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Liu Y, Chen Y, Duffy CR, VanLeuven AJ, Byers JB, Schriever HC, Ball RE, Carpenter JM, Gunderson CE, Filipov NM, Ma P, Kner PA, Lauderdale JD. Decreased GABA levels during development result in increased connectivity in the larval zebrafish tectum. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.11.612511. [PMID: 39314470 PMCID: PMC11419034 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.11.612511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an abundant neurotransmitter that plays multiple roles in the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS). In the early developing CNS, GABAergic signaling acts to depolarize cells. It mediates several aspects of neural development, including cell proliferation, neuronal migration, neurite growth, and synapse formation, as well as the development of critical periods. Later in CNS development, GABAergic signaling acts in an inhibitory manner when it becomes the predominant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. This behavior switch occurs due to changes in chloride/cation transporter expression. Abnormalities of GABAergic signaling appear to underlie several human neurological conditions, including seizure disorders. However, the impact of reduced GABAergic signaling on brain development has been challenging to study in mammals. Here we take advantage of zebrafish and light sheet imaging to assess the impact of reduced GABAergic signaling on the functional circuitry in the larval zebrafish optic tectum. Zebrafish have three gad genes: two gad1 paralogs known as gad1a and gad1b, and gad2. The gad1b and gad2 genes are expressed in the developing optic tectum. Null mutations in gad1b significantly reduce GABA levels in the brain and increase electrophysiological activity in the optic tectum. Fast light sheet imaging of genetically encoded calcium indicator (GCaMP)-expressing gab1b null larval zebrafish revealed patterns of neural activity that were different than either gad1b-normal larvae or gad1b-normal larvae acutely exposed to pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). These results demonstrate that reduced GABAergic signaling during development increases functional connectivity and concomitantly hyper-synchronization of neuronal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Yongkai Chen
- Department of Statistics, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Carly R Duffy
- Department of Cellular Biology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Ariel J VanLeuven
- Department of Cellular Biology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - John Branson Byers
- Department of Cellular Biology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Hannah C Schriever
- Department of Cellular Biology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Rebecca E Ball
- Department of Cellular Biology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jessica M Carpenter
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Neuroscience Division of the Biomedical and Translational Sciences Institute, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Chelsea E Gunderson
- Department of Cellular Biology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Nikolay M Filipov
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Ping Ma
- Department of Statistics, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Peter A Kner
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - James D Lauderdale
- Department of Cellular Biology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Neuroscience Division of the Biomedical and Translational Sciences Institute, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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2
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Tanimoto Y, Kakinuma H, Aoki R, Shiraki T, Higashijima SI, Okamoto H. Transgenic tools targeting the basal ganglia reveal both evolutionary conservation and specialization of neural circuits in zebrafish. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113916. [PMID: 38484735 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The cortico-basal ganglia circuit mediates decision making. Here, we generated transgenic tools for adult zebrafish targeting specific subpopulations of the components of this circuit and utilized them to identify evolutionary homologs of the mammalian direct- and indirect-pathway striatal neurons, which respectively project to the homologs of the internal and external segment of the globus pallidus (dorsal entopeduncular nucleus [dEN] and lateral nucleus of the ventral telencephalic area [Vl]) as in mammals. Unlike in mammals, the Vl mainly projects to the dEN directly, not by way of the subthalamic nucleus. Further single-cell RNA sequencing analysis reveals two pallidal output pathways: a major shortcut pathway directly connecting the dEN with the pallium and the evolutionarily conserved closed loop by way of the thalamus. Our resources and circuit map provide the common basis for the functional study of the basal ganglia in a small and optically tractable zebrafish brain for the comprehensive mechanistic understanding of the cortico-basal ganglia circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tanimoto
- Laboratory for Neural Circuit Dynamics of Decision-making, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hisaya Kakinuma
- Laboratory for Neural Circuit Dynamics of Decision-making, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ryo Aoki
- Laboratory for Neural Circuit Dynamics of Decision-making, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shiraki
- Research Resources Division, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Higashijima
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okamoto
- Laboratory for Neural Circuit Dynamics of Decision-making, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; RIKEN CBS-Kao Collaboration Center, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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3
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Ni A, Fang L, Xi M, Li J, Qian Q, Wang Z, Wang X, Wang H, Yan J. Neurotoxic effects of 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate exposure on zebrafish larvae: Insight into inflammation-driven changes in early motor behavior. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:170131. [PMID: 38246379 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The extensive utilization and potential adverse impacts of the replacement flame-retardant 2-Ethylhexyl Diphenyl Phosphate (EHDPP) have raised concerns. Currently, there is limited knowledge regarding the developmental, neurological, and immunotoxic consequences of EHDPP exposure, as well as its potential behavioral outcomes. In this study, we undertook a comprehensive examination and characterization of the toxic effects over the EHDPP concentration range of 14-1400 nM. Our findings unveiled that EHDPP, even at an environmentally relevant concentration of 14 nM, exhibited excitatory neurotoxicity, eliciting a 13.5 % increase in the swimming speed of zebrafish larvae. This effect might be attributed to the potential influence of EHDPP on the release of neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine, which, in turn, mediated anxiety-like behavior in the zebrafish larvae. Conversely, sublethal dose EHDPP (1400 nM) exposure significantly suppressed the swimming vigor of zebrafish larvae, accompanied by morphological changes, abnormal behaviors, and alterations in intracerebral molecules. Transcriptomics revealed the underlying mechanism. The utilization of pathway inhibitors reshaped the inflammatory homeostasis and alleviated the toxicity induced by EHDPP exposure, anchoring the pivotal role played by the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in EHDPP-induced adverse changes in zebrafish behavior and neurophysiology. This study observed the detrimental effects of EHDPP on fish sustainability at environmentally relevant concentrations, highlighting the practical significance for EHDPP risk management. Elucidating the toxic mechanisms of EHDPP will contribute to a deeper comprehension of how environmental pollutants can intricately influence human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyu Ni
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Lu Fang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Miaocui Xi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Jinyun Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Qiuhui Qian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Zejun Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xuedong Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Huili Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Jin Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
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4
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Forsthofer M, Gordy C, Kolluri M, Straka H. Bilateral Retinofugal Pathfinding Impairments Limit Behavioral Compensation in Near-Congenital One-Eyed Xenopus laevis. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0371-23.2023. [PMID: 38164595 PMCID: PMC10849038 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0371-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
To generate a coherent visual percept, information from both eyes must be appropriately transmitted into the brain, where binocular integration forms the substrate for visuomotor behaviors. To establish the anatomical substrate for binocular integration, the presence of bilateral eyes and interaction of both optic nerves during retinotectal development play a key role. However, the extent to which embryonic monocularly derived visual circuits can convey visuomotor behaviors is unknown. In this study, we assessed the retinotectal anatomy and visuomotor performance of embryonically generated one-eyed tadpoles. In one-eyed animals, the axons of retinal ganglion cells from the singular remaining eye exhibited striking irregularities in their central projections in the brain, generating a noncanonical ipsilateral retinotectal projection. This data is indicative of impaired pathfinding abilities. We further show that these novel projections are correlated with an impairment of behavioral compensation for the loss of one eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Forsthofer
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg 82152, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg 82152, Germany
| | - Clayton Gordy
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg 82152, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg 82152, Germany
| | - Meghna Kolluri
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg 82152, Germany
| | - Hans Straka
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg 82152, Germany
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Biales AD, Bencic DC, Flick RW, Toth GP. Effects of Age and Exposure Duration on the Sensitivity of Early Life Stage Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) to Waterborne Propranolol Exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 38146914 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Propranolol is a heavily prescribed, nonspecific beta-adrenoceptor (bAR) antagonist frequently found in wastewater effluents, prompting concern over its potential to adversely affect exposed organisms. In the present study, the transcriptional responses of 4, 5, and 6 days postfertilization (dpf) ±1 h fathead minnow, exposed for 6, 24, or 48 h to 0.66 or 3.3 mg/L (nominal) propranolol were characterized using RNA sequencing. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was used as an estimate of sensitivity. A trend toward increased sensitivity with age was observed; fish >7 dpf at the end of exposure were particularly sensitive to propranolol. The DEGs largely overlapped among treatment groups, suggesting a highly consistent response that was independent of age. Cluster analysis was performed using normalized count data for unexposed and propranolol-exposed fish. Control fish clustered tightly by age, with fish ≥7 dpf clustering away from younger fish, reflecting developmental differences. When clustering was conducted using exposed fish, in cases where propranolol induced a minimal or no transcriptional response, the results mirrored those of the control fish and did not appreciably cluster by treatment. In treatment groups that displayed a more robust transcriptional response, the effects of propranolol were evident; however, fish <7 dpf clustered away from older fish, despite having similar numbers of DEGs. Increased sensitivity at 7 dpf coincided with developmental milestones with the potential to alter propranolol pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics, such as the onset of exogenous feeding and gill functionality as well as increased systemic expression of bAR. These results may have broader implications because toxicity testing often utilizes fish <4 dpf, prior to the onset of these potentially important developmental milestones, which may result in an underestimation of risk for some chemicals. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1-14. Published 2023. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Biales
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Chemistry, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - David C Bencic
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Chemistry, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Robert W Flick
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Chemistry, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Gregory P Toth
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Chemistry, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio
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6
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Uribe-Arias A, Rozenblat R, Vinepinsky E, Marachlian E, Kulkarni A, Zada D, Privat M, Topsakalian D, Charpy S, Candat V, Nourin S, Appelbaum L, Sumbre G. Radial astrocyte synchronization modulates the visual system during behavioral-state transitions. Neuron 2023; 111:4040-4057.e6. [PMID: 37863038 PMCID: PMC10783638 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Glial cells support the function of neurons. Recent evidence shows that astrocytes are also involved in brain computations. To explore whether and how their excitable nature affects brain computations and motor behaviors, we used two-photon Ca2+ imaging of zebrafish larvae expressing GCaMP in both neurons and radial astrocytes (RAs). We found that in the optic tectum, RAs synchronize their Ca2+ transients immediately after the end of an escape behavior. Using optogenetics, ablations, and a genetically encoded norepinephrine sensor, we observed that RA synchronous Ca2+ events are mediated by the locus coeruleus (LC)-norepinephrine circuit. RA synchronization did not induce direct excitation or inhibition of tectal neurons. Nevertheless, it modulated the direction selectivity and the long-distance functional correlations among neurons. This mechanism supports freezing behavior following a switch to an alerted state. These results show that LC-mediated neuro-glial interactions modulate the visual system during transitions between behavioral states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Uribe-Arias
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Département de biologie, École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Rotem Rozenblat
- The Faculty of Life Sciences and The Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Ehud Vinepinsky
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Département de biologie, École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Emiliano Marachlian
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Département de biologie, École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Anirudh Kulkarni
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Département de biologie, École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - David Zada
- The Faculty of Life Sciences and The Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Martin Privat
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Département de biologie, École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Diego Topsakalian
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Département de biologie, École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sarah Charpy
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Département de biologie, École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Virginie Candat
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Département de biologie, École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sarah Nourin
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Département de biologie, École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Lior Appelbaum
- The Faculty of Life Sciences and The Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Germán Sumbre
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Département de biologie, École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France.
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7
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Lamiré LA, Haesemeyer M, Engert F, Granato M, Randlett O. Functional and pharmacological analyses of visual habituation learning in larval zebrafish. eLife 2023; 12:RP84926. [PMID: 38108818 PMCID: PMC10727501 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Habituation allows animals to learn to ignore persistent but inconsequential stimuli. Despite being the most basic form of learning, a consensus model on the underlying mechanisms has yet to emerge. To probe relevant mechanisms, we took advantage of a visual habituation paradigm in larval zebrafish, where larvae reduce their reactions to abrupt global dimming (a dark flash). We used Ca2+ imaging during repeated dark flashes and identified 12 functional classes of neurons that differ based on their rate of adaptation, stimulus response shape, and anatomical location. While most classes of neurons depressed their responses to repeated stimuli, we identified populations that did not adapt or that potentiated their response. These neurons were distributed across brain areas, consistent with a distributed learning process. Using a small-molecule screening approach, we confirmed that habituation manifests from multiple distinct molecular mechanisms, and we have implicated molecular pathways in habituation, including melatonin, oestrogen, and GABA signalling. However, by combining anatomical analyses and pharmacological manipulations with Ca2+ imaging, we failed to identify a simple relationship between pharmacology, altered activity patterns, and habituation behaviour. Collectively, our work indicates that habituation occurs via a complex and distributed plasticity processes that cannot be captured by a simple model. Therefore, untangling the mechanisms of habituation will likely require dedicated approaches aimed at sub-component mechanisms underlying this multidimensional learning process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Anne Lamiré
- Laboratoire MeLiS, UCBL - CNRS UMR5284 - Inserm U1314, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Faculté de Médecine et de PharmacieLyonFrance
| | - Martin Haesemeyer
- The Ohio State University, Department of NeuroscienceColumbusUnited States
| | - Florian Engert
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
- Center for Brain Science, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
| | - Michael Granato
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Owen Randlett
- Laboratoire MeLiS, UCBL - CNRS UMR5284 - Inserm U1314, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Faculté de Médecine et de PharmacieLyonFrance
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8
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Desalegn AA, van der Ent W, Lenters V, Iszatt N, Stigum H, Lyche JL, Berg V, Kirstein-Smardzewska KJ, Esguerra CV, Eggesbø M. Perinatal exposure to potential endocrine disrupting chemicals and autism spectrum disorder: From Norwegian birth cohort to zebrafish studies. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 181:108271. [PMID: 37879205 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is multifactorial, involving genetic and environmental contributors such as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between perinatal exposure to 27 potential EDCs and ASD among Norwegian children, and to further examine the neurodevelopmental toxicity of associated chemicals using zebrafish embryos and larvae. METHOD 1,199 mothers enrolled in the prospective birth-cohort (HUMIS, 2002-2009) study. Breastmilk levels of 27 chemicals were measured: polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and perfluoroalkyl substances as a proxy for perinatal exposure. We employed multivariable logistic regression to determine association, utilized elastic net logistic regression as variable selection method, and conducted an in vivo study with zebrafish larvae to confirm the neurodevelopmental effect. RESULTS A total of 20 children had specialist confirmed diagnosis of autism among 1,199 mother-child pairs in this study. β-Hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH) was the only chemical associated with ASD, after adjusting for 26 other chemicals. Mothers with the highest levels of β-HCH in their milk had a significant increased risk of having a child with ASD (OR = 1.82, 95 % CI: 1.20, 2.77 for an interquartile range increase in ln-transformed β-HCH concentration). The median concentration of β-HCH in breast milk was 4.37 ng/g lipid (interquartile range: 2.92-6.47), and the estimated daily intake (EDI) for Norwegian children through breastfeeding was 0.03 µg/kg of body weight. The neurodevelopmental and social behavioral effects of β-HCH were established in zebrafish embryos and larvae across various concentrations, with further analysis suggesting that perturbation of dopaminergic neuron development may underlie the neurotoxicity associated with β-HCH. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal exposure to β-HCH was associated with an increased risk of specialist-confirmed diagnoses of ASD among Norwegian children, and the EDI surpasses the established threshold. Zebrafish experiments confirm β-HCH neurotoxicity, suggesting dopaminergic neuron disruption as a potential underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anteneh Assefa Desalegn
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456, Oslo, Norway; Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wietske van der Ent
- Chemical Neuroscience Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Virissa Lenters
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nina Iszatt
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hein Stigum
- Department of Non-Communicable Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Ludvig Lyche
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 369 Sentrum, NO-0102, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vidar Berg
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 369 Sentrum, NO-0102, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karolina J Kirstein-Smardzewska
- Chemical Neuroscience Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Camila Vicencio Esguerra
- Chemical Neuroscience Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Merete Eggesbø
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456, Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
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9
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Coomer C, Naumova D, Talay M, Zolyomi B, Snell N, Sorkac A, Chanchu JM, Cheng J, Roman I, Li J, Robson D, Barnea G, Halpern ME. Transsynaptic labeling and transcriptional control of zebrafish neural circuits. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.03.535421. [PMID: 37066422 PMCID: PMC10103993 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.03.535421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Deciphering the connectome, the ensemble of synaptic connections that underlie brain function is a central goal of neuroscience research. The trans-Tango genetic approach, initially developed for anterograde transsynaptic tracing in Drosophila, can be used to map connections between presynaptic and postsynaptic partners and to drive gene expression in target neurons. Here, we describe the successful adaptation of trans-Tango to visualize neural connections in a living vertebrate nervous system, that of the zebrafish. Connections were validated between synaptic partners in the larval retina and brain. Results were corroborated by functional experiments in which optogenetic activation of retinal ganglion cells elicited responses in neurons of the optic tectum, as measured by trans-Tango-dependent expression of a genetically encoded calcium indicator. Transsynaptic signaling through trans-Tango reveals predicted as well as previously undescribed synaptic connections, providing a valuable in vivo tool to monitor and interrogate neural circuits over time.
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10
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Zhu SI, Goodhill GJ. From perception to behavior: The neural circuits underlying prey hunting in larval zebrafish. Front Neural Circuits 2023; 17:1087993. [PMID: 36817645 PMCID: PMC9928868 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2023.1087993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A key challenge for neural systems is to extract relevant information from the environment and make appropriate behavioral responses. The larval zebrafish offers an exciting opportunity for studying these sensing processes and sensory-motor transformations. Prey hunting is an instinctual behavior of zebrafish that requires the brain to extract and combine different attributes of the sensory input and form appropriate motor outputs. Due to its small size and transparency the larval zebrafish brain allows optical recording of whole-brain activity to reveal the neural mechanisms involved in prey hunting and capture. In this review we discuss how the larval zebrafish brain processes visual information to identify and locate prey, the neural circuits governing the generation of motor commands in response to prey, how hunting behavior can be modulated by internal states and experience, and some outstanding questions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu I. Zhu
- Departments of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
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11
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Dixon SC, Calder BJ, Lilya SM, Davies BM, Martin A, Peterson M, Hansen JM, Suli A. Valproic acid affects neurogenesis during early optic tectum development in zebrafish. Biol Open 2023; 12:286129. [PMID: 36537579 PMCID: PMC9916031 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian superior colliculus and its non-mammalian homolog, the optic tectum (OT), are midbrain structures that integrate multimodal sensory inputs and guide non-voluntary movements in response to prevalent stimuli. Recent studies have implicated this structure as a possible site affected in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Interestingly, fetal exposure to valproic acid (VPA) has also been associated with an increased risk of ASD in humans and animal models. Therefore, we took the approach of determining the effects of VPA treatment on zebrafish OT development as a first step in identifying the mechanisms that allow its formation. We describe normal OT development during the first 5 days of development and show that in VPA-treated embryos, neuronal specification and neuropil formation was delayed. VPA treatment was most detrimental during the first 3 days of development and did not appear to be linked to oxidative stress. In conclusion, our work provides a foundation for research into mechanisms driving OT development, as well as the relationship between the OT, VPA, and ASD. This article has an associated First Person interview with one of the co-first authors of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra C. Dixon
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Bailey J. Calder
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Shane M. Lilya
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Brandon M. Davies
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Annalie Martin
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Maggie Peterson
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Jason M. Hansen
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Arminda Suli
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA,Author for correspondence ()
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12
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Sainsbury TTJ, Diana G, Meyer MP. Topographically Localized Modulation of Tectal Cell Spatial Tuning by Complex Natural Scenes. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0223-22.2022. [PMID: 36543538 PMCID: PMC9833049 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0223-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The tuning properties of neurons in the visual system can be contextually modulated by the statistics of the area surrounding their receptive field (RF), particularly when the surround contains natural features. However, stimuli presented in specific egocentric locations may have greater behavioral relevance, raising the possibility that the extent of contextual modulation may vary with position in visual space. To explore this possibility, we utilized the small size and optical transparency of the larval zebrafish to describe the form and spatial arrangement of contextually modulated cells throughout an entire tectal hemisphere. We found that the spatial tuning of tectal neurons to a prey-like stimulus sharpens when the stimulus is presented against a background with the statistics of complex natural scenes, relative to a featureless background. These neurons are confined to a spatially restricted region of the tectum and have receptive fields centered within a region of visual space in which the presence of prey preferentially triggers hunting behavior. Our results suggest that contextual modulation of tectal neurons by complex backgrounds may facilitate prey-localization in cluttered visual environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas T J Sainsbury
- The Centre for Developmental Neurobiology and MRC Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, SE1 1UL
| | - Giovanni Diana
- The Centre for Developmental Neurobiology and MRC Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, SE1 1UL
- Insitut Pasteur, University of Paris, Paris, France, 75015
- Sampled Analytics, Arcueil, France, 94110
| | - Martin P Meyer
- The Centre for Developmental Neurobiology and MRC Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, SE1 1UL
- Lundbeck Foundation, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2100
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13
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Analysis of Axonal Regrowth and Dendritic Remodeling After Optic Nerve Crush in Adult Zebrafish. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2636:163-190. [PMID: 36881300 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3012-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases and central nervous system (CNS) injuries are frequently characterized by axonal damage, as well as dendritic pathology. In contrast to mammals, adult zebrafish show a robust regeneration capacity after CNS injury and form the ideal model organism to further unravel the underlying mechanisms for both axonal and dendritic regrowth upon CNS damage. Here, we first describe an optic nerve crush injury model in adult zebrafish, an injury paradigm that inflicts de- and regeneration of the axons of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), but also triggers RGC dendrite disintegration and subsequent recovery in a stereotyped and timed process. Next, we outline protocols for quantifying axonal regeneration and synaptic recovery in the brain, using retro- and anterograde tracing experiments and an immunofluorescent staining for presynaptic compartments, respectively. Finally, methods to analyze RGC dendrite retraction and subsequent regrowth in the retina are delineated, using morphological measurements and immunofluorescent staining for dendritic and synaptic markers.
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14
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Ma X, Yuan X, Liu J, Shen L, Yu Y, Zhou W, Liu Z, Jiang Y. Gravity-Dependent Animacy Perception in Zebrafish. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2022; 2022:9829016. [PMID: 36128180 PMCID: PMC9470206 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9829016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Biological motion (BM), depicted by a handful of point lights attached to the major joints, conveys rich animacy information, which is significantly disrupted if BM is shown upside down. This well-known inversion effect in BM perception is conserved in terrestrial vertebrates and is presumably a manifestation of an evolutionarily endowed perceptual filter (i.e., life motion detector) tuned to gravity-compatible BM. However, it remains unknown whether aquatic animals, living in a completely different environment from terrestrial animals, perceive BM in a gravity-dependent manner. Here, taking advantage of their typical shoaling behaviors, we used zebrafish as a model animal to examine the ability of teleosts to discriminate between upright (gravity-compatible) and inverted (gravity-incompatible) BM signals. We recorded their swimming trajectories and quantified their preference based on dwelling time and head orientation. The results obtained from three experiments consistently showed that zebrafish spent significantly more time swimming in proximity to and orienting towards the upright BM relative to the inverted BM or other gravity-incompatible point-light stimuli (i.e., the non-BM). More intriguingly, when the recorded point-light video clips of fish were directly compared with those of human walkers and pigeons, we could identify a unique and consistent pattern of accelerating movements in the vertical (gravity) direction. These findings, to our knowledge, demonstrate for the first time the inversion effect in BM perception in simple aquatic vertebrates and suggest that the evolutionary origin of gravity-dependent BM processing may be traced back to ancient aquatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiangyong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jiahuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Li Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yiwen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zuxiang Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230088, China
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15
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Martin A, Babbitt A, Pickens AG, Pickett BE, Hill JT, Suli A. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Characterizes the Molecular Heterogeneity of the Larval Zebrafish Optic Tectum. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:818007. [PMID: 35221915 PMCID: PMC8869500 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.818007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The optic tectum (OT) is a multilaminated midbrain structure that acts as the primary retinorecipient in the zebrafish brain. Homologous to the mammalian superior colliculus, the OT is responsible for the reception and integration of stimuli, followed by elicitation of salient behavioral responses. While the OT has been the focus of functional experiments for decades, less is known concerning specific cell types, microcircuitry, and their individual functions within the OT. Recent efforts have contributed substantially to the knowledge of tectal cell types; however, a comprehensive cell catalog is incomplete. Here we contribute to this growing effort by applying single-cell RNA Sequencing (scRNA-seq) to characterize the transcriptomic profiles of tectal cells labeled by the transgenic enhancer trap line y304Et(cfos:Gal4;UAS:Kaede). We sequenced 13,320 cells, a 4X cellular coverage, and identified 25 putative OT cell populations. Within those cells, we identified several mature and developing neuronal populations, as well as non-neuronal cell types including oligodendrocytes and microglia. Although most mature neurons demonstrate GABAergic activity, several glutamatergic populations are present, as well as one glycinergic population. We also conducted Gene Ontology analysis to identify enriched biological processes, and computed RNA velocity to infer current and future transcriptional cell states. Finally, we conducted in situ hybridization to validate our bioinformatic analyses and spatially map select clusters. In conclusion, the larval zebrafish OT is a complex structure containing at least 25 transcriptionally distinct cell populations. To our knowledge, this is the first time scRNA-seq has been applied to explore the OT alone and in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalie Martin
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
- *Correspondence: Annalie Martin,
| | - Anne Babbitt
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Allison G. Pickens
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Brett E. Pickett
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Jonathon T. Hill
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Arminda Suli
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
- Arminda Suli,
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16
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Vanhunsel S, Bergmans S, Beckers A, Etienne I, Van Bergen T, De Groef L, Moons L. The age factor in optic nerve regeneration: Intrinsic and extrinsic barriers hinder successful recovery in the short-living killifish. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13537. [PMID: 34927348 PMCID: PMC8761009 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As the mammalian central nervous system matures, its regenerative ability decreases, leading to incomplete or non-recovery from the neurodegenerative diseases and central nervous system insults that we are increasingly facing in our aging world population. Current neuroregenerative research is largely directed toward identifying the molecular and cellular players that underlie central nervous system repair, yet it repeatedly ignores the aging context in which many of these diseases appear. Using an optic nerve crush model in a novel biogerontology model, that is, the short-living African turquoise killifish, the impact of aging on injury-induced optic nerve repair was investigated. This work reveals an age-related decline in axonal regeneration in female killifish, with different phases of the repair process being affected depending on the age. Interestingly, as in mammals, both a reduced intrinsic growth potential and a non-supportive cellular environment seem to lie at the basis of this impairment. Overall, we introduce the killifish visual system and its age-dependent regenerative ability as a model to identify new targets for neurorepair in non-regenerating individuals, thereby also considering the effects of aging on neurorepair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Vanhunsel
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research GroupAnimal Physiology and Neurobiology SectionDepartment of BiologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Steven Bergmans
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research GroupAnimal Physiology and Neurobiology SectionDepartment of BiologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - An Beckers
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research GroupAnimal Physiology and Neurobiology SectionDepartment of BiologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | | | | | - Lies De Groef
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research GroupAnimal Physiology and Neurobiology SectionDepartment of BiologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Leuven Brain InstituteLeuvenBelgium
| | - Lieve Moons
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research GroupAnimal Physiology and Neurobiology SectionDepartment of BiologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Leuven Brain InstituteLeuvenBelgium
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17
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Corradi L, Filosa A. Neuromodulation and Behavioral Flexibility in Larval Zebrafish: From Neurotransmitters to Circuits. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:718951. [PMID: 34335183 PMCID: PMC8319623 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.718951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals adapt their behaviors to their ever-changing needs. Internal states, such as hunger, fear, stress, and arousal are important behavioral modulators controlling the way an organism perceives sensory stimuli and reacts to them. The translucent zebrafish larva is an ideal model organism for studying neuronal circuits regulating brain states, owning to the possibility of easy imaging and manipulating activity of genetically identified neurons while the animal performs stereotyped and well-characterized behaviors. The main neuromodulatory circuits present in mammals can also be found in the larval zebrafish brain, with the advantage that they contain small numbers of neurons. Importantly, imaging and behavioral techniques can be combined with methods for generating targeted genetic modifications to reveal the molecular underpinnings mediating the functions of such circuits. In this review we discuss how studying the larval zebrafish brain has contributed to advance our understanding of circuits and molecular mechanisms regulating neuromodulation and behavioral flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Corradi
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Alessandro Filosa
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
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18
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Cooper B, McPeek RM. Role of the Superior Colliculus in Guiding Movements Not Made by the Eyes. Annu Rev Vis Sci 2021; 7:279-300. [PMID: 34102067 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vision-012521-102314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The superior colliculus (SC) has long been associated with the neural control of eye movements. Over seventy years ago, the orderly topography of saccade vectors and corresponding visual field locations was discovered in the cat SC. Since then, numerous high-impact studies have investigated and manipulated the relationship between visuotopic space and saccade vector across this topography to better understand the physiological underpinnings of the sensorimotor signal transformation. However, less attention has been paid to the other motor responses that may be associated with SC activity, ranging in complexity from concerted movements of skeletomotor muscle groups, such as arm-reaching movements, to behaviors that involve whole-body movement sequences, such as fight-or-flight responses in murine models. This review surveys these more complex movements associated with SC (optic tectum in nonmammalian species) activity and, where possible, provides phylogenetic and ethological perspective. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Vision Science, Volume 7 is September 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie Cooper
- Graduate Center for Vision Research, SUNY College of Optometry, New York, New York 10036, USA; ,
| | - Robert M McPeek
- Graduate Center for Vision Research, SUNY College of Optometry, New York, New York 10036, USA; ,
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19
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Lorenzi E, Perrino M, Vallortigara G. Numerosities and Other Magnitudes in the Brains: A Comparative View. Front Psychol 2021; 12:641994. [PMID: 33935896 PMCID: PMC8082025 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.641994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to represent, discriminate, and perform arithmetic operations on discrete quantities (numerosities) has been documented in a variety of species of different taxonomic groups, both vertebrates and invertebrates. We do not know, however, to what extent similarity in behavioral data corresponds to basic similarity in underlying neural mechanisms. Here, we review evidence for magnitude representation, both discrete (countable) and continuous, following the sensory input path from primary sensory systems to associative pallial territories in the vertebrate brains. We also speculate on possible underlying mechanisms in invertebrate brains and on the role played by modeling with artificial neural networks. This may provide a general overview on the nervous system involvement in approximating quantity in different animal species, and a general theoretical framework to future comparative studies on the neurobiology of number cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lorenzi
- Centre for Mind/Brain Science, CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
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20
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Soga T, Nakajima S, Parhar IS. Expression of Repressor Element 1 Silencing Transcription Factor (REST) in Serotonin Neurons in the Adult Male Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus). Front Neuroanat 2021; 14:599540. [PMID: 33776659 PMCID: PMC7990894 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2020.599540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (REST) is highly expressed in the dorsal raphe where serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) neurons are located. REST works as a transcription factor for the 5-HT receptor and tryptophan hydroxylase two-gene expression. We hypothesized that REST is co-expressed in 5-HT neurons, which, if demonstrated, would be useful to understand the mechanism of 5-HT dysfunction-related disorders such as negative emotions and depression. Therefore, the present study was designed to examine the expression of the REST gene in the brain (forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain) of adult male Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) using rt-PCR. Besides, using immunocytochemistry, co-localization of the REST gene was examined in 5-HT neurons and with neuronal-/glial-cell markers. We found a high expression of the REST gene in the midbrain region of the dorsal raphe, an area of 5-HT neurons. Double-label immunocytochemistry showed neuron-specific expression of REST co-localized in 5-HT neurons in the dorsal and ventral parts of the periventricular pretectal nucleus, paraventricular organ, and dorsal and medial raphe nucleus. Since midbrain 5-HT neurons express REST, we speculate that REST may control 5-HT neuronal activity related to negative emotions, including depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Soga
- Brain Research Institute Monash Sunway (BRIMS), Jeffery Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shingo Nakajima
- Brain Research Institute Monash Sunway (BRIMS), Jeffery Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ishwar S Parhar
- Brain Research Institute Monash Sunway (BRIMS), Jeffery Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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21
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Guggiana Nilo DA, Riegler C, Hübener M, Engert F. Distributed chromatic processing at the interface between retina and brain in the larval zebrafish. Curr Biol 2021; 31:1945-1953.e5. [PMID: 33636122 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.01.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) are an ideal organism for studying color vision, as their retina possesses four types of cone photoreceptors, covering most of the visible range and into the UV.1,2 Additionally, their eye and nervous systems are accessible to imaging, given that they are naturally transparent.3-5 Recent studies have found that, through a set of wavelength-range-specific horizontal, bipolar, and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs),6-9 the eye relays tetrachromatic information to several retinorecipient areas (RAs).10-13 The main RA is the optic tectum, receiving 97% of the RGC axons via the neuropil mass termed arborization field 10 (AF10).14,15 Here, we aim to understand the processing of chromatic signals at the interface between RGCs and their major brain targets. We used 2-photon calcium imaging to separately measure the responses of RGCs and neurons in the brain to four different chromatic stimuli in awake animals. We find that chromatic information is widespread throughout the brain, with a large variety of responses among RGCs, and an even greater diversity in their targets. Specific combinations of response types are enriched in specific nuclei, but there is no single color processing structure. In the main interface in this pathway, the connection between AF10 and tectum, we observe key elements of neural processing, such as enhanced signal decorrelation and improved chromatic decoding.16,17 A richer stimulus set revealed that these enhancements occur in the context of a more distributed code in tectum, facilitating chromatic signal association in this small vertebrate brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drago A Guggiana Nilo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Biophysics Graduate Program, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department Synapses-Circuits-Plasticity, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, 81252 Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Clemens Riegler
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Developmental Biology, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mark Hübener
- Department Synapses-Circuits-Plasticity, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, 81252 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Florian Engert
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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22
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Zhang H, Wang H, Shen X, Jia X, Yu S, Qiu X, Wang Y, Du J, Yan J, He J. The landscape of regulatory genes in brain-wide neuronal phenotypes of a vertebrate brain. eLife 2021; 10:68224. [PMID: 34895465 PMCID: PMC8769648 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidimensional landscapes of regulatory genes in neuronal phenotypes at whole-brain levels in the vertebrate remain elusive. We generated single-cell transcriptomes of ~67,000 region- and neurotransmitter/neuromodulator-identifiable cells from larval zebrafish brains. Hierarchical clustering based on effector gene profiles ('terminal features') distinguished major brain cell types. Sister clusters at hierarchical termini displayed similar terminal features. It was further verified by a population-level statistical method. Intriguingly, glutamatergic/GABAergic sister clusters mostly expressed distinct transcription factor (TF) profiles ('convergent pattern'), whereas neuromodulator-type sister clusters predominantly expressed the same TF profiles ('matched pattern'). Interestingly, glutamatergic/GABAergic clusters with similar TF profiles could also display different terminal features ('divergent pattern'). It led us to identify a library of RNA-binding proteins that differentially marked divergent pair clusters, suggesting the post-transcriptional regulation of neuron diversification. Thus, our findings reveal multidimensional landscapes of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulators in whole-brain neuronal phenotypes in the zebrafish brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina,Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Haifang Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina,Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoyu Shen
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina,Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Xinling Jia
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina,Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Shuguang Yu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina,Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoying Qiu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina,Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Yufan Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina,Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Jiulin Du
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina,Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence TechnologyShanghaiChina,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jun Yan
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina,Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence TechnologyShanghaiChina,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jie He
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina,Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence TechnologyShanghaiChina
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23
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Barker AJ, Helmbrecht TO, Grob AA, Baier H. Functional, molecular and morphological heterogeneity of superficial interneurons in the larval zebrafish tectum. J Comp Neurol 2020; 529:2159-2175. [PMID: 33278028 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The superficial interneurons, SINs, of the zebrafish tectum, have been implicated in a range of visual functions, including size discrimination, directional selectivity, and looming-evoked escape. This raises the question if SIN subpopulations, despite their morphological similarities and shared anatomical position in the retinotectal processing stream, carry out diverse, task-specific functions in visual processing, or if they have simple tuning properties in common. Here we have further characterized the SINs through functional imaging, electrophysiological recordings, and neurotransmitter typing in two transgenic lines, the widely used Gal4s1156t and the recently reported LCRRH2-RH2-2:GFP. We found that about a third of the SINs strongly responded to changes in whole-field light levels, with a strong preference for OFF over ON stimuli. Interestingly, individual SINs were selectively tuned to a diverse range of narrow luminance decrements. Overall responses to whole-field luminance steps did not vary with the position of the SIN cell body along the depth of the tectal neuropil or with the orientation of its neurites. We ruled out the possibility that intrinsic photosensitivity of Gal4s1156t+ SINs contribute to the measured visual responses. We found that, while most SINs express GABAergic markers, a substantial minority express an excitatory neuronal marker, the vesicular glutamate transporter, expanding the possible roles of SIN function in the tectal circuitry. In conclusion, SINs represent a molecularly, morphologically, and functionally heterogeneous class of interneurons, with subpopulations that detect a range of specific visual features, to which we have now added narrow luminance decrements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J Barker
- Department Genes-Circuits-Behavior, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas O Helmbrecht
- Department Genes-Circuits-Behavior, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - Aurélien A Grob
- Department Genes-Circuits-Behavior, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - Herwig Baier
- Department Genes-Circuits-Behavior, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Munich, Germany
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24
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Förster D, Helmbrecht TO, Mearns DS, Jordan L, Mokayes N, Baier H. Retinotectal circuitry of larval zebrafish is adapted to detection and pursuit of prey. eLife 2020; 9:e58596. [PMID: 33044168 PMCID: PMC7550190 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal axon projections form a map of the visual environment in the tectum. A zebrafish larva typically detects a prey object in its peripheral visual field. As it turns and swims towards the prey, the stimulus enters the central, binocular area, and seemingly expands in size. By volumetric calcium imaging, we show that posterior tectal neurons, which serve to detect prey at a distance, tend to respond to small objects and intrinsically compute their direction of movement. Neurons in anterior tectum, where the prey image is represented shortly before the capture strike, are tuned to larger object sizes and are frequently not direction-selective, indicating that mainly interocular comparisons serve to compute an object's movement at close range. The tectal feature map originates from a linear combination of diverse, functionally specialized, lamina-specific, and topographically ordered retinal ganglion cell synaptic inputs. We conclude that local cell-type composition and connectivity across the tectum are adapted to the processing of location-dependent, behaviorally relevant object features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Förster
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Department Genes – Circuits – BehaviorMartinsriedGermany
| | - Thomas O Helmbrecht
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Department Genes – Circuits – BehaviorMartinsriedGermany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, LMU BioCenterMartinsriedGermany
| | - Duncan S Mearns
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Department Genes – Circuits – BehaviorMartinsriedGermany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, LMU BioCenterMartinsriedGermany
| | - Linda Jordan
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Department Genes – Circuits – BehaviorMartinsriedGermany
| | - Nouwar Mokayes
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Department Genes – Circuits – BehaviorMartinsriedGermany
| | - Herwig Baier
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Department Genes – Circuits – BehaviorMartinsriedGermany
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25
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Oldfield CS, Grossrubatscher I, Chávez M, Hoagland A, Huth AR, Carroll EC, Prendergast A, Qu T, Gallant JL, Wyart C, Isacoff EY. Experience, circuit dynamics, and forebrain recruitment in larval zebrafish prey capture. eLife 2020; 9:e56619. [PMID: 32985972 PMCID: PMC7561350 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Experience influences behavior, but little is known about how experience is encoded in the brain, and how changes in neural activity are implemented at a network level to improve performance. Here we investigate how differences in experience impact brain circuitry and behavior in larval zebrafish prey capture. We find that experience of live prey compared to inert food increases capture success by boosting capture initiation. In response to live prey, animals with and without prior experience of live prey show activity in visual areas (pretectum and optic tectum) and motor areas (cerebellum and hindbrain), with similar visual area retinotopic maps of prey position. However, prey-experienced animals more readily initiate capture in response to visual area activity and have greater visually-evoked activity in two forebrain areas: the telencephalon and habenula. Consequently, disruption of habenular neurons reduces capture performance in prey-experienced fish. Together, our results suggest that experience of prey strengthens prey-associated visual drive to the forebrain, and that this lowers the threshold for prey-associated visual activity to trigger activity in motor areas, thereby improving capture performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire S Oldfield
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and Graduate Program, University of California BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Irene Grossrubatscher
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and Graduate Program, University of California BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | | | - Adam Hoagland
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Alex R Huth
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and Graduate Program, University of California BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Elizabeth C Carroll
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Andrew Prendergast
- CNRS-UMRParisFrance
- INSERM UMRSParisFrance
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Hôpital de la Pitié-SalpêtrièreParisFrance
| | - Tony Qu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Jack L Gallant
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and Graduate Program, University of California BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Department of Psychology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Claire Wyart
- CNRS-UMRParisFrance
- INSERM UMRSParisFrance
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Hôpital de la Pitié-SalpêtrièreParisFrance
| | - Ehud Y Isacoff
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and Graduate Program, University of California BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Bioscience Division, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyUnited States
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26
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Hughes AN, Appel B. Microglia phagocytose myelin sheaths to modify developmental myelination. Nat Neurosci 2020; 23:1055-1066. [PMID: 32632287 PMCID: PMC7483351 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-0654-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
During development, oligodendrocytes contact and wrap neuronal axons with myelin. Similarly to neurons and synapses, excess myelin sheaths are produced and selectively eliminated, but how elimination occurs is unknown. Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, engulf surplus neurons and synapses. To determine whether microglia also prune myelin sheaths, we used zebrafish to visualize and manipulate interactions between microglia, oligodendrocytes, and neurons during development. We found that microglia closely associate with oligodendrocytes and specifically phagocytose myelin sheaths. By using a combination of optical, genetic, chemogenetic, and behavioral approaches, we reveal that neuronal activity bidirectionally balances microglial association with neuronal cell bodies and myelin phagocytosis in the optic tectum. Furthermore, multiple strategies to deplete microglia resulted in oligodendrocytes maintaining excessive and ectopic myelin. Our work reveals a neuronal activity-regulated role for microglia in modifying developmental myelin targeting by oligodendrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruce Appel
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
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27
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Newport C, Schuster S. Archerfish vision: Visual challenges faced by a predator with a unique hunting technique. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 106:53-60. [PMID: 32522409 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Archerfish are well-known for their ballistic hunting behaviour, in which they shoot down aerial prey with a well-aimed jet of water. This unique hunting strategy poses several challenges for visual systems. Archerfish face significant distortion to the appearance of targets due to refraction at the air/water interface, they search for prey against a complex background of foliage, they change prey targeting behaviour as conditions change, and they must make high speed decisions to avoid competition. By studying how archerfish have overcome these challenges, we have been able to understand more about fundamental problems faced by visual systems and the mechanisms used to solve them. In some cases, such as when searching for targets, the visual capabilities of archerfish are functionally similar to those of humans, despite significant differences in neuroanatomy. In other cases, the particular challenge faced by archerfish magnifies fundamental problems generally faced by visual systems, such as recognizing objects given strong viewpoint dependent changes to appearance. The efficiency of archerfish retrieving fallen prey to avoid kleptoparasitism, demonstrates that their visual processing excels in both speed and accuracy. In this review, we attempt to provide an overview of the many facets of visually driven behaviour of archerfish, and how they have been studied. In addition to their hunting technique, archerfish are ideal for visual processing experiments as they can be quickly trained to perform a range of non-ecologically relevant tasks. Their behavioural flexibility moreover, introduces the opportunity to study how experience-dependence and choice affects visual processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cait Newport
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, United Kingdom.
| | - Stefan Schuster
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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28
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Folgueira M, Riva-Mendoza S, Ferreño-Galmán N, Castro A, Bianco IH, Anadón R, Yáñez J. Anatomy and Connectivity of the Torus Longitudinalis of the Adult Zebrafish. Front Neural Circuits 2020; 14:8. [PMID: 32231522 PMCID: PMC7082427 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2020.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes the cytoarchitecture of the torus longitudinalis (TL) in adult zebrafish by using light and electron microscopy, as well as its main connections as revealed by DiI tract tracing. In addition, by using high resolution confocal imaging followed by digital tracing, we describe the morphology of tectal pyramidal cells (type I cells) that are GFP positive in the transgenic line Tg(1.4dlx5a-dlx6a:GFP)ot1. The TL consists of numerous small and medium-sized neurons located in a longitudinal eminence attached to the medial optic tectum. A small proportion of these neurons are GABAergic. The neuropil shows three types of synaptic terminals and numerous dendrites. Tracing experiments revealed that the main efference of the TL is formed of parallel-like fibers that course within the marginal layer of the optic tectum. A toral projection to the thalamic nucleus rostrolateralis is also observed. Afferents to the TL come from visual and cerebellum-related nuclei in the pretectum, namely the central, intercalated and the paracommissural pretectal nuclei, as well as from the subvalvular nucleus in the isthmus. Additional afferents to the TL may come from the cerebellum but their origins could not be confirmed. The tectal afferent projection to the TL originates from cells similar to the type X cells described in other cyprinids. Tectal pyramidal neurons show round or piriform cell bodies, with spiny apical dendritic trees in the marginal layer. This anatomical study provides a basis for future functional and developmental studies focused on this cerebellum-like circuit in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Folgueira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of A Coruña, Coruña, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), University of A Coruña, Coruña, Spain
| | - Selva Riva-Mendoza
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of A Coruña, Coruña, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Castro
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of A Coruña, Coruña, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), University of A Coruña, Coruña, Spain
| | - Isaac H Bianco
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ramón Anadón
- Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Julián Yáñez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of A Coruña, Coruña, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), University of A Coruña, Coruña, Spain
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29
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Nunes AR, Carreira L, Anbalagan S, Blechman J, Levkowitz G, Oliveira RF. Perceptual mechanisms of social affiliation in zebrafish. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3642. [PMID: 32107434 PMCID: PMC7046791 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60154-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Social living animals need to recognize the presence of conspecifics in the environment in order to engage in adaptive social interactions. Social cues can be detected through different sensory modalities, including vision. Two main visual features can convey information about the presence of conspecifics: body form and biological motion (BM). Given the role that oxytocin plays in social behavior regulation across vertebrates, particularly in the salience and reward values of social stimuli, we hypothesized that it may also be involved in the modulation of perceptual mechanisms for conspecific detection. Here, using videoplaybacks, we assessed the role of conspecific form and BM in zebrafish social affiliation, and how oxytocin regulates the perception of these cues. We demonstrated that while each visual cue is important for social attraction, BM promotes a higher fish engagement than the static conspecific form alone. Moreover, using a mutant line for one of the two oxytocin receptors, we show that oxytocin signaling is involved in the regulation of BM detection but not conspecific form recognition. In summary, our results indicate that, apart from oxytocin role in the regulation of social behaviors through its effect on higher-order cognitive mechanisms, it may regulate social behavior by modulating very basic perceptual mechanisms underlying the detection of socially-relevant cues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Savani Anbalagan
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,ReMedy-International Research Agenda Unit, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; Laboratory of Glial Biology, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Rui F Oliveira
- Gulbenkian Institute of Science, Oeiras, Portugal. .,ISPA - Instituto Universitário, Lisboa, Portugal.
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30
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Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as a widely used model system during the last four decades. The fact that the zebrafish larva is transparent enables sophisticated in vivo imaging, including calcium imaging of intracellular transients in many different tissues. While being a vertebrate, the reduced complexity of its nervous system and small size make it possible to follow large-scale activity in the whole brain. Its genome is sequenced and many genetic and molecular tools have been developed that simplify the study of gene function in health and disease. Since the mid 90's, the development and neuronal function of the embryonic, larval, and later, adult zebrafish have been studied using calcium imaging methods. This updated chapter is reviewing the advances in methods and research findings of zebrafish calcium imaging during the last decade. The choice of calcium indicator depends on the desired number of cells to study and cell accessibility. Synthetic calcium indicators, conjugated to dextrans and acetoxymethyl (AM) esters, are still used to label specific neuronal cell types in the hindbrain and the olfactory system. However, genetically encoded calcium indicators, such as aequorin and the GCaMP family of indicators, expressed in various tissues by the use of cell-specific promoters, are now the choice for most applications, including brain-wide imaging. Calcium imaging in the zebrafish has contributed greatly to our understanding of basic biological principles during development and adulthood, and the function of disease-related genes in a vertebrate system.
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31
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Chhabria K, Vouros A, Gray C, MacDonald RB, Jiang Z, Wilkinson RN, Plant K, Vasilaki E, Howarth C, Chico TJA. Sodium nitroprusside prevents the detrimental effects of glucose on the neurovascular unit and behaviour in zebrafish. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.039867. [PMID: 31481433 PMCID: PMC6765192 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.039867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is associated with dysfunction of the neurovascular unit, although the mechanisms of this are incompletely understood and currently no treatment exists to prevent these negative effects. We previously found that the nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) prevents the detrimental effect of glucose on neurovascular coupling in zebrafish. We therefore sought to establish the wider effects of glucose exposure on both the neurovascular unit and on behaviour in zebrafish, and the ability of SNP to prevent these. We incubated 4-days post-fertilisation (dpf) zebrafish embryos in 20 mM glucose or mannitol for 5 days until 9 dpf, with or without 0.1 mM SNP co-treatment for 24 h (8-9 dpf), and quantified vascular NO reactivity, vascular mural cell number, expression of a klf2a reporter, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 (TRPV4), as well as spontaneous neuronal activation at 9 dpf, all in the optic tectum. We also assessed the effect on light/dark preference and locomotory characteristics during free-swimming studies. We find that glucose exposure significantly reduced NO reactivity, klf2a reporter expression, vascular mural cell number and TRPV4 expression, while significantly increasing spontaneous neuronal activation and GFAP expression (all in the optic tectum). Furthermore, when we examined larval behaviour, we found that glucose exposure significantly altered light/dark preference and high and low speed locomotion while in light. Co-treatment with SNP reversed all these molecular and behavioural effects of glucose exposure. Our findings comprehensively describe the negative effects of glucose exposure on the vascular anatomy, molecular phenotype and function of the optic tectum, and on whole-organism behaviour. We also show that SNP or other NO donors may represent a therapeutic strategy to ameliorate the complications of diabetes on the neurovascular unit.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karishma Chhabria
- Neuroimaging in Cardiovascular Disease (NICAD) Network, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.,Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.,The Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Avgoustinos Vouros
- Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Portobello, Sheffield, S1 4DP, UK
| | - Caroline Gray
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.,The Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Ryan B MacDonald
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.,The Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Zhen Jiang
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.,The Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Robert Neil Wilkinson
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.,The Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Karen Plant
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.,The Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Eleni Vasilaki
- Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Portobello, Sheffield, S1 4DP, UK
| | - Clare Howarth
- Neuroimaging in Cardiovascular Disease (NICAD) Network, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK .,Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Cathedral Court, 1 Vicar Lane, Sheffield, S1 2LT, UK
| | - Timothy J A Chico
- Neuroimaging in Cardiovascular Disease (NICAD) Network, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK .,Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.,The Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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32
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Aliper AT, Zaichikova AA, Damjanović I, Maximov PV, Kasparson AA, Gačić Z, Maximova EM. Updated functional segregation of retinal ganglion cell projections in the tectum of a cyprinid fish-further elaboration based on microelectrode recordings. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:773-792. [PMID: 30612338 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0603-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Single-unit responses of retinal ganglion cells (GCs) were recorded extracellularly from their axonal terminals in the tectum opticum (TO) of the intact fish (goldfish, carp). The depths of retinal units consecutively recorded along the track of the microelectrode were measured. At the depth of around 50 μm, the responses of six types of direction-selective (DS) GCs were regularly recorded. Responses of two types of orientation-selective (OS) GCs and detectors of white and black spots occurred approximately 50 μm deeper. Responses of GCs with dark- and light-sustained activity were recorded deeper than all others, at about 200 μm. The receptive fields of consecutively recorded units overlap, so they analyze the same fragment of the visual scene, focused by eye optic on the photoreceptor raster. The responses of pairs of DS GCs (ON and OFF units that preferred same direction of stimulus movement) and OS GCs (detectors of vertical and horizontal lines) were often simultaneously recorded at one position of the microelectrode. (The paired recordings of certain units amounted about fourth part of all recordings.) This suggests that their axonal arborizations are located close to each other in the tectal retinorecipient layer. Electrophysiological method, thus, allows to indirectly clarify and make precise the morphology of the retino-tectal connections and to establish a morpho-physiological correspondence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey T Aliper
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Kharkevich Institute), Moscow, Russia, 127051
| | - Alisa A Zaichikova
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Kharkevich Institute), Moscow, Russia, 127051
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Ilija Damjanović
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Kharkevich Institute), Moscow, Russia, 127051
| | - Paul V Maximov
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Kharkevich Institute), Moscow, Russia, 127051
| | - Anna A Kasparson
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Kharkevich Institute), Moscow, Russia, 127051
| | - Zoran Gačić
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research,, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 33, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
- , Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Elena M Maximova
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Kharkevich Institute), Moscow, Russia, 127051
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33
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Cham KL, Soga T, Parhar IS. Expression of RING Finger Protein 38 in Serotonergic Neurons in the Brain of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Front Neuroanat 2018; 12:109. [PMID: 30574074 PMCID: PMC6292424 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is one of the major neurotransmitters, modulating diverse behaviours and physiological functions. Really interesting new gene (RING) finger protein 38 (RNF38) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase whose function remains unclear. A recent study has shown a possible regulatory relationship between RNF38 and the 5-HT system. Therefore, to gain insight into the role of RNF38 in the central 5-HT system, we identified the neuroanatomical location of 5-HT positive cells and investigated the relationship between RNF38 and the 5-HT system in the brain of the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Immunocytochemistry revealed three neuronal populations of 5-HT in the brain of tilapia; the paraventricular organ (PVO), the dorsal and ventral periventricular pretectal nuclei (PPd and PPv), and, the superior and inferior raphe (SR and IR). The 5-HT neuronal number was highest in the raphe (90.4 in SR, 284.6 in IR), followed by the pretectal area (22.3 in PPd, 209.8 in PPv). Double-label immunocytochemistry showed that the majority of 5-HT neurons express RNF38 nuclear proteins (66.5% in PPd; 77.9% in PPv; 35.7% in SR; 49.1% in IR). These findings suggest that RNF38 could be involved in E3 ubiquitination in the central 5-HT system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lin Cham
- Brain Research Institute, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Tomoko Soga
- Brain Research Institute, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Ishwar S Parhar
- Brain Research Institute, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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34
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do Carmo Silva RX, Lima-Maximino MG, Maximino C. The aversive brain system of teleosts: Implications for neuroscience and biological psychiatry. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 95:123-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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35
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Yin C, Li X, Du J. Optic tectal superficial interneurons detect motion in larval zebrafish. Protein Cell 2018; 10:238-248. [PMID: 30421356 PMCID: PMC6418075 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-018-0587-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Detection of moving objects is an essential skill for animals to hunt prey, recognize conspecifics and avoid predators. The zebrafish, as a vertebrate model, primarily uses its elaborate visual system to distinguish moving objects against background scenes. The optic tectum (OT) receives and integrates inputs from various types of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), including direction-selective (DS) RGCs and size-selective RGCs, and is required for both prey capture and predator avoidance. However, it remains largely unknown how motion information is processed within the OT. Here we performed in vivo whole-cell recording and calcium imaging to investigate the role of superficial interneurons (SINs), a specific type of optic tectal neurons, in motion detection of larval zebrafish. SINs mainly receive excitatory synaptic inputs, exhibit transient ON- or OFF-type of responses evoked by light flashes, and possess a large receptive field (RF). One fifth of SINs are DS and classified into two subsets with separate preferred directions. Furthermore, SINs show size-dependent responses to moving dots. They are efficiently activated by moving objects but not static ones, capable of showing sustained responses to moving objects and having less visual adaptation than periventricular neurons (PVNs), the principal tectal cells. Behaviorally, ablation of SINs impairs prey capture, which requires local motion detection, but not global looming-evoked escape. Finally, starvation enhances the gain of SINs' motion responses while maintaining their size tuning and DS. These results indicate that SINs serve as a motion detector for sensing and localizing sized moving objects in the visual field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yin
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Xiaoquan Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiulin Du
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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36
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Liao ML, Peng WH, Kan D, Chien CL. Distribution patterns of the zebrafish neuronal intermediate filaments inaa and inab. J Neurosci Res 2018; 97:202-214. [PMID: 30387501 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that the neuronal intermediate filament (IF) α-internexin may plays a role in the formation of the neuronal cytoskeleton during mammalian development. From a phylogenetic viewpoint, zebrafish express inaa and inab as homologs of mammalian α-internexin. However, the distribution patterns of the inaa and inab proteins throughout zebrafish development have not been well-characterized. We generated antibodies specific for zebrafish inaa and inab and analyzed the distribution of these two proteins in developing zebrafish. Inaa was identified in the major subdivisions of embryonic and larval brains as early as 1 day postfertilization (dpf), including the telencephalon, optic tectum, and cerebellum, and inab was also detected in the same regions from 3 dpf to the adult stage. Moreover, we demonstrated for the first time that inaa was distinctively expressed in the photoreceptor-like cells of the pineal gland, where inab was sparsely detected. Besides, the expression of inaa in male adult fish was found to be stable under different photoperiod conditions. Thus, we suggest that inaa is one of useful markers for studies of zebrafish cone photoreceptors not only in the retina but also in the pineal gland. In conclusion, we report that the distribution patterns of inaa and inab are phylogenetically conserved in the telencephalon, optic tectum, and cerebellum. Moreover, inaa and inab had different expression patterns in the pineal gland and retina during zebrafish development. Both inaa and inab are neuronal IFs and their functional roles may be different in various aspects of zebrafish neuronal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Lin Liao
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hau Peng
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine for International Student, College of Medicine, I-Shou University (Yanchao Campus), Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Daphne Kan
- Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Liang Chien
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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37
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Beckers A, Van Dyck A, Bollaerts I, Van houcke J, Lefevere E, Andries L, Agostinone J, Van Hove I, Di Polo A, Lemmens K, Moons L. An Antagonistic Axon-Dendrite Interplay Enables Efficient Neuronal Repair in the Adult Zebrafish Central Nervous System. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:3175-3192. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1292-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Lindsey BW, Hall ZJ, Heuzé A, Joly JS, Tropepe V, Kaslin J. The role of neuro-epithelial-like and radial-glial stem and progenitor cells in development, plasticity, and repair. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 170:99-114. [PMID: 29902500 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) are the primary source of new neurons in the brain and serve critical roles in tissue homeostasis and plasticity throughout life. Within the vertebrate brain, NSPCs are located within distinct neurogenic niches differing in their location, cellular composition, and proliferative behaviour. Heterogeneity in the NSPC population is hypothesized to reflect varying capacities for neurogenesis, plasticity and repair between different neurogenic zones. Since the discovery of adult neurogenesis, studies have predominantly focused on the behaviour and biological significance of adult NSPCs (aNSPCs) in rodents. However, compared to rodents, who show lifelong neurogenesis in only two restricted neurogenic niches, zebrafish exhibit constitutive neurogenesis across multiple stem cell niches that provide new neurons to every major brain division. Accordingly, zebrafish are a powerful model to probe the unique cellular and molecular profiles of NSPCs and investigate how these profiles govern tissue homeostasis and regenerative plasticity within distinct stem cell populations over time. Amongst the NSPC populations residing in the zebrafish central nervous system (CNS), proliferating radial-glia, quiescent radial-glia and neuro-epithelial-like cells comprise the majority. Here, we provide insight into the extent to which these distinct NSPC populations function and mature during development, respond to experience, and contribute to successful CNS regeneration in teleost fish. Together, our review brings to light the dynamic biological roles of these individual NSPC populations and showcases their diverse regenerative modes to achieve vertebrate brain repair later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Lindsey
- Department of Biology, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University Clayton Campus, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Zachary J Hall
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G5, Canada.
| | - Aurélie Heuzé
- CASBAH INRA group, UMR9197 Neuro-PSI, CNRS, 91 198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Jean-Stéphane Joly
- CASBAH INRA group, UMR9197 Neuro-PSI, CNRS, 91 198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Vincent Tropepe
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G5, Canada.
| | - Jan Kaslin
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University Clayton Campus, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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Puga S, Cardoso V, Pinto-Ribeiro F, Pacheco M, Almeida A, Pereira P. Brain morphometric profiles and their seasonal modulation in fish (Liza aurata) inhabiting a mercury contaminated estuary. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 237:318-328. [PMID: 29499575 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a potent neurotoxicant known to induce important adverse effects on fish, but a deeper understanding is lacking regarding how environmental exposure affects the brain morphology and neural plasticity of specific brain regions in wild specimens. In this work, it was evaluated the relative volume and cell density of the lateral pallium, hypothalamus, optic tectum and molecular layer of the cerebellum on wild Liza aurata captured in Hg-contaminated (LAR) and non-contaminated (SJ) sites of a coastal system (Ria de Aveiro, Portugal). Given the season-related variations in the environment that fish are naturally exposed, this assessment was performed in the winter and summer. Hg triggered a deficit in cell density of hypothalamus during the winter that could lead to hormonal dysfunctions, while in the summer Hg promoted larger volumes of the optic tectum and cerebellum, indicating the warm period as the most critical for the manifestation of putative changes in visual acuity and motor-dependent tasks. Moreover, in fish from the SJ site, the lateral pallium relative volume and the cell density of the hypothalamus and optic tectum were higher in the winter than in summer. Thus, season-related stimuli strongly influence the size and/or cell density of specific brain regions in the non-contaminated area, pointing out the ability of fish to adapt to environmental and physiological demands. Conversely, fish from the Hg-contaminated site showed a distinct seasonal profile of brain morphology, presenting a larger optic tectum in the summer, as well as a larger molecular layer of the cerebellum with higher cell density. Moreover, Hg exposure impaired the winter-summer variation of the lateral pallium relative size (as observed at SJ). Altogether, seasonal variations in fish neural morphology and physiology should be considered when performing ecotoxicological studies in order to better discriminate the Hg neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Puga
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine (EM), Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4750-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Vera Cardoso
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine (EM), Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4750-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Filipa Pinto-Ribeiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine (EM), Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4750-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Mário Pacheco
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Armando Almeida
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine (EM), Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4750-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Pereira
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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40
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Pietri T, Romano SA, Pérez-Schuster V, Boulanger-Weill J, Candat V, Sumbre G. The Emergence of the Spatial Structure of Tectal Spontaneous Activity Is Independent of Visual Inputs. Cell Rep 2018; 19:939-948. [PMID: 28467907 PMCID: PMC5437726 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is spontaneously active, even in the absence of sensory stimulation. The functionally mature zebrafish optic tectum shows spontaneous activity patterns reflecting a functional connectivity adapted for the circuit’s functional role and predictive of behavior. However, neither the emergence of these patterns during development nor the role of retinal inputs in their maturation has been characterized. Using two-photon calcium imaging, we analyzed spontaneous activity in intact and enucleated zebrafish larvae throughout tectum development. At the onset of retinotectal connections, intact larvae showed major changes in the spatiotemporal structure of spontaneous activity. Although the absence of retinal inputs had a significant impact on the development of the temporal structure, the tectum was still capable of developing a spatial structure associated with the circuit’s functional roles and predictive of behavior. We conclude that neither visual experience nor intrinsic retinal activity is essential for the emergence of a spatially structured functional circuit. Development of tectal circuitry is influenced by the onset of retinal inputs Enucleations impact the development of the tectum’s spontaneous activity correlations Enucleations only delay the topography of the correlated activity In the absence of retinal inputs, the tectal circuitry is capable of predicting behavior
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Pietri
- IBENS, Département de Biologie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Inserm, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sebastián A Romano
- IBENS, Département de Biologie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Inserm, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Verónica Pérez-Schuster
- IBENS, Département de Biologie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Inserm, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jonathan Boulanger-Weill
- IBENS, Département de Biologie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Inserm, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Virginie Candat
- IBENS, Département de Biologie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Inserm, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Germán Sumbre
- IBENS, Département de Biologie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Inserm, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France.
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41
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Visual Experience Facilitates BDNF-Dependent Adaptive Recruitment of New Neurons in the Postembryonic Optic Tectum. J Neurosci 2018; 38:2000-2014. [PMID: 29363581 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1962-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Postembryonic brain development is sensitive to environmental input and sensory experience, but the mechanisms underlying healthy adaptive brain growth are poorly understood. Here, we tested the importance of visual experience on larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) postembryonic development of the optic tectum (OT), a midbrain structure involved in visually guided behavior. We first characterized postembryonic neurogenic growth in OT, in which new neurons are generated along the caudal tectal surface and contribute appositionally to anatomical growth. Restricting visual experience during development by rearing larvae in dim light impaired OT anatomical and neurogenic growth, specifically by reducing the survival of new neurons in the medial periventricular gray zone. Neuronal survival in the OT was reduced only when visual experience was restricted for the first 5 d following new neuron generation, suggesting that tectal neurons exhibit an early sensitive period in which visual experience protects these cells from subsequent neuronal loss. The effect of dim rearing on neuronal survival was mimicked by treatment with an NMDA receptor antagonist early, but not later, in a new neuron's life. Both dim rearing and antagonist treatment reduced BDNF production in the OT, and supplementing larvae with exogenous BDNF during dim rearing prevented neuronal loss, suggesting that visual experience protects new tectal neurons through neural activity-dependent BDNF expression. Collectively, we present evidence for a sensitive period of neurogenic adaptive growth in the larval zebrafish OT that relies on visual experience-dependent mechanisms.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Early brain development is shaped by environmental factors via sensory input; however, this form of experience-dependent neuroplasticity is traditionally studied as structural and functional changes within preexisting neurons. Here, we found that restricting visual experience affects development of the larval zebrafish optic tectum, a midbrain structure involved in visually guided behavior, by limiting the survival of newly generated neurons. We found that new tectal neurons exhibit a sensitive period soon after cell birth in which adequate visual experience, likely mediated by neuronal activity driving BDNF production within the tectum, would protect them from subsequent neuronal loss over the following week. Collectively, we present evidence for neurogenic adaptive tectal growth under different environmental lighting conditions.
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42
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Heap LA, Vanwalleghem GC, Thompson AW, Favre-Bulle I, Rubinsztein-Dunlop H, Scott EK. Hypothalamic Projections to the Optic Tectum in Larval Zebrafish. Front Neuroanat 2018; 11:135. [PMID: 29403362 PMCID: PMC5777135 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2017.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The optic tectum of larval zebrafish is an important model for understanding visual processing in vertebrates. The tectum has been traditionally viewed as dominantly visual, with a majority of studies focusing on the processes by which tectal circuits receive and process retinally-derived visual information. Recently, a handful of studies have shown a much more complex role for the optic tectum in larval zebrafish, and anatomical and functional data from these studies suggest that this role extends beyond the visual system, and beyond the processing of exclusively retinal inputs. Consistent with this evolving view of the tectum, we have used a Gal4 enhancer trap line to identify direct projections from rostral hypothalamus (RH) to the tectal neuropil of larval zebrafish. These projections ramify within the deepest laminae of the tectal neuropil, the stratum album centrale (SAC)/stratum griseum periventriculare (SPV), and also innervate strata distinct from those innervated by retinal projections. Using optogenetic stimulation of the hypothalamic projection neurons paired with calcium imaging in the tectum, we find rebound firing in tectal neurons consistent with hypothalamic inhibitory input. Our results suggest that tectal processing in larval zebrafish is modulated by hypothalamic inhibitory inputs to the deep tectal neuropil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy A. Heap
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Andrew W. Thompson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Itia Favre-Bulle
- School of Maths and Physics, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Ethan K. Scott
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
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43
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Freifeld L, Odstrcil I, Förster D, Ramirez A, Gagnon JA, Randlett O, Costa EK, Asano S, Celiker OT, Gao R, Martin-Alarcon DA, Reginato P, Dick C, Chen L, Schoppik D, Engert F, Baier H, Boyden ES. Expansion microscopy of zebrafish for neuroscience and developmental biology studies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E10799-E10808. [PMID: 29162696 PMCID: PMC5740639 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1706281114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Expansion microscopy (ExM) allows scalable imaging of preserved 3D biological specimens with nanoscale resolution on fast diffraction-limited microscopes. Here, we explore the utility of ExM in the larval and embryonic zebrafish, an important model organism for the study of neuroscience and development. Regarding neuroscience, we found that ExM enabled the tracing of fine processes of radial glia, which are not resolvable with diffraction-limited microscopy. ExM further resolved putative synaptic connections, as well as molecular differences between densely packed synapses. Finally, ExM could resolve subsynaptic protein organization, such as ring-like structures composed of glycine receptors. Regarding development, we used ExM to characterize the shapes of nuclear invaginations and channels, and to visualize cytoskeletal proteins nearby. We detected nuclear invagination channels at late prophase and telophase, potentially suggesting roles for such channels in cell division. Thus, ExM of the larval and embryonic zebrafish may enable systematic studies of how molecular components are configured in multiple contexts of interest to neuroscience and developmental biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limor Freifeld
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Iris Odstrcil
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Dominique Förster
- Department Genes-Circuits-Behavior, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Alyson Ramirez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - James A Gagnon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Owen Randlett
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Emma K Costa
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Shoh Asano
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Orhan T Celiker
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Ruixuan Gao
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | | | - Paul Reginato
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Cortni Dick
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Linlin Chen
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139
- Neuroscience Program, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481
| | - David Schoppik
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York NY 10016
| | - Florian Engert
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Herwig Baier
- Department Genes-Circuits-Behavior, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Edward S Boyden
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139;
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Center for Neurobiological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139
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44
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Pérez-Schuster V, Kulkarni A, Nouvian M, Romano SA, Lygdas K, Jouary A, Dipoppa M, Pietri T, Haudrechy M, Candat V, Boulanger-Weill J, Hakim V, Sumbre G. Sustained Rhythmic Brain Activity Underlies Visual Motion Perception in Zebrafish. Cell Rep 2017; 17:1098-1112. [PMID: 27760314 PMCID: PMC5081404 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Following moving visual stimuli (conditioning stimuli, CS), many organisms perceive, in the absence of physical stimuli, illusory motion in the opposite direction. This phenomenon is known as the motion aftereffect (MAE). Here, we use MAE as a tool to study the neuronal basis of visual motion perception in zebrafish larvae. Using zebrafish eye movements as an indicator of visual motion perception, we find that larvae perceive MAE. Blocking eye movements using optogenetics during CS presentation did not affect MAE, but tectal ablation significantly weakened it. Using two-photon calcium imaging of behaving GCaMP3 larvae, we find post-stimulation sustained rhythmic activity among direction-selective tectal neurons associated with the perception of MAE. In addition, tectal neurons tuned to the CS direction habituated, but neurons in the retina did not. Finally, a model based on competition between direction-selective neurons reproduced MAE, suggesting a neuronal circuit capable of generating perception of visual motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Pérez-Schuster
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS, IBENS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Anirudh Kulkarni
- Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Morgane Nouvian
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS, IBENS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sebastián A Romano
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS, IBENS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Konstantinos Lygdas
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS, IBENS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Adrien Jouary
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS, IBENS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mario Dipoppa
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS, IBENS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Pietri
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS, IBENS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Haudrechy
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS, IBENS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Virginie Candat
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS, IBENS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jonathan Boulanger-Weill
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS, IBENS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Hakim
- Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Germán Sumbre
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS, IBENS, 75005 Paris, France.
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45
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Riley E, Maymi V, Pawlyszyn S, Yu L, Zhdanova IV. Prenatal cocaine exposure disrupts the dopaminergic system and its postnatal responses to cocaine. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2017; 17:e12436. [PMID: 29105298 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Impaired attention is the hallmark consequence of prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE), affecting brain development, learning, memory and social adaptation starting at an early age. To date, little is known about the brain structures and neurochemical processes involved in this effect. Through focusing on the visual system and employing zebrafish as a model, we show that PCE reduces expression of dopamine receptor Drd1, with levels reduced in the optic tectum and other brain regions, but not the telencephalon. Organism-wide, PCE results in a 1.7-fold reduction in the expression of the dopamine transporter (dat), at baseline. Acute cocaine administration leads to a 2-fold reduction in dat in drug-naive larvae but not PCE fish. PCE sensitizes animals to an anxiogenic-like behavioral effect of acute cocaine, bottom-dwelling, while loss of DAT due to genetic knockout (DATKO) leads to bottom-dwelling behavior at baseline. Neuronal calcium responses to visual stimuli in both PCE and DATKO fish show tolerance to acute cocaine in the principal regions of visual attention, the telencephalon and optic tectum. The zebrafish model can provide a sensitive assay by which to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and brain region-specific consequences of PCE, and facilitate the search for effective therapeutic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Riley
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - V Maymi
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,BioChron LLC, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - S Pawlyszyn
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - L Yu
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,BioChron LLC, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - I V Zhdanova
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,BioChron LLC, Worcester, Massachusetts
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46
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Avitan L, Pujic Z, Mölter J, Van De Poll M, Sun B, Teng H, Amor R, Scott EK, Goodhill GJ. Spontaneous Activity in the Zebrafish Tectum Reorganizes over Development and Is Influenced by Visual Experience. Curr Biol 2017; 27:2407-2419.e4. [PMID: 28781054 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous patterns of activity in the developing visual system may play an important role in shaping the brain for function. During the period 4-9 dpf (days post-fertilization), larval zebrafish learn to hunt prey, a behavior that is critically dependent on the optic tectum. However, how spontaneous activity develops in the tectum over this period and the effect of visual experience are unknown. Here we performed two-photon calcium imaging of GCaMP6s zebrafish larvae at all days from 4 to 9 dpf. Using recently developed graph theoretic techniques, we found significant changes in both single-cell and population activity characteristics over development. In particular, we identified days 5-6 as a critical moment in the reorganization of the underlying functional network. Altering visual experience early in development altered the statistics of tectal activity, and dark rearing also caused a long-lasting deficit in the ability to capture prey. Thus, tectal development is shaped by both intrinsic factors and visual experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilach Avitan
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zac Pujic
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jan Mölter
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Matthew Van De Poll
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Biao Sun
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Haotian Teng
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Rumelo Amor
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ethan K Scott
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Geoffrey J Goodhill
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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47
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Förster D, Dal Maschio M, Laurell E, Baier H. An optogenetic toolbox for unbiased discovery of functionally connected cells in neural circuits. Nat Commun 2017; 8:116. [PMID: 28740141 PMCID: PMC5524645 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00160-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical imaging approaches have revolutionized our ability to monitor neural network dynamics, but by themselves are unable to link a neuron’s activity to its functional connectivity. We present a versatile genetic toolbox, termed ‘Optobow’, for all-optical discovery of excitatory connections in vivo. By combining the Gal4-UAS system with Cre/lox recombination, we target the optogenetic actuator ChrimsonR and the sensor GCaMP6 to stochastically labeled, nonoverlapping and sparse subsets of neurons. Photostimulation of single cells using two-photon computer-generated holography evokes calcium responses in downstream neurons. Morphological reconstruction of neurite arbors, response latencies and localization of presynaptic markers suggest that some neuron pairs recorded here are directly connected, while others are two or more synapses apart from each other. With this toolbox, we discover wiring principles between specific cell types in the larval zebrafish tectum. Optobow should be useful for identification and manipulation of networks of interconnected neurons, even in dense neural tissues. Mechanisms of neural processing can only be understood by revealing patterns of connectivity among the cellular components of the circuit. Here the authors report a new genetic toolbox, ‘Optobow’, which enables simultaneous optogenetic activation of single neurons in zebrafish and measuring the activity of downstream neurons in the network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Förster
- Department Genes-Circuits-Behavior, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Marco Dal Maschio
- Department Genes-Circuits-Behavior, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Eva Laurell
- Department Genes-Circuits-Behavior, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Herwig Baier
- Department Genes-Circuits-Behavior, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany.
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48
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Förster D, Arnold-Ammer I, Laurell E, Barker AJ, Fernandes AM, Finger-Baier K, Filosa A, Helmbrecht TO, Kölsch Y, Kühn E, Robles E, Slanchev K, Thiele TR, Baier H, Kubo F. Genetic targeting and anatomical registration of neuronal populations in the zebrafish brain with a new set of BAC transgenic tools. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5230. [PMID: 28701772 PMCID: PMC5507991 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04657-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic access to small, reproducible sets of neurons is key to an understanding of the functional wiring of the brain. Here we report the generation of a new Gal4- and Cre-driver resource for zebrafish neurobiology. Candidate genes, including cell type-specific transcription factors, neurotransmitter-synthesizing enzymes and neuropeptides, were selected according to their expression patterns in small and unique subsets of neurons from diverse brain regions. BAC recombineering, followed by Tol2 transgenesis, was used to generate driver lines that label neuronal populations in patterns that, to a large but variable extent, recapitulate the endogenous gene expression. We used image registration to characterize, compare, and digitally superimpose the labeling patterns from our newly generated transgenic lines. This analysis revealed highly restricted and mutually exclusive tissue distributions, with striking resolution of layered brain regions such as the tectum or the rhombencephalon. We further show that a combination of Gal4 and Cre transgenes allows intersectional expression of a fluorescent reporter in regions where the expression of the two drivers overlaps. Taken together, our study offers new tools for functional studies of specific neural circuits in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Förster
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Department Genes - Circuits - Behavior, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Irene Arnold-Ammer
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Department Genes - Circuits - Behavior, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Eva Laurell
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Department Genes - Circuits - Behavior, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Alison J Barker
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Department Genes - Circuits - Behavior, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152, Martinsried, Germany.,Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - António M Fernandes
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Department Genes - Circuits - Behavior, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Karin Finger-Baier
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Department Genes - Circuits - Behavior, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Alessandro Filosa
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Department Genes - Circuits - Behavior, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152, Martinsried, Germany.,Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas O Helmbrecht
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Department Genes - Circuits - Behavior, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Yvonne Kölsch
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Department Genes - Circuits - Behavior, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Enrico Kühn
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Department Genes - Circuits - Behavior, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Estuardo Robles
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Department Genes - Circuits - Behavior, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152, Martinsried, Germany.,Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Krasimir Slanchev
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Department Genes - Circuits - Behavior, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Tod R Thiele
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Department Genes - Circuits - Behavior, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152, Martinsried, Germany.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Canada
| | - Herwig Baier
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Department Genes - Circuits - Behavior, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152, Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Fumi Kubo
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Department Genes - Circuits - Behavior, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152, Martinsried, Germany.
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49
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Boulanger-Weill J, Candat V, Jouary A, Romano SA, Pérez-Schuster V, Sumbre G. Functional Interactions between Newborn and Mature Neurons Leading to Integration into Established Neuronal Circuits. Curr Biol 2017; 27:1707-1720.e5. [PMID: 28578928 PMCID: PMC5483231 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
From development up to adulthood, the vertebrate brain is continuously supplied with newborn neurons that integrate into established mature circuits. However, how this process is coordinated during development remains unclear. Using two-photon imaging, GCaMP5 transgenic zebrafish larvae, and sparse electroporation in the larva's optic tectum, we monitored spontaneous and induced activity of large neuronal populations containing newborn and functionally mature neurons. We observed that the maturation of newborn neurons is a 4-day process. Initially, newborn neurons showed undeveloped dendritic arbors, no neurotransmitter identity, and were unresponsive to visual stimulation, although they displayed spontaneous calcium transients. Later on, newborn-labeled neurons began to respond to visual stimuli but in a very variable manner. At the end of the maturation period, newborn-labeled neurons exhibited visual tuning curves (spatial receptive fields and direction selectivity) and spontaneous correlated activity with neighboring functionally mature neurons. At this developmental stage, newborn-labeled neurons presented complex dendritic arbors and neurotransmitter identity (excitatory or inhibitory). Removal of retinal inputs significantly perturbed the integration of newborn neurons into the functionally mature tectal network. Our results provide a comprehensive description of the maturation of newborn neurons during development and shed light on potential mechanisms underlying their integration into a functionally mature neuronal circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Boulanger-Weill
- IBENS, Département de Biologie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Inserm, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Virginie Candat
- IBENS, Département de Biologie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Inserm, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Adrien Jouary
- IBENS, Département de Biologie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Inserm, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sebastián A Romano
- IBENS, Département de Biologie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Inserm, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France; Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires - CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica Pérez-Schuster
- IBENS, Département de Biologie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Inserm, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France; Laboratorio de Neurobiología de la Memoria, Departamento Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, FCEyN, UBA and IFIBYNE-CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Física, FCEyN, UBA and IFIBA-CONICET, Pabellón 1, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Germán Sumbre
- IBENS, Département de Biologie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Inserm, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France.
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50
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Herget U, Gutierrez-Triana JA, Salazar Thula O, Knerr B, Ryu S. Single-Cell Reconstruction of Oxytocinergic Neurons Reveals Separate Hypophysiotropic and Encephalotropic Subtypes in Larval Zebrafish. eNeuro 2017; 4:ENEURO.0278-16.2016. [PMID: 28317020 PMCID: PMC5356222 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0278-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin regulates a diverse set of processes including stress, analgesia, metabolism, and social behavior. How such diverse functions are mediated by a single hormonal system is not well understood. Different functions of oxytocin could be mediated by distinct cell groups, yet it is currently unknown whether different oxytocinergic cell types exist that specifically mediate peripheral neuroendocrine or various central neuromodulatory processes via dedicated pathways. Using the Brainbow technique to map the morphology and projections of individual oxytocinergic cells in the larval zebrafish brain, we report here the existence of two main types of oxytocinergic cells: those that innervate the pituitary and those that innervate diverse brain regions. Similar to the situation in the adult rat and the adult midshipman, but in contrast to the situation in the adult trout, these two cell types are mutually exclusive and can be distinguished based on morphological and anatomical criteria. Further, our results reveal that complex oxytocinergic innervation patterns are already established in the larval zebrafish brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Herget
- Developmental Genetics of the Nervous System, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jose Arturo Gutierrez-Triana
- Developmental Genetics of the Nervous System, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oriana Salazar Thula
- Developmental Genetics of the Nervous System, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Boris Knerr
- Developmental Genetics of the Nervous System, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Soojin Ryu
- Developmental Genetics of the Nervous System, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
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