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Naghshi S, Tutunchi H, Yousefi M, Naeini F, Mobarak S, Asadi M, Sadeghi O. Soy isoflavone intake and risk of cardiovascular disease in adults: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024; 64:6087-6101. [PMID: 36705465 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2163372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We examined the association between soy isoflavone intake and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes in adults. We searched the online databases for relevant studies published up to September 2021. In total, 13 publications were included in the systematic review and 12 in the meta-analysis. We found that a high intake of soy isoflavones was significantly associated with a lower risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) among whole populations (Pooled RR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.85-0.99, I2 = 41.0%, Pheterogeneity = 0.10) and a lower risk of overall CVD (Pooled RR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.84-0.98, I2 = 30.7%, Pheterogeneity = 0.19) and CHD (Pooled RR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.83-0.96, I2 = 14.4%, Pheterogeneity = 0.32) among Western population. In the linear dose-response analysis, a 3 mg/day increase in soy isoflavone intake was associated with 16% and 14% lower risks of overall CVD and CHD, respectively, among Western population. In conclusion, we found that soy isoflavone intake was associated with a lower risk of overall CVD and CHD in adults, particularly among Western population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Naghshi
- Nutrition Research Center, Student Research Committee, School of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Helda Tutunchi
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Yousefi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health and nutrition, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Naeini
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Mobarak
- Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Asadi
- Department of Operating Room Nursing, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - Omid Sadeghi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Abstract
Multiple tools exist to assess a patient's breast cancer risk. The choice of risk model depends on the patient's risk factors and how the calculation will impact care. High-risk patients-those with a lifetime breast cancer risk of ≥20%-are, for instance, eligible for supplemental screening with breast magnetic resonance imaging. Those with an elevated short-term breast cancer risk (frequently defined as a 5-year risk ≥1.66%) should be offered endocrine prophylaxis. High-risk patients should also receive guidance on modification of lifestyle factors that affect breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Cyr
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, Box 8056, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Kaitlyn Kennard
- Department of Surgery, Washington University, Box 8051, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Saint louis, MO 63110, USA
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3
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Natarelli N, Gahoonia N, Maloh J, Sivamani RK. Clinical Efficacy of Topical or Oral Soy Supplementation in Dermatology: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4171. [PMID: 37373864 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12124171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean, a legume native to Southeast Asia, serves many nutritional and medical purposes due to its rich source of phytochemicals and its antioxidant activity. Many animal and in vitro studies have demonstrated its potential impact on dermatologic health. The objective of this review is to investigate the clinical response of soy-based oral supplementation or topical application on dermatologic outcomes. A systematic review of studies assessing soy supplementation or application was performed in January 2023. Databases included PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Natural Medicines, and studies assessing any formulation that included soybean or associated products were included. Thirty studies met the inclusion criteria and are included in the review; 13 of these studies assessed oral supplementation and 17 assessed topical application. Topical and oral supplementation demonstrated efficacious results for a variety of dermatologic parameters, including chronological or photoaging parameters, skin barrier status, hydration, hyperpigmentation, dermal network composition, erythema, hair and nail parameters, acne lesion counts, and vulvar lichen sclerosis scores. Factors associated with aging, such as wrinkle area and depth, were most frequently assessed among the studies, and both topical and oral studies demonstrated efficacy. Effects are likely mediated by dermal compositional changes, such as increased collagen and/or elastic fiber numbers. Transepidermal water loss measurements, an indicator of skin barrier status, were frequently obtained among the studies, although improvement was more likely achieved with topical application compared to oral supplementation. The results of this review highlight the utility of soy-based products for a variety of dermatologic applications, although future studies are required to determine optimal formulations and application routes for intended outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Natarelli
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 560 Channelside Drive, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Nimrit Gahoonia
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University, 1310 Club Dr., Vallejo, CA 94592, USA
| | - Jessica Maloh
- Integrative Skin Science and Research, 4825 J St., Sacramento, CA 95819, USA
| | - Raja K Sivamani
- Integrative Skin Science and Research, 4825 J St., Sacramento, CA 95819, USA
- Pacific Skin Institute, 1451 River Park Drive, Suite 222, Sacramento, CA 95815, USA
- College of Medicine, California Northstate University, 9700 W Taron Dr., Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of California-Davis, 3301 C St. 1300, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA
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Alva-Gallegos R, Carazo A, Mladěnka P. Toxicity overview of endocrine disrupting chemicals interacting in vitro with the oestrogen receptor. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 99:104089. [PMID: 36841273 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The oestrogen receptor (ER) from the nuclear receptor family is involved in different physiological processes, which can be affected by multiple xenobiotics. Some of these compounds, such as bisphenols, pesticides, and phthalates, are widespread as consequence of human activities and are commonly present also in human organism. Xenobiotics able to interact with ER and trigger a hormone-like response, are known as endocrine disruptors. In this review, we aim to summarize the available knowledge on products derived from human industrial activity and other xenobiotics reported to interact with ER. ER-disrupting chemicals behave differently towards oestrogen-dependent cell lines than endogenous oestradiol. In low concentrations, they stimulate proliferation, whereas at higher concentrations, are toxic to cells. In addition, most of the knowledge on the topic is based on individual compound testing, and only a few studies assess xenobiotic combinations, which better resemble real circumstances. Confirmation from in vivo models is lacking also.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Alva-Gallegos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Alejandro Carazo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Baiseitova A, Ban YJ, Kim JY, Lee G, Shah AB, Kim JH, Lee YH, Park KH. Soybean phytochemicals responsible for bacterial neuraminidase inhibition and their characterization by UPLC-ESI-TOF/MS. Food Funct 2022; 13:6923-6933. [PMID: 35695875 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00537a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol extract of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) showed good inhibitory activity against bacterial neuraminidase (BNA), which plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of a number of microbial diseases. The saponin portion fractionated through preparative HPLC (IC50 = 2.25 μg mL-1) was found to be responsible for the observed BNA inhibition. Estimation of the inhibitory effects by individual compounds showed that the soyasaponins of group B (Ba, Bb, Bb', Bc, and Bd) exhibited extremely high inhibitions (IC50 = 0.25-0.48 μM), whereas group A (Aa, Ab, and Ac) was almost inactive. Kinetic studies determined that group B soyasaponins were noncompetitive inhibitors. Furthermore, molecular docking experiments confirmed that soyasaponin Ba (group B) could undergo binding interactions with various residues in the binding pocket. In contrast, soyasaponin Aa (group A) failed to enter the binding pocket due to its extra scaffold structure of oligosaccharides bonded to the 22-hydroxyl position. The metabolites in the soybean extract were fully characterized using UPLC-ESI-TOF/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizhamal Baiseitova
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeong Jun Ban
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Yoon Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gihwan Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
| | - Abdul Bari Shah
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Ho Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Hyun Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki Hun Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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Garbiec E, Cielecka-Piontek J, Kowalówka M, Hołubiec M, Zalewski P. Genistein-Opportunities Related to an Interesting Molecule of Natural Origin. Molecules 2022; 27:815. [PMID: 35164079 PMCID: PMC8840253 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, increasingly more attention is being paid to a holistic approach to health, in which diet contributes to disease prevention. There is growing interest in functional food that not only provides basic nutrition but has also been demonstrated to be an opportunity for the prevention of disorders. A promising functional food is soybean, which is the richest source of the isoflavone, genistein. Genistein may be useful in the prevention and treatment of such disorders as psoriasis, cataracts, cystic fibrosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes. However, achievable concentrations of genistein in humans are low, and the use of soybean as a functional food is not devoid of concerns, which are related to genistein's potential side effects resulting from its estrogenic and goitrogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Garbiec
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4 Święcickiego St., 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (E.G.); (P.Z.)
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4 Święcickiego St., 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (E.G.); (P.Z.)
| | - Magdalena Kowalówka
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 42 Marcelińska St., 60-354 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Hołubiec
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33 St., 60-572 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Przemysław Zalewski
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4 Święcickiego St., 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (E.G.); (P.Z.)
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Elisia I, Yeung M, Wong J, Kowalski S, Larsen M, Shyp T, Sorensen PH, krystal G. A low carbohydrate diet containing soy protein and fish oil reduces breast but not prostate cancer in C3(1)/Tag mice. Carcinogenesis 2021; 43:115-125. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
We recently showed that a low carbohydrate (CHO) diet containing soy protein and fish oil dramatically reduces lung nodules in a mouse model of lung cancer when compared to a Western diet. To explore the universality of this finding, we herein compared this low CHO diet to a Western diet on in preventing breast and prostate cancer using a mouse model that expresses the SV40 large T antigen specifically in breast epithelia in females and prostate epithelia in males. We found that breast cancer was significantly reduced with this low CHO diet and this correlated with a reduction in plasma levels of glucose, insulin, IL-6, TNFα and PGE2. This also corresponded with a reduction in the Ki67 proliferation index within breast tumors. On the other hand, this low CHO diet did not reduce the incidence of prostate cancer in the male mice. Although it reduced both blood glucose and insulin to the same extent as in the female mice, there was no reduction in plasma IL-6, TNFα or PGE2 levels, nor in the Ki67 proliferation index in prostate lesions. Based on immunohistochemistry studies with antibodies to PFKFB3, CPT1a and FAS, it is likely that this difference in response of the two cancer types to this low CHO diet reflects differences in the glucose dependence of breast and prostate cancer, with the former being highly dependent on glucose for energy and the latter being more dependent on fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Elisia
- The Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Michelle Yeung
- The Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Jennifer Wong
- The Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Sara Kowalski
- The Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | | | - Taras Shyp
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Gerald krystal
- The Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1L3, Canada
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Current Perspectives on the Beneficial Effects of Soybean Isoflavones and Their Metabolites for Humans. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071064. [PMID: 34209224 PMCID: PMC8301030 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybeans are rich in proteins and lipids and have become a staple part of the human diet. Besides their nutritional excellence, they have also been shown to contain various functional components, including isoflavones, and have consequently received increasing attention as a functional food item. Isoflavones are structurally similar to 17-β-estradiol and bind to estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ). The estrogenic activity of isoflavones ranges from a hundredth to a thousandth of that of estrogen itself. Isoflavones play a role in regulating the effects of estrogen in the human body, depending on the situation. Thus, when estrogen is insufficient, isoflavones perform the functions of estrogen, and when estrogen is excessive, isoflavones block the estrogen receptors to which estrogen binds, thus acting as an estrogen antagonist. In particular, estrogen antagonistic activity is important in the breast, endometrium, and prostate, and such antagonistic activity suppresses cancer occurrence. Genistein, an isoflavone, has cancer-suppressing effects on estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) cancers, including breast cancer. It suppresses the function of enzymes such as tyrosine protein kinase, mitogen-activated kinase, and DNA polymerase II, thus inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Genistein is the most biologically active and potent isoflavone candidate for cancer prevention. Furthermore, among the various physiological functions of isoflavones, they are best known for their antioxidant activities. S-Equol, a metabolite of genistein and daidzein, has strong antioxidative effects; however, the ability to metabolize daidzein into S-equol varies based on racial and individual differences. The antioxidant activity of isoflavones may be effective in preventing dementia by inhibiting the phosphorylation of Alzheimer's-related tau proteins. Genistein also reduces allergic responses by limiting the expression of mast cell IgE receptors, which are involved in allergic responses. In addition, they have been known to prevent and treat various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndromes, osteoporosis, diabetes, brain-related diseases, high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and inflammation. Further, it also has positive effects on menstrual irregularity in non-menopausal women and relieving menopausal symptoms in middle-aged women. Recently, soybean consumption has shown steep increasing trend in Western countries where the intake was previously only 1/20-1/50 of that in Asian countries. In this review, I have dealt with the latest research trends that have shown substantial interest in the biological efficacy of isoflavones in humans and plants, and their related mechanisms.
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Purawarga Matada GS, Dhiwar PS, Abbas N, Singh E, Ghara A, Das A, Bhargava SV. Molecular docking and molecular dynamic studies: screening of phytochemicals against EGFR, HER2, estrogen and NF-KB receptors for their potential use in breast cancer. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:6183-6192. [PMID: 33525984 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1877823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a second common malignancy in female globally. Hence, identification of novel therapeutic agents is extremely important. Molecular docking and MD simulation are the important tools in the process of drug discovery for searching the potential hits. The structure-based drug designing technique also reveals the information about ligands behavior in computational environment. Docking tools help in visualization and analysis of protein-ligand complex at atomic level. Molecular dynamics shows the stability of the molecules in the receptor cavity in the simulated environment. In this research work, we have screened potent phytochemicals against the BC. We docked the phytochemicals and examined the binding affinities of ligands towards the EGFR, HER2, estrogen and NF-κB receptors. Pristimerin, ixocarpalactone A, viscosalactone B and zhankuic acid A have shown higher binding affinities and energies towards targeted receptors among the screened phytochemicals. MD simulation study shows stability of docked complex for pristimerin and HER2 receptor. These phytochemicals can be repurposed for their anticancer activity. This in-silico work provides a strong ground for further investigation of their anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurubasavaraj Swamy Purawarga Matada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health & Science Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Prasad Sanjay Dhiwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health & Science Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Nahid Abbas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health & Science Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ekta Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health & Science Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Abhishek Ghara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health & Science Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Arka Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health & Science Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sapna Vyas Bhargava
- Department of Zoology, Maa Bharti PG Science College, University of Kota, Rajasthan, India
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Silva H. The Vascular Effects of Isolated Isoflavones-A Focus on the Determinants of Blood Pressure Regulation. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:49. [PMID: 33445531 PMCID: PMC7827317 DOI: 10.3390/biology10010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Isoflavones are phytoestrogen compounds with important biological activities, including improvement of cardiovascular health. This activity is most evident in populations with a high isoflavone dietary intake, essentially from soybean-based products. The major isoflavones known to display the most important cardiovascular effects are genistein, daidzein, glycitein, formononetin, and biochanin A, although the closely related metabolite equol is also relevant. Most clinical studies have been focused on the impact of dietary intake or supplementation with mixtures of compounds, with only a few addressing the effect of isolated compounds. This paper reviews the main actions of isolated isoflavones on the vasculature, with particular focus given to their effect on the determinants of blood pressure regulation. Isoflavones exert vasorelaxation due to a multitude of pathways in different vascular beds. They can act in the endothelium to potentiate the release of NO and endothelium-derived hyperpolarization factors. In the vascular smooth muscle, isoflavones modulate calcium and potassium channels, leading to hyperpolarization and relaxation. Some of these effects are influenced by the binding of isoflavones to estrogen receptors and to the inhibition of specific kinase enzymes. The vasorelaxation effects of isoflavones are mostly obtained with plasma concentrations in the micromolar range, which are only attained through supplementation. This paper highlights isolated isoflavones as potentially suitable alternatives to soy-based foodstuffs and supplements and which could enlarge the current therapeutic arsenal. Nonetheless, more studies are needed to better establish their safety profile and elect the most useful applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Silva
- Informetrics Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 758307, Vietnam;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 758307, Vietnam
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Sohn SI, Pandian S, Oh YJ, Kang HJ, Cho WS, Cho YS. Metabolic Engineering of Isoflavones: An Updated Overview. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:670103. [PMID: 34163508 PMCID: PMC8216759 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.670103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Isoflavones are ecophysiologically active secondary metabolites derived from the phenylpropanoid pathway. They were mostly found in leguminous plants, especially in the pea family. Isoflavones play a key role in plant-environment interactions and act as phytoalexins also having an array of health benefits to the humans. According to epidemiological studies, a high intake of isoflavones-rich diets linked to a lower risk of hormone-related cancers, osteoporosis, menopausal symptoms, and cardiovascular diseases. These characteristics lead to the significant advancement in the studies on genetic and metabolic engineering of isoflavones in plants. As a result, a number of structural and regulatory genes involved in isoflavone biosynthesis in plants have been identified and characterized. Subsequently, they were engineered in various crop plants for the increased production of isoflavones. Furthermore, with the advent of high-throughput technologies, the regulation of isoflavone biosynthesis gains attention to increase or decrease the level of isoflavones in the crop plants. In the review, we begin with the role of isoflavones in plants, environment, and its benefits in human health. Besides, the main theme is to discuss the updated research progress in metabolic engineering of isoflavones in other plants species and regulation of production of isoflavones in soybeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo In Sohn
- Biosafety Division, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jeonju, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Soo-In Sohn,
| | - Subramani Pandian
- Biosafety Division, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Young Ju Oh
- Institute for Future Environmental Ecology Co., Ltd., Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Jung Kang
- Biosafety Division, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Woo Suk Cho
- Biosafety Division, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Youn Sung Cho
- Biosafety Division, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jeonju, South Korea
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Rouhimoghadam M, Lu AS, Salem AK, Filardo EJ. Therapeutic Perspectives on the Modulation of G-Protein Coupled Estrogen Receptor, GPER, Function. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:591217. [PMID: 33329395 PMCID: PMC7719807 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.591217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogens exert their physiological and pathophysiological effects via cellular receptors, named ERα, ERβ, and G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). Estrogen-regulated physiology is tightly controlled by factors that regulate estrogen bioavailability and receptor sensitivity, while disruption of these control mechanisms can result in loss of reproductive function, cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disease, obesity, insulin resistance, endometriosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Restoration of estrogen physiology by modulating estrogen bioavailability or receptor activity is an effective approach for treating these pathological conditions. Therapeutic interventions that block estrogen action are employed effectively for the treatment of breast and prostate cancer as well as for precocious puberty and anovulatory infertility. Theoretically, treatments that block estrogen biosynthesis should prevent estrogen action at ERs and GPER, although drug resistance and ligand-independent receptor activation may still occur. In addition, blockade of estrogen biosynthesis does not prevent activation of estrogen receptors by naturally occurring or man-made exogenous estrogens. A more complicated scenario is provided by anti-estrogen drugs that antagonize ERs since these drugs function as GPER agonists. Based upon its association with metabolic dysregulation and advanced cancer, GPER represents a therapeutic target with promise for the treatment of several critical health concerns facing Western society. Selective ligands that specifically target GPER have been developed and may soon serve as pharmacological agents for treating human disease. Here, we review current forms of estrogen therapy and the implications that GPER holds for these therapies. We also discuss existing GPER targeted drugs, additional approaches towards developing GPER-targeted therapies and how these therapies may complement existing modalities of estrogen-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Rouhimoghadam
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Anh S. Lu
- College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Aliasger K. Salem
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Edward J. Filardo
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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Siddiqui S, Mahdi AA, Arshad M. Genistein contributes to cell cycle progression and regulates oxidative stress in primary culture of osteoblasts along with osteoclasts attenuation. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:277. [PMID: 32917180 PMCID: PMC7488498 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03065-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The present study was designed to examine the role of isoflavone genistein (GS) on bone formation, regulating oxidative stress and cell cycle in primary osteoblasts, as well as attenuation of osteoclast formation. Methods Primary calvaria osteoblasts were isolated from 2 to 3 days old neonatal rat pups (n = 6–8) of Sprague Dawley rats. Osteoblasts were incubated with varying concentrations of GS and different assays viz. cell proliferation, differentiation, calcium deposition, cell cycle progression, antioxidant ability, and osteogenic gene expression were performed. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and immunolocalization of cathepsin K protein were assessed in bone marrow-derived osteoclasts. Results Results revealed that GS markedly induced cell growth and osteoblast differentiation depending upon dose. The fluorescent dye DCFH-DA staining data proved the antioxidant ability of GS, which reduced the H2O2- induced intracellular oxidative stress in osteoblasts. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that GS treatment upregulated the expression of osteoblastic genes of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), bone morphogenetic proteins 2 (BMP2), and osteocalcin. Immunolocalization of BMP2 also indicated the osteogenic efficacy of GS. Furthermore, TRAP staining and cathepsin K expression depicted that GS inhibited multinucleated osteoclasts formation. Conclusions In conclusion, GS isoflavone might impart protective effects against oxidative stress-induced bone loss and thus, could maintain skeletal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahabjada Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, 226003, India. .,Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India.
| | - Abbas Ali Mahdi
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, 226003, India
| | - Md Arshad
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India. .,Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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14
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Akbaribazm M, Khazaei MR, Khazaei M. Trifolium pratense L. (red clover) extract and doxorubicin synergistically inhibits proliferation of 4T1 breast cancer in tumor-bearing BALB/c mice through modulation of apoptosis and increase antioxidant and anti-inflammatory related pathways. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:4276-4290. [PMID: 32884708 PMCID: PMC7455927 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic strategies against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) are associated with drug-induced toxicities. The tropical edible red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is rich in polyphenolic compounds which confer the plant potential anticancer properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of T. pratense and doxorubicin (DOX) on the apoptosis and proliferation of 4T1 tumor cells in an allograft model of tumor-bearing BALB/c mice. Fifty-six female 4T1-tumor bearing- BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 7 groups (n = 8/group) to receive different doses and combinations of DOX and T. pratense extract for 35 days. On the 36th day, serum estradiol (E2), IL-12 and IFN-γ cytokines, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity were measured. Tumor's ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and the expressions of apoptosis-related genes (p53, Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3) were also evaluated. Immunohistochemical staining for Ki-67 and p53 were performed. Our results showed that the co-treatment of DOX and T. pratense (100-400 mg/kg) inhibited the proliferation of 4T1 tumor cells in dose- and time-dependent manners. The co-treatment of DOX and T. pratense (especially at the dose of 400 mg/kg) decreased the serum level of E2 (as a stimulant for breast tumor growth) and increased the serum levels of IL-12 and IFN-γ along with significant increments in serum GPx and tumor FRAP activities. The co-administration of DOX and T. pratense also decreased the expression of Ki-67 proliferation marker and increased the number p53 positive (i.e., apoptotic) cells within tumors. This was accompanied with the upregulation of pro-apoptotic and down-regulation of antiapoptotic genes. The key findings indicated the synergistic effects of DOX and T. pratense against TNBC xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Akbaribazm
- Students Research CommitteeKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Mohammad Rasoul Khazaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research CenterHealth Technology InstituteKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Mozafar Khazaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research CenterHealth Technology InstituteKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
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15
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Nazzaro F, Fratianni F, De Feo V, Battistelli A, Da Cruz AG, Coppola R. Polyphenols, the new frontiers of prebiotics. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2020; 94:35-89. [PMID: 32892838 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the identification of molecules capable to promote health and with a concurrent potential for technological applications. Prebiotics are functional ingredients naturally occurring in some plant and animal foods that since many decades stimulated considerable attention from the pharmaceutical and food industries due to their positive health effects. Together the well-known biomolecules with ascertained prebiotic effect, in last year new molecules were finally recognized as prebiotics, so capable to improve the health of an organism, also through the positive effect exerted on host microbiota. Among the so-called prebiotics, a special mention should be given to polyphenols, probably the most important, or at least among the most important secondary metabolites produced by the vegetal kingdom. This short chapter wants to emphasize polyphenols and, after briefly describing the individual microbiome, to illustrate how polyphenols can, through their influence on the microbiome, have a positive effect on the health of the individual in general, and on some pathologies in particular, for which the role of a bad status of the individual microbiome has been definitively established.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Adriano Gomes Da Cruz
- Food Department, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raffaele Coppola
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, DiAAA-University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
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16
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Mercer KE, Bhattacharyya S, Sharma N, Chaudhury M, Lin H, Yeruva L, Ronis MJ. Infant Formula Feeding Changes the Proliferative Status in Piglet Neonatal Mammary Glands Independently of Estrogen Signaling. J Nutr 2020; 150:730-738. [PMID: 31687754 PMCID: PMC7138673 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soy infant formula contains isoflavones, which are able to bind to and activate estrogen receptor (ER) pathways. The mammary gland is sensitive to estrogens, raising concern that the use of soy formulas may promote premature development. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine if soy formula feeding increases mammary gland proliferation and differentiation in comparison to other infant postnatal diets. METHODS White-Dutch Landrace piglets aged 2 d received either sow milk (Sow), or were provided milk formula (Milk), soy formula (Soy), milk formula supplemented with 17-beta-estradiol (2 mg/(kg·d); M + E2), or milk formula supplemented with genistein (84 mg/L of diet; M + G) until day 21. Mammary gland proliferation and differentiation was assessed by histology, and real-time RT-PCR confirmation of differentially expressed genes identified by microarray analysis. RESULTS Mammary terminal end bud numbers were 19-31% greater in the Milk, Soy, and M + G groups relative to the Sow and M + E2, P <0.05. Microarray analysis identified differentially expressed genes between each formula-fed group relative to the Sow (±1.7-fold, P <0.05). Real-time RT-PCR confirmed 2- to 4-fold increases in mRNA transcripts of genes involved in cell proliferation, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10), and fibroblast growth factor 18 (FGF18), in all groups relative to the Sow, P <0.05. In contrast, genes involved in cell differentiation and ductal morphogenesis, angiotensin II receptor type 2 (AGTR2), microtubule associated protein 1b (MAP1B), and kinesin family member 26b (KIF26B), were significantly upregulated by 2-, 4-, and 13-fold, respectively, in the M + E2 group. Additionally, mRNA expression of ER-specific gene targets, progesterone receptor (PGR), was increased by 12-fold, and amphiregulin (AREG) and Ras-like estrogen regulated growth inhibitor (RERG) expression by 1.5-fold in the M + E2 group, P <0.05. In the soy and M + G groups, mRNA expressions of fatty acid synthesis genes were increased 2- to 4-fold. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate soy formula feeding does not promote ER-signaling in the piglet mammary gland. Infant formula feeding (milk- or soy-based) may initiate proliferative pathways independently of estrogenic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Mercer
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Sudeepa Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Neha Sharma
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | | | - Haixia Lin
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Laxmi Yeruva
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Martin J Ronis
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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17
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Ma L, Liu G, Ding M, Zong G, Hu FB, Willett WC, Rimm EB, Manson JE, Sun Q. Isoflavone Intake and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in US Men and Women: Results From 3 Prospective Cohort Studies. Circulation 2020; 141:1127-1137. [PMID: 32200662 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.041306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether soy products confer health benefits related to coronary heart disease (CHD) remains controversial because of inconsistent evidence. METHODS A total of 74 241 women from the NHS (Nurses' Health Study; 1984-2012), 94 233 women from the NHSII (Nurses' Health Study II; 1991-2013), and 42 226 men from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986-2012), who were free of cardiovascular disease and cancer at baseline, were included in the present analysis. Dietary data were updated every 2 to 4 years using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Nonfatal myocardial infarction and CHD deaths were adjudicated through reviewing medical records, death certificates, and other medical documents. RESULTS In these cohorts, 8359 incident CHD cases were documented during 4 826 122 person-years of follow-up. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, isoflavone intake was inversely associated with CHD (pooled hazard ratio [HR] comparing the extreme quintiles: 0.87 [95% CI, 0.81-0.94]; P=0.008). Consumption of tofu, but not soy milk, was inversely associated with the risk of CHD, with pooled HRs (95% CIs) of 0.82 (0.70-0.95; P=0.005) and 0.87 (0.69-1.10; P=0.41), respectively, comparing ≥1 serving/week with <1 serving/month. Further analyses showed that, in women, the favorable association of tofu was primarily driven by stronger inverse association of tofu intake observed in younger women before menopause and postmenopausal women without hormone use (Pinteraction=0.002). CONCLUSIONS Higher intake of isoflavones and tofu was associated with a moderately lower risk of developing CHD, and in women the favorable association of tofu were more pronounced in young women or postmenopausal women without hormone use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Ma
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China (L.M.).,Department of Nutrition (L.M., M.D., G.Z., F.B.H., W.C.W., E.B.R., Q.S.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China (L.M.)
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (G.L.)
| | - Ming Ding
- Department of Nutrition (L.M., M.D., G.Z., F.B.H., W.C.W., E.B.R., Q.S.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Geng Zong
- Department of Nutrition (L.M., M.D., G.Z., F.B.H., W.C.W., E.B.R., Q.S.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Epidemiology (F.B.H., W.C.W., E.B.R., J.E.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Nutrition (L.M., M.D., G.Z., F.B.H., W.C.W., E.B.R., Q.S.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine (F.B.H., W.C.W., E.B.R., J.E.M., Q.S.)Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Epidemiology (F.B.H., W.C.W., E.B.R., J.E.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Nutrition (L.M., M.D., G.Z., F.B.H., W.C.W., E.B.R., Q.S.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine (F.B.H., W.C.W., E.B.R., J.E.M., Q.S.)Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Eric B Rimm
- Department of Epidemiology (F.B.H., W.C.W., E.B.R., J.E.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Nutrition (L.M., M.D., G.Z., F.B.H., W.C.W., E.B.R., Q.S.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine (F.B.H., W.C.W., E.B.R., J.E.M., Q.S.)Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Epidemiology (F.B.H., W.C.W., E.B.R., J.E.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine (F.B.H., W.C.W., E.B.R., J.E.M., Q.S.)Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Division of Preventive Medicine (J.E.M.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition (L.M., M.D., G.Z., F.B.H., W.C.W., E.B.R., Q.S.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine (F.B.H., W.C.W., E.B.R., J.E.M., Q.S.)Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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18
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Nogueira-de-Almeida CA, Ferraz IS, Ued FDV, Almeida ACF, Ciampo LAD. Impact of soy consumption on human health: integrative review. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-6723.12919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Soy consumption is a millenary habit of populations of the eastern world and has recently increased in the western world. The risks and benefits of this practice have been extensively studied, with a current fundamental need of integration of available information. The aim of this study was to carry out an integrative review on this topic, in order to consolidate the available information. Based on the main question: “What is the impact of soy consumption on human health?”, were reviewed publications classified as original articles and reviews published from 1998 to 2020 in the databases Scopus, PubMed, SciELO, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. A total of 97 studies were selected. In the present review were described the general impact of soy on human health and its protein quality, the effects of early exposure using soy formulas, and the effects of soy consumption on breast cancer, endometrial and ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, cardiovascular disease, glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes, obesity, reproductive health, menopause, female and male osteoporosis, microbiota, immunity and immunomodulation, thyroid function, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and renal function.
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19
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Licata P, Piccione G, Fazio F, Lauriano ER, Calò M. Protective effects of genistein on cytochrome P-450 and vitellogenin expression in liver of zebrafish after PCB-126 exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 674:71-76. [PMID: 31004905 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the research is to study the action of Vitellogenin and P-4501A1 following coexposure at different times to genistein and PCB-126 using zebrafish as a model system. Polychlorinated biphenyls are ubiquitous substances in environment. The genistein is a phytoestrogen extracted from soybeans and it's contained in food for humans and animals. For this study, 200 adult zebrafish were used. Our findings show a marked immunoreactivity of Vtg at 12h in liver than the control with only PCB-126. Regarding effects of PCB-126 on Vtg after pretreatment with genistein in fishes, the immunohistochemistry results show a minor increase at 12h. After 24h the immunoreactivity is lower than 12h and then slightly increased at 72h with only PCB-126 and PCB-126 and genistein together. CYP1A1 progressively increases from 12h to 72h in all groups with minor immunoreactivity when we treated fish with genistein and PCB-126. We show a reduction in the estrogenic effect when the fishes were treated with genistein and PCB-126 together at 12h than the group treated with only PCB-126. Moreover, low concentrations of genistein decrease the marked P450 expression induced by PCB-126. This shows that genistein decreases the expression of P450 target genes mediated by AhR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Licata
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo SS Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Piccione
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo SS Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Fazio
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo SS Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Eugenia Rita Lauriano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Via F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Margherita Calò
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo SS Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
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20
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Nutrition and Breast Cancer: A Literature Review on Prevention, Treatment and Recurrence. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071514. [PMID: 31277273 PMCID: PMC6682953 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common cancer worldwide and the most commonly occurring malignancy in women. There is growing evidence that lifestyle factors, including diet, body weight and physical activity, may be associated with higher BC risk. However, the effect of dietary factors on BC recurrence and mortality is not clearly understood. Here, we provide an overview of the current evidence obtained from the PubMed databases in the last decade, assessing dietary patterns, as well as the consumption of specific food-stuffs/food-nutrients, in relation to BC incidence, recurrence and survival. Data from the published literature suggest that a healthy dietary pattern characterized by high intake of unrefined cereals, vegetables, fruit, nuts and olive oil, and a moderate/low consumption of saturated fatty acids and red meat, might improve overall survival after diagnosis of BC. BC patients undergoing chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy experience a variety of symptoms that worsen patient quality of life. Studies investigating nutritional interventions during BC treatment have shown that nutritional counselling and supplementation with some dietary constituents, such as EPA and/or DHA, might be useful in limiting drug-induced side effects, as well as in enhancing therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, nutritional intervention in BC patients may be considered an integral part of the multimodal therapeutic approach. However, further research utilizing dietary interventions in large clinical trials is required to definitively establish effective interventions in these patients, to improve long-term survival and quality of life.
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21
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Anjaneyulu K, Bhat KM, Srinivasa SR, Devkar RA, Henry T. Beneficial Role of Hydro-alcoholic Seed Extract of Trigonella foenum graecum on Bone Structure and Strength in Menopause Induced Osteopenia. Ethiop J Health Sci 2019; 28:787-794. [PMID: 30607096 PMCID: PMC6308761 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v28i6.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The current strategies to prevent and treat menopausal osteoporosis are hormone replacement therapy (HRT). However, the long-term use of hormone replacement therapy is limited due to its side-effects. Alternately, use of phytoestrogens has been implicated. Trigonella foenum graecum (TFG) seeds are rich in phytoestrogen and known traditional medicine to treat menopause induced hyperlipidemia. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the role of dietary TFG seed extract on bone structure and mechanical properties in ovariectomized rats. Methods Twenty four female Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four groups; 1) control, 2) ovariectomized, 3) ovariectomized + TFG seed extract and 4) ovariectomized + 17β-estradiol. TFG seed extract/17β-estradiol was administered for 30 days, 14 days after ovariectomy. After the treatment, right femora were collected to measure the length and biomechanical properties, and left femora were gathered to study the micro architectural changes while tibia were collected to measure the dry weight. Results Maximum flexor load to break femur bone was significantly low in ovariectomized rats in comparison with control rats (P<0.05). Supplementation with TFG significantly improved the maximum flexor load (P<0.05) and tibia dry weight (P<0.01) compared to ovariectomized untreated rats. TFG administration also significantly preserved the trabecular (P<0.01) and cortical bone (P<0.05) thickness compared to ovariectomized rats. Conclusion This study found that dietary intake of TFG seeds can improve the bone structure and biomechanical properties in ovariectomized rats indicating that TFG may be an alternative treatment strategy to prevent the menopause induced osteopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Anjaneyulu
- Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal
| | - Kumar Mr Bhat
- Department of Anatomy, Ras Al Khaimah College of Medical Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Science University, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE
| | - S R Srinivasa
- Department of Human and Clinical Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - R A Devkar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka
| | - T Henry
- Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal
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22
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Křížová L, Dadáková K, Kašparovská J, Kašparovský T. Isoflavones. Molecules 2019; 24:E1076. [PMID: 30893792 PMCID: PMC6470817 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are naturally occurring nonsteroidal phenolic plant compounds that, due to their molecular structure and size, resemble vertebrate steroids estrogens. This review is focused on plant flavonoids isoflavones, which are ranked among the most estrogenic compounds. The main dietary sources of isoflavones for humans are soybean and soybean products, which contain mainly daidzein and genistein. When they are consumed, they exert estrogenic and/or antiestrogenic effects. Isoflavones are considered chemoprotective and can be used as an alternative therapy for a wide range of hormonal disorders, including several cancer types, namely breast cancer and prostate cancer, cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, or menopausal symptoms. On the other hand, isoflavones may also be considered endocrine disruptors with possible negative influences on the state of health in a certain part of the population or on the environment. This review deals with isoflavone classification, structure, and occurrence, with their metabolism, biological, and health effects in humans and animals, and with their utilization and potential risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Křížová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Kateřina Dadáková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jitka Kašparovská
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomáš Kašparovský
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic.
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23
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Giampieri F, Afrin S, Forbes-Hernandez TY, Gasparrini M, Cianciosi D, Reboredo-Rodriguez P, Varela-Lopez A, Quiles JL, Battino M. Autophagy in Human Health and Disease: Novel Therapeutic Opportunities. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:577-634. [PMID: 29943652 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE In eukaryotes, autophagy represents a highly evolutionary conserved process, through which macromolecules and cytoplasmic material are degraded into lysosomes and recycled for biosynthetic or energetic purposes. Dysfunction of the autophagic process has been associated with the onset and development of many human chronic pathologies, such as cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases as well as cancer. Recent Advances: Currently, comprehensive research is being carried out to discover new therapeutic agents that are able to modulate the autophagic process in vivo. Recent evidence has shown that a large number of natural bioactive compounds are involved in the regulation of autophagy by modulating several transcriptional factors and signaling pathways. CRITICAL ISSUES Critical issues that deserve particular attention are the inadequate understanding of the complex role of autophagy in disease pathogenesis, the limited availability of therapeutic drugs, and the lack of clinical trials. In this context, the effects that natural bioactive compounds exert on autophagic modulation should be clearly highlighted, since they depend on the type and stage of the pathological conditions of diseases. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Research efforts should now focus on understanding the survival-supporting and death-promoting roles of autophagy, how natural compounds interact exactly with the autophagic targets so as to induce or inhibit autophagy and on the evaluation of their pharmacological effects in a more in-depth and mechanistic way. In addition, clinical studies on autophagy-inducing natural products are strongly encouraged, also to highlight some fundamental aspects, such as the dose, the duration, and the possible synergistic action of these compounds with conventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Giampieri
- 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche-Sez. Biochimica , Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona, Italy
| | - Sadia Afrin
- 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche-Sez. Biochimica , Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona, Italy
| | - Tamara Y Forbes-Hernandez
- 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche-Sez. Biochimica , Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona, Italy .,2 Area de Nutricion y Salud, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana , Campeche, Mexico
| | - Massimiliano Gasparrini
- 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche-Sez. Biochimica , Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona, Italy
| | - Danila Cianciosi
- 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche-Sez. Biochimica , Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona, Italy
| | - Patricia Reboredo-Rodriguez
- 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche-Sez. Biochimica , Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona, Italy .,3 Departamento de Quimica Analıtica y Alimentaria, Grupo de Nutricion y Bromatologıa, Universidade Vigo , Ourense, Spain
| | - Alfonso Varela-Lopez
- 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche-Sez. Biochimica , Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona, Italy
| | - Jose L Quiles
- 4 Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "Jose Mataix," Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada , Granada, Spain
| | - Maurizio Battino
- 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche-Sez. Biochimica , Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona, Italy .,5 Centre for Nutrition and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlantico (UEA) , Santander, Spain
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Abstract
Soy isoflavones have demonstrated chemopreventive and anticancer properties in epidemiology and biological studies, in addition to their function as antioxidants in prevention of cardiovascular disease. We have explored the potential of soy isoflavones, as a safe biological approach, to enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy for local tumor control and limit normal tissue damage in solid tumors. This review presents studies investigating the interaction between soy isoflavones and radiation in different malignancies, including prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and nonsmall cell lung cancer. Soy isoflavones were found to be potent sensitizers of cancer cells to radiation causing increased cell killing in vitro in human tumor cell lines and greater tumor inhibition in vivo in preclinical orthotopic murine tumor models. In the course of these studies, radioprotection of normal tissues and organs in the field of radiation was observed both in a clinical trial for prostate cancer and in preclinical models. The mechanisms of radiosensitization and radioprotection mediated by soy isoflavones are discussed and emphasize the role of soy isoflavones in increasing radiation effect on tumor and mitigating inflammatory responses induced by radiation in normal tissues. Soy isoflavones could be used as a safe, nontoxic complementary strategy that simultaneously increases radiation effectiveness on the malignancy while reducing damage in normal tissues in the field of radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda G Hillman
- Department of Oncology, Radiation Oncology Division, and Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI.
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Possible role of phytoestrogens in breast cancer via GPER-1/GPR30 signaling. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:2583-2598. [PMID: 30545896 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Estrogens generated within endocrine organs and the reproductive system act as ligands for at least three types of estrogen receptors. Estrogen receptors α (ERα) and β (ERβ) belong to the so-called classical family of estrogen receptors, whereas the G protein-coupled receptor GPR30, also known as GPER-1, has been described as a novel estrogen receptor sited in the cell membrane of target cells. Furthermore, these receptors are under stimulation of a family of exogenous estrogens, known as phytoestrogens, which are a diverse group of non-steroidal plant compounds derived from plant food consumed by humans and animals. Because phytoestrogens are omnipresent in our daily diet, they are becoming increasingly important in both human health and disease. Recent evidence indicates that in addition to classical estrogen receptors, phytoestrogens also activate GPER-1 a relevant observation since GPER-1 is involved in several physiopathological disorders and especially in estrogen-dependent diseases such as breast cancer.The first estrogen receptors discovered were the classical ERα and ERβ, but from an evolutionary point of view G protein-coupled receptors trace their origins in history to over a billion years ago suggesting that estrogen receptors like GPER-1 may have been the targets of choice for ancient phytoestrogens and/or estrogens.This review provides a comprehensive and systematic literature search on phytoestrogens and its relationship with classical estrogen receptors and GPER-1 including its role in breast cancer, an issue still under discussion.
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Michikawa T, Yamazaki S, Ono M, Kuroda T, Nakayama SF, Suda E, Isobe T, Iwai-Shimada M, Kobayashi Y, Yonemoto J, Tamura K, Kawamoto T, Nitta H. Isoflavone Intake in Early Pregnancy and Hypospadias in the Japan Environment and Children's Study. Urology 2018; 124:229-236. [PMID: 30447265 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the association between isoflavone intake in early pregnancy (the critical window of masculinisation) and hypospadias. Since oestrogen is likely to contribute to the differentiation of male external genitalia, dietary intake of isoflavone, which has a similar structure to human oestrogen, may be associated with the occurrence of hypospadias. However, there has been little evidence of this association. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used data of a nationwide birth cohort study, which recruited women as early in pregnancy as possible throughout Japan between 2011 and 2014. From the response to a self-administered food-frequency questionnaire, the daily intake of genistein (as a representative for isoflavone) was estimated. Information on hypospadias cases that were diagnosed until the first month after birth was obtained from medical records. Odds ratios (ORs) of hypospadias were estimated using a logistic regression model. RESULTS Among 41,578 mothers, who delivered singleton live male births, the median genistein intake was 15.3 mg/day, and a total of 51 cases of hypospadias were identified. Compared with mothers in the reference group (genistein intake 11th-89th percentiles), those in the low intake group (≤10th percentile) had an elevated risk of their sons having hypospadias (multivariable-adjusted OR = 2.8, 95% confidence interval = 1.4-5.8). Adverse or beneficial effects of genistein on hypospadias were not observed in the high intake group (≥90th percentile) (OR = 0.9, 95% confidence interval = 0.4-2.4). CONCLUSION Low maternal intake of isoflavone in early pregnancy was associated with an elevated risk of hypospadias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Michikawa
- Centre for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan.
| | - Shin Yamazaki
- Centre for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masaji Ono
- Centre for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kuroda
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji F Nakayama
- Centre for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Eiko Suda
- Centre for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Isobe
- Centre for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Miyuki Iwai-Shimada
- Centre for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yayoi Kobayashi
- Centre for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Junzo Yonemoto
- Centre for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kenji Tamura
- Centre for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kawamoto
- Centre for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan; Department of Environmental Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nitta
- Centre for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
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Effects of the Hormone Replacement Therapy and of Soy Isoflavones on Bone Resorption in Postmenopause. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7100297. [PMID: 30248918 PMCID: PMC6210155 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7100297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis is the most common form of osteoporosis and one of the major public health problems in developed countries. The prevalence of this condition, associated with the physiological stage of menopause, is continuously increasing. This study evaluated the effectiveness of soy isoflavones as compared to hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in low doses, on the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis, by determining bone mineral density (BMD) and urinary deoxypyridinoline (D-pyr) in physiological postmenopausal women. The study was conducted over a period of 12 months, on three parallel groups, which included a total of 325 postmenopausal women (HRT group: n = 95; phytoestrogens group: n = 124; control group: n = 106). At the one-year evaluation, we observed T-score normalization in a small number of cases (5.26%, 2.42% and 0.00%, respectively). The average values of D-Pyr decreased by 11.38% in the group treated with phytoestrogens (p < 0.05) and by 15.32% in the group that followed HRT (p < 0.05); it increased by 4.38% in the control group (p > 0.05). Both therapies have beneficial effects on bone metabolism, leading to a significant decrease in the evolution of bone resorption and there are no major differences between the efficacy of HRT and phytoestrogens in terms of the effects on BMD and bone resorption.
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Rizzo G, Baroni L. Soy, Soy Foods and Their Role in Vegetarian Diets. Nutrients 2018; 10:E43. [PMID: 29304010 PMCID: PMC5793271 DOI: 10.3390/nu10010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Soy is a basic food ingredient of traditional Asian cuisine used for thousands of years. In Western countries, soybeans have been introduced about a hundred years ago and recently they are mainly used for surrogate foods production. Soy and soy foods are common nutritional solutions for vegetarians, due to their high protein content and versatility in the production of meat analogues and milk substitutes. However, there are some doubts about the potential effects on health, such as the effectiveness on cardiovascular risk reduction or, conversely, on the possible disruption of thyroid function and sexual hormones. The soy components that have stimulated the most research interest are isoflavones, which are polyphenols with estrogenic properties highly contained in soybeans. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of soy and soy foods, focusing on their nutrient content, including phytoestrogens and other bioactive substances that are noteworthy for vegetarians, the largest soy consumers in the Western countries. The safety of use will also be discussed, given the growing trend in adoption of vegetarian styles and the new soy-based foods availability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciana Baroni
- Primary Care Unit, Northern District, Local Health Unit 2, 31100 Treviso, Italy.
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Abstract
This review summarizes the 2016 NAMS/Pfizer-Wulf H. Utian Endowed Lecture that focused on the history and basic science of soy isoflavones. Described is a personal perspective of the background and history that led to the current interest in soy and isoflavones with a specific focus on the role that soy isoflavones play in the health of postmenopausal women. This overview covers the metabolism and physiological behavior of isoflavones, their biological properties that are of potential relevance to aging, issues related to the safety of soy isoflavones, and the role of the important intestinally derived metabolite S-(-)equol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth D R Setchell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
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31
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Zhang Y, He Y, Liu C, Liu C, Li S. In vitro screening and isolation of human aromatase inhibitors from Cicer arietinum
by a novel continuous online method combining chromatographic techniques. J Sep Sci 2017; 41:483-492. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchi Zhang
- Central Laboratory; Changchun Normal University; Changchun China
| | - Yan He
- Nephropathy Department; The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine; Changchun China
| | - Chengyu Liu
- Clinical Department of Rehabilitation, College of Acupuncture and Massage; Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Changchun China
| | - Chunming Liu
- Central Laboratory; Changchun Normal University; Changchun China
| | - Sainan Li
- Central Laboratory; Changchun Normal University; Changchun China
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Rigalli JP, Scholz PN, Tocchetti GN, Ruiz ML, Weiss J. The phytoestrogens daidzein and equol inhibit the drug transporter BCRP/ABCG2 in breast cancer cells: potential chemosensitizing effect. Eur J Nutr 2017; 58:139-150. [PMID: 29101532 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1578-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The soy isoflavone genistein has been described to up-regulate breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and, thus, enhance chemoresistance in breast cancer cells. The aim of this work was to assess the effect of long- and short-term incubation with daidzein, the second most abundant soy isoflavone and its metabolite equol on the expression and activity of P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance-associated proteins 1 and 2 (MRP1 and MRP2) and BCRP in breast cancer cells. METHODS MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with phytoestrogen concentrations within the range achieved in individuals with a high isoflavone intake. Transporter expression was evaluated at protein and mRNA level through western blot and qRT-PCR, respectively. Transporter activity was determined using doxorubicin, mitoxantrone and carboxy-dichlorofluorescein as substrates. RESULTS Daidzein (5 µM) up-regulated MRP2- and down-regulated MRP1 protein expressions in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively. Both effects were ER-dependent, as determined using the antagonist ICI 182,780. The decrease in MRP1 mRNA in MDA-MB-231 cells indicates a transcriptional mechanism. On the contrary, MRP2 induction in MCF-7 cells takes place post-transcriptionally. Whereas changes in the transporter expression had a minor effect on the transporter activity, acute incubation with daidzein, R-equol and S-equol led to a strong inhibition of BCRP activity and an increase in the IC50 of BCRP substrates. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to previous reports for genistein, daidzein and equol do not provoke a major up-regulation of the transporter expression but instead an inhibition of BCRP activity and sensitization to BCRP substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Rigalli
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Physiology (IFISE-CONICET), Suipacha 570, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Paul Niklas Scholz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guillermo Nicolás Tocchetti
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Physiology (IFISE-CONICET), Suipacha 570, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - María Laura Ruiz
- Institute of Experimental Physiology (IFISE-CONICET), Suipacha 570, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Johanna Weiss
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Sak K. Intake of Individual Flavonoids and Risk of Carcinogenesis: Overview of Epidemiological Evidence. Nutr Cancer 2017; 69:1119-1150. [PMID: 29083244 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1367934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Several epidemiological findings have demonstrated that specific flavonoids can be responsible for reduction of the risk of certain cancer types. However, these results are still rather limited, inconclusive and controversial. Therefore, in this comprehensive review article the findings reported to date about the associations between dietary intake of individual flavonoid compounds and cancer incidence are compiled and analyzed. Also, the possible reasons for inconsistencies are brought forth and discussed. As diet is a potentially modifiable factor in our behavioral choices, further large-scale prospective studies with longer follow-up times, different populations, various doses and exposure timing as well as diverse well-controlled confounders are highly needed to confirm or disprove the current epidemiological knowledge about the role of flavonoids on cancer risk. Regarding the promising data to date, more research on bioavailability, metabolism and biological action mechanisms of these plant secondary metabolites is also encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Sak
- a NGO Praeventio , Näituse 22-3, Tartu , Estonia
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Sak K. Epidemiological Evidences on Dietary Flavonoids and Breast Cancer Risk: A Narrative Review. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:2309-2328. [PMID: 28950673 PMCID: PMC5720631 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.9.2309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies on associations between intake of flavonoids and breast cancer risk are highly needed to assess the actual effects of flavonoids in humans. Experimental investigations in vitro conditions cannot detect and model the real action of these phytochemicals due to the limitations to consider absorption and metabolic biotransformation as well as several complex interactions. Therefore, the data about association findings between intake of flavonoids and breast cancer risk are compiled and analyzed in the current review by evaluating both the results obtained using food composition databases as well as different biomarkers. Although several case-control studies demonstrate some reduction in breast cancer risk related to high consumption of flavones and flavonols, large-scale prospective cohort studies with follow-up times of many years do not confirm these findings. Intake of isoflavones can be associated with a decrease in breast tumorigenesis only in Asian countries where the consumption of soy foods is high but not among Western women with significantly lower ingestion amounts, suggesting the presence of so-called threshold level of effect. Besides doses, the timing of exposure to isoflavones seems also to be a significant factor as childhood and prepubertal age can be critical periods. Although women may need to consume high amounts of isoflavones typical to Asian diets to gain beneficial effects and protection against mammary carcinogenesis, it is still too early to give any specific recommendations to prevent breast tumors by diet rich in certain flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Sak
- NGO Praeventio, Näituse 22-3, Tartu 50407, Estonia.
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Ding M, Pan A, Manson JE, Willett WC, Malik V, Rosner B, Giovannucci E, Hu FB, Sun Q. Consumption of soy foods and isoflavones and risk of type 2 diabetes: a pooled analysis of three US cohorts. Eur J Clin Nutr 2016; 70:1381-1387. [PMID: 27380886 PMCID: PMC5143190 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Evidence regarding the consumption of soy foods and isoflavones in relation to risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is scarce. Our study was to evaluate the association between soy food and isoflavone consumption and risk of T2D in US men and women. SUBJECTS/METHODS We followed 63 115 women in the Nurses' Health Study (1998-2012), 79 061 women in the Nurses' Health Study II (1999-2013) and 21 281 men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (2002-2010). Diet was assessed by a validated food-frequency questionnaire and was updated every 4 years. Self-reports of incident T2D were confirmed by a validated supplementary questionnaire. RESULTS During 1 966 321 person-years of follow-up, 9185 incident T2D cases were documented. After multivariate adjustment for covariates, consumption of soy foods (tofu and soy milk) was not associated with a lower T2D risk. Compared with non-consumers of soy foods, the hazard ratio (HR) was 1.00 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.93, 1.07) for <1 serving/week and 0.93 (95% CI: 0.83, 1.03) for ⩾1 serving/week of soy foods (P for trend=0.14). In contrast, intake of total isoflavones was inversely associated with T2D risk. Comparing extreme quintiles of isoflavones, the HR was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.83, 0.96; P for trend=0.009). Inverse associations were also found for consumption of major individual isoflavones, including daidzein and genistein, with risk of T2D. CONCLUSIONS Intake of isoflavones was associated with a modestly lower T2D risk in US men and women who typically consumed low-to-moderate amounts of soy foods. These findings warrant replications in other populations with similar soy intake levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ding
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - An Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Walter C. Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Vasanti Malik
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Huang H, Krishnan HB, Pham Q, Yu LL, Wang TTY. Soy and Gut Microbiota: Interaction and Implication for Human Health. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:8695-8709. [PMID: 27798832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Soy (Glycine max) is a major commodity in the United States, and soy foods are gaining popularity due to their reported health-promoting effects. In the past two decades, soy and soy bioactive components have been studied for their health-promoting/disease-preventing activities and potential mechanisms of action. Recent studies have identified gut microbiota as an important component in the human body ecosystem and possibly a critical modulator of human health. Soy foods' interaction with the gut microbiota may critically influence many aspects of human development, physiology, immunity, and nutrition at different stages of life. This review summarizes current knowledge on the effects of soy foods and soy components on gut microbiota population and composition. It was found, although results vary in different studies, in general, both animal and human studies have shown that consumption of soy foods can increase the levels of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli and alter the ratio between Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. These changes in microbiota are consistent with reported reductions in pathogenic bacteria populations in the gut, thereby lowering the risk of diseases and leading to beneficial effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqiu Huang
- Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service , Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Hari B Krishnan
- Plant Genetics Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Quynhchi Pham
- Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service , Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Liangli Lucy Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Thomas T Y Wang
- Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service , Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
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Kakehashi A, Yoshida M, Tago Y, Ishii N, Okuno T, Gi M, Wanibuchi H. Pueraria mirifica Exerts Estrogenic Effects in the Mammary Gland and Uterus and Promotes Mammary Carcinogenesis in Donryu Rats. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8110275. [PMID: 27827907 PMCID: PMC5127102 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8110275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pueraria mirifica (PM), a plant whose dried and powdered tuberous roots are now widely used in rejuvenating preparations to promote youthfulness in both men and women, may have major estrogenic influence. In this study, we investigated modifying effects of PM at various doses on mammary and endometrial carcinogenesis in female Donryu rats. Firstly, PM administered to ovariectomized animals at doses of 0.03%, 0.3%, and 3% in a phytoestrogen-low diet for 2 weeks caused significant increase in uterus weight. Secondly, a 4 week PM application to non-operated rats at a dose of 3% after 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) initiation resulted in significant elevation of cell proliferation in the mammary glands. In a third experiment, postpubertal administration of 0.3% (200 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)/day) PM to 5-week-old non-operated animals for 36 weeks following initiation of mammary and endometrial carcinogenesis with DMBA and N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (ENNG), respectively, resulted in significant increase of mammary adenocarcinoma incidence. A significant increase of endometrial atypical hyperplasia multiplicity was also observed. Furthermore, PM at doses of 0.3%, and more pronouncedly, at 1% induced dilatation, hemorrhage and inflammation of the uterine wall. In conclusion, postpubertal long-term PM administration to Donryu rats exerts estrogenic effects in the mammary gland and uterus, and at a dose of 200 mg/kg b.w./day was found to promote mammary carcinogenesis initiated by DMBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kakehashi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Midori Yoshida
- Division of Pathology, Biological Safety Research Center, National Institute of Health Sciences, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan.
| | - Yoshiyuki Tago
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Naomi Ishii
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Okuno
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Min Gi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Hideki Wanibuchi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
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Meng S, He J, Zhao T, Xing G, Li Y, Yang S, Lu J, Wang Y, Gai J. Detecting the QTL-allele system of seed isoflavone content in Chinese soybean landrace population for optimal cross design and gene system exploration. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2016; 129:1557-76. [PMID: 27189002 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-016-2724-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Utilizing an innovative GWAS in CSLRP, 44 QTL 199 alleles with 72.2 % contribution to SIFC variation were detected and organized into a QTL-allele matrix for cross design and gene annotation. The seed isoflavone content (SIFC) of soybeans is of great importance to health care. The Chinese soybean landrace population (CSLRP) as a genetic reservoir was studied for its whole-genome quantitative trait loci (QTL) system of the SIFC using an innovative restricted two-stage multi-locus genome-wide association study procedure (RTM-GWAS). A sample of 366 landraces was tested under four environments and sequenced using RAD-seq (restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing) technique to obtain 116,769 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) then organized into 29,119 SNP linkage disequilibrium blocks (SNPLDBs) for GWAS. The detected 44 QTL 199 alleles on 16 chromosomes (explaining 72.2 % of the total phenotypic variation) with the allele effects (92 positive and 107 negative) of the CSLRP were organized into a QTL-allele matrix showing the SIFC population genetic structure. Additional differentiation among eco-regions due to the SIFC in addition to that of genome-wide markers was found. All accessions comprised both positive and negative alleles, implying a great potential for recombination within the population. The optimal crosses were predicted from the matrices, showing transgressive potentials in the CSLRP. From the detected QTL system, 55 candidate genes related to 11 biological processes were χ (2)-tested as an SIFC candidate gene system. The present study explored the genome-wide SIFC QTL/gene system with the innovative RTM-GWAS and found the potentials of the QTL-allele matrix in optimal cross design and population genetic and genomic studies, which may have provided a solution to match the breeding by design strategy at both QTL and gene levels in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Meng
- Soybean Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianbo He
- Soybean Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tuanjie Zhao
- Soybean Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangnan Xing
- Soybean Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Li
- Soybean Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shouping Yang
- Soybean Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiangjie Lu
- Soybean Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Soybean Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junyi Gai
- Soybean Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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Gong N, Hu K, Jin G, Du G, Lu Y. Concomitant polymorphs of methoxyflavone (5-methyl-7-methoxyflavone). RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra05995c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel metastable polymorph and an unstable amorphous phase of methoxyflavone were discovered after a decade since the first report of the X-ray crystal structure of this bioactive compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningbo Gong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100050
- China
| | - Kun Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100050
- China
| | - Guimin Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100050
- China
| | - Guanhua Du
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100050
- China
| | - Yang Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100050
- China
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Ding M, Franke AA, Rosner BA, Giovannucci E, van Dam RM, Tworoger SS, Hu FB, Sun Q. Urinary isoflavonoids and risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective investigation in US women. Br J Nutr 2015; 114:1694-701. [PMID: 26370252 PMCID: PMC4762594 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515003359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To examine the association between urinary excretion of isoflavonoids and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), we conducted a nested case-control study among 1111 T2D pairs identified during 1995-2008 in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHSII, who were free of diabetes, CVD and cancer at urine sample collection. Urinary excretion of daidzein and genistein, as well as their metabolites O-desmethylangolensin (O-DMA), dihydrogenistein (DHGE) and dihydrodaidzein (DHDE) was assayed using liquid chromatography MS. Self-reported T2D incident cases were confirmed using a validated questionnaire. Higher urinary excretion of daidzein and genistein was associated with a lower risk of T2D in the combined cohorts. Comparing extreme tertiles of the urinary markers, the OR of T2D were 0·71 (95 % CI 0·55, 0·93) for daidzein and 0·74 (95 % CI 0·56, 0·97) for genistein, although the test for linear trend was not significant for genistein (P trend=0·03 and 0·15, respectively). DMA, DHDE and DHGE were non-significantly associated with a lower T2D risk. The inverse association of daidzein with T2D risk was stronger among post-menopausal women who did not use hormone replacement therapy (P interaction=0·001): the OR was 0·58 (95 % CI 0·34, 0·97) comparing extreme tertiles among these women. In conclusion, urinary excretion of isoflavones was associated with a lower T2D risk in US women, especially among post-menopausal women who did not use hormone. Further research is warranted to replicate these observations among western populations with similarly low overall isoflavone intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ding
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Adrian A. Franke
- University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Bernard A. Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Statistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rob M. van Dam
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Shelley S. Tworoger
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Santos MA, Florencio-Silva R, Teixeira CP, Sasso GRDS, Marinho DS, Simões RS, Simões MJ, Carbonel AF. Effects of early and late treatment with soy isoflavones in the mammary gland of ovariectomized rats. Climacteric 2015; 19:77-84. [PMID: 26606166 DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2015.1094783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Soy isoflavones have been shown to be an alternative to hormone therapy at menopause, without causing side-effects such as breast cancer. However, the effects of early and late treatment with isoflavones on the mammary gland remain controversial. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of early and late treatment with soy isoflavones on the mammary gland of ovariectomized rats. METHODS Thirty 3-month-old rats were ovariectomized and divided equally into groups: Control, treated with vehicle solution; or with 150 mg/kg/body weight of isoflavones by gavage; or subcutaneously treated with 10 μg/kg/body weight with 17β-estradiol. Treatments started 3 days (early treatment) or 30 days (late treatment) after ovariectomy and lasted for 30 consecutive days. Thereafter, the animals were euthanized and the mammary glands were removed and processed for paraffin embedding. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histomorphometry or subjected to immunohistochemical detection of Ki-67 and VEGF-A. RESULTS The ductal, lobular and total epithelial fractions were similar between controls and the early/late isoflavone groups, but they were significantly higher in the groups treated with estradiol. In both epithelial and stromal regions, the immunoreactivity of VEGF-A and the percentage of Ki-67-positive cells were significantly higher in the groups treated with estradiol, while they were similar in the early/late isoflavone groups and control groups. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that early and late treatment with soy isoflavones at the dose of 150 mg/kg/body weight does not show proliferative and angiogenic effects on the mammary gland of ovariectomized rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R Florencio-Silva
- b Morphology and Genetics , Universidade Federal De São Paulo , São Paulo
| | - C P Teixeira
- b Morphology and Genetics , Universidade Federal De São Paulo , São Paulo
| | | | - D Souza Marinho
- b Morphology and Genetics , Universidade Federal De São Paulo , São Paulo
| | - R S Simões
- c Gynecology, Universidade De São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - M J Simões
- b Morphology and Genetics , Universidade Federal De São Paulo , São Paulo
| | - A Ferraz Carbonel
- b Morphology and Genetics , Universidade Federal De São Paulo , São Paulo
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Weigt C, Hertrampf T, Flenker U, Hülsemann F, Kurnaz P, Fritzemeier KH, Diel P. Effects of estradiol, estrogen receptor subtype-selective agonists and genistein on glucose metabolism in leptin resistant female Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 154:12-22. [PMID: 26134426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The leptin resistant Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats are hyperphagic and become obese, but whereas the males develop type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the females remain euglycaemic. As estrogen deficiency is known to increase the risk of developing T2DM, we evaluated the role of ER subtypes alpha and beta in the development of glucose tolerance in leptin resistant ovariectomized (OVX) ZDF rats. At least six rats per group were treated with either vehicle (OVX), 17β-estradiol (E2), ER subtype-selective agonists (Alpha and Beta), or genistein (Gen) for 17 weeks. At the end of the treatment period a glucose tolerance assay was performed and the metabolic flux of (13)C-glucose for the E2 group was investigated. OVX ZDF rats treated with E2, Alpha, Beta, and Gen tolerated the glucose significantly better than untreated controls. E2 treatment increased absorbance/flux of (13)C-glucose to metabolic relevant tissues such liver, adipose tissue, gastrocnemius, and soleus muscle. Moreover, whereas Alpha treatment markedly increased mRNA expression of GLUT4 in gastrocnemius muscle, Beta treatment resulted in the largest fiber sizes of the soleus muscle. Treatment with Gen increased both the mRNA expression of GLUT 4 and the fiber sizes in the skeletal muscle. In addition, E2 and Alpha treatment decreased food intake and body weight gain. In summary, estrogen-improved glucose absorption is mediated via different molecular mechanisms: while activation of ER alpha seems to stimulate muscular GLUT4 functionality, activation of ER beta results in a hypertrophy of muscle fibers. In addition, selective activation of ER alpha decreased food intake and body weight gain. Our data further indicate that ER subtype-selective agonists and genistein improve systemic glucose tolerance also in the absence of a functional leptin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Weigt
- German Sports University Cologne, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Sports Medicine, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Köln, Germany.
| | - Torsten Hertrampf
- German Sports University Cologne, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Sports Medicine, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Köln, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Flenker
- German Sports University Cologne, Institute of Biochemistry, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Köln, Germany.
| | - Frank Hülsemann
- German Sports University Cologne, Institute of Biochemistry, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Köln, Germany.
| | - Pinar Kurnaz
- German Sports University Cologne, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Sports Medicine, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Köln, Germany.
| | | | - Patrick Diel
- German Sports University Cologne, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Sports Medicine, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Köln, Germany.
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Shakeri F, Taavoni S, Goushegir A, Haghani H. Effectiveness of red clover in alleviating menopausal symptoms: a 12-week randomized, controlled trial. Climacteric 2015; 18:568-73. [DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2014.999660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Poluzzi E, Piccinni C, Raschi E, Rampa A, Recanatini M, De Ponti F. Phytoestrogens in postmenopause: the state of the art from a chemical, pharmacological and regulatory perspective. Curr Med Chem 2014; 21:417-36. [PMID: 24164197 PMCID: PMC3963458 DOI: 10.2174/09298673113206660297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens represent a diverse group of non-steroidal natural products, which seem to have some oestrogenic effects and are often marketed as food supplements. Population exposed to phytoestrogens is potentially increasing, in part because an unfavourable risk-benefit profile of Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) for prolonged treatments (e.g., osteoporosis prevention) highlighted by the publication of the Women Health Initiative (WHI) trial in 2002, but also because many post-menopausal women often perceived phytoestrogens in food supplements as a safer alternative than HRT. Despite of increasing preclinical and clinical studies in the past decade, appealing evidence is still lacking to support the overall positive risk-benefit profile of phytoestrogens. Their status as food supplements seems to discourage studies to obtain new evidence, and the chance to buy them by user's initiative make it difficult to survey their prevalence and pattern of use. The aim of the present review is to: (a) outline the clinical scenario underlying the increased interest on phytoestrogens, by overviewing the evolution of the evidence on HRT and its main therapeutic goals (e.g., menopausal symptoms relief, chemoprevention, osteoporosis prevention); (b) address the chemical and pharmacological features (e.g. chemical structure, botanical sources, mechanism of action) of the main compounds (e.g., isoflavones, lignans, coumestans); (c) describe the clinical evidence on potential therapeutic applications; (d) put available evidence on their riskbenefit profile in a regulatory perspective, in light of the recent regulation on health claims of food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Fabrizio De Ponti
- Pharmacology Unit Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Via Irnerio, 48 I-40126 Bologna BO Italy.
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Abstract
Over the past 2 decades, soy foods have been the subject of a vast amount of research, primarily because they are uniquely rich sources of isoflavones. Isoflavones are classified as both phytoestrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators. The phytoestrogenic effects of isoflavones have led some to view soy foods and isoflavone supplements as alternatives to conventional hormone therapy. However, clinical research shows that isoflavones and estrogen exert differing effects on a variety of health outcomes. Nevertheless, there is substantial evidence that soy foods have the potential to address several conditions and diseases associated with the menopausal transition. For example, data suggest that soy foods can potentially reduce ischemic heart disease through multiple mechanisms. Soy protein directly lowers blood low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations, and the soybean is low in saturated fat and a source of both essential fatty acids, the omega-6 fatty acid linoleic acid and the omega-3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid. In addition, soflavones improve endothelial function and possibly slow the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis. Isoflavone supplements also consistently alleviate menopausal hot flashes provided they contain sufficient amounts of the predominant soybean isoflavone genistein. In contrast, the evidence that isoflavones reduce bone loss in postmenopausal women is unimpressive. Whether adult soy food intake reduces breast cancer risk is unclear. Considerable evidence suggests that for soy to reduce risk, consumption during childhood and/or adolescence is required. Although concerns have been raised that soy food consumption may be harmful to breast cancer patients, an analysis in 9514 breast cancer survivors who were followed for 7.4 y found that higher postdiagnosis soy intake was associated with a significant 25% reduction in tumor recurrence. In summary, the clinical and epidemiologic data indicate that adding soy foods to the diet can contribute to the health of postmenopausal women.
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Zhang Y, Schernthaner J, Labbé N, Hefford MA, Zhao J, Simmonds DH. Improved protein quality in transgenic soybean expressing a de novo synthetic protein, MB-16. Transgenic Res 2014; 23:455-67. [PMID: 24435987 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-013-9777-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To improve soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] seed nutritional quality, a synthetic gene, MB-16 was introduced into the soybean genome to boost seed methionine content. MB-16, an 11 kDa de novo protein enriched in the essential amino acids (EAAs) methionine, threonine, lysine and leucine, was originally developed for expression in rumen bacteria. For efficient seed expression, constructs were designed using the soybean codon bias, with and without the KDEL ER retention sequence, and β-conglycinin or cruciferin seed specific protein storage promoters. Homozygous lines, with single locus integrations, were identified for several transgenic events. Transgene transmission and MB-16 protein expression were confirmed to the T5 and T7 generations, respectively. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of developing seed showed that the transcript peaked in growing seed, 5-6 mm long, remained at this peak level to the full-sized green seed and then was significantly reduced in maturing yellow seed. Transformed events carrying constructs with the rumen bacteria codon preference showed the same transcription pattern as those with the soybean codon preference, but the transcript levels were lower at each developmental stage. MB-16 protein levels, as determined by immunoblots, were highest in full-sized green seed but the protein virtually disappeared in mature seed. However, amino acid analysis of mature seed, in the best transgenic line, showed a significant increase of 16.2 and 65.9 % in methionine and cysteine, respectively, as compared to the parent. This indicates that MB-16 elevated the sulfur amino acids, improved the EAA seed profile and confirms that a de novo synthetic gene can enhance the nutritional quality of soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfang Zhang
- Eastern Cereals and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A0C6, Canada
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Burich R, DeGregorio M. Current treatment options for vulvovaginal atrophy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/eog.11.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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49
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Katchy A, Pinto C, Jonsson P, Nguyen-Vu T, Pandelova M, Riu A, Schramm KW, Samarov D, Gustafsson JÅ, Bondesson M, Williams C. Coexposure to phytoestrogens and bisphenol a mimics estrogenic effects in an additive manner. Toxicol Sci 2013; 138:21-35. [PMID: 24284790 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC) are abundant in our environment. A number of EDCs, including bisphenol A (BPA) can bind to the estrogen receptors (ER), ERα and ERβ, and may contribute to estrogen-linked diseases such as breast cancer. Early exposure is of particular concern; many EDCs cross the placenta and infants have measurable levels of, eg, BPA. In addition, infants are frequently fed soy-based formula (SF) that contains phytoestrogens. Effects of combined exposure to xeno- and phytoestrogens are poorly studied. Here, we extensively compared to what extent BPA, genistein, and an extract of infant SF mimic estrogen-induced gene transcription and cell proliferation. We investigated ligand-specific effects on ER activation in HeLa-ERα and ERβ reporter cells; on proliferation, genome-wide gene regulation and non-ER-mediated effects in MCF7 breast cancer cells; and how coexposure influenced these effects. The biological relevance was explored using enrichment analyses of differentially regulated genes and clustering with clinical breast cancer profiles. We demonstrate that coexposure to BPA and genistein, or SF, results in increased functional and transcriptional estrogenic effects. Using statistical modeling, we determine that BPA and phytoestrogens act in an additive manner. The proliferative and transcriptional effects of the tested compounds mimic those of 17β-estradiol, and are abolished by cotreatment with an ER antagonist. Gene expression profiles induced by each compound clustered with poor prognosis breast cancer, indicating that exposure may adversely affect breast cancer prognosis. This study accentuates that coexposure to BPA and soy-based phytoestrogens results in additive estrogenic effects, and may contribute to estrogen-linked diseases, including breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Katchy
- * Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5056
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Tantikanlayaporn D, Wichit P, Weerachayaphorn J, Chairoungdua A, Chuncharunee A, Suksamrarn A, Piyachaturawat P. Bone sparing effect of a novel phytoestrogen diarylheptanoid from Curcuma comosa Roxb. in ovariectomized rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78739. [PMID: 24244350 PMCID: PMC3823985 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytoestrogens have been implicated in the prevention of bone loss in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Recently, an active phytoestrogen from Curcuma comosa Roxb, diarylheptanoid (DPHD), (3R)-1,7-diphenyl-(4E,6E)-4,6-heptadien-3-ol, was found to strongly promote human osteoblast function in vitro. In the present study, we demonstrated the protective effect of DPHD on ovariectomy-induced bone loss (OVX) in adult female Sprague-Dawley rats with 17β-estradiol (E2, 10 µg/kg Bw) as a positive control. Treatment of OVX animals with DPHD at 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg Bw for 12 weeks markedly increased bone mineral density (BMD) of tibial metaphysis as measured by peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (pQCT). Histomorphometric analysis of bone structure indicated that DPHD treatment retarded the ovariectomy-induced deterioration of bone microstructure. Ovariectomy resulted in a marked decrease in trabecular bone volume, number and thickness and these changes were inhibited by DPHD treatment, similar to that seen with E2. Moreover, DPHD decreased markers of bone turnover, including osteocalcin and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity. These results suggest that DPHD has a bone sparing effect in ovariectomy-induced trabecular bone loss and prevents deterioration of bone microarchitecture by suppressing the rate of bone turnover. Therefore, DPHD appears to be a promising candidate for preserving bone mass and structure in the estrogen deficient women with a potential role in reducing postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patsorn Wichit
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Arthit Chairoungdua
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aporn Chuncharunee
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Apichart Suksamrarn
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pawinee Piyachaturawat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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