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Pozo-Rosich P, Alpuente A, Silberstein SD, Burstein R. Insights from 25 years of onabotulinumtoxinA in migraine - mechanisms and management. Nat Rev Neurol 2024; 20:555-568. [PMID: 39160284 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-01002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
OnabotulinumtoxinA (BTX-A) was first linked to beneficial effects in migraine 25 years ago and was approved by the FDA for preventive treatment of chronic migraine in 2010. The treatment has since had a major impact on the well-being of people with chronic migraine. The clinical development programme for BTX-A and research since its approval have provided insights into the neuromodulatory sensory effect of BTX-A, how it can control chronic migraine despite its peripheral action, and the underlying biology of migraine as a disease. In this Review, we consider the impact that BTX-A has had on the management of chronic migraine and on the research field. We discuss the insights provided by clinical research, encompassing the clinical trials and subsequent real-world evidence, and the mechanistic insights provided by preclinical and translational research. We also provide an overview of future directions of research in the field BTX-A in migraine and the clinical translation of this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Pozo-Rosich
- Headache & Neurological Pain Clinic, Neurology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.
- Headache and Neurological Pain Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alicia Alpuente
- Headache & Neurological Pain Clinic, Neurology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Headache and Neurological Pain Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Rami Burstein
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Goel K, Chhetri A, Ludhiadch A, Munshi A. Current Update on Categorization of Migraine Subtypes on the Basis of Genetic Variation: a Systematic Review. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:4804-4833. [PMID: 38135854 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03837-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Migraine is a complex neurovascular disorder that is characterized by severe behavioral, sensory, visual, and/or auditory symptoms. It has been labeled as one of the ten most disabling medical illnesses in the world by the World Health Organization (Aagaard et al Sci Transl Med 6(237):237ra65, 2014). According to a recent report by the American Migraine Foundation (Shoulson et al Ann Neurol 25(3):252-9, 1989), around 148 million people in the world currently suffer from migraine. On the basis of presence of aura, migraine is classified into two major subtypes: migraine with aura (Aagaard et al Sci Transl Med 6(237):237ra65, 2014) and migraine without aura. (Aagaard K et al Sci Transl Med 6(237):237ra65, 2014) Many complex genetic mechanisms have been proposed in the pathophysiology of migraine but specific pathways associated with the different subtypes of migraine have not yet been explored. Various approaches including candidate gene association studies (CGAS) and genome-wide association studies (Fan et al Headache: J Head Face Pain 54(4):709-715, 2014). have identified the genetic markers associated with migraine and its subtypes. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (Kaur et al Egyp J Neurol, Psychiatry Neurosurg 55(1):1-7, 2019) within genes involved in ion homeostasis, solute transport, synaptic transmission, cortical excitability, and vascular function have been associated with the disorder. Currently, the diagnosis of migraine is majorly behavioral with no focus on the genetic markers and thereby the therapeutic intervention specific to subtypes. Therefore, there is a need to explore genetic variants significantly associated with MA and MO as susceptibility markers in the diagnosis and targets for therapeutic interventions in the specific subtypes of migraine. Although the proper characterization of pathways based on different subtypes is yet to be studied, this review aims to make a first attempt to compile the information available on various genetic variants and the molecular mechanisms involved with the development of MA and MO. An attempt has also been made to suggest novel candidate genes based on their function to be explored by future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashish Goel
- Complex Disease Genomics and Precision Medicine Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India, 151401
| | - Aakash Chhetri
- Complex Disease Genomics and Precision Medicine Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India, 151401
| | - Abhilash Ludhiadch
- Complex Disease Genomics and Precision Medicine Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India, 151401
| | - Anjana Munshi
- Complex Disease Genomics and Precision Medicine Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India, 151401.
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Rumbus Z, Fekete K, Kelava L, Gardos B, Klonfar K, Keringer P, Pinter E, Pakai E, Garami A. Ammonium chloride-induced hypothermia is attenuated by transient receptor potential channel vanilloid-1, but augmented by ankyrin-1 in rodents. Life Sci 2024; 346:122633. [PMID: 38615746 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Systemic administration of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), an acidifying agent used in human patients and experimental conditions, causes hypothermia in mice, however, the mechanisms of the thermoregulatory response to NH4Cl and whether it develops in other species remained unknown. MAIN METHODS We studied body temperature (Tb) changes in rats and mice induced by intraperitoneal administration of NH4Cl after blockade of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) or ankyrin-1 (TRPA1) channels. KEY FINDINGS In rats, NH4Cl decreased Tb by 0.4-0.8°C (p < 0.05). The NH4Cl-induced hypothermia also developed in Trpv1 knockout (Trpv1-/-) and wild-type (Trpv1+/+) mice, however, the Tb drop was exaggerated in Trpv1-/- mice compared to Trpv1+/+ controls with maximal decreases of 4.0 vs. 2.1°C, respectively (p < 0.05). Pharmacological blockade of TRPV1 channels with AMG 517 augmented the hypothermic response to NH4Cl in genetically unmodified mice and rats (p < 0.05 for both). In contrast, when NH4Cl was infused to mice genetically lacking the TRPA1 channel, the hypothermic response was significantly attenuated compared to wild-type controls with maximal mean Tb difference of 1.0°C between the genotypes (p = 0.008). Pretreatment of rats with a TRPA1 antagonist (A967079) also attenuated the NH4Cl-induced Tb drop with a maximal difference of 0.7°C between the pretreatment groups (p = 0.003). SIGNIFICANCE TRPV1 channels limit, whereas TRPA1 channels exaggerate the development of NH4Cl-induced hypothermia in rats and mice, but other mechanisms are also involved. Our results warrant for regular Tb control and careful consideration of NH4Cl treatment in patients with TRPA1 and TRPV1 channel dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Rumbus
- Department of Thermophysiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs H-7624, Hungary
| | - Kata Fekete
- Department of Thermophysiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs H-7624, Hungary
| | - Leonardo Kelava
- Department of Thermophysiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs H-7624, Hungary
| | - Bibor Gardos
- Department of Thermophysiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs H-7624, Hungary
| | - Krisztian Klonfar
- Department of Thermophysiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs H-7624, Hungary
| | - Patrik Keringer
- Department of Thermophysiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs H-7624, Hungary
| | - Erika Pinter
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs H-7624, Hungary
| | - Eszter Pakai
- Department of Thermophysiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs H-7624, Hungary
| | - Andras Garami
- Department of Thermophysiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs H-7624, Hungary.
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Friedrich N, Németh K, Tanner M, Rosta J, Dobos I, Oszlács O, Jancsó G, Messlinger K, Dux M. Anti-CGRP antibody galcanezumab modifies the function of the trigeminovascular nocisensor complex in the rat. J Headache Pain 2024; 25:9. [PMID: 38243174 PMCID: PMC10799508 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-024-01717-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monoclonal antibodies directed against the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are effective in the prevention of chronic and frequent episodic migraine. Since the antibodies do not cross the blood brain barrier, their antinociceptive effect is attributed to effects in meningeal tissues. We aimed to probe if such an antibody can be visualized within the dura mater and the trigeminal ganglia following its administration to rats and to examine if the activity of the trigeminovascular nocisensor complex is influenced by this treatment. METHODS Effects of the anti-CGRP antibody galcanezumab on the trigeminovascular nocisensor complex was examined by measuring release of sensory neuropeptides and histamine from the rat dura mater. Deposits of galcanezumab were visualized by fluorescence microscopy in the trigeminal ganglion and the dura mater. RESULTS Fluorophore-labelled galcanezumab was detected in the dura mater and the trigeminal ganglion up to 30 days after treatment affirming the long-lasting modulatory effect of this antibody. In female rats, seven days after systemic treatment with galcanezumab the capsaicin-induced release of CGRP was decreased, while that of substance P (SP) was increased in the dura mater. In control rats, release of the inhibitory neuropeptide somatostatin (SOM) was higher in females than in males. Stimulation with high concentration of KCl did not significantly change the release of SOM in control animals, while in rats treated with galcanezumab SOM release was slightly reduced. Galcanezumab treatment also reduced the amount of histamine released from dural mast cells upon stimulation with CGRP, while the effect of compound 48/80 on histamine release was not changed. CONCLUSIONS Galcanezumab treatment is followed by multiple changes in the release of neuropeptides and histamine in the trigeminal nocisensor complex, which may contribute to the migraine preventing effect of anti-CGRP antibodies. These changes affecting the communication between the components of the trigeminal nocisensor complex may reduce pain susceptibility in migraine patients treated with CGRP targeting monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Friedrich
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Dóm Tér 10, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Németh
- Chemical Biology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Krt. 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Martin Tanner
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Dóm Tér 10, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Judit Rosta
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Dóm Tér 10, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Dobos
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Dóm Tér 10, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Oszlács
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Dóm Tér 10, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Jancsó
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Dóm Tér 10, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Karl Messlinger
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University, 91054, Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Mária Dux
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Dóm Tér 10, 6720, Szeged, Hungary.
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Genovese F, Xu J, Tizzano M, Reisert J. Quantifying Peripheral Modulation of Olfaction by Trigeminal Agonists. J Neurosci 2023; 43:7958-7966. [PMID: 37813571 PMCID: PMC10669757 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0489-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In the mammalian nose, two chemosensory systems, the trigeminal and the olfactory mediate the detection of volatile chemicals. Most odorants are able to activate the trigeminal system, and vice versa, most trigeminal agonists activate the olfactory system as well. Although these two systems constitute two separate sensory modalities, trigeminal activation modulates the neural representation of an odor. The mechanisms behind the modulation of olfactory response by trigeminal activation are still poorly understood. We addressed this question by looking at the olfactory epithelium (OE), where olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and trigeminal sensory fibers co-localize and where the olfactory signal is generated. Our study was conducted in a mouse model. Both sexes, males and females, were included. We characterize the trigeminal activation in response to five different odorants by measuring intracellular Ca2+ changes from primary cultures of trigeminal neurons (TGNs). We also measured responses from mice lacking TRPA1 and TRPV1 channels known to mediate some trigeminal responses. Next, we tested how trigeminal activation affects the olfactory response in the olfactory epithelium using electro-olfactogram (EOG) recordings from wild-type (WT) and TRPA1/V1-knock out (KO) mice. The trigeminal modulation of the olfactory response was determined by measuring responses to the odorant, 2-phenylethanol (PEA), an odorant with little trigeminal potency after stimulation with a trigeminal agonist. Trigeminal agonists induced a decrease in the EOG response to PEA, which depended on the level of TRPA1 and TRPV1 activation induced by the trigeminal agonist. This suggests that trigeminal activation can alter odorant responses even at the earliest stage of the olfactory sensory transduction.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Most odorants reaching the olfactory epithelium (OE) can simultaneously activate olfactory and trigeminal systems. Although these two systems constitute two separate sensory modalities, trigeminal activation can alter odor perception. Here, we analyzed the trigeminal activity induced by different odorants proposing an objective quantification of their trigeminal potency independent from human perception. We show that trigeminal activation by odorants reduces the olfactory response in the olfactory epithelium and that such modulation correlates with the trigeminal potency of the trigeminal agonist. These results show that the trigeminal system impacts the olfactory response from its earliest stage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiang Xu
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Marco Tizzano
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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Fila M, Pawlowska E, Szczepanska J, Blasiak J. Epigenetic Connections of the TRPA1 Ion Channel in Pain Transmission and Neurogenic Inflammation - a Therapeutic Perspective in Migraine? Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:5578-5591. [PMID: 37326902 PMCID: PMC10471718 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03428-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Persistent reprogramming of epigenetic pattern leads to changes in gene expression observed in many neurological disorders. Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1 (TRPA1), a member of the TRP channels superfamily, is activated by many migraine triggers and expressed in trigeminal neurons and brain regions that are important in migraine pathogenesis. TRP channels change noxious stimuli into pain signals with the involvement of epigenetic regulation. The expression of the TRPA1 encoding gene, TRPA1, is modulated in pain-related syndromes by epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and effects of non-coding RNAs: micro RNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs. TRPA1 may change epigenetic profile of many pain-related genes as it may modify enzymes responsible for epigenetic modifications and expression of non-coding RNAs. TRPA1 may induce the release of calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), from trigeminal neurons and dural tissue. Therefore, epigenetic regulation of TRPA1 may play a role in efficacy and safety of anti-migraine therapies targeting TRP channels and CGRP. TRPA1 is also involved in neurogenic inflammation, important in migraine pathogenesis. The fundamental role of TRPA1 in inflammatory pain transmission may be epigenetically regulated. In conclusion, epigenetic connections of TRPA1 may play a role in efficacy and safety of anti-migraine therapy targeting TRP channels or CGRP and they should be further explored for efficient and safe antimigraine treatment. This narrative/perspective review presents information on the structure and functions of TRPA1 as well as role of its epigenetic connections in pain transmission and potential in migraine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Fila
- Department of Developmental Neurology and Epileptology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338, Lodz, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Pawlowska
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-217, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Szczepanska
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-217, Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Blasiak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, 90-236, Lodz, Poland.
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Lee S, Jang IS. Menthol excites dural afferent neurons by inhibiting leak K + conductance in rats. Neurosci Lett 2023; 813:137427. [PMID: 37549867 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Menthol-a natural organic compound-is widely used for relieving various pain conditions including migraine. However, a high dose of menthol reportedly decreases pain thresholds and enhances pain responses. Accordingly, in the present study, we addressed the effect of menthol on the excitability of acutely isolated dural afferent neurons, which were identified with a fluorescent dye, using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Under a voltage-clamped condition, menthol altered the holding current levels in a concentration-dependent manner. The menthol-induced current (IMenthol) remained unaffected by the addition of selective transient receptor potential melastatin 8 antagonists. Moreover, the reversal potential of IMenthol was similar to the equilibrium potential of K+. IMenthol was accompanied by an increase in input resistance, thereby suggesting that menthol decreases the leak K+ conductance. Under a current-clamped condition, menthol caused depolarization of the membrane potential and decreased the threshold for the generation of action potential. While the IMenthol was substantially inhibited by 10 μM XE-991, a selective KV7 blocker, the M-current mediated by KV7 was not detected in the nociceptive neurons tested in the present study. Moreover, IMenthol decreased under acidic extracellular pH conditions or in the presence of 3 μM A-1899, a selective K2P3.1 and K2P9.1 blocker. The present results suggest that menthol inhibits leak K+ channels, possibly acid-sensitive two-pore domain K+ channels, thereby increasing the excitability of nociceptive sensory neurons. The resultant increase in neuron excitability may partially be responsible for the pronociceptive effect mediated by high menthol doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungbo Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Sung Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea; Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea.
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Cohen CF, Roh J, Lee SH, Park CK, Berta T. Targeting Nociceptive Neurons and Transient Receptor Potential Channels for the Treatment of Migraine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097897. [PMID: 37175602 PMCID: PMC10177956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a neurovascular disorder that affects approximately 12% of the global population. While its exact causes are still being studied, researchers believe that nociceptive neurons in the trigeminal ganglia play a key role in the pain signals of migraine. These nociceptive neurons innervate the intracranial meninges and convey pain signals from the meninges to the thalamus. Targeting nociceptive neurons is considered promising due to their accessibility and distinct molecular profile, which includes the expression of several transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. These channels have been linked to various pain conditions, including migraine. This review discusses the role and mechanisms of nociceptive neurons in migraine, the challenges of current anti-migraine drugs, and the evidence for well-studied and emerging TRP channels, particularly TRPC4, as novel targets for migraine prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinder Faith Cohen
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Jueun Roh
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
- Department of Physiology, Gachon Pain Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Chul-Kyu Park
- Department of Physiology, Gachon Pain Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Temugin Berta
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
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Federica G, Jiang X, Marco T, Johannes R. Quantifying peripheral modulation of olfaction by trigeminal agonists. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.13.532477. [PMID: 36993353 PMCID: PMC10054987 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.13.532477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In the mammalian nose, two chemosensory systems, the trigeminal and the olfactory mediate the detection of volatile chemicals. Most odorants in fact are able to activate the trigeminal system, and vice versa, most trigeminal agonists activate the olfactory system as well. Although these two systems constitute two separate sensory modalities, trigeminal activation modulates the neural representation of an odor. The mechanisms behind the modulation of olfactory response by trigeminal activation are still poorly understood. In this study, we addressed this question by looking at the olfactory epithelium, where olfactory sensory neurons and trigeminal sensory fibers co-localize and where the olfactory signal is generated. We characterize the trigeminal activation in response to five different odorants by measuring intracellular Ca2+ changes from primary cultures of trigeminal neurons (TGNs). We also measured responses from mice lacking TRPA1 and TRPV1 channels known to mediate some trigeminal responses. Next, we tested how trigeminal activation affects the olfactory response in the olfactory epithelium using electro-olfactogram (EOG) recordings from WT and TRPA1/V1-KO mice. The trigeminal modulation of the olfactory response was determined by measuring responses to the odorant, 2-phenylethanol (PEA), an odorant with little trigeminal potency after stimulation with a trigeminal agonist. Trigeminal agonists induced a decrease in the EOG response to PEA, which depended on the level of TRPA1 and TRPV1 activation induced by the trigeminal agonist. This suggests that trigeminal activation can alter odorant responses even at the earliest stage of the olfactory sensory transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xu Jiang
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 19104 Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tizzano Marco
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 19104 Philadelphia, PA, USA
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10
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Modification of the TRP Channel TRPA1 as a Relevant Factor in Migraine-Related Intracranial Hypersensitivity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065375. [PMID: 36982450 PMCID: PMC10049246 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) has gained more attention in migraine-related research. The involvement of the TRPA1 receptor in migraine headaches is proposed by the fact that TRPA1 may be a target of some migraine-triggering factors. Although it is doubtful that activation of TRPA1 alone is sufficient to induce pain, behavioral studies have demonstrated that TRPA1 is involved in injury- and inflammation-induced hypersensitivity. Here, we review the functional relevance of TRPA1 in headaches and its therapeutic potential, mainly focusing on its role in the development of hypersensitivity, referring to its altered expression in pathological conditions, and its functional interaction with other TRP channels.
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Ali MD, Gayasuddin Qur F, Alam MS, M Alotaibi N, Mujtaba MA. Global Epidemiology, Clinical Features, Diagnosis and Current Therapeutic Novelties in Migraine Therapy and their Prevention: A Narrative Review. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:3295-3311. [PMID: 38270151 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128266227231205114320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The current article reviews the latest information on epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, recent advancements in clinical management, current therapeutic novelties, and the prevention of migraines. In a narrative review, all studies as per developed MeSH terms published until February 2023, excluding those irrelevant, were identified through a PubMed literature search. METHODS Overall, migraine affects more than a billion people annually and is one of the most common neurological illnesses. A wide range of comorbidities is associated with migraines, including stress and sleep disturbances. To lower the worldwide burden of migraine, comprehensive efforts are required to develop and enhance migraine treatment, which is supported by informed healthcare policy. Numerous migraine therapies have been successful, but not all patients benefit from them. RESULTS CGRP pathway-targeted therapy demonstrates the importance of translating mechanistic understanding into effective treatment. In this review, we discuss clinical features, diagnosis, and recently approved drugs, as well as a number of potential therapeutic targets, including pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), adenosine, opioid receptors, potassium channels, transient receptor potential ion channels (TRP), and acid-sensing ion channels (ASIC). CONCLUSION In addition to providing more treatment options for improved clinical care, a better understanding of these mechanisms facilitates the discovery of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Daud Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Abdulrazaq Bin Hammam Street, Al Safa, Dammam 34222, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fehmida Gayasuddin Qur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Princess Royal Maternity Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Md Sarfaraz Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, HIMT College of Pharmacy, Rajpura 8, Institutional Area, Knowledge Park I, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India
| | - Nawaf M Alotaibi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha Campus, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Ali Mujtaba
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha Campus, Arar, Saudi Arabia
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Cabañero D, Villalba-Riquelme E, Fernández-Ballester G, Fernández-Carvajal A, Ferrer-Montiel A. ThermoTRP channels in pain sexual dimorphism: new insights for drug intervention. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 240:108297. [PMID: 36202261 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a major burden for the society and remains more prevalent and severe in females. The presence of chronic pain is linked to persistent alterations in the peripheral and the central nervous system. One of the main types of peripheral pain transducers are the transient receptor potential channels (TRP), also known as thermoTRP channels, which intervene in the perception of hot and cold external stimuli. These channels, and especially TRPV1, TRPA1 and TRPM8, have been subjected to profound investigation because of their role as thermosensors and also because of their implication in acute and chronic pain. Surprisingly, their sensitivity to endogenous signaling has been far less studied. Cumulative evidence suggests that the function of these channels may be differently modulated in males and females, in part through sexual hormones, and this could constitute a significant contributor to the sex differences in chronic pain. Here, we review the exciting advances in thermoTRP pharmacology for males and females in two paradigmatic types of chronic pain with a strong peripheral component: chronic migraine and chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). The possibilities of peripheral druggability offered by these channels and the differential exploitation for men and women represent a development opportunity that will lead to a significant increment of the armamentarium of analgesic medicines for personalized chronic pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Cabañero
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Eva Villalba-Riquelme
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Gregorio Fernández-Ballester
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Asia Fernández-Carvajal
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Antonio Ferrer-Montiel
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain.
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Plumbly W, Patikas N, Field SF, Foskolou S, Metzakopian E. Derivation of nociceptive sensory neurons from hiPSCs with early patterning and temporally controlled NEUROG2 overexpression. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2022; 2:100341. [PMID: 36452863 PMCID: PMC9701618 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite development of protocols to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), those used to produce sensory neurons remain difficult to replicate and result in heterogenous populations. There is a growing clinical burden of chronic pain conditions, highlighting the need for relevant human cellular models. This study presents a hybrid differentiation method to produce nociceptive sensory neurons from hPSCs. Lines harboring an inducible NEUROG2 construct were patterned toward precursors with small molecules followed by NEUROG2 overexpression. Neurons expressed key markers, including BRN3A and ISL1, with single-cell RNA sequencing, revealing populations of nociceptors expressing SCN9A and TRP channels. Physiological profiling with multi-electrode arrays revealed that neurons responded to noxious stimuli, including capsaicin. Finally, we modeled pain-like states to identify genes and pathways involved in pain transduction. This study presents an optimized method to efficiently produce nociceptive sensory neurons and provides a tool to aid development of chronic pain research.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Plumbly
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Nikolaos Patikas
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Sarah F. Field
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Stefanie Foskolou
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Emmanouil Metzakopian
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
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Transient Receptor Potential Channels: Important Players in Ocular Pain and Dry Eye Disease. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091859. [PMID: 36145607 PMCID: PMC9506338 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disorder in which the eyes respond to minor stimuli with abnormal sensations, such as dryness, blurring, foreign body sensation, discomfort, irritation, and pain. Corneal pain, as one of DED’s main symptoms, has gained recognition due to its increasing prevalence, morbidity, and the resulting social burden. The cornea is the most innervated tissue in the body, and the maintenance of corneal integrity relies on a rich density of nociceptors, such as polymodal nociceptor neurons, cold thermoreceptor neurons, and mechano-nociceptor neurons. Their sensory responses to different stimulating forces are linked to the specific expression of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. TRP channels are a group of unique ion channels that play important roles as cellular sensors for various stimuli. These channels are nonselective cation channels with variable Ca2+ selectivity. TRP homologs are a superfamily of 28 different members that are subdivided into 7 different subfamilies based on differences in sequence homology. Many of these subtypes are expressed in the eye on both neuronal and non-neuronal cells, where they affect various stress-induced regulatory responses essential for normal vision maintenance. This article reviews the current knowledge about the expression, function, and regulation of TRPs in ocular surface tissues. We also describe their implication in DED and ocular pain. These findings contribute to evidence suggesting that drug-targeting TRP channels may be of therapeutic benefit in the clinical setting of ocular pain.
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Citak A, Kilinc E, Torun IE, Ankarali S, Dagistan Y, Yoldas H. The effects of certain TRP channels and voltage-gated KCNQ/Kv7 channel opener retigabine on calcitonin gene-related peptide release in the trigeminovascular system. Cephalalgia 2022; 42:1375-1386. [PMID: 35861239 DOI: 10.1177/03331024221114773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcitonin gene-related peptide release in trigeminovascular system is a pivotal component of neurogenic inflammation underlying migraine pathophysiology. Transient receptor potential channels and voltage-gated KCNQ/Kv7 potassium channels expressed throughout trigeminovascular system are important targets for modulation of calcitonin gene-related peptide release. We investigated the effects of certain transient receptor potential (TRP) channels the vanilloid 1 and 4 (TRPV1 and TRPV4), the ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), and metastatin type 8 (TRPM8), and voltage-gated potassium channel (Kv7) opener retigabine on calcitonin gene-related peptide release from peripheral (dura mater and trigeminal ganglion) and central (trigeminal nucleus caudalis) trigeminal components of rats. METHODS The experiments were carried out using well-established in-vitro preparations (hemiskull, trigeminal ganglion and trigeminal nucleus caudalis) from male Wistar rats. Agonists and antagonists of TRPV1, TRPV4, TRPA1 and TRPM8 channels, and also retigabine were tested on the in-vitro release of calcitonin gene-related peptide. Calcitonin gene-related peptide concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Agonists of these transient receptor potential channels induced calcitonin gene-related peptide release from hemiskull, trigeminal ganglion and trigeminal nucleus caudalis, respectively. The transient receptor potential channels-induced calcitonin gene-related peptide releases were blocked by their specific antagonists and reduced by retigabine. Retigabine also decreased basal calcitonin gene-related peptide releases in all preparations. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that favorable antagonists of these transient receptor potential channels, or Kv7 channel opener retigabine may be effective in migraine therapy by inhibiting neurogenic inflammation that requires calcitonin gene-related peptide release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Citak
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Erkan Kilinc
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Ethem Torun
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Seyit Ankarali
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasar Dagistan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Hamit Yoldas
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
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Distribution and possible function of galanin about headache and immune system in the rat dura mater. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5206. [PMID: 35338230 PMCID: PMC8956595 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09325-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Galanin (GAL) is a nociceptive transmitter or modulator in the trigeminal sensory system. In this study, GAL expression was investigated in the rat dura mater to demonstrate its possible function in headache using immunohistochemical techniques. The cerebral falx and cerebellar dura mater received abundant blood and nerve supply, and were significantly thicker compared to other portions in the cerebral dura mater. GAL-immunoreactivity was expressed by cell and nerve fiber profiles. Presumed macrophages and dendritic cells contained GAL-immunoreactivity, and co-expressed with CD11b-immunoreactivity. Many isolated and perivascular nerve fibers also showed GAL-immunoreactivity. In addition, GAL-immunoreactive nerve fibers were present in the vicinity of macrophages and dendritic cells with either GAL- or ED1-immunoreactivity. GAL-immunoreactive cells and nerve fibers were common in the cerebral falx and cerebellar dura mater and infrequent in other portions. And, GAL-immunoreactive nerve fibers usually co-expressed calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactivity. In the trigeminal ganglion, a substantial proportion of sensory neurons innervating the dura mater contained GAL-immunoreactivity (mean ± SD, 3.4 ± 2.2%), and co-expressed CGRP-immunoreactivity (2.7 ± 2.1%). The present study may suggest that GAL is associated with nociceptive transduction or modulation in the dura mater. GAL also possibly plays a role in the immune mechanism of the dura mater.
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Stöckl SK, de Col R, Filipovic MR, Messlinger K. Nitroxyl Delivered by Angeli's Salt Causes Short-Lasting Activation Followed by Long-Lasting Deactivation of Meningeal Afferents in Models of Headache Generation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042330. [PMID: 35216445 PMCID: PMC8878050 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of TRPA1 receptor channels in meningeal nociception underlying the generation of headaches is still unclear. Activating as well as inhibitory effects of TRPA1 agonists have been reported in animal models of headache. The aim of the present study was to clarify the effect of the TRPA1 agonist nitroxyl (HNO) delivered by Angeli's salt in two rodent models of meningeal nociception. Single fibre recordings were performed using half-skull preparations of mice (C57BL/6) in vitro. Angeli's salt solution (AS, 300 µM) caused short-lasting vigorous increases in neuronal activity of primary meningeal afferents, followed by deactivation and desensitisation. These effects were similar in TRPA1 knockout and even more pronounced in TRPA1/TRPV1 double-knockout mice in comparison to wild-type mice. The activity of spinal trigeminal neurons with afferent input from the dura mater was recorded in vivo in anesthetised rats. AS (300 µM) or the TRPA1 agonist acrolein (100 and 300 µM) was applied to the exposed dura mater. AS caused no significant changes in spontaneous activity, while the mechanically evoked activity was reduced after acrolein application. These results do not confirm the assumption that activation of trigeminal TRPA1 receptor channels triggers the generation of headaches or contributes to its aggravation. Instead, there is evidence that TRPA1 activation may have an inhibitory function in the nociceptive trigeminal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie K. Stöckl
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.K.S.); (R.d.C.)
| | - Roberto de Col
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.K.S.); (R.d.C.)
| | - Milos R. Filipovic
- Leibniz Institute for Analytical Sciences, ISAS e.V., 44227 Dortmund, Germany;
| | - Karl Messlinger
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.K.S.); (R.d.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-160-5521215
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18
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Sansores-España LD, Melgar-Rodríguez S, Olivares-Sagredo K, Cafferata EA, Martínez-Aguilar VM, Vernal R, Paula-Lima AC, Díaz-Zúñiga J. Oral-Gut-Brain Axis in Experimental Models of Periodontitis: Associating Gut Dysbiosis With Neurodegenerative Diseases. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2021; 2:781582. [PMID: 35822001 PMCID: PMC9261337 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.781582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is considered a non-communicable chronic disease caused by a dysbiotic microbiota, which generates a low-grade systemic inflammation that chronically damages the organism. Several studies have associated periodontitis with other chronic non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular or neurodegenerative diseases. Besides, the oral bacteria considered a keystone pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis, has been detected in the hippocampus and brain cortex. Likewise, gut microbiota dysbiosis triggers a low-grade systemic inflammation, which also favors the risk for both cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, the existence of an axis of Oral-Gut communication has been proposed, whose possible involvement in the development of neurodegenerative diseases has not been uncovered yet. The present review aims to compile evidence that the dysbiosis of the oral microbiota triggers changes in the gut microbiota, which creates a higher predisposition for the development of neuroinflammatory or neurodegenerative diseases.The Oral-Gut-Brain axis could be defined based on anatomical communications, where the mouth and the intestine are in constant communication. The oral-brain axis is mainly established from the trigeminal nerve and the gut-brain axis from the vagus nerve. The oral-gut communication is defined from an anatomical relation and the constant swallowing of oral bacteria. The gut-brain communication is more complex and due to bacteria-cells, immune and nervous system interactions. Thus, the gut-brain and oral-brain axis are in a bi-directional relationship. Through the qualitative analysis of the selected papers, we conclude that experimental periodontitis could produce both neurodegenerative pathologies and intestinal dysbiosis, and that periodontitis is likely to induce both conditions simultaneously. The severity of the neurodegenerative disease could depend, at least in part, on the effects of periodontitis in the gut microbiota, which could strengthen the immune response and create an injurious inflammatory and dysbiotic cycle. Thus, dementias would have their onset in dysbiotic phenomena that affect the oral cavity or the intestine. The selected studies allow us to speculate that oral-gut-brain communication exists, and bacteria probably get to the brain via trigeminal and vagus nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Daniel Sansores-España
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | | | | | - Emilio A. Cafferata
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Universidad Científica Del Sur, Lima, Perú
| | | | - Rolando Vernal
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Cristina Paula-Lima
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Díaz-Zúñiga
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Atacama, Copiapó, Chile
- *Correspondence: Jaime Díaz-Zúñiga, ,
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Nie L, Jiang L, Quinn JP, Grubb BD, Wang M. TRPA1-Mediated Src Family Kinases Activity Facilitates Cortical Spreading Depression Susceptibility and Trigeminovascular System Sensitization. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12273. [PMID: 34830154 PMCID: PMC8620265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) plays a role in migraine and is proposed as a promising target for migraine therapy. However, TRPA1-induced signaling in migraine pathogenesis is poorly understood. In this study, we explored the hypothesis that Src family kinases (SFKs) transmit TRPA1 signaling in regulating cortical spreading depression (CSD), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) release and neuroinflammation. CSD was monitored in mouse brain slices via intrinsic optical imaging, and in rats using electrophysiology. CGRP level and IL-1β gene expression in mouse trigeminal ganglia (TG) was detected using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay and Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction respectively. The results showed a SFKs activator, pYEEI (EPQY(PO3H2)EEEIPIYL), reversed the reduced cortical susceptibility to CSD by an anti-TRPA1 antibody in mouse brain slices. Additionally, the increased cytosolic phosphorylated SFKs at Y416 induced by CSD in rat ipsilateral cerebral cortices was attenuated by pretreatment of the anti-TRPA1 antibody perfused into contralateral ventricles. In mouse TG, a SFKs inhibitor, saracatinib, restored the CGRP release and IL-1β mRNA level increased by a TRPA1 activator, umbellulone. Moreover, umbellulone promoted SFKs phosphorylation, which was reduced by a PKA inhibitor, PKI (14-22) Amide. These data reveal a novel mechanism of migraine pathogenesis by which TRPA1 transmits signaling to SFKs via PKA facilitating CSD susceptibility and trigeminovascular system sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingdi Nie
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU), Suzhou 215123, China; (L.N.); (L.J.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; (J.P.Q.); (B.D.G.)
| | - Liwen Jiang
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU), Suzhou 215123, China; (L.N.); (L.J.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; (J.P.Q.); (B.D.G.)
| | - John P. Quinn
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; (J.P.Q.); (B.D.G.)
| | - Blair D. Grubb
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; (J.P.Q.); (B.D.G.)
| | - Minyan Wang
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU), Suzhou 215123, China; (L.N.); (L.J.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; (J.P.Q.); (B.D.G.)
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20
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Cavalli J, Freitas MA, Gonçalves ECD, Fadanni GP, Santos AA, Raposo NRB, Dutra RC. Chia oil prevents chemical and immune-mediated inflammatory responses in mice: Evidence for the underlying mechanisms. Food Res Int 2021; 149:110703. [PMID: 34600695 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) is an herbaceous plant used as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 PUFA) source that presents a range of beneficial effects on human health. Herein, it was used a chia oil containing over than 62% of α-linolenic acid (ALA), a compound widely related to anti-inflammatory actions. Chia oil effect was tested using paw edema and mechanical hyperalgesia induced by carrageenan, and ear edema induced by croton oil, histamine, and capsaicin. Croton oil was used in both preventive and therapeutic treatment schedules of chia oil while histamine and capsaicin were used only in preventive treatment schedule. Chia oil mechanism of action was investigated using nociception and paw edema response induced by intraplantar injection of acidified saline (ASIC activator), PGE2 (prostaglandin pathway), cinnamaldehyde (TRPA1 activator), bradykinin (BK pathway), menthol (TRPM8 activator), and capsaicin (TRPV1 activator). Further, RT-PCR for inflammatory mediators (TRPA1, NF-κB, PPAR-γ, COX-2, IL-6, TNF, FPR2, FAAH, MAGL, and IL-12A) induced by carrageenan, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and the cell viability were then accessed. Later, chia oil actions were evaluated in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a multiple sclerosis (MS) model. Chia oil showed anti-edematogenic and anti-hyperalgesic effects when administered 1 h before pro-inflammatory stimulus - particularly carrageenan and croton oil. Moreover, chia oil upregulated the mRNA levels of COX-2 and formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) while reduced IL-6 expression in the spinal cord of mice submitted to i.pl. injection of carrageenan. Interestingly, chia oil mediates antinociceptive effects in mice decreasing the nociceptive response induced by acidified saline, PGE2, and cinnamaldehyde, but not by bradykinin, menthol, and capsaicin. On the EAE model, chia oil preventively administered attenuated EAE-induced motor deficits and mechanical hyperalgesia in mice, suggesting a valuable effect of chia oil supplementation in regulating inflammatory responses and some immune functions during immune-mediated inflammatory disorders (IMID). Nonetheless, additional reports will need to assess the effect of chia oil in well-controlled clinical trials performed in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Cavalli
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88906-072 Araranguá, SC, Brazil
| | - Mariana A Freitas
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88906-072 Araranguá, SC, Brazil
| | - Elaine C D Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88906-072 Araranguá, SC, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Guilherme P Fadanni
- Center of Innovation and Preclinical Research, 88056-000 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Adara A Santos
- Center of Innovation and Preclinical Research, 88056-000 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Nádia R B Raposo
- Center for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences (NUPICS), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-330 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Rafael C Dutra
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88906-072 Araranguá, SC, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Laboratory of Neurobiology of Pain and Inflammation, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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21
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Yamamoto T, Mulpuri Y, Izraylev M, Li Q, Simonian M, Kramme C, Schmidt BL, Seltzman HH, Spigelman I. Selective targeting of peripheral cannabinoid receptors prevents behavioral symptoms and sensitization of trigeminal neurons in mouse models of migraine and medication overuse headache. Pain 2021; 162:2246-2262. [PMID: 33534356 PMCID: PMC8277668 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Migraine affects ∼15% of the world's population greatly diminishing their quality of life. Current preventative treatments are effective in only a subset of migraine patients, and although cannabinoids seem beneficial in alleviating migraine symptoms, central nervous system side effects limit their widespread use. We developed peripherally restricted cannabinoids (PRCBs) that relieve chronic pain symptoms of cancer and neuropathies, without appreciable central nervous system side effects or tolerance development. Here, we determined PRCB effectiveness in alleviating hypersensitivity symptoms in mouse models of migraine and medication overuse headache. Long-term glyceryl trinitrate (GTN, 10 mg/kg) administration led to increased sensitivity to mechanical stimuli and increased expression of phosphorylated protein kinase A, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 proteins in trigeminal ganglia. Peripherally restricted cannabinoid pretreatment, but not posttreatment, prevented behavioral and biochemical correlates of GTN-induced sensitization. Low pH-activated and allyl isothiocyanate-activated currents in acutely isolated trigeminal neurons were reversibly attenuated by PRCB application. Long-term GTN treatment significantly enhanced these currents. Long-term sumatriptan treatment also led to the development of allodynia to mechanical and cold stimuli that was slowly reversible after sumatriptan discontinuation. Subsequent challenge with a previously ineffective low-dose GTN (0.1-0.3 mg/kg) revealed latent behavioral sensitization and increased expression of phosphorylated protein kinase A, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 proteins in trigeminal ganglia. Peripherally restricted cannabinoid pretreatment prevented all behavioral and biochemical correlates of allodynia and latent sensitization. Importantly, long-term PRCB treatment alone did not produce any behavioral or biochemical signs of sensitization. These data validate peripheral cannabinoid receptors as potential therapeutic targets in migraine and medication overuse headache.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Yamamoto
- Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yatendra Mulpuri
- Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mikhail Izraylev
- Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Qianyi Li
- Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Menooa Simonian
- Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Christian Kramme
- Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Brian L. Schmidt
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY
| | - Herbert H. Seltzman
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Igor Spigelman
- Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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22
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Thammanichanon P, Kaewpitak A, Binlateh T, Pavasant P, Leethanakul C. Varied temporal expression patterns of trigeminal TRPA1 and TRPV1 and the neuropeptide CGRP during orthodontic force-induced pain. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 128:105170. [PMID: 34082374 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to quantify the temporal changes in inflammation and TRPA1, TRPV1 and CGRP expression in the trigeminal ganglion during force-induced orthodontic pain. DESIGN Orthodontic force was applied to both maxillary first molars in 8-week-old Wistar rats for 12 h, 24 h, 3 d or 7 d. The rat grimace scale (RGS) score and duration of face grooming were used to measure orthodontic pain. Western blotting was performed to assess TRPA1, TRPV1 and CGRP expression in trigeminal ganglia. NF-кB levels and colocalization of TRPA1, TRPV1 and CGRP were evaluated by immunofluorescent staining. RESULTS Application of continuous force significantly increased pain behaviours at 1 and 3 d. NF-кB significantly increased in periodontal ligament at 12 h until 3 d. TRPV1 was significantly elevated within 1 d; TRPA1 significantly increased from 1-3 d; CGRP expression significantly increased from 12 h to 3 d. The TRPV1/TRPA1 expression ratio was highest at 12 h; the TRPA1/TRPV1 ratio peaked at 3 d. The percentages of trigeminal neurons co-expressing TRPA1/TRPV1, TRPA1/CGRP, and TRPV1/CGRP significantly increased by 12 h and peaked at 24 h. CGRP expression had a stronger positive correlation with TRPV1 than TRPA1. CONCLUSIONS Inflammation induced by application of orthodontic force sensitizes trigeminal TRPV1 and TRPA1; TRPV1 is primarily activated as an early response, whereas TRPA1 is activated as a late response. Activation of both nociceptors results in CGRP release. Thus, blocking both TRPV1 and TRPA1 may represent a primary therapeutic target for relief of orthodontic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peungchaleoy Thammanichanon
- Section of Orthodontics, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Aunwaya Kaewpitak
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Thunwa Binlateh
- Institute of Research and Development, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhonratchasima, Thailand
| | - Prasit Pavasant
- Excellence Center in Regenerative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chidchanok Leethanakul
- Section of Orthodontics, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.
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Feldman-Goriachnik R, Hanani M. How do neurons in sensory ganglia communicate with satellite glial cells? Brain Res 2021; 1760:147384. [PMID: 33631206 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurons and satellite glial cells (SGCs) in sensory ganglia maintain bidirectional communications that are believed to be largely mediated by chemical messengers. Nerve injury leads to SGC activation, which was proposed to be mediated by nitric oxide (NO) released from active neurons, but evidence for this is lacking. Here we tested the idea that increased neuronal firing is a major factor in NO release. We activated neurons in isolated dorsal root and trigeminal ganglia from mice with capsaicin (5 µM), which acts on transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) channels in small neurons. We found that capsaicin induced SGC activation, as assayed by glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) upregulation, and an NO-donor had a similar effect. Incubating the ganglia in capsaicin in the presence of the NO-synthase inhibitor L-NAME (100 µM) prevented the GFAP upregulation. We also found that capsaicin caused an increase in SGC-SGC coupling, which was shown previously to accompany SGC activation. To test the contribution of ATP to the actions of capsaicin, we incubated the ganglia with capsaicin in the presence of P2 purinergic receptor inhibitor suramin (100 µM), which prevented the capsaicin-induced GFAP upregulation. Size analysis indicated that although capsaicin acts mainly on small neurons, SGCs around neurons of all sizes were affected by capsaicin, suggesting a spread of signals from small neurons to neighboring cells. We conclude that neuronal excitation leads to NO release, which induces SGCs activation. It appears that ATP participates in NO's action, possibly by interaction with TRPV1 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Feldman-Goriachnik
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem 91240, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Menachem Hanani
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem 91240, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
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24
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Shibata M, Tang C. Implications of Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channels in Migraine Pathophysiology. Neurosci Bull 2021; 37:103-116. [PMID: 32870468 PMCID: PMC7811976 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00569-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a common and debilitating headache disorder. Although its pathogenesis remains elusive, abnormal trigeminal and central nervous system activity is likely to play an important role. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, which transduce noxious stimuli into pain signals, are expressed in trigeminal ganglion neurons and brain regions closely associated with the pathophysiology of migraine. In the trigeminal ganglion, TRP channels co-localize with calcitonin gene-related peptide, a neuropeptide crucially implicated in migraine pathophysiology. Many preclinical and clinical data support the roles of TRP channels in migraine. In particular, activation of TRP cation channel V1 has been shown to regulate calcitonin gene-related peptide release from trigeminal nerves. Intriguingly, several effective anti-migraine therapies, including botulinum neurotoxin type A, affect the functions of TRP cation channels. Here, we discuss currently available data regarding the roles of major TRP cation channels in the pathophysiology of migraine and the therapeutic applicability thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Shibata
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, Chiba, 272-8513, Japan.
| | - Chunhua Tang
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
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25
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Fakih D, Baudouin C, Réaux-Le Goazigo A, Mélik Parsadaniantz S. TRPM8: A Therapeutic Target for Neuroinflammatory Symptoms Induced by Severe Dry Eye Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8756. [PMID: 33228217 PMCID: PMC7699525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is commonly associated with ocular surface inflammation and pain. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of repeated instillations of transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) ion channel antagonist M8-B on a mouse model of severe DED induced by the excision of extra-orbital lacrimal and Harderian glands. M8-B was topically administered twice a day from day 7 until day 21 after surgery. Cold and mechanical corneal sensitivities and spontaneous ocular pain were monitored at day 21. Ongoing and cold-evoked ciliary nerve activities were next evaluated by electrophysiological multi-unit extracellular recording. Corneal inflammation and expression of genes related to neuropathic pain and inflammation were assessed in the trigeminal ganglion. We found that DED mice developed a cold allodynia consistent with higher TRPM8 mRNA expression in the trigeminal ganglion (TG). Chronic M8-B instillations markedly reversed both the corneal mechanical allodynia and spontaneous ocular pain commonly associated with persistent DED. M8-B instillations also diminished the sustained spontaneous and cold-evoked ciliary nerve activities observed in DED mice as well as inflammation in the cornea and TG. Overall, our study provides new insight into the effectiveness of TRPM8 blockade for alleviating corneal pain syndrome associated with severe DED, opening a new avenue for ocular pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darine Fakih
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012 Paris, France; (D.F.); (C.B.); (A.R.-L.G.)
- R&D Department, Laboratoires Théa, 12 rue Louis Biérot, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christophe Baudouin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012 Paris, France; (D.F.); (C.B.); (A.R.-L.G.)
- CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012 Paris, France
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, AP-HP, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 9 avenue Charles de Gaulle, F-92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Annabelle Réaux-Le Goazigo
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012 Paris, France; (D.F.); (C.B.); (A.R.-L.G.)
| | - Stéphane Mélik Parsadaniantz
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012 Paris, France; (D.F.); (C.B.); (A.R.-L.G.)
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Oh EH, Shin JH, Cho JW, Choi SY, Choi KD, Choi JH. TRPM7 as a Candidate Gene for Vestibular Migraine. Front Neurol 2020; 11:595042. [PMID: 33193064 PMCID: PMC7649787 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.595042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Vestibular migraine (VM) is a common vestibular disorder, and familial aggregation of VM with autosomal-dominant inheritance has been described, which supports a genetic background. This study aimed to describe the clinical phenotype of a family with VM, and identify a candidate gene for VM. Methods: We recruited six individuals (four affected and two unaffected) from three consecutive generations of a Korean family with VM, and performed whole-exome sequencing to search for candidate genes. Results: All affected individuals presented with recurrent vertigo, headache, and nausea/vomiting that fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of VM. Two individuals also experienced transient hemiparesis or dysarthria during the episodes. The symptoms were triggered by physical or emotional stress. Interictal examinations showed uni- or bi-directional horizontal gaze-evoked nystagmus in three of the individuals. They had no causative mutations in genes causing familial hemiplegic migraine or episodic ataxia. Through whole-exome sequencing from three affected individuals, we identified a nonsense mutation c.3526C>T in TRPM7 that encodes a cation channel selective to Ca2+ and Mg2+. Conclusions: Alterations in intracellular Ca2+ and Mg2+ homeostasis by TRPM7 mutation may contribute to the development of the VM phenotype. Our result suggest that TRPM7 is a novel candidate gene for VM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hye Oh
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hong Shin
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Jae Wook Cho
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Seo-Young Choi
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Busan, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Dong Choi
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Choi
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
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27
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Aroke EN, Powell-Roach KL, Jaime-Lara RB, Tesfaye M, Roy A, Jackson P, Joseph PV. Taste the Pain: The Role of TRP Channels in Pain and Taste Perception. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5929. [PMID: 32824721 PMCID: PMC7460556 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are a superfamily of cation transmembrane proteins that are expressed in many tissues and respond to many sensory stimuli. TRP channels play a role in sensory signaling for taste, thermosensation, mechanosensation, and nociception. Activation of TRP channels (e.g., TRPM5) in taste receptors by food/chemicals (e.g., capsaicin) is essential in the acquisition of nutrients, which fuel metabolism, growth, and development. Pain signals from these nociceptors are essential for harm avoidance. Dysfunctional TRP channels have been associated with neuropathic pain, inflammation, and reduced ability to detect taste stimuli. Humans have long recognized the relationship between taste and pain. However, the mechanisms and relationship among these taste-pain sensorial experiences are not fully understood. This article provides a narrative review of literature examining the role of TRP channels on taste and pain perception. Genomic variability in the TRPV1 gene has been associated with alterations in various pain conditions. Moreover, polymorphisms of the TRPV1 gene have been associated with alterations in salty taste sensitivity and salt preference. Studies of genetic variations in TRP genes or modulation of TRP pathways may increase our understanding of the shared biological mediators of pain and taste, leading to therapeutic interventions to treat many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin N. Aroke
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (E.N.A.); (P.J.)
| | | | - Rosario B. Jaime-Lara
- Sensory Science and Metabolism Unit (SenSMet), National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (R.B.J.-L.); (M.T.); (A.R.)
| | - Markos Tesfaye
- Sensory Science and Metabolism Unit (SenSMet), National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (R.B.J.-L.); (M.T.); (A.R.)
| | - Abhrabrup Roy
- Sensory Science and Metabolism Unit (SenSMet), National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (R.B.J.-L.); (M.T.); (A.R.)
| | - Pamela Jackson
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (E.N.A.); (P.J.)
| | - Paule V. Joseph
- Sensory Science and Metabolism Unit (SenSMet), National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (R.B.J.-L.); (M.T.); (A.R.)
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28
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Schecterson LC, Pazevic AA, Yang R, Matulef K, Gordon SE. TRPV1, TRPA1, and TRPM8 are expressed in axon terminals in the cornea: TRPV1 axons contain CGRP and secretogranin II; TRPA1 axons contain secretogranin 3. Mol Vis 2020; 26:576-587. [PMID: 32863706 PMCID: PMC7438417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The cornea is highly enriched in sensory neurons expressing the thermal TRP channels TRPV1, TRPA1, and TRPM8, and is an accessible tissue for study and experimental manipulation. The aim of this work was to provide a concise characterization of the expression patterns of various TRP channels and vesicular proteins in the mammalian cornea. Methods Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed using wholemount and cryostat tissue preparations of mouse and monkey corneas. The expression patterns of TRPV1 and TRPA1 were determined using specific antisera, and further colocalization was performed with antibodies directed against calcitonin-related gene protein (CGRP), neurofilament protein NF200, and the secretogranins ScgII and SCG3. The expression of TRPM8 was determined using corneas from mice expressing EGFP under the direction of a TRPM8 promoter (TRPM8EGFP mice). Laser scanning confocal microscopy and image analysis were performed. Results In the mouse cornea, TRPV1 and TRPM8 were expressed in distinct populations of small diameter C fibers extending to the corneal surface and ending either as simple or ramifying terminals, or in the case of TRPM8, as complex terminals. TRPA1 was expressed in large-diameter NF200-positive Aδ axons. TRPV1 and TRPA1 appeared to localize to separate intracellular vesicular structures and were primarily found in axons containing components of large dense vesicles with TRPV1 colocalizing with CGRP and ScgII, and TRPA1 colocalizing with SCG3. Monkey corneas showed similar colocalization of CGRP and TRPV1 on small-diameter axons extending to the epithelial surface. Conclusions The mouse cornea is abundant in sensory neurons expressing TRPV1, TRPM8, and TRPA1, and provides an accessible tissue source for implementing a live tissue preparation useful for further exploration of the molecular mechanisms of hyperalgesia. This study showed that surprisingly, these TRP channels localize to separate neurons in the mouse cornea and likely have unique physiological functions. The similar TRPV1 expression pattern we observed in the mouse and monkey corneas suggests that mice provide a reasonable initial model for understanding the role of these ion channels in higher mammalian corneal physiology.
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29
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Schecterson LC, Pazevic AA, Yang R, Matulef K, Gordon SE. TRPV1, TRPA1, and TRPM8 are expressed in axon terminals in the cornea: TRPV1 axons contain CGRP and secretogranin II; TRPA1 axons contain secretogranin 3. Mol Vis 2020; 26:392-404. [PMID: 38860239 PMCID: PMC11163611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The cornea is highly enriched in sensory neurons expressing the thermal TRP channels TRPV1, TRPA1, and TRPM8, and is an accessible tissue for study and experimental manipulation. The aim of this work was to provide a concise characterization of the expression patterns of various TRP channels and vesicular proteins in the mammalian cornea. Methods Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed using wholemount and cryostat tissue preparations of mouse and monkey corneas. The expression patterns of TRPV1 and TRPA1 were determined using specific antisera, and further colocalization was performed with antibodies directed against calcitonin-related gene protein (CGRP), neurofilament protein NF200, and the secretogranins ScgII and SCG3. The expression of TRPM8 was determined using corneas from mice expressing EGFP under the direction of a TRPM8 promoter (TRPM8EGFP mice). Laser scanning confocal microscopy and image analysis were performed. Results In the mouse cornea, TRPV1 and TRPM8 were expressed in distinct populations of small diameter C fibers extending to the corneal surface and ending either as simple or ramifying terminals, or in the case of TRPM8, as complex terminals. TRPA1 was expressed in large-diameter NF200-positive Aδ axons. TRPV1 and TRPA1 appeared to localize to separate intracellular vesicular structures and were primarily found in axons containing components of large dense vesicles with TRPV1 colocalizing with CGRP and ScgII, and TRPA1 colocalizing with SCG3. Monkey corneas showed similar colocalization of CGRP and TRPV1 on small-diameter axons extending to the epithelial surface. Conclusions The mouse cornea is abundant in sensory neurons expressing TRPV1, TRPM8, and TRPA1, and provides an accessible tissue source for implementing a live tissue preparation useful for further exploration of the molecular mechanisms of hyperalgesia. This study showed that surprisingly, these TRP channels localize to separate neurons in the mouse cornea and likely have unique physiological functions. The similar TRPV1 expression pattern we observed in the mouse and monkey corneas suggests that mice provide a reasonable initial model for understanding the role of these ion channels in higher mammalian corneal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslayann C Schecterson
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Alexander A Pazevic
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Ruian Yang
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Kimberly Matulef
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Sharona E Gordon
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
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30
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Hansted AK, Jensen LJ, Olesen J, Jansen-Olesen I. Localization of TRPA1 channels and characterization of TRPA1 mediated responses in dural and pial arteries in vivo after intracarotid infusion of Na 2S. Cephalalgia 2020; 40:1310-1320. [PMID: 32611244 DOI: 10.1177/0333102420937724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel might play a role in migraine. However, different mechanisms for this have been suggested. The purpose of our study was to investigate the localization and significance of TRPA1 channels in rat pial and dural arteries. METHODS Immunofluorescence microscopy was used to localize TRPA1 channels in dural arteries, pial arteries, dura mater and trigeminal ganglion. The genuine closed cranial window model was used to examine the effect of Na2S, a donor of the TRPA1 channel opener H2S, on the diameter of pial and dural arteries. Further, we performed blocking experiments with TRPA1 antagonist HC-030031, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist olcegepant and KCa3.1 channel blocker TRAM-34. RESULTS TRPA1 channels were localized to the endothelium of both dural and pial arteries and in nerve fibers in dura mater. Further, we found TRPA1 expression in the membrane of trigeminal ganglia neuronal cells, some of them also staining for CGRP. Na2S caused dilation of both dural and pial arteries. In dural arteries, this was inhibited by HC-030031 and olcegepant. In pial arteries, the dilation was inhibited by TRAM-34, suggesting involvement of the KCa3.1 channel. CONCLUSION Na2S causes a TRPA1- and CGRP-dependent dilation of dural arteries and a KCa3.1 channel-dependent dilation of pial arteries in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Koldbro Hansted
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark.,Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lars Jørn Jensen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jes Olesen
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Inger Jansen-Olesen
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
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31
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Female-Specific Effects of CGRP Suggest Limited Efficacy of New Migraine Treatments in Males. J Neurosci 2020; 39:9062-9064. [PMID: 31723033 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1254-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Kaewpitak A, Bauer CS, Seward EP, Boissonade FM, Douglas CWI. Porphyromonas gingivalis
lipopolysaccharide rapidly activates trigeminal sensory neurons and may contribute to pulpal pain. Int Endod J 2020; 53:846-858. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.13282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Kaewpitak
- School of Clinical Dentistry University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | - C. S. Bauer
- Department of Biomedical Science University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | - E. P. Seward
- Department of Biomedical Science University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | - F. M. Boissonade
- School of Clinical Dentistry University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | - C. W. I. Douglas
- School of Clinical Dentistry University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
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33
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Dux M, Rosta J, Messlinger K. TRP Channels in the Focus of Trigeminal Nociceptor Sensitization Contributing to Primary Headaches. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21010342. [PMID: 31948011 PMCID: PMC6981722 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain in trigeminal areas is driven by nociceptive trigeminal afferents. Transduction molecules, among them the nonspecific cation channels transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), which are activated by endogenous and exogenous ligands, are expressed by a significant population of trigeminal nociceptors innervating meningeal tissues. Many of these nociceptors also contain vasoactive neuropeptides such as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P. Release of neuropeptides and other functional properties are frequently examined using the cell bodies of trigeminal neurons as models of their sensory endings. Pathophysiological conditions cause phosphorylation, increased expression and trafficking of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, neuropeptides and other mediators, which accelerate activation of nociceptive pathways. Since nociceptor activation may be a significant pathophysiological mechanism involved in both peripheral and central sensitization of the trigeminal nociceptive pathway, its contribution to the pathophysiology of primary headaches is more than likely. Metabolic disorders and medication-induced painful states are frequently associated with TRP receptor activation and may increase the risk for primary headaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Dux
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-62-545-374; Fax: +36-62-545-842
| | - Judit Rosta
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Karl Messlinger
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstr. 17, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany;
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34
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Talavera K, Startek JB, Alvarez-Collazo J, Boonen B, Alpizar YA, Sanchez A, Naert R, Nilius B. Mammalian Transient Receptor Potential TRPA1 Channels: From Structure to Disease. Physiol Rev 2019; 100:725-803. [PMID: 31670612 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00005.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential ankyrin (TRPA) channels are Ca2+-permeable nonselective cation channels remarkably conserved through the animal kingdom. Mammals have only one member, TRPA1, which is widely expressed in sensory neurons and in non-neuronal cells (such as epithelial cells and hair cells). TRPA1 owes its name to the presence of 14 ankyrin repeats located in the NH2 terminus of the channel, an unusual structural feature that may be relevant to its interactions with intracellular components. TRPA1 is primarily involved in the detection of an extremely wide variety of exogenous stimuli that may produce cellular damage. This includes a plethora of electrophilic compounds that interact with nucleophilic amino acid residues in the channel and many other chemically unrelated compounds whose only common feature seems to be their ability to partition in the plasma membrane. TRPA1 has been reported to be activated by cold, heat, and mechanical stimuli, and its function is modulated by multiple factors, including Ca2+, trace metals, pH, and reactive oxygen, nitrogen, and carbonyl species. TRPA1 is involved in acute and chronic pain as well as inflammation, plays key roles in the pathophysiology of nearly all organ systems, and is an attractive target for the treatment of related diseases. Here we review the current knowledge about the mammalian TRPA1 channel, linking its unique structure, widely tuned sensory properties, and complex regulation to its roles in multiple pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Talavera
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Justyna B Startek
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Julio Alvarez-Collazo
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brett Boonen
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yeranddy A Alpizar
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alicia Sanchez
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robbe Naert
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bernd Nilius
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
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Wang S, Kim M, Ali Z, Ong K, Pae EK, Chung MK. TRPV1 and TRPV1-Expressing Nociceptors Mediate Orofacial Pain Behaviors in a Mouse Model of Orthodontic Tooth Movement. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1207. [PMID: 31620023 PMCID: PMC6763553 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic force produces mechanical irritation and inflammation in the periodontium, which is inevitably accompanied by pain. Despite its prevalence, treatment of orthodontic pain is ineffective. Elucidating underlying neural mechanisms is critical to improving the management of orthodontic pain. We have assessed the contribution of transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) and the TRPV1-expressing subset of nociceptive afferents to pain behaviors induced by orthodontic force in mice. Microfocus X-ray computed tomography analysis showed that application of an orthodontic force of 10 g to the maxillary first molar produced reliable tooth movement in mice. Mouse grimace scale (MGS) was evaluated as an indication of non-evoked spontaneous pain and bite force (BF) was measured for assessing bite-evoked nocifensive behaviors. Orthodontic force increased MGS and decreased BF, both of which were interpreted as increased levels of pain. These behaviors peaked at 1d and returned near to the sham level at 7d. Retrograde labeling and immunohistochemical assays showed TRPV1-expressing peptidergic afferents are abundantly projected to the periodontium. Direct injection of resiniferatoxin into trigeminal ganglia (TG) decreased TRPV1-expressing afferents by half in the targeted region of TG. The chemical ablation of TRPV1-expressing afferents significantly attenuated orthodontic pain behaviors assessed by MGS and BF. Consistently, the knockout of TRPV1 also attenuated orthodontic force-induced changes in MGS and BF. These results suggest that TRPV1 and TRPV1-expressing trigeminal nociceptors constitute a primary pathway mediating orthodontic pain behaviors in mice. This model will be useful for mechanistic studies on orthodontic pain aimed at developing novel approaches for painless orthodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- Program in Neuroscience, Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Martin Kim
- Program in Neuroscience, Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Zayd Ali
- Program in Neuroscience, Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Katherine Ong
- Program in Neuroscience, Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Eung-Kwon Pae
- Department of Orthodontic and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Man-Kyo Chung
- Program in Neuroscience, Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
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TRESK K + Channel Activity Regulates Trigeminal Nociception and Headache. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0236-19.2019. [PMID: 31308053 PMCID: PMC6664143 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0236-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although TWIK-related spinal cord K+ (TRESK) channel is expressed in all primary afferent neurons in trigeminal ganglia (TG) and dorsal root ganglia (DRG), whether TRESK activity regulates trigeminal pain processing is still not established. Dominant-negative TRESK mutations are associated with migraine but not with other types of pain in humans, suggesting that genetic TRESK dysfunction preferentially affects the generation of trigeminal pain, especially headache. Using TRESK global knock-out mice as a model system, we found that loss of TRESK in all TG neurons selectively increased the intrinsic excitability of small-diameter nociceptors, especially those that do not bind to isolectin B4 (IB4-). Similarly, loss of TRESK resulted in hyper-excitation of the small IB4- dural afferent neurons but not those that bind to IB4 (IB4+). Compared with wild-type littermates, both male and female TRESK knock-out mice exhibited more robust trigeminal nociceptive behaviors, including headache-related behaviors, whereas their body and visceral pain responses were normal. Interestingly, neither the total persistent outward current nor the intrinsic excitability was altered in adult TRESK knock-out DRG neurons, which may explain why genetic TRESK dysfunction is not associated with body and/or visceral pain in humans. We reveal for the first time that, among all primary afferent neurons, TG nociceptors are the most vulnerable to the genetic loss of TRESK. Our findings indicate that endogenous TRESK activity regulates trigeminal nociception, likely through controlling the intrinsic excitability of TG nociceptors. Importantly, we provide evidence that genetic loss of TRESK significantly increases the likelihood of developing headache.
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Takayama Y, Derouiche S, Maruyama K, Tominaga M. Emerging Perspectives on Pain Management by Modulation of TRP Channels and ANO1. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3411. [PMID: 31336748 PMCID: PMC6678529 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor-type ion channels are critical for detection of noxious stimuli in primary sensory neurons. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels mediate pain sensations and promote a variety of neuronal signals that elicit secondary neural functions (such as calcitonin gene-related peptide [CGRP] secretion), which are important for physiological functions throughout the body. In this review, we focus on the involvement of TRP channels in sensing acute pain, inflammatory pain, headache, migraine, pain due to fungal infections, and osteo-inflammation. Furthermore, action potentials mediated via interactions between TRP channels and the chloride channel, anoctamin 1 (ANO1), can also generate strong pain sensations in primary sensory neurons. Thus, we also discuss mechanisms that enhance neuronal excitation and are dependent on ANO1, and consider modulation of pain sensation from the perspective of both cation and anion dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Takayama
- Department of Physiology, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Sandra Derouiche
- Thermal Biology group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes for Natural Sciences, 5-1 Aza-higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.
| | - Kenta Maruyama
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes for Natural Sciences, 5-1 Aza-higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.
| | - Makoto Tominaga
- Thermal Biology group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes for Natural Sciences, 5-1 Aza-higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.
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Abstract
Background: Migraine therapy with sumatriptan may cause adverse side effects like pain at the injection site, muscle pain, and transient aggravation of headaches. In animal experiments, sumatriptan excited or sensitized slowly conducting meningeal afferents. We hypothesized that sumatriptan may activate transduction channels of the “irritant receptor,” the transient receptor potential ankyrin type (TRPA1) expressed in nociceptive neurons. Methods: Calcium microfluorometry was performed in HEK293t cells transfected with human TRPA1 (hTRPA1) or a mutated channel (TRPA1-3C) and in dissociated trigeminal ganglion neurons. Membrane currents were recorded in the whole-cell patch clamp configuration. Results: Sumatriptan (10 and 400 µM) evoked calcium transients in hTRPA1-expressing HEK293t cells also activated by the TRPA1 agonist carvacrol (100 µM). In TRPA1-3C-expressing HEK293t cells, sumatriptan had hardly any effect. In rat trigeminal ganglion neurons, sumatriptan, carvacrol, and the transient receptor potential vanillod type 1 agonist capsaicin (1 µM) generated robust calcium signals. All sumatriptan-sensitive neurons (8% of the sample) were also activated by carvacrol (14%) and capsaicin (48%). In HEK293-hTRPA1 cells, sumatriptan (100 µM) evoked outwardly rectifying currents, which were almost completely inhibited by the TRPA1 antagonist HC-030031 (10 µM). Conclusion: Sumatriptan activates TRPA1 channels inducing calcium inflow and membrane currents. TRPA1-dependent activation of primary afferents may explain the painful side effects of sumatriptan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Babes
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biophysics, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Neacsu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biophysics, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Michael JM Fischer
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karl Messlinger
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Effect of TRPA1 activator allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) on rat dural and pial arteries. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 71:565-572. [PMID: 31132686 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channels may have a role in migraine as some substances known to cause headache activate the channel. In the craniovascular system such activation causes a calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-dependent increase in meningeal blood flow. TRPA1 channels in the endothelium of cerebral arteries cause vasodilation when activated. The headache preventive substance feverfew inhibits activation of TRPA1 channels. In this study we aim to compare and characterize the effect of the TRPA1 agonist allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) on the diameter of rat dural and pial arteries in vivo. METHODS The genuine closed-cranial window technique in rats was used to examine changes in dural and pial artery diameter and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) after intracarotid infusion of AITC. Blockade experiments were performed by intravenous infusion of olcegepant, HC-030031, sumatriptan or capsazepine immediately after infusion of AITC, in four different groups of rats. RESULTS AITC caused a significant dilation of dural arteries, which was inhibited by HC-030031, olcegepant and sumatriptan, but not by capsazepine. In pial arteries AITC caused a significant dilation, which was not inhibited by any of the pre-treatments, suggesting a poor penetration of the blood-brain barrier or autoregulation due to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) mediated decrease in MABP during HC-030031 infusion. AITC did not cause a significant change in MABP. CONCLUSION AITC causes dilation of dural arteries via a mechanism dependent on CGRP and TRPA1 that is sensitive to sumatriptan. AITC causes a small but significant dilation of pial arteries.
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Zhang L, Kunkler PE, Knopp KL, Oxford GS, Hurley JH. Role of intraganglionic transmission in the trigeminovascular pathway. Mol Pain 2019; 15:1744806919836570. [PMID: 30784351 PMCID: PMC6440047 DOI: 10.1177/1744806919836570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Migraine is triggered by poor air quality and odors through unknown mechanisms. Activation of the trigeminovascular pathway by environmental irritants may occur via activation of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) receptors on nasal trigeminal neurons, but how that results in peripheral and central sensitization is unclear. The anatomy of the trigeminal ganglion suggests that noxious nasal stimuli are not being transduced to the meninges by axon reflex but likely through intraganglionic transmission. Consistent with this concept, we injected calcitonin gene-related peptide, adenosine triphosphate, or glutamate receptor antagonists or a gap junction channel blocker directly and exclusively into the trigeminal ganglion and blocked meningeal blood flow changes in response to acute nasal TRP agonists. Previously, we observed chronic sensitization of the trigeminovascular pathway after acrolein exposure, a known TRPA1 receptor agonist. To explore the mechanism of this sensitization, we utilized laser dissection microscopy to separately harvest nasal and meningeal trigeminal neuron populations in the absence or presence of acrolein exposure. mRNA levels of neurotransmitters important in migraine were then determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. TRPA1 message levels were significantly increased in meningeal cell populations following acrolein exposure compared to room air exposure. This was specific to TRPA1 message in meningeal cell populations as changes were not observed in either nasal trigeminal cell populations or dorsal root ganglion populations. Taken together, these data suggest an important role for intraganglionic transmission in acute activation of the trigeminovascular pathway. It also supports a role for upregulation of TRPA1 receptors in peripheral sensitization and a possible mechanism for chronification of migraine after environmental irritant exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- LuJuan Zhang
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Phillip Edward Kunkler
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kelly L Knopp
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Gerry Stephen Oxford
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Joyce Harts Hurley
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Demartini C, Greco R, Zanaboni AM, Francesconi O, Nativi C, Tassorelli C, Deseure K. Antagonism of Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin Type-1 Channels as a Potential Target for the Treatment of Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain: Study in an Animal Model. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113320. [PMID: 30366396 PMCID: PMC6274796 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential ankyrin type-1 (TRPA1) channels are known to actively participate in different pain conditions, including trigeminal neuropathic pain, whose clinical treatment is still unsatisfactory. The aim of this study was to evaluate the involvement of TRPA1 channels by means of the antagonist ADM_12 in trigeminal neuropathic pain, in order to identify possible therapeutic targets. A single treatment of ADM_12 in rats 4 weeks after the chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve (IoN-CCI) significantly reduced the mechanical allodynia induced in the IoN-CCI rats. Additionally, ADM_12 was able to abolish the increased levels of TRPA1, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), and cytokines gene expression in trigeminal ganglia, cervical spinal cord, and medulla induced in the IoN-CCI rats. By contrast, no significant differences between groups were seen as regards CGRP and SP protein expression in the pars caudalis of the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. ADM_12 also reduced TRP vanilloid type-1 (TRPV1) gene expression in the same areas after IoN-CCI. Our findings show the involvement of both TRPA1 and TRPV1 channels in trigeminal neuropathic pain, and in particular, in trigeminal mechanical allodynia. Furthermore, they provide grounds for the use of ADM_12 in the treatment of trigeminal neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Demartini
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Integrative Autonomic Systems, Headache Science Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Rosaria Greco
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Integrative Autonomic Systems, Headache Science Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Zanaboni
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Integrative Autonomic Systems, Headache Science Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, via Bassi 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Oscar Francesconi
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
| | - Cristina Nativi
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
| | - Cristina Tassorelli
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Integrative Autonomic Systems, Headache Science Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, via Bassi 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Kristof Deseure
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
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Artero-Morales M, González-Rodríguez S, Ferrer-Montiel A. TRP Channels as Potential Targets for Sex-Related Differences in Migraine Pain. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 5:73. [PMID: 30155469 PMCID: PMC6102492 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is one of the most debilitating human diseases and represents a social and economic burden for our society. Great efforts are being made to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of pain transduction. It is particularly noteworthy that some types of chronic pain, such as migraine, display a remarkable sex dimorphism, being up to three times more prevalent in women than in men. This gender prevalence in migraine appears to be related to sex differences arising from both gonadal and genetic factors. Indeed, the functionality of the somatosensory, immune, and endothelial systems seems modulated by sex hormones, as well as by X-linked genes differentially expressed during development. Here, we review the current data on the modulation of the somatosensory system functionality by gonadal hormones. Although this is still an area that requires intense investigation, there is evidence suggesting a direct regulation of nociceptor activity by sex hormones at the transcriptional, translational, and functional levels. Data are being accumulated on the effect of sex hormones on TRP channels such as TRPV1 that make pivotal contributions to nociceptor excitability and sensitization in migraine and other chronic pain syndromes. These data suggest that modulation of TRP channels' expression and/or activity by gonadal hormones provide novel pathways for drug intervention that may be useful for targeting the sex dimorphism observed in migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Artero-Morales
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universitas Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
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Liu H, Zhu X, Ling Y, He X, Pei L, Zhang Z, Yang F, Xu F. Anatomic Evidence for Information Exchange between Primary Afferent Sensory Neurons Innervating the Anterior Eye Chamber and the Dura Mater in Rat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 59:3424-3430. [PMID: 30025096 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xutao Zhu
- Center for Brain Science, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Ling
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaobin He
- Center for Brain Science, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Pei
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhidan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuqiang Xu
- Center for Brain Science, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Messlinger K, Russo AF. Current understanding of trigeminal ganglion structure and function in headache. Cephalalgia 2018; 39:1661-1674. [PMID: 29989427 DOI: 10.1177/0333102418786261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The trigeminal ganglion is unique among the somatosensory ganglia regarding its topography, structure, composition and possibly some functional properties of its cellular components. Being mainly responsible for the sensory innervation of the anterior regions of the head, it is a major target for headache research. One intriguing question is if the trigeminal ganglion is merely a transition site for sensory information from the periphery to the central nervous system, or if intracellular modulatory mechanisms and intercellular signaling are capable of controlling sensory information relevant for the pathophysiology of headaches. METHODS An online search based on PubMed was made using the keyword "trigeminal ganglion" in combination with "anatomy", "headache", "migraine", "neuropeptides", "receptors" and "signaling". From the relevant literature, further references were selected in view of their relevance for headache mechanisms. The essential information was organized based on location and cell types of the trigeminal ganglion, neuropeptides, receptors for signaling molecules, signaling mechanisms, and their possible relevance for headache generation. RESULTS The trigeminal ganglion consists of clusters of sensory neurons and their peripheral and central axon processes, which are arranged according to the three trigeminal partitions V1-V3. The neurons are surrounded by satellite glial cells, the axons by Schwann cells. In addition, macrophage-like cells can be found in the trigeminal ganglion. Neurons express various neuropeptides, among which calcitonin gene-related peptide is the most prominent in terms of its prevalence and its role in primary headaches. The classical calcitonin gene-related peptide receptors are expressed in non-calcitonin gene-related peptide neurons and satellite glial cells, although the possibility of a second calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor in calcitonin gene-related peptide neurons remains to be investigated. A variety of other signal molecules like adenosine triphosphate, nitric oxide, cytokines, and neurotrophic factors are released from trigeminal ganglion cells and may act at receptors on adjacent neurons or satellite glial cells. CONCLUSIONS The trigeminal ganglion may act as an integrative organ. The morphological and functional arrangement of trigeminal ganglion cells suggests that intercellular and possibly also autocrine signaling mechanisms interact with intracellular mechanisms, including gene expression, to modulate sensory information. Receptors and neurotrophic factors delivered to the periphery or the trigeminal brainstem can contribute to peripheral and central sensitization, as in the case of primary headaches. The trigeminal ganglion as a target of drug action outside the blood-brain barrier should therefore be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Messlinger
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrew F Russo
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Iowa VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Oxytocin Modulates Nociception as an Agonist of Pain-Sensing TRPV1. Cell Rep 2018; 21:1681-1691. [PMID: 29117570 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin is a hormone with various actions. Oxytocin-containing parvocellular neurons project to the brainstem and spinal cord. Oxytocin release from these neurons suppresses nociception of inflammatory pain, the molecular mechanism of which remains unclear. Here, we report that the noxious stimulus receptor TRPV1 is an ionotropic oxytocin receptor. Oxytocin elicits TRPV1 activity in native and heterologous expression systems, regardless of the presence of the classical oxytocin receptor. In TRPV1 knockout mice, DRG neurons exhibit reduced oxytocin sensitivity relative to controls, and oxytocin injections significantly attenuate capsaicin-induced nociception in in vivo experiments. Furthermore, oxytocin potentiates TRPV1 in planar lipid bilayers, supporting a direct agonistic action. Molecular modeling and simulation experiments provide insight into oxytocin-TRPV1 interactions, which resemble DkTx. Together, our findings suggest the existence of endogenous regulatory pathways that modulate nociception via direct action of oxytocin on TRPV1, implying its analgesic effect via channel desensitization.
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Nakamura M, Jang IS. Characterization of dural afferent neurons innervating cranial blood vessels within the dura in rats. Brain Res 2018; 1696:91-102. [PMID: 29886250 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dural afferent neurons are implicated in primary headaches including migraine. Although a significant portion of primary afferent neurons innervating the dura are myelinated A-type neurons, previous electrophysiological studies have primarily characterized the functional properties of small-sized C-type sensory neurons. Here we show the functional characterization of dural afferent neurons identified with the fluorescent dye DiI. DiI-positive neurons were divided into three types: small-, medium-, and large-sized neurons, based on their diameter, area, and membrane capacitance. The immunoreactivity of NF200, a marker of A-type myelinated neurons, was detected in most large-sized, but it was also present in a limited number of small- and medium-sized DiI-positive neurons. Capsaicin, a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 agonist, induced the membrane currents in most small- and medium-sized neurons, but not in large-sized DiI-positive neurons. Tetrodotoxin-resistant Na+ channels were expressed in almost all types of DiI-positive neurons. Mechanosensitive currents were detected from a majority of large-sized, and to a lesser extent, small- and medium-sized DiI-positive neurons. The results suggest that most dural afferent neurons are nociceptive, e.g., polymodal C-type for small- and medium-sized neurons, and high-threshold nociceptive A-type mechanoreceptors for large-sized neurons. We also found that DiI-positive neurons differed with respect to passive and active membrane properties, and that sumatriptan, a representative drug used for the acute treatment of migraine attack, inhibited voltage-gated Ca2+ currents in all types of DiI-positive neurons. The present results showing the nociceptive properties of dural afferent neurons would contribute to understand the pathophysiology of primary headaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea; Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Sung Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea; Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea.
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Jiang L, Wang Y, Xu Y, Ma D, Wang M. The Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin Type 1 Plays a Critical Role in Cortical Spreading Depression. Neuroscience 2018; 382:23-34. [PMID: 29719223 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential ankyrin type-1 (TRPA1) channels have been proposed as a potential target for migraine therapy. Yet the role of cortical TRPA1 channels in migraine mechanism has not been fully understood. Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is known as an underlying cause of migraine aura. The aim of this study is to investigate if cortical TRPA1 activity is required for CSD genesis and propagation. A mouse brain slice CSD model with intrinsic optical imaging was applied for TRPA1 signaling pharmacology. The results showed that the TRPA1 agonist, umbellulone, facilitated the propagation of submaximal CSD. Correspondingly, an anti-TRPA1 antibody and two selective TRPA1 antagonists, A967079 and HC-030031, prolonged the CSD latency and reduced magnitude, indicating a reduced cortical susceptibility to CSD under TRPA1 deactivation. Furthermore, the TRPA1 agonist, allyl-isothiocyanate (AITC), reversed the suppression of CSD by HC-030031, but not by A967079. Interestingly, the inhibitory action of A967079 on CSD was reversed by exogenous calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP). Consistent to TRPA1 deactivation, the prolonged CSD latency was observed by an anti-CGRP antibody in the mouse brain slice, which was reversed by exogenous CGRP. We conclude that cortical TRPA1 is critical in regulating cortical susceptibility to CSD, which involves CGRP. The data strongly suggest that deactivation of TRPA1 channels and blockade of CGRP would have therapeutic benefits in preventing migraine with aura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Jiang
- Centre for Neuroscience, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China; Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Centre for Neuroscience, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yuewei Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Dongqing Ma
- Centre for Neuroscience, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China; Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Minyan Wang
- Centre for Neuroscience, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China; Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Samanta A, Kiselar J, Pumroy RA, Han S, Moiseenkova-Bell VY. Structural insights into the molecular mechanism of mouse TRPA1 activation and inhibition. J Gen Physiol 2018; 150:751-762. [PMID: 29703838 PMCID: PMC5940248 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201711876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain, though serving the beneficial function of provoking a response to dangerous situations, is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience. Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is a member of the transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channel family and is localized in "nociceptors," where it plays a key role in the transduction of chemical, inflammatory, and neuropathic pain. TRPA1 is a Ca2+-permeable, nonselective cation channel that is activated by a large variety of structurally unrelated electrophilic and nonelectrophilic chemical compounds. Electrophilic ligands are able to activate TRPA1 channels by interacting with critical cysteine residues on the N terminus of the channels via covalent modification and/or disulfide bonds. Activation by electrophilic compounds is dependent on their thiol-reactive moieties, accounting for the structural diversity of the group. On the other hand, nonelectrophilic ligands do not interact with critical cysteines on the channel, so the structural diversity of this group is unexplained. Although near-atomic-resolution structures of TRPA1 were resolved recently by cryo-electron microscopy, in the presence of both agonists and antagonists, detailed mechanisms of channel activation and inhibition by these modulators could not be determined. Here, we investigate the effect of both electrophilic and nonelectrophilic ligands on TRPA1 channel conformational rearrangements with limited proteolysis and mass spectrometry. Collectively, our results reveal that channel modulation results in conformational rearrangements in the N-terminal ankyrin repeats, the pre-S1 helix, the TRP-like domain, and the linker regions of the channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Samanta
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Janna Kiselar
- Center for Proteomics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Ruth A Pumroy
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Vera Y Moiseenkova-Bell
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH .,Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Moore C, Gupta R, Jordt SE, Chen Y, Liedtke WB. Regulation of Pain and Itch by TRP Channels. Neurosci Bull 2018; 34:120-142. [PMID: 29282613 PMCID: PMC5799130 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-017-0200-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nociception is an important physiological process that detects harmful signals and results in pain perception. In this review, we discuss important experimental evidence involving some TRP ion channels as molecular sensors of chemical, thermal, and mechanical noxious stimuli to evoke the pain and itch sensations. Among them are the TRPA1 channel, members of the vanilloid subfamily (TRPV1, TRPV3, and TRPV4), and finally members of the melastatin group (TRPM2, TRPM3, and TRPM8). Given that pain and itch are pro-survival, evolutionarily-honed protective mechanisms, care has to be exercised when developing inhibitory/modulatory compounds targeting specific pain/itch-TRPs so that physiological protective mechanisms are not disabled to a degree that stimulus-mediated injury can occur. Such events have impeded the development of safe and effective TRPV1-modulating compounds and have diverted substantial resources. A beneficial outcome can be readily accomplished via simple dosing strategies, and also by incorporating medicinal chemistry design features during compound design and synthesis. Beyond clinical use, where compounds that target more than one channel might have a place and possibly have advantageous features, highly specific and high-potency compounds will be helpful in mechanistic discovery at the structure-function level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlene Moore
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Rupali Gupta
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Sven-Eric Jordt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Wolfgang B Liedtke
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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Martínez-Rojas VA, García G, Noriega-Navarro R, Guzmán-Priego CG, Torres-López JE, Granados-Soto V, Murbartián J. Peripheral and spinal TRPA1 channels contribute to formalin-induced long-lasting mechanical hypersensitivity. J Pain Res 2017; 11:51-60. [PMID: 29343980 PMCID: PMC5749559 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s153671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is a non-selective cation channel expressed by a subset of nociceptive neurons that acts as a multimodal receptor. Its activity contributes to modulate nociceptive transmission in acute inflammatory pain. However, the role of this channel in chronic pain has been less studied. The purpose of this study was to investigate the local peripheral and spinal participation of TRPA1 channels in formalin-induced long-lasting hypersensitivity. Materials and methods Formalin (1%)-induced chronic hypersensitivity was determined by the application of von Frey filaments to ipsilateral and contralateral paws and through pharmacological testing using a selective TRPA1 blocker (A-967079). TRPA1 expression in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal cord was analyzed by Western blotting. Results Formalin (1%) injection produced acute flinching behavior (1 h) as well as secondary allodynia and hyperalgesia (12 days). Local peripheral pretreatment (10 min before) or posttreatment (6 days later) with A-967079 (1–100 µM) partially prevented and reversed, respectively, in a dose-dependent manner, long-lasting secondary mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia evoked by 1% formalin. Likewise, intrathecal pretreatment or posttreatment with A-967079 partially prevented and reversed, respectively, formalin-induced long-lasting hypersensitivity. A-967079 (100 µM) completely abolished the pro-nociceptive effect of formalin (adjusted to pH 7.4). Finally, formalin injection increased TRPA1 protein expression in the DRG and spinal cord. Conclusion Results indicate that TRPA1 expressed in the DRG and spinal cord plays a relevant role in formalin-induced long-lasting secondary nociceptive hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir A Martínez-Rojas
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Unidad Coapa, Ciudad de México
| | - Guadalupe García
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Unidad Coapa, Ciudad de México
| | - Roxana Noriega-Navarro
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Unidad Coapa, Ciudad de México
| | - Crystell G Guzmán-Priego
- Laboratorio Mecanismos del Dolor, Centro de Investigación, División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco
| | - Jorge E Torres-López
- Laboratorio Mecanismos del Dolor, Centro de Investigación, División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco.,Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad "Dr. Juan Graham Casasús", Villahermosa, Tabasco
| | - Vinicio Granados-Soto
- Neurobiology of Pain Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav, Unidad Coapa, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Janet Murbartián
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Unidad Coapa, Ciudad de México
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