and MANCOVA (multivariate analysis of covariance) models were used to assess group differences (p<0.05). RESULTS Group differences were apparent on weekdays but not on weekend days. When age, sex and family income had been controlled for, children living in fractured-grid neighbourhoods had, on average, 83 and 55 fewer accelerometer counts per minute on weekdays than the children in the core and curvilinear-pattern neighbourhoods, respectively. Further analyses showed that the children in the fractured-grid neighbourhoods accumulated 15 and 9 fewer minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per day and had a greater time spent in sedentary behaviour (23 and 17 minutes) than those in core and curvilinear-pattern neighbourhoods, respectively. CONCLUSION These data suggest that in Saskatoon there is a relation between neighbourhood design and children's physical activity and sedentary behaviours. Further work is needed to tease out which features of the built environments have the greatest impact on these important lifestyle behaviours. This information, offered in the context of ongoing development of neighbourhoods, as we see in Saskatoon, is critical to an evidence-informed approach to urban development and planning.
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