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Matkovic J, McKenzie N, Sheu JJ, Glassman J, Kruse-Diehr AJ, Glassman T. A health communication campaign designed to improve study habits and wellness: A feasibility study. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:1651-1654. [PMID: 35881776 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2086436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Academic success and retention remain priorities on college campuses. Excessive cell phone use, test anxiety, and poor sleep habits are all associated with negative academic performance. OBJECTIVE To assess college students' perceptions of a health communication campaign designed to improve study habits and wellness behaviors during exams. METHOD Researchers used a cross-sectional research design to assess participants' (n = 264) perceptions of the study tip messages. Linear regressions were conducted to determine if the number of messages read was predictive of readiness to change. RESULTS Nearly all participants agreed that the messages were appealing (84.4%), believable (89.8%), relevant (91.5%), provided useful information (91.5%) and a good reminder of how to study (87.1%). Students who reported reading more messages indicated a higher level of readiness to improve their study habits (F(1,219) = 8.89, p = .003, R2 = .04). CONCLUSIONS Students found the messages useful; their intentions to study increased the more they were exposed to messages.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Matkovic
- School of Population Health, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Nicole McKenzie
- School of Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Jiunn-Jye Sheu
- School of Population Health, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Jennifer Glassman
- School of Intervention and Wellness, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Aaron J Kruse-Diehr
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Tavis Glassman
- School of Population Health, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
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2
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Wang Q, Chen Y, Li L. Effects of physical activity and self-control on mobile phone addiction in college students: a cross-lagged study in China. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1417379. [PMID: 39100561 PMCID: PMC11297356 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1417379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to investigate the impact of physical activity and self-control on college students' mobile phone addiction through cross-lagged longitudinal surveys, addressing the limitations of previous cross-sectional studies. Patients and methods A total of 414 college students were tracked three times during a 12-month period using the Physical Activity Rating Scale-3 (PARS-3), the Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale (MPATS), and the Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS). AMOS25.0 software was used to construct the cross-lagged relationship model, and the maximum likelihood approach was employed to investigate the model fitting. The asynchronous correlation between variables was investigated from the time series through the cross-lagged path coefficient. Results The fitting indexes of the cross-lagged model showed x 2/df = 5.098, GFI = 0.977, NFI = 0.969, IFI = 0.975, CFI = 0.974; RMSEA = 0.100, and SRMR = 0.030. The calculation conducted by combining the path coefficient of the model shows that PA and SC are the antecedent variables of MPA, and PA is the antecedent variable of SC. In addition, SC serves as a mediator in the path of PA, affecting MPA. Conclusion (1) physical activity can positively affect subsequent self-control; (2) physical activity can negatively influence subsequent mobile phone addiction; (3) self-control can negatively affect subsequent mobile phone addiction; and (4) physical activity can indirectly influence subsequent mobile phone addiction through self-control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghe Wang
- Department of Physical Education, Kyonggi University, Suwon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Yanke Chen
- School of Physical Education, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Physical Education, Kyonggi University, Suwon-si, Republic of Korea
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3
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Faust AM, Auerbeck A, Lee AM, Kim I, Conroy DE. Passive sensing of smartphone use, physical activity and sedentary behavior among adolescents and young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Behav Med 2024:10.1007/s10865-024-00499-x. [PMID: 38824462 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-024-00499-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
The research that links excessive screen time to adverse health outcomes is based on self-reported screen use. Few studies have documented how passively-sensed smartphone and app use relate to health behaviors like activity and sitting. Furthermore, they have not considered that daily fluctuations in smartphone/app use may have different relationships to these behaviors than a person's usual smartphone/app use. This study evaluated whether physical activity or sedentary (sitting) behavior are associated with either smartphone screen time or specific smartphone app use by adolescents and young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Adolescents and young adults aged 13-29 years wore activPAL4 micro activity monitors while their smartphones logged daily screen time and app use durations for nine days. Data were collected in 2020-2021 and analyzed in 2022-2023. Participants (N = 125) had a mean (SD) age of 19.7 (4.3) years. Participants' usual smartphone screen time was negatively associated with daily step counts. Daily deviations in smartphone screen time were negatively associated with daily step counts and moderate-vigorous physical activity durations. Time spent on Instagram, YouTube and, to a lesser extent, TikTok were linked with reduced activity levels. Daily sedentary behavior was not associated with usual or daily screen time. Interventions to promote physical activity during the transition into adulthood may benefit from limiting excessive smartphone screen time. Specific intervention targets could include limiting use of apps with infinite scrolling feeds algorithmically tuned to maintain user engagement, such as Instagram, YouTube and TikTok.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail M Faust
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Alexandria Auerbeck
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Alexandra M Lee
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Ian Kim
- Department of Population & Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David E Conroy
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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Pirwani N, Szabo A. Could physical activity alleviate smartphone addiction in university students? A systematic literature review. Prev Med Rep 2024; 42:102744. [PMID: 38707250 PMCID: PMC11068924 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Recently, the widespread surge in smartphone addiction (SA) has raised major global health concerns and prompted researchers to scrutinize the inverse relationship between physical activity (PA) and the risk of SA. This systematic literature review aims to synthesize the empirical research on the relationship between PA and SA among university students representing the most affected age group. Methods Adopting the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, we explored five databases: PubMed, Social Sciences Research Network (SSRN), Oxford Research Archive, Journal Storage (JSTOR), and Google Scholar. We used the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tools (MMAT) for quality assessment. Results Thirty-one studies met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-eight of them were cross-sectional, and three were experimental. The 31 studies emerged from 12 countries, most stemming (45.16%) from China. Their findings suggest an inverse relationship between PA and SA in the examined population. However, the direct relationship may be weak based on correlational studies, while intervention research yields noteworthy effects. Still, other factors like resilience may mediate the studied relationship. Methodological concerns render the results of correlational studies tentative. Conclusions Regular PA could be a promising preventive measure for SA. Future work should use objective PA indices in longitudinal research designs while assessing the type and duration of smartphone applications used via device meters. In correlational studies, interviews should follow up on the high SA risk or too much device use. In conclusion, moderate evidence indicates that PA can reduce SA among university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Pirwani
- Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Education, Faculty of Education and Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Szabo
- Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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Yang GH, Cao XX, Fu YY, Wang ND, Lian SL. Mobile phone addiction and academic burnout: the mediating role of technology conflict and the protective role of mindfulness. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1365914. [PMID: 38501091 PMCID: PMC10944904 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1365914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of Internet technology, more and more college students are facing the threat of mobile phone addiction. However, the relationship and underlying mechanism between mobile phone addiction and academic burnout haven't been explored in depth. This study proves the mediating role of technology conflict and the moderating role of mindfulness in the relation between mobile phone addiction and academic burnout. 752 college students were recruited to complete the questionnaire of mobile phone addiction, technology conflict, mindfulness and academic burnout. Results showed that mobile phone addiction was significantly and positively associated with academic burnout, and this relationship could be mediated by technology conflict. Besides, the direct effect of mobile phone addiction on academic burnout and the indirect effect of technology conflict in this link were moderated by mindfulness. Both these two effects are stronger for college students with lower level of mindfulness. Our findings enrich our understanding of how and when mobile phone addiction was related to academic burnout. Educational professionals and parents should take timely measure to the academic burnout of college students suffering from mobile phone addiction, particularly for those with lower level of mindfulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Hui Yang
- School of Education, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, China
| | - Xiao-Xuan Cao
- College of Education and Sports Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yan-Yan Fu
- College of Education and Sports Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Ning-Dan Wang
- School of Education, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, China
| | - Shuai-Lei Lian
- College of Education and Sports Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
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Costa PHP, Papa ACD, Carneiro A. Editorial Comment: Association between self-reported mobile phone use and the semen quality of young men. Int Braz J Urol 2024; 50:105-107. [PMID: 38166228 PMCID: PMC10947643 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2024.9904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Henrique Peixoto Costa
- Hospital Israelita Albert EinsteinDepartamento de UrologiaSão PauloSPBrasilDepartamento de Urologia, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brasil;
| | - Arthur Cardoso Del Papa
- Centro Universitário -FMABCDepartamento de UrologiaSanto AndréSPBrasilDepartamento de Urologia, Centro Universitário -FMABC, Santo André, SP, Brasil
| | - Arie Carneiro
- Hospital Israelita Albert EinsteinDepartamento de UrologiaSão PauloSPBrasilDepartamento de Urologia, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brasil;
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Kumar S, Rajasegaran R, Prabhakaran S, Mani T. Extent of Smartphone Addiction and its Association with Physical Activity Level, Anthropometric Indices, and Quality of Sleep in Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. Indian J Community Med 2024; 49:199-202. [PMID: 38425975 PMCID: PMC10900446 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_706_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Smartphone addiction among young adults is a growing concern that is often underestimated despite its significant health hazards. The objective of this study was to assess the extent of smartphone addiction and its association with physical activity level, anthropometric indices, and quality of sleep in young adults. Material and Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among 138 allied health sciences undergraduates of a tertiary care medical school in Puducherry, South India. The participants' extent of smartphone addiction, physical activity, and sleep quality were assessed using the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS), International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), respectively. Anthropometric indices (body mass index [BMI], waist-to-hip [W: H] ratio, waist-to-height [W: Ht] ratio, Conicity Index, and A Body Shape Index [ABSI]) were also measured following standardized procedures. Correlations between smartphone addiction, physical activity, anthropometric indices, and sleep quality were evaluated using Pearson's/Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result Over 50% of participants showed smartphone addiction and poor sleep quality. Although a significant negative correlation was observed between SAS scores and physical activity levels, significant positive correlations were noted between SAS scores and BMI and SAS and PSQI scores. Conclusion Smartphone addiction is associated with decreased physical activity, increased BMI, and poor sleep quality in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research Institute (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Rajalakshmi Rajasegaran
- Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research Institute (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Soundararajan Prabhakaran
- Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research Institute (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Thenmozhi Mani
- Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Coyne P, Woodruff SJ. Taking a Break: The Effects of Partaking in a Two-Week Social Media Digital Detox on Problematic Smartphone and Social Media Use, and Other Health-Related Outcomes among Young Adults. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:1004. [PMID: 38131860 PMCID: PMC10740995 DOI: 10.3390/bs13121004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite their increasing popularity, especially among young adults, there is a dearth of research examining the effectiveness of digital detoxes focused on restricting or limiting social media use. As such, the purpose of this exploratory study was to create and carry out a social media digital detox among young adults and evaluate its effectiveness with regards to smartphone and social media addiction, as well as several health-related outcomes. Additionally, the study also sought to obtain an understanding of participants' experiences and perceptions regarding the digital detox via semi-structured exit interviews in order to improve and maximize the effectiveness of future social media digital detox interventions. Thirty-one young adults completed a two-week social media digital detox (preceded by a two-week baseline period and followed up by a two-week follow-up period), whereby their social media use was limited to 30 min per day. A series of one-way repeated measures analyses of variance revealed that a two-week social media detox improved smartphone and social media addiction, as well as sleep, satisfaction with life, stress, perceived wellness, and supportive relationships. Thematic analysis of exit interviews also revealed eight themes: feelings, effort to detox, adjustment period, the Goldilocks effect, screen to screen, post-detox binge, progress not perfection, and words of wisdom, all of which provide contextualization of the quantitative findings and valuable insights for future detoxes. In conclusion, the findings of this exploratory study provide initial support for the use of social media digital detoxes, suggesting that limiting usage can have beneficial effects with regards to smartphone and social media addiction, as well as many other health-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige Coyne
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Sarah J. Woodruff
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada;
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9
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Xu CY, Zhu KT, Ruan XY, Zhu XY, Zhang YS, Tong WX, Li B. Effect of physical exercise on sleep quality in college students: Mediating role of smartphone use. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288226. [PMID: 37922266 PMCID: PMC10624267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of physical exercise on sleep quality and the mediating effect of smartphone use behavior in college students. METHODS A cross-sectional study design was adopted. An online survey of 5,075 college students was conducted using the Physical Activity Rating Scale-3, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale. RESULTS The sleep quality of college students was poor, and the proportion of college students with good sleep quality was 23.567%. A significant correlation existed between sleep quality and physical exercise (r = -0.159, P < 0.001) and mobile phone addiction (r = 0.355, P < 0.001). Physical exercise can predict sleep quality in college students (β = -0.011, P < 0.001). Smartphone use plays a part in mediating the process by which physical exercise affects sleep quality. CONCLUSION Chinese college students have poor sleep quality. Physical exercise and smartphone use behavior are important factors affecting the sleep quality of college students. Physical exercise can directly predict the sleep quality of college students and can predict the sleep quality of college students through the mediating effect of smartphone use behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Yi Xu
- Ministry of Sports, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning China
| | - Kai-Tuo Zhu
- Graduate School, Kyonggi University, Suwon City, Korea
| | | | - Xiao-Ya Zhu
- Physical Education College, Shangqiu University, Shangqiu, China
| | - Yang-Sheng Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Nanjing Xiao zhuang University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Xia Tong
- Physical Education College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Bo Li
- Institute of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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10
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Zhu L, Hou J, Zhou B, Xiao X, Wang J, Jia W. Physical activity, problematic smartphone use, and burnout among Chinese college students. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16270. [PMID: 37842034 PMCID: PMC10576493 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between physical activity (PA), problematic smartphone use (PSU), and burnout, as well as to identify whether there is a mediating role for PSU. We recruited 823 college students (Mage = 18.55, SD = 0.83) from Wuhan, China, in December 2022, including 499 males and 324 females. Demographic information, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV), and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS) were used for assessments. Pearson correlation analysis showed that PA was significantly associated with PSU (r = -0.151, p < 0.001), PSU was significantly associated with burnout (r = 0.421, p < 0.001), and the association between PA and burnout was not statistically significant (r = -0.046, p > 0.05). The results of the mediation model test showed that PA could not predict burnout directly; it instead predicted burnout entirely indirectly through PSU. Furthermore, PSU mediated the predictive effect of PA on exhaustion and cynicism. In conclusion, there is no direct connection between PA levels and burnout. PA indirectly affects burnout through PSU, but does not fully apply to the three different dimensions of exhaustion, cynicism, and professional efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghao Zhu
- School of Physical Education, Hubei Business College, Wuhan, China
| | - Junli Hou
- School of Physical Education, Hubei Business College, Wuhan, China
| | - Bojun Zhou
- School of Kinesiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Xiao
- School of Physical Education, Hubei Business College, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingqiang Wang
- School of Physical Education, Hubei Business College, Wuhan, China
| | - Wanping Jia
- Center for International Education, Philippine Christian University, Manila, Philippines
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11
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Liu Y, Zhang H, Xu R. The impact of technology on promoting physical activities and mental health: a gender-based study. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:298. [PMID: 37775753 PMCID: PMC10542252 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01348-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical inactivity is a significant public health concern globally, associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases and detrimental effects on both physical and mental health. Technologically based interventions have emerged as a potential solution to promote physical activity engagement and improve mental health outcomes. However, understanding the effectiveness of these interventions and the role of gender in their outcomes is essential for developing tailored strategies. OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine the effectiveness of technologically based interventions in promoting physical activity and improving mental health outcomes, with a specific focus on gender differences. METHODOLOGY This study employed a three-phase mixed methods research design. Phase one was an experimental phase where 300 participants were randomly assigned to intervention or control groups. The intervention group received a technologically based physical activity intervention, while the control group did not. Physical activity levels and mental health outcomes were assessed before and after the intervention. Phase two involved qualitative interviews with a subset of participants (n = 20) from the intervention group. These interviews explored motivations and barriers to physical activity, aiming to uncover personal factors influencing engagement. Thematic analysis was used to identify recurring themes. Phase three utilized a quantitative survey to compare motivations and barriers between males and females. The survey, administered to a larger sample, included participants from both intervention and control groups. It assessed various factors and allowed for a quantitative comparison of gender differences. FINDINGS findings indicated that the intervention improved the mental health and physical activities level of the intervention groups. Findings also there are 8 motivations for and barriers to using technology in physical activities. Male and females' scores on some of the motivations and barriers were statistically significant. CONCLUSION technology plays an important role in improving the mental health and physical activities of adults. Findings can be used by health care centers, digital psychologists, and physical trainers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Liu
- School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Hongxue Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450044, Henan Province, China
| | - Ruilin Xu
- School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Nikolic A, Bukurov B, Kocic I, Vukovic M, Ladjevic N, Vrhovac M, Pavlović Z, Grujicic J, Kisic D, Sipetic S. Smartphone addiction, sleep quality, depression, anxiety, and stress among medical students. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1252371. [PMID: 37744504 PMCID: PMC10512032 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1252371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Studies consistently link excessive smartphone use to poor sleep quality, depression, anxiety, and stress. This study specifically aimed to investigate these associations among medical students in Belgrade and Nis (Central Serbia). Materials and methods The cross-sectional study included a sample of 761 students, who were selected from both the Faculties of Medicine at the University of Belgrade and the University of Nis. Questionnaires, including the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF), Smartphone Addiction Scale - Short Version (SAS-SV), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale - 21 items (DASS-21), were completed by the participants. Statistical analysis techniques, such as the Chi-square test, student's t-test, and logistic regression, were employed to examine the relationship between smartphone addiction, physical activity, sleep quality, depression, anxiety, and stress. Results The findings indicated a prevalence of smartphone addiction among medical students at 21.7%, with rates of 22.9% among males and 21.1% among females. Females exhibited significantly higher scores on the SAS-SV scale compared to males (p = 0.032). Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed significant associations between smartphone addiction and spending over 4 h daily on smartphones (OR = 2.39; p < 0.001), poor sleep quality (OR = 1.65; p = 0,005), as well as elevated levels of stress (OR = 1.75; p = 0.003), anxiety (OR = 2.04; p < 0.001), and depression (OR = 2.29; p < 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis identified spending more than 4 h daily on smartphones (OR = 2.39; p < 0.001) and increased levels of depression (OR = 2.51; p < 0.001) as independent significant factors associated with smartphone addiction. Conclusion This study sheds light on the prevalence of smartphone addiction among medical students, with spending excessive time on smartphones and higher levels of depression standing out as significant factors. Future research should delve into the underlying mechanisms and causal relationships between smartphone addiction and these psychosocial factors. Understanding these connections will aid in developing effective interventions and strategies to tackle this growing public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Nikolic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Epidemiology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojana Bukurov
- Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Clinical Center of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ilija Kocic
- Covid Hospital Krusevac, University Clinical Center of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Milica Vukovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Social Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikola Ladjevic
- Urology Hospital, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miljana Vrhovac
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorana Pavlović
- Clinic for Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University Clinical Center of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovan Grujicic
- University of Arkansans for Medical Science, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Darija Kisic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Epidemiology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sandra Sipetic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Epidemiology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Jeong A, Ryu S, Kim S, Park HK, Hwang HS, Park KY. Association between Problematic Smartphone Use and Physical Activity among Adolescents: A Path Analysis Based on the 2020 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey. Korean J Fam Med 2023; 44:268-273. [PMID: 37743790 PMCID: PMC10522472 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.22.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity is known to prevent several diseases and positively affect mental health. Previous studies have shown that smartphone addiction negatively affects the physical activity of children and adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between problematic smartphone use and physical activity among adolescents and the related factors using path analysis. METHODS Using data from the 16th Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey from 2020, scores on the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version for Adolescents, physical activity, sex, socioeconomic status (SES), academic performance, depression, smoking, drinking, and sitting time were assessed. Complex sampling and path analyses were performed. RESULTS Of the total 54,948 students, 25.5% were smartphone risk users, including potential and high-risk users. The direct path coefficients of each factor indicated that female sex (-0.14 for male), low SES (-0.062), high academic performance (0.056), low sitting time for studying purposes (-0.033), high sitting time for non-studying purposes (0.071), and depressive mood (0.130) were related to problematic smartphone use (all P<0.001). Each factor affected problematic smartphone use, and subsequently had a negative effect on the amount of physical activity, with a direct path coefficient of -0.115 (P<0.001). CONCLUSION In this study, we confirmed that problematic smartphone use among adolescents was negatively associated with performing an adequate amount of physical activity and that various factors, such as sex, SES, academic performance, and sitting time, directly and indirectly affected this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahnhyun Jeong
- Department of Family Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soorak Ryu
- Biostatistical Consulting and Research Lab, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Solji Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoon-Ki Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwan-Sik Hwang
- Department of Family Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kye-Yeung Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Cai S, Zhong P, Dang J, Liu Y, Shi D, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Hu P, Ma J, Dong Y, Song Y. Associations between combinations of 24-h movement behaviors and physical fitness among Chinese adolescents: Sex and age disparities. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:1779-1791. [PMID: 37309995 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the relationship between 24-h movement behaviors and adolescents' physical fitness, with sex difference and age disparity explored specifically. METHODS A total of 135 852 Chinese adolescents aged 13-22 years were included in this cross-sectional study. Self-reported 24-h movement behavioral times, including moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), recreational screen, and sleep, were identified as meeting guidelines based on Canadian recommendations. Physical fitness indicator (PFI) was calculated through sex- and age-specific z scores of body mass index, forced vital capacity, 50 m dash, sit-and-reach, standing long jump, body muscle strength, and endurance running, and then classified as: low level (<20th), middle level (20th-80th), and high level (>80th). Mixed effect logistic regression was applied to analyze the association, and interaction terms were constructed to prove the sex and age disparities. RESULTS Only 12.4% of adolescents aged 13-22 years met all three recommendations. The number of meeting guidelines exhibited a typical dose-response relationship with high level PFI (OR = 1.22 [95% CI: 1.19-1.25]), and in detail, meeting MVPA + recreational screen (OR = 2.29 [95% CI: 2.09-2.51]) or MVPA-only (OR = 2.16 [95% CI: 1.93-2.41]) guidelines were better associated with high-level PFI. Besides, meeting MVPA-only guideline was proved with stronger association with high-level PFI for boys (p-interaction = 0.005). The dose-response relationship in boys of the number of guidelines met with PFI was stronger in 19- to 22-year-olds (p-interaction <0.001) and 16- to 18-year-olds (p-interaction = 0.001) than that in 13- to 15-year-olds. CONCLUSION The prevalence of meeting 24-h movement behaviors guidelines among Chinese adolescents aged 13-22 years was relatively low. It was associated with adolescents' physical fitness, with meeting MVPA + recreational screen or MVPA-only guidelines bringing greater benefits, and sex difference and age disparity existing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Cai
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Panliang Zhong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajia Dang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfei Liu
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Di Shi
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyue Chen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yihang Zhang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Peijin Hu
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhui Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Song
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
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15
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Bartshe M, Coughenour C, Stephen H. The relationship between tree canopy and social capital on physical activity in college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:1705-1714. [PMID: 34314667 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1947299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rates of physical activity (PA) are low, especially among college students. Tree canopy and social capital have been correlated with higher rates of PA. This study assessed the relationship between tree canopy and social capital on minutes of PA. PARTICIPANTS Students from the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, located in Southern Nevada, were surveyed on social capital and self-reported minutes of PA. METHODS Tree canopy coverage was calculated within a 1 km walk buffer around each participant's home. Logistic regression was used to determine if tree canopy and social capital predicted meeting PA recommendations of 150 minutes/week. RESULTS 42.4% of participants met the PA recommendations and males were more likely than females to meet them (odds ratio [OR] = 0.517). Social capital was a significant predictor of PA (OR = 1.308) while tree canopy was not. CONCLUSIONS Exploration of social capital to increase PA and further investigations into correlates of PA for college students in sprawling desert environments are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Bartshe
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, UNLV School of Public Health, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Courtney Coughenour
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, UNLV School of Public Health, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Haroon Stephen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction, Howard R. Hughes College of Engineering, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
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Abojedi A, Alsheikh Ali AS, Basmaji J. Assessing the Impact of Technology Use, Social Engagement, Emotional Regulation, and Sleep Quality Among Undergraduate Students in Jordan: Examining the Mediating Effect of Perceived and Academic Stress. Health Psychol Res 2023; 11:73348. [PMID: 37025559 PMCID: PMC10070257 DOI: 10.52965/001c.73348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The quality of sleep is affected by several psychological factors. University students experience different types of stress and develop various strategies to cope with it. This study assesses the impact of technology use, social engagement, emotional regulation, and sleep quality among undergraduate students in Jordan, while examining the mediating effect of perceived and academic stress. A convenience sample of 308 undergraduate students was selected from the University of Jordan. The results indicated that the study model was fit, with significant direct negative impacts of social engagement, time management, and emotional regulation on perceived stress. Additionally, there was a significant direct negative relationship between technology use, time management, and emotional regulation on academic stress. The results show indirect significant standardized effects of social engagement, time management, and emotional regulation on the quality of sleep through the mediation of perceived stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjed Abojedi
- Psychology and Counseling Department, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
- Resilience Counseling Research and Consultation, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Judy Basmaji
- London Cross Cultural Learner Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Awinashe MV, Jain A, Santhosh VC, Choudhury BK, Alessa N, Babaji P. Smartphone addiction and its impact on knowledge, cognitive and psychomotor skills among dental students in India: An observational study. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2023; 12:77. [PMID: 37288416 PMCID: PMC10243427 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1330_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Addictive behavior toward the use of smartphones has turned out to be a commonly present phenomenon in this digital era. An individual's overindulgence in smartphone devices has turned into an obsessive and compulsive disorder. This addiction has been found to influence the physical, social, and psychological wellbeing of the studied population. This observational study aimed to assess smartphone addiction and its impact on knowledge, cognitive, and psychomotor skills in students pursuing dentistry in India. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective and cross-sectional survey-based study comprised 100 dental undergraduate students who were selected by a random sampling technique. The age range of subjects ranged between 18 and 22 years with equal gender distribution (50 each male and female). A prevalidated questionnaire containing 30 items encompassing five variables, that is, applications related to healthcare, entertainment, shopping, communication, and education were used to assess the response. Based on scores, patients were categorized as addicted or with no addiction. For evaluating the knowledge, cognitive, and psychomotor skills of students, theory-based examinations were held in different subjects as per the semester year of selected students while psychomotor skills were assessed by conducting clinical or preclinical examinations conducted by two separate examiners who following mutual agreement were assigned appropriate scores. All scores were categorized into four grades, that is, from grades I to VI. RESULTS Students with smartphone addiction exhibited lower performance in both theory-based and clinical/preclinical assessment examinations with a majority of them scoring grade III or IV. CONCLUSION Smartphone addiction reduces the academic knowledge, cognitive, and psychomotor skills of dental students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minal V Awinashe
- Department of Oral Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraidah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Amol Jain
- Reader, Department of Oral Pathology, Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - V C Santhosh
- Department of Periodontics, KMCT Dental College, Kerala, India
| | - Basanta K Choudhury
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, IDS, Sum Hospital, Soa University, Kalinganagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Noura Alessa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Dental College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prashant Babaji
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Sharavathi Dental College, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India
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18
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Correlation of Socio-Economic Factors, Diet, and Ownership of Consumer Electronics with Body Mass Index in Women of Childbearing Age: Insights from the 2016 South African Demographic Health Survey. WOMEN 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/women3010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The available evidence indicates a correlation between owning consumer electronics, such as cellphones and televisions, and a higher risk of obesity and increased adiposity. However, such studies are sparse in South Africa. Thus, the aim of this study is to examine the dietary and sociodemographic factors associated with various BMI categories, including the possession of consumer electronics, among women of reproductive age in South Africa. This is a secondary study of a population registry that includes dietary, BMI, and digital use items among women of reproductive age. The data is from the South Africa Demographic Health Survey (SADHS, 2016). Of the 3363 participants included in the analysis, women of normal weight were (35.5%), pre-obese (34.5%), obese (27.1%) and underweight (2.9%). Age was found to be significantly associated with pre-obesity at a <0.05 confidence interval. Owning a cellphone was significantly associated with being underweight and had 55% increased odds (1–0.45) (OR = 0.45; 95% CI 0.26–0.77, p = 0.004). Using internet almost daily was statistically significant with being underweight and had 55% (1–0.45) increased odds of being underweight (OR = 0.45; 95% CI 0.20–1.01, p = 0.054). Owning a cellphone and internet use was found to be significantly associated with being underweight. More research is needed to understand why cellphone ownership and using internet almost daily are significantly associated with being underweight.
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19
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Henemann GM, Schmitgen MM, Wolf ND, Hirjak D, Kubera KM, Sambataro F, Bach P, Koenig J, Wolf RC. Cognitive domain-independent aberrant frontoparietal network strength in individuals with excessive smartphone use. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2023; 329:111593. [PMID: 36724625 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Excessive smartphone use (ESU) may fulfill criteria for addictive behavior. In contrast to other related behavioral addictions, particularly Internet Gaming Disorder, little is known about the neural correlates underlying ESU. In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to acquire task data from three distinct behavioral paradigms, i.e. cue-reactivity, inhibition, and working memory, in individuals with psychometrically defined ESU (n = 19) compared to controls (n-ESU; n = 20). The Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI) was used to quantify ESU-severity according to a novel five-factor model (SPAI-I). A multivariate data fusion approach, i.e. joint Independent Component Analysis (jICA) was employed to analyze fMRI-data derived from three separate experimental conditions, but analyzed jointly to detect converging and domain-independent neural signatures that differ between persons with vs. those without ESU. Across the three functional tasks, jICA identified a predominantly frontoparietal system that showed lower network strength in individuals with ESU compared to n-ESU (p < 0.05 FDR-corrected). Furthermore, significant associations between frontoparietal network strength and SPAI-I's dimensions "time spent" and "craving" were found. The data suggest a frontoparietal cognitive control network as cognitive domain-independent neural signature of excessive and potentially addictive smartphone use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudrun M Henemann
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Mike M Schmitgen
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Nadine D Wolf
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Dusan Hirjak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Katharina M Kubera
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Fabio Sambataro
- Department of Neurosciences, Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Patrick Bach
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Julian Koenig
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Cologne, Germany
| | - Robert Christian Wolf
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Germany.
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20
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Lee ST, Dutta MJ, Luk P, Kaur-Gill S, Lin J. Health Orientation as a Psychographic Framework for Understanding Physical Exercise Behavior. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023; 38:460-467. [PMID: 34325580 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2021.1956037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The consistent association between regular physical exercise and positive health outcomes presents a compelling case for investigating the differences between individuals who exercise regularly and those who do not. Based on a randomized cross-sectional survey of 1,201 households, this study adopts a psychographic framework to investigate the role of health orientation in physical exercise behavior. This study extends the concept of health orientation, operationalized as five psychographic subscales (health information orientation, preventative orientation, exercise orientation, healthy eating orientation, and health information efficacy) as well as three behavioral constructs (sedentary behavior, BMI and cigarette smoking) to understand physical exercise behavior. The results show significant differences between regular exercisers and non-exercisers, and suggest that a psychographic framework based on health orientation could offer a more holistic approach for understanding physical exercise behavior by highlighting the treatment of the whole individual. Physical exercise, as a specific health behavior, is in fact interlinked with other health behaviors through an underlying health orientation toward health issues in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seow Ting Lee
- Department of Advertising, Public Relations & Media Design, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Mohan J Dutta
- Center for Culture-Centered Approach to Research and Evaluation (CARE), School of Communication, Journalism, & Marketing, Massey University
| | - Pauline Luk
- Bau Institute of Medical and Health Sciences Education, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - Satveer Kaur-Gill
- Chua Thian Poh Community Leadership Center, National University of Singapore School of Communication, Journalism and Marketing
| | - Julian Lin
- Department of Communication and New Media, National University of Singapore
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21
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Precht LM, Mertens F, Brickau DS, Kramm RJ, Margraf J, Stirnberg J, Brailovskaia J. Engaging in physical activity instead of (over)using the smartphone: An experimental investigation of lifestyle interventions to prevent problematic smartphone use and to promote mental health. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GESUNDHEITSWISSENSCHAFTEN = JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2023:1-19. [PMID: 36785655 PMCID: PMC9909154 DOI: 10.1007/s10389-023-01832-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Aim Tendencies of problematic smartphone use (PSU) have risen during the past decade. As PSU is consistently linked to mental health issues, measures to prevent its appearance and to promote mental health are urgently required. Subject and Methods The present study investigated the impact of three interventions on health behavior, PSU, positive mental health (PMH), and depression and anxiety symptoms. Overall, 503 persons from Germany (M age = 29.19, SD age = 10.51, range: 18-79) participated in the study. Over 14 days, the three experimental groups (a) reduced their daily smartphone use time by 60 minutes, (b) increased their daily level of physical activity by 30 minutes, and (c) combined both measures. The control group continued its behavior as usual. Outcomes were assessed via online surveys at five measurement time points (baseline, intermediate, post-intervention, and 1 and 3 months after the intervention). Results All interventions resulted in a significant increase in weekly physical activity and in reduced symptoms of PSU, depression, and anxiety. Furthermore, the smartphone reduction and the combination of both measures contributed to a significant reduction of participants' daily smartphone use and higher levels of PMH. The effects of the reduction of smartphone use time and its combination with increased physical activity were more stable in the longer term than the increase in physical activity only. Conclusion Combined with an increase in physical activity, the reduction of smartphone use time could serve as an efficient and cost-effective measure for the prevention of PSU and the promotion of mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena-Marie Precht
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Massenbergstr. 9-13, 44787 Bochum, Germany
| | - Franziska Mertens
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Massenbergstr. 9-13, 44787 Bochum, Germany
| | - Debora S. Brickau
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Massenbergstr. 9-13, 44787 Bochum, Germany
| | - Romy J. Kramm
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Massenbergstr. 9-13, 44787 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jürgen Margraf
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Massenbergstr. 9-13, 44787 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jan Stirnberg
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Massenbergstr. 9-13, 44787 Bochum, Germany
| | - Julia Brailovskaia
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Massenbergstr. 9-13, 44787 Bochum, Germany
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22
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Brodersen K, Hammami N, Katapally TR. Is excessive smartphone use associated with weight status and self-rated health among youth? A smart platform study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:234. [PMID: 36737745 PMCID: PMC9896672 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15037-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Canada, it is recommended that youth limit screen time to less than two hours per day, yet, the majority of youth are reportedly spending a significantly higher amount of time in front of a screen. This is particularly concerning given that these recommendations do not take into account smartphone devices, which is the most common screen time technology of choice for the younger generations. This study implements an innovative approach to understanding screen time behavior and aims to investigate the unique relationship between smartphone specific screen time and physical health outcomes. METHODS This cross-sectional study is part of the Smart Platform, a digital epidemiological and citizen science initiative. 436 youth citizen scientists, aged 13-21 years, provided all data via their own smartphones using a custom-built smartphone application. Participants completed a 124-item baseline questionnaire which included validated self-report surveys adapted to collect data specifically on smartphone use (internet use, gaming, and texting), demographic characteristics, and physical health outcomes such as weight status and self-rated health. Binary regression models determined the relationship between smartphone use and physical health outcomes. RESULTS Overall participants reported excessive smartphone use in all categories. 11.4% and 12% of the 436 youth participants reported using their smartphone excessively (greater than 2 h per day) during the week and weekend respectively for gaming and were over 2 times more likely than their peers to fall within an overweight/obese BMI status. Excessive weekend gaming was also associated with self-rated health where participants were over 2 times more likely than their peers to report poor self-rated health. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that excessive screen time on smartphones does have complex associations with youth health. Further investigation with more robust study designs is needed to inform smartphone-specific screen time guidelines for youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Brodersen
- grid.57926.3f0000 0004 1936 9131Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Regina, 2155 College Ave, Regina, Saskatchewan S4M 0A1 Canada
| | - Nour Hammami
- Trent University Durham, 55 Thornton Road South, Oshawa, Ontario L1J 5Y1 Canada
| | - Tarun Reddy Katapally
- DEPtH Lab, School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada. .,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada. .,Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, N6C2R5, Canada.
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23
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Han Y, Qin G, Han S, Ke Y, Meng S, Tong W, Guo Q, Li Y, Ye Y, Shi W. Effect of Mobile Phone Addiction on Physical Exercise in University Students: Moderating Effect of Peer Relationships. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2685. [PMID: 36768051 PMCID: PMC9915063 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The influence of mobile phone addiction (MPA) on physical exercise in university students was explored, and peer relationships were introduced as a moderating variable. METHODS A cross-sectional study design was adopted, and an online survey questionnaire was conducted to investigate two universities in Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, and Chongzuo City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. A total of 4959 university students completed the questionnaire. Measurement tools included the Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale, the Physical Activity Rating Scale, and the Peer Rating Scale of university students. RESULTS University students scored 39.322 ± 15.139 for MPA and 44.022 ± 7.735 for peer relationships, with 87.8% of their physical exercise, in terms of exercise grade, being classified as medium or low intensity. The MPA of the university students was negatively correlated with peer relationships (r = -0.377, p < 0.001) and physical exercise behavior (r = -0.279, p < 0.001). The moderating effect of peer relationships on the MPA-physical exercise behavior relationship was significant (ΔR2 = 0.03, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The physical exercise of university students was at a medium or low intensity. The more serious the university students' addiction to mobile phones was, the lower the amount of physical exercise. The physical activity of males was higher than that of females. MPA and peer relationships were the limiting factors of the physical exercise behavior of university students. Under the lower effect of peer relationship regulation, MPA had a greater negative impact on physical exercise behavior. The data from this research can provide theoretical support to improve the participation of university students in physical activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Han
- Institute of Sports Science, Kyunggi University, Suwon 449701, Republic of Korea
| | - Guoyou Qin
- Physical Education Institute, Hanjiang Normal University, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Shanshan Han
- Institute of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Youzhi Ke
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shuqiao Meng
- Physical Education College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Wenxia Tong
- Physical Education College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Physical Education College, Shangqiu University, Shangqiu 476000, China
| | - Yaxing Li
- Physical Education College, Shangqiu University, Shangqiu 476000, China
| | - Yupeng Ye
- School of Physical Education, Jing-Gang-Shan University, Ji’an 343009, China
| | - Wenya Shi
- Physical Education College, Guangxi Minzu Normal University, Chongzuo 532200, China
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Saraiva M, Vilas-Boas JP, Fernandes OJ, Castro MA. Effects of Motor Task Difficulty on Postural Control Complexity during Dual Tasks in Young Adults: A Nonlinear Approach. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:628. [PMID: 36679423 PMCID: PMC9866022 DOI: 10.3390/s23020628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have evaluated the effect of a secondary motor task on the standing posture based on nonlinear analysis. However, it is helpful to extract information related to the complexity, stability, and adaptability to the environment of the human postural system. This study aimed to analyze the effect of two motor tasks with different difficulty levels in motor performance complexity on the static standing posture in healthy young adults. Thirty-five healthy participants (23.08 ± 3.92 years) performed a postural single task (ST: keep a quiet standing posture) and two motor dual tasks (DT). i.e., mot-DT(A)—perform the ST while performing simultaneously an easy motor task (taking a smartphone out of a bag, bringing it to the ear, and putting it back in the bag)—and mot-DT(T)—perform the ST while performing a concurrent difficult motor task (typing on the smartphone keyboard). The approximate entropy (ApEn), Lyapunov exponent (LyE), correlation dimension (CoDim), and fractal dimension (detrending fluctuation analysis, DFA) for the mediolateral (ML) and anterior-posterior (AP) center-of-pressure (CoP) displacement were measured with a force plate while performing the tasks. A significant difference was found between the two motor dual tasks in ApEn, DFA, and CoDim-AP (p < 0.05). For the ML CoP direction, all nonlinear variables in the study were significantly different (p < 0.05) between ST and mot-DT(T), showing impairment in postural control during mot-DT(T) compared to ST. Differences were found across ST and mot-DT(A) in ApEn-AP and DFA (p < 0.05). The mot-DT(T) was associated with less effectiveness in postural control, a lower number of degrees of freedom, less complexity and adaptability of the dynamic system than the postural single task and the mot-DT(A).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Saraiva
- RoboCorp Laboratory, i2A, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Vilas-Boas
- Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- LABIOMEP-UP, Faculty of Sports and CIFI2D, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Orlando J. Fernandes
- Sport and Health Department, School of Health and Human Development, University of Évora, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), University of Évora, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
| | - Maria António Castro
- RoboCorp Laboratory, i2A, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Coimbra, CEMMPRE, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal
- Sector of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
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Li R, Li T, Xie Y, Zhai S, Qu Y, Zhang D, Zou L, Yang Y, Wu X, Tao F, Tao S. Smartphone Use and Inflammation at 2-Year Follow-Up in College Students: The Mediating Role of Physical Activity. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:1509-1519. [PMID: 37138701 PMCID: PMC10150736 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s411043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Smartphone use could lead to being physically inactive and a greater risk for health problems, such as inflammation. However, the associations between smartphone use, physical activity (PA), and systemic low-grade inflammation remained unclear. This study aimed to examine the potential mediating effect of PA on the association between smartphone use and inflammation. Patients and Methods A two-year follow-up study was conducted between April 2019 and April 2021. Duration of smartphone use, smartphone dependence and PA were assessed by a self-administered questionnaire. Laboratory analysis of blood samples was performed to evaluate the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and CRP as biomarkers of systemic inflammation. The correlations between smartphone use, PA, and inflammation were analyzed using Pearson correlation. Structural equation modelling was used to analyze the potential mediating effect of PA on the associations between smartphone use and inflammation. Results A total of 210 participants were included with a mean (standard deviation) age of 18.7 (1.0) years, 82 (39%) of whom were males. Smartphone dependence was negatively associated with the total PA level (r=-0.18, P<0.01). PA mediated the associations between the duration of smartphone use and smartphone dependence with inflammatory markers. Specifically, as PA decreased, the duration of smartphone use was more negatively associated with TNF-α (ab=-0.027; 95% CI: -0.052, -0.007) and more positively correlated to IL-6 (ab=0.020; 95% CI: 0.001, 0.046) and CRP (ab=0.038; 95% CI: 0.004, 0.086); smartphone dependency was more negatively associated with TNF-α (ab=-0.139; 95% CI: -0.288, -0.017) and more positively related to CRP (ab=0.206; 95% CI: 0.020, 0.421). Conclusion Our study illustrates that there are no direct associations between smartphone use and systemic low-grade inflammation, however, PA level plays a weak but significant mediating effect on the associations between smartphone use and inflammation among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Li
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuang Zhai
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Qu
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liwei Zou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, 230032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yajuan Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, 230032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People’s Republic of China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, 230032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People’s Republic of China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, 230032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuman Tao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, 230032, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Shuman Tao, Email
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Prial A, Zhu X, Bol L, Williams MR. The impact of moderate physical activity and student interaction on retention at a community college. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:154-161. [PMID: 33734951 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1881103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of a voluntary walking program that combined moderate physical activity and student interaction on student retention at a community college. Methods: A sample of 69 students at a suburban community college voluntarily joined a walking program and logged the number of minutes they walked and the number of people they spoke to each day. Using a Chi-Squared Test of Independence, the study sample was compared to a matched sample of nonparticipating students. Results: There was a significant difference in these groups relative to retention. A Fisher's Exact Test was used to consider (a) the difference between participants who walked at least 150 minutes per week Reference (1) and those who did not relative to retention and (b) the difference between participants who interacted while walking and those who did not relative to retention. These tests showed no significant differences. Conclusions: Participation in the walking program was significantly associated with retention, but amount of moderate activity or interaction was not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Prial
- Academic Affairs, Orange County Community College, Middletown, New York, USA
| | - Xihe Zhu
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Linda Bol
- Department of Educational Foundations and Leadership, Darden College of Education and Professional Studies, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Viriginia, USA
| | - Mitchell R Williams
- Department of Educational Foundations and Leadership, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
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Dong X, Huang F, Starratt G, Yang Z. Trend in health-related physical fitness for Chinese male first-year college students: 2013-2019. Front Public Health 2023; 11:984511. [PMID: 36935701 PMCID: PMC10014614 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.984511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Physical fitness is a health indicator contributing to the prevention of non-communicable diseases that threaten public health. Studies across a number of global populations indicate that physical fitness is generally declining. This study investigated the trend in physical fitness of Chinese male first-year college students from 2013 to 2019 to offer critical information for fostering individual and public health. Methods This study used archival data and a natural experiment design capturing 4 years of data prior to implementation of the Healthy China 2030 initiative and 3 years following. Physical fitness tests were based on the Chinese national student physical fitness standards for males including body mass index, vital capacity, standing-long-jump, sit-and-reach, pull-ups, 50 m sprint, and 1,000 m run. Because the physical fitness tests set different standards for males and females, female data will be reported separately. Data from a total of 3,185 Chinese male first-year college students from a private university in Hebei Province of China were included in the study. A one-way multivariate analysis of variance was used for analyzing the research data. Results The results indicated an overall significant difference in health-related physical fitness of Chinese male first-year college students, with scores on health indicators generally declining from 2013 to 2019. Despite improvement on some fitness variables in some years, performance on virtually all indicators was diminished compared to baseline years. Discussion These findings can contribute to the existing global literature in the field of public health showing general declines in physical fitness. Chinese universities have the opportunity to support Healthy China 2030 goals and cultivate individuals' physical fitness by offering physical education course that encourage college students to participate in moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activities in order to support physical fitness development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Dong
- Department of Physical Education, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Fan Huang
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Gerene Starratt
- Adrian Dominican School of Education, Barry University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Zheyi Yang
- Physical Education Institute, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Zheyi Yang
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Kulikowski K, Przytuła S, Sułkowski Ł, Rašticová M. Technostress of students during COVID-19 - a sign of the time? HUMAN TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.14254/1795-6889.2022.18-3.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
University students are considered digital natives but they often have difficulties in the effective integration of information technology (IT) into their study routine. To unravel this puzzle we proposed a model of IT effects on students' well-being, based on the Job Demands-Resources theory, one of the most widely used models of human well-being in organizational contexts. We described three processes affecting students’ well-being. A techno-stress process generates strain via an increase in study demands. A techno-enrichment process sparks motivation through the creation of energizing study techno-resources. A dual-nature techno-challenge process sparks motivation but also creates strain. Our elaboration might help to reconcile conflicting findings on the role of IT in remote learning and contribute to a better understanding of the effect of IT on students. The proposed theoretical model might also spark further empirical research and provide guidelines for research on IT use in university learning.
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Huang PC, Chen JS, Potenza MN, Griffiths MD, Pakpour AH, Chen JK, Lin YC, Hung CH, O'Brien KS, Lin CY. Temporal associations between physical activity and three types of problematic use of the internet: A six-month longitudinal study. J Behav Addict 2022; 11:1055-1067. [PMID: 36427199 PMCID: PMC9881666 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2022.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Internet use has become an important part of daily living. However, for a minority it may become problematic. Moreover, problematic use of the Internet/smartphone (PUIS) has been associated with low physical activity. The present study investigated the temporal associations between three types of PUIS (i.e., problematic smartphone use [PSPU], problematic social media use [PSMU] and problematic gaming [PG]) and physical activity among Taiwanese university students. Methods A six-month longitudinal survey study comprising three time points for assessments was conducted. From the original 974 participants, a total of 452 completed all three waves of an online survey comprising the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) assessing physical activity level, Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale (SABAS) assessing PSPU, Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) assessing PSMU, and Internet Gaming Disorder Short Form (IGDS9-SF) assessing PG. Results The linear mixed effects model found positive temporal associations of PSMU and PG with physical activity level (PSMU: B = 85.88, SE = 26.24; P = 0.001; PG: B = 36.81, SE = 15.17; P = 0.02). PSPU was not associated with physical activity level (B = 40.54, SE = 22.99; P = 0.08). Additionally, the prevalence rates were 44.4% for at-risk/PSPU, 24.6% for at-risk/PSMU, and 12.3% for at-risk/PG. Discussion and Conclusions PSMU and PG unexpectedly demonstrated correlations with higher physical activity level. The nature of these relationships warrants additional investigation into the underlying mechanisms in order to promote healthy lifestyles among university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Ching Huang
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Sheng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Amir H. Pakpour
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Ji-Kang Chen
- Department of Social Work, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Yi-Ching Lin
- Department of Early Childhood and Family Education, National Taipei University of Education, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsia Hung
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kerry S. O'Brien
- School of Social Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
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Bonilla DA, Sánchez-Rojas IA, Mendoza-Romero D, Moreno Y, Kočí J, Gómez-Miranda LM, Rojas-Valverde D, Petro JL, Kreider RB. Profiling Physical Fitness of Physical Education Majors Using Unsupervised Machine Learning. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:146. [PMID: 36612474 PMCID: PMC9819558 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The academic curriculum has shown to promote sedentary behavior in college students. This study aimed to profile the physical fitness of physical education majors using unsupervised machine learning and to identify the differences between sexes, academic years, socioeconomic strata, and the generated profiles. A total of 542 healthy and physically active students (445 males, 97 females; 19.8 [2.2] years; 66.0 [10.3] kg; 169.5 [7.8] cm) participated in this cross-sectional study. Their indirect VO2max (Cooper and Shuttle-Run 20 m tests), lower-limb power (horizontal jump), sprint (30 m), agility (shuttle run), and flexibility (sit-and-reach) were assessed. The participants were profiled using clustering algorithms after setting the optimal number of clusters through an internal validation using R packages. Non-parametric tests were used to identify the differences (p < 0.05). The higher percentage of the population were freshmen (51.4%) and middle-income (64.0%) students. Seniors and juniors showed a better physical fitness than first-year students. No significant differences were found between their socioeconomic strata (p > 0.05). Two profiles were identified using hierarchical clustering (Cluster 1 = 318 vs. Cluster 2 = 224). The matching analysis revealed that physical fitness explained the variation in the data, with Cluster 2 as a sex-independent and more physically fit group. All variables differed significantly between the sexes (except the body mass index [p = 0.218]) and the generated profiles (except stature [p = 0.559] and flexibility [p = 0.115]). A multidimensional analysis showed that the body mass, cardiorespiratory fitness, and agility contributed the most to the data variation so that they can be used as profiling variables. This profiling method accurately identified the relevant variables to reinforce exercise recommendations in a low physical performance and overweight majors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A. Bonilla
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- Research Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia
- Sport Genomics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Isabel A. Sánchez-Rojas
- Grupo de Investigación Ciencias Aplicadas al Ejercicio, Deporte y Salud—GICAEDS, Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá 205070, Colombia
| | - Darío Mendoza-Romero
- Grupo de Investigación Ciencias Aplicadas al Ejercicio, Deporte y Salud—GICAEDS, Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá 205070, Colombia
| | - Yurany Moreno
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
| | - Jana Kočí
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- Department of Education, Faculty of Education, Charles University, 11636 Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Daniel Rojas-Valverde
- Núcleo de Estudios para el Alto Rendimiento y la Salud (NARS-CIDISAD), Escuela Ciencia del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional, Heredia 863000, Costa Rica
- Clínica de Lesiones Deportivas (Rehab&Readapt), Escuela Ciencia del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional, Heredia 863000, Costa Rica
| | - Jorge L. Petro
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia
| | - Richard B. Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Human Clinical Research Facility, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Guo MM, Wang XZ, Koh KT. Association between physical activity, sedentary time, and physical fitness of female college students in China. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:502. [PMID: 36476426 PMCID: PMC9727854 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-02108-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior research has highlighted the importance of Physical Activity (PA), Sedentary Time (ST), and Physical Fitness (PF) for health. However, there is limited research on the association between PA, ST, and PF in the context of female college students, particularly in Eastern cultures. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the association between PA, ST, and PF among Eastern female college students to inform policy and practice. METHODS The study was conducted from February to May 2022 at East China Normal University, Shanghai, China. A total of 512 Chinese female college students participated in this study through snowball sampling. Participants' PA and ST were investigated using the International PA Questionnaire, and PF was measured using the Chinese National Student Physical Fitness Test. Independent samples t-test and binary logistic regression were used to compare the differences in PF between Active Participants (AP) and Inactive Participants (IP), as well as between Low Sedentary Participants (LSP) and High Sedentary Participants (HSP). Multinomial logistic regression was used to compare the differences in PF between Active and Low Sedentary Participants (ALSP), Active and High Sedentary Participants (AHSP), Inactive and Low Sedentary Participants (ILSP), and Inactive and High Sedentary Participants (IHSP). Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 28. The level of significance was set at 0.05. RESULTS AP showed significantly higher cardiorespiratory fitness (p < 0.05) and overall fitness (p < 0.01) than IP. Compared to IP, AP was less likely to be classified as unfit in terms of cardiorespiratory fitness [Odds Ratio (OR), 0.57; 95% Confidence Interval (CI), 0.38-0.85; p < 0.05]. Compared to IHSP, ALSP (OR, 0.44; 95% CI 0.25-0.76; p < 0.01) and AHSP (OR, 0.54; 95% CI 0.32-0.93; p < 0.05) were less likely to be classified as unfit in terms of cardiorespiratory fitness. Furthermore, compared to IHSP, AHSP (OR, 1.66; 95% CI 1.02-2.70; p < 0.05) and ILSP (OR, 2.09; 95% CI 1.16-3.77; p < 0.05) were more likely to be classified as unfit in terms of their flexibility. CONCLUSION There was a positive association between PA, cardiorespiratory fitness, and overall fitness. There was also an association between cardiorespiratory fitness, flexibility, and the combination of PA and ST. These findings suggest that both PA and ST can influence different PF items. Therefore, we recommend that public health policy and practice for college female students should consider PF items when selecting different PA and ST intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ming Guo
- grid.22069.3f0000 0004 0369 6365College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241 China
| | - Xiao Zan Wang
- grid.22069.3f0000 0004 0369 6365College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241 China
| | - Koon Teck Koh
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361Physical Education & Sports Science, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637616 Singapore
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Scarabottolo CC, Tebar WR, Araújo Guerra PH, Martins CMDL, Ferrari G, Beretta VS, Christofaro DGD. Association between Different Domains of Sedentary Behavior and Health-Related Quality of Life in Adults: A Longitudinal Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16389. [PMID: 36554270 PMCID: PMC9778904 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Extended periods of time on screen devices and sitting are the main activities that characterize sedentary behavior (SB), which negatively impacts the quality of life. This negative influence was demonstrated mainly by cross-sectional studies performed in high-income countries in which the effects of screen time on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is not considered. Thus, we analyzed the association between the different domains of SB (i.e., subdomains of screen time-television, computer, cellphone) and the HRQoL in adults that live in Brazil during two years of follow-up. The sample included 331 adults. Subdomains of screen time (i.e., watching television, using computers, and cellphones) and of HRQoL (i.e., physical functioning, role-physical, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role-emotional, mental health, and current health perception) were assessed by a structured questionnaire and SF-36, respectively. Our results indicate a significant increase in screen time during the two years of follow-up. Linear regression models indicated that although domains of SB were differently associated with HRQoL, in general, screen time was negatively associated with social functioning and positively associated with physical functioning during locomotion and activities of daily living (ADL), role-physical (i.e., physical issues during work and ADLs), and role-emotional (i.e., emotional issues during work and ADLs) after the two-year follow-up. In conclusion, screen time may positively or negatively influence some domains of HRQoL in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Covolo Scarabottolo
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Physical Education Department, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, Brazil
| | - William Rodrigues Tebar
- Center of Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gerson Ferrari
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia 7500912, Chile
| | - Victor Spiandor Beretta
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Physical Education Department, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, Brazil
| | - Diego Giulliano Destro Christofaro
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Physical Education Department, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, Brazil
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Hwang IW, Choe JP, Park JH, Lee JM. Association between Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Satisfaction with Sleep Fatigue Recovery and Smartphone Dependency among Korean Adolescents: An Age- and Gender-Matched Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16034. [PMID: 36498107 PMCID: PMC9739357 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify the association between physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), satisfaction with sleep fatigue recovery (SSFR), and smartphone dependency in South Korean adults. We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2020 data. We selected participants who answered Internet addiction-related questions as “Very much” (n = 241) and answered Internet addiction-related questions as “Not at all” (n = 241) in the questionnaire. The participants were matched by age and gender, then divided into two groups. Between the two groups, there were considerable differences in the number of days participating in moderate to vigorous PA (5 days or more, p = 0.01), the number of strength training days (1 day, p = 0.02), the number of light PA days for more than 60 min (every day for the last 7 days, p = 0.01), and the SSFR over the past 7 days (p < 0.05). Additionally, the mean smartphone usage time and mean sedentary behavior time between the two groups showed significant differences. The study demonstrated that there were significant associations between PA, SB, SSFR, and smartphone dependency among Korean adolescents matched by age and gender. Additionally, this study highlights the importance of increasing overall PA and number of days participating in MVPA, decreasing SB time and smartphone usage time could reduce the incidence of smartphone overdependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Whi Hwang
- Graduate School of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University (Global Campus), 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17014, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Pil Choe
- Graduate School of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University (Global Campus), 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17014, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hui Park
- School of Public Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 212 Adriance Lab Rd., College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Sports Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University (Global Campus), 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17014, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University (Global Campus), 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17014, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Tong WX, Li B, Han SS, Han YH, Meng SQ, Guo Q, Ke YZ, Zhang JY, Cui ZL, Ye YP, Zhang Y, Li HL, Sun H, Xu ZZ. Current Status and Correlation of Physical Activity and Tendency to Problematic Mobile Phone Use in College Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15849. [PMID: 36497924 PMCID: PMC9741295 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of problematic mobile phone use on college students' physical activity and their relationships. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 3980 college students from three universities in Jiangsu province by random cluster sampling. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short (IPAQ-SF) measured college students' physical activity. The Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale for College Students (MPATS) measured problematic mobile phone use tendencies. College students' physical activity was measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short (IPAQ-SF), and the Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale measured their mobile phone addiction tendency for College Students (MPATS). RESULTS (1) The proportions of the low-, medium-, and high-intensity physical activity were 83.5%, 10.7%, and 5.8%, respectively, with gender differences; The score of problematic mobile phone use tendency was 38.725 ± 15.139. (2) There were significant differences in problematic mobile phone use tendency among college students with different physical activity intensity (F = 11.839, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.007). (3) The level of physical activity was significantly correlated with the tendency of problematic mobile phone use (r = -0.173, p < 0.001). (4) Physical activity of college students could significantly predict the tendency of problematic mobile phone use (F (3,3605) = 11.296, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The physical activity of college students was mainly moderate to low intensity, while the tendency of problematic mobile phone use was high. College students' physical activity level was one of the important constraints of problematic mobile phone use tendency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xia Tong
- Physical Education College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Bo Li
- Institute of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Shan-Shan Han
- Institute of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Ya-Hui Han
- Institute of Sports Science, Kyunggi University, Suwon 449701, Republic of Korea
| | - Shu-Qiao Meng
- Physical Education College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Physical Education College, Shangqiu University, Shangqiu 476000, China
| | - You-Zhi Ke
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jun-Yong Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Henan University of Economics and Law, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhong-Lei Cui
- Physical Education College, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China
| | - Yu-Peng Ye
- School of Physical Education, Jing-Gang-Shan University, Ji’an 343009, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Institute of Sports and Health, Zhengzhou Shengda University, Zhengzhou 451191, China
| | - Hua-Lan Li
- School of Physical Education, Jiangxi University of Applied Science, Nanchang 330100, China
| | - He Sun
- School of Physical Education, Heihe University, Heihe 164300, China
| | - Zhan-Zheng Xu
- School of Physical Education, Zhengzhou University (Headquarters), Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Ou-Yang Q, Liu Q, Song PY, Wang JW, Yang S. The association between academic achievement, psychological distress, and smartphone addiction: A cross-sectional study among medical students. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2022; 28:1201-1214. [PMID: 36411542 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2022.2148697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the relationship between academic achievement, psychological distress, and smartphone addiction in medical students. In total, 513 medical students voluntarily completed a survey that included the Personal Information Questionnaire, the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV), the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and the Interaction Anxiousness Scale (IAS). Results showed that 321 participants were screened positive for smartphone addiction and the prevalence of smartphone addiction was 62.6%. We found that the prevalence of smartphone addiction was higher among male rather than female students (67.1% vs 58.2%; p = 0.039). There were significant differences between the smartphone addiction group and the smartphone non-addiction group as per the DASS-21 scores and the IAS scores. In addition, multiple regression indicated that psychological distress including anxiety, stress, depression, and social anxiety might be the predictors of smartphone addiction. However, smartphone addiction was found to have no significant correlation with academic performance in 274 undergraduate medical students. In conclusion, the study revealed the high prevalence of smartphone addiction in medical students. Smartphone addiction was associated with states of depression, anxiety, stress, and social anxiety, and there was no significant relationship between academic performance and smartphone addiction in undergraduate medical students. Further longitudinal research is needed to clarify the causal relationship between smartphone addiction and psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Ou-Yang
- Department of Nephrology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Xiangya medical school, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Peng-Yu Song
- Xiangya medical school, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian-Wen Wang
- Department of Nephrology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shikun Yang
- Department of Nephrology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Wang Y, Li Y. Physical activity and mental health in sports university students during the COVID-19 school confinement in Shanghai. Front Public Health 2022; 10:977072. [PMID: 36304249 PMCID: PMC9595595 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.977072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In 2022, Shanghai was seriously affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The government implemented citywide static management for 2 months, as well as all universities in Shanghai, which changed the normal learning and living style of sports students and led to a decline in physical activity level. As the physical activity has a strong correlation with mental health, this study aimed to investigate the current state of physical activity (PA) and mental health of the students in Shanghai University of Sport. It will try to reveal the correlation between PA and depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, fear of COVID-19 and smartphone addiction. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted on a random sample of 400 students who came from six different majors in May 2022 at the Shanghai University of Sport. Respondents completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF), the Chinese version of the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Chinese version of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), the Chinese version of the COVID-19 Fear Scale (FCV- 19S), and the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS-SV). Demographics, PA, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, fear of COVID-19, and smartphone addiction were compared. A binary logistic regression model was used for the further analysis. Results A total of 376 college students were included in the final analysis. Binary logistics analysis showed that moderate physical activity (MPA) was negatively correlated with depression (OR = 0.95, 95%CI = 0.93-0.98), anxiety (OR = 0.97, 95%CI = 0.95-0.99), fear of COVID 19(OR = 0.99, 95%CI = 0.98-0.99)and smartphone addiction (OR = 0.94, 95%CI = 0.9-0.98) (all P < 0.05). Sedentary behavior was positively correlated with smartphone addiction (OR = 1.01, P < 0.01, 95%CI = 1.001-1.004). Conclusion There was an association between the presence of MPA and depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, fear of COVID-19, smartphone addiction, and sedentary behavior associated with smartphone addiction levels. Clarifying the causal relationship between PA and mental health will require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Youqiang Li
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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Du Z, Zhang X. Analysis of the mediating effects of self-efficacy and self-control between physical activity and Internet addiction among Chinese college students. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1002830. [PMID: 36211939 PMCID: PMC9539857 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1002830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It explores the roles of self-efficacy and self-control in physical activity and Internet addiction. And it further provides a theoretical basis for the treatment and improvement of Internet addiction among college students. This study employs the whole group sampling method. The questionnaire was conducted on 855 college students from five universities in three provinces using the Physical Activity Level Scale, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Self-Control Scale, and the Chinese Internet Addiction Scale (IAS). The analyses yielded three main findings. (1) A large amount of physical activity was helpful in reducing the symptoms of Internet addiction and the problematic status of each dimension among college students. (2) A large or moderate amount of physical activity was helpful in enhancing college students’ self-efficacy. Besides, a large amount of physical activity was likely to enhance college students’ self-control. (3) The condition of physical activity not only directly has the negative correlation with college students’ Internet addiction but also influences college students’ Internet addiction through two indirect ways: the mediating role of self-control and the chain mediating role of self-efficacy and self-control. These conclusions provide a deeper understanding of the protective factors of Internet addiction among Chinese college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Du
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Research Center for Sports-Medicine Integration Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiuli Zhang,
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Alcaraz ML, Labonté-LeMoyne É, Lupien S, Sénécal S, Cameron AF, Bellavance F, Léger PM. Stress can lead to an increase in smartphone use in the context of texting while walking. Front Psychol 2022; 13:760107. [PMID: 36160540 PMCID: PMC9496168 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.760107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Texting while walking (TWW) is a dangerous behavior that can lead to injury and even death. While several studies have examined the relationship between smartphone use and stress, to our knowledge no studies have yet investigated the relationship between stress and TWW. The objective of the present study was to investigate this relationship by examining the effects of stress on TWW, the effects of TWW on subsequent stress, and the effect of stress on multitasking performance. A total of 80 participants completed two sequential tasks in a laboratory while they walked on a treadmill and responded to a biological motion stimulus imitating the movement of another pedestrian. In the unrestricted task, participants were given the choice to use their personal phones. In the controlled task, they carried a text conversation with a research assistant while they walked and responded to the stimulus. Stress was measured via questionnaire and saliva collection for measure of cortisol (a stress hormone) before and after each task. Results show that greater psychological stress and cortisol variations were associated with a greater number of phone uses during the unrestricted task. Greater phone use during the unrestricted task was associated with lower subsequent psychological stress in women and total time of phone use was correlated with subsequent cortisol levels. Stress measured before the controlled task had no effect on multitasking performance, but participants with moderate performance were those with the highest cortisol levels. Our results suggest that stress could be a precursor to TWW and that it could affect a pedestrian’s ability to stay safe when using their smartphone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sonia Lupien
- Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvain Sénécal
- HEC Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Sylvain Sénécal,
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Ryu S, Jang H, Oh H. Smartphone Usage Patterns and Dietary Risk Factors in Adolescents. J Nutr 2022; 152:2109-2116. [PMID: 35511219 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whereas earlier studies have shown that traditional screen time such as TV watching influences dietary behaviors in adolescents, little is known about the effects of modern screen time such as smartphone use. OBJECTIVES We examined the associations of smartphone usage duration and content type with dietary risk factors among adolescents. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using a nationally representative sample of 54,601 middle- and high-school students (aged 12-18 y; 26,928 boys and 27,673 girls) in the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey 2017. Smartphone use (average duration and most frequently used content type) and dietary intakes [frequent breakfast skipping; less frequent intakes of fruits and vegetables; more frequent intakes of instant noodles, fast food, chips/crackers, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs)] were self-reported via an online-based questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to estimate ORs and 95% CIs for the associations of smartphone usage duration and content type with prevalence of dietary risk factors, adjusting for potential confounders. All analyses accounted for complex survey sampling. RESULTS Prolonged smartphone use (≥300 compared with 1-59 min/d) was associated with (OR; 95% CI) higher prevalence of frequent breakfast skipping (1.60; 1.45, 1.76); frequent intakes of instant noodles (1.65; 1.47, 1.84), fast food (1.36; 1.20, 1.53), and SSBs (1.92; 1.75, 2.11); and less frequent intakes of fruits (1.44; 1.30, 1.59) and vegetables (1.32; 1.18, 1.47). Adjusting for usage duration, using smartphones mainly for messenger/e-mail, social networking service (SNS)/forum, and games were associated with less frequent intakes of fruits (OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.31; OR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.17, 1.40; and OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.32, respectively) and vegetables (OR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.37; OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.40; and OR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.40, respectively) than was using smartphones for education/information search. Using smartphones mainly for messenger/e-mail (OR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.35) and SNS/forum (OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.29) were also associated with more frequent intake of SSBs. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that both duration and content type of smartphone use are independently associated with dietary risk factors among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seaun Ryu
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hajin Jang
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hannah Oh
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Health Policy and Management, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lin B, Teo EW, Yan T. The Impact of Smartphone Addiction on Chinese University Students' Physical Activity: Exploring the Role of Motivation and Self-Efficacy. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:2273-2290. [PMID: 36039111 PMCID: PMC9419891 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s375395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies showed that smartphone addiction (SA) can lead to reduced physical activity (PA), but only a few studies have explored the impact of SA from psychological perspective closely related to PA. This study aimed to examine the extrinsic and partial psychological factors leading to decrease in PA using structural equation modelling analysis. Methods We conducted an online survey on 628 males and 1159 female students from 10 universities in Henan Province, China, through a questionnaire survey application “Questionnaire Star”. This study used three models to test the mediating effects of three types of motives (intrinsic motives, body-related motives, and social motives) and self-efficacy, respectively, in the relationship between smartphone addiction and physical activities. Results Our result confirmed that smartphone addiction leads to lower physical activities. Secondly, self-efficacy mediates smartphone addiction and physical activities, but the mediating effect of all three types of motivation is not significant. Thirdly, smartphone addiction did not affect intrinsic motivation and body-related motivation, but positively affects social motivation. Finally, as the motivation type changes from internal to external, the mediating effect of self-efficacy becomes stronger. Conclusion This study showed that smartphone addiction lead to increase social motivation and decreased self-efficacy, and is a potential barrier to personal participation in physical activities. Our findings provide a new perspective for future design physical activities interventions in China and worldwide especially among university students where smartphone addiction is a problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Lin
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,School of Physical Education, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Eng Wah Teo
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tingting Yan
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,School of Physical Education, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
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Sedentary Behaviors and Health Outcomes among Young Adults: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10081480. [PMID: 36011137 PMCID: PMC9408295 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10081480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to review and provide an informative synthesis of the findings from longitudinal studies that describe the relationship between sedentary behavior and various health outcomes among young adults. Methods: A literature search was conducted in Web of Science, PubMed, APA PsycInfo, MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for articles that examined the association between sedentary behavior and health outcomes among young adults aged 18–34 years. Two reviewers independently examined the articles and performed data extraction and quality assessment. The level of evidence was determined using the best-evidence synthesis. Results: A total of 34 studies were included in the analysis, 18 of which were high-quality studies. On the basis of inconsistency in the findings among studies, insufficient evidence was concluded for sedentary behavior and adiposity indicators, physical fitness, metabolic syndrome/cardiovascular disease risk factors, cognitive function, and mood disorders. Based on one high-quality study, moderate evidence for a negative relationship between sedentary behavior and physical fitness was observed. Conclusions: Given the trend toward increased time in sedentary behaviors and the inconsistent current findings, additional longitudinal studies of high methodologic quality are recommended to clarify the relationships between sedentary behavior and health outcomes among young adults.
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The Relationship between Cellphone Usage on the Physical and Mental Wellbeing of University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159352. [PMID: 35954709 PMCID: PMC9368281 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: The study aims to examine the use of cell phones on physical and mental health status and their impact on personality among university students. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire. The association of physical and mental health variables with the demographic variables was examined using Pearson’s correlation and χ2-test. The binary logistic regression model was further used to predict the probabilities of negative impact on personality due to excessive use of cell phones. (3) Results: A total of 400 participants participated with a mean age of 24.45 ± 3.45 years. The average eye strain was more in High cell phone users HCPU than in LCPU and that difference was significant p = 0.000. The average neck pain was more in (HCPU) than Low cell phone users (LCPU) and there was a significant difference between the two groups with p = 0.006. The average weight gain was more in HCPU than LCPU and that difference was significant p = 0.000. Considering back pain, back pain was found more in HCPU as compared to LCPU with a statistical difference at p = 0.027. Cell phone usage significantly correlated with eye strain (r = 0.577, p = 0.000), neck pain (r = 0.543, p = 0.000), back pain (r = 0.611, p = 0.000), weight gain (r = 0.423, p = 0.000), depression (r = 0.430, p = 0.000), loneliness (r = −0.276, p = 0.002), and mood disorder (r = 0.608, p = 0.000). Eye strain, neck pain, and back pain was observed more in HCPU than in LCPU. HCPU felt they gained more weight when compared to the respondents in the LCPU group. HCPU felt more changes in mood and feeling low when compared to the LCPU, while LCPU group felt more lonelier when compared to the HCPU group. (4) Conclusions: The study highlights a significant association between excess use of cell phones and negative effects on physical and mental health wellbeing. Based on the results, it is recommended that more physical activities and alternative to minimize cell phone usage should be planned for the students. Public health policy makers and stakeholder need to address the ill effects of excessive use of cell phones through novel policies., especially young students, and alternatives to reduce their cell phone activities.
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Kim E, Lee K. Relationship between Smartphone Addiction and Sleep Satisfaction: A Cross-Sectional Study on Korean Adolescents. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10071326. [PMID: 35885851 PMCID: PMC9315475 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10071326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between smartphone addiction and sleep satisfaction in 54,948 Korean adolescents. This study utilized the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey (KYRBS). The dependent variable was sleep satisfaction. Independent variables were smartphone addiction level and usage time. Gender, school grade, stress, depression, regular physical activity (PA), asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis were selected as confounding variables. A chi-squared test, logistic regression, and independent t-test were performed for data analysis. As a result of the chi-squared test, sleep satisfaction showed significant relationships with all confounding variables (all p < 0.001). As a result of adjusting all confounding variables, sleep satisfaction of smartphone normal users was significantly higher (odds ratios: 1.372, p < 0.001) than that of high-risk users with smartphone addiction. Smartphone users with a daily smartphone usage time from 2 h to 8 h a day were 1.096−1.347 times (p = 0.014 to p < 0.001) more likely to be satisfied with their sleep than smartphone users with a daily smartphone usage time over 8 h, who were unsatisfied with their sleep. The group that was not satisfied with their sleep had a significantly higher average daily smartphone usage time and total score on the smartphone addiction scale than the group that was satisfied with their sleep (both p < 0.001). In conclusion, it will be necessary to manage the use of smartphones to improve the sleep satisfaction of Korean adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eonho Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea;
| | - Kihyuk Lee
- Department of Sport Culture, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Kim SE, Kang HK. Influences of Playfulness on Smartphone Dependency among Upper Grades of Korean Elementary Schoolers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127185. [PMID: 35742434 PMCID: PMC9222577 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A paucity of research has addressed the relationship between each psychological construct of playfulness and smartphone dependency, and the purpose of this research is to understand how each psychological construct of playfulness, including physical animation, social engagement, mental spontaneity, emotional fluidity, and humorous perspective playfulness, influences smartphone dependency of the upper grades of elementary schoolers. For this purpose, a total of 278 questionnaires was analyzed for descriptive, correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The correlation analysis showed that respondents’ age positively and parents’ education levels negatively correlates to smartphone dependency. The multiple regression analyses showed that physical animation playfulness and emotional fluidity playfulness negatively and social engagement playfulness positively influence smartphone dependency of the respondents. The findings indicate that to reduce smartphone dependency among elementary schoolers, physical animation and emotional fluidity playfulness need to be promoted. The findings also suggest that each component of playfulness has distinctive advantages and disadvantages of developmental processes in childhood, and more future research endeavors need to be directed to understand the role of playfulness in children’s behaviors and cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Eon Kim
- Department of Police Science, Kyungnam University, Changwon 51767, Korea;
| | - Hyoung-Kil Kang
- Department of Physical Education, Kyungnam University, Changwon 51767, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Frequency of watching television, owning a mobile phone and risk of being overweight/obese among reproductive-aged women in low- and lower-middle-income countries: A pooled analysis from Demographic and Health Survey data. J Biosoc Sci 2022; 55:509-522. [PMID: 35575105 DOI: 10.1017/s0021932022000207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
People who are overweight and obese suffer from significant health impacts that have increased globally. Concurrently, usage of information and communication devices such as television and mobile phones have also been growing, affecting people's weight. This study examined the association between watching television and owning a mobile phone with overweight and obesity among reproductive-aged women in low- and lower-middle-income countries (LLMICs). Data of 21 LLMICs reported between 2015 and 2020 were collected from the Demographic and Health Surveys. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine the association into three pooled segments: a group of 21 countries, the World Bank income classification and the regional categorisation of the countries. The all-inclusive prevalence of overweight or obesity was found at 27.1% among 175,370 reproductive-aged women, and this prevalence varied among countries. Overall, the odds of being overweight or obese were 1.20 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15-1.24), 1.40 (AOR=1.40, 95% CI: 1.35-1.44) and 1.18 (AOR=1.18, 95% CI: 1.03-1.35) times higher among those who watched television less than once a week, at least once a week and almost every day, respectively, compared with those who did not watch television. Besides, women's mobile phone ownership is more likely to experience overweight or obesity (AOR=1.72, 95% CI: 1.67-1.77). Consistent results were found for the countries categorised according to the World Bank income and regional classification. Focus on sedentary behaviour, such as television watching and mobile phone use, of women and regional or country-specific innovative strategies and programs are of great immediate importance to decrease the prevalence of overweight and obesity.
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Lee JW, Park SJ, Kim S, Chung US, Han DH. The Association Between Temperament and Characteristics, Smartphone App Use Patterns and Academic Performance of University Students. J Korean Med Sci 2022; 37:e143. [PMID: 35502506 PMCID: PMC9062277 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smartphone use patterns may predict daily life efficacy and performance improvements in sports. Additionally, personal characteristics may be associated with smartphone overuse. METHODS We investigated the correlation between the temperament and character inventory (TCI) and academic performance using smartphone log data. We hypothesized that the elite and general groups, divided based on academic performance, differed according to the TCI and downloadable smartphone apps (applications). Additionally, we hypothesized a correlation between smartphone app usage patterns and TCI. A total of 151 students provided smartphone log data of the previous four weeks. They also completed the TCI and provided academic records of the previous year. RESULTS The first and second most frequently used apps by both groups of students were social networking and entertainment, respectively. Elite students scored higher on novelty seeking, reward dependence, persistence, self-directedness, and self-transcendence than general students. In all participants, the usage time of serious apps was correlated with the scores for novelty seeking (r = 0.32, P < 0.007), reward dependence (r = 0.32, P < 0.007), and self-transcendence (r = 0.35, P < 0.006). In the elite group, the usage time of serious apps was correlated with the scores for novelty seeking (r = 0.45, P < 0.001), reward dependence (r = 0.39, P = 0.022), and self-transcendence (r = 0.35, P = 0.031). In the general group, the usage time of serious apps was correlated only with self-transcendence (r = 0.32, P < 0.007). CONCLUSION High usage time of serious apps can help sports majors to excel academically. Particularly among sports majors, serious apps are related to activity, the desire for rewards and recognition, and the tendency to transcend themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jea Woog Lee
- College of Sport Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea
| | - Sung Je Park
- College of Sport Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Un Sun Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Doug Hyun Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Ran G, Li J, Zhang Q, Niu X. The association between social anxiety and mobile phone addiction: A three-level meta-analysis. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Kim J, Lee K. The Association between Physical Activity and Smartphone Addiction in Korean Adolescents: The 16th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey, 2020. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10040702. [PMID: 35455879 PMCID: PMC9031590 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10040702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Many side effects of smartphone addiction have been reported, such as a lack of sleep, obesity, and poor concentration. However, the relationship between physical activity (PA) and smartphone addiction has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between physical activity and smartphone addiction among 53,534 Korean adolescents using raw data from the 16th (2020) Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBS). The dependent variables were the general user group, potential risk user group, and high-risk user group for smartphone addiction. The independent variables were moderate PA (over 5 days per week), vigorous PA (over 3 days per week), and strength exercise (over 3 days per week). Sex, body mass index (BMI), school grade, academic achievement, sleep satisfaction, depression, loneliness, and stress were selected as confounding variables. A complex sample logistic regression analysis was performed. Potential smartphone addiction risk users showed statistically significant odds ratios of 1.423 (p < 0.001), 1.379 (p < 0.001), and 1.383 (p < 0.001) based on general users participating in moderate PA, vigorous PA, and strength exercise, respectively. High-risk users showed statistically significant odds ratios of 1.475 (p < 0.001), 1.484 (p < 0.001), and 1.619 (p < 0.001), respectively. In conclusion, to prevent smartphone addiction among Korean adolescents, participation in moderate PA for more than five days a week, vigorous PA for more than three days a week, or strength exercise for more than three days a week is considered effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooyoung Kim
- College of Liberal Arts, Konkuk University, 268, Chungwon-daero, Chungju-si 27478, Korea;
| | - Kihyuk Lee
- Department of Sport Culture, Dongguk University, 30, Phidong-ro 1gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Alotaibi MS, Fox M, Coman R, Ratan ZA, Hosseinzadeh H. Smartphone Addiction Prevalence and Its Association on Academic Performance, Physical Health, and Mental Well-Being among University Students in Umm Al-Qura University (UQU), Saudi Arabia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063710. [PMID: 35329397 PMCID: PMC8954621 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Smartphone use can lead to smartphone addiction, which is a growing concern worldwide. However, there are limited studies about smartphone addiction and its impacts on university students in Saudi Arabia. This study aims to fill this gap. This is a quantitative study conducted among undergraduate students in Umm Al-Qura University (UQU), Saudi Arabia from May 2019 and February 2021. Study data were collected using both online and hard copy administered surveys. A self-administered questionnaire, Grade point average, Smartphone Addiction Short Version, and Kessler Psychological Distress scales were used to assess the outcomes. A total of 545 undergraduate students, mostly females, aged ≤21 years old and lived with large family sizes. More than half owned a smartphone for 5–8 years and the majority used their smartphone on average 6–11 h per day for social networking (82.6%), entertainment (66.2%) and web surfing (59.6%). Most of the participants were smartphone-addicted (67.0%). Logistic regression analysis showed that age ≤ 21, not gainfully employed, small family size and high family income were the main significant socio-demographic predictors of smartphone addiction. Smartphone-addicted participants were more likely to: have lower academic performance (GPA); be physically inactive; have poor sleep; be overweight/obese; have pain in their shoulder (39.2%), eyes (62.2%) and neck (67.7%) and have a serious mental illness (30.7%). This finding has significant implications for decision makers and suggests that smartphone education focusing on the physical and mental health consequences of smartphone addiction among university students can be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saud Alotaibi
- Department of Social Work, College of Social Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 24382, Saudi Arabia;
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave., Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (M.F.); (R.C.); (Z.A.R.)
| | - Mim Fox
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave., Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (M.F.); (R.C.); (Z.A.R.)
| | - Robyn Coman
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave., Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (M.F.); (R.C.); (Z.A.R.)
| | - Zubair Ahmed Ratan
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave., Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (M.F.); (R.C.); (Z.A.R.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology, Khulna 9203, Bangladesh
| | - Hassan Hosseinzadeh
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave., Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (M.F.); (R.C.); (Z.A.R.)
- Correspondence:
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Guo KL, Ma QS, Yao SJ, Liu C, Hui Z, Jiang J, Lin X. The Relationship Between Physical Exercise and Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency of University Students in China: A Moderated Mediation Model. Front Psychol 2022; 13:730886. [PMID: 35237204 PMCID: PMC8884265 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.730886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to explore the relationship between physical exercise (PE), self-control (SC), physical exercise atmosphere (PEA), and mobile phone addiction tendency (MPAT) among Chinese university students. Through the quota sampling, 1,433 students complied with the requirements were surveyed from 10 universities in China. PE, SC, PEA, and MPAT were assessed using standard scales. For data analysis, common method deviation test, mean number, standard deviation, correlation analysis and structural equation model analysis were carried out in turn. The results showed PE and MPAT were negatively related (r = -0.158, p < 0.05); PE significantly positively predicted SC (β = 0.082, t = 3.748, p < 0.01), and SC significantly negatively predicted MPAT (β = -0.743, t = -19.929, p < 0.01). Bootstrap method was used to test the mediating effect of SC. The results showed that 95% confidence interval did not include 0. After adding the mediating variable of SC, PE did not significantly negatively predict the tendency of MPAT (β = -0.027, t = -1.257, p > 0.05). The interaction item PEA and SC could significantly positively predict the tendency of MPAT (β = 0.165, t = 2.545, p < 0.05). In the high PEA group, SC had a significant negative predictive effect on the tendency of MPAT (β = -0.665, t = -14.408, p < 0.01); However, in the low PEA group, the negative predictive effect was stronger (β = -0.834, t = -15.015, p < 0.01). The present study shows that PE significantly negatively predicted the tendency of MPAT, and SC played a complete mediating role in the relationship between PE and MPAT; The second half of the indirect effect of PE and MPAT was regulated by the PEA. The PEA will enhance the influence of SC on MPAT, but the high PEA will increase the level of MPAT of individuals at a very high level of SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Lei Guo
- School of Physical Education and Health, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Qi-Shuai Ma
- School of Physical Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Shu-Jun Yao
- School of Physical Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Chao Liu
- School of Physical Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Zhen Hui
- School of Marxism, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Juan Jiang
- School of Wushu and Dancing, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xi Lin
- School of Physical Education and Health, Longyan University, Longyan, China
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