1
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Cheng YC, Zhang Y, Tripathi S, Harshavardhan BV, Jolly MK, Schiebinger G, Levine H, McDonald TO, Michor F. Reconstruction of single-cell lineage trajectories and identification of diversity in fates during the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2406842121. [PMID: 39093947 PMCID: PMC11317558 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2406842121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Exploring the complexity of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) unveils a diversity of potential cell fates; however, the exact timing and mechanisms by which early cell states diverge into distinct EMT trajectories remain unclear. Studying these EMT trajectories through single-cell RNA sequencing is challenging due to the necessity of sacrificing cells for each measurement. In this study, we employed optimal-transport analysis to reconstruct the past trajectories of different cell fates during TGF-beta-induced EMT in the MCF10A cell line. Our analysis revealed three distinct trajectories leading to low EMT, partial EMT, and high EMT states. Cells along the partial EMT trajectory showed substantial variations in the EMT signature and exhibited pronounced stemness. Throughout this EMT trajectory, we observed a consistent downregulation of the EED and EZH2 genes. This finding was validated by recent inhibitor screens of EMT regulators and CRISPR screen studies. Moreover, we applied our analysis of early-phase differential gene expression to gene sets associated with stemness and proliferation, pinpointing ITGB4, LAMA3, and LAMB3 as genes differentially expressed in the initial stages of the partial versus high EMT trajectories. We also found that CENPF, CKS1B, and MKI67 showed significant upregulation in the high EMT trajectory. While the first group of genes aligns with findings from previous studies, our work uniquely pinpoints the precise timing of these upregulations. Finally, the identification of the latter group of genes sheds light on potential cell cycle targets for modulating EMT trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Cheng
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA02215
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA02215
- Center for Cancer Evolution, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA02215
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100021, China
| | - Shubham Tripathi
- Yale Center for Systems and Engineering Immunology and Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
| | - B. V. Harshavardhan
- Interdisciplinary Mathematics Initiative, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore560012, India
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore560012, India
| | - Geoffrey Schiebinger
- Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BCV6T 1Z2, Canada
| | - Herbert Levine
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA02115
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA02115
| | - Thomas O. McDonald
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA02215
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA02215
- Center for Cancer Evolution, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA02215
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Franziska Michor
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA02215
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA02215
- Center for Cancer Evolution, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA02215
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
- The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA02138
- The Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston, MA02115
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2
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Przybyszewski O, Mik M, Nowicki M, Kusiński M, Mikołajczyk-Solińska M, Śliwińska A. Using microRNAs Networks to Understand Pancreatic Cancer-A Literature Review. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1713. [PMID: 39200178 PMCID: PMC11351910 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a severe disease, challenging to diagnose and treat, and thereby characterized by a poor prognosis and a high mortality rate. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents approximately 90% of pancreatic cancer cases, while other cases include neuroendocrine carcinoma. Despite the growing knowledge of the pathophysiology of this cancer, the mortality rate caused by it has not been effectively reduced. Recently, microRNAs have aroused great interest among scientists and clinicians, as they are negative regulators of gene expression, which participate in many processes, including those related to the development of pancreatic cancer. The aim of this review is to show how microRNAs (miRNAs) affect key signaling pathways and related cellular processes in pancreatic cancer development, progression, diagnosis and treatment. We included the results of in vitro studies, animal model of pancreatic cancer and those performed on blood, saliva and tumor tissue isolated from patients suffering from PDAC. Our investigation identified numerous dysregulated miRNAs involved in KRAS, JAK/STAT, PI3/AKT, Wnt/β-catenin and TGF-β signaling pathways participating in cell cycle control, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and metastasis. Moreover, some miRNAs (miRNA-23a, miRNA-24, miRNA-29c, miRNA-216a) seem to be engaged in a crosstalk between signaling pathways. Evidence concerning the utility of microRNAs in the diagnosis and therapy of this cancer is poor. Therefore, despite growing knowledge of the involvement of miRNAs in several processes associated with pancreatic cancer, we are beginning to recognize and understand their role and usefulness in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Przybyszewski
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał Mik
- Department of General and Colorectal Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 113 Stefana Żeromskiego St., 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (M.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Michał Nowicki
- Department of General and Colorectal Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 113 Stefana Żeromskiego St., 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (M.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Michał Kusiński
- Department of Endocrinological, General and Oncological Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 62 Pabianicka St., 93-513 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Melania Mikołajczyk-Solińska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St., 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Śliwińska
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
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3
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Jen CI, Ng LT. Physicochemical Properties of Different Sulfated Polysaccharide Components from Laetiporus sulphureus and Their Anti-Proliferative Effects on MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:457. [PMID: 39057342 PMCID: PMC11278346 DOI: 10.3390/jof10070457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Laetiporus sulphureus is an edible and medicinal mushroom widely used in folk medicine for treating cancer and gastric diseases. This study aimed to investigate the physicochemical properties of different sulfated polysaccharide (SPS) components (F1, F2, and F3) isolated from L. sulphureus and evaluate their activity against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell proliferation. Compared with F1 and F3, the results showed that F2 exhibited the most potent anti-proliferative activity on MDA-MB-231 cells, which could be attributed to the sulfate and protein contents, molecular weight, and monosaccharide composition. F2 inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation by blocking the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase but not triggering cell apoptosis. In addition, F2 also showed selective cytotoxicity on breast cancer cells. It modulated the expression of proteins involved in G0/G1 phase progression, cell cycle checkpoints, DNA replication, and the TGFβ signaling pathway in MDA-MB-231 cells. This study demonstrated that F2, the medium-molecular-weight SPS component of L. sulphureus, possessed the most potent inhibitory effect on MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation by arresting the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase. The main factors contributing to the differences in the potency of anti-breast cancer activity between F1, F2, and F3 could be the sulfate and protein contents, molecular weight, and monosaccharide composition of SPS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lean-Teik Ng
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
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4
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Giarratana AO, Prendergast CM, Salvatore MM, Capaccione KM. TGF-β signaling: critical nexus of fibrogenesis and cancer. J Transl Med 2024; 22:594. [PMID: 38926762 PMCID: PMC11201862 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05411-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway is a vital regulator of cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix production. It functions through canonical SMAD-mediated processes and noncanonical pathways involving MAPK cascades, PI3K/AKT, Rho-like GTPases, and NF-κB signaling. This intricate signaling system is finely tuned by interactions between canonical and noncanonical pathways and plays key roles in both physiologic and pathologic conditions including tissue homeostasis, fibrosis, and cancer progression. TGF-β signaling is known to have paradoxical actions. Under normal physiologic conditions, TGF-β signaling promotes cell quiescence and apoptosis, acting as a tumor suppressor. In contrast, in pathological states such as inflammation and cancer, it triggers processes that facilitate cancer progression and tissue remodeling, thus promoting tumor development and fibrosis. Here, we detail the role that TGF-β plays in cancer and fibrosis and highlight the potential for future theranostics targeting this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna O Giarratana
- Northwell Health - Peconic Bay Medical Center, 1 Heroes Way, Riverhead, NY, 11901, USA.
| | | | - Mary M Salvatore
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 11032, USA
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5
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Copperman J, Mclean IC, Gross SM, Singh J, Chang YH, Zuckerman DM, Heiser LM. Single-cell morphodynamical trajectories enable prediction of gene expression accompanying cell state change. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.18.576248. [PMID: 38293173 PMCID: PMC10827140 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.18.576248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular signals induce changes to molecular programs that modulate multiple cellular phenotypes, including proliferation, motility, and differentiation status. The connection between dynamically adapting phenotypic states and the molecular programs that define them is not well understood. Here we develop data-driven models of single-cell phenotypic responses to extracellular stimuli by linking gene transcription levels to "morphodynamics" - changes in cell morphology and motility observable in time-lapse image data. We adopt a dynamics-first view of cell state by grouping single-cell trajectories into states with shared morphodynamic responses. The single-cell trajectories enable development of a first-of-its-kind computational approach to map live-cell dynamics to snapshot gene transcript levels, which we term MMIST, Molecular and Morphodynamics-Integrated Single-cell Trajectories. The key conceptual advance of MMIST is that cell behavior can be quantified based on dynamically defined states and that extracellular signals alter the overall distribution of cell states by altering rates of switching between states. We find a cell state landscape that is bound by epithelial and mesenchymal endpoints, with distinct sequences of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) intermediates. The analysis yields predictions for gene expression changes consistent with curated EMT gene sets and provides a prediction of thousands of RNA transcripts through extracellular signal-induced EMT and MET with near-continuous time resolution. The MMIST framework leverages true single-cell dynamical behavior to generate molecular-level omics inferences and is broadly applicable to other biological domains, time-lapse imaging approaches and molecular snapshot data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Copperman
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR 97239, U.S.A
| | - Ian C. Mclean
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR 97239, U.S.A
| | | | - Jalim Singh
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR 97239, U.S.A
| | - Young Hwan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR 97239, U.S.A
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR 97239, U.S.A
| | - Daniel M. Zuckerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR 97239, U.S.A
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR 97239, U.S.A
| | - Laura M. Heiser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR 97239, U.S.A
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR 97239, U.S.A
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR 97239, U.S.A
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6
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Ahuja S, Zaheer S. Multifaceted TGF-β signaling, a master regulator: From bench-to-bedside, intricacies, and complexities. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:87-127. [PMID: 37859532 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Physiological embryogenesis and adult tissue homeostasis are regulated by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), an evolutionarily conserved family of secreted polypeptide factors, acting in an autocrine and paracrine manner. The role of TGF-β in inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer is complex and sometimes even contradictory, exhibiting either inhibitory or promoting effects depending on the stage of the disease. Under pathological conditions, especially fibrosis and cancer, overexpressed TGF-β causes extracellular matrix deposition, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cancer-associated fibroblast formation, and/or angiogenesis. In this review article, we have tried to dive deep into the mechanism of action of TGF-β in inflammation, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis. As TGF-β and its downstream signaling mechanism are implicated in fibrosis and carcinogenesis blocking this signaling mechanism appears to be a promising avenue. However, targeting TGF-β carries substantial risk as this pathway is implicated in multiple homeostatic processes and is also known to have tumor-suppressor functions. There is a need for careful dosing of TGF-β drugs for therapeutic use and patient selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ahuja
- Department of Pathology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sufian Zaheer
- Department of Pathology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
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7
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Jeong J, Lee J, Talaia G, Kim W, Song J, Hong J, Yoo K, Gonzalez DG, Athonvarangkul D, Shin J, Dann P, Haberman AM, Kim LK, Ferguson SM, Choi J, Wysolmerski J. Intracellular calcium links milk stasis to lysosome-dependent cell death during early mammary gland involution. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:29. [PMID: 38212474 PMCID: PMC10784359 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05044-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Involution of the mammary gland after lactation is a dramatic example of coordinated cell death. Weaning causes distension of the alveolar structures due to the accumulation of milk, which, in turn, activates STAT3 and initiates a caspase-independent but lysosome-dependent cell death (LDCD) pathway. Although the importance of STAT3 and LDCD in early mammary involution is well established, it has not been entirely clear how milk stasis activates STAT3. In this report, we demonstrate that protein levels of the PMCA2 calcium pump are significantly downregulated within 2-4 h of experimental milk stasis. Reductions in PMCA2 expression correlate with an increase in cytoplasmic calcium in vivo as measured by multiphoton intravital imaging of GCaMP6f fluorescence. These events occur concomitant with the appearance of nuclear pSTAT3 expression but prior to significant activation of LDCD or its previously implicated mediators such as LIF, IL6, and TGFβ3, all of which appear to be upregulated by increased intracellular calcium. We further demonstrate that increased intracellular calcium activates STAT3 by inducing degradation of its negative regulator, SOCS3. We also observed that milk stasis, loss of PMCA2 expression and increased intracellular calcium levels activate TFEB, an important regulator of lysosome biogenesis through a process involving inhibition of CDK4/6 and cell cycle progression. In summary, these data suggest that intracellular calcium serves as an important proximal biochemical signal linking milk stasis to STAT3 activation, increased lysosomal biogenesis, and lysosome-mediated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaekwang Jeong
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Jongwon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gabriel Talaia
- Departments of Cell Biology and of Neuroscience, Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Wonnam Kim
- Division of Phamacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Song
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyeon Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangmin Yoo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - David G Gonzalez
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Diana Athonvarangkul
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jaehun Shin
- Integrated Science Engineering Division, Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Pamela Dann
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ann M Haberman
- Departments of Immunobiology and Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Lark Kyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06230, Republic of Korea
| | - Shawn M Ferguson
- Departments of Cell Biology and of Neuroscience, Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Jungmin Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - John Wysolmerski
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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8
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Saito A, Omura I, Imaizumi K. CREB3L1/OASIS: cell cycle regulator and tumor suppressor. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38215153 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Cell cycle checkpoints detect DNA errors, eventually arresting the cell cycle to promote DNA repair. Failure of such cell cycle arrest causes aberrant cell proliferation, promoting the pathogenesis of multiple diseases, including cancer. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress transducers activate the unfolded protein response, which not only deals with unfolded proteins in ER lumen but also orchestrates diverse physiological phenomena such as cell differentiation and lipid metabolism. Among ER stress transducers, cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 (CREB3L1) [also known as old astrocyte specifically induced substance (OASIS)] is an ER-resident transmembrane transcription factor. This molecule is cleaved by regulated intramembrane proteolysis, followed by activation as a transcription factor. OASIS is preferentially expressed in specific cells, including astrocytes and osteoblasts, to regulate their differentiation. In accordance with its name, OASIS was originally identified as being upregulated in long-term-cultured astrocytes undergoing cell cycle arrest because of replicative stress. In the context of cell cycle regulation, previously unknown physiological roles of OASIS have been discovered. OASIS is activated as a transcription factor in response to DNA damage to induce p21-mediated cell cycle arrest. Although p21 is directly induced by the master regulator of the cell cycle, p53, no crosstalk occurs between p21 induction by OASIS or p53. Here, we summarize previously unknown cell cycle regulation by ER-resident transcription factor OASIS, particularly focusing on commonalities and differences in cell cycle arrest between OASIS and p53. This review also mentions tumorigenesis caused by OASIS dysfunctions, and OASIS's potential as a tumor suppressor and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Saito
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Issei Omura
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Kazunori Imaizumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
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9
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Wu S, Luwor RB, Zhu HJ. Dynamics of transforming growth factor β signaling and therapeutic efficacy. Growth Factors 2023; 41:82-100. [PMID: 37229558 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2023.2215335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is a multifunctional cytokine, and its signalling responses are exerted via integrated intracellular pathways and complex regulatory mechanisms. Due to its high potency, TGFβ signalling is tightly controlled under normal circumstances, while its dysregulation in cancer favours metastasis. The recognised potential of TGFβ as a therapeutic target led to emerging development of anti-TGFβ reagents with preclinical success, yet these therapeutics failed to recapitulate their efficacy in experimental settings. In this review, possible reasons for this inconsistency are discussed, addressing the knowledge gap between theoretical and actual behaviours of TGFβ signalling. Previous studies on oncogenic cells have demonstrated the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of TGFβ signalling intensity. Under feedback mechanisms and exosomal ligand recycling, cancer cells may achieve cyclic TGFβ signalling to facilitate dissemination and colonisation. This challenges the current presumption of persistently high TGFβ signalling in cancer, pointing to a new direction of research on TGFβ-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wu
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Rodney Brian Luwor
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, Australia
- Health, Innovation and Transformation Centre, Federation University, Ballarat, Australia
| | - Hong-Jian Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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10
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Bariani MV, Cui YH, Ali M, Bai T, Grimm SL, Coarfa C, Walker CL, He YY, Yang Q, Al-Hendy A. TGFβ signaling links early life endocrine-disrupting chemicals exposure to suppression of nucleotide excision repair in rat myometrial stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:288. [PMID: 37689587 PMCID: PMC10492698 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04928-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is linked to the development of uterine fibroids (UFs) in women. UFs, non-cancerous tumors, are thought to originate from abnormal myometrial stem cells (MMSCs). Defective DNA repair capacity may contribute to the emergence of mutations that promote tumor growth. The multifunctional cytokine TGFβ1 is associated with UF progression and DNA damage repair pathways. To investigate the impact of EDC exposure on TGFβ1 and nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathways, we isolated MMSCs from 5-month-old Eker rats exposed neonatally to diethylstilbestrol (DES), an EDC, or to vehicle (VEH). EDC-MMSCs exhibited overactivated TGFβ1 signaling and reduced mRNA and protein levels of NER pathway components compared to VEH-MMSCs. EDC-MMSCs also demonstrated impaired NER capacity. Exposing VEH-MMSCs to TGFβ1 decreased NER capacity while inhibiting TGFβ signaling in EDC-MMSCs restored it. RNA-seq analysis and further validation revealed decreased expression of Uvrag, a tumor suppressor gene involved in DNA damage recognition, in VEH-MMSCs treated with TGFβ1, but increased expression in EDC-MMSCs after TGFβ signaling inhibition. Overall, we demonstrated that the overactivation of the TGFβ pathway links early life exposure to EDCs with impaired NER capacity, which would lead to increased genetic instability, arise of mutations, and fibroid tumorigenesis. We demonstrated that the overactivation of the TGFβ pathway links early life exposure to EDCs with impaired NER capacity, which would lead to increased fibroid incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan-Hong Cui
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mohamed Ali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tao Bai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sandra L Grimm
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Precision and Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Precision and Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cheryl L Walker
- Center for Precision and Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yu-Ying He
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Qiwei Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ayman Al-Hendy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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11
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Jeong J, Lee J, Talaia G, Kim W, Song J, Hong J, Yoo K, Gonzalez D, Athonvarangkul D, Shin J, Dann P, Haberman A, Kim LK, Ferguson S, Choi J, Wysolmerski J. Intracellular Calcium links Milk Stasis to Lysosome Dependent Cell Death by Activating a TGFβ3/TFEB/STAT3 Pathway Early during Mammary Gland Involution. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3030763. [PMID: 37398309 PMCID: PMC10312953 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3030763/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Involution of the mammary gland after lactation is a dramatic example of coordinated cell death. Weaning causes distension of the alveolar structures due to the accumulation of milk, which, in turn, activates STAT3 and initiates a caspase-independent but lysosome-dependent cell death (LDCD) pathway. Although the importance of STAT3 and LDCD in early mammary involution is well established, it has not been entirely clear how milk stasis activates STAT3. In this report, we demonstrate that protein levels of the PMCA2 calcium pump are significantly downregulated within 2-4 hours of experimental milk stasis. Reductions in PMCA2 expression correlate with an increase in cytoplasmic calcium in vivo as measured by multiphoton intravital imaging of GCaMP6f fluorescence. These events occur concomitant with the appearance of nuclear pSTAT3 expression but prior to significant activation of LDCD or its previously implicated mediators such as LIF, IL6 and TGFβ3, all of which appear to be upregulated by increased intracellular calcium. We also observed that milk stasis, loss of PMCA2 expression and increased intracellular calcium levels activate TFEB, an important regulator of lysosome biogenesis. This is the result of increased TGFβ signaling and inhibition of cell cycle progression. Finally, we demonstrate that increased intracellular calcium activates STAT3 by inducing degradation of its negative regulator, SOCS3, a process which also appears to be mediated by TGFβ signaling. In summary, these data suggest that intracellular calcium serves as an important proximal biochemical signal linking milk stasis to STAT3 activation, increased lysosomal biogenesis, and lysosome-mediated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaekwang Jeong
- Yale School of Medicine: Yale University School of Medicine
| | | | - Gabriel Talaia
- Yale School of Medicine: Yale University School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | - David Gonzalez
- Yale School of Medicine: Yale University School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Pamela Dann
- Yale School of Medicine: Yale University School of Medicine
| | - Ann Haberman
- Yale School of Medicine: Yale University School of Medicine
| | | | - Shawn Ferguson
- Yale School of Medicine: Yale University School of Medicine
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12
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Importance of Fibrosis in the Pathogenesis of Uterine Leiomyoma and the Promising Anti-fibrotic Effects of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 and Fibroblast Activation Protein Inhibitors in the Treatment of Uterine Leiomyoma. Reprod Sci 2022; 30:1383-1398. [PMID: 35969363 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-01064-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Uterine fibroid or leiomyoma is the most common benign uterus tumor. The tumor is primarily composed of smooth muscle (fibroid) cells, myofibroblast, and a significant amount of extracellular matrix components. It mainly affects women of reproductive age. They are uncommon before menarche and usually disappear after menopause. The fibroids have excessive extracellular matrix components secreted by activated fibroblast cells (myofibroblast). Myofibroblast has the characteristics of fibroblast and smooth muscle cells. These cells possess contractile capability due to the expression of contractile proteins which are normally found only in muscle tissues. The rigid nature of the tumor is responsible for many side effects associated with uterine fibroids. The current drug treatment strategies are primarily hormone-driven and not anti-fibrotic. This paper emphasizes the fibrotic background of uterine fibroids and the mechanisms behind the deposition of excessive extracellular matrix components. The transforming growth factor-β, hippo, and focal adhesion kinase-mediated signaling pathways activate the fibroblast cells and deposit excessive extracellular matrix materials. We also exemplify how dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and fibroblast activation protein inhibitors could be beneficial in reducing the fibrotic process in leiomyoma. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and fibroblast activation protein inhibitors prevent the fibrotic process in organs such as the kidneys, lungs, liver, and heart. These inhibitors are proven to inhibit the signaling pathways mentioned above at various stages of their activation. Based on literature evidence, we constructed a narrative review on the mechanisms that support the beneficial effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and fibroblast activation protein inhibitors for treating uterine fibroids.
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Avramovic D, Archaimbault SA, Kemble AM, Gruener S, Lazendic M, Westenskow PD. TGFβ1 Induces Senescence and Attenuated VEGF Production in Retinal Pericytes. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061404. [PMID: 35740425 PMCID: PMC9219633 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular disease of the retina and a serious complication of type I and type II diabetes mellitus. DR affects working-age populations and can cause permanent vision loss if left untreated. The standard of care for proliferative DR is inhibiting VEGF. However, the mechanisms that induce excessive VEGF production in the retina remain elusive, although some evidence links elevated VEGF in the diabetic retina with local and systemic TGFβ1 upexpression. Here, we present evidence from animal models of disease suggesting that excessive TGFβ1 production in the early DR is correlated with VEGF mRNA and protein production by senescent pericytes and other retinal cells. Collectively, these results confirm that TGFβ1 is strongly implicated in the vascular complications of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Avramovic
- Ocular Technologies, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland; (S.A.A.); (S.G.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: (D.A.); (P.D.W.)
| | - Sébastien A. Archaimbault
- Ocular Technologies, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland; (S.A.A.); (S.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Alicia M. Kemble
- Neuroscience and Rare Disease, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Sabine Gruener
- Ocular Technologies, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland; (S.A.A.); (S.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Mirjana Lazendic
- Ocular Technologies, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland; (S.A.A.); (S.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Peter D. Westenskow
- Ocular Technologies, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland; (S.A.A.); (S.G.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: (D.A.); (P.D.W.)
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14
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Benot-Dominguez R, Cimini A, Barone D, Giordano A, Pentimalli F. The Emerging Role of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors in Treating Diet-Induced Obesity: New Opportunities for Breast and Ovarian Cancers? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2709. [PMID: 35681689 PMCID: PMC9179653 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity constitute the most impactful lifestyle-dependent risk factors for cancer and have been tightly linked to a higher number of tumor-related deaths nowadays. The excessive accumulation of energy can lead to an imbalance in the level of essential cellular biomolecules that may result in inflammation and cell-cycle dysregulation. Nutritional strategies and phytochemicals are gaining interest in the management of obesity-related cancers, with several ongoing and completed clinical studies that support their effectiveness. At the same time, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are becoming an important target in breast and ovarian cancer treatment, with various FDA-approved CDK4/6 inhibitors that have recently received more attention for their potential role in diet-induced obesity (DIO). Here we provide an overview of the most recent studies involving nutraceuticals and other dietary strategies affecting cell-cycle pathways, which might impact the management of breast and ovarian cancers, as well as the repurposing of already commercialized chemotherapeutic options to treat DIO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyes Benot-Dominguez
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA; (R.B.-D.); (A.G.)
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Daniela Barone
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA; (R.B.-D.); (A.G.)
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
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15
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Wu G, Xiu H, Luo H, Ding Y, Li Y. A mathematical model for cell cycle control: graded response or quantized response. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:820-834. [PMID: 35107036 PMCID: PMC8973363 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2031770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle is an important and complex biological system. A lot of efforts have been put in understanding cell cycle arrest for its vital role in clinical therapies. The cell-cycle-arrest outcomes upon stimulation are complicated. The response could be stringent or relaxed, and graded or quantized. A model fully addressing various cell-cycle-arrest outcomes is to be developed. Here, we developed a mathematical model of cell cycle control incorporating distinct characteristics of various cell-cycle-arrest outcomes. The model can simulate two typical properties of cell cycle arrest, quantized and graded. We also characterized the inheritable quiescence and refractory state, which were crucial in long-term response of the population. Then, we monitored cells respond to multiple stimulations, and the results indicated that cells responded to stimulations with small interval did not induce significantly sustained cell cycle arrest as the existence of refractory state. Our work will benefit fundamental research and make efforts to predicting outcomes of clinical therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyu Wu
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong, China
- Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- CONTACT Guoyu Wu
| | - Huiyu Xiu
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiying Luo
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Ding
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuchao Li
- MegaLab, MegaRobo Technologies Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
- Yuchao Li
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16
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Radiosensitizing effect of galunisertib, a TGF-ß receptor I inhibitor, on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro. Invest New Drugs 2022; 40:478-486. [PMID: 34985593 PMCID: PMC9098568 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-021-01207-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background. Resistance to radiation therapy poses a major clinical problem for patients suffering from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Transforming growth factor ß (TGF-ß) has emerged as a potential target. This study aimed to investigate the radiosensitizing effect of galunisertib, a small molecule TGF-ß receptor kinase I inhibitor, on HNSCC cells in vitro. Methods. Three HNSCC cell lines were treated with galunisertib alone, or in combination with radiation. Of those three cell lines, one has a known inactivating mutation of the TGF-ß pathway (Cal27), one has a TGF-ß pathway deficiency (FaDu) and one has no known alteration (SCC-25). The effect on metabolic activity was evaluated by a resazurin-based reduction assay. Cell migration was evaluated by wound-healing assay, clonogenic survival by colony formation assay and cell cycle by FACS analysis. Results. Galunisertib reduced metabolic activity in FaDu, increased in SCC-25 and had no effect on CAL27. Migration was significantly reduced by galunisertib in all three cell lines and showed additive effects in combination with radiation in CAL27 and SCC-25. Colony-forming capabilities were reduced in SCC-25 by galunisertib and also showed an additive effect with adjuvant radiation treatment. Cell cycle analysis showed a reduction of cells in G1 phase in response to galunisertib treatment. Conclusion. Our results indicate a potential antineoplastic effect of galunisertib in HNSCC with intact TGF-ß signaling in combination with radiation.
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Zhang Q, Zeng Z, Xie W, Zeng Z. Highly Expressed SPC25 Promotes the Stemness, Proliferation and EMT of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells via Modulating the TGF-β Signaling Pathway. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2022. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.31.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiufang Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Ganzhou People’s Hospital
| | - Zijun Zeng
- Anesthesia Surgery Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University
| | - Wen Xie
- Health Management Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University
| | - Zhimei Zeng
- Department of Stomatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University
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18
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Bahcecioglu G, Yue X, Howe E, Guldner I, Stack MS, Nakshatri H, Zhang S, Zorlutuna P. Aged Breast Extracellular Matrix Drives Mammary Epithelial Cells to an Invasive and Cancer-Like Phenotype. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100128. [PMID: 34617419 PMCID: PMC8596116 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Age is a major risk factor for cancer. While the importance of age related genetic alterations in cells on cancer progression is well documented, the effect of aging extracellular matrix (ECM) has been overlooked. This study shows that the aging breast ECM alone is sufficient to drive normal human mammary epithelial cells (KTB21) to a more invasive and cancer-like phenotype, while promoting motility and invasiveness in MDA-MB-231 cells. Decellularized breast matrix from aged mice leads to loss of E-cadherin membrane localization in KTB21 cells, increased cell motility and invasion, and increased production of inflammatory cytokines and cancer-related proteins. The aged matrix upregulates cancer-related genes in KTB21 cells and enriches a cell subpopulation highly expressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related genes. Lysyl oxidase knockdown reverts the aged matrix-induced changes to the young levels; it relocalizes E-cadherin to cell membrane, and reduces cell motility, invasion, and cytokine production. These results show for the first time that the aging ECM harbors key biochemical, physical, and mechanical cues contributing to invasive and cancer-like behavior in healthy and cancer mammary cells. Differential response of cells to young and aged ECMs can lead to identification of new targets for cancer treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Bahcecioglu
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIN46556USA
| | - Xiaoshan Yue
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIN46556USA
| | - Erin Howe
- Harper Cancer Research InstituteUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIN46556USA
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIN46556USA
| | - Ian Guldner
- Harper Cancer Research InstituteUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIN46556USA
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIN46556USA
| | - M. Sharon Stack
- Harper Cancer Research InstituteUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIN46556USA
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIN46556USA
| | - Harikrishna Nakshatri
- Department of SurgerySchool of MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIN46202USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIN46202USA
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- Harper Cancer Research InstituteUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIN46556USA
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIN46556USA
| | - Pinar Zorlutuna
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIN46556USA
- Harper Cancer Research InstituteUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIN46556USA
- Bioengineering Graduate ProgramUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIN46556USA
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19
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Ruiz TFR, Taboga SR, Leonel ECR. Molecular mechanisms of mammary gland remodeling: A review of the homeostatic versus bisphenol a disrupted microenvironment. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 105:1-16. [PMID: 34343637 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mammary gland (MG) undergoes critical points of structural changes throughout a woman's life. During the perinatal and pubertal stages, MG develops through growth and differentiation to establish a pre-mature feature. If pregnancy and lactation occur, the epithelial compartment branches and differentiates to create a specialized structure for milk secretion and nurturing of the newborn. However, the ultimate MG modification consists of a regression process aiming to reestablish the smaller and less energy demanding structure until another production cycle happens. The unraveling of these fascinating physiologic cycles has helped the scientific community elucidate aspects of molecular regulation of proliferative and apoptotic events and remodeling of the stromal compartment. However, greater understanding of the hormonal pathways involved in MG developmental stages led to concern that endocrine disruptors such as bisphenol A (BPA), may influence these specific development/involution stages, called "windows of susceptibility". Since it is used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, BPA is a ubiquitous chemical present in human everyday life, exerting an estrogenic effect. Thus, descriptions of its deleterious effects on the MG, especially in terms of serum hormone concentrations, hormonal receptor expression, molecular pathways, and epigenetic alterations, have been widely published. Therefore, allied to a didactic description of the main physiological mechanisms involved in different critical points of MG development, the current review provides a summary of key mechanisms by which the endocrine disruptor BPA impacts MG homeostasis at different windows of susceptibility, causing short- and long-term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalles Fernando Rocha Ruiz
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São José Do Rio Preto, Brazil.
| | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São José Do Rio Preto, Brazil.
| | - Ellen Cristina Rivas Leonel
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São José Do Rio Preto, Brazil; Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Goiânia, Brazil.
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20
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Lucia RM, Huang WL, Alvarez A, Masunaka I, Ziogas A, Goodman D, Odegaard AO, Norden-Krichmar TM, Park HL. Association of mammographic density with blood DNA methylation. Epigenetics 2021; 17:531-546. [PMID: 34116608 PMCID: PMC9067527 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2021.1928994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Altered DNA methylation may be an intermediate phenotype between breast cancer risk factors and disease. Mammographic density is a strong risk factor for breast cancer. However, no studies to date have identified an epigenetic signature of mammographic density. We performed an epigenome-wide association study of mammographic density. Methods: White blood cell DNA methylation was measured for 385 postmenopausal women using the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip array. Differential methylation was assessed using genome-wide, probe-level, and regional analyses. We implemented a resampling-based approach to improve the stability of our findings. Results: On average, women with elevated mammographic density exhibited DNA hypermethylation within CpG islands and gene promoters compared to women with lower mammographic density. We identified 250 CpG sites for which DNA methylation was significantly associated with mammographic density. The top sites were located within genes associated with cancer, including HDLBP, TGFB2, CCT4, and PAX8, and were more likely to be located in regulatory regions of the genome. We also identified differential DNA methylation in 37 regions, including within the promoters of PAX8 and PF4, a gene involved in the regulation of angiogenesis. Overall, our results paint a picture of epigenetic dysregulation associated with mammographic density. Conclusion: Mammographic density is associated with differential DNA methylation throughout the genome, including within genes associated with cancer. Our results suggest the potential involvement of several genes in the biological mechanisms behind differences in breast density between women. Further studies are warranted to explore these potential mechanisms and potential links to breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Lucia
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Wei-Lin Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Andrea Alvarez
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Irene Masunaka
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Deborah Goodman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | | | | | - Hannah Lui Park
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, USA
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Hsieh YS, Chu SC, Huang SC, Kao SH, Lin MS, Chen PN. Gossypol Reduces Metastasis and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Targeting Protease in Human Cervical Cancer. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 49:181-198. [PMID: 33371817 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the most prevalent cause of cancer-associated deaths amongst patients with cervical cancer. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is essential for carcinogenesis, and it confers metastatic properties to cancer cells. Gossypol is a natural polyphenolic compound with anti-inflammation, anti-oxidant, and anticancer activities. In this study, we investigated the antimetastatic and antitumour effects of gossypol on human cervical cancer cells (HeLa and SiHa cells). Gossypol exerted a strong inhibition effect on the migration and invasion of human cervical cancer cells. It reduced the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) pathway-mediated expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and urokinase-type plasminogen activator, subsequently inhibiting the invasion of SiHa cells. In addition, gossypol reversed EMT induced by transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-[Formula: see text]1) and up-regulated epithelial markers, such as E-cadherin but significantly suppressed Ras homolog family member (Rho)A, RhoB, and p-Samd3. The tail vein injection model showed that gossypol treatment via oral gavage reduced lung metastasis. Gossypol also decreased tumour growth in vivo in the nude mouse xenograft model. All these findings suggest that gossypol suppressed the invasion and migration of human cervical cancer cells by targeting the FAK signaling pathway and reversing TGF-[Formula: see text]1-induced EMT. Hence, gossypol warrants further attention for basic mechanistic studies and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih-Shou Hsieh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Clinical Laboratory Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shu-Chen Chu
- Institute and Department of Food Science Central Taiwan, University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Chien Huang
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shao-Hsuan Kao
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Medicine Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Meng-Shuan Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Clinical Laboratory Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Medicine Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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22
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Kour A, Sambyal V, Guleria K, Singh NR, Uppal MS, Manjari M, Sudan M. In silico pathway analysis based on chromosomal instability in breast cancer patients. BMC Med Genomics 2020; 13:168. [PMID: 33167967 PMCID: PMC7653868 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-00811-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complex genomic changes that arise in tumors are a consequence of chromosomal instability. In tumor cells genomic aberrations disrupt core signaling pathways involving various genes, thus delineating of signaling pathways can help understand the pathogenesis of cancer. The bioinformatics tools can further help in identifying networks of interactions between the genes to get a greater biological context of all genes affected by chromosomal instability. METHODS Karyotypic analyses was done in 150 clinically confirmed breast cancer patients and 150 age and gender matched healthy controls after 72 h Peripheral lymphocyte culturing and GTG-banding. Reactome database from Cytoscape software version 3.7.1 was used to perform in-silico analysis (functional interaction and gene enrichment). RESULTS Frequency of chromosomal aberrations (structural and numerical) was found to be significantly higher in patients as compared to controls. The genes harbored by chromosomal regions showing increased aberration frequency in patients were further analyzed in-silico. Pathway analysis on a set of genes that were not linked together revealed that genes HDAC3, NCOA1, NLRC4, COL1A1, RARA, WWTR1, and BRCA1 were enriched in the RNA Polymerase II Transcription pathway which is involved in recruitment, initiation, elongation and dissociation during transcription. CONCLUSION The current study employs the information inferred from chromosomal instability analysis in a non-target tissue for determining the genes and the pathways associated with breast cancer. These results can be further extrapolated by performing either mutation analysis in the genes/pathways deduced or expression analysis which can pinpoint the relevant functional impact of chromosomal instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akeen Kour
- Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Vasudha Sambyal
- Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
| | - Kamlesh Guleria
- Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Neeti Rajan Singh
- Department of Surgery, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Vallah, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Manjit Singh Uppal
- Department of Surgery, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Vallah, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Mridu Manjari
- Department of Pathology, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Vallah, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Meena Sudan
- Department of Radiotherapy, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Vallah, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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Yang J, Bahcecioglu G, Zorlutuna P. The Extracellular Matrix and Vesicles Modulate the Breast Tumor Microenvironment. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:E124. [PMID: 33050609 PMCID: PMC7712041 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7040124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has shown multiple roles of the tumor microenvironment (TME) components, specifically the extracellular matrix (ECM), in breast cancer development, progression, and metastasis. Aside from the biophysical properties and biochemical composition of the breast ECM, the signaling molecules are extremely important in maintaining homeostasis, and in the breast TME, they serve as the key components that facilitate tumor progression and immune evasion. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), the mediators that convey messages between the cells and their microenvironment through signaling molecules, have just started to capture attention in breast cancer research. In this comprehensive review, we first provide an overview of the impact of ECM in breast cancer progression as well as the alterations occurring in the TME during this process. The critical importance of EVs and their biomolecular contents in breast cancer progression and metastasis are also discussed. Finally, we discuss the potential biomedical or clinical applications of these extracellular components, as well as how they impact treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA;
| | - Gokhan Bahcecioglu
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA;
| | - Pinar Zorlutuna
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA;
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA;
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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Par-4 mediated Smad4 induction in PDAC cells restores canonical TGF-β/ Smad4 axis driving the cells towards lethal EMT. Eur J Cell Biol 2020; 99:151076. [PMID: 32439219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2020.151076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of TGF-β signaling is intricately engrossed in the pathophysiology of pancreatic adenocarcinomas (PDACs). The role of TGF-β all through pancreatic cancer initiation and progression is multifarious and somewhat paradoxical. TGF-β plays a tumor suppressive role in early-stage pancreatic cancer by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting epithelial cell cycle progression, but incites tumor promotion in late-stage by modulating genomic instability, neo-angiogenesis, immune evasion, cell motility, and metastasis. Here, we provide evidences that Par-4 acts as one of the vital mediators to regulate TGF-β/Smad4 pathway, wherein, Par-4 induction/over-expression induced EMT which was later culminated in to apoptosis in presence of TGF-β via positive regulation of Smad4. Intriguingly, Par-4-/- cells were devoid of significant Smad4 induction compared to Par-4+/+ cells in presence of TGF-β and ectopic Par-4 steadily augmented Smad4 expression by restoring TGF-β/Smad4 axis in Panc-1 cells. Further, our FACS and western blotting results unveiled that Par-4 dragged the PDAC cells to G1 arrest in presence of TGF-β byelevating p21 and p27 levels while attenuating Cyclin E and A levels and augmenting caspase 3 cleavage triggering lethal EMT. Through restoration of Smad4, we further establish that in BxPC3 cell line (Smad4-/-), Smad4 is essential for Par-4 to indulge TGF-β dependent lethal EMT program. The mechanistic relevance of Par-4 mediated Smad4 activation was additionally validated by co-immunoprecipitation wherein disruption of NM23H1-STRAP interaction by Par-4 rescues TGF-β/Smad4 pathway in PDAC and mediates the tumor suppressive role of TGF-β, therefore serving as a vital cog to restore the apoptotic functions of TGF-β pathway.
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25
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Hu C, Zhang M, Moses N, Hu CL, Polin L, Chen W, Jang H, Heyza J, Malysa A, Caruso JA, Xiang S, Patrick S, Stemmer P, Lou Z, Bai W, Wang C, Bepler G, Zhang XM. The USP10-HDAC6 axis confers cisplatin resistance in non-small cell lung cancer lacking wild-type p53. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:328. [PMID: 32382008 PMCID: PMC7206099 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2519-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 10 (USP10) stabilizes both tumor suppressors and oncogenes in a context-dependent manner. However, the nature of USP10’s role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear. By analyzing The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we have shown that high levels of USP10 are associated with poor overall survival in NSCLC with mutant p53, but not with wild-type p53. Consistently, genetic depletion or pharmacological inhibition of USP10 dramatically reduces the growth of lung cancer xenografts lacking wild-type p53 and sensitizes them to cisplatin. Mechanistically, USP10 interacts with, deubiquitinates, and stabilizes oncogenic protein histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6). Furthermore, reintroducing either USP10 or HDAC6 into a USP10-knockdown NSCLC H1299 cell line with null-p53 renders cisplatin resistance. This result suggests the existence of a “USP10-HDAC6-cisplatin resistance” axis. Clinically, we have found a positive correlation between USP10 and HDAC6 expression in a cohort of NSCLC patient samples. Moreover, we have shown that high levels of USP10 mRNA correlate with poor overall survival in a cohort of advanced NSCLC patients who received platinum-based chemotherapy. Overall, our studies suggest that USP10 could be a potential biomarker for predicting patient response to platinum, and that targeting USP10 could sensitize lung cancer patients lacking wild-type p53 to platinum-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hu
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, 4100 John R. St., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 201620, Shanghai, China
| | - Mu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, 4100 John R. St., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Niko Moses
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R. St., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Cong-Li Hu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 201620, Shanghai, China
| | - Lisa Polin
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, 4100 John R. St., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, 4100 John R. St., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Hyejeong Jang
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, 4100 John R. St., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Joshua Heyza
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R. St., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.,Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Agnes Malysa
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R. St., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Joseph A Caruso
- Proteomics Facility Core, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Scott Hall of Medical Sciences, 540 East Canfield, Room 2105, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Shengyan Xiang
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Steve Patrick
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, 4100 John R. St., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Paul Stemmer
- Proteomics Facility Core, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Scott Hall of Medical Sciences, 540 East Canfield, Room 2105, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Zhenkun Lou
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Wenlong Bai
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Chuangui Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 201620, Shanghai, China
| | - Gerold Bepler
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, 4100 John R. St., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| | - Xiaohong Mary Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, 4100 John R. St., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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26
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Perrin L, Bayarmagnai B, Gligorijevic B. Frontiers in Intravital Multiphoton Microscopy of Cancer. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2020; 3:e1192. [PMID: 32368722 PMCID: PMC7197974 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer is a highly complex disease which involves the co-operation of tumor cells with multiple types of host cells and the extracellular matrix. Cancer studies which rely solely on static measurements of individual cell types are insufficient to dissect this complexity. In the last two decades, intravital microscopy has established itself as a powerful technique that can significantly improve our understanding of cancer by revealing the dynamic interactions governing cancer initiation, progression and treatment effects, in living animals. This review focuses on intravital multiphoton microscopy (IV-MPM) applications in mouse models of cancer. Recent Findings IV-MPM studies have already enabled a deeper understanding of the complex events occurring in cancer, at the molecular, cellular and tissue levels. Multiple cells types, present in different tissues, influence cancer cell behavior via activation of distinct signaling pathways. As a result, the boundaries in the field of IV-MPM are continuously being pushed to provide an integrated comprehension of cancer. We propose that optics, informatics and cancer (cell) biology are co-evolving as a new field. We have identified four emerging themes in this new field. First, new microscopy systems and image processing algorithms are enabling the simultaneous identification of multiple interactions between the tumor cells and the components of the tumor microenvironment. Second, techniques from molecular biology are being exploited to visualize subcellular structures and protein activities within individual cells of interest, and relate those to phenotypic decisions, opening the door for "in vivo cell biology". Third, combining IV-MPM with additional imaging modalities, or omics studies, holds promise for linking the cell phenotype to its genotype, metabolic state or tissue location. Finally, the clinical use of IV-MPM for analyzing efficacy of anti-cancer treatments is steadily growing, suggesting a future role of IV-MPM for personalized medicine. Conclusion IV-MPM has revolutionized visualization of tumor-microenvironment interactions in real time. Moving forward, incorporation of novel optics, automated image processing, and omics technologies, in the study of cancer biology, will not only advance our understanding of the underlying complexities but will also leverage the unique aspects of IV-MPM for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisiane Perrin
- Department of BioengineeringTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | | | - Bojana Gligorijevic
- Department of BioengineeringTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
- Fox Chase Cancer CenterCancer Biology ProgramPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
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27
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A topological approach for cancer subtyping from gene expression data. J Biomed Inform 2020; 102:103357. [PMID: 31893527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2019.103357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene expression data contains key information which can be used for subtyping cancer patients. However, computational methods suffer from 'curse of dimensionality' due to very high dimensionality of omics data and therefore are not able to clearly distinguish between the discovered subtypes in terms of separation of survival plots. METHODS To address this we propose a framework based on Topological Mapper algorithm. The novelty of this work is that we suggest a method for defining the filter function on which the mapper algorithm heavily depends. Survival analysis of the discovered cancer subtypes is carried out and evaluated in terms of minimum pairwise separation between the Kaplan-Meier plots. Furthermore, we present a method to measure the separation between the discovered subtypes based on hazard ratios. RESULTS Five cancer genomics datasets obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas portal have been used for comparisons with Robust Sparse Correlation-Otrimle (RSC-Otrimle) algorithm and Similarity Network Fusion(SNF). Comparisons show that the minimum pairwise life expectancy difference (in days) between the discovered subtypes for lung, colon, breast, glioblastoma and kidney cancers is 107, 204, 20, 88 and 425 days, respectively, for the proposed methodology whereas it is only 69, 43, 6, 61 and 282 days for RSC-Otrimle and 9, 95, 18, 60 and 148 days for SNF. Hazard ratio analysis also shows that the proposed methodology performs better in four of the five datasets. A visual inspection of Kaplan-Meier plots reveals that the proposed methodology achieves lesser overlap in Kaplan-Meier plots especially for lung, breast and kidney cases. Furthermore, relevant genetic pathways for each subtype have been obtained and pathways which can be possible targets for treatment have been discussed. CONCLUSION The significance of this work lies in individualized understanding of cancer from patient to patient which is the backbone of Precision Medicine.
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28
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Rawat M, Kadian K, Gupta Y, Kumar A, Chain PSG, Kovbasnjuk O, Kumar S, Parasher G. MicroRNA in Pancreatic Cancer: From Biology to Therapeutic Potential. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10100752. [PMID: 31557962 PMCID: PMC6827136 DOI: 10.3390/genes10100752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive malignancies, accounting for more than 45,750 deaths annually in the U.S. alone. The aggressive nature and late diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, coupled with the limitations of existing chemotherapy, present the pressing need for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Recent reports have demonstrated a critical role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of cancer. Furthermore, aberrant expressions of miRNAs have often been associated with the cause and consequence of pancreatic cancer, emphasizing the possible use of miRNAs in the effective management of pancreatic cancer patients. In this review, we provide a brief overview of miRNA biogenesis and its role in fundamental cellular process and miRNA studies in pancreatic cancer patients and animal models. Subsequent sections narrate the role of miRNA in, (i) cell cycle and proliferation; (ii) apoptosis; (iii) invasions and metastasis; and (iv) various cellular signaling pathways. We also describe the role of miRNA's in pancreatic cancer; (i) diagnosis; (ii) prognosis and (iii) therapeutic intervention. Conclusion section describes the gist of review with future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manmeet Rawat
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Kavita Kadian
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand 263001, India.
| | - Yash Gupta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60153, USA.
| | - Anand Kumar
- Biosecurity and Public Health Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
| | - Patrick S G Chain
- Biosecurity and Public Health Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
| | - Olga Kovbasnjuk
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Suneel Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Gulshan Parasher
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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29
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Er M, Tahtaci H, Karakurt T, Onaran A. Novel Substituted Imidazo[2,1‐
b
][1,3,4]Thiadiazole Derivatives: Synthesis, Characterization, Molecular Docking Study, and Investigation of Their
In Vitro
Antifungal Activities. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Er
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceKarabuk University 78050 Karabuk Turkey
| | - Hakan Tahtaci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceKarabuk University 78050 Karabuk Turkey
| | - Tuncay Karakurt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and ArchitectureAhi Evran University 40100 Kırşehir Turkey
| | - Abdurrahman Onaran
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of AgricultureGaziosmanpasa University 60250 Tokat Turkey
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30
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Rossato VV, Silveira DA, Gupta S, Mombach JCM. Towards the contribution of the p38MAPK pathway to the dual role of TGFβ in cancer: A boolean model approach. Comput Biol Med 2018; 104:235-240. [PMID: 30530226 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2018.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) pathway is involved in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. In normal cells or in the early stages of cancer, this pathway can control proliferation stimuli by inducing cell cycle arrest or apoptosis (through the MAP-kinase protein p38MAPK), while in late stages it seems to act as a tumor promoter. This feature is known as the TGF-β dual role in cancer and it is not completely explained. This seems to arise through the accumulation of mutations in cancer development that affect the normal function of these pathways. In this work we propose a Boolean model of the crosstalk between the TGF-β, p38 MAPK and cell cycle checkpoint pathways which qualitatively describes this dual behavior. The model shows that for the wild type case, TGF-β acts as tumor supressor by inducing cell cycle arrest or apoptosis, as expected. However, the loss of function (LoF) of its two signaling proteins: SMAD2 and SMAD3 has immortalization effects due to the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway that contributes to inhibit apoptosis. In silico mutations of the model elements were compared with cell phenotypes in experiments presenting agreement. In addition, we performed a series of double gene perturbations (that simulate random deleterious mutations) to determine the main regulators of the network. The results suggest that SMAD2/3 and p38MAPK are key players in processing the network input. In addition, when the LoF of SMAD2/3 is combined with the LoF of p38MAPK and p53, cell cycle arrest is completely abrogated. In conclusion, the model allows to visualize, through in silico mutations, the dual role of TGF-β: for the wild-type case TGF-β is able to block proliferation, however deleterious mutations can impair cell cycle arrest promoting cellular proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daner A Silveira
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Shantanu Gupta
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
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31
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Viloria ME, Bravo J, Carrero Y, Mosquera JA. In situ expressions of protein 16 (p16 CDKN2A) and transforming growth factor beta-1 in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2018; 228:303-307. [PMID: 30059872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Protein 16 (p16CDKN2A) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF- β1) are important tumor suppressor molecules. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and simultaneous expression of p16CDKN2A and TGF- β1 in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer and their relationship whit the neoplasia progression. STUDY DESIGN To evaluate the expressions of p16CDKN2A and TGF- β1 an immunohistochemical study of both proteins in 75 cervical tissues (24 CIN I, 17 CIN II, 15 CIN III and 19 squamous cell cancer) was performed. RESULTS Increased expression of epithelial and stromal p16CDKN2A in all grades of CIN and cancer was observed. Healthy controls were negative. The frequency of p16CDKN2A expression in the patients was as follow: 75% in CIN I and 100% in CIN II, CIN III and cancer. TGF- β1 expression was found increased in all patients with CIN I and CIN II and decreased in CIN III and cancer; 60% of patients with CIN III and 16% with cancer showed reactivity for TGF- β1. High intensity of p16CDKN2A reactivity and low intensity of TGF- β1 reactivity were observed. CONCLUSIONS The linear frequency of p16CDKN2A expression accompanied by decreased frequency of TGF- β1 in CIN III and cancer could be involved in the neoplasia progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E Viloria
- Immunohistochemical and Molecular Pathology Laboratory, D'Empaire Clinic, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Jairo Bravo
- Anesthesiology Service, University Hospital, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Yenddy Carrero
- Health Sciences Faculty, Medicine, Ambato's Technical University, Ambato, Ecuador
| | - Jesús A Mosquera
- Clinical Investigation Institute "Dr. Américo Negrette", Faculty of Medicine, Zulia University, Maracaibo, Venezuela.
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32
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Panahi M, Yousefi Mesri N, Samuelsson EB, Coupland KG, Forsell C, Graff C, Tikka S, Winblad B, Viitanen M, Karlström H, Sundström E, Behbahani H. Differences in proliferation rate between CADASIL and control vascular smooth muscle cells are related to increased TGFβ expression. J Cell Mol Med 2018. [PMID: 29536621 PMCID: PMC5980144 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral autosomal‐dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a familial fatal progressive degenerative disorder. One of the pathological hallmarks of CADASIL is a dramatic reduction of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in cerebral arteries. Using VSMCs from the vasculature of the human umbilical cord, placenta and cerebrum of CADASIL patients, we found that CADASIL VSMCs had a lower proliferation rate compared to control VSMCs. Exposure of control VSMCs and endothelial cells (ECs) to media derived from CADASIL VSMCs lowered the proliferation rate of all cells examined. By quantitative RT‐PCR analysis, we observed increased Transforming growth factor‐β (TGFβ) gene expression in CADASIL VSMCs. Adding TGFβ‐neutralizing antibody restored the proliferation rate of CADASIL VSMCs. We assessed proliferation differences in the presence or absence of TGFβ‐neutralizing antibody in ECs co‐cultured with VSMCs. ECs co‐cultured with CADASIL VSMCs exhibited a lower proliferation rate than those co‐cultured with control VSMCs, and neutralization of TGFβ normalized the proliferation rate of ECs co‐cultured with CADASIL VSMCs. We suggest that increased TGFβ expression in CADASIL VSMCs is involved in the reduced VSMC proliferation in CADASIL and may play a role in situ in altered proliferation of neighbouring cells in the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmod Panahi
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Naeimeh Yousefi Mesri
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | - Kirsten G Coupland
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Forsell
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Caroline Graff
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Genetics Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Saara Tikka
- Medicum, Biochemistry/Developmental Biology, Meilahti Clinical Proteomics Core Facility, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Matti Viitanen
- Department of Geriatrics, Turun Kaupunginsairaala, University Hospital of Turku, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Karolinska Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Helena Karlström
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Erik Sundström
- Division of Neurodegeneration, Huddinge, Sweden.,Stockholms Sjukhem, R&D unit, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Homira Behbahani
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Huddinge, Sweden
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33
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Lebrecht A, Grimm C, Euller G, Ludwig E, Ulbrich E, Lantzsch T, Hefler L, Koelbl H. Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 Serum Levels in Patients with Preinvasive and Invasive Lesions of the Breast. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 19:236-9. [PMID: 15503826 DOI: 10.1177/172460080401900309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)1 is thought to be involved in breast carcinogenesis. TGF-β1 acts in an antiproliferative manner in the early stages of breast carcinogenesis, but promotes tumor progression and metastases in the advanced stages of the disease. No data have been published on serum TGF-β1 in breast cancer. We investigated TGF-β1 serum levels in patients with breast cancer (n=135), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) I to III (n=67) or fibroadenoma (n=35), and in healthy women (n=40) to determine its value as a differentiation marker between malignant, pre-invasive and benign diseases and as a predictive marker for metastatic spread. Median (range) TGF-β1 serum levels in patients with breast cancer, DCIS I-III or benign breast lesions and in healthy women were 48.8 (18–82.4) pg/mL, 45.3 (26.9–58.3) pg/mL, 47.2 (17.2–80.5) pg/mL and 51.6 (30.9–65.1) pg/mL, respectively (p=0.2). In breast cancer patients TGF-β1 serum levels showed no statistically significant correlation with tumor stage, lymph node involvement, histological grade, estrogen receptor status and progesterone receptor status. Our data fail to indicate any correlation between serum TGF-β1 levels and clinicopathological parameters of breast diseases. Serum TGF-β1 levels do not provide clinical information in addition to established tumor markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lebrecht
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz--Germany.
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34
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Ameri J, Borup R, Prawiro C, Ramond C, Schachter KA, Scharfmann R, Semb H. Efficient Generation of Glucose-Responsive Beta Cells from Isolated GP2 + Human Pancreatic Progenitors. Cell Rep 2017; 19:36-49. [PMID: 28380361 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapy for type 1 diabetes would benefit from implementation of a cell purification step at the pancreatic endoderm stage. This would increase the safety of the final cell product, allow the establishment of an intermediate-stage stem cell bank, and provide a means for upscaling β cell manufacturing. Comparative gene expression analysis revealed glycoprotein 2 (GP2) as a specific cell surface marker for isolating pancreatic endoderm cells (PECs) from differentiated hESCs and human fetal pancreas. Isolated GP2+ PECs efficiently differentiated into glucose responsive insulin-producing cells in vitro. We found that in vitro PEC proliferation declines due to enhanced expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors CDKN1A and CDKN2A. However, we identified a time window when reducing CDKN1A or CDKN2A expression increased proliferation and yield of GP2+ PECs. Altogether, our results contribute tools and concepts toward the isolation and use of PECs as a source for the safe production of hPSC-derived β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Ameri
- The Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, BMC, B10, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Rehannah Borup
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christy Prawiro
- The Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Cyrille Ramond
- INSERM U1016, University Paris-Descartes, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Karen A Schachter
- The Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Raphael Scharfmann
- INSERM U1016, University Paris-Descartes, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Henrik Semb
- The Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, BMC, B10, 22184 Lund, Sweden.
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Park HS, Quan KT, Han JH, Jung SH, Lee DH, Jo E, Lim TW, Heo KS, Na M, Myung CS. Rubiarbonone C inhibits platelet-derived growth factor-induced proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells through the focal adhesion kinase, MAPK and STAT3 Tyr 705 signalling pathways. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:4140-4154. [PMID: 28832962 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) induced by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) are important steps in cardiovascular diseases, including neointimal lesion formation, myocardial infarction and atherosclerosis. Here, we evaluated the rubiarbonone C-mediated signalling pathways that regulate PDGF-induced VSMC proliferation and migration. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Cell proliferation and migration were measured in cells treated with rubiarbonone C followed by PDGF BB using the MTT assay, [3 H]-thymidine incorporation, flow cytometry and wound-healing migration assay, MMP gelatin zymography, a fluorescence assay for F-actin. Western blotting of molecules including MAPK, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and STAT3 and an immunofluorescence assay using anti-PCNA and -STAT3 antibodies were performed to evaluate rubiarbonone C signalling pathway(s). The medial thickness of the carotid artery was evaluated using a mouse carotid ligation model. KEY RESULTS Rubiarbonone C inhibited PDGF-induced VSMC proliferation and migration and diminished the ligation-induced increase in medial thickness of the carotid artery. In PDGF-stimulated VSMCs rubiarbonone C decreased the following: (i) levels of cyclin-dependent kinases, cyclins, PCNA and hyperphosphorylated retinoblastoma protein; (ii) levels and activity of MMP2 and MMP9; (iii) activation of MAPK; (iv) F-actin reorganization, by reducing FAK activation; (v) activation of STAT3. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These findings suggest that rubiarbonone C inhibits the proliferation and migration of VSMCs by inhibiting the FAK, MAPK and STAT3 signalling pathways. Therefore, rubiarbonone C could be a good candidate for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Soo Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Khong Trong Quan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Standardization, National Institute of Medicinal Materials, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Joo-Hui Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sang-Hyuk Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eunji Jo
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Tae-Wan Lim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyung-Sun Heo
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon, Korea
| | - MinKyun Na
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon, Korea.,Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chang-Seon Myung
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon, Korea.,Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
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Transforming growth factor-β1 regulation of ATF-3, c-Jun and JunB proteins for activation of matrix metalloproteinase-13 gene in human breast cancer cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 94:370-377. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Xu C, Wang Z, Cui R, He H, Lin X, Sheng Y, Zhang H. Co-expression of parathyroid hormone related protein and TGF-beta in breast cancer predicts poor survival outcome. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:925. [PMID: 26597083 PMCID: PMC4655491 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1873-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Better methods to predict prognosis can play a supplementary role in administering individualized treatment for breast cancer patients. Altered expressions of PTHrP and TGF-β have been observed in various types of human cancers. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the association of PTHrP and TGF-β level with the clinicopathological features of the breast cancer patients. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to examine PTHrP and TGF-β protein expression in 497 cases of early breast cancer, and Kaplan-Meier method and COX’s Proportional Hazard Model were applied to the prognostic value of PTHrP and TGF-β expression. Results Both over-expressed TGF-β and PTHrP were correlated with the tumor in larger size, higher proportion of axillary lymph node metastasis and later clinical stage. Additionally, the tumors with a high TGF-β level developed poor differentiation, and only TGF-β expression was associated with disease-free survival (DFS) of the breast cancer patients. Followed up for a median of 48 months, it was found that only the patients with negative TGF-β expression had longer DFS (P < 0.05, log-rank test). Nevertheless, those with higher PTHrP expression tended to show a higher rate of bone metastasis (67.6 % vs. 45.8 %, P = 0.019). In ER negative subgroup, those who developed PTHrP positive expression presented poor prognosis (P < 0.05, log-rank test). The patients with both positive TGF-β and PTHrP expression were significantly associated with the high risk of metastases. As indicated by Cox’s regression analysis, TGF-β expression and the high proportion of axillary lymph node metastasis served as significant independent predictors for breast cancer recurrence. Conclusions TGF-β and PTHrP were confirmed to be involved in regulating the malignant progression in breast cancer, and PTHrP expression, to be associated with bone metastasis as a potential prognostic marker in ER negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200090, China.
| | - Zhengyuan Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200090, China.
| | - Rongrong Cui
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200090, China.
| | - Hongyu He
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200090, China.
| | - Yuan Sheng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Engström W, Darbre P, Eriksson S, Gulliver L, Hultman T, Karamouzis MV, Klaunig JE, Mehta R, Moorwood K, Sanderson T, Sone H, Vadgama P, Wagemaker G, Ward A, Singh N, Al-Mulla F, Al-Temaimi R, Amedei A, Colacci AM, Vaccari M, Mondello C, Scovassi AI, Raju J, Hamid RA, Memeo L, Forte S, Roy R, Woodrick J, Salem HK, Ryan EP, Brown DG, Bisson WH. The potential for chemical mixtures from the environment to enable the cancer hallmark of sustained proliferative signalling. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36 Suppl 1:S38-60. [PMID: 26106143 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is to review current knowledge relating the established cancer hallmark, sustained cell proliferation to the existence of chemicals present as low dose mixtures in the environment. Normal cell proliferation is under tight control, i.e. cells respond to a signal to proliferate, and although most cells continue to proliferate into adult life, the multiplication ceases once the stimulatory signal disappears or if the cells are exposed to growth inhibitory signals. Under such circumstances, normal cells remain quiescent until they are stimulated to resume further proliferation. In contrast, tumour cells are unable to halt proliferation, either when subjected to growth inhibitory signals or in the absence of growth stimulatory signals. Environmental chemicals with carcinogenic potential may cause sustained cell proliferation by interfering with some cell proliferation control mechanisms committing cells to an indefinite proliferative span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelm Engström
- Department of Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7028, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden,
| | - Philippa Darbre
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6UB, UK
| | - Staffan Eriksson
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 575, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Linda Gulliver
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 913, Dunedin 9050, New Zealand
| | - Tove Hultman
- Department of Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7028, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6UB, UK
| | - Michalis V Karamouzis
- Department of Biological Chemistry Medical School, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Biomedical Research, University of Athens, Marasli 3, Kolonaki, Athens 10676, Greece
| | - James E Klaunig
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington , 1025 E. 7th Street, Suite 111, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Rekha Mehta
- Regulatory Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, HPFB, Health Canada, 251 Sir F.G. Banting Driveway, AL # 2202C, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Kim Moorwood
- Department of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Thomas Sanderson
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Hideko Sone
- Environmental Exposure Research Section, Center for Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibraki 3058506, Japan
| | - Pankaj Vadgama
- IRC in Biomedical Materials, School of Engineering & Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Gerard Wagemaker
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Andrew Ward
- Department of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Neetu Singh
- Centre for Advanced Research, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | | | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze 50134, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Colacci
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Chiara Mondello
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - A Ivana Scovassi
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Jayadev Raju
- Regulatoty Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, HPFB, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada
| | - Roslida A Hamid
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy
| | - Stefano Forte
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy
| | - Rabindra Roy
- Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Jordan Woodrick
- Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Hosni K Salem
- Urology Dept. kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt
| | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Sciences, Colorado State University//Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins CO 80523-1680, USA and
| | - Dustin G Brown
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Sciences, Colorado State University//Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins CO 80523-1680, USA and
| | - William H Bisson
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Thacker PC, Karunagaran D. Curcumin and emodin down-regulate TGF-β signaling pathway in human cervical cancer cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120045. [PMID: 25786122 PMCID: PMC4365016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the major cause of cancer related deaths in women, especially in developing countries and Human Papilloma Virus infection in conjunction with multiple deregulated signaling pathways leads to cervical carcinogenesis. TGF-β signaling in later stages of cancer is known to induce epithelial to mesenchymal transition promoting tumor growth. Phytochemicals, curcumin and emodin, are effective as chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic compounds against several cancers including cervical cancer. The main objective of this work was to study the effect of curcumin and emodin on TGF-β signaling pathway and its functional relevance to growth, migration and invasion in two cervical cancer cell lines, SiHa and HeLa. Since TGF-β and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways are known to cross talk having common downstream targets, we analyzed the effect of TGF-β on β-catenin (an important player in Wnt/β-catenin signaling) and also studied whether curcumin and emodin modulate them. We observed that curcumin and emodin effectively down regulate TGF-β signaling pathway by decreasing the expression of TGF-β Receptor II, P-Smad3 and Smad4, and also counterbalance the tumorigenic effects of TGF-β by inhibiting the TGF-β-induced migration and invasion. Expression of downstream effectors of TGF-β signaling pathway, cyclinD1, p21 and Pin1, was inhibited along with the down regulation of key mesenchymal markers (Snail and Slug) upon curcumin and emodin treatment. Curcumin and emodin were also found to synergistically inhibit cell population and migration in SiHa and HeLa cells. Moreover, we found that TGF-β activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in HeLa cells, and curcumin and emodin down regulate the pathway by inhibiting β-catenin. Taken together our data provide a mechanistic basis for the use of curcumin and emodin in the treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Chandrakant Thacker
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Devarajan Karunagaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
- * E-mail:
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Clinical implications of miRNAs in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy of pancreatic cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 81:16-33. [PMID: 25453266 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite considerable progress being made in understanding pancreatic cancer (PC) pathogenesis, it still remains the 10th most often diagnosed malignancy in the world and 4th leading cause of cancer related deaths in the United States with a five year survival rate of only 6%. The aggressive nature, lack of early diagnostic and prognostic markers, late clinical presentation, and limited efficacy of existing treatment regimens make PC a lethal cancer with high mortality and poor prognosis. Therefore, novel reliable biomarkers and molecular targets are urgently needed to combat this deadly disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short (19-24 nucleotides) non-coding RNA molecules implicated in the regulation of gene expression at post-transcriptional level and play significant roles in various physiological and pathological conditions. Aberrant expression of miRNAs has been reported in several cancers including PC and is implicated in PC pathogenesis and progression, suggesting their utility in diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. In this review, we summarize the role of several miRNAs that regulate various oncogenes (KRAS) and tumor suppressor genes (p53, p16, SMAD4, etc.) involved in PC development, their prospective roles as diagnostic and prognostic markers and as a therapeutic targets.
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Esquivel-Velázquez M, Ostoa-Saloma P, Palacios-Arreola MI, Nava-Castro KE, Castro JI, Morales-Montor J. The role of cytokines in breast cancer development and progression. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2015; 35:1-16. [PMID: 25068787 PMCID: PMC4291218 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2014.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are highly inducible, secretory proteins that mediate intercellular communication in the immune system. They are grouped into several protein families that are referred to as tumor necrosis factors, interleukins, interferons, and colony-stimulating factors. In recent years, it has become clear that some of these proteins as well as their receptors are produced in the organisms under physiological and pathological conditions. The exact initiation process of breast cancer is unknown, although several hypotheses have emerged. Inflammation has been proposed as an important player in tumor initiation, promotion, angiogenesis, and metastasis, all phenomena in which cytokines are prominent players. The data here suggest that cytokines play an important role in the regulation of both induction and protection in breast cancer. This knowledge could be fundamental for the proposal of new therapeutic approaches to particularly breast cancer and other cancer-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Esquivel-Velázquez
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Pedro Ostoa-Saloma
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | | | - Karen E. Nava-Castro
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, SSA, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Julieta Ivonne Castro
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, SSA, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Jorge Morales-Montor
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
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Martín JMP, Freire PF, Daimiel L, Martínez-Botas J, Sánchez CM, Lasunción MÁ, Peropadre A, Hazen MJ. The antioxidant butylated hydroxyanisole potentiates the toxic effects of propylparaben in cultured mammalian cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 72:195-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Ramamoorthi G, Sivalingam N. Molecular mechanism of TGF-β signaling pathway in colon carcinogenesis and status of curcumin as chemopreventive strategy. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:7295-305. [PMID: 24668546 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1840-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the third most common cancer in man, the second most common cancer in women worldwide, and the second leading cause of mortality in the USA. There are a number of molecular pathways that have been implicated in colon carcinogenesis, including TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. TGF-β (transforming growth factor-beta) signaling pathway has the potential to regulate various biological processes including cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, extracellular matrix modeling, and immune response. TGF-β signaling pathway acts as a tumor suppressor, but alterations in TGF-β signaling pathway promotes colon cancer cell growth, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Here we review the role of TGF-β signaling cascade in colon carcinogenesis and multiple molecular targets of curcumin in colon carcinogenesis. Elucidation of the molecular mechanism of curcumin on TGF-β signaling pathway-induced colon carcinogenesis may ultimately lead to novel and more effective treatments for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Ramamoorthi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamilnadu, India,
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Lugo JP, Saiyed ZM, Lau FC, Molina JPL, Pakdaman MN, Shamie AN, Udani JK. Undenatured type II collagen (UC-II®) for joint support: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in healthy volunteers. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2013; 10:48. [PMID: 24153020 PMCID: PMC4015808 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-10-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND UC-II contains a patented form of undenatured type II collagen derived from chicken sternum. Previous preclinical and clinical studies support the safety and efficacy of UC-II in modulating joint discomfort in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and tolerability of UC-II in moderating joint function and joint pain due to strenuous exercise in healthy subjects. METHODS This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted in healthy subjects who had no prior history of arthritic disease or joint pain at rest but experienced joint discomfort with physical activity. Fifty-five subjects who reported knee pain after participating in a standardized stepmill performance test were randomized to receive placebo (n = 28) or the UC-II (40 mg daily, n = 27) product for 120 days. Joint function was assessed by changes in degree of knee flexion and knee extension as well as measuring the time to experiencing and recovering from joint pain following strenuous stepmill exertion. RESULTS After 120 days of supplementation, subjects in the UC-II group exhibited a statistically significant improvement in average knee extension compared to placebo (81.0 ± 1.3º vs 74.0 ± 2.2º; p = 0.011) and to baseline (81.0 ± 1.3º vs 73.2 ± 1.9º; p = 0.002). The UC-II cohort also demonstrated a statistically significant change in average knee extension at day 90 (78.8 ± 1.9º vs 73.2 ± 1.9º; p = 0.045) versus baseline. No significant change in knee extension was observed in the placebo group at any time. It was also noted that the UC-II group exercised longer before experiencing any initial joint discomfort at day 120 (2.8 ± 0.5 min, p = 0.019), compared to baseline (1.4 ± 0.2 min). By contrast, no significant changes were seen in the placebo group. No product related adverse events were observed during the study. At study conclusion, five individuals in the UC-II cohort reported no pain during or after the stepmill protocol (p = 0.031, within visit) as compared to one subject in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS Daily supplementation with 40 mg of UC-II was well tolerated and led to improved knee joint extension in healthy subjects. UC-II also demonstrated the potential to lengthen the period of pain free strenuous exertion and alleviate the joint pain that occasionally arises from such activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Lugo
- InterHealth Nutraceuticals, Benicia, CA 94510, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michael N Pakdaman
- Medicus Research LLC, 28720 Roadside Drive, Suite 310, Agoura Hills, CA 91301, USA
| | | | - Jay K Udani
- Medicus Research LLC, 28720 Roadside Drive, Suite 310, Agoura Hills, CA 91301, USA
- Northridge Hospital Integrative Medicine Program, Northridge, CA 91325, USA
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Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) system signals via protein kinase receptors and SMAD mediators to regulate a large number of biological processes. Alterations of the TGF-β signalling pathway are implicated in human cancer. Prior to tumour initiation and early during progression, TGF-β acts as a tumour suppressor; however, at later stages, it is often a tumour promoter. Knowledge about the mechanisms involved in TGF-β signal transduction has allowed a better understanding of cancer progression, invasion, metastasis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, several molecular targets with great potential in therapeutic interventions have been identified. This review discusses the TGF-β signalling pathway, its involvement in cancer and current therapeutic approaches.
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Curran CS, Keely PJ. Breast tumor and stromal cell responses to TGF-β and hypoxia in matrix deposition. Matrix Biol 2012; 32:95-105. [PMID: 23262216 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2012.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The components that comprise the extracellular matrix (ECM) are integral to normal tissue homeostasis as well as the development and progression of breast tumors. The secretion, construction, and remodeling of the ECM are each regulated by a complex interplay between tumor cells, fibroblasts and macrophages. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is an essential molecule in regulating the cellular production of ECM molecules and the adhesive interactions of cells with the ECM. Additionally, hypoxic cell signals, initiated by oxygen deprivation, additional metabolic factors or receptor activation, are associated with ECM formation and the progression of breast cancer. Both TGF-β and hypoxic cell signals are implicated in the functional and morphological changes of cancer-associated-fibroblasts and tumor-associated-macrophages. Moreover, the enhanced recruitment of tumor and stromal cells in response to hypoxia-induced chemokines leads to increased ECM deposition and remodeling, increased blood vessel formation, and enhanced tumor migration. Thus, elucidation of the collaborative networks between tumor and stromal cells in response to the combined signals of TGF-β and hypoxia may yield insight into treatment parameters that target both tumor and stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen S Curran
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, United States.
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47
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Al-Azayzih A, Gao F, Goc A, Somanath PR. TGFβ1 induces apoptosis in invasive prostate cancer and bladder cancer cells via Akt-independent, p38 MAPK and JNK/SAPK-mediated activation of caspases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 427:165-70. [PMID: 22989755 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings indicate that advanced stage cancers shun the tumor suppressive actions of TGFβ and inexplicably utilize the cytokine as a tumor promoter. We investigated the effect of TGFβ1 on the survival and proliferation of invasive prostate (PC3) and bladder (T24) cancer cells. Our study indicated that TGFβ1 decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis in invasive human PC3 and T24 cells via activation of p38 MAPK-JNK-Caspase9/8/3 pathway. Surprisingly, no change in the phosphorylation of pro-survival Akt kinase was observed. We postulate that TGFβ1 pathway may be utilized for specifically targeting urological cancers without inflicting side effects on normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Al-Azayzih
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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48
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Khajah MA, Al Saleh S, Mathew PM, Luqmani YA. Differential effect of growth factors on invasion and proliferation of endocrine resistant breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41847. [PMID: 22860018 PMCID: PMC3408495 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We have established several breast cancer cell lines that exhibit a permanent ER-depleted phenotype, induced by shRNA transfection of MCF-7 cells, which afford a useful model for studying acquired endocrine resistance. Previously we showed that MDA-231 as well as ER-silenced cells could invade through simulated extracellular matrix components. However, the contribution of individual serum components responsible for cell invasion was not determined. In the present study, an under-agarose gel assay was used to quantitatively assess the invasive movement of two ER-silenced cell lines (pII and YS2.5) in comparison to the parental MCF-7, the ER negative MDA-231, and normal HBL100 cells, as well as a line that was ER-shRNA transfected but failed to exhibit ER down-regulation (YS1.2). We also examined the effect of the growth factors EGF, IGF-1, TGFβ, PDGFC and RANTES on pII cell invasion and proliferation. All breast cancer cell lines which had reduced ER expression exhibited a serum-dependent invasive ability related to the degree of induced ER loss. TGFβ treatment inhibited pII cell proliferation and enhanced their invasive ability but at a relatively high dose. IGF-1 and EGF enhanced pII cell proliferation, with the latter playing the major role in promoting cell invasion. PDGFC did not affect either process although it is highly expressed in pII cells. Differential effects were observed on activation of Akt and ERK1/2 suggesting their involvement as intracellular mediators of EGF induced invasion, in part through the regulation of matrix metalloproteinase activity. Targeting EGF receptor tyrosine kinase activity by erlotinib resulted in significant inhibition of both pII cell proliferation and directional invasion towards EGF suggesting that this drug has potential therapeutic usefulness for preventing spread of particularly endocrine resistant breast cancer.
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Foster DA, Yellen P, Xu L, Saqcena M. Regulation of G1 Cell Cycle Progression: Distinguishing the Restriction Point from a Nutrient-Sensing Cell Growth Checkpoint(s). Genes Cancer 2011; 1:1124-31. [PMID: 21779436 DOI: 10.1177/1947601910392989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Most genetic changes that promote tumorigenesis involve dysregulation of G1 cell cycle progression. A key regulatory site in G1 is a growth factor-dependent restriction point (R) where cells commit to mitosis. In addition to the growth factor-dependent "R," which maps to a site about 3.5 hours after mitosis, there is another checkpoint later in G1 that is dependent on nutritional sufficiency that has also been referred to as R. However, this second site in late G1 can be distinguished both temporally and genetically from R. We are proposing that the late G1 regulatory site be more appropriately referred to as a "cell growth" checkpoint to distinguish it from R. This checkpoint, which likely has an evolutionary relationship to the yeast cell cycle checkpoint START, is regulated by signals governed by mTOR, the mammalian target of rapamycin. This review summarizes evidence that distinguishes R from the proposed cell growth checkpoint. Since both checkpoints are dysregulated in most, if not all, human cancers, distinguishing between these 2 distinct G1 regulatory checkpoints has significance for rational therapeutic strategies targeting oncogenic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Foster
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
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50
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Band AM, Laiho M. Crosstalk of TGF-β and estrogen receptor signaling in breast cancer. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2011; 16:109-15. [PMID: 21390570 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-011-9203-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-α (ERα) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathways are major regulators during mammary gland development, function and tumorigenesis. Predominantly, they have opposing roles in proliferation and apoptosis. While ERα signaling supports growth and differentiation and is antiapoptotic, mammary gland epithelia cells are very sensitive to TGF-β-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Their regulatory pathways intersect, and ERα blocks TGF-β pathway by multiple means, including direct interactions of its signaling components, Smads. However, relatively little is known of the dysfunction of their interactions in cancer. A better understanding would help to develop new strategies for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arja M Band
- Molecular Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum Helsinki and Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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