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Binvignat M, Sellam J, Berenbaum F, Felson DT. The role of obesity and adipose tissue dysfunction in osteoarthritis pain. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2024; 20:565-584. [PMID: 39112603 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-024-01143-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Obesity has a pivotal and multifaceted role in pain associated with osteoarthritis (OA), extending beyond the mechanistic influence of BMI. It exerts its effects both directly and indirectly through various modifiable risk factors associated with OA-related pain. Adipose tissue dysfunction is highly involved in OA-related pain through local and systemic inflammation, immune dysfunction, and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines. Adipose tissue dysfunction is intricately connected with metabolic syndrome, which independently exerts specific effects on OA-related pain, distinct from its association with BMI. The interplay among obesity, adipose tissue dysfunction and metabolic syndrome influences OA-related pain through diverse pain mechanisms, including nociceptive pain, peripheral sensitization and central sensitization. These complex interactions contribute to the heightened pain experience observed in individuals with OA and obesity. In addition, pain management strategies are less efficient in individuals with obesity. Importantly, therapeutic interventions targeting obesity and metabolic syndrome hold promise in managing OA-related pain. A deeper understanding of the intricate relationship between obesity, metabolic syndrome and OA-related pain is crucial and could have important implications for improving pain management and developing innovative therapeutic options in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Binvignat
- Department of Rheumatology, Sorbonne University, AP-HP Saint-Antoine hospital, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, INSERM UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM) FHU, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, INSERM UMRS_959, I3 Lab Immunology Immunopathology Immunotherapy, Paris, France
| | - Jérémie Sellam
- Department of Rheumatology, Sorbonne University, AP-HP Saint-Antoine hospital, Paris, France.
- Sorbonne University, INSERM UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM) FHU, Paris, France.
| | - Francis Berenbaum
- Department of Rheumatology, Sorbonne University, AP-HP Saint-Antoine hospital, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, INSERM UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM) FHU, Paris, France
| | - David T Felson
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Boston, MA, USA
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Zhao D, Han X, Mu Q, Wu Y, Shan L, Su L, Wang W, Wang P, Kang Y, Wang F. Association of cerebrospinal fluid NPY with peripheral ApoA: a moderation effect of BMI. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2024; 21:52. [PMID: 39054540 PMCID: PMC11270855 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-024-00828-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) and Apoprotein B (ApoB) have emerged as novel cardiovascular risk biomarkers influenced by feeding behavior. Hypothalamic appetite peptides regulate feeding behavior and impact lipoprotein levels, which effects vary in different weight states. This study explores the intricate relationship between body mass index (BMI), hypothalamic appetite peptides, and apolipoproteins with emphasis on the moderating role of body weight in the association between neuropeptide Y (NPY), ghrelin, orexin A (OXA), oxytocin in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral ApoA-I and ApoB. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we included participants with a mean age of 31.77 ± 10.25 years, categorized into a normal weight (NW) (n = 73) and an overweight/obese (OW/OB) (n = 117) group based on BMI. NPY, ghrelin, OXA, and oxytocin levels in CSF were measured. RESULTS In the NW group, peripheral ApoA-I levels were higher, while ApoB levels were lower than in the OW/OB group (all p < 0.05). CSF NPY exhibited a positive correlation with peripheral ApoA-I in the NW group (r = 0.39, p = 0.001). Notably, participants with higher CSF NPY levels had higher peripheral ApoA-I levels in the NW group and lower peripheral ApoA-I levels in the OW/OB group, showing the significant moderating effect of BMI on this association (R2 = 0.144, β=-0.54, p < 0.001). The correlation between ghrelin, OXA and oxytocin in CSF and peripheral ApoB in both groups exhibited opposing trends (Ghrelin: r = -0.03 and r = 0.04; OXA: r = 0.23 and r=-0.01; Oxytocin: r=-0.09 and r = 0.04). CONCLUSION This study provides hitherto undocumented evidence that BMI moderates the relationship between CSF NPY and peripheral ApoA-I levels. It also reveals the protective role of NPY in the NW population, contrasting with its risk factor role in the OW/OB population, which was associated with the at-risk for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Zhao
- Medical Neurobiology Lab, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot, 010110, China
| | - Xiaoli Han
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Friendship hospital of Urumqi in Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830049, China
| | - Qingshuang Mu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorder Research, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830063, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100096, China
| | - Ligang Shan
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Lidong Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, BaoGang Hospital, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - Wenyan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Pengxiang Wang
- Medical Neurobiology Lab, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot, 010110, China
| | - Yimin Kang
- Medical Neurobiology Lab, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot, 010110, China.
| | - Fan Wang
- Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100096, China.
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Yoon DJ, Zhang J, Zapata RC, Ulivieri M, Libster AM, McMurray MS, Osborn O, Dulawa SC. The attenuation of activity-based anorexia by obese adipose tissue transplant is AgRP neuron-dependent. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.23.590824. [PMID: 38712190 PMCID: PMC11071374 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.23.590824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder observed primarily in girls and women, and is characterized by a low body mass index, hypophagia, and hyperactivity. The activity-based anorexia (ABA) paradigm models aspects of AN, and refers to the progressive weight loss, hypophagia, and hyperactivity developed by rodents exposed to time-restricted feeding and running wheel access. Recent studies identified white adipose tissue (WAT) as a primary location of the 'metabolic memory' of prior obesity, and implicated WAT-derived signals as drivers of recidivism to obesity following weight loss. Here, we tested whether an obese WAT transplant could attenuate ABA-induced weight loss in normal female mice. Recipient mice received a WAT transplant harvested from normal chow-fed, or HFD-fed obese mice; obese fat recipient (OFR) and control fat recipient (CFR) mice were then tested for ABA. During ABA, OFR mice survived longer than CFR mice, defined as maintaining 75% of their initial body weight. Next, we tested whether agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons, which regulate feeding behavior and metabolic sensing, mediate this effect of obese WAT transplant. CFR and OFR mice received either control or neonatal AgRP ablation, and were assessed for ABA. OFR intact mice maintained higher body weights longer than CFR intact mice, and this effect was abolished by neonatal AgRP ablation; further, ablation reduced survival in OFR, but not CFR mice. In summary, obese WAT transplant communicates with AgRP neurons to increase body weight maintenance during ABA. These findings encourage the examination of obese WAT-derived factors as potential treatments for AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmin J. Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Rizaldy C. Zapata
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Martina Ulivieri
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Avraham M. Libster
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Olivia Osborn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Stephanie C. Dulawa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Istiban MN, De Fruyt N, Kenis S, Beets I. Evolutionary conserved peptide and glycoprotein hormone-like neuroendocrine systems in C. elegans. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 584:112162. [PMID: 38290646 PMCID: PMC11004728 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Peptides and protein hormones form the largest group of secreted signals that mediate intercellular communication and are central regulators of physiology and behavior in all animals. Phylogenetic analyses and biochemical identifications of peptide-receptor systems reveal a broad evolutionary conservation of these signaling systems at the molecular level. Substantial progress has been made in recent years on characterizing the physiological and putative ancestral roles of many peptide systems through comparative studies in invertebrate models. Several peptides and protein hormones are not only molecularly conserved but also have conserved roles across animal phyla. Here, we focus on functional insights gained in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans that, with its compact and well-described nervous system, provides a powerful model to dissect neuroendocrine signaling networks involved in the control of physiology and behavior. We summarize recent discoveries on the evolutionary conservation and knowledge on the functions of peptide and protein hormone systems in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majdulin Nabil Istiban
- Neural Signaling and Circuit Plasticity, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathan De Fruyt
- Neural Signaling and Circuit Plasticity, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Signe Kenis
- Neural Signaling and Circuit Plasticity, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabel Beets
- Neural Signaling and Circuit Plasticity, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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5
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Sommer J, Ehnis H, Seitz T, Schneider J, Wild AB, Moceri S, Buechler C, Bozec A, Weber GF, Merkel S, Beckervordersandforth R, Steinkasserer A, Schüle R, Trebicka J, Hartmann A, Bosserhoff A, von Hörsten S, Dietrich P, Hellerbrand C. Four-and-a-Half LIM-Domain Protein 2 (FHL2) Induces Neuropeptide Y (NPY) in Macrophages in Visceral Adipose Tissue and Promotes Diet-Induced Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14943. [PMID: 37834391 PMCID: PMC10573629 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by the expansion of the adipose tissue, usually accompanied by inflammation, with a prominent role of macrophages infiltrating the visceral adipose tissue (VAT). This chronic inflammation is a major driver of obesity-associated comorbidities. Four-and-a-half LIM-domain protein 2 (FHL2) is a multifunctional adaptor protein that is involved in the regulation of various biological functions and the maintenance of the homeostasis of different tissues. In this study, we aimed to gain new insights into the expression and functional role of FHL2 in VAT in diet-induced obesity. We found enhanced FHL2 expression in the VAT of mice with Western-type diet (WTD)-induced obesity and obese humans and identified macrophages as the cellular source of enhanced FHL2 expression in VAT. In mice with FHL2 deficiency (FHL2KO), WTD feeding resulted in reduced body weight gain paralleled by enhanced energy expenditure and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression, indicative of activated thermogenesis. In human VAT, FHL2 was inversely correlated with UCP1 expression. Furthermore, macrophage infiltration and the expression of the chemokine MCP-1, a known promotor of macrophage accumulation, was significantly reduced in WTD-fed FHL2KO mice compared with wild-type (wt) littermates. While FHL2 depletion did not affect the differentiation or lipid metabolism of adipocytes in vitro, FHL2 depletion in macrophages resulted in reduced expressions of MCP-1 and the neuropeptide Y (NPY). Furthermore, WTD-fed FHL2KO mice showed reduced NPY expression in VAT compared with wt littermates, and NPY expression was enhanced in VAT resident macrophages of obese individuals. Stimulation with recombinant NPY induced not only UCP1 expression and lipid accumulation but also MCP-1 expression in adipocytes. Collectively, these findings indicate that FHL2 is a positive regulator of NPY and MCP-1 expression in macrophages and herewith closely linked to the mechanism of obesity-associated lipid accumulation and inflammation in VAT. Thus, FHL2 appears as a potential novel target to interfere with the macrophage-adipocyte crosstalk in VAT for treating obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Sommer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstr. 17, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.S.); (H.E.); (T.S.); (J.S.); (R.B.); (A.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Hanna Ehnis
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstr. 17, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.S.); (H.E.); (T.S.); (J.S.); (R.B.); (A.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Tatjana Seitz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstr. 17, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.S.); (H.E.); (T.S.); (J.S.); (R.B.); (A.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Julia Schneider
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstr. 17, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.S.); (H.E.); (T.S.); (J.S.); (R.B.); (A.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Andreas B. Wild
- Department of Immune Modulation, University Hospital Erlangen, Hartmannstr. 4, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany; (A.B.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Sandra Moceri
- Department of Experimental Therapy, Preclinical Experimental Center, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Palmsanlage 5, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.M.); (S.v.H.)
| | - Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Aline Bozec
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glückstr. 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Georg F. Weber
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 12, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (G.F.W.)
| | - Susanne Merkel
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 12, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (G.F.W.)
| | - Ruth Beckervordersandforth
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstr. 17, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.S.); (H.E.); (T.S.); (J.S.); (R.B.); (A.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Alexander Steinkasserer
- Department of Immune Modulation, University Hospital Erlangen, Hartmannstr. 4, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany; (A.B.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Roland Schüle
- Center for Clinical Research, University of Freiburg Medical School, Breisacherstr. 66, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Jonel Trebicka
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, D-48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 8/10, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Anja Bosserhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstr. 17, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.S.); (H.E.); (T.S.); (J.S.); (R.B.); (A.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Stephan von Hörsten
- Department of Experimental Therapy, Preclinical Experimental Center, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Palmsanlage 5, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.M.); (S.v.H.)
| | - Peter Dietrich
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstr. 17, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.S.); (H.E.); (T.S.); (J.S.); (R.B.); (A.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Claus Hellerbrand
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstr. 17, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.S.); (H.E.); (T.S.); (J.S.); (R.B.); (A.B.); (P.D.)
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Sigorski D, Wesołowski W, Gruszecka A, Gulczyński J, Zieliński P, Misiukiewicz S, Kitlińska J, Iżycka-Świeszewska E. Neuropeptide Y and its receptors in prostate cancer: associations with cancer invasiveness and perineural spread. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:5803-5822. [PMID: 36583743 PMCID: PMC10356636 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04540-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a pleiotropic peptide, which is involved in many biological mechanisms important in regulation of cell growth and survival. The aim of this study was a comprehensive analysis of the NPY system in prostate pathology. METHODS The study was based on immunohistochemical analysis of NPY and its receptors, Y1R, Y2R and Y5R, in tissue samples from benign prostate (BP), primary prostate cancer (PCa) and PCa bone metastases. Tissue microarray (TMA) technique was employed, with analysis of multiple cores from each specimen. Intensity of the immunoreactivity and expression index (EI), as well as distribution of the immunostaining in neoplastic cells and stromal elements were evaluated. Perineural invasion (PNI) and extraprostatic extension (EPE) were areas of special interests. Moreover, a transwell migration assay on the LNCaP PCa cell line was used to assess the chemotactic properties of NPY. RESULTS Morphological analysis revealed homogeneous membrane and cytoplasmic pattern of NPY staining in cancer cells and its membrane localization with apical accentuation in BP glands. All elements of the NPY system were upregulated in pre-invasive prostate intraepithelial neoplasia, PCa and metastases. EI and staining intensity of NPY receptors were significantly higher in PCa then in BP with correlation between Y2R and Y5R. The strength of expression of the NPY system was further increased in the PNI and EPE areas. In bone metastases, Y1R and Y5R presented high expression scores. CONCLUSION The results of our study suggest that the NPY system is involved in PCa, starting from early stages of its development to disseminated states of the disease, and participates in the invasion of PCa into the auto and paracrine matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Sigorski
- Department of Oncology, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-228, Olsztyn, Poland
- Department of Oncology and Immuno-Oncology, Warmian-Masurian Cancer Center of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration Hospital, 10-228, Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Gruszecka
- Department of Radiology Informatics and Statistics, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jacek Gulczyński
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210, Gdańsk, Poland
- Department of Pathomorphology, Copernicus Hospital, 80-803, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Zieliński
- Division of Tropical and Parasitic Diseases, University Center of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, 81-519, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Sara Misiukiewicz
- Human Science Department, School of Nursing and Health Studies, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Joanna Kitlińska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
| | - Ewa Iżycka-Świeszewska
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210, Gdańsk, Poland.
- Department of Pathomorphology, Copernicus Hospital, 80-803, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Mousavi S, Qiu H, Andrews MT, Checco JW. Peptidomic Analysis Reveals Seasonal Neuropeptide and Peptide Hormone Changes in the Hypothalamus and Pituitary of a Hibernating Mammal. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:2569-2581. [PMID: 37395621 PMCID: PMC10529138 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
During the winter, hibernating mammals undergo extreme changes in physiology, which allow them to survive several months without access to food. These animals enter a state of torpor, which is characterized by decreased metabolism, near-freezing body temperatures, and a dramatically reduced heart rate. The neurochemical basis of this regulation is largely unknown. Based on prior evidence suggesting that the peptide-rich hypothalamus plays critical roles in hibernation, we hypothesized that changes in specific cell-cell signaling peptides (neuropeptides and peptide hormones) underlie physiological changes during torpor/arousal cycles. To test this hypothesis, we used a mass spectrometry-based peptidomics approach to examine seasonal changes of endogenous peptides that occur in the hypothalamus and pituitary of a model hibernating mammal, the thirteen-lined ground squirrel (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus). In the pituitary, we observed changes in several distinct peptide hormones as animals prepared for torpor in October, exited torpor in March, and progressed from spring (March) to fall (August). In the hypothalamus, we observed an overall increase in neuropeptides in October (pre-torpor), a decrease as the animal entered torpor, and an increase in a subset of neuropeptides during normothermic interbout arousals. Notable changes were observed for feeding regulatory peptides, opioid peptides, and several peptides without well-established functions. Overall, our study provides critical insight into changes in endogenous peptides in the hypothalamus and pituitary during mammalian hibernation that were not available from transcriptomic measurements. Understanding the molecular basis of the hibernation phenotype may pave the way for future efforts to employ hibernation-like strategies for organ preservation, combating obesity, and treatment of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Mousavi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States
| | - Haowen Qiu
- Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States
- The Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication (NCIBC), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States
| | - Matthew T. Andrews
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States
| | - James W. Checco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States
- The Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication (NCIBC), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States
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Wang S, Liu Y, Chen J, He Y, Ma W, Liu X, Sun X. Effects of multi-organ crosstalk on the physiology and pathology of adipose tissue. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1198984. [PMID: 37383400 PMCID: PMC10293893 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1198984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In previous studies, adipocytes were found to play an important role in regulating whole-body nutrition and energy balance, and are also important in energy metabolism, hormone secretion, and immune regulation. Different adipocytes have different contributions to the body, with white adipocytes primarily storing energy and brown adipocytes producing heat. Recently discovered beige adipocytes, which have characteristics in between white and brown adipocytes, also have the potential to produce heat. Adipocytes interact with other cells in the microenvironment to promote blood vessel growth and immune and neural network interactions. Adipose tissue plays an important role in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. Dysfunction in adipose tissue endocrine and immune regulation can cause and promote the occurrence and development of related diseases. Adipose tissue can also secrete multiple cytokines, which can interact with organs; however, previous studies have not comprehensively summarized the interaction between adipose tissue and other organs. This article reviews the effect of multi-organ crosstalk on the physiology and pathology of adipose tissue, including interactions between the central nervous system, heart, liver, skeletal muscle, and intestines, as well as the mechanisms of adipose tissue in the development of various diseases and its role in disease treatment. It emphasizes the importance of a deeper understanding of these mechanisms for the prevention and treatment of related diseases. Determining these mechanisms has enormous potential for identifying new targets for treating diabetes, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yuejing He
- Clinical Laboratory, Dongguan Eighth People’s Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Wanrui Ma
- Department of General Medicine, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xinguang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xuerong Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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9
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Cuciureanu M, Caratașu CC, Gabrielian L, Frăsinariu OE, Checheriță LE, Trandafir LM, Stanciu GD, Szilagyi A, Pogonea I, Bordeianu G, Soroceanu RP, Andrițoiu CV, Anghel MM, Munteanu D, Cernescu IT, Tamba BI. 360-Degree Perspectives on Obesity. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1119. [PMID: 37374323 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59061119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Alarming statistics show that the number of people affected by excessive weight has surpassed 2 billion, representing approximately 30% of the world's population. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of one of the most serious public health problems, considering that obesity requires an integrative approach that takes into account its complex etiology, including genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Only an understanding of the connections between the many contributors to obesity and the synergy between treatment interventions can ensure satisfactory outcomes in reducing obesity. Mechanisms such as oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and dysbiosis play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of obesity and its associated complications. Compounding factors such as the deleterious effects of stress, the novel challenge posed by the obesogenic digital (food) environment, and the stigma associated with obesity should not be overlooked. Preclinical research in animal models has been instrumental in elucidating these mechanisms, and translation into clinical practice has provided promising therapeutic options, including epigenetic approaches, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery. However, more studies are necessary to discover new compounds that target key metabolic pathways, innovative ways to deliver the drugs, the optimal combinations of lifestyle interventions with allopathic treatments, and, last but not least, emerging biological markers for effective monitoring. With each passing day, the obesity crisis tightens its grip, threatening not only individual lives but also burdening healthcare systems and societies at large. It is high time we took action as we confront the urgent imperative to address this escalating global health challenge head-on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Cuciureanu
- Department of Pharmacology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cătălin-Cezar Caratașu
- Department of Pharmacology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Center for Advanced Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Levon Gabrielian
- Department of Anatomy and Pathology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Otilia Elena Frăsinariu
- Department of Mother and Child, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Laura Elisabeta Checheriță
- 2nd Dental Medicine Department, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Laura Mihaela Trandafir
- Department of Mother and Child, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gabriela Dumitrița Stanciu
- Center for Advanced Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andrei Szilagyi
- Center for Advanced Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ina Pogonea
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, "Nicolae Testemiţanu" State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Gabriela Bordeianu
- Department of Biochemistry, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Radu Petru Soroceanu
- Department of Surgery, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Călin Vasile Andrițoiu
- Specialization of Nutrition and Dietetics, "Vasile Goldis" Western University of Arad, 310025 Arad, Romania
| | - Maria Mihalache Anghel
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, "Nicolae Testemiţanu" State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Diana Munteanu
- Institute of Mother and Child, "Nicolae Testemiţanu" State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2062 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Irina Teodora Cernescu
- Department of Pharmacology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Bogdan Ionel Tamba
- Department of Pharmacology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Center for Advanced Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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10
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Wang Y, Ye L. Somatosensory innervation of adipose tissues. Physiol Behav 2023; 265:114174. [PMID: 36965573 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes has led to a greater interest in adipose tissue physiology. Adipose tissue is now understood as an organ with endocrine and thermogenic capacities in addition to its role in fat storage. It plays a critical role in systemic metabolism and energy regulation, and its activity is tightly regulated by the nervous system. Fat is now recognized to receive sympathetic innervation, which transmits information from the brain, as well as sensory innervation, which sends information into the brain. The role of sympathetic innervation in adipose tissue has been extensively studied. However, the extent and the functional significance of sensory innervation have long been unclear. Recent studies have started to reveal that sensory neurons robustly innervate adipose tissue and play an important role in regulating fat activity. This brief review will discuss both historical evidence and recent advances, as well as important remaining questions about the sensory innervation of adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Li Ye
- Department of Neuroscience and Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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11
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The Bidirectional Relationship of NPY and Mitochondria in Energy Balance Regulation. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020446. [PMID: 36830982 PMCID: PMC9953676 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy balance is regulated by several hormones and peptides, and neuropeptide Y is one of the most crucial in feeding and energy expenditure control. NPY is regulated by a series of peripheral nervous and humoral signals that are responsive to nutrient sensing, but its role in the energy balance is also intricately related to the energetic status, namely mitochondrial function. During fasting, mitochondrial dynamics and activity are activated in orexigenic neurons, increasing the levels of neuropeptide Y. By acting on the sympathetic nervous system, neuropeptide Y modulates thermogenesis and lipolysis, while in the peripheral sites, it triggers adipogenesis and lipogenesis instead. Moreover, both central and peripheral neuropeptide Y reduces mitochondrial activity by decreasing oxidative phosphorylation proteins and other mediators important to the uptake of fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix, inhibiting lipid oxidation and energy expenditure. Dysregulation of the neuropeptide Y system, as occurs in metabolic diseases like obesity, may lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and, consequently, to oxidative stress and to the white adipose tissue inflammatory environment, contributing to the development of a metabolically unhealthy profile. This review focuses on the interconnection between mitochondrial function and dynamics with central and peripheral neuropeptide Y actions and discusses possible therapeutical modulations of the neuropeptide Y system as an anti-obesity tool.
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12
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Černelič-Bizjak M, Kenig S, Petelin A, Jenko-Pražnikar Z, Mohorko N. Link between emotional and external eating behaviors, peripheral neuropeptide Y, and β-hydroxybutyrate in participants with obesity on 12-week ketogenic diet. Nutr Health 2023:2601060231154464. [PMID: 36734124 DOI: 10.1177/02601060231154464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Understanding the impact of stress on emotional and external eating behaviors and the psychological and the associated metabolic factors can help in designing subsequent interventions to protect health. In particular, psychological trait-like construct related to eating has been shown to be an important target for intervention. Methods and measures: This study aimed to investigate the biochemical variables associated with a decrease in emotional and external eating behaviors due to 12-week ketogenic diet (12KD) in 35 adult participants (12 males) with obesity. Results: Absolute changes in emotional and external eating were independent of changes in body mass, nutritional intake, and Δ cortisol, but were predicted with increases in serum β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and decreases in serum peripheral neuropeptide Y (pNPY) (all p's < 0.050). Decrease in pNPY was also associated with an increase in BHB but was independent of anthropometrical changes, Δ fasting glucose, and Δ insulin. Conclusion: The reductions in emotional and external eating behaviors in participants with obesity were uniquely predicted by an increase in BHB and a decrease in pNPY after 12KD. In ketosis, emotional and external eating dropped independently of body mass change. Change in pNPY predicted changes in emotional and external eating. The role of BHB in modulating eating behavior should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saša Kenig
- Faculty of Health Sciences, 68960University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia
| | - Ana Petelin
- Faculty of Health Sciences, 68960University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia
| | | | - Nina Mohorko
- Faculty of Health Sciences, 68960University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia
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13
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Malita A, Kubrak O, Koyama T, Ahrentløv N, Texada MJ, Nagy S, Halberg KV, Rewitz K. A gut-derived hormone suppresses sugar appetite and regulates food choice in Drosophila. Nat Metab 2022; 4:1532-1550. [PMID: 36344765 PMCID: PMC9684077 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00672-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Animals must adapt their dietary choices to meet their nutritional needs. How these needs are detected and translated into nutrient-specific appetites that drive food-choice behaviours is poorly understood. Here we show that enteroendocrine cells of the adult female Drosophila midgut sense nutrients and in response release neuropeptide F (NPF), which is an ortholog of mammalian neuropeptide Y-family gut-brain hormones. Gut-derived NPF acts on glucagon-like adipokinetic hormone (AKH) signalling to induce sugar satiety and increase consumption of protein-rich food, and on adipose tissue to promote storage of ingested nutrients. Suppression of NPF-mediated gut signalling leads to overconsumption of dietary sugar while simultaneously decreasing intake of protein-rich yeast. Furthermore, gut-derived NPF has a female-specific function in promoting consumption of protein-containing food in mated females. Together, our findings suggest that gut NPF-to-AKH signalling modulates specific appetites and regulates food choice to ensure homeostatic consumption of nutrients, providing insight into the hormonal mechanisms that underlie nutrient-specific hungers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Malita
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olga Kubrak
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Takashi Koyama
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nadja Ahrentløv
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael J Texada
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stanislav Nagy
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kenneth V Halberg
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Rewitz
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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14
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Wang X, Li H. Chronic high-fat diet induces overeating and impairs synaptic transmission in feeding-related brain regions. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1019446. [PMID: 36226318 PMCID: PMC9549200 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1019446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is linked to overeating, which can exacerbate unhealthy weight gain. However, the mechanisms for mediating such linkages are elusive. In the current study, we hypothesized that synaptic remodeling occurs in feeding-related brain regions of obese mice. To investigate this, we established a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mouse model and observed that these mice consumed excessive calories. The effect of chronic HFD feeding on lipid droplet accumulation in different brain structures was also investigated. We found that lipid droplets accumulated on the ependyma of the third ventricle (3V), which is surrounded by key areas of the hypothalamus that are involved in feeding. Then, the spontaneous synaptic activity of miniature excitatory postsynaptic current (mEPSC) and miniature inhibitory postsynaptic current (mIPSC) was recorded in these hypothalamic areas. HFD induced a decreased amplitude of mEPSC in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), meanwhile, increased the frequency in the VMH. In addition, HFD reduced the frequency of mIPSC in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) and increased the amplitude of mIPSC in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH). Subsequently, we also measured the synaptic activity of nucleus accumbens (NAc) neurons, which play a vital role in the hedonic aspect of eating, and discovered that HFD diminished the frequency of both mEPSC and mIPSC in the NAc. These findings suggest that chronic HFD feeding leads to lipid accumulation and synaptic dysfunction in specific brain regions, which are associated with energy homeostasis and reward regulation, and these impairments may lead to the overeating of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Ministry of Education (MoE) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xu Wang,
| | - Haohong Li
- Affiliated Mental Health Centre and Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- The Ministry of Education (MoE) Frontier Research Center of Brain and Brain-machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Haohong Li,
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15
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Demirci Ş, Gün C. Zinc Supplementation Improved Neuropeptide Y, Nesfatin-1, Leptin, C-reactive protein, and HOMA-IR of Diet-Induced Obese Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:3996-4006. [PMID: 34708332 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02987-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a mild chronic inflammation that causes many metabolic diseases. It was aimed to investigate some parameters affective on the energy metabolism by adding zinc (Zn, ZnSO4) to drinking water of diet-induced obese rats. Five-week aged, male Sprague Dawley rats divided into as control group, consuming standard rat diet, and high-fat diet (HFD) group. After obesity induced by feeding HFD for 8 weeks, the obese rats were divided into Zn-supplemented obese group (HFD + obese + Zn; 150 mg Zn/L (for 6 weeks), 235 mg Zn/L (7th week), 250 mg Zn/L (8th week) in drinking water) and obese group (HFD + obese). Mean body weight, serum concentrations of C-reactive protein, neuropeptide-Y, leptin, insulin fasting blood glucose, and HOMA-IR were statistically decreased by given Zn in HFD + obese + Zn group compared to HFD + obese rats. It was observed that the total cholesterol, LDL, and HDL cholesterol levels of HFD + obese + Zn group became closer to the control group level, and Zn supplementation caused a statistically significant decrease in cholesterol profile than HFD + obese rats. Also, increased mean serum nesfatin-1 level, an effective protein for the formation of satiety, was analyzed in HFD + obese + Zn group when compared to HFD + obese ones. Serum triglyceride concentration tended to decrease with the effect of Zn in obese rats. In conclusion, it can be said that oral use of Zn could improve energy balance and prevent the occurrence of metabolic diseases related to obesity depending on the anti-inflammatory effect of Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şule Demirci
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Campus, Burdur, Turkey.
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16
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Zapata RC, Carretero M, Reis FCG, Chaudry BS, Ofrecio J, Zhang D, Sasik R, Ciaraldi T, Petrascheck M, Osborn O. Adipocytes control food intake and weight regain via Vacuolar-type H + ATPase. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5092. [PMID: 36042358 PMCID: PMC9427743 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32764-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy metabolism becomes dysregulated in individuals with obesity and many of these changes persist after weight loss and likely play a role in weight regain. In these studies, we use a mouse model of diet-induced obesity and weight loss to study the transcriptional memory of obesity. We found that the 'metabolic memory' of obesity is predominantly localized in adipocytes. Utilizing a C. elegans-based food intake assay, we identify 'metabolic memory' genes that play a role in food intake regulation. We show that expression of ATP6v0a1, a subunit of V-ATPase, is significantly induced in both obese mouse and human adipocytes that persists after weight loss. C. elegans mutants deficient in Atp6v0A1/unc32 eat less than WT controls. Adipocyte-specific Atp6v0a1 knockout mice have reduced food intake and gain less weight in response to HFD. Pharmacological disruption of V-ATPase assembly leads to decreased food intake and less weight re-gain. In summary, using a series of genetic tools from invertebrates to vertebrates, we identify ATP6v0a1 as a regulator of peripheral metabolic memory, providing a potential target for regulation of food intake, weight loss maintenance and the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizaldy C Zapata
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Maria Carretero
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Felipe Castellani Gomes Reis
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Besma S Chaudry
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jachelle Ofrecio
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Dinghong Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Roman Sasik
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Theodore Ciaraldi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Michael Petrascheck
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Olivia Osborn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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17
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Dos Reis Araujo T, Lubaczeuski C, Carneiro EM. Effects of double burden malnutrition on energetic metabolism and glycemic homeostasis: A narrative review. Life Sci 2022; 307:120883. [PMID: 35970240 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Rapid changes in the food process led to greater consumption of ultra-processed foods which, associated with reduced physical activity, increased the number of overweight and obese individuals worldwide. However, in low and middle-income countries (LMICS) the growth of the obesity epidemic took place despite the high prevalence of undernutrition in children. This generated the coexistence of these two nutritional patterns, currently defined as double burden malnutrition (DBM). Several reports have already described the social, political, and economic aspects related to the causes and possible solutions for the control of DBM. Here, we highlight the metabolic alterations, related to fat deposition and glycemic homeostasis, described in experimental models of DBM and the differential effects of therapeutic strategies already tested. Therefore, this work aims to help the scientific community to understand how the DBM can lead to the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes through different mechanisms from traditional models of obesity and highlights the need to study these mechanisms and new therapeutic strategies to improve damages caused by DBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Dos Reis Araujo
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Lubaczeuski
- Department of Medicine, Division Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Everardo Magalhães Carneiro
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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18
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Greene ES, Abdelli N, Dridi JS, Dridi S. Avian Neuropeptide Y: Beyond Feed Intake Regulation. Vet Sci 2022; 9:171. [PMID: 35448669 PMCID: PMC9028514 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9040171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is one of the most abundant and ubiquitously expressed neuropeptides in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, and its regulatory effects on feed intake and appetite- have been extensively studied in a wide variety of animals, including mammalian and non-mammalian species. Indeed, NPY has been shown to be involved in the regulation of feed intake and energy homeostasis by exerting stimulatory effects on appetite and feeding behavior in several species including chickens, rabbits, rats and mouse. More recent studies have shown that this neuropeptide and its receptors are expressed in various peripheral tissues, including the thyroid, heart, spleen, adrenal glands, white adipose tissue, muscle and bone. Although well researched centrally, studies investigating the distribution and function of peripherally expressed NPY in avian (non-mammalian vertebrates) species are very limited. Thus, peripherally expressed NPY merits more consideration and further in-depth exploration to fully elucidate its functions, especially in non-mammalian species. The aim of the current review is to provide an integrated synopsis of both centrally and peripherally expressed NPY, with a special focus on the distribution and function of the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S. Greene
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (E.S.G.); (N.A.)
| | - Nedra Abdelli
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (E.S.G.); (N.A.)
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jalila S. Dridi
- École Universitaire de Kinésithérapie, Université d’Orléans, Rue de Chartres, 45100 Orleans, France;
| | - Sami Dridi
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (E.S.G.); (N.A.)
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19
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Ya B, Li X, Wang J, Zhao M, Yu T, Wang H, Xin Q, Wang Q, Mu X, Dong X, Gao Y, Xiong H, Zhang H. A Comorbid Rat Model of Neuroendocrine-Immune System Alterations Under the Impact of Risk Factors for Stroke. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:827503. [PMID: 35126096 PMCID: PMC8811044 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.827503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia and carotid atherosclerosis contribute to the etiology of stroke. However, there has been a lack of appropriate comorbid animal models incorporating some of the ubiquitous characteristics that precede strokes. Curcumin is a natural active polyphenolic compound extracted from the rhizoma of Curcuma longa L. which possesses comprehensive bioactivities. The present study aimed to evaluate whether neurobehavioral deficits, neuroendocrine-immune dysregulations and cerebral microcirculation dysfunction, are part of the initial stages of cerebral ischemia in individuals suffering from carotid atherosclerosis resulting from a high cholesterol diet (HCD) and if they could be tested using a comorbid animal model. Furthermore, the utility of this model will be examined following the administration of curcumin. Adult wild-type SD rats were fed a regular diet or HCD and supplemented with either vehicle or curcumin for 4 weeks. Carotid injury was induced by an air-drying endothelial denudation method at the end of the second week. Plasma cholesterol, carotid pathomorphology, neurobehavioral tests, and neuroendocrine-immune parameters were measured. We found higher plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), intima and media (I/M) ratio, but lower high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), spatial learning and memory capacity impairment, elevated NPY expression in the hypothalamus, increased plasma concentration of leptin, upregulated TNF-α, IL-1β, and CRP in the circulation as well as TNF-α and IL-1β in the cerebral cortex, plus enhanced ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin in cerebral microvessels in HCD-fed model rats. All these alterations were ameliorated by curcumin. These results suggest that a comorbid rat model was effectively developed by HCD and carotid injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailiu Ya
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical School of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- *Correspondence: Bailiu Ya,
| | - Xuezhi Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical School of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Mingsheng Zhao
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical School of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical School of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Qing Xin
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical School of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Qinqin Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xin Mu
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical School of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xuanyu Dong
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical School of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical School of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Yang Gao,
| | - Huabao Xiong
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Huabao Xiong,
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Hui Zhang,
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20
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Liu Y, Xu YC, Cui YG, Jiang SW, Diao FY, Liu JY, Ma X. Androgen Excess Increases Food Intake in a Rat Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Model by Downregulating Hypothalamus Insulin and Leptin Signaling Pathways Preceding Weight Gain. Neuroendocrinology 2022; 112:966-981. [PMID: 34847556 PMCID: PMC9677863 DOI: 10.1159/000521236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive and metabolic disorder characterized by high androgen levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of hyperandrogenism on the hypothalamus and subsequently on the food intake and obesity in females. METHODS A dihydroxy testosterone (DHT)-induced rat model was established to recapitulate the hyperandrogenism features of PCOS patients. Body weight and food intake of the rats were recorded. The food intake of DHT-induced rats was restricted by pair feeding to exclude possible effects of weight gain on the hypothalamus. The expression levels of relevant proteins and mRNAs in the hypothalamus and primary hypothalamic neurons exposed to DHT were analyzed by Western blotting and RT-PCR, respectively. The leptin levels in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured, and leptin was injected via the intracerebroventricular (ICV) route to test the leptin sensitivity of the hypothalamus. RESULTS The excessive prepuberty androgen levels in the DHT-induced rats markedly elevated food intake prior to weight gain. Consistent with this, the expression of neuropeptide Y and agouti-related peptide mRNAs was upregulated, which occurred prior to obesity and even with restricted food intake. In addition, the hypothalamic sensitivity to insulin and leptin was also impaired in the DHT-induced rats before obesity and with restricted food intake. DHT significantly reduced the leptin levels in the CSF, and ICV injection of leptin inhibited the DHT-induced increase in food intake. CONCLUSIONS Androgen excess increased food intake in rats and promoted obesity by downregulating insulin and leptin signaling in the hypothalamus, most likely by suppressing leptin levels in the CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yu-Chen Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Gui Cui
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shi-Wen Jiang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Fei-Yang Diao
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Yin Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Jia-yin Liu,
| | - Xiang Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- **Xiang Ma,
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21
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Xu L, Füredi N, Lutter C, Geenen B, Pétervári E, Balaskó M, Dénes Á, Kovács KJ, Gaszner B, Kozicz T. Leptin coordinates efferent sympathetic outflow to the white adipose tissue through the midbrain centrally-projecting Edinger-Westphal nucleus in male rats. Neuropharmacology 2021; 205:108898. [PMID: 34861283 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The centrally-projecting Edinger-Westphal nucleus (EWcp) hosts a large population of neurons expressing urocortin 1 (Ucn1) and about half of these neurons also express the leptin receptor (LepRb). Previously, we have shown that the peripheral adiposity hormone leptin signaling energy surfeit modulates EWcp neurons' activity. Here, we hypothesized that Ucn1/LepRb neurons in the EWcp would act as a crucial neuronal node in the brain-white adipose tissue (WAT) axis modulating efferent sympathetic outflow to the WAT. We showed that leptin bound to neurons of the EWcp stimulated STAT3 phosphorylation, and increased Ucn1-production in a time-dependent manner. Besides, retrograde transneuronal tract-tracing using pseudorabies virus (PRV) identified EWcp Ucn1 neurons connected to WAT. Interestingly, reducing EWcp Ucn1 contents by ablating EWcp LepRb-positive neurons with leptin-saporin, did not affect food intake and body weight gain, but substantially (+26%) increased WAT weight accompanied by a higher plasma leptin level and changed plasma lipid profile. We also found that ablation of EWcp Ucn1/LepRb neurons resulted in lower respiratory quotient and oxygen consumption one week after surgery, but was comparable to sham values after 3 and 5 weeks of surgery. Taken together, we report that EWcp/LepRb/Ucn1 neurons not only respond to leptin signaling but also control WAT size and fat metabolism without altering food intake. These data suggest the existence of a EWcp-WAT circuitry allowing an organism to recruit fuels without being able to eat in situations such as the fight-or-flight response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xu
- Department of Anatomy Medical Imaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Nóra Füredi
- Department of Anatomy and Center for Neuroscience, Medical School, Pécs University, Pécs, Hungary; Department of Translational Medicine, Medical School, Pécs University, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Christoph Lutter
- Department of Anatomy and Center for Neuroscience, Medical School, Pécs University, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Bram Geenen
- Department of Anatomy Medical Imaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Erika Pétervári
- Department of Translational Medicine, Medical School, Pécs University, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Márta Balaskó
- Department of Translational Medicine, Medical School, Pécs University, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ádám Dénes
- "Momentum" Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina J Kovács
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Gaszner
- Department of Anatomy and Center for Neuroscience, Medical School, Pécs University, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Kozicz
- Department of Anatomy Medical Imaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, MN, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, MN, USA; Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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22
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Shamsi F, Wang CH, Tseng YH. The evolving view of thermogenic adipocytes - ontogeny, niche and function. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2021; 17:726-744. [PMID: 34625737 PMCID: PMC8814904 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-021-00562-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The worldwide incidence of obesity and its sequelae, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, have reached pandemic levels. Central to the development of these metabolic disorders is adipose tissue. White adipose tissue stores excess energy, whereas brown adipose tissue (BAT) and beige (also known as brite) adipose tissue dissipate energy to generate heat in a process known as thermogenesis. Strategies that activate and expand BAT and beige adipose tissue increase energy expenditure in animal models and offer therapeutic promise to treat obesity. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of BAT and beige adipose tissue and the activation of thermogenic function is the key to creating practical therapeutic interventions for obesity and metabolic disorders. In this Review, we discuss the regulation of the tissue microenvironment (the adipose niche) and inter-organ communication between BAT and other tissues. We also cover the activation of BAT and beige adipose tissue in response to physiological cues (such as cold exposure, exercise and diet). We highlight advances in harnessing the therapeutic potential of BAT and beige adipose tissue by genetic, pharmacological and cell-based approaches in obesity and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Shamsi
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chih-Hao Wang
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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23
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The Role of Neuropeptide Y in Adipocyte-Macrophage Crosstalk during High Fat Diet-Induced Adipose Inflammation and Liver Steatosis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111739. [PMID: 34829968 PMCID: PMC8615496 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is initiated by adipocyte-macrophage crosstalk. Among the possible molecules regulating this crosstalk, we focused on neuropeptide Y (NPY), which is known to be involved in hypothalamic appetite and adipose tissue inflammation and metabolism. In this study, the NPY−/− mice showed a marked decrease in body weight and adiposity, and lower free fatty acid and adipose inflammation without food intake alteration during a high fat diet (HFD). Moreover, NPY deficiency increased the thermogenic genes expression in brown adipose tissue. Notably, NPY-mRNA expression was upregulated in macrophages from the HFD mice compared to that from the mice on a standard diet. The NPY-mRNA expression also positively correlated with the liver mass/body weight ratio. NPY deletion alleviated HFD-induced adipose inflammation and liver steatosis. Hence, our findings point toward a novel intracellular mechanism of NPY in the regulation of adipocyte-macrophage crosstalk and highlight NPY antagonism as a promising target for therapeutic approaches against obesity and NAFLD.
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24
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Cao C, Gilbert ER, Cline MA. DNA methylation-modifiers reduced food intake in juvenile chickens (Gallus gallus) and Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Neurosci Lett 2021; 764:136230. [PMID: 34500001 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM) is the major endogenous methyl donor for methyltransferase reactions, while 5-Azacytidine (AZA) is a synthetic drug inhibiting DNA methyltransferase activity. Both molecules can thus influence DNA methylation patterns in an organism and thereby affect gene expression and ultimately behavior in the long-term. Whether or not effects on behavior are exerted on a shorter time scale is unclear. The goal of this study was to explore the direct effects of SAM and AZA on appetite regulation, using broiler chicken and Japanese quail as the animal models. Fed or 180 min-fasted broilers (at day 4 post-hatch) or 360 min-fasted quail (at day 7 post-hatch) were intracerebroventricularly injected with SAM or AZA and food intake was measured for 360 min. For broilers, there was no effect of AZA, at any dose, on food intake in either fed or fasted chicks at any time point. In contrast, 1 and 10 µg doses of SAM reduced food intake in fed chicks at 60 min post-injection. In fasted chicks, although there were no differences for the first 30 min post-injection, SAM suppressed food intake during the second 30-min period. For quail, however, AZA (25 µg dose) decreased food intake at 60 and 150-360 min post-injection in fasted birds. A reduction in food intake was also observed at 120- and 360-min post-injection in fed quail in response to 5 and 25 µg doses of AZA, respectively. SAM had no effect when quail were fasted, whereas 1 µg dose of SAM suppressed food consumption in fed quail during the third 30-min period. Thus, when administered directly into the central nervous system, SAM may act as a transient appetite suppressant in both broilers and quail, whereas the direct inhibitory effect of AZA on food consumption depends on species and nutritional states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Cao
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Gilbert
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Mark A Cline
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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25
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Zoccali C, Ortiz A, Blumbyte IA, Rudolf S, Beck-Sickinger AG, Malyszko J, Spasovski G, Carriazo S, Viggiano D, Kurganaite J, Sarkeviciene V, Rastenyte D, Figurek A, Rroji M, Mayer C, Arici M, Martino G, Tedeschi G, Bruchfeld A, Spoto B, Rychlik I, Wiecek A, Okusa M, Remuzzi G, Mallamaci F. Neuropeptide Y as a risk factor for cardiorenal disease and cognitive dysfunction in CKD: translational opportunities and challenges. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021; 37:ii14-ii23. [PMID: 34724060 PMCID: PMC8713155 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfab284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36-amino-acid peptide member of a family also including peptide YY and pancreatic polypeptide, which are all ligands to Gi/Go coupled receptors. NPY regulates several fundamental biologic functions including appetite/satiety, sex and reproduction, learning and memory, cardiovascular and renal function and immune functions. The mesenteric circulation is a major source of NPY in the blood in man and this peptide is considered a key regulator of gut–brain cross talk. A progressive increase in circulating NPY accompanies the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) toward kidney failure and NPY robustly predicts cardiovascular events in this population. Furthermore, NPY is suspected as a possible player in accelerated cognitive function decline and dementia in patients with CKD and in dialysis patients. In theory, interfering with the NPY system has relevant potential for the treatment of diverse diseases from cardiovascular and renal diseases to diseases of the central nervous system. Pharmaceutical formulations for effective drug delivery and cost, as well as the complexity of diseases potentially addressable by NPY/NPY antagonists, have been a problem until now. This in part explains the slow progress of knowledge about the NPY system in the clinical arena. There is now renewed research interest in the NPY system in psychopharmacology and in pharmacology in general and new studies and a new breed of clinical trials may eventually bring the expected benefits in human health with drugs interfering with this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Zoccali
- Renal Research Institute, New York,USA and Associazione Ipertensione Nefrologia Trapianto Renale (IPNET) Reggio Cal., Italy c/o CNR-IFC, Ospedali Riuniti, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Inga Arune Blumbyte
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Nephrology Department, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Sarina Rudolf
- Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Jolanta Malyszko
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Internal Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Goce Spasovski
- Department of Nephrology, University "Sts. Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, MK, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Sol Carriazo
- Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Davide Viggiano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy. and Biogem Scarl, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Justina Kurganaite
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Nephrology Department, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vaiva Sarkeviciene
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Nephrology Department, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Daiva Rastenyte
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Neurology Department, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Andreja Figurek
- Department of Nephrology, University "Sts. Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, MK, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Merita Rroji
- Department of Nephrology, University "Sts. Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, MK, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Christopher Mayer
- Health and Bioresources, Biomedical Systems, Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mustapha Arici
- Department of Nephrology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gianvito Martino
- Neurology Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute University San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Gioacchino Tedeschi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, and 3T-MRI Research Center, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Annette Bruchfeld
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden and Department of Renal Medicine, CLINTEC Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Ivan Rychlik
- Department of Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Faculty Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady,Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrzej Wiecek
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Mark Okusa
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Giuseppe Remuzzi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Aldo & Cele Daccò Clinical Research Center for Rare Diseases, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Francesca Mallamaci
- Nephrology and Transplantation Unit, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano and CNR-IFC, Reggio Cal, Italy
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26
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Dhamad A, Zampiga M, Greene ES, Sirri F, Dridi S. Neuropeptide Y and its receptors are expressed in chicken skeletal muscle and regulate mitochondrial function. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 310:113798. [PMID: 33961876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a highly conserved 36-amino acid neurotransmitter, which is primarily expressed in the mammalian arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. It is a potent orexigenic neuropeptide, stimulating appetite and inducing feed intake in a variety of species. Recent research has shown that NPY and its receptors can be expressed by peripheral tissues, but their role is not yet well defined. Specifically, this information is particularly sparse in avian species. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the expression of NPY and its receptors, and determine their regulation by environmental and nutritional stressors, in the skeletal muscle of avian species using in vivo and in vitro approaches. Here, we show that NPY and its receptors are expressed in chicken breast and leg muscle as well as in quail myoblast (QM7) cell line. Intraperitoneal injection of recombinant NPY increased feed intake in 9-d old chicks and upregulated the expression of NPY and NPY receptors in breast and leg muscle, suggesting autocrine and/or paracrine roles for NPY. Additionally, NPY is able to modulate the mitochondrial network. In breast muscle, a low dose of NPY upregulated (P < 0.05) the expression of genes involved in ATP production (uncoupling protein, UCP; nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2, NFE2L2) and dynamics (mitofusin 1, MFN1), while a high dose decreased (P < 0.05) markers of mitochondrial dynamics (mitofusin 2, MFN2; OPA1 mitochondrial dynamin like GTPase, OPA1) and increased (P < 0.05) genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis (D-loop, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma, PPARG). In leg muscle, NPY decreased (P < 0.05) markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and ATP synthesis (D-loop; peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha, PCG1A; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 beta, PPARGC1B; PPARG; NFE2L2). In QM7 cells, genes associated with mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, and ATP synthesis were all upregulated (P < 0.05), even though basal respiration and ATP production were decreased (P < 0.05) with NPY treatment as measured by XF Flux analysis. Together, these data show that the NPY system is expressed in avian skeletal muscle and plays a role in mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Dhamad
- University of Arkansas, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States
| | - Marco Zampiga
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elizabeth S Greene
- University of Arkansas, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States
| | - Federico Sirri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sami Dridi
- University of Arkansas, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States.
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27
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Lv X, Gao F, Li TP, Xue P, Wang X, Wan M, Hu B, Chen H, Jain A, Shao Z, Cao X. Skeleton interoception regulates bone and fat metabolism through hypothalamic neuroendocrine NPY. eLife 2021; 10:e70324. [PMID: 34468315 PMCID: PMC8439655 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system regulates activity of peripheral organs through interoception. In our previous study, we have demonstrated that PGE2/EP4 skeleton interception regulate bone homeostasis. Here, we show that ascending skeleton interoceptive signaling downregulates expression of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) and induce lipolysis of adipose tissue for osteoblastic bone formation. Specifically, the ascending skeleton interoceptive signaling induces expression of small heterodimer partner-interacting leucine zipper protein (SMILE) in the hypothalamus. SMILE binds to pCREB as a transcriptional heterodimer on Npy promoters to inhibit NPY expression. Knockout of EP4 in sensory nerve increases expression of NPY causing bone catabolism and fat anabolism. Importantly, inhibition of NPY Y1 receptor (Y1R) accelerated oxidation of free fatty acids in osteoblasts and rescued bone loss in AvilCre:Ptger4fl/fl mice. Thus, downregulation of hypothalamic NPY expression lipolyzes free fatty acids for anabolic bone formation through a neuroendocrine descending interoceptive regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lv
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Cell Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Cell Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Tuo Peter Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Cell Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Peng Xue
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Cell Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Cell Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Mei Wan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Cell Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Cell Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Cell Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Amit Jain
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Cell Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Cell Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
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28
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Effects of stocking density on the performance, tibia mineralization, and the expression of hypothalamic appetite genes in broiler chickens. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2020-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The current study investigated the effects of stocking density (SD) on the performance, tibia mineralization, and the hypothalamic appetite genes expression in broilers. A total of 2,800 1-d-old male broilers (Cobb 500) were distributed in a completely randomized design to 1 of 5 SD treatments with 8 replicate cages for each treatment. The SD treatments were 12.5, 15.0, 17.5, 20.0, and 22.5 birds/m2, corresponding to 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90 birds per cage (4 m2/cage), respectively. The concentration of tibia phosphorus was determined by the ammonium metavanadate colorimetric method and the mRNA abundance in different tissues was measured by the real-time quantitative PCR method. The data were analyzed by the one-way and/or two-way analysis of variance and polynomial contrasts were used to determine the effect of increasing SD. Feed intake linearly decreased (P < 0.05) with increasing SD during d 1-42 production period. On d 42, body weight and tibia breaking strength were significantly lower in the groups of 17.5, 20.0 and 22.5 birds/m2 than in the groups of 12.5 and 15 birds/m2 (P < 0.01). Concentrations of ash and phosphorus in the tibia of broilers linearly decreased (P < 0.03) with increasing SD on d 42. The SD of 22.5 birds/m2 decreased the mRNA abundance of neuropeptide Y (NPY), NPY-receptor (NPYR) 1, and NPYR2 (P < 0.05), while it increased melanocortin receptor 4 mRNA abundance (P = 0.012) in the hypothalamus of broilers as compared with the SD of 12.5 birds/m2 on d 21 and 42. The mRNA abundance of hypothalamic cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF), and CRF-receptor 1 (CRFR1) were higher (P < 0.05) in the group of 22.5 birds/m2 than in the group of 12.5 birds/m2 on d 21. We concluded that increasing stocking density beyond 15 birds/m2 (corresponding to the 45 kg/m2 at 42 days of age) suppressed final BW and bone mineralization of broilers raised in multitier cage system. Hypothalamic NPY and CRF signaling might be involved in the anorexigenic effect of HSD.
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29
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Abstract
Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) is an important cellular component of the skeleton. Understanding how it is regulated by the nervous system is crucial to the study of bone and bone marrow related diseases. BMAT is innervated by sympathetic and sensory axons in bone and fluctuations in local nerve density and function may contribute to its distinct physiologic adaptations at various skeletal sites. BMAT is directly responsive to adrenergic signals. In addition, neural regulation of surrounding cells may modify BMAT-specific responses, providing many potential avenues for both direct and indirect neural regulation of BMAT metabolism. Lastly, BMAT and peripheral adipose tissues share the same autonomic pathways across the central neuraxis and regulation of BMAT may occur in diverse clinical settings of neurologic and metabolic disease. This review will highlight what is known and unknown about the neural regulation of BMAT and discuss opportunities for future research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Mohamed G Hassan
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt; Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Erica L Scheller
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
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Xu J, Strasburg GM, Reed KM, Velleman SG. Effect of Temperature and Selection for Growth on Intracellular Lipid Accumulation and Adipogenic Gene Expression in Turkey Pectoralis Major Muscle Satellite Cells. Front Physiol 2021; 12:667814. [PMID: 34140894 PMCID: PMC8204085 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.667814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As multipotential stem cells, satellite cells (SCs) have the potential to express adipogenic genes resulting in lipid synthesis with thermal stress. The present study determined the effect of temperature on intracellular lipid synthesis and adipogenic gene expression in SCs isolated from the pectoralis major (p. major) muscle of 7-day-old fast-growing modern commercial (NC) turkeys compared to SCs from unselected slower-growing turkeys [Randombred Control Line 2 (RBC2)]. Since proliferating and differentiating SCs have different responses to thermal stress, three incubation strategies were used: (1) SCs proliferated at the control temperature of 38°C and differentiated at 43° or 33°C; (2) SCs proliferated at 43° or 33°C and differentiated at 38°C; or (3) SCs both proliferated and differentiated at 43°, 38°, or 33°C. During proliferation, lipid accumulation increased at 43°C and decreased at 33°C with the NC line showing greater variation than the RBC2 line. During proliferation at 43°C, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and neuropeptide-Y (NPY) expression was reduced to a greater extent in the NC line than the RBC2 line. At 33°C, expression of PPARγ, NPY, and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-β (C/EBPβ) was upregulated, but only in the RBC2 line. During differentiation, both lines showed greater changes in lipid accumulation and in C/EBPβ and NPY expression if the thermal challenge was initiated during proliferation. These data suggest that adipogenic gene expression is more responsive to thermal challenge in proliferating SCs than in differentiating SCs, and that growth-selection has increased temperature sensitivity of SCs, which may significantly affect breast muscle structure and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Xu
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Gale M Strasburg
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Kent M Reed
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Sandra G Velleman
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
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Rehman A, Pacher P, Haskó G. Role of Macrophages in the Endocrine System. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:238-256. [PMID: 33455863 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are cells of the innate immune system that play myriad roles in the body. Macrophages are known to reside in endocrine glands, and a body of evidence now suggests that these cells interact closely with endocrine cells. Immune-endocrine interactions are important in the development of endocrine glands and their functioning during physiological states, and also become key players in pathophysiological states. Through gene expression profiling, diverse subpopulations of tissue macrophages have been discovered within endocrine organs; this has important implications for disease pathogenesis and potential pharmacotherapy. The molecular basis for the crosstalk between macrophages and endocrine cells is being unraveled, and allows the identification of multiple points for pharmacologic intervention. Macrophages in adipose tissue and pancreatic islets are key players in the process of metaflammation (metabolic inflammation) that underlies the development of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In the ovary, they play important roles in ovarian folliculogenesis and ovulation, whereas in the male reproductive tract they regulate spermatogenesis through the regulation of steroidogenesis by Leydig cells. We summarize the diverse roles played by macrophages in the endocrine system and identify potential targets for pharmacotherapy in endocrine disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rehman
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Pál Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Pacheco D, Izaola O, Primo D, de Luis D. Allele a of the rs16147 variant of neuropeptide Y predicts early metabolic improvements after bariatric surgery with biliopancreatic diversion in morbid obese subjects. CLINICAL NUTRITION OPEN SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutos.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Berberine for Appetite Suppressant and Prevention of Obesity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2020:3891806. [PMID: 33415147 PMCID: PMC7752296 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3891806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Berberine (BBR), a natural plant product, has been shown to have antidiabetic, cholesterol-reducing effects. To investigate the action of BBR as appetite suppressants, two experimental protocols were performed. In the first experiment, the mice were fed either a normal-chow diet or a high-fat diet (HF). The mice received daily intraperitoneal injections of BBR (10 mg/kg or saline at 1 ml/kg) for 3 weeks. To determine the antiobesity effects of BBR, the food consumption, body weight, fat contents, serum leptin, and glucose level were investigated. In the second experiment, we set out to validate the effect of BBR on central neuropeptide Y (NPY) stimulated rats. Experiments were carried out in 24-hour fasted rats, and then food intake and glucose level were subsequently recorded for 1 hour. The experimental groups were subdivided into the intra-3rd ventricular microinjections of ACSF (artificial cerebrospinal fluid), neuropeptide Y (NPY; 100 nM), NPY+BBR (10 nM), and NPY+BBR (100 nM) group. And then the blood glucose level was examined. In the first experiment, treatment with BBR in the HF diet mice reduced food intake, body weight, fat contents, serum leptin, and glucose level. In the second experiment, the NPY-injected group increased food intake by 39.3%, and food intake was reduced in the BBR group by 47.5%, compared with the ACSF-injected group. Also, the serum glucose level in the NPY+BBR (100 nM) group was significantly lower than that in the NPY (100 nM) group. The results suggest that BBR improved lipid dysregulation in obesity by controlling the central obesity related pathway.
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Zhang Q, Miao Q, Yang Y, Lu J, Zhang H, Feng Y, Wu W, Zhu X, Xiang B, Sun Q, Guan Y, Li Y, Zuo C, Ye H. Neuropeptide Y Plays an Important Role in the Relationship Between Brain Glucose Metabolism and Brown Adipose Tissue Activity in Healthy Adults: A PET/CT Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:694162. [PMID: 34305816 PMCID: PMC8299202 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.694162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brown adipose tissue (BAT) becomes the favorite target for preventing and treating metabolic diseases because the activated BAT can produce heat and consume energy. The brain, especially the hypothalamus, which secretes Neuropeptide Y (NPY), is speculated to regulate BAT activity. However, whether NPY is involved in BAT activity's central regulation in humans remains unclear. Thus, it's essential to explore the relationship between brain glucose metabolism and human BAT activity. METHODS A controlled study with a large sample of healthy adults used Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) to noninvasively investigate BAT's activity and brain glucose metabolism in vivo. Eighty healthy adults with activated BAT according to the PET/CT scan volunteered to be the BAT positive group, while 80 healthy adults without activated BAT but with the same gender, similar age, and BMI, scanning on the same day, were recruited as the control (BAT negative). We use Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) to analyze the brain image data, Picture Archiving & Communication System (PACS), and PET/CT Viewer software to calculate the semi-quantitative values of brain glucose metabolism and BAT activity. ELISA tested the levels of fasting plasma NPY. The multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the correlation between brain glucose metabolism, the level of NPY, and the BAT activity in the BAT positive group. RESULTS (1) Compared with controls, BAT positive group showed significant metabolic decreases mainly in the right Insula (BA13a, BA13b) and the right claustrum (uncorrected P <0.01, adjusted BMI). (2) The three brain regions' semi-quantitative values in the BAT positive group were significantly lower than the negative group (all P values < 0.05). (3) After adjusting for age, gender, BMI, and outside temperature, there was a negative correlation between brain metabolic values and BAT activity (all P values < 0.05). However, after further adjusting for NPY level, there were no significant differences between the BA13b metabolic values and BAT activity (P>0.05), while the correlation between the BA13a metabolic values and BAT activity still was significant (P< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Regional brain glucose metabolism is closely related to healthy adults' BAT activity, which may be mediated by NPY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongyue Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism & Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hongying Ye, ; Chuantao Zuo, ; Yiming Li, ; Qiongyue Zhang,
| | - Qing Miao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yehong Yang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaying Lu
- Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiwei Zhang
- Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghao Feng
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Boni Xiang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quanya Sun
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihui Guan
- Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hongying Ye, ; Chuantao Zuo, ; Yiming Li, ; Qiongyue Zhang,
| | - Chuantao Zuo
- Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hongying Ye, ; Chuantao Zuo, ; Yiming Li, ; Qiongyue Zhang,
| | - Hongying Ye
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hongying Ye, ; Chuantao Zuo, ; Yiming Li, ; Qiongyue Zhang,
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Tolle V, Ramoz N, Epelbaum J. Is there a hypothalamic basis for anorexia nervosa? HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 181:405-424. [PMID: 34238474 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-820683-6.00030-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamus has long been known to control food intake and energy metabolism through a complex network of primary and secondary neurons and glial cells. Anorexia nervosa being a complex disorder characterized by abnormal feeding behavior and food aversion, it is thus quite surprising that not much is known concerning potential hypothalamic modifications in this disorder. In this chapter, we review the recent advances in the fields of genetics, epigenetics, structural and functional imaging, and brain connectivity, as well as neuroendocrine findings and emerging animal models, which have begun to unravel the importance of hypothalamic adaptive processes to our understanding of the pathology of eating disorders.
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Schellekens H, Torres-Fuentes C, van de Wouw M, Long-Smith CM, Mitchell A, Strain C, Berding K, Bastiaanssen TFS, Rea K, Golubeva AV, Arboleya S, Verpaalen M, Pusceddu MM, Murphy A, Fouhy F, Murphy K, Ross P, Roy BL, Stanton C, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Bifidobacterium longum counters the effects of obesity: Partial successful translation from rodent to human. EBioMedicine 2020; 63:103176. [PMID: 33349590 PMCID: PMC7838052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The human gut microbiota has emerged as a key factor in the development of obesity. Certain probiotic strains have shown anti-obesity effects. The objective of this study was to investigate whether Bifidobacterium longum APC1472 has anti-obesity effects in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice and whether B. longum APC1472 supplementation reduces body-mass index (BMI) in healthy overweight/obese individuals as the primary outcome. B. longum APC1472 effects on waist-to-hip ratio (W/H ratio) and on obesity-associated plasma biomarkers were analysed as secondary outcomes. Methods B. longum APC1472 was administered to HFD-fed C57BL/6 mice in drinking water for 16 weeks. In the human intervention trial, participants received B. longum APC1472 or placebo supplementation for 12 weeks, during which primary and secondary outcomes were measured at the beginning and end of the intervention. Findings B. longum APC1472 supplementation was associated with decreased bodyweight, fat depots accumulation and increased glucose tolerance in HFD-fed mice. While, in healthy overweight/obese adults, the supplementation of B. longum APC1472 strain did not change primary outcomes of BMI (0.03, 95% CI [-0.4, 0.3]) or W/H ratio (0.003, 95% CI [-0.01, 0.01]), a positive effect on the secondary outcome of fasting blood glucose levels was found (-0.299, 95% CI [-0.44, -0.09]). Interpretation This study shows a positive translational effect of B. longum APC1472 on fasting blood glucose from a preclinical mouse model of obesity to a human intervention study in otherwise healthy overweight and obese individuals. This highlights the promising potential of B. longum APC1472 to be developed as a valuable supplement in reducing specific markers of obesity. Funding This research was funded in part by Science Foundation Ireland in the form of a Research Centre grant (SFI/12/RC/2273) to APC Microbiome Ireland and by a research grant from Cremo S.A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriët Schellekens
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | | | | | | | - Avery Mitchell
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Conall Strain
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kirsten Berding
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Thomaz F S Bastiaanssen
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kieran Rea
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Anna V Golubeva
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Silvia Arboleya
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mathieu Verpaalen
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Amy Murphy
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fiona Fouhy
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kiera Murphy
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; College of Science Engineering & Food Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Dept of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Li C, Xu JJ, Hu HT, Shi CY, Yu CJ, Sheng JZ, Wu YT, Huang HF. Amylin receptor insensitivity impairs hypothalamic POMC neuron differentiation in the male offspring of maternal high-fat diet-fed mice. Mol Metab 2020; 44:101135. [PMID: 33279727 PMCID: PMC7773963 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Amylin was found to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism by acting on the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC). Maternal high-fat diet (HFD) induces sex-specific metabolic diseases mediated by the ARC in offspring. This study was performed to explore 1) the effect of maternal HFD-induced alterations in amylin on the differentiation of hypothalamic neurons and metabolic disorders in male offspring and 2) the specific molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of amylin and its receptor in response to maternal HFD. Methods Maternal HFD and gestational hyper-amylin mice models were established to explore the role of hypothalamic amylin and receptor activity-modifying protein 3 (Ramp3) in regulating offspring metabolism. RNA pull-down, mass spectrometry, RNA immunoprecipitation, and RNA decay assays were performed to investigate the mechanism underlying the influence of maternal HFD on Ramp3 deficiency in the fetal hypothalamus. Results Male offspring with maternal HFD grew heavier and developed metabolic disorders, whereas female offspring with maternal HFD showed a slight increase in body weight and did not develop metabolic disorders compared to those exposed to maternal normal chow diet (NCD). Male offspring exposed to a maternal HFD had hyperamylinemia from birth until adulthood, which was inconsistent with offspring exposed to maternal NCD. Hyperamylinemia in the maternal HFD-exposed male offspring might be attributed to amylin accumulation following Ramp3 deficiency in the fetal hypothalamus. After Ramp3 knockdown in hypothalamic neural stem cells (htNSCs), amylin was found to fail to promote the differentiation of anorexigenic alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-proopiomelanocortin (α-MSH-POMC) neurons but not orexigenic agouti-related protein-neuropeptide Y (AgRP-Npy) neurons. An investigation of the mechanism involved showed that IGF2BP1 could specifically bind to Ramp3 in htNSCs and maintain its mRNA stability. Downregulation of IGF2BP1 in htNSCs in the HFD group could decrease Ramp3 expression and lead to an impairment of α-MSH-POMC neuron differentiation. Conclusions These findings suggest that gestational exposure to HFD decreases the expression of IGF2BP1 in the hypothalami of male offspring and destabilizes Ramp3 mRNA, which leads to amylin resistance. The subsequent impairment of POMC neuron differentiation induces sex-specific metabolic disorders in adulthood. Maternal HFD leads to Ramp3 deficiency in fetal hypothalami of male offspring. IGF2BP1 binds to Ramp3 in htNSCs specifically and maintains its mRNA stability. Maternal HFD decreases Ramp3 in htNSCs via downregulating IGF2BP1. Ramp3 deficiency induced by maternal HFD results in amylin resistance in htNSCs. Amylin resistance induced by Ramp3 deficiency impairs POMC neuron differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China; Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Jing Xu
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China; Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Tao Hu
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China; Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao-Yi Shi
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China; Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuan-Jin Yu
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China; Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Sheng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan-Ting Wu
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China; Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - He-Feng Huang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China; Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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[Effect of a Mediterranean-pattern diet on the metabolic response secondary to weight loss; role of the single nucleotide polymorphism (rs16147) of neuropeptide Y]. NUTR HOSP 2020; 37:742-749. [PMID: 32686440 DOI: 10.20960/nh.02941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Background and aims: intervention studies that evaluate the effect of rs16147 on metabolic response and weight change after dietary intervention are scarce. We propose to evaluate the role of the rs16147 genetic variant in the metabolic effects produced by a hypocaloric Mediterranean-pattern diet with high content of omega-9. Material and methods: a sample of 363 obese subjects was recruited. At the baseline visit the patients were randomly assigned to one of two hypocaloric diets for 12 weeks (diet M, Mediterranean pattern; diet C, standard hypocaloric). All patients, at baseline and at 12 weeks, had biochemical and anthropometric variables measured, and genotyping performed for the rs16147 variant. Results: in all subjects, and with both diets, the parameters of adiposity, blood pressure, and circulating leptin improved. In obese subjects with allele (A) insulin levels (GG vs. GA + AA) (-0.9 ± 1.1 IU/L vs. -4.4 ± 1.0 IU/L; p = 0.01) and HOMA-IR (-0.3 ± 0.1 units vs. -1.2 ± 0.3 units; p = 0.02) decreased significantly with diet M. Subjects carrying the minor allele showed a significant decrease in basal insulin levels (GG vs. GA + AA) (0.7 ± 0.3 IU/L vs. -2.2 ± 0.9 IU/L: p = 0.02) and HOMA-IR (-0.3 ± 0.2 units vs. -0.7 ± 0.1 units: p = 0.01) after diet C. This decrease in circulating insulin and HOMA-IR levels in patients with allele A was significantly higher with diet M than with diet C. Conclusions: the A allele of the rs16147 variant produces a better metabolic response in terms of insulin resistance and basal insulin secondary to weight loss with two different hypocaloric diets in obese subjects, with improvement being higher with the Mediterranean diet.
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Higher Serum Neuropeptide Y Levels Are Associated with Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity in Obese Chinese Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:7903140. [PMID: 32831640 PMCID: PMC7424399 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7903140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Neuropeptide Y (NPY), an orexigenic peptide known to cause hyperphagia, has been involved in the occurrence and development of obesity. However, differences in the distribution of serum NPY levels in obese phenotypes (including metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) phenotype and metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) phenotype) and the association of NPY with MUO phenotype have not been unequivocally established. We therefore determined associations of serum NPY levels with MUO phenotype in obese Chinese adults. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from 400 obese adults in Hunan province, who underwent a health examination in the Second Xiangya Hospital, and 164 participants were finally enrolled in the study and divided into MHO and MUO groups. Serum NPY levels were examined; univariate and multivariate analyses as well as smooth curve fitting analyses were conducted to measure the association of NPY serum levels with the MUO phenotype. Results Serum NPY levels were significantly elevated in the MUO group compared with the MHO group ((667.69 ± 292.90) pg/mL vs. (478.89 ± 145.53) pg/mL, p < 0.001). A threshold and nonlinear association between serum NPY levels and MUO was found (p = 0.001). When serum NPY levels exceeded the turning point (471.5 pg/mL), each 10 pg/mL increment in the NPY serum level was significantly associated with an 18% increased odds ratio of MUO phenotype (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.07–1.29, p = 0.0007) after adjusted for confounders. Conclusions Higher NPY serum levels were positively correlated with MUO phenotype in obese Chinese adults.
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Crosstalk of Brain and Bone-Clinical Observations and Their Molecular Bases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144946. [PMID: 32668736 PMCID: PMC7404044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As brain and bone disorders represent major health issues worldwide, substantial clinical investigations demonstrated a bidirectional crosstalk on several levels, mechanistically linking both apparently unrelated organs. While multiple stress, mood and neurodegenerative brain disorders are associated with osteoporosis, rare genetic skeletal diseases display impaired brain development and function. Along with brain and bone pathologies, particularly trauma events highlight the strong interaction of both organs. This review summarizes clinical and experimental observations reported for the crosstalk of brain and bone, followed by a detailed overview of their molecular bases. While brain-derived molecules affecting bone include central regulators, transmitters of the sympathetic, parasympathetic and sensory nervous system, bone-derived mediators altering brain function are released from bone cells and the bone marrow. Although the main pathways of the brain-bone crosstalk remain ‘efferent’, signaling from brain to bone, this review emphasizes the emergence of bone as a crucial ‘afferent’ regulator of cerebral development, function and pathophysiology. Therefore, unraveling the physiological and pathological bases of brain-bone interactions revealed promising pharmacologic targets and novel treatment strategies promoting concurrent brain and bone recovery.
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Repercussions of maternal exposure to high-fat diet on offspring feeding behavior and body composition: a systematic review. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2020; 12:220-228. [DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420000318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMaternal nutrition is an environmental determinant for offspring growth and development, especially in critical periods. Nutritional imbalances during these phases can promote dysregulations in food intake and feeding preference in offspring, affecting body composition. The aim of this review is to summarize and discuss the effects of maternal high-fat diet (HFD) on offspring feeding behavior and body composition. A search was performed in the PUBMED, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and LILACS databases. Inclusion criteria were studies in rodents whose mothers were submitted to HFD that assessed outcomes of food or caloric intake on offspring and food preference associated or not with body weight or body composition analysis. At the end of the search, 17 articles with the proposed characteristics were included. In these studies, 15 articles manipulated diet during pregnancy and lactation, 1 during pregnancy only, and 1 during lactation only. Maternal exposure to a HFD leads to increased food intake, increased preference for HFDs, and earlier food independence in offspring. The offspring from HFD mothers present low birthweight but become heavier into adulthood. In addition, these animals also exhibited greater fat deposition on white adipose tissue pads. In conclusion, maternal exposure to HFD may compromise parameters in feeding behavior and body composition of offspring, impairing the health from conception until adulthood.
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Lee NJ, Qi Y, Enriquez RF, Ip CK, Herzog H. Lack of NPY in neurotensin neurons leads to a lean phenotype. Neuropeptides 2020; 80:101994. [PMID: 31740068 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2019.101994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) producing neurons in the arcuate nucleus (Arc) of the hypothalamus are essential to the regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis. Whilst they have classically been thought to co-express agouti-related peptide (AgRP), it is now clear that there is a sub-population of NPY neurons in the Arc that do not. Here, we show that a subset of AgRP-negative, NPY-positive neurons in the Arc also express neurotensin (NTS) and we use an NTS-Cre line to investigate the function of this sub-population of NPY neurons. The lack of NPY in NTS-positive neurons led to a marked reduction in fat mass and bodyweight as well as a significant reduction in food intake in male NPYlox/lox; NTScre/+ mice compared to controls. Despite the reduction in food intake, overall energy expenditure was similar between genotypes due to concomitant reduction in activity in NPYlox/lox; NTScre/+ mice. Furthermore, cortical bone mass was significantly reduced in NPYlox/lox;NTScre/+ mice with no evident alterations in the cancellous bone compartment, likely due to reduced leptin levels as a result of their reduced adiposity. Taken together, these data suggest that the sub-population of Arc NPY neurons expressing NTS are critical for regulating food intake, activity and fat mass but are not directly involved in the control of bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J Lee
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Yue Qi
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Ronaldo F Enriquez
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Chi Kin Ip
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Herbert Herzog
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Wu Y, He H, Cheng Z, Bai Y, Ma X. The Role of Neuropeptide Y and Peptide YY in the Development of Obesity via Gut-brain Axis. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 20:750-758. [PMID: 30678628 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190125105401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the main challenges of public health in the 21st century. Obesity can induce a series of chronic metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension and nonalcoholic fatty liver, which seriously affect human health. Gut-brain axis, the two-direction pathway formed between enteric nervous system and central nervous system, plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of obesity. Gastrointestinal signals are projected through the gut-brain axis to nervous system, and respond to various gastrointestinal stimulation. The central nervous system regulates visceral activity through the gut-brain axis. Brain-gut peptides have important regulatory roles in the gut-brain axis. The brain-gut peptides of the gastrointestinal system and the nervous system regulate the gastrointestinal movement, feeling, secretion, absorption and other complex functions through endocrine, neurosecretion and paracrine to secrete peptides. Both neuropeptide Y and peptide YY belong to the pancreatic polypeptide family and are important brain-gut peptides. Neuropeptide Y and peptide YY have functions that are closely related to appetite regulation and obesity formation. This review describes the role of the gutbrain axis in regulating appetite and maintaining energy balance, and the functions of brain-gut peptides neuropeptide Y and peptide YY in obesity. The relationship between NPY and PYY and the interaction between the NPY-PYY signaling with the gut microbiota are also described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wu
- State Key Lab of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hengxun He
- State Key Lab of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhibin Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunan 650201, China
| | - Yueyu Bai
- Animal Health Supervision of Henan province, Breeding Animal Genetic Performance Measurement Center of Henan province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China.,Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Lab of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Maejima Y, Kato S, Horita S, Ueta Y, Takenoshita S, Kobayashi K, Shimomura K. The hypothalamus to brainstem circuit suppresses late-onset body weight gain. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18360. [PMID: 31798010 PMCID: PMC6892811 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54870-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Body weight (BW) is regulated in age-dependent manner; it continues to increase during growth period, and reaches a plateau once reaching adulthood. However, its underlying mechanism remains unknown. Regarding such mechanisms in the brain, we here report that neural circuits from the hypothalamus (paraventricular nucleus: PVN) to the brainstem (dorsal vagal complex: DVC) suppress late-onset BW gain without affecting food intake. The genetic suppression of the PVN-DVC circuit induced BW increase only in aged rats, indicating that this circuit contributes to suppress the BW at a fixed level after reaching adulthood. PVN neurons in the hypothalamus were inactive in younger rats but active in aged rats. The density of neuropeptide Y (NPY) terminal/fiber is reduced in the aged rat PVN area. The differences in neuronal activity, including oxytocin neurons in the PVN, were affected by the application of NPY or its receptor inhibitor, indicating that NPY is a possible regulator of this pathway. Our data provide new insights into understanding age-dependent BW regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Maejima
- Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kato
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Horita
- Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ueta
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Seiichi Takenoshita
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Global Medical Science Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kenju Shimomura
- Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
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Yuan D, Gao Y, Zhang X, Wang B, Chen H, Wu Y, Chen D, Wang Z, Li Z. NPY and NPY receptors in the central control of feeding and interactions with CART and MC4R in Siberian sturgeon. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 284:113239. [PMID: 31394086 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.113239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is the most powerful central neuropeptide implicated in feeding regulation via its receptors. Understanding the role of NPY system is critical to elucidate animal feeding regulation. Unlike mammal, the possible mechanisms of NPY system in the food intake of teleost fish are mostly unknown. Therefore, we investigated the regulatory mechanism of NPY and NPY receptors in Siberian sturgeon. In this study, we cloned the cDNA encoding NPY, and assessed the effects of different energy status on npy mRNAs abundance. The expression of npy was decreased in the brain after feeding 1 and 3 h. Besides, the expression of npy was increased after fasting within 15 days, while exhibiting significant decrease after refeeding. In order to further characterize the role of NPY receptor in fish, we performed acute intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of NPY Y1 and Y2 receptor agonists, which is [Leu 31, Pro 34] NPY and NPY13-36 respectively. The results showed that the food intake of Siberian sturgeon was increased within 30 mins after injection of both Y1 and Y2 receptor agonist. To explore the relationship between NPY, NPY receptors and another appetite peptides, we examined the level of npy, cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (cart) and melanocortin-4 receptor (mc4r) by injected Y1 and Y2 receptor agonist. The results suggested that cart expression was regulated by NPY which acts on Y1 receptor or Y2 receptor. While mc4r expression just was mediated by NPY and Y1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengyue Yuan
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yundi Gao
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China
| | - Hu Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China
| | - Yuanbing Wu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China
| | - Defang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China
| | - Zhijian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhiqiong Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China.
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Wittrisch S, Klöting N, Mörl K, Chakaroun R, Blüher M, Beck-Sickinger AG. NPY 1R-targeted peptide-mediated delivery of a dual PPARα/γ agonist to adipocytes enhances adipogenesis and prevents diabetes progression. Mol Metab 2019; 31:163-180. [PMID: 31918918 PMCID: PMC6931124 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective PPARα/γ dual agonists have been in clinical development for the treatment of metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia. However, severe adverse side effects led to complications in clinical trials. As most of the beneficial effects rely on the compound activity in adipocytes, the selective targeting of this cell type is a cutting-edge strategy to develop safe anti-diabetic drugs. The goal of this study was to strengthen the adipocyte-specific uptake of the PPARα/γ agonist tesaglitazar via NPY1R-mediated internalization. Methods NPY1R-preferring peptide tesaglitazar-[F7, P34]-NPY (tesa-NPY) was synthesized by a combination of automated SPPS and manual couplings. Following molecular and functional analyses for proof of concept, cell culture experiments were conducted to monitor the effects on adipogenesis. Mice treated with peptide drug conjugates or vehicle either by gavage or intraperitoneal injection were characterized phenotypically and metabolically. Histological analysis and transcriptional profiling of the adipose tissue were performed. Results In vitro studies revealed that the tesaglitazar-[F7, P34]-NPY conjugate selectively activates PPARγ in NPY1R-expressing cells and enhances adipocyte differentiation and adiponectin expression in adipocyte precursor cells. In vivo studies using db/db mice demonstrated that the anti-diabetic activity of the peptide conjugate is as efficient as that of systemically administered tesaglitazar. Additionally, tesa-NPY induces adipocyte differentiation in vivo. Conclusions The use of the tesaglitazar-[F7, P34]-NPY conjugate is a promising strategy to apply the beneficial PPARα/γ effects in adipocytes while potentially omitting adverse effects in other tissues. Tesaglitazar-NPY targets adipocytes via NPY1R receptor-mediated internalization. Peptide-drug conjugate is specifically delivered to NPY1R-expressing cells. Release of tesaglitazar in adipocytes activates PPARγ. Drug delivery enhances adipocyte differentiation and adiponectin expression. Peptide conjugate exhibits antidiabetic activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Wittrisch
- Universität Leipzig, Institute of Biochemistry, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nora Klöting
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity, and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Karin Mörl
- Universität Leipzig, Institute of Biochemistry, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rima Chakaroun
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity, and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity, and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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de Luis DA, Izaola O, Primo D, Aller R. Different effects of high-protein/low-carbohydrate versus standard hypocaloric diet on insulin resistance and lipid profile: Role of rs16147 variant of neuropeptide Y. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019; 156:107825. [PMID: 31449874 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Few studies have assessed the effect of the NPY gene rs16147 variant on metabolic response following a dietary intervention. We evaluated the effect of rs16147 on body weight and biochemical changes after a high-protein/low-carbohydrate hypocaloric diet compared with a standard severe hypocaloric diet over 9 months. MATERIALS AND METHODS A population of 270 obese individuals was enrolled. At baseline, participants were randomly allocated to one of two hypocaloric diets, high protein (Diet HP) or standard (Diet S), for a period of 9 months. RESULTS After both diets, all genotypes showed decreased body mass index, weight, fat mass, waist circumference, and leptin levels. Participants with the minor allele (A) assigned to the HP diet showed decreases in total cholesterol (-6.5 ± 4.8 vs 10.1 ± 4.1 mg/dL; p < 0.05), LDL cholesterol (-5.9 ± 3.8 vs 9.6 ± 2.4 mg/dL; p < 0.05), triglycerides (-1.0 ± 4.8 vs 16.2 ± 4.1 mg/dL; p < 0.05), insulin (-0.5 ± 2.8 vs 1.7 ± 2.1 UI/L; p < 0.05), HOMA-IR (-0.2 ± 2.1 vs 0.5 ± 2.0 units; p < 0.05), and CRP (-0.3 ± 0.4 vs 1.3 ± 0.2 mg/dL; p < 0.05). Participants with the minor allele assigned to diet S also showed decreases in total cholesterol (-6.1 ± 4.1 vs 14.4 ± 3.1 mg/dL; p < 0.05), LDL-cholesterol (-3.1 ± 2.8 vs 15.0 ± 3.1 mg/dL; p < 0.05), triglycerides (-6.9 ± 4.1 vs 13.2 ± 4.0 mg/dL; p < 0.05), insulin (-0.3 ± 2.1 vs. -1.2 ± 0.2 UI/L: p < 0.05), HOMA-IR (-0.3 ± 2.1 vs. -1.6 ± 1.1 units: p < 0.05), and CRP (-0.4 ± 0.1 vs 1.1 ± 0.2 mg/dL; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION In obese Caucasians, the presence of the A allele of the rs16147 genetic variant produces a better metabolic response that is secondary to weight loss with two different hypocaloric diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Antonio de Luis
- Center of Investigation of Endocrinology and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinico Universitario, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Olatz Izaola
- Center of Investigation of Endocrinology and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinico Universitario, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - David Primo
- Center of Investigation of Endocrinology and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinico Universitario, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rocio Aller
- Center of Investigation of Endocrinology and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinico Universitario, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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Guilherme A, Henriques F, Bedard AH, Czech MP. Molecular pathways linking adipose innervation to insulin action in obesity and diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019; 15:207-225. [PMID: 30733616 PMCID: PMC7073451 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-019-0165-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue comprises adipocytes and many other cell types that engage in dynamic crosstalk in a highly innervated and vascularized tissue matrix. Although adipose tissue has been studied for decades, it has been appreciated only in the past 5 years that extensive arborization of nerve fibres has a dominant role in regulating the function of adipose tissue. This Review summarizes the latest literature, which suggests that adipocytes signal to local sensory nerve fibres in response to perturbations in lipolysis and lipogenesis. Such adipocyte signalling to the central nervous system causes sympathetic output to distant adipose depots and potentially other metabolic tissues to regulate systemic glucose homeostasis. Paracrine factors identified in the past few years that mediate such adipocyte-neuron crosstalk are also reviewed. Similarly, immune cells and endothelial cells within adipose tissue communicate with local nerve fibres to modulate neurotransmitter tone, blood flow, adipocyte differentiation and energy expenditure, including adipose browning to produce heat. This understudied field of neurometabolism related to adipose tissue biology has great potential to reveal new mechanistic insights and potential therapeutic strategies for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adilson Guilherme
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Felipe Henriques
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Alexander H Bedard
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Michael P Czech
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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The effect of peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY3–36), a selective Y2 receptor agonist on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in albino rats. Endocr Regul 2019; 53:26-33. [DOI: 10.2478/enr-2019-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of the PYY3–36, as a potential therapy for the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), induced by high fat diet (HFD) and an intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of streptozotocin (STZ) in albino rats.
Methods. Forty adult male albino Wistar rats were divided into: 1) control group (C, in which the rats were fed with a standard diet and received vehicle; 2) diabetic group (D, in which T2DM was induced by feeding the rats with HFD for four weeks followed by a single i.p. injection of 35 mg/kg STZ, this group was also allowed to have HFD till the end of the study; and 3) D+PYY3–36 group (in which the diabetic rats were treated with 50 µg/kg i.p. PYY3–36 twice a day for one week). Food intake, water intake, body weight (b.w.), visceral fat weight (VFW), liver glycogen content, serum levels of glucose, insulin, and interleukin-6 (IL-6), were measured. Homeostatic-model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was estimated. The gene expression of the hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) and visceral nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were assessed by a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
Results. The PYY3–36 administration to the diabetic group of rats significantly increased the serum insulin levels and liver glycogen content, decreased the body weight, VFW, food intake, water intake, serum levels of the glucose, IL-6, and HOMA-IR. It also decreased the expression of both the hypothalamic NPY and the visceral fat NF-κB.
Conclusion. With respect to the fact of improved insulin release and enhanced insulin sensitivity (an effect that may be mediated via suppressing accumulation of visceral fat and inflammatory markers), in the rats treated with PYY3–36, the PYY3–36 might be considered for the future as a promising therapeutic tool in T2DM.
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Smitka K, Nedvidkova J, Vondra K, Hill M, Papezova H, Hainer V. Acipimox Administration With Exercise Induces a Co-feedback Action of the GH, PP, and PYY on Ghrelin Associated With a Reduction of Peripheral Lipolysis in Bulimic and Healthy-Weight Czech Women: A Randomized Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:108. [PMID: 30915029 PMCID: PMC6422902 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Anti-lipolytic drugs and exercise are enhancers of growth hormone (GH) secretion. Decreased circulating free fatty acids (FFA) have been proposed to exert ghrelin-GH feedback loop after administration of an anti-lipolytic longer-acting analog of nicotinic acid, Acipimox (OLB, 5-Methylpyrazine-2-carboxylic acid 4-oxide, molecular weight of 154.1 Da). OLB administration strongly suppresses plasma FFA during exercise. Neuroendocrine perturbations of the adipose tissue (AT), gut, and brain peptides may be involved in the etiopathogenesis of eating disorders including bulimia nervosa (BN) and anorexia nervosa. BN is characterized by binge eating, self-induced vomiting or excessive exercise. Approach: To test the hypothesis that treatment with OLB together with exercise vs. exercise alone would induce feedback action of GH, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY), and leptin on ghrelin in Czech women with BN and in healthy-weight Czech women (HW). The lipolysis rate (as glycerol release) in subcutaneous abdominal AT was assessed with microdialysis. At an academic medical center, 12 BN and 12 HW (the control group) were randomized to OLB 500 mg 1 h before a single exercise bout (45 min, 2 W/kg of lean body mass [LBM]) once a week vs. identical placebo over a total of 2 weeks. Blood plasma concentrations of GH, PP, PYY, leptin, ghrelin, FFA, glycerol, and concentrations of AT interstitial glycerol were estimated during the test by RIA utilizing 125I-labeled tracer, the electrochemiluminescence technique (ECLIA) or colorimetric kits. Results: OLB administration together with short-term exercise significantly increased plasma GH (P < 0.0001), PP (P < 0.0001), PYY, and leptin concentrations and significantly decreased plasma ghrelin (P < 0.01) concentrations in both groups, whereas short-term exercise with placebo resulted in plasma ghrelin (P < 0.05) decrease exclusively in BN. OLB administration together with short-term exercise significantly lowered local subcutaneous abdominal AT interstitial glycerol (P < 0.0001) to a greater extent in BN. Conclusion: OLB-induced suppression of plasma ghrelin concentrations together with short-term exercise and after the post-exercise recovering phase suggests a potential negative co-feedback of GH, PP, PYY, and leptin on ghrelin secretion to a greater extent in BN. Simultaneously, the exercise-induced elevation in AT interstitial glycerol leading to a higher inhibition of peripheral lipolysis by OLB in BN. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03338387.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kvido Smitka
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czechia
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Physiology, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathological Physiology, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Kvido Smitka ;
| | - Jara Nedvidkova
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Karel Vondra
- Clinical Department, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Hill
- Steroid Hormone and Proteofactors Department, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Hana Papezova
- First Faculty of Medicine, Eating Disorder Center, Psychiatric Clinic, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vojtech Hainer
- Obesity Management Center, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czechia
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