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Zhou W, Liang Z, Fan Z, Li Z. Spatio-temporal effects of built environment on running activity based on a random forest approach in nanjing, China. Health Place 2024; 85:103176. [PMID: 38244248 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Running activity is closely related to the urban built environment in terms of mental and physical health, and this relationship can change as a result of spatio-temporal changes. Most studies, however, do not account for this and assume a linear relationship exists between the built environment and running activity. This study, therefore, collected running data spanning 2019-2022, studied spatial distribution of four-year running activity, established built environment indicators, used a random forest approach to investigate the non-linear relationship between them, and evaluated spatio-temporal changes in the relationships over time. The findings suggested that running activities are spatially clustered and the degree of clustering varies over time, and nonlinear relationships and threshold effects between the built environment and running activity can be found through the random forest algorithm and partial dependence plots. Urban park green space, greenway, and the normalized difference vegetation index had the most significant effects on running activity. The effects of population, buildings, streets, road intersections, and points of interest on running activity changed during the Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. In 2022, however, these effects were consistent with those during the pre-pandemic period. Our findings fill research gaps by using spatio-temporal analysis and a non-linear approach; they can also provide a reference for urban planners in building running-suitable and healthy cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyun Zhou
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210037, China.
| | - Zhengyuan Liang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210037, China.
| | - Zhengxi Fan
- School of Architecture, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210096, China.
| | - Zhiming Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210037, China.
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2
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Müller C, Domokos B, Amersbach T, Hausmayer EM, Roßmann C, Wallmann-Sperlich B, Bucksch J. Development and reliability testing of an audit toolbox for the assessment of the physical activity friendliness of urban and rural environments in Germany. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1153088. [PMID: 37637797 PMCID: PMC10449332 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1153088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background According to socio-ecological theories, physical activity behaviors are linked to the physical and social neighborhood environment. Reliable and contextually adapted instruments are needed to assess environmental characteristics related to physical activity. This work aims to develop an audit toolbox adapted to the German context, to urban and rural settings, for different population groups, and different types of physical activity; and to evaluate its inter-rater reliability. Methods We conducted a systematic literature search to collect existing audit tools and to identify the latest evidence of environmental factors influencing physical activity in general, as well as in German populations. The results guided the construction of a category system for the toolbox. Items were assigned to the categories based on their relevance to physical activity and to the German context as well as their comprehensibility. We piloted the toolbox in different urban and rural areas (100 street segments, 15 parks, and 21 playgrounds) and calculated inter-rater reliability by Cohen's Kappa. Results The audit toolbox comprises a basic streetscape audit with seven categories (land use and destinations, traffic safety, pedestrian infrastructure, cycling infrastructure, attractiveness, social environment, and subjective assessment), as well as supplementary tools for children and adolescents, seniors and people with impaired mobility, parks and public open spaces, playgrounds, and rural areas. 76 % of all included items had moderate, substantial, or almost perfect inter-rater reliability (κ > 0.4). Conclusions The audit toolbox is an innovative and reliable instrument for the assessment of the physical activity friendliness of urban and rural environments in Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Müller
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
- Department of Prevention and Health Promotion, Faculty of Natural and Sociological Sciences, Heidelberg University of Education, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bruno Domokos
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
- Department of Prevention and Health Promotion, Faculty of Natural and Sociological Sciences, Heidelberg University of Education, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tanja Amersbach
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
- Department of Prevention and Health Promotion, Faculty of Natural and Sociological Sciences, Heidelberg University of Education, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Hausmayer
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
- Department of Prevention and Health Promotion, Faculty of Natural and Sociological Sciences, Heidelberg University of Education, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Jens Bucksch
- Department of Prevention and Health Promotion, Faculty of Natural and Sociological Sciences, Heidelberg University of Education, Heidelberg, Germany
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Zhu J, Kodali H, Wyka KE, Huang TTK. Perceived neighborhood environment walkability and health-related quality of life among predominantly Black and Latino adults in New York City. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:127. [PMID: 36653809 PMCID: PMC9847133 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14973-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measures of the built environment such as neighborhood walkability have been associated with health behaviors such as physical activity, the lack of which in turn may contribute to the development of diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. However, limited research has examined these measures in association with health-related quality of life (HR-QoL), particularly in minoritized populations. We examined the relationship between perceived neighborhood environment and HR-QoL in a sample of mostly Black and Latino residents in New York City (NYC). METHODS This study utilized the baseline survey data from the Physical Activity and Redesigned Community Spaces (PARCS) Study among 1252 residents [34.6% Black, 54.1% Latino, 80.1% female, mean(±SD) age = 38.8 ± 12.5) in 54 park neighborhoods in NYC. Perceived built environment was measured using Neighborhood Environment and Walkability Survey, and mental and physical HR-QoL was estimated using Short Form (SF)-12. Using factor analysis, we identified two subscales of neighborhood walkability: enablers (e.g., trails, sidewalks, esthetics) vs. barriers (e.g., high crime and traffic). In addition, we included a third subscale on neighborhood satisfaction. Generalized Estimating Equation models adjusted for demographics and BMI and accounted for the clustering effect within neighborhood. Multiple imputation was used to account for missing data. RESULTS Mental HR-QoL was associated with barriers of walkability (β ± SE = - 1.63 ± 0.55, p < 0.01) and neighborhood satisfaction (β ± SE = 1.55 ± 0.66, p = 0.02), after adjusting for covariates. Physical HR-QoL was associated with only barriers of walkability (β ± SE = - 1.13 ± 0.57, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Among NYC residents living in minoritized neighborhoods, mitigating negative aspects of the neighborhood environment may be more crucial than adding positive features in terms of HR-QoL. Our study points to the need to investigate further the role of the built environment in urban, minoritized communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhu
- Center for Systems and Community Design, Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, City University of New York (CUNY), 55 West 125th Street, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Hanish Kodali
- Center for Systems and Community Design, Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, City University of New York (CUNY), 55 West 125th Street, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Katarzyna E Wyka
- Center for Systems and Community Design, Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, City University of New York (CUNY), 55 West 125th Street, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Terry T-K Huang
- Center for Systems and Community Design, Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, City University of New York (CUNY), 55 West 125th Street, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
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4
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Cunningham-Myrie C, Theall KP, Younger-Coleman N, Wiggan J, McFarlane S, Francis D, Bennett N, Tulloch-Reid M, Ferguson TS, Davidson T, Govia I, Guthrie-Dixon N, Aiken W, Grant A, Webster-Kerr K, Wilks R. Who moves in vulnerable Caribbean neighborhoods? Positive deviance for physical activity: Findings from the Jamaica health and Lifestyle Survey 2017 (JHLS III). Prev Med Rep 2022; 30:101998. [PMID: 36189127 PMCID: PMC9519374 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreased physical activity (PA) has been associated with residents living in neighborhoods perceived as being disordered or having high crime levels. What is unknown are the characteristics of individuals who engage in moderate to vigorous levels of PA (MVPA) despite living in these vulnerable neighborhoods, or who may be referred to as positive deviants (PD). We examined the factors associated with PD for PA among Jamaicans. Between 2016 and 2017 the Jamaica Health and Lifestyle Survey, a cross-sectional nationally representative survey (n = 2807), was conducted on individuals aged 15 years and older. Regression analyses were performed to identify associations with PD, defined using engagement in MVPA among persons living in vulnerable neighborhoods (N = 1710). Being female (odds ratio [OR]a = 0.64 (0.48, 0.86); p = 0.003), obese while living in an urban area (ORa = 0.39; 95 % CI = 0.26, 0.59; p < 0.0001), unemployed (ORa = 0.53; 95 % CI = 0.39, 0.73; p < 0.0001), or a student (ORa = 0.62; 95 % CI = 0.39, 0.98); p = 0.041) was associated with a significantly lower likelihood of PD, while having a personal medical history of at least one chronic disease significantly increased likelihood (ORa = 1.43; 95 % CI = 1.08, 1.90; p = 0.014). Taking a PD approach may be one angle to consider in trying to determine what is working and for whom, so that this may be harnessed in policy, prevention and intervention programming to increase PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cunningham-Myrie
- Department of Community Health & Psychiatry, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - K P Theall
- Departments of Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - N Younger-Coleman
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - J Wiggan
- Ministry of Health & Wellness, Jamaica
| | - S McFarlane
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - D Francis
- School of Health and Human Performance, Georgia College and State University, Milledgeville, GA, USA
| | - N Bennett
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - M Tulloch-Reid
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - T S Ferguson
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | | | - I Govia
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - N Guthrie-Dixon
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - W Aiken
- Department of Surgery, Radiology, Anaesthesia & Intensive Care, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - A Grant
- Ministry of Health & Wellness, Jamaica
| | | | - R Wilks
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
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Crist K, Benmarhnia T, Frank LD, Song D, Zunshine E, Sallis JF. The TROLLEY Study: assessing travel, health, and equity impacts of a new light rail transit investment during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1475. [PMID: 35918683 PMCID: PMC9344230 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13834-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted life in extraordinary ways impacting health and daily mobility. Public transit provides a strategy to improve individual and population health through increased active travel and reduced vehicle dependency, while ensuring equitable access to jobs, healthcare, education, and mitigating climate change. However, health safety concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic eroded ridership, which could have longstanding negative consequences. Research is needed to understand how mobility and health change as the pandemic recedes and how transit investments impact health and equity outcomes. Methods The TROLLEY (TRansit Opportunities for HeaLth, Livability, Exercise and EquitY) study will prospectively investigate a diverse cohort of university employees after the opening of a new light rail transit (LRT) line and the easing of campus COVID-19 restrictions. Participants are current staff who live either < 1 mile, 1–2 miles, or > 2 miles from LRT, with equal distribution across economic and racial/ethnic strata. The primary aim is to assess change in physical activity, travel mode, and vehicle miles travelled using accelerometer and GPS devices. Equity outcomes include household transportation and health-related expenditures. Change in health outcomes, including depressive symptoms, stress, quality of life, body mass index and behavior change constructs related to transit use will be assessed via self-report. Pre-pandemic variables will be retrospectively collected. Participants will be measured at 3 times over 2 years of follow up. Longitudinal changes in outcomes will be assessed using multilevel mixed effects models. Analyses will evaluate whether proximity to LRT, sociodemographic, and environmental factors modify change in outcomes over time. Discussion The TROLLEY study will utilize rigorous methods to advance our understanding of health, well-being, and equity-oriented outcomes of new LRT infrastructure through the COVID-19 recovery period, in a sample of demographically diverse adult workers whose employment location is accessed by new transit. Results will inform land use, transportation and health investments, and workplace interventions. Findings have the potential to elevate LRT as a public health priority and provide insight on how to ensure public transit meets the needs of vulnerable users and is more resilient in the face of future health pandemics. Trial registration The TROLLEY study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04940481) June 17, 2021, and OSF Registries (10.17605/OSF.IO/PGEHU) June 24, 2021, prior to participant enrollment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13834-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Crist
- Department of Urban Studies & Planning, UC San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Tarik Benmarhnia
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Lawrence D Frank
- Department of Urban Studies & Planning, UC San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Dana Song
- Department of Urban Studies & Planning, UC San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Elizabeth Zunshine
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - James F Sallis
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, UC San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA.,Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
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6
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Honda T, Hirakawa Y, Hata J, Chen S, Shibata M, Sakata S, Furuta Y, Higashioka M, Oishi E, Kitazono T, Ninomiya T. Active commuting, commuting modes, and the risk of diabetes: 14-year follow-up data from the Hisayama Study. J Diabetes Investig 2022; 13:1677-1684. [PMID: 35607820 PMCID: PMC9533046 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction We aimed to investigate the association of active commuting (cycling or walking to work), as well as the association of the individual commuting modes, with the risk of diabetes in a prospective cohort of community‐dwelling adults in Japan. Material and Methods A total of 1,270 residents aged 40–79 years were followed up for a median of 14 years. Active commuting was defined as either cycling or walking to work. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to examine the association of active commuting with the risk of diabetes. Associations for different forms of active commuting (cycling, walking and mixed modes of cycling or walking with non‐active components) were also examined. Results During the follow‐up period, 191 participants developed diabetes. Active commuting was associated with a lower risk of diabetes than non‐active commuting after adjustment for potential confounders (hazard ratio [HR] 0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.31–0.92). With regard to the commuting modes, the risk of diabetes was significantly lower in individuals who commuted by cycling alone (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.22–0.98), and tended to be lower in individuals who commuted by walking alone (HR 0.14, 95% CI 0.02–1.02) compared with that in individuals with non‐active commuting. Meanwhile, no significant associations were observed for the mixed mode of walking and non‐active commuting (HR 1.69, 95% CI 0.77–3.71). Conclusions Active commuting, particularly that consisting exclusively of cycling or walking, was associated with a reduced risk of diabetes. Our findings support a public health policy that promotes the choice of active commuting for the prevention of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Honda
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Hirakawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun Hata
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sanmei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Global Health Nursing, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mao Shibata
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoko Sakata
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Furuta
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Medical-Engineering Collaboration for Healthy Longevity, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mayu Higashioka
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Emi Oishi
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Ninomiya
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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7
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The relationship between perceived built environment and cycling or e-biking for transport among older adults–a cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267314. [PMID: 35503760 PMCID: PMC9064114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The built environment plays a key role in promoting active mobility for healthy aging. Encouraging active mobility among older adults, however, can be especially challenging in more rural areas where distances tend to be longer and infrastructure is favoring car traffic. The association of older adults’ perception of attributes of the built environment with cycling and e-biking for transport was investigated. The potential moderating effects of age, sex, and mobility impairments were explored. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in towns and communities of <100,000 inhabitants, including 2,144 participants (mean age: 74; 53% men). Three different cycling outcomes (any cycling/e-biking, frequency (≥3 days/week) and amount (minutes/week)) were analyzed among all cyclists and e-bike users separately, resulting in six dependent variables. The impact of ten environmental attributes on these outcomes was analyzed in separate models. Overall, street connectivity, and the proximity and number of destinations were most important. Only street connectivity and traffic safety were related to minutes cycling or e-biking per week. Cycling amount was higher overall for e-biking but fewer environmental attributes showed an association compared to any cycling, regardless of bicycle type. Traffic safety was not associated with four out of the six cycling outcomes and was inversely associated with minutes cycling or e-biking. Density was not related to any of the variables investigated. Several interaction effects of sex, age, and mobility impairments were found. Further research is needed on environmental attributes influencing e-bike use, the most important types of destinations, and a more differentiated assessment of perceived traffic safety in older adults.
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Associations between neighbourhood built characteristics and sedentary behaviours among Canadian men and women: findings from Alberta's Tomorrow Project. Prev Med 2021; 150:106663. [PMID: 34087320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Evidence of associations between neighbourhood built characteristics and sedentary behaviours is mixed. The study aim was to investigate the associations between objectively-derived neighbourhood built characteristics and self-reported sedentary behaviours among Canadian men and women. This study sourced survey data from Alberta's Tomorrow Project (2008; n = 14,785), in which sitting and motor vehicle travel times during the last 7 days was measured. Geographic Information System was used to calculate neighbourhood built characteristics within a 400 m buffer of participant's home and a walkability score was estimated. To estimate the associations between neighbourhood characteristics and sedentary behaviours, covariate-adjusted generalized linear regression models were used. Walkability, 3-way intersections, and population count were positively associated with sitting time. Business destinations and greenness were negatively associated with sitting time. Walkability, 3-way, and 4-way intersections were negatively associated with motor vehicle travel time. Sex-specific associations between neighbourhood characteristics and sedentary behaviour were found. Among men, business destinations were negatively associated with sitting time, and 3-way intersections, population count, and walkability were negatively associated with motor vehicle travel time. Among women, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index was negatively associated with sitting time. Interventions to reduce sedentary behaviours may need to target neighbourhoods that have built characteristics which might support these behaviours. More research is needed to disentangle the complex relationships between different neighbourhood built characteristics and specific types of sedentary behaviour.
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Shaer A, Rezaei M, Moghani Rahimi B, Shaer F. Examining the associations between perceived built environment and active travel, before and after the COVID-19 outbreak in Shiraz city, Iran. CITIES (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 115:103255. [PMID: 36090382 PMCID: PMC9449484 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2021.103255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and policies to control the outbreak such as quarantine, jobs closures, and traffic restrictions on active travel of Central Businesses District (CBD) residents in comparison with the non-CBD residents of Shiraz, Iran; and examine the relationship between perceived built environment factors and active travel in the pre- and post-outbreak. The results indicate that the most effective individuals factors on active travel are bicycle and car ownership, and built environment characteristics are walkability, bikeability, security, aesthetics, traffic calming, intersections safety, land uses diversity and density, destination accessibility, street pattern, and bike-sharing infrastructures. Also, the average walking and cycling time of the CBD residents before and after the outbreak is more than that of the non-CBD residents, which is due to the quality of built environment factors in the CBD. A built environment with mixed, diverse, dense and accessible land uses, as well as safe and secure cycling and walking routes have major effects on active travel in the crisis. Hence, it is suggested that policymakers take action to make the environment more people-friendly to maintain citizens' mobility in the critical situation, when many travel modes have lost their efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Shaer
- Department of Transportation Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Iran
| | - Meysam Rezaei
- Assistant Professor of Urban Planning, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Department of Urban Planning, Salman Farsi University of Kazerun, Iran
| | - Behnam Moghani Rahimi
- Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Department of Geography, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shaer
- Faculty of Geographical Sciences and Planning, University of Isfahan, Iran
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10
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Change in GPS-assessed walking locations following a cluster-randomized controlled physical activity trial in older adults, results from the MIPARC trial. Health Place 2021; 69:102573. [PMID: 33934062 PMCID: PMC9177163 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study employed novel GPS methods to assess the effect of a multilevel physical activity (PA) intervention on device-measured walking locations in 305 community dwelling older adults, ages 65+ (mean age = 83, 73% women). Retirement communities were randomized to a 1-year PA intervention that encouraged neighborhood walking, or to a healthy aging control condition. Total time and time spent walking in four life-space domains were assessed using GPS and accelerometer devices. The intervention increased the time spent walking as a proportion of total time spent in the Campus, Neighborhood and Beyond Neighborhood domains. Intervention effects on walking location were observed in both genders and across physical and cognitive functioning groups. Results demonstrate that an intervention providing individual, social and environmental support for walking can increase PA in larger life-space domains for a broad spectrum of older adults.
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11
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Kwan SC, Ismail R, Ismail NH, Mohamed N. An ecological study of the relationship between urban built environment and cardiovascular hospital admissions (2004-2016) in an Asian developing country. Soc Sci Med 2021; 276:113868. [PMID: 33799201 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the relationship between urban built environment and hospital admissions from cardiovascular diseases in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Hospital admission data from 2004 to 2016 for cardiovascular diseases were used with patient residential postcodes as the unit of analysis. Data was split into 2004-2009 (12,551 cases) and 2010-2016 (17,154 cases) periods corresponding to land use data. We used generalized linear mixed model to analyse population density, property value, entropy index, and the kernel density (800 m) of specific land use, bus and rail stations, and road junctions, with time period and postcodes as the random effects to generate incidence rate ratios (IRRs). Results indicated that entropy index and recreational area density were associated with fewer hypertensive disease and ischemic heart disease hospital admissions (IRR range: 0.49-0.68, 95%CI: 0.27, 0.97). Population density and property value were associated with fewer cerebrovascular disease hospital admissions (IRR range: 0.29-0.34, 95%CI: 0.11, 0.75). Contrarily, density of road junctions was associated with 2.5-6.3 times more hospital admissions for cardiovascular disease hospital admissions (IRR range: 2.53-6.34, 95%CI: 1.07,17.91). There were no significant association between hospital admission and density of residential area, undeveloped land, rail and bus stations. The shapes of relationships for all attributes were non-linear, and changed markedly at the third quartile except for recreational area density. The findings suggest that land use attributes have some protective effects on the cardiovascular disease admission cases as compared to the transport attributes. These findings have important merits for integrating health into urban planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Chen Kwan
- Center for Southeast Asian Studies (CSEAS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, National University of Malaysia, Malaysia.
| | - Rohaida Ismail
- Environmental Health Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Malaysia
| | | | - Norlen Mohamed
- Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Malaysia
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Portegijs E, Timmermans EJ, Castell MV, Dennison EM, Herbolsheimer F, Limongi F, van der Pas S, Schaap LA, van Schoor N, Deeg DJH. Neighborhood Resources Associated With Active Travel in Older Adults-A Cohort Study in Six European Countries. J Aging Phys Act 2020; 28:920-933. [PMID: 32580163 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2019-0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study associations between perceived neighborhood resources and time spent by older adults in active travel. METHODS Respondents in six European countries, aged 65-85 years, reported on the perceived presence of neighborhood resources (parks, places to sit, public transportation, and facilities) with response options "a lot," "some," and "not at all." Daily active travel time (total minutes of transport-related walking and cycling) was self-reported at the baseline (n = 2,695) and 12-18 months later (n = 2,189). RESULTS Reporting a lot of any of the separate resources (range B's = 0.19-0.29) and some or a lot for all four resources (B = 0.22, 95% confidence interval [0.09, 0.35]) was associated with longer active travel time than reporting none or fewer resources. Associations remained over the follow-up, but the changes in travel time were similar, regardless of the neighborhood resources. DISCUSSION Perceiving multiple neighborhood resources may support older adults' active travel. Potential interventions, for example, the provision of new resources or increasing awareness of existing resources, require further study.
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Abstract
Walking and cycling are not only frequently-used modes of transport but also popular physical activities. They are beneficial to traffic congestion mitigation, air pollution reduction, and public health promotion. Hence, examining and comparing the built environment correlates of the propensity of walking and cycling is of great interest to urban practitioners and decision-makers and has attracted extensive research attention. However, existing studies mainly look into the two modes separately or consider them as an integral (i.e., active travel), and few compare built environment correlates of their propensity in a single study, especially in the developing world context. Thus, this study, taking Xiamen, China, as a case, examines the built environment correlates of the propensity of walking and cycling simultaneously and compares the results wherever feasible. It found (1) built environment correlates of the propensity of walking and cycling differ with each other largely in direction and magnitude; (2) land use mix, intersection density, and bus stop density are positively associated with walking propensity, while the distance to the CBD (Central Business District) is a negative correlate; (3) as for cycling propensity, only distance to CBD is a positive correlate, and job density, intersection density, and bus stop density are all negative correlates. The findings of this study have rich policy implications for walking and cycling promotion interventions.
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Association between Perceived Neighborhood Built Environment and Walking and Cycling for Transport among Inhabitants from Latin America: The ELANS Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186858. [PMID: 32961771 PMCID: PMC7558688 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to examine the associations of the perceived neighborhood built environment with walking and cycling for transport in inhabitants from Latin American countries. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 9218 participants (15–65 years) from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health, which included a nationally representative sample of eight countries. All participants completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Long Form for measure walking and cycling for transport and the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale-Abbreviated. Furthermore, perceived proximity from home to public open spaces and shopping centers was assessed. Results: Perceived land use mix-access (OR: 1.32; 95%CI: 1.16,1.50) and the existence of many alternative routes in the neighbourhood (1.09 1.01,1.17) were associated with higher odds of reporting any walking for transport (≥10 min/week). Perceived slow speed of traffic (1.88 1.82,1.93) and few drivers exceeding the speed limits (1.92; 1.86,1.98) were also related to higher odds of reporting any walking for transport. The odds of reporting any cycling for transport (≥10 min/week) were higher in participants perceiving more walking/cycling facilities (1.87 1.76,1.99), and better aesthetics (1.22 1.09,1.38). Conclusions: Dissimilar perceived neighborhood built environment characteristics were associated with walking and cycling for transport among inhabitants from Latin America.
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Voigt L, Ullrich A, Baumann S, Dörr M, John U, Ulbricht S. Do sociodemographic variables and cardiometabolic risk factors moderate the mere-measurement effect on physical activity and sedentary time? BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2020; 20:272. [PMID: 32503441 PMCID: PMC7275363 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-020-01551-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Participation in an assessment may change health behavior. This “mere-measurement effect” may be used for prevention purposes. However, little is known about whether individuals’ characteristics moderate the effect. The objective was to explore whether changes of physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST) after a cardiovascular assessment depend on sociodemographic variables and cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods A sample of n = 175 adults aged 40 to 65 received baseline assessment including self-administered PA and ST questionnaires and standardized measurement of blood pressure, waist circumference, and blood parameters. After 5 weeks, participants again reported PA and ST without any prior treatment or intervention. Linear regression models were used to analyze the dependence of five-week changes in PA and ST on baseline sociodemographic and cardiometabolic variables. Results Men increased transport-related PA more than women (b = 9.3 MET-hours/week, P = .031). Men with higher triglycerides increased transport-related PA less than men with lower triglycerides (b = − 5.6 MET-hours/week, P = .043). Men with higher systolic blood pressure reduced ST more than those with lower systolic blood pressure (b = − 35.7 min/week, P = .028). However, this linear association ceased to exist at a level of approximately 145 mmHg (b of squared association = 1.0, P = .080). A similar relationship was found for glycated hemoglobin and ST. Conclusions The findings suggest that sex and cardiometabolic risk factors moderate mere-measurement effects on PA and ST. Researchers and practitioners using mere measurement for prevention purposes may address PA and ST according to these individual characteristics. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.govNCT02990039. Registered 7 December 2016. Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Voigt
- Institute for Community Medicine, Department of Social Medicine and Prevention, University Medicine Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Str. 48, 17475, Greifswald, Germany. .,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Antje Ullrich
- Institute for Community Medicine, Department of Social Medicine and Prevention, University Medicine Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Str. 48, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sophie Baumann
- Institute for Community Medicine, Department of Social Medicine and Prevention, University Medicine Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Str. 48, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marcus Dörr
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ulrich John
- Institute for Community Medicine, Department of Social Medicine and Prevention, University Medicine Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Str. 48, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sabina Ulbricht
- Institute for Community Medicine, Department of Social Medicine and Prevention, University Medicine Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Str. 48, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Kartschmit N, Sutcliffe R, Sheldon MP, Moebus S, Greiser KH, Hartwig S, Thürkow D, Stentzel U, van den Berg N, Wolf K, Maier W, Peters A, Ahmed S, Köhnke C, Mikolajczyk R, Wienke A, Kluttig A, Rudge G. Walkability and its association with prevalent and incident diabetes among adults in different regions of Germany: results of pooled data from five German cohorts. BMC Endocr Disord 2020; 20:7. [PMID: 31931801 PMCID: PMC6958624 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-019-0485-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Highly walkable neighbourhoods may increase transport-related and leisure-time physical activity and thus decrease the risk for obesity and obesity-related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS We investigated the association between walkability and prevalent/incident T2D in a pooled sample from five German cohorts. Three walkability measures were assigned to participant's addresses: number of transit stations, points of interest, and impedance (restrictions to walking due to absence of intersections and physical barriers) within 640 m. We estimated associations between walkability and prevalent/incident T2D with modified Poisson regressions and adjusted for education, sex, age at baseline, and cohort. RESULTS Of the baseline 16,008 participants, 1256 participants had prevalent T2D. Participants free from T2D at baseline were followed over a mean of 9.2 years (SD: 3.5, minimum: 1.6, maximum: 14.8 years). Of these, 1032 participants developed T2D. The three walkability measures were not associated with T2D. The estimates pointed toward a zero effect or were within 7% relative risk increase per 1 standard deviation with 95% confidence intervals including 1. CONCLUSION In the studied German settings, walkability differences might not explain differences in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Kartschmit
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Robynne Sutcliffe
- Centre for Urban Epidemiology, University Clinics Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Mark Patrick Sheldon
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Centre for Urban Epidemiology, University Clinics Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Karin Halina Greiser
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Cancer Research Center DKFZ (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Saskia Hartwig
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Detlef Thürkow
- Institute of Geosciences and Geography, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06099, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ulrike Stentzel
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Ellernholzstr. 1-2, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Neeltje van den Berg
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Ellernholzstr. 1-2, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kathrin Wolf
- German Center for Diabetes Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Werner Maier
- German Center for Diabetes Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- German Center for Diabetes Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Salman Ahmed
- Centre for Urban Epidemiology, University Clinics Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Corinna Köhnke
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Rafael Mikolajczyk
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Andreas Wienke
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Alexander Kluttig
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Gavin Rudge
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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McCormack GR, Cabaj J, Orpana H, Lukic R, Blackstaffe A, Goopy S, Hagel B, Keough N, Martinson R, Chapman J, Lee C, Tang J, Fabreau G. A scoping review on the relations between urban form and health: a focus on Canadian quantitative evidence. HEALTH PROMOTION AND CHRONIC DISEASE PREVENTION IN CANADA-RESEARCH POLICY AND PRACTICE 2019; 39:187-200. [PMID: 31091062 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.39.5.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the accumulating Canadian evidence regarding the relations between urban form and health behaviours, less is known about the associations between urban form and health conditions. Our study aim was to undertake a scoping review to synthesize evidence from quantitative studies that have investigated the relationship between built environment and chronic health conditions, self-reported health and quality of life, and injuries in the Canadian adult population. METHODS From January to March 2017, we searched 13 databases to identify peer-reviewed quantitative studies from all years that estimated associations between the objectively-measured built environment and health conditions in Canadian adults. Studies under-taken within urban settings only were included. Relevant studies were catalogued and synthesized in relation to their reported study and sample design, and health outcome and built environment features. RESULTS Fifty-five articles met the inclusion criteria, 52 of which were published after 2008. Most single province studies were undertaken in Ontario (n = 22), Quebec (n = 12), and Alberta (n = 7). Associations between the built environment features and 11 broad health outcomes emerged from the review, including injury (n = 19), weight status (n = 19), cardiovascular disease (n = 5), depression/anxiety (n = 5), diabetes (n = 5), mortality (n = 4), self-rated health (n = 2), chronic conditions (n = 2), metabolic condi-tions (n = 2), quality of life (n = 1), and cancer (n = 1). Consistent evidence for associations between aggregate built environment indicators (e.g., walkability) and diabetes and weight and between connectivity and route features (e.g., transportation route, trails, pathways, sidewalks, street pattern, intersections, route characteristics) and injury were found. Evidence for greenspace, parks and recreation features impacting multiple health outcomes was also found. CONCLUSION Within the Canadian context, the built environment is associated with a range of chronic health conditions and injury in adults, but the evidence to date has limitations. More research on the built environment and health incorporating rigorous study designs are needed to provide stronger causal evidence to inform policy and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin R McCormack
- Department of Community Health Science, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Faculty of Environmental Design, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jason Cabaj
- Department of Community Health Science, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Health Services, Alberta, Canada
| | - Heather Orpana
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan Lukic
- Department of Community Health Science, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anita Blackstaffe
- Department of Community Health Science, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Suzanne Goopy
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brent Hagel
- Department of Community Health Science, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Noel Keough
- Faculty of Environmental Design, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | - Celia Lee
- Sustainable Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Gabriel Fabreau
- Department of Community Health Science, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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18
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Nichani V, Vena JE, Friedenreich CM, Christie C, McCormack GR. A population-based study of the associations between neighbourhood walkability and different types of physical activity in Canadian men and women. Prev Med 2019; 129:105864. [PMID: 31654728 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.105864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Few Canadian studies have examined whether or not associations between neighbourhood walkability and physical activity differ by sex. We estimated associations between perceived neighbourhood walkability and physical activity among Canadian men and women. This study included cross-sectional survey data from participants in 'Alberta's Tomorrow Project' (Canada; n = 14,078), a longitudinal cohort study. The survey included socio-demographic items as well as the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the abbreviated Neighbourhood Environment Walkability Scale (NEWS-A), which captured perceived neighbourhood built characteristics. We computed subscale and overall walkability scores from NEWS-A responses. Covariate-adjusted generalized linear models estimated the associations of participation (≥10 min/week) and minutes of different types of physical activity, including transportation walking (TW), leisure walking (LW), moderate-intensity physical activity (MPA), and vigorous-intensity physical activity (VPA) with walkability scores. Walkability was positively associated with participation in TW, LW, MPA and VPA and minutes of TW, LW, and VPA. Among men, a negative association was found between street connectivity and VPA participation. Additionally, crime safety was negatively associated with VPA minutes among men. Among women, pedestrian infrastructure was positively associated with LW participation and overall walkability was positively associated with VPA minutes. Notably, overall walkability was positively associated with LW participation among men and women. Different perceived neighbourhood walkability characteristics might be associated with participation and time spent in different types of physical activity among men and women living in Alberta. Interventions designed to modify perceptions of neighbourhood walkability might influence initiation or maintenance of different types of physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Nichani
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, TRW 3rd floor, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada.
| | - Jennifer E Vena
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, TRW 3rd floor, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada; CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Richmond Road Diagnostic and Treatment Centre, 1820 Richmond Road SW, Calgary, Alberta T2T 5C7, Canada.
| | - Christine M Friedenreich
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, 2210 2nd St SW, Calgary, Alberta T2S 3C3, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences and Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, TRW 3rd floor, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada.
| | - Chelsea Christie
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, TRW 3rd floor, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada.
| | - Gavin R McCormack
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, TRW 3rd floor, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada.
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Evaluating Urban Bicycle Infrastructures through Intersubjectivity of Stress Sensations Derived from Physiological Measurements. ISPRS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEO-INFORMATION 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/ijgi8060265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A continued shift of human mobility towards sustainable and active mobility modes is a major concern for society in order to reduce the human contribution to climate change as well as to improve liveability and health in urban environments. For this change to succeed, non-motorized modes of transport need to become more attractive. Cycling can play a substantial role for short to medium distances, but perceived safety and stress levels are still major concerns for cyclists. Therefore, a quantitative assessment of cyclists’ stress sensations constitutes a valuable input for urban planning and for optimized routing providing low-stress routes. This paper aims to investigate stress sensations of cyclists through quantifying physiological measurements and their spatial correlation as an intersubjective indicator for perceived bikeability. We developed an automated workflow for stress detection and aggregation, and validated it in a case study in the city of Salzburg, Austria. Our results show that measured stress generally matches reported stress perception and can thus be considered a valuable addition to mobility planning processes.
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20
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Zhang R, Zhang C, Gan Y, Li D, Rhodes RE. Predicting Transport‐Related Walking in Chinese Employees by Integrating Worksite Neighbourhood Walkability and Social Cognition. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2019; 11:484-498. [DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zhang
- Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong SAR
| | | | - Yiqun Gan
- Peking University the People's Republic of China
| | - Danyang Li
- Peking University the People's Republic of China
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Why Some Walk and Others Don't: Neighborhood Safety and the Sociodemographic Variation Effect on Walking for Leisure and Transportation. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE 2019; 26:E24-E32. [PMID: 30969276 DOI: 10.1097/phh.0000000000000992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study was aimed at assessing the association of all components of safety (crime, traffic, social, and physical) and general safety with walking for leisure and transportation among Iranian adults. In this regard, sociodemographic factors as potential effect modifiers on walking behavior and the association of neighborhood safety with the level of walking were explored. METHOD A total of 1300 questionnaires were distributed among respondents residing in 8 neighborhoods in Bandar Abbas city, among which 1132 qualified for use in further analysis. Using a binary logistic regression method, differences in walking behavior and perceived safety to walk were evaluated across sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS The results showed that the walking rate is higher among older adults, married people, and adults with lower education and a higher length of residency. An increase in neighborhood safety from crime, traffic, social disorders, and overall safety associates with increased leisure walking among all populations. Further, overall neighborhood safety and safety from crime and traffic positively correlate with the level of transportation walking among all respondents. For both types of walking, this association varies in sociodemographic groups. CONCLUSION The study suggests that an increase in the safety of a neighborhood contributes to a higher level of leisure and transportation walking; however, it varies in different subgroups. This study provides the knowledge needed to consider all aspects of neighborhood safety to measure walking behavior level.
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Mayne DJ, Morgan GG, Jalaludin BB, Bauman AE. Area-Level Walkability and the Geographic Distribution of High Body Mass in Sydney, Australia: A Spatial Analysis Using the 45 and Up Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16040664. [PMID: 30813499 PMCID: PMC6406292 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16040664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Improving the walkability of built environments to promote healthy lifestyles and reduce high body mass is increasingly considered in regional development plans. Walkability indexes have the potential to inform, benchmark and monitor these plans if they are associated with variation in body mass outcomes at spatial scales used for health and urban planning. We assessed relationships between area-level walkability and prevalence and geographic variation in overweight and obesity using an Australian population-based cohort comprising 92,157 Sydney respondents to the 45 and Up Study baseline survey between January 2006 and April 2009. Individual-level data on overweight and obesity were aggregated to 2006 Australian postal areas and analysed as a function of area-level Sydney Walkability Index quartiles using conditional auto regression spatial models adjusted for demographic, social, economic, health and socioeconomic factors. Both overweight and obesity were highly clustered with higher-than-expected prevalence concentrated in the urban sprawl region of western Sydney, and lower-than-expected prevalence in central and eastern Sydney. In fully adjusted spatial models, prevalence of overweight and obesity was 6% and 11% lower in medium-high versus low, and 10% and 15% lower in high versus low walkability postcodes, respectively. Postal area walkability explained approximately 20% and 9% of the excess spatial variation in overweight and obesity that remained after accounting for other individual- and area-level factors. These findings provide support for the potential of area-level walkability indexes to inform, benchmark and monitor regional plans aimed at targeted approaches to reducing population-levels of high body mass through environmental interventions. Future research should consider potential confounding due to neighbourhood self-selection on area-level walkability relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren J Mayne
- The University of Sydney, School of Public Health, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
- Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Public Health Unit, Warrawong, NSW 2502, Australia.
- University of Wollongong, School of Medicine, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - Geoffrey G Morgan
- The University of Sydney, School of Public Health, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
- The University of Sydney, University Centre for Rural Health, Rural Clinical School-Northern Rivers, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Bin B Jalaludin
- Ingham Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
- Epidemiology, Healthy People and Places Unit, Population Health, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, NSW 1871, Australia.
| | - Adrian E Bauman
- The University of Sydney, School of Public Health, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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A Mixed Methods Study on the Barriers and Facilitators of Physical Activity Associated with Residential Relocation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 2018:1094812. [PMID: 30515227 PMCID: PMC6236931 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1094812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite evidence suggesting that neighbourhood characteristics are associated with physical activity, very few mixed methods studies investigate how relocating neighbourhood, and subsequent changes in the built environment, influences physical activity. This sequential mixed methods study estimates associations between changes in overall physical activity and transportation walking and cycling and changes in objectively assessed neighbourhood walkability (quantitative phase) and describes perceived barriers and facilitators to physical activity following residential relocation (qualitative phase). During the quantitative phase, self-reported changes in transportation walking, transportation cycling, and overall physical activity following residential relocation were measured using a 5-point scale: (1) a lot less now, (2) a little less now, (3) about the same, (4) a little more now, and (5) a lot more now. Walkability improvers reported a slight increase in transportation walking (mean = 3.29, standard deviation (SD) = 0.87), while walkability decliners reported little or no perceived change in their transportation walking after relocation (mean = 2.96, SD = 1.12). This difference approached statistical significance (p=0.053). Furthermore, walkability decliners reported a slight decrease in transportation cycling (mean = 2.69, SD = 0.96), while walkability improvers reported little or no perceived change in their transportation cycling after relocation (mean = 3.02, SD = 0.84). This difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Change in walkability resulting from relocation was not significantly associated with perceived change in overall physical activity. Our qualitative findings suggest that moving to a neighbourhood with safe paths connecting to nearby destinations can facilitate transportation walking and cycling. Some participants describe adjusting their leisure physical activity to compensate for changes in transportation walking and cycling. Strong contributors to neighbourhood leisure physical activity included the presence of aesthetic features and availability of recreational opportunities that allow for the creation of social connections with community and family.
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Porter AK, Kohl HW, Pérez A, Reininger B, Pettee Gabriel K, Salvo D. Perceived Social and Built Environment Correlates of Transportation and Recreation-Only Bicycling Among Adults. Prev Chronic Dis 2018; 15:E135. [PMID: 30412692 PMCID: PMC6266427 DOI: 10.5888/pcd15.180060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Research on perceptions of environmental factors in relation to transportation and recreation bicycling is limited in the United States. We explored the association between perceived social and built environment factors with total, transportation, and recreation bicycling in a sample of adult bicyclists in Austin, Texas, and Birmingham, Alabama. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between perceived social and built environment factors and domain-specific bicycling in a sample of adult bicyclists. Methods Adults aged 18 to 65 who rode a bicycle at least once in the past year completed an internet-based survey that was developed for this study to specifically assess correlates of bicycling; the study was conducted from October 2016 through January 2017. Perceived environmental factors assessed were residential density, traffic safety, destination, connectivity, safety from crime, aesthetics, and bicycle infrastructure. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the association of each perceived environmental factor (tertile 1, lowest; tertile 3, highest) with recreation-only and transportation bicycling. Effect modification of the relation between environmental factors and bicycling outcomes by sex was also examined. Results The final analytic sample size was 801 participants. All environmental factors examined, including residential density, traffic safety, destinations, connectivity, aesthetics, bicycle infrastructure, and safety from crime showed significantly direct associations with transportation bicycling. Traffic safety, destinations, aesthetics, and bicycle infrastructure showed significant direct and inverse associations with recreation-only bicycling. Effect modification by sex was identified with residential density; a significant direct association with recreation-only bicycling was seen among women. Conclusion These findings illustrate that bicycling for transportation is associated with different perceived environmental factors than is recreation-only bicycling, with some significant modification by sex. Comprehensive tools that assess the perceived environment for bikeability in the United States are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Porter
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health in Austin, Austin, Texas. Dr. Porter is now with the Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, 123 W Franklin St, Building C, Ste 410, Chapel Hill, NC 27516.
| | - Harold W Kohl
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health in Austin, Austin, Texas; Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin College of Education, Austin, Texas
| | - Adriana Pérez
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health in Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Belinda Reininger
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health in Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas
| | - Kelley Pettee Gabriel
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health in Austin, Austin, Texas, and The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Medical School, Department of Women's Health, Austin, Texas
| | - Deborah Salvo
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health in Austin, Austin, Texas, and Center for Nutrition and Health Science Research, National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Dr Salvo is now with the Brown School, Prevention Research Center in St Louis, and Center for Diabetes Translation Research, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
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Wang JJ, Wang M, Lau PW, Ainsworth BE, He G, Gao Y. Physical activity as a mediator of the associations between perceived environments and body mass index in Chinese adolescents. Health Place 2018; 54:37-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Boissy P, Blamoutier M, Brière S, Duval C. Quantification of Free-Living Community Mobility in Healthy Older Adults Using Wearable Sensors. Front Public Health 2018; 6:216. [PMID: 30151357 PMCID: PMC6099098 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Understanding determinants of community mobility disability is critical for developing interventions aimed at preventing or delaying disability in older adults. In an effort to understand these determinants, capturing and measuring community mobility has become a key factor. The objectives of this paper are to present and illustrate the signal processing workflow and outcomes that can be extracted from an activity and community mobility measurement approach based on GPS and accelerometer sensor data and 2) to explore the construct validity of the proposed measurement approach using data collected from healthy older adults in free-living conditions. Methods: Personal, functional impairment and environmental variables were obtained by self-report questionnaires in 75 healthy community-living older adults (mean age = 66 ± 7 years old) living on the island of Montreal, QC, Canada. Participants wore, for 14 days during waking hours on the hip, a data logger incorporating a GPS receiver with a 3-axis accelerometer. Time at home ratio (THR), Trips out (TO), Destinations (D), Maximal distance of destinations (MDD), Active time ratio (ATR), Steps (S), Distance in a vehicle (DV), Time in a vehicle (TV), Distance on foot (DF), Time on foot (TF), Ellipse area (EA), and Ellipse maximum distance (EMD) were extracted from the recordings. Results: After applying quality control criteria, the original data set was reduced from 75 to 54 participants (28% attrition). Results from the remaining sample show that under free-living conditions in healthy older adults, location, activity and community mobility outcomes vary across individuals and certain personal variables (age, income, living situation, professional status, vehicle access) have potential mitigating effects on these outcomes. There was a significant (yet small) relationship (rho < 0.40) between self-reported life space and MDD, DV, EA, and EMD. Conclusion: Wearability and usability of the devices used to capture free-living community mobility impact participant compliance and the quality of the data. The construct validity of the proposed approach appears promising but requires further studies directed at populations with mobility impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Boissy
- Orthopedic Service, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Research Centre on Aging, CIUSSS Estrie CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Margaux Blamoutier
- Department des Sciences de l'activité Physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Research Center, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Simon Brière
- Research Centre on Aging, CIUSSS Estrie CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Christian Duval
- Department des Sciences de l'activité Physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Research Center, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Adams EJ, Sherar LB. Community perceptions of the implementation and impact of an intervention to improve the neighbourhood physical environment to promote walking for transport: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:714. [PMID: 29884147 PMCID: PMC5994047 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5619-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using community engagement approaches to develop and deliver interventions targeting small-scale physical environmental improvements in neighbourhoods is a potential strategy for increasing walking for transport. This study aimed to qualitatively assess community perceptions of the implementation and impact of the Fitter for Walking (FFW) intervention, which encouraged communities to work together to improve the street environment on local routes and promote walking for transport. METHODS From 155 FFW community projects, nineteen were selected to take part in a focus group/interview using specified criteria: geographical area; level of community involvement; intervention activities; and project progress. Participants were invited to take part via the project coordinator or lead member of the community group. A written guide was used to initiate and direct discussions through key topics. Deductive and inductive approaches were used to analyse the data and identify key themes relating to the barriers and facilitators for implementation and the perceived impact of the intervention. RESULTS Fourteen focus groups and five interviews were conducted with 86 community members. Themes were identified in relation to barriers (poor area reputation and regeneration areas; engaging the local community; and working with local authorities) and facilitators (provision of a coordinator/facilitator; strong local partnerships; and using a range of communication and engagement activities) for programme implementation. Participants perceived the main impacts to be improved physical and social environments. Increases in walking for transport were rarely specifically commented on, but participants did report increased street use. CONCLUSIONS Community perspectives provided important insights into the barriers and facilitators for the implementation of the FFW intervention and its' potential impacts. Using community engagement approaches can lead to perceived improvements in the physical and social environment resulting in increased street use, which may lead to increases in walking for transport in the longer-term. Recommendations are provided for researchers, practitioners and policy makers in planning and delivering future interventions. Future research should determine optimal implementation strategies, investigate the relative importance of improving physical environments, social environments and using individual behaviour change strategies, and determine how physical and social environments interact to maximise intervention impact on walking for transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Adams
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Lauren B Sherar
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
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Saelens BE, Arteaga SS, Berrigan D, Ballard RM, Gorin AA, Powell-Wiley TM, Pratt C, Reedy J, Zenk SN. Accumulating Data to Optimally Predict Obesity Treatment (ADOPT) Core Measures: Environmental Domain. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26 Suppl 2:S35-S44. [PMID: 29575779 PMCID: PMC5875459 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing interest in how environment is related to adults' weight and activity and eating behaviors. However, little is known about whether environmental factors are related to the individual variability seen in adults' intentional weight loss or maintenance outcomes. OBJECTIVES The environmental domain subgroup of the Accumulating Data to Optimally Predict obesity Treatment (ADOPT) Core Measures Project sought to identify a parsimonious set of objective and perceived neighborhood and social environment constructs and corresponding measures to include in the assessment of response to adult weight-loss treatment. SIGNIFICANCE Starting with the home address, the environmental domain subgroup recommended for inclusion in future weight-loss or maintenance studies constructs and measures related to walkability, perceived land use mix, food outlet accessibility (perceived and objective), perceived food availability, socioeconomics, and crime-related safety (perceived and objective) to characterize the home neighborhood environment. The subgroup also recommended constructs and measures related to social norms (perceived and objective) and perceived support to characterize an individual's social environment. The 12 neighborhood and social environment constructs and corresponding measures provide a succinct and comprehensive set to allow for more systematic examination of the impact of environment on adults' weight loss and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian E Saelens
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, USA
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - S Sonia Arteaga
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David Berrigan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rachel M Ballard
- Office of Disease Prevention, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Amy A Gorin
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tiffany M Powell-Wiley
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Charlotte Pratt
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jill Reedy
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shannon N Zenk
- Department of Health Systems Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Porter AK, Salvo D, Pérez A, Reininger B, Kohl HW. Intrapersonal and Environmental Correlates of Bicycling in U.S. Adults. Am J Prev Med 2018; 54:413-418. [PMID: 29241723 PMCID: PMC5885635 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bicycling is a health-promoting physical activity, but little is known about the factors that influence this behavior in the U.S. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to identify multilevel ecologic correlates of bicycling behaviors in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. METHODS This analysis, conducted in 2016-2017, utilized data from the 2012 National Survey of Bicyclist and Pedestrian Attitudes and Behaviors (n=7,509; N=246,155,593). Weighted logistic regression models were utilized to examine the association between intrapersonal, perceived environment, and objective environment variables and total, recreation, and transportation bicycling. RESULTS Significant differences were identified when bicyclists were compared with non-bicyclists. Respondents whose most recent ride was for recreation had significantly higher odds of being male, younger, white, and college educated, and significantly lower odds of being retired or a homemaker. Respondents who reported that their most recent ride was for transportation had significantly higher odds of being male, younger, and a student, and had significantly lower odds of being a high school graduate. Transportation riders also had significantly higher odds of perceived presence of a bike lane or path within one-quarter mile of their residence, and living in a more rural area. CONCLUSIONS In the U.S., recreation bicycling is a choice-based behavior, whereas transportation bicycling may be more influenced by the perceived and objective built environment. Interventions should consider how to make recreation and transportation bicycling more accessible and affordable to all individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Porter
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
| | - Deborah Salvo
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health in Austin, Austin, Texas; Center for Nutrition and Health Science Research, National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Adriana Pérez
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health in Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Belinda Reininger
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health in Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas
| | - Harold W Kohl
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health in Austin, Austin, Texas; Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine the associations of both objectively assessed and perceived physical and social neighborhood characteristics with happiness in European adults. In addition, we aimed to study how these associations differed among subgroups. METHODS Participants (N = 6037) of the cross-sectional SPOTLIGHT survey reported on their level of happiness using a 5-point Likert scale, and on perceived physical and social environmental neighborhood characteristics. Objective physical environmental characteristics were assessed using a Google Street View-based neighborhood audit. Associations of 14 physical and social environmental characteristics with happiness were analyzed using multivariable multinomial regression analyses with clustered standard errors. RESULTS Living in neighborhoods with higher levels of aesthetics and more water and green space was associated with being very happy. Individuals who perceived their neighborhood to be safer, more functional and more aesthetic were more likely to be very happy. The associations of functionality and aesthetics with happiness were strongest in the Ghent region (Belgium), the Randstad (the Netherlands) and Greater London (United Kingdom). Perceived absence of air pollution was only associated with higher levels of happiness in more highly educated participants. Individuals with a larger social network, more social cohesion and who trusted their neighbors were more likely to be very happy. The association between social networks and happiness was somewhat stronger in men than in women. In general, the associations between environmental characteristics and happiness had similar directions and sizes across socio-economic and socio-demographic subgroups. CONCLUSIONS This European study provided evidence that both objectively assessed and perceived physical and social characteristics of the neighborhood environment are associated with the happiness of its residents.
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Mayne DJ, Morgan GG, Jalaludin BB, Bauman AE. The contribution of area-level walkability to geographic variation in physical activity: a spatial analysis of 95,837 participants from the 45 and Up Study living in Sydney, Australia. Popul Health Metr 2017; 15:38. [PMID: 28974226 PMCID: PMC5627488 DOI: 10.1186/s12963-017-0149-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individual-level studies support a positive relation between walkable built environments and participation in moderate-intensity walking. However, the utility of this evidence for population-level planning is less clear as it is derived at much finer spatial scales than those used for regional programming. The aims of this study were to: evaluate if individual-level relations between walkability and walking to improve health manifest at population-level spatial scales; assess the specificity of area-level walkability for walking relative to other moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA); describe geographic variation in walking and other MVPA; and quantify the contribution of walkability to this variation. METHODS Data on sufficient walking, sufficient MVPA, and high MVPA to improve health were analyzed for 95,837 Sydney respondents to the baseline survey of the 45 and Up Study between January 2006 and April 2010. We used conditional autoregressive models to create smoothed MVPA "disease maps" and assess relations between sufficient MVPA to improve health and area-level walkability adjusted for individual-level demographic, socioeconomic, and health factors, and area-level relative socioeconomic disadvantage. RESULTS Within-cohort prevalence of meeting recommendations for sufficient walking, sufficient MVPA, and high MVPA were 31.7 (95% CI 31.4-32.0), 69.4 (95% CI 69.1-69.7), and 56.1 (95% CI 55.8-56.4) percent. Prevalence of sufficient walking was increased by 1.20 (95% CrI 1.12-1.29) and 1.07 (95% CrI 1.01-1.13) for high and medium-high versus low walkability postal areas, and for sufficient MVPA by 1.05 (95% CrI 1.01-1.08) for high versus low walkability postal areas. Walkability was not related to high MVPA. Postal area walkability explained 65.8 and 47.4 percent of residual geographic variation in sufficient walking and sufficient MVPA not attributable to individual-level factors. CONCLUSIONS Walkability is associated with area-level prevalence and geographic variation in sufficient walking and sufficient MVPA to improve health in Sydney, Australia. Our study supports the use of walkability indexes at multiple spatial scales for informing population-level action to increase physical activity and the utility of spatial analysis for walkability research and planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren J. Mayne
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2006 NSW Australia
- Public Health Unit, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Warrawong, 2502 NSW Australia
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, 2500 NSW Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, 2500 NSW Australia
| | - Geoffrey G. Morgan
- University Centre for Rural Health - North Coast, School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2006 NSW Australia
| | - Bin B. Jalaludin
- Ingham Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052 NSW Australia
- Epidemiology, Healthy People and Places Unit, Population Health, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, 1871 NSW Australia
| | - Adrian E. Bauman
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2006 NSW Australia
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Jáuregui A, Salvo D, Lamadrid-Figueroa H, Hernández B, Rivera JA, Pratt M. Perceived neighborhood environmental attributes associated with leisure-time and transport physical activity in Mexican adults. Prev Med 2017; 103S:S21-S26. [PMID: 27939266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Environmental factors have been associated with specific physical activity domains, including leisure-time and transport physical activity, in some high income countries. Few studies have examined the environmental correlates for domain-specific physical activity in low-and middle-income countries, and results are inconsistent. We aimed to estimate the associations between perceived environment and self-reported leisure-time walking, moderate-to-vigorous leisure-time physical activity and transport physical activity among adults living in Cuernavaca, Mexico. A population-based study of adults 20 to 64years old was conducted in Cuernavaca, Mexico in 2011 (n=677). Leisure and transport physical activity was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Long Form. Perceptions of neighborhood environment were obtained by questionnaire. Hurdle regression models estimated the association between environmental perceptions and participation and time spent in each physical activity domain. High perceived aesthetics were positively correlated with participation and time spent in leisure-time walking and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. SES differences existed for aesthetics in relation to participation in leisure-time walking. Participation in transport physical activity was positively associated with easy access to large parks, while closer distance to large parks was a negative correlate for participation and time-spent in this physical activity domain. Results suggest that perceived environmental characteristics related with physical activity are domain specific. High perceived aesthetics were an important correlate for leisure-time activities among Mexican adults, suggesting that policy strategies aimed at improving this environmental perception may be warranted. Patterns of associations between environmental correlates and transport physical activity differed from those reported in commonly studied high income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Jáuregui
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad 655, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62100, Mexico.
| | - Deborah Salvo
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad 655, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62100, Mexico; Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health - Austin Regional Campus, 1616 Guadalupe St, Suite 6, 300, Austin, TX 78701, USA.
| | - Héctor Lamadrid-Figueroa
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad 655, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62100, Mexico.
| | - Bernardo Hernández
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 2301 Fifth Ave., Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98121, USA.
| | - Juan A Rivera
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad 655, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62100, Mexico.
| | - Michael Pratt
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd., NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Adams EJ, Cavill N, Sherar LB. Evaluation of the implementation of an intervention to improve the street environment and promote walking for transport in deprived neighbourhoods. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:655. [PMID: 28806940 PMCID: PMC5557560 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4637-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Levels of physical activity remain low, particularly in deprived areas. Improving the street environment to promote walking for transport using a community engagement approach is a potential strategy to increase physical activity. An understanding of the implementation of this intervention approach is needed to facilitate further research, replication and scale-up. The aim of this study was to evaluate the implementation of the Fitter for Walking (FFW) intervention in deprived neighbourhoods. Methods FFW was delivered in five regions of England between August 2008 and March 2012 and aimed to use a community engagement approach to improve the street environment to promote walking for transport. Implementation was assessed in relation to reach; dosage; implementation processes and adaptation; and factors influencing implementation. Three data sources were used: focus groups and face-to-face interviews with coordinators; implementation logs; and participation records. Results Reach: 155 community groups participated in FFW engaging 30,230 local residents. Dosage: A wide variety of environmental improvements were implemented by local authorities (LAs) (42 projects) and by communities (46 projects). Examples of LA-led improvements included removal of encroaching vegetation, new/improved pedestrian signage, new dropped kerbs/kerb improvements and new, repaired or improved footpaths. Examples of community-led improvements included planting bulbs, shrubs or bedding plants, clean-up days and litter pick-ups. In 32 projects, no environmental improvements were implemented. Promotional and awareness-raising activities were undertaken in 81 projects. Examples included led walks, themed walks, development of maps/resources to promote improved routes and community events. Processes and adaptation: The need for a planning phase, a preparatory phase, and a delivery phase with a four step process were identified. Adaptability to local context was important. Factors influencing implementation: Five key themes were identified in relation to the barriers and facilitators of implementing FFW: local knowledge and contacts; intervention delivery; coordinator role; working with LAs and other partners; and working with communities. Conclusions FFW is one of few reported interventions which have used a community engagement approach to change the street environment to promote walking for transport in deprived neighbourhoods. Delivering these types of interventions is complex and requires considerable resource and time. A set of recommendations and an implementation framework are proposed for future delivery of this and similar types of programme. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4637-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Adams
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Nick Cavill
- Cavill Associates Ltd, 185A Moss Lane, Bramhall, Stockport, Cheshire, SK7 1BA, UK
| | - Lauren B Sherar
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
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Individual, Social, and Environmental Correlates of Active Transportation Patterns in French Women. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9069730. [PMID: 28717653 PMCID: PMC5498903 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9069730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The objectives were (1) to define physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors (SB) patterns in daily life contexts (work, leisure, and transportation) in French working women from NutriNet-Santé web-cohort and (2) to identify pattern(s) of active transportation and their individual, social, and environmental correlates. 23,432 participants completed two questionnaires to evaluate PA and SB in daily life contexts and individual representations of residential neighborhood and transportation modes. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed which identified 6 distinct movement behavior patterns: (i) active occupation, high sedentary leisure, (ii) sedentary occupation, low leisure, (iii) sedentary transportation, (iv) sedentary occupation and leisure, (v) active transportation, and (vi) active leisure. Multinomial logistic regressions were performed to identify correlates of the “active transportation” cluster. The perceived environmental characteristics positively associated with “active transportation” included “high availability of destinations around home,” “presence of bicycle paths,” and “low traffic.” A “positive image of walking/cycling,” the “individual feeling of being physically active,” and a “high use of active transport modes by relatives/friends” were positively related to “active transportation,” identified as a unique pattern regarding individual and environmental correlates. Identification of PA and SB context-specific patterns will help to understand movement behaviors' complexity and to design interventions to promote active transportation in specific subgroups.
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Pollard TM, Wagnild JM. Gender differences in walking (for leisure, transport and in total) across adult life: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:341. [PMID: 28427376 PMCID: PMC5397769 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4253-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this systematic review was to examine gender differences in walking for leisure, transport and in total in adults living in high-income countries, and to assess whether gender differences in walking practices change across the life-course. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted of publications dated 1995 to 2015. Papers providing quantitative data on participation in walking of both men and women aged at least 18 years in a high-income country were screened for the quality of the data on gender differences in walking. Data were extracted and results were synthesised using forest plots and narrative summary. RESULTS Thirty-six studies were included in the review: 18 reported on walking for leisure, 16 on walking for transport (in total, or for particular purposes), and 14 on total walking. Most (33) studies provided data comparing the proportion of men and women who walked (at all or for a minimum duration) over a defined period, usually one week. There was consistent evidence that more women than men walk for leisure, although effect sizes were small. However, this effect varies by age: more younger women than younger men walk for leisure, but the gender difference diminishes with age and appears to reverse in the oldest age groups. Taking all ages together, there was no consistent gender difference in walking for transport or in total walking, although the small number of studies reporting on walking to undertake errands suggested that more women than men walk for this purpose. CONCLUSIONS While there is little evidence that levels of total walking consistently vary by gender, our findings suggest that there are consistent gender differences in participation in walking for some purposes, including for leisure, and that there are gender differences in the impact of age on walking. We conclude that more research is needed to improve our understanding of how walking fits into the lives of women and men across the life-course, especially in relation to gender differences in the impact of aging on walking. PROSPERO REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration number: CRD42015025961 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa M. Pollard
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Dawson Building, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
| | - Janelle M. Wagnild
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Dawson Building, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
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Oyeyemi AL, Conway TL, Adedoyin RA, Akinroye KK, Aryeetey R, Assah F, Cain KL, Gavand KA, Kasoma SS, Kolbe-Alexander TL, Lambert EV, Larouche R, Mos SJ, Ocansey R, Onywera VO, Prista A, Tremblay MS, Sallis JF. Construct Validity of the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale for Africa. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 49:482-491. [PMID: 27776000 PMCID: PMC5599137 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The development of valid measures of built environments relevant for physical activity is an important step toward controlling the global epidemic of physical inactivity-related noncommunicable diseases and deaths. This study assessed the construct validity of a self-report neighborhood environment walkability scale adapted for Africa (NEWS-Africa), by examining relationships with self-reported walking for transportation and recreation using pooled data from six sub-Saharan African countries. METHODS NEWS was systematically adapted to assess urban, periurban, and rural environments in sub-Saharan Africa. Adults (n = 469, 18-85 yr, 49.7% women) from Cameroon, Ghana, Mozambique, Nigeria, South Africa, and Uganda were purposively recruited from neighborhoods varying in walkability and socioeconomic status, with some from villages. Participants completed the 76-item (13 subscales) NEWS-Africa by structured interview and reported weekly minutes of walking for transport and recreation using items from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. RESULTS The overall "walkability" index had a positive relationship with both walking for transportation (η = 0.020, P = 0.005) and recreation (η = 0.013, P = 0.028) in the pooled analyses. The mixed-use access and stranger danger scales were positively related with transport walking (η = 0.020, P = 0.006 and η = 0.021, P = 0.040, respectively). Proximity of recreational facilities (η = 0.016, P = 0.015), road/path connectivity (η = 0.025, P = 0.002), path infrastructure (η = 0.021, P = 0.005), and overall places for walking and cycling (η = 0.012, P = 0.029) scales were positively related to recreational walking. Country-specific results were mostly nonsignificant except for South Africa and Uganda. CONCLUSIONS Of 14 NEWS-Africa scales, 7 were significantly related to walking behavior in pooled analyses, providing partial support for the construct validity of NEWS-Africa. However, effect sizes appeared to be lower than those from other continents. Further study with larger and more diverse samples is needed to determine whether the instrument performs well in each country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adewale L. Oyeyemi
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
- Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Terry L. Conway
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Rufus A. Adedoyin
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Felix Assah
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Kelli L. Cain
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Kavita A. Gavand
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Sandra S. Kasoma
- Department of Biochemistry and Sports Science, School of Biosciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Tracy L. Kolbe-Alexander
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Estelle V. Lambert
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Richard Larouche
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Sarah J. Mos
- Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | | | - Vincent O. Onywera
- Department of Recreation Management and Exercise Science, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Antonio Prista
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group, CIDAF-FEFF, Universidade Pedagogica, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Mark S. Tremblay
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - James F. Sallis
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
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Ghani F, Rachele J, Washington S, Turrell G. Gender and age differences in walking for transport and recreation: Are the relationships the same in all neighborhoods? Prev Med Rep 2016; 4:75-80. [PMID: 27413664 PMCID: PMC4929074 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Walking as regular physical activity (PA) is central to healthy aging, and environments influence walking. Multilevel neighborhood-based studies that only report average (fixed-effect) walking differences for gender and age implicitly assume that neighborhood environments influence the walking behavior of men and women, and younger and older persons, similarly. This study tests this assumption by examining whether gender and age differences in walking for transport (WfT) and walking for recreation (WfR) are similar or different across neighborhoods. METHODS This paper used data from the HABITAT multilevel study, with 7,866 participants aged 42-68 years in 2009 living in 200 neighborhoods in Brisbane, Australia. Respondents reported minutes spent WfT and WfR in the previous week, categorized as: none (0 mins), low (1-59mins), moderate (60-149mins) and high (≥ 150 mins). Multilevel multinomial logistic models were used to estimate average differences in walking by gender and age, followed by random coefficients to examine neighborhood variation in these individual-level relationships. RESULTS On average, women were more likely to engage in WfR at moderate and high levels (no gender differences found in WfT); and older persons were less likely to do WfT and more likely to do high levels of WfR. These average (Brisbane-wide) relationships varied significantly across neighborhoods. CONCLUSION Relationships between gender and walking, and age and walking, are not the same in all neighborhoods, (i.e. the Brisbane average conceals important information) suggesting that neighborhood-level factors differentially influence the walking behaviors of men and women and younger and older persons. Identifying these factors should be a priority for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Ghani
- Institute for Health & Ageing, Australian Catholic University, Level 6, 215 Spring Street, VIC 3000, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Public Health and Social Work and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Park Road, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Brisbane, Australia
| | - J.N. Rachele
- Institute for Health & Ageing, Australian Catholic University, Level 6, 215 Spring Street, VIC 3000, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Public Health and Social Work and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Park Road, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Brisbane, Australia
| | - S. Washington
- School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Science and Engineering Faculty, Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point, 2 George St, QLD 4000 Brisbane, Australia
| | - G. Turrell
- Institute for Health & Ageing, Australian Catholic University, Level 6, 215 Spring Street, VIC 3000, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Public Health and Social Work and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Park Road, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Brisbane, Australia
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Correlates of Helmet Use Among Recreation and Transportation Bicyclists. Am J Prev Med 2016; 51:999-1006. [PMID: 27866599 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Helmet use prevents injury and mortality if a bicyclist is in a collision while riding. This cross-sectional study sought to identify domain-specific (recreation versus transportation) correlates of helmet use among U.S. adult bicyclists, using nationally representative data from 2012. METHODS This analysis, conducted in 2015-2016, utilized data from the 2012 National Survey of Bicyclist and Pedestrian Attitudes and Behaviors, administered for the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Bivariate logistic regressions identified sociodemographic, behavioral, and environmental correlates of helmet use among U.S. adult bicyclists. Backwards elimination procedures selected final multivariate models for bicyclists' helmet use in both domains. RESULTS Among recreation cyclists, helmet use was significantly associated with income ($30,000-$75,000, OR=1.79, 95% CI=1.04, 3.10; ≥$75,000, OR=2.34, 95% CI=1.38, 3.97), safety training (OR=2.94, 95% CI=1.46, 5.93), not riding at dark (OR=1.92, 95% CI=1.24, 2.98), feeling threatened while riding (OR=2.24, 95% CI=1.12, 4.45), and using bike lanes/paths (OR=2.04, 95% CI=1.42, 2.93). Helmet use among transportation riders was significantly associated with education (less than high school, OR=2.45, 95% CI=1.13, 5.32; post-high school, OR=3.55, 95% CI=1.96, 6.42), income ($30,000-$75,000, OR=2.11, 95% CI=1.17, 3.8; ≥$75,000, OR=2.33, 95% CI=1.26, 4.27), unemployment (OR=0.29, 95% CI=0.11, 0.76), not using electronics while riding (OR=2.3, 95% CI=1.41, 3.75), safety training (OR=3.19, 95% CI=1.44, 7.07), and injury while riding within the past 2 years (OR=2.81, 95% CI=1.14, 6.94). CONCLUSIONS Correlates of helmet use among bicyclists are domain specific. Although confirmatory longitudinal studies are needed, findings suggest that interventions to increase bicyclists' helmet use consider riding domain.
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Mertens L, Van Dyck D, Ghekiere A, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Deforche B, Van de Weghe N, Van Cauwenberg J. Which environmental factors most strongly influence a street's appeal for bicycle transport among adults? A conjoint study using manipulated photographs. Int J Health Geogr 2016; 15:31. [PMID: 27586362 PMCID: PMC5007833 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-016-0058-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Micro-environmental factors (specific features within a streetscape), instead of macro-environmental factors (urban planning features), are more feasible to modify in existing neighborhoods and thus more practical to target for environmental interventions. Because it is often not possible to change the whole micro-environment at once, the current study aims to determine which micro-environmental factors should get the priority to target in physical environmental interventions increasing bicycle transport. Additionally, interaction effects among micro-environmental factors on the street’s appeal for bicycle transport will be determined. Methods In total, 1950 middle-aged adults completed a web-based questionnaire consisting of a set of 12 randomly assigned choice tasks with manipulated photographs. Seven micro-environmental factors (type of cycle path, speed limit, speed bump, vegetation, evenness of the cycle path surface, general upkeep and traffic density) were manipulated in each photograph. Conjoint analysis was used to analyze the data. Results Providing streets with a cycle path separated from motorized traffic seems to be the best strategy to increase the street’s appeal for adults’ bicycle transport. If this adjustment is not practically feasible, micro-environmental factors related to safety (i.e. speed limit, traffic density) may be more effective in promoting bicycle transport than micro-environmental factors related to comfort (i.e. evenness of the cycle path surface) or aesthetic (i.e. vegetation, general upkeep). On the other hand, when a more separated cycle path is already provided, micro-environmental factors related to comfort or aesthetic appeared to become more prominent. Conclusions Findings obtained from this research could provide advice to physical environmental interventions about which environmental factors should get priority to modify in different environmental situations. Trial registration The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Ghent University Hospital. Trial registration: B670201318588. Registered at 04/10/2013. http://www.ugent.be/ge/nl/faculteit/raden/ec Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12942-016-0058-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieze Mertens
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Delfien Van Dyck
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), Egmontstraat 5, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ariane Ghekiere
- Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), Egmontstraat 5, 1000, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 4k3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Human Biometry and Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Benedicte Deforche
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 4k3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Human Biometry and Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nico Van de Weghe
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S8, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jelle Van Cauwenberg
- Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), Egmontstraat 5, 1000, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 4k3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Human Biometry and Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
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40
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Filippidis FT, Laverty AA. Perceptions of opportunities for physical activity in 28 European countries. Prev Med 2016; 86:136-40. [PMID: 26970038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examined the relationship between perceptions of opportunities for physical activity in the local area and physical activity levels in European adults. METHODS Data for 20,673 adults aged 18-64 were taken from the representative Eurobarometer survey (wave 80.2, 2013) of 28 European Union (EU) countries. Achieving recommended levels of physical activity and Metabolic Equivalent of Task-minutes (MET-mins) per week was constructed from self-reports of frequency and duration of walking, moderate and vigorous physical activity. Relationships between these outcomes and perceptions of opportunities for physical activity in the local area were assessed using logistic and linear regressions as appropriate; trends in these perceptions were measured between 2002 and 2013. RESULTS Respondents stating that their local area offers opportunities for physical activity were more likely to meet recommended levels of physical activity (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]=1.56). Across all EU countries the percentage of people reporting that their local area offers these opportunities increased slightly between 2005 (71.4%) and 2013 (79.3%, p<0.001). Reporting that the local area offers opportunities for physical activity was associated with more moderate (17min/week) and vigorous (15min/week) physical activity and with 23 more minutes of walking per week. CONCLUSION Perceptions of opportunities for physical activity in the local area were associated with increased levels of all types of physical activity. Despite small improvements in perceptions of opportunities in the local area over the past decade, a variety of further interventions will be required to reduce the disease burden resulting from low physical activity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippos T Filippidis
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Anthony A Laverty
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
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Kelley EA, Kandula NR, Kanaya AM, Yen IH. Neighborhood Walkability and Walking for Transport Among South Asians in the MASALA Study. J Phys Act Health 2016; 13:514-9. [PMID: 26529292 PMCID: PMC5070655 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2015-0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neighborhood built environment can have a strong influence on physical activity levels, particularly walking for transport. In examining racial/ethnic differences in physical activity, one important and understudied group is South Asians. This study aims to describe the association between neighborhood walkability and walking for transport among South Asian men and women in the United States in the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) Study. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014 using the baseline dataset of the MASALA study (N = 906). Mean age was 55 years old and 54% of the sample was male. Weekly minutes spent walking for transport was assessed using a questionnaire adapted from the Cross-Cultural Activity Participation Study. Neighborhood walkability was measured using Walk Score, a composite index of walkability. RESULTS After adjusting for covariates, with each 10-point increase in Walk Score, South Asian American men engaged in 13 additional minutes per week of walking for transport (P = .008). No association was observed between walkability and walking for transport in South Asian American women. CONCLUSIONS Results provide new evidence for how the effects of environmental influences on walking for transport may vary between South Asian men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alka M. Kanaya
- Dept of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Irene H. Yen
- Dept of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
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Liao Y, Lin CY, Huang JH, Park JH. Gender differences in the associations between perceived environment and walking for recreation in Taiwanese adults. Women Health 2016; 57:551-565. [PMID: 27105304 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2016.1181138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study examined gender differences in the associations between perceived environmental factors and walking for recreation in Taiwanese adults. In 2014, a telephone-based, cross-sectional survey targeting Taiwanese adults (20-64 years) was conducted. Data on nine items about environmental perception, time spent in walking for recreation, and socio-demographic variables were obtained from 1,065 adults using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-long version and its environmental module. Adults who perceived good aesthetics (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.74; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.36-2.23) and reported seeing people being active (AOR = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.21-2.06) were more likely to perform 150 minutes of recreational walking per week. Furthermore, significant interactions regarding walking for recreation were observed between gender and five environmental correlates: access to shops (p = .046), the presence of sidewalks (p < .001), access to recreational facilities (p = .02), seeing people being active (p = .001), and aesthetics (p < .001). These five perceived environmental factors were positively associated with recreational walking in women but not in men. Gender is a potential modifier between perceived environment and walking for recreation in adults. Perceived environmental factors appear to be more critical for women in performing health-enhancing levels of recreational walking than they are for men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung Liao
- a Department of Health Promotion and Health Education , National Taiwan Normal University , Taipei , Taiwan , China
| | - Cheng-Yi Lin
- a Department of Health Promotion and Health Education , National Taiwan Normal University , Taipei , Taiwan , China
| | - Jing-Huei Huang
- b School of Tourism and Hospitality Management , Temple University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Jong-Hwan Park
- c Institute of Convergence Bio-Health , Dong-A University , Busan , South Korea
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Adlakha D, Hipp JA, Brownson RC. Adaptation and Evaluation of the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale in India (NEWS-India). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:401. [PMID: 27049394 PMCID: PMC4847063 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13040401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Physical inactivity is the fourth leading risk factor for global mortality, with most of these deaths occurring in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) like India. Research from developed countries has consistently demonstrated associations between built environment features and physical activity levels of populations. The development of culturally sensitive and reliable measures of the built environment is a necessary first step for accurate analysis of environmental correlates of physical activity in LMICs. This study systematically adapted the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale (NEWS) for India and evaluated aspects of test-retest reliability of the adapted version among Indian adults. Cultural adaptation of the NEWS was conducted by Indian and international experts. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with local residents and key informants in the city of Chennai, India. At baseline, participants (N = 370; female = 47.2%) from Chennai completed the adapted NEWS-India surveys on perceived residential density, land use mix-diversity, land use mix-access, street connectivity, infrastructure and safety for walking and cycling, aesthetics, traffic safety, and safety from crime. NEWS-India was administered for a second time to consenting participants (N = 62; female = 53.2%) with a gap of 2-3 weeks between successive administrations. Qualitative findings demonstrated that built environment barriers and constraints to active commuting and physical activity behaviors intersected with social ecological systems. The adapted NEWS subscales had moderate to high test-retest reliability (ICC range 0.48-0.99). The NEWS-India demonstrated acceptable measurement properties among Indian adults and may be a useful tool for evaluation of built environment attributes in India. Further adaptation and evaluation in rural and suburban settings in India is essential to create a version that could be used throughout India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Adlakha
- Center for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University-Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK.
| | - J Aaron Hipp
- Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management and Center for Geospatial Analytics, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Ross C Brownson
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Division of Public Health Sciences and Siteman Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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Winters M, Teschke K, Brauer M, Fuller D. Bike Score®: Associations between urban bikeability and cycling behavior in 24 cities. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2016; 13:18. [PMID: 26867585 PMCID: PMC4751700 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-016-0339-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is growing interest in designing cities that support not only walking, but also cycling. Bike Score® is a metric capturing environmental characteristics associated with cycling that is now available for over 160 US and Canadian cities. Our aim was to determine if Bike Score was associated with between and within-city variability in cycling behavior. Methods We used linear regression to model associations between Bike Score and journey to work cycling mode share (US: American Community Survey, 2013 or 2012 5-year estimates; Canada: 2011 National Household Survey) for 5664 census tracts in 24 US and Canadian cities. Results At the city level, the correlation between mean Bike Score and mean journey to work cycling mode share was moderate (r = 0.52). At the census tract level, the correlation was 0.35; a ten-unit increase in Bike Score was associated with a 0.5 % (95 % CI: 0.5 to 0.6) increase in the proportion of population cycling to work, a meaningful difference given the low modal shares (mean = 1.9 %) in many North American cities. Census tracts with the highest Bike Scores (>90 to 100) had mode shares 4.0 % higher (β = 4.0, 95 % CI: 2.9 to 5.0) than the lowest Bike Score areas (0–25). City specific analyses indicated between-city variability in associations, with regression estimates between Bike Score and mode share ranging from 0.2 to 3.5 %. Conclusions The Bike Score metric was associated bicycle mode share between and within cities, suggesting its utility for planning bicycle infrastructure. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12966-016-0339-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Winters
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Blusson Hall Rm 11522, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Kay Teschke
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Michael Brauer
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Daniel Fuller
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Health Science Building, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada.
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45
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Slater ME, Kelly AS, Sadak KT, Ross JA. Active transportation in adult survivors of childhood cancer and neighborhood controls. J Cancer Surviv 2016; 10:11-20. [PMID: 25809159 PMCID: PMC4583837 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-015-0447-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) are at high risk of treatment-related late effects, including cardiovascular disease and diabetes, which can be exacerbated by inadequate physical activity (PA). Previous PA interventions targeting CCS have focused on the domain of leisure-time/recreational PA. Active transportation, another domain of PA, has not been described in CCS. Therefore, this study aimed to identify active transportation behaviors, barriers, and correlates in adult CCS. METHODS We recruited 158 adult CCS and 153 controls matched on age, sex, and neighborhood for a survey regarding active transportation behaviors and perceptions. Linear and logistic regression models accounting for correlation among matched participants were used. RESULTS Adult CCS engaged in similar levels of active transportation as controls (2.72 vs. 2.32 h/week, P = 0.40) despite perceiving greater health-related barriers (1.88 vs. 1.65 (measured on four-point Likert scale), P = 0.01). Marital/relationship status (odds ratio (OR) = 0.30, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 0.11-0.81), planning/psychosocial barriers (OR = 0.15, 95 % CI = 0.04-0.53), and perceived neighborhood walkability (OR = 2.55, 95 % CI = 1.14-5.66) were correlates of active transportation among adult CCS, while objective neighborhood walkability (OR = 1.03, 95 % CI = 1.01-1.05) was a correlate among controls. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest adult CCS and controls utilize active transportation at approximately equal levels. Factors other than health, including perceived neighborhood walkability, are related to active transportation behaviors to a greater degree in adult CCS. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS Interventions might consider promoting active transportation as a way to incorporate more PA into the daily lives of adult CCS. Such interventions will not be likely successful, however, without existing or improved neighborhood walkability/bikeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Slater
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Aaron S Kelly
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Karim T Sadak
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Julie A Ross
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
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46
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Mertens L, Compernolle S, Gheysen F, Deforche B, Brug J, Mackenbach JD, Lakerveld J, Oppert JM, Feuillet T, Glonti K, Bárdos H, De Bourdeaudhuij I. Perceived environmental correlates of cycling for transport among adults in five regions of Europe. Obes Rev 2016; 17 Suppl 1:53-61. [PMID: 26879113 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Regular cycling for transport is an important potential contributor to daily physical activity among adults. Characteristics of the physical environment are likely to influence cycling for transport. The current study investigated associations between perceived physical environmental neighbourhood factors and adults' cycling for transport across five urban regions across Europe, and whether such associations were moderated by age, gender, education and urban region. A total of 4,612 adults from five European regions provided information about their transport-related cycling and their neighbourhood physical environmental perceptions in an online survey. Hurdle models adjusted for the clustering within neighbourhoods were performed to estimate associations between perceived physical environmental neighbourhood factors and odds of engaging in cycling for transport and minutes of cycling for transport per week. Inhabitants of neighbourhoods that were perceived to be polluted, having better street connectivity, having lower traffic speed levels and being less pleasant to walk or cycle in had higher levels of cycling for transport. Moderation analyses revealed only one interaction effect by gender. This study indicates that cycling for transport is associated with a number of perceived physical environmental neighbourhood factors across five urban regions across Europe. Our results indicated that the majority of the outcomes identified were valid for all subgroups of age, gender, education and across regions in the countries included in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mertens
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - S Compernolle
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - F Gheysen
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - B Deforche
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Human Biometry and Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Brug
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J D Mackenbach
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Lakerveld
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J-M Oppert
- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Statistiques, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris 06; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - T Feuillet
- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Statistiques, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France
| | - K Glonti
- ECOHOST - The Centre for Health and Social Change, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - H Bárdos
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - I De Bourdeaudhuij
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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47
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Abstract
Previous research shows that children and youth who cycle to/from school are more active and fitter than those who travel by motorized modes. However, rates of cycling are low in many countries, and a better understanding of the correlates of cycling may inform the development of future interventions. This review summarizes the current literature on the built environment correlates of cycling among school-aged children and youth. While both studies of transportation and recreational cycling were eligible, the majority of the 12 included studies focused on the trip to/from school and consistently indicated that shorter distance between home and school is associated with greater odds of cycling. However, little is known about the correlates of cycling for other purposes. Furthermore, other built environment features have not been studied enough to allow strong conclusions to be drawn. Recommendations for future studies are proposed to address the limitations of current evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Larouche
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Room R242, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada.
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48
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Does the Effect of Micro-Environmental Factors on a Street's Appeal for Adults' Bicycle Transport Vary across Different Macro-Environments? An Experimental Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136715. [PMID: 26317754 PMCID: PMC4552783 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Characteristics of the physical environment can be classified into two broad categories: macro- ("raw" urban planning features influenced on a regional level) and micro- (features specifically within a streetscape influenced on a neighborhood level) environmental factors. In urban planning applications, it is more feasible to modify conditions at the neighborhood level than at the regional level. Yet for the promotion of bicycle transport we need to know whether relationships between micro-environmental factors and bicycle transport depend on different types of macro-environments. This study aimed to identify whether the effect of three micro-environmental factors (i.e., evenness of the cycle path surface, speed limits and type of separation between cycle path and motorized traffic) on the street's appeal for adults' bicycle transport varied across three different macro-environments (i.e., low, medium and high residential density street). METHODS In total, 389 middle-aged adults completed a web-based questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic characteristics and a series of choice tasks with manipulated photographs, depicting two possible routes to cycle along. Conjoint analysis was used to analyze the data. RESULTS Although the magnitude of the overall effects differed, in each macro-environment (i.e., low, medium and high residential density), middle-aged adults preferred a speed limit of 30 km/h, an even cycle path surface and a hedge as separation between motorized traffic and the cycle path compared to a speed limit of 50 or 70 km/h, a slightly uneven or uneven cycle path surface and a curb as separation or no separation between motorized traffic and the cycle path. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that irrespective of the macro-environment, the same micro-environmental factors are preferred in middle-aged adults concerning the street's appeal for bicycle transport. The controlled environment simulations in the experimental choice task have the potential to inform real life environmental interventions and suggest that micro-environmental changes can have similar results in different macro-environments.
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49
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De Bourdeaudhuij I, Van Dyck D, Salvo D, Davey R, Reis RS, Schofield G, Sarmiento OL, Mitas J, Christiansen LB, MacFarlane D, Sugiyama T, Aguinaga-Ontoso I, Owen N, Conway TL, Sallis JF, Cerin E. International study of perceived neighbourhood environmental attributes and Body Mass Index: IPEN Adult study in 12 countries. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2015; 12:62. [PMID: 25982214 PMCID: PMC4440250 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-015-0228-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ecological models of health behaviour are an important conceptual framework to address the multiple correlates of obesity. Several single-country studies previously examined the relationship between the built environment and obesity in adults, but results are very diverse. An important reason for these mixed results is the limited variability in built environments in these single-country studies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine associations between perceived neighbourhood built environmental attributes and BMI/weight status in a multi-country study including 12 environmentally and culturally diverse countries. Methods A multi-site cross-sectional study was conducted in 17 cities (study sites) across 12 countries (Australia, Belgium, Brazil, China, Colombia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Mexico, New Zealand, Spain, the UK and USA). Participants (n = 14222, 18–66 years) self-reported perceived neighbourhood environmental attributes. Height and weight were self-reported in eight countries, and measured in person in four countries. Results Three environmental attributes were associated with BMI or weight status in pooled data from 12 countries. Safety from traffic was the most robust correlate, suggesting that creating safe routes for walking/cycling by reducing the speed and volume of traffic might have a positive impact upon weight status/BMI across various geographical locations. Close proximity to several local destinations was associated with BMI across all countries, suggesting compact neighbourhoods with more places to walk related to lower BMI. Safety from crime showed a curvilinear relationship with BMI, with especially poor crime safety being related to higher BMI. Conclusions Environmental interventions involving these three attributes appear to have international relevance and focusing on these might have implications for tackling overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Delfien Van Dyck
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. .,Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Deborah Salvo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
| | - Rachel Davey
- Centre for Research & Action in Public Health, Faculty of Health, Canberra University, Canberra, Australia.
| | - Rodrigo S Reis
- School of Health and Biosciences, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil. .,Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil.
| | - Grant Schofield
- Human Potential Centre, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Olga L Sarmiento
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Josef Mitas
- Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký Universitsy, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Lars Breum Christiansen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Duncan MacFarlane
- Institute of Human Performance, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Takemi Sugiyama
- School of Population Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Ines Aguinaga-Ontoso
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
| | - Neville Owen
- Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Terry L Conway
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, USA.
| | - James F Sallis
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, USA.
| | - Ester Cerin
- Institute of Human Performance, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Centre of Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia.
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50
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Echeverría SE, Ohri-Vachaspati P, Yedidia MJ. The influence of parental nativity, neighborhood disadvantage and the built environment on physical activity behaviors in Latino youth. J Immigr Minor Health 2015; 17:519-26. [PMID: 24162884 PMCID: PMC4760644 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-013-9931-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Little evidence exists examining if parental nativity, neighborhood disadvantage and built environment features are associated with physical activity behaviors in Latino youth. We used a representative sample of Latino youth (n = 616) living in New Jersey to examine parental nativity associations with active transport to school, active use of sidewalks, use of local neighborhood parks, and use of neighborhood physical activity facilities. We estimated prevalence ratios (PR) that accounted for the complex survey design. Latino youth with foreign-born parents were generally more active than their US-born peers, and those with parents in the US 10 years or less were more likely to engage in active transport to school (PR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.04-2.21), after adjusting for census-based neighborhood disadvantage, self-reported neighborhood measures, and geocoded distance to school. Parental nativity status should be considered in policies or interventions designed to increase physical activity among Latino youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra E Echeverría
- Department of Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, 683 Hoes Lane West, Room 205, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA,
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