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Cheng Y, Huang Y, Zhang G, Sun J. Educating adolescents on preventing substance use: The role of 24-h movement behaviors ─ data from 2021 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2024; 57:101904. [PMID: 39260079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2024.101904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about how adhering to the health guidelines for physical activity (PA), screen time (ST), and sleep duration (SD) relates to substance use in adolescents. Thus, this study aims to explore the potential association between adherence to the 24-h movement behavior (24-h MB) guidelines and substance use among adolescents. METHODS Data from the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance was analyzed. Participants reported their weekly PA, ST, SD, and substance use (alcohol and smoking) over the past 30 days. The mean age in the total participants was 15.56, and 48.03 % of the participants were females. Logistic regression was used in this study to explore the potential association between 24-h MB and substance use. Odds ratios (ORs) were reported alongside a 95 % confidence interval to enhance understanding of the observed association. RESULTS Only 2.22 % participants adhered to all three 24-h MB guidelines, while 47.99 % did not follow any guidelines. Notably, there was no significant difference in the odds of cigarette smoking between participants who followed none of the guidelines and those who followed some or all of them. Nevertheless, adherence to one or more guidelines was found to be associated with higher odds of abstaining from alcohol consumption compared to non-adherence (one guidelines: OR = 1.17 [1.08, 1.28], two guidelines: OR = 1.28 [1.13, 1.44]). CONCLUSIONS Adhering to 24-h MB guidelines may reduce adolescents' alcohol consumption, but the adherence was not significantly associated with smoking. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings. These results can inform adolescent health policies and interventions aimed at reducing substance use from the perspective of healthy time-use behaviors, which can be used for researchers and educator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaozhong Cheng
- Academic Affairs Office, West Anhui University, Lvan, 237012, Anhui, China.
| | - Yourui Huang
- School of Electrical and Optoelectronic Engineering, West Anhui University, Lvan, 237012, Anhui, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- School of Electrical and Optoelectronic Engineering, West Anhui University, Lvan, 237012, Anhui, China
| | - Jiangang Sun
- School of Physical Education, West Anhui University, Lvan, 237012, Anhui, China
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2
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Ames ME, Robillard CL, Turner BJ, Garcia-Barrera M, Rush J, Craig SG. Associations between physical activity, affect regulation difficulties, and mental health among Canadian adolescents at two different points of the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychol Health 2024; 39:1042-1058. [PMID: 36184947 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2022.2127718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Although physical activity declined with social distancing measures and stay-at-home orders during the COVID-19 pandemic, youth who engaged in more physical activity experienced fewer mental health problems. If and how physical activity maintained its protective role throughout the ongoing pandemic remains unclear. This study models associations between three types of physical activity (indoor, outdoor, with parents), affect regulation, and anxious and depressive symptoms in two independent adolescent samples (T1: Summer 2020; T2: Winter 2020/21). Methods and Measures. Six hundred sixty-two Canadian adolescents (T1: Mage = 15.69, SD = 1.36; 52% girls; 5% trans+) and 675 Canadian adolescents (T2: Mage = 15.80, SD = 1.46; 50% girls; 6% trans+) participated in an online survey. Data included frequency of physical activity indoors, outdoors, and with parents, affect regulation difficulties, and measures of anxious and depressive symptoms. Results. Multiple-group path analysis showed indoor physical activity had an indirect effect on anxiety and depressive symptoms through affect dysregulation, but only at T1. Physical activity with parents was protective for adolescent anxiety and depressive symptoms at both T1 and T2 and had an indirect effect through affect dysregulation and suppression. Conclusion. Findings contribute to our understanding of how physical activity protects adolescent mental health, and point to strengthening family supports and recreation opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Ames
- University of Victoria, Department of Psychology, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Youth and Society, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christina L Robillard
- University of Victoria, Department of Psychology, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brianna J Turner
- University of Victoria, Department of Psychology, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Youth and Society, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Jonathan Rush
- University of Victoria, Department of Psychology, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephanie G Craig
- York University, LaMarsh Centre for Child and Youth Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Zeng X, He W. Exploring adolescent participation in football: a gender-differentiated structural equation model based on the theory of planned behavior. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1387420. [PMID: 39118853 PMCID: PMC11307775 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1387420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper explores the intersection of gender and sports participation in adolescence, focusing on traditionally male-dominated sports like football. We aim to develop a structural model based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to examine gender-differentiated patterns and factors influencing adolescent participation in football. We analyzes data from 1,147 adolescents using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results indicate that a blend of attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and past behavior effectively predicts adolescents' willingness to engage in football. Moreover, the study investigates the roles of perceived behavioral control, past behavior, and behavioral intentions in actual football participation, uncovering significant gender disparities in the progression from past behavior to intentions and subsequent behavior. This research highlights the complex role of gender in football participation and provides strategic insights for increasing girls' involvement in the sport. Our study sets the stage for future research on enhancing girls' participation in football.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiancheng Zeng
- Graduate School, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Education and Psychology, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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Bruijns BA, Bourke M, Saravanamuttoo K, Tucker P. Physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep knowledge and self-efficacy among parents of young children in Canada. JOURNAL OF ACTIVITY, SEDENTARY AND SLEEP BEHAVIORS 2024; 3:12. [PMID: 38764474 PMCID: PMC11101324 DOI: 10.1186/s44167-024-00051-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Background Engaging in healthy movement behaviours in early childhood is beneficial for children's development, and parents play a critical role in shaping movement habits during these formative years. This study aimed to explore parents' knowledge of the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for the Early Years (The Guidelines) and their perceived knowledge and self-efficacy of movement behaviour concepts in early childhood. The influence of sociodemographic characteristics on these variables was also examined. Methods Via a cross-sectional online survey with parents/guardians (n = 576) of young children in Canada, participants' knowledge of The Guidelines (11 items), and perceived knowledge (11 items; 5-point scale) and self-efficacy (11 items; 11-point scale) of movement behaviour concepts in early childhood were examined. Descriptive statistics were calculated for independent variables and multivariate regression models were estimated to examine sociodemographic factors that were associated with participants' knowledge and self-efficacy. Results Few participants (11.9%) reported to be familiar with The Guidelines. Parents were most knowledgeable about the screen time guideline for children under 2 years (75.0% correctly identified the guideline) and least familiar with the recommendation for toddler/preschooler total physical activity (14.7% correctly identified the guideline). Parents/guardians perceived they were the most knowledgeable about safe sleep practices (65.9% very/extremely knowledgeable) and least knowledgeable about muscle- and bone-strengthening activities (71.8% not at all/somewhat knowledgeable). Overall, parents/guardians were moderately confident in promoting healthy movement behaviours (M = 6.01; SD = 1.73). Participants with higher levels of education reported significantly higher perceived knowledge compared to those who were less educated (p = .004), and parents/guardians identifying as White reported significantly higher levels of self-efficacy compared to parents/guardians from minority ethnic groups (p = .028). Finally, parents/guardians who were more physically active reported both higher perceived knowledge (p < .001) and self-efficacy (p < .001) than those who were less active. Conclusion These findings shed light on the need to raise awareness of The Guidelines among parents of young children and highlight specific movement behaviour concepts in need of focus in future training for this population. Targeted education for parents/guardians from lower socioeconomic groups is also needed to address equity concerns. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s44167-024-00051-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianne A. Bruijns
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, 1201 Western Road, Elborn College, Room 2547, London, ON N6G 1H1 Canada
| | - Matthew Bourke
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, 1201 Western Road, Elborn College, Room 2547, London, ON N6G 1H1 Canada
- Health and Wellbeing Centre for Research Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Kendall Saravanamuttoo
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, 1201 Western Road, Elborn College, Room 2547, London, ON N6G 1H1 Canada
| | - Patricia Tucker
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, 1201 Western Road, Elborn College, Room 2547, London, ON N6G 1H1 Canada
- Children’s Health Research Institute, London, ON Canada
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Poirier K, Gauvin L, Haddad S, Bélanger RE, Leatherdale ST, Turcotte-Tremblay AM. Evolution of Sleep Duration and Screen Time Between 2018 and 2022 Among Canadian Adolescents: Evidence of Drifts Accompanying the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Adolesc Health 2024; 74:980-988. [PMID: 38340126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE We quantified the joint evolution of sleep duration and screen time between 2018 and 2022 in a large sample of adolescents from Quebec, Canada, to ascertain changes that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A natural experiment design was used to compare variations from year to year and in association with the pandemic outbreak. Using structural equation modeling on data collected between 2018 and 2022 among adolescents attending 63 high schools, we analyzed the joint evolution of sleep duration and screen time while adjusting for previous year values, concurrent flourishing score, sex, age, and family level of material deprivation. RESULTS A total of 28,307 adolescents, aged on average 14.9 years, were included in the analyses. Between 2019 and 2022, sleep duration increased by 9.6 (5.7, 13.5) minutes and screen time by 129.2 (120.5, 138.0) minutes on average. In 2022, the adolescents spent almost equal amounts of time sleeping and using screens. Lower flourishing scores were associated with shorter sleep duration and lengthier screen time. Girls' screen time became similar to boys' over time. DISCUSSION Adolescents now spend almost equal amounts of time sleeping and using screens, a situation that calls for urgent public health actions. These findings highlight the importance of tracking changes in adolescents' behaviours over time, to design and implement interventions adapted to the changing health needs of different groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystel Poirier
- Centre de Recherche VITAM, CIUSSS de la Capitale-Nationale, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lise Gauvin
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Slim Haddad
- Centre de Recherche VITAM, CIUSSS de la Capitale-Nationale, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Richard E Bélanger
- Centre de Recherche VITAM, CIUSSS de la Capitale-Nationale, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine - Université Laval, Ferdinand Vandry Pavillon, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Turcotte-Tremblay
- Centre de Recherche VITAM, CIUSSS de la Capitale-Nationale, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Faculty of Nursing, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
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Brennan C, O’Donoghue G, Keogh A, Rhodes RE, Matthews J. "It's what mothers do." A qualitative exploration of mothers' experiences of supporting their daughter to be physically active. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299260. [PMID: 38558034 PMCID: PMC10984520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Girls are more at risk than boys of the non-communicable diseases associated with insufficient levels of physical activity (PA), therefore it is important to explore the reasons why girls maintain or cease to be physically active. Maternal support plays an important role in girl's PA, yet the factors influencing mothers' support of their PA have received limited exploration. In response, the aim of this study was to explore, mothers' experiences of supporting their daughters to be physically active and their perceptions of the factors that might influence these experiences. METHOD Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of mothers (n = 29) of girls (Mean age = 10.9 years; SD = 0.6). Reflexive Thematic Analysis was used to analyse the data, with themes mapped to the relevant domains of the Theoretical Domains Framework. RESULTS Themes highlighted how mothers described providing PA support as an inherent part of their parental role and how their role was influenced by their own PA identity. Mothers recognised that the type and amount of support they provided was impacted by the community setting in which they lived. Mothers acknowledged how the role of others (e.g., partners, grandparents, peers) added a layer of complexity to supporting their daughters to be active. CONCLUSION This study advances our understanding of maternal PA support behaviours recognising the complex interplay of individual, social and environmental factors. Additionally, the use of the Theoretical Domains Framework presents an in-depth behavioural diagnosis which can be used to inform future theory-based interventions to promote parent support of children's PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Brennan
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Grainne O’Donoghue
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alison Keogh
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ryan E. Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - James Matthews
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Institute of Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Rhodes RE, Hollman H, Sui W. Family-based physical activity interventions and family functioning: A systematic review. FAMILY PROCESS 2024; 63:392-413. [PMID: 36748347 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Family physical activity (PA) can confer multiple health benefits, yet whether PA interventions affect general family functioning has not been appraised. The purpose of this review was to evaluate studies that have examined the effect of family PA interventions, where child PA was the focus of the intervention, on constructs of family functioning. Literature searches were concluded on January 11, 2022 using seven common databases. Eligible studies were in English, utilized a family PA intervention, and assessed a measure of family functioning as a study outcome. The initial search yielded 8413 hits, which was reduced to 20 independent PA interventions of mixed quality after screening for eligibility criteria. There was mixed evidence for whether family PA interventions affected overall family functioning; however, analyses of subdomains indicated that family cohesion is improved by PA interventions when children are in the early school years (aged 5-12). High-quality studies also showed an impact of family PA interventions on family organization. Targeted interventions at specific family subsystems (e.g., father-son, mother-daughter), characteristics (low-income, clinical populations, girls), and broad multibehavioral interventions may have the most reliable effects. Overall, the findings show that family PA interventions can promote family cohesion and organization, particularly among families with children in the early school years. Higher quality research, employing randomized trial designs and targeting specific intervention and sample characteristics (e.g., different clinical conditions, specific parent-child dyads), is recommended in order to better ascertain the effectiveness of these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E Rhodes
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Wuyou Sui
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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Kopp PM, Möhler E, Gröpel P. Physical activity and mental health in school-aged children: a prospective two-wave study during the easing of the COVID-19 restrictions. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2024; 18:4. [PMID: 38172986 PMCID: PMC10765890 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00695-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because physical activity (PA) has many benefits for children's and adolescents' mental health, it has been suggested that PA may be an effective strategy to physically and mentally recover from the COVID-19 pandemic. This study tested the reciprocal relationship between PA and mental health during the easing of COVID-19 restrictions. It was hypothesized that mental health during the pandemic would determine how much children and adolescents re-engage in PA after easing the restrictions. Furthermore, it was hypothesized that PA engagement would predict mental health improvement after the pandemic. METHODS This was a prospective study with two measurement occasions. Pretest data collection was undertaken in February 2022, shortly before German authorities eased and lifted the COVID-19 restrictions. The follow-up (posttest) occurred six weeks later (April 2022). Both times, a sample of elementary and grammar school students aged 6 to 18 years (N = 170) reported their mental health problems and health-related quality of life. Mental health problems were assessed with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and health-related quality of life was assessed with the KIDSCREEN-52 questionnaire. PA was measured continuously during the study period using smart electronic devices with a built-in pedometer. RESULTS PA gradually increased after the easing of COVID-19 restrictions (p < .001). This increase was unrelated to pretest mental health problems and health-related quality of life except for emotional symptoms (p = .041). Participants with higher emotional symptoms showed a sharper increase in PA towards the end of the study period. Furthermore, hyperactivity decreased (p = .004) and physical well-being (p = .004), perceived autonomy (p < .001), and perceived quality of school environment (p = .008) improved from before to after the easing of restrictions, yet participants' PA predicted none of these changes. CONCLUSIONS The adverse effects of COVID-19 containment on PA seem to alleviate after children and adolescents are allowed to return to schools. This is likely to be due to the school setting, which provides many different opportunities for formal and informal PA rather than students' mental health. School-related PA programs should be part of children's and adolescents' recovery from the pandemic .
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp M Kopp
- Saarland University Hospital (UKS), Homburg, Germany.
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Saarland University Hospital (UKS), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Eva Möhler
- Saarland University Hospital (UKS), Homburg, Germany
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Saarland University Hospital (UKS), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Peter Gröpel
- University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Sport Psychology, Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Vanderloo LM, Saravanamuttoo K, Bourke M, Zhong S, Szpunar M, Gilliland J, Burke SM, Irwin JD, Truelove S, Tucker P. Parents' attitudes regarding their children's play during COVID-19: Impact of socioeconomic status and urbanicity. SSM Popul Health 2023; 24:101549. [PMID: 38021457 PMCID: PMC10661847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on the daily routines of parents and children. This study explored the influence of socioeconomic status (SES) and urbanicity on parents' attitudes toward their children's active play opportunities 6 months and 1.5 years into COVID-19. Methods A sample of 239 Ontario parents of children aged 12 and younger completed two online surveys (August-December 2020; 2021) to assess parents' intentions, beliefs, and comforts concerning their child's eventual return to play, in addition to various sociodemographic and physical activity variables. Descriptive analyses were run as well as an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to group the 14 attitude items into subscales for analysis, to ensure reliability and validity of attitude measures. Results In general, parents in communities with more urban features (e.g., densely populated areas), single-parents, full-time employed parents, and parents with lower-incomes were more hesitant to return their children to active play during the pandemic. Conclusion Findings from this work highlight SES and urbanicity disparities that continue to exist during COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh M. Vanderloo
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, Elborn College, 1201 Western Road, Room 2547, London, ON, N6G 1H1, Canada
- ParticipACTION, 77 Bloor Street West, Suite 1205, Toronto, ON, M5S 1M2, Canada
| | - Kendall Saravanamuttoo
- Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Matthew Bourke
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, Elborn College, 1201 Western Road, Room 2547, London, ON, N6G 1H1, Canada
| | - Shiran Zhong
- Department of Geography and Environment, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6G 1H1, Canada
| | - Monika Szpunar
- Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Jason Gilliland
- Department of Geography and Environment, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6G 1H1, Canada
- School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 1H1, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6C 2R5, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6G 1H1, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6G 1H1, Canada
| | - Shauna M. Burke
- School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 1H1, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6C 2R5, Canada
| | - Jennifer D. Irwin
- School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 1H1, Canada
| | - Stephanie Truelove
- Member Interest Groups Section, Professional Development and Practice Support, College of Family Physicians of Canada, Mississauga, ON, L4W 5A4, Canada
| | - Patricia Tucker
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, Elborn College, 1201 Western Road, Room 2547, London, ON, N6G 1H1, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6C 2R5, Canada
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Kim J, Hwang IW, Park JH, Kim Y, Lee JM. Effects of COVID-19 outbreak on Korean adolescents: Impact of altered economic perception on physical activity, sedentary behavior, and stress levels in an age-, gender-, and BMI-matched study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294270. [PMID: 37956137 PMCID: PMC10642811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study is to examine the disparities in physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and stress levels in Korean adolescents concerning changes in their perception of family economic status (ES) during COVID-19. Among a total of 6144 Korean adolescents aged 12 to 18, the participants were categorized into two groups based on their responses regarding changes in their family ES due to COVID-19: Declined ES (n = 3072) and Non-changed ES (n = 3072), with matching in terms of age, gender, and BMI. All variables were assessed using the 16th year (2020) of the Korean Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Statistical analyses were conducted using the SPSS 26.0 version, employing independent t-tests to examine anthropometrics' differences and multinominal logistic regression to predict the impact of perception of family ES on PA, SB, and stress while comparing the two groups. The significance level was set at α = 0.05. Adolescents in the Declined ES group were 1.2 times more likely to engage in MVPA for less than 420 mins/wk (OR = 1.16, p = 0.039), 1.7 times more likely to meet recommended muscular strength activities (i.e., ≥ 3 days/wk) (OR = 1.70, p < 0.001), 37% less likely to not meet recommended recreational sitting time (i.e., ≥ 840 mins/wk) (OR = 0.63, p < 0.01), and were 2.1 times more likely to experience very severe stress level than the Non-changed ES group (p < 0.001). These results shed light on the importance of promoting mental health care in adolescents, regardless of PA levels, for their well-being during potential future pandemics. Understanding the impact of perceived ES changes on health behaviors can inform targeted interventions and support strategies to improve the mental health outcomes of adolescents during challenging times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisu Kim
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - In-Whi Hwang
- Graduate School of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University (Global Campus), Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Sports Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University (Global Campus), Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hui Park
- School of Public Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, United States of America
| | - Youngdeok Kim
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Graduate School of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University (Global Campus), Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Sports Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University (Global Campus), Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Zhang D, Chen S, López-Gil JF, Hong J, Wang F, Liu Y. 24-Hour movement behaviours research during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic scoping review. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2188. [PMID: 37936168 PMCID: PMC10631189 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17136-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Many studies examining 24-hour movement behaviours based on the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines (24HMG) have been published during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, no comprehensive reviews summarized and synthesized the evidence concerning studies using 24HMG. The aim of this scoping review was to synthesize the evidence from the 24HMG studies published during the pandemic. METHODS Three electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, EBSCO) were utilized to conduct a literature search. The search procedure adhered to the guidelines set by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Initially, a total of 1339 research articles published in peer-reviewed journals were screened. After eliminating 461 duplicates, 878 articles remained. The titles and/or abstracts of these articles were then cross-checked, and 25 articles were included. Subsequently, two authors independently assessed full-text of articles based on the pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in the final selection of 16 articles that met the inclusion criteria. Study characteristics (e.g., study population, study design, measurement) were extracted and then summarized. According to the Viable Integrative Research in Time-use Research (VIRTUE) epidemiology, the included studies were further classified into different but interrelated study domains (e.g., composition, determinants, health outcomes). RESULTS The majority of included articles focused on children and adolescents as study population. This study primarily demonstrated that a low prevalence of meeting the 24HMG among children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. There has been a decline in the percentage of individuals meeting the 24HMG compared to the pre-COVID-19 period. The majority of included studies focused on sociodemographic factors when examining the correlates of meeting the 24HMG, while a few studies assessed factors of other domains, such as social, cultural, and environmental aspects. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on healthy 24-hour movement behaviours in children and adolescents. In conjunction with the studies conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, more studies were encouraged to explore the correlates of meeting the 24HMG and the associated health benefits in wider ranges of populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqing Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Sitong Chen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia
| | | | - Jintao Hong
- Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science (Shanghai Anti-doping Agency), Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Kun Shan Lu Jia Senior High School, Jiangsu, 215331, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
- Shanghai Research Centre for Physical Fitness and Health of Children and Adolescents, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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12
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Li B, Ng K, Tong X, Zhou X, Ye J, Yu JJ. Physical activity and mental health in children and youth during COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:92. [PMID: 37468975 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00629-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and universal mitigation strategies have fundamentally affected peoples' lives worldwide, particularly during the first two years of the pandemic. Reductions in physical activity (PA) and increased mental health (MH) problems among children and youth have been observed. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the relationship between physical activity (PA) and mental health (MH) among children and youth during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Four electronic databases (EMBASE, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science) were systematically searched to identify studies that (1) examined the relationship between PA and MH among children and youth (aged 2-24 years old) and (2) were published in peer-reviewed journals in English between January 2020 and December 2021. Relationships between PA and two MH aspects (i.e., negative and positive psychological responses) among children and youth at different age ranges and those with disabilities or chronic conditions (DCC) were synthesized. Meta-analyses were also performed for eligible studies to determine the pooled effect size. RESULTS A total of 58 studies were eventually included for variable categorization, with 32 eligible for meta-analyses. Our synthesis results showed that greater PA participation was strongly related to lower negative psychological responses (i.e., anxiety, depression, stress, insomnia, fatigue, and mental health problems) and higher positive psychological responses (i.e., general well-being and vigor) in children and youth during COVID-19. The pattern and strength of relations between PA and MH outcomes varied across age ranges and health conditions, with preschoolers and those with DCC receiving less attention in the existing research. Meta-analysis results showed that the magnitude of associations of PA with negative (Fisher's z = - 0.198, p < 0.001) and positive (Fisher's z = 0.170, p < 0.001) psychological responses among children and youth was weak. These results were linked to age of participants, study quality, and reporting of PA-related information. CONCLUSIONS PA participation and MH among children and youth deteriorated during the COVID-19 pandemic and were closely associated with each other. For the post-COVID-19 era, additional research on age- and health condition-specific relationships between PA and MH outcomes from a comprehensive perspective is warranted. (Word count: 344 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Li
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kwok Ng
- Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Faculty of Education, University of Turku, Rauma, Finland
- School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Xiuhong Tong
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiangchuan Ye
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jane Jie Yu
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Muhajarine N, Pisolkar V, Hinz T, Adeyinka DA, McCutcheon J, Alaverdashvili M, Damodharan S, Dena I, Jurgens C, Taras V, Green K, Kallio N, Palmer-Clarke Y. Mental Health and Health-Related Quality of Life of Children and Youth during the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results from a Cross-Sectional Survey in Saskatchewan, Canada. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1009. [PMID: 37371243 PMCID: PMC10297117 DOI: 10.3390/children10061009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
For children and youth, the COVID-19 pandemic surfaced at a critical time in their development. Children have experienced extended disruptions to routines including in-person schooling, physical activities, and social interactions-things that bring meaning and structure to their daily lives. We estimated the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms of children and youth and their experiences of health-related quality of life (HRQoL), during the first year of the pandemic, and identified factors related to these outcomes. Further, we examined these effects among ethnocultural minority families. We conducted an online survey (March-July 2021) with 510 children and youth aged 8-18 years and their parents/caregivers. The sample was representative of the targeted population. We modelled the relationship between anxiety, depression (measured using the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale), HRQoL (measured using KIDSCREEN-10), and sociodemographic, behavioural, and COVID-19-contributing factors using binary logistic regression. A priori-selected moderating effects of sociodemographic characteristics and self-identified ethnocultural minority groups on the outcomes were tested. The point-in-time prevalence of medium-to-high anxiety symptoms and depression symptoms was 10.19% and 9.26%, respectively. Almost half (49.15%) reported low-to-moderate HRQoL. Children reporting medium-to-high anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, and low-to-moderate HRQoL were more likely to be aged 8-11 years, 16-18 years, ethnocultural minority participants, living in rural/urban areas, having good/fair MH before COVID-19, experiencing household conflicts, having less physical activity, and having ≥3 h of recreational screen time. Those who had more people living at home and ≥8 h of sleep reported low anxiety and depression symptoms. Ethnocultural minority 16-18-year-olds were more likely to report low-to-moderate HRQoL, compared to 12-15-year-olds. Additionally, 8-11-year-olds, 16-18-year-olds with immigrant parents, and 16-18-year-olds with Canadian-born parents were more likely to report low-moderate HRQoL, compared to 12-15-year-olds. Children and youth MH and HRQoL were impacted during the pandemic. Adverse MH outcomes were evident among ethnocultural minority families. Our results reveal the need to prioritize children's MH and to build equity-driven, targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazeem Muhajarine
- Saskatchewan Population Health and Evaluation Research Unit (SPHERU), University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada; (V.P.); (D.A.A.); (I.D.); (Y.P.-C.)
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Vaidehi Pisolkar
- Saskatchewan Population Health and Evaluation Research Unit (SPHERU), University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada; (V.P.); (D.A.A.); (I.D.); (Y.P.-C.)
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Tamara Hinz
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada; (T.H.); (M.A.); (S.D.)
- Saskatchewan Health Authority, 701 Queen Street, Saskatoon, SK S7K 0M7, Canada
| | - Daniel A. Adeyinka
- Saskatchewan Population Health and Evaluation Research Unit (SPHERU), University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada; (V.P.); (D.A.A.); (I.D.); (Y.P.-C.)
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Jessica McCutcheon
- Canadian Hub for Applied and Social Research (CHASR), University of Saskatchewan, 9 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A5, Canada;
| | - Mariam Alaverdashvili
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada; (T.H.); (M.A.); (S.D.)
| | - Senthil Damodharan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada; (T.H.); (M.A.); (S.D.)
| | - Isabelle Dena
- Saskatchewan Population Health and Evaluation Research Unit (SPHERU), University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada; (V.P.); (D.A.A.); (I.D.); (Y.P.-C.)
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Christa Jurgens
- EGADZ Saskatoon Downtown Youth Centre Inc., 1st Avenue North, Saskatoon, SK S7K 1X5, Canada
| | - Victoria Taras
- Saskatchewan Teachers’ Federation, 2317 Arlington Avenue, Saskatoon, SK S7J 2H8, Canada
| | - Kathryn Green
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Natalie Kallio
- Saskatchewan Population Health and Evaluation Research Unit (SPHERU), University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada; (V.P.); (D.A.A.); (I.D.); (Y.P.-C.)
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Yolanda Palmer-Clarke
- Saskatchewan Population Health and Evaluation Research Unit (SPHERU), University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada; (V.P.); (D.A.A.); (I.D.); (Y.P.-C.)
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
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Seal E, Vu J, Winfield A, Fenesi B. Impact of COVID-19 on Physical Activity in Families Managing ADHD and the Cyclical Effect on Worsening Mental Health. Brain Sci 2023; 13:887. [PMID: 37371367 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13060887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity supports symptom management in children with ADHD and reduces the mental health burden associated with caregiving for children with ADHD. Survey-based research shows that COVID-19 reduced physical activity among diverse populations. This study used a qualitative approach situated within a socioecological framework to (1) understand how COVID-19 impacted physical activity of children with ADHD and their caregivers, to (2) identify barriers to their physical activity, and to (3) identify potential areas of support. Thirty-three participants were interviewed between October 2020 and January 2021. Content analysis revealed that physical activity declined for children and caregivers; significant barriers were social isolation and rising intrapersonal difficulties such as diminishing self-efficacy and energy levels and increased mental health difficulties. Worsening mental health further alienated caregivers and children from physical activity, undermining its protective effects on ADHD symptom management and mental wellbeing. Participants identified needing community support programs that offer virtual, live physical activity classes as well as psycho-emotional support groups. There is vital need to support physical activity opportunities during high-stress situations in families managing ADHD to buffer against diminishing mental wellbeing. This will promote further physical activity engagement and allow families to reap the cognitive, psychological, and emotional benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Seal
- Faculty of Education, Western University, London, ON N6G 1G7, Canada
| | - Julie Vu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada
| | - Alexis Winfield
- Faculty of Education, Western University, London, ON N6G 1G7, Canada
| | - Barbara Fenesi
- Faculty of Education, Western University, London, ON N6G 1G7, Canada
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Szpunar M, Bourke M, Vanderloo LM, Bruijns BA, Truelove S, Burke SM, Gilliland J, Irwin JD, Tucker P. Parent-Reported Changes in Ontario Children's Physical Activity Levels during the COVID-19 Pandemic. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10020221. [PMID: 36832350 PMCID: PMC9954678 DOI: 10.3390/children10020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in closures of physical-activity-supporting environments, including playgrounds, outdoor recreation facilities (e.g., basketball courts), and community centers, which impacted children's movement opportunities. This study evaluated changes in Ontario children's physical activity levels during the COVID-19 pandemic and explored the impact of family sociodemographic markers on children's activity. Parents (n = 243; Mage = 38.8 years) of children aged 12 and under (n = 408; Mage = 6.7 years) living in Ontario, Canada, completed two online surveys between August and December 2020 (survey 1) and August and December 2021 (survey 2). Generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to estimate changes in the proportion of children who accumulated 60 min of physical activity per day pre-lockdown, during lockdown, and post-lockdown in Ontario. Results revealed a significant non-linear trajectory whereby the proportion of children achieving 60 min of physical activity per day pre-lockdown (63%) declined during lockdown (21%) and then increased post-lockdown (54%). Changes in the proportion of children engaging in 60 min of daily physical activity were moderated by several demographic variables. Efforts are needed to provide parents of young children with a wider variety of resources to ensure children are obtaining sufficient levels of physical activity regardless of the presence of community lockdowns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Szpunar
- Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 1H1, Canada
| | - Matthew Bourke
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 1H1, Canada
| | - Leigh M. Vanderloo
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 1H1, Canada
- ParticipACTION, 77 Bloor Street West, Suite 1205, Toronto, ON M5S 1M2, Canada
| | - Brianne A. Bruijns
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 1H1, Canada
| | - Stephanie Truelove
- Member Interest Groups Section, Professional Development and Practice Support, College of Family Physicians of Canada, Mississauga, ON L4W 5A4, Canada
| | - Shauna M. Burke
- School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 1H1, Canada
- Children’s Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6C 2R5, Canada
| | - Jason Gilliland
- School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 1H1, Canada
- Children’s Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6C 2R5, Canada
- Department of Geography and Environment, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 1H1, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 1H1, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 1H1, Canada
| | - Jennifer D. Irwin
- School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 1H1, Canada
| | - Patricia Tucker
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 1H1, Canada
- Children’s Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6C 2R5, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Li L, Liao J, Fu H, Zong B. The association between sedentary behavioral characteristics and poor vision among Chinese children and adolescents. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1043977. [PMID: 36544800 PMCID: PMC9760758 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1043977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction To understand the features of sedentary behavior of Chinese children and adolescents and its relationship with poor visual acuity, a self-administered "Questionnaire on Sedentary Behavior of Children and Adolescents" was used to survey 4,203 students in grades 4-12 in six administrative regions of China. Results (1) The average time spent in sedentary behaviors (SB) of Chinese children and adolescents was about 8.1 h per day, of which the academic sedentary time was the longest, accounting for 79.2% of total sedentary time. The total time spent on SB and the time spent on studying SB were more in the upper grades and less in screen SB and cultural leisure SB, respectively. There were significant sex differences in total SB time (p < 0.05) and weekend sedentary behaviors time (SB-WD) (p < 0.01) among Chinese children and adolescents, with girls being more likely to be higher than boys. There were also significant differences in sedentary time across different regions (p < 0.05), and the longest total sedentary time in East China. (2) Reduction parents' sedentary time and limitation of sedentary behaviors and the use of electronics among children and adolescents can effectively reduce sedentary time among Chinese children and adolescents. (3) Sedentary time was significantly higher in children and adolescents with poor vision than in those with normal vision (p < 0.01), and study SB and screen SB were important independent factors affecting vision. (4) Timing of breaks in SB can play a positive role in promoting vision health. Conclusion There were significant grade, sex, and regional differences in the SB of Chinese children and adolescents, and sedentary time was strongly related to the prevalence of poor vision detection rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China,College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Lin Li
| | - Jinjin Liao
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China,College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Fu
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China,College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Boyi Zong
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China,College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Adherence to Combined Healthy Movement Behavior Guidelines among Adolescents: Effects on Cardiometabolic Health Markers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148798. [PMID: 35886650 PMCID: PMC9319843 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: The combined movement behavior guidelines for adolescents recommend ≥60 min of moderate to vigorous physical activity, ≤2 h of screen time, and 8–10 h of sleep. Considering that the information available on this topic in the young Latin American population is rare, this study aimed to identify the proportion of a sample of Brazilian adolescents meeting individual guidelines as well as the combination of the three healthy movement behavior guidelines. In addition, another objective of the study was to examine the effects of compliance with these guidelines on cardiometabolic health markers. Methods: This is a cross-sectional school-based study, with the participation of 306 adolescents aged 14 to 18 years. A questionnaire with structured questions was applied to collect data on physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration. Cardiometabolic health was assessed by the calculation of a continuous risk score, including twelve markers related to body fat, blood pressure, plasma lipids and lipoproteins, glycemia, and insulin. Results: Only 4.8% (4.3–5.4) of the adolescents met the three healthy movement behavior guidelines, while 9.3% (8.4–10.4) of the sample did not meet any of the guidelines. No significant difference between sexes was found in the simultaneous compliance of the three movement guidelines. Adolescents who did not meet any of the movement guidelines were twice as likely to have higher cardiometabolic risk (OR = 2.05 (1.41–3.17)) than their peers who met all three guidelines. Conclusions: Considering the high proportion of adolescents who did not meet the movement behavior guidelines and the negative effects on cardiometabolic health, it is suggested that future policies and interventions should consider an integrated and holistic approach aimed at simultaneous actions of maximizing physical activity, minimizing screen time, and ensuring sufficient sleep duration.
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Zhou L, Liang W, He Y, Duan Y, Rhodes RE, Liu H, Liang H, Shi X, Zhang J, Cheng Y. Relationship of 24-Hour Movement Behaviors with Weight Status and Body Composition in Chinese Primary School Children: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:8586. [PMID: 35886438 PMCID: PMC9319103 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
24 h movement behaviors, specifically physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior, and sleep, play a crucial role in the prevention and intervention of childhood obesity. This study aimed to examine the association of 24 h movement behaviors with weight status and body composition among Chinese primary school children. Using a random stratified sampling, 978 eligible participants (9.1 ± 1.4 years, 53.2% boys) were recruited from 1 May to 15 July 2021. Demographics included children's age, gender, grade, parents' education level, and household income. Movement behaviors were measured by validated self-reported scales. Weight status and body composition (percent of body fat, PBF; fat-free mass, FFM; skeletal muscle mass, SMM) were measured objectively. Results indicated that participants who were younger, boys, and at lower grade showed higher guidelines adherence. PA was inversely associated with PBF, while screen time (ST) was positively associated with overweight/obesity risk and FFM. Sleep showed no association with any health indicators. Meeting the behavioral guidelines was associated with better weight status and lower PBF, yet not with FFM and SMM. Interventions to improve the Children's weight status and PBF should involve enhancing their overall movement behaviors and considering their demographic differences. More research on examining the association of movement guidelines adherence with body composition indicators is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- School of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China; (L.Z.); (H.L.); (H.L.); (X.S.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Measurement and Evaluation in Exercise Bioinformation of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050024, China;
| | - Wei Liang
- Center for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.L.); (Y.D.)
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yuxiu He
- School of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China; (L.Z.); (H.L.); (H.L.); (X.S.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Measurement and Evaluation in Exercise Bioinformation of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050024, China;
| | - Yanping Duan
- Center for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.L.); (Y.D.)
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ryan E. Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada;
| | - Hao Liu
- School of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China; (L.Z.); (H.L.); (H.L.); (X.S.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Measurement and Evaluation in Exercise Bioinformation of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050024, China;
| | - Hongmei Liang
- School of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China; (L.Z.); (H.L.); (H.L.); (X.S.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Measurement and Evaluation in Exercise Bioinformation of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050024, China;
| | - Xiaowei Shi
- School of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China; (L.Z.); (H.L.); (H.L.); (X.S.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Measurement and Evaluation in Exercise Bioinformation of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050024, China;
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China; (L.Z.); (H.L.); (H.L.); (X.S.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Measurement and Evaluation in Exercise Bioinformation of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050024, China;
| | - Yingzhe Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Measurement and Evaluation in Exercise Bioinformation of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050024, China;
- Zhihui Primary School, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
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Al-Mulla NA, Mahfoud ZR. The Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown “Home Quarantine” on the Physical Activity and Lifestyle of Children in Qatar. Front Public Health 2022; 10:877424. [PMID: 35692309 PMCID: PMC9174584 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.877424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have investigated how the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic impacted children's lifestyle. To our knowledge, this is the first study that assesses the impact of quarantine on physical activity, screen time, sleep, and diet in children aged 5 to 12 in Qatar. Methods Cross-sectional data from an online survey distributed in Qatar was analyzed. The survey measured the parents' or caregivers' assessment on the change in the child's physical activity, sleep, screen time, and diet between the two periods (before quarantine and during quarantine). The data was analyzed using frequency distributions, paired t-test and McNemar's test. Results Data from 144 respondents were analyzed. Due to the quarantine, the total weekly average hours of physical activity significantly decreased with a greatest reduction for the school and after school durations. Only 4.5% of the children were engaging in at least 60 minutes of physical activity per day (in contrast to 25.6% prior to quarantine). The reported barriers for physical activity were screen time for school (52.8%) and leisure (51.4%). There was a significant increase in the total number of main meals per day, with a higher consumption of unhealthy food. The majority of the children had their bedtime and waketime shifted to later because of the quarantine. The parents' or caregivers' satisfaction with the child's lifestyle during quarantine showed that 49.1% were disappointed or very disappointed. Also, 53.8% described their child's mental health as “better before quarantine.” Conclusions Quarantine had a negative impact on the lifestyle of children in Qatar. When implementing restrictions, authorities should consider some interventions to counterpart such impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada A. Al-Mulla
- Department of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ziyad R. Mahfoud
- Department of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Ziyad R. Mahfoud
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20
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Vanderloo LM, Omand J, Keown-Stoneman CDG, Janus M, Tremblay MS, Maguire JL, Borkhoff CM, Lebovic G, Parkin P, Mamdani M, Simpson JR, Duku E, Birken CS. Association Between Physical Activity, Screen Time and Sleep, and School Readiness in Canadian Children Aged 4 to 6 Years. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2022; 43:96-103. [PMID: 34387247 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000000986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE School readiness is strongly associated with a child's future school success and well-being. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether meeting 24-hour movement guidelines (national physical activity, sedentary behaviors, and sleep recommendations) was associated with school readiness measured with mean scores in each of the 5 developmental domains of the Early Development Instrument (EDI) in Canadian children aged 4 to 6 years. Secondary objectives include examining the following: (1) the association between meeting 24-hour movement guidelines and overall vulnerability in school readiness and (2) the association between meeting individual physical activity, screen use and sleep recommendations, and overall school readiness. METHODS A prospective cohort study was performed using data from children (aged 4-6 years) who participated in a large-scale primary care practice-based research network. RESULTS Of the 739 participants (aged 5.9 + 0.12 years) in this prospective cohort study, 18.2% met the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines. Linear regression models (adjusted for child/family demographic characteristics, number of siblings, immigration status, and annual household income) revealed no evidence of an association between meeting all 24-hour movement guidelines and any of the 5 domains of the EDI (p > 0.05). Adjusted linear regression models revealed evidence of an association between meeting screen use guidelines and the "language and cognitive development" (β = 0.16, p = 0.004) domain, and for the sleep guideline, there was a statistically significant association with the "physical health and well-being" (β = 0.23, p = 0.001), the "language and cognitive development" (β = 0.10, p = 0.003), and the "communication skills and general knowledge" (β = 0.18, p < 0.001) domain. CONCLUSION Early lifestyle interventions targeting screen use and sleep may be beneficial for improving a child's readiness for school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh M Vanderloo
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica Omand
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Charles D G Keown-Stoneman
- Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Paediatric Medicine and the Paediatric Outcomes Research Team (PORT), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Magdalena Janus
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research, CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathon L Maguire
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Temetry Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cornelia M Borkhoff
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Paediatric Medicine and the Paediatric Outcomes Research Team (PORT), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gerald Lebovic
- Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Patricia Parkin
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Paediatric Medicine and the Paediatric Outcomes Research Team (PORT), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Muhammad Mamdani
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana Faculty of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Temetry Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Janis Randall Simpson
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Eric Duku
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Catherine S Birken
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Paediatric Medicine and the Paediatric Outcomes Research Team (PORT), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana Faculty of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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21
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Gauvin L, Barnett TA, Dea C, Doré I, Drouin O, Frohlich KL, Henderson M, Sylvestre MP. Quarantots, quarankids, and quaranteens: how research can contribute to mitigating the deleterious impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on health behaviours and social inequalities while achieving sustainable change. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE SANTE PUBLIQUE 2022; 113:53-60. [PMID: 35089590 PMCID: PMC8796597 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-021-00569-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The adoption and maintenance of healthy behaviours including age-appropriate amounts of physical activity, limited sedentary and screen time, and healthy eating are the foundations for youth development and thriving. In reviewing extant evidence, we observe that the COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with marked reductions in physical activity, increased sedentary and screen time, and increased food intake and unhealthy snacking. Deleterious effects in movement behaviours appear to be more pronounced among vulnerable groups and food insecurity has become more widespread. To contribute to mitigating these impacts, we advocate for strengthened evidence-based public health. Towards this end, ongoing surveillance should be intensified and augmented with additional indicators of social inequalities. More importantly, substantial efforts must be devoted to developing, implementing, and evaluating complex interventions aimed at equitably promoting recommended 24-hour movement behaviours and healthy eating guidelines in home, childcare, school, and neighbourhood settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Gauvin
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 850 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec, H2X 0A9, Canada.
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, École de Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal (ESPUM), P.O. Box 6128, Centre-ville Station, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Tracie A Barnett
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine (CRCHUSJ), Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Catherine Dea
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, École de Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal (ESPUM), P.O. Box 6128, Centre-ville Station, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
- Direction Régionale de Santé Publique, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux du Centre-Sud-de-L'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Doré
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 850 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, École de Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal (ESPUM), P.O. Box 6128, Centre-ville Station, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
- École de Kinésiologie et des Sciences de l'Activité Physique (EKSAP), Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Olivier Drouin
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, École de Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal (ESPUM), P.O. Box 6128, Centre-ville Station, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine (CRCHUSJ), Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Département de pédiatrie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Katherine L Frohlich
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, École de Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal (ESPUM), P.O. Box 6128, Centre-ville Station, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique (CReSP), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Henderson
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, École de Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal (ESPUM), P.O. Box 6128, Centre-ville Station, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine (CRCHUSJ), Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Département de pédiatrie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Pierre Sylvestre
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 850 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, École de Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal (ESPUM), P.O. Box 6128, Centre-ville Station, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
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22
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Vandoni M, Codella R, Pippi R, Carnevale Pellino V, Lovecchio N, Marin L, Silvestri D, Gatti A, Magenes VC, Regalbuto C, Fabiano V, Zuccotti G, Calcaterra V. Combatting Sedentary Behaviors by Delivering Remote Physical Exercise in Children and Adolescents with Obesity in the COVID-19 Era: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:4459. [PMID: 34960011 PMCID: PMC8706684 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The coexistence of childhood obesity (or its risk) and COVID-19 pandemic put children and adolescents in greater risk to develop respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. In fact, the restrictions introduced to limit the spread of the virus had detrimental effects on various lifestyle components, especially in young population. This resulted in augmented levels of physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors and a reduced time spent in play outdoors or sport practices. Contrariwise, the increased use of technology led clinicians, teachers, and trainers to maintain relations with obese children/adolescents so as to reduce sedentary behaviors and the associated health risks. This narrative review aims to describe the role of Telehealth and Tele-exercise as useful tools in the management of pediatric obesity during COVID-19 pandemic. Telehealth and Tele-exercise were effective in promoting self-monitoring and behavioral changes, including adherence to exercise training programs in children and adolescents. Moreover, tele-exercise platforms such as applications or exergames allowed flexible scheduling, limiting the infection risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Vandoni
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.C.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Roberto Codella
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Pippi
- Healthy Lifestyle Institute, C.U.R.I.A.Mo. (Centro Universitario Ricerca Interdipartimentale Attività Motoria), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Vittoria Carnevale Pellino
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.C.P.); (A.G.)
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Lovecchio
- Department of Human and Social Science, University of Bergamo, 24127 Bergamo, Italy;
| | - Luca Marin
- Laboratory for Rehabilitation Medicine and Sport (LARMS), 00133 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Research, ASOMI College of Sciences, 2080 Marsa, Malta;
| | - Dario Silvestri
- Department of Research, ASOMI College of Sciences, 2080 Marsa, Malta;
| | - Alessandro Gatti
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.C.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Vittoria Carlotta Magenes
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.M.); (V.F.); (G.Z.); (V.C.)
| | - Corrado Regalbuto
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Valentina Fabiano
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.M.); (V.F.); (G.Z.); (V.C.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.M.); (V.F.); (G.Z.); (V.C.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.M.); (V.F.); (G.Z.); (V.C.)
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
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23
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Szpunar M, Vanderloo LM, Bruijns BA, Truelove S, Burke SM, Gilliland J, Irwin JD, Tucker P. Children and parents' perspectives of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Ontario children's physical activity, play, and sport behaviours. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2271. [PMID: 34903197 PMCID: PMC8666344 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12344-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic and associated public health measures have resulted in the closure of many physical activity-supporting facilities. This study examined Ontario parents’ and children’s perspectives of COVID-19’s impact on children’s physical activity behaviours, return to play/sport during COVID-19, as well as barriers/facilitators to getting active amid extended closures of physical activity venues. Methods Parents/guardians of children aged 12 years and under living in Ontario, Canada were invited to participate in an interview. 12 parent/guardian and 9 child interviews were conducted via Zoom between December 2020 – January 2021, were audio-recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Thematic content analysis was undertaken to identify pronounced themes. Results Themes for both parent and child interviews fell into one of three categories: 1) barriers and facilitators for getting children active amid COVID-19 closures of physical activity-supporting facilities; 2) changes in children’s activity levels; and, 3) perspectives on return to play/sport during and post-pandemic. Various subthemes were identified and varied between parents and children. The most common facilitator for dealing with children’s inactivity voiced by parents/guardians was getting active outdoors. Parents/guardians noted their willingness to have their children return to play/sport in the community once deemed safe by public health guidelines, and children’s willingness to return stemmed primarily from missing their friends and other important authority figures (e.g., coaches) and sporting events (e.g., tournaments). Conclusions Findings from this study could inform families of feasible and realistic strategies for increasing children’s physical activity during community closures, while also providing public health experts with information regarding what supports, or infrastructure might be needed during future lockdown periods and/or pandemics. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-12344-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Szpunar
- Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leigh M Vanderloo
- Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brianne A Bruijns
- Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie Truelove
- Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shauna M Burke
- Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason Gilliland
- Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer D Irwin
- Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patricia Tucker
- Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada. .,School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada. .,Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
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24
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Moore SA, Sharma R, Martin Ginis KA, Arbour-Nicitopoulos KP. Adverse Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Movement and Play Behaviours of Children and Youth Living with Disabilities: Findings from the National Physical Activity Measurement (NPAM) Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:12950. [PMID: 34948560 PMCID: PMC8701838 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182412950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
All children and youth require ample physical activity (PA), low levels of sedentary behaviour (SB), and adequate sleep to stay healthy. Children and youth living with disabilities (CYWD) tend to have fewer opportunities for participation in PA and outdoor play compared with their typically developing peers. In turn, CYWD are typically less active and more sedentary, on average, compared with their peers. The COVID-19 pandemic reduced opportunities for many children and youth to participate in PA and outdoor play. The purpose of this study was to assess parent-perceived changes in PA (including outdoor play), SB (including screen time), and sleep quality and quantity, due to COVID-19 and related restrictions, in a national cohort of Canadian CYWD. We recruited parents of school-aged CYWD (N = 151) in May 2020. In an online survey, parents reported their child's previous 7-day PA, SB, and sleep, as well as perceived changes in their child's movement and play behaviours due to COVID-19 and related restrictions. Parent-perceived parental support for their child's movement and play behaviours during the pandemic was also assessed. We used descriptive statistics to describe the child's movement behaviours and assessed the association between movement behaviours and parental factors using Pearson and point-biserial correlations. Few (5.3%) CYWD met PA recommendations and 13.2% met screen time recommendations during the acute period of the COVID-19 pandemic. More CYWD (66.2%) were meeting sleep recommendations. Overall, only 1.3% of CYWD were meeting the combined movement guidelines. Parent encouragement was positively associated with the child's outdoor PA (0.23), wheeling, walking, and biking (0.19), indoor PA (0.16), and family-based PA (0.26). Parental co-play was similarly positively associated with the child's outdoor PA (0.26), wheeling, walking, and biking (0.39), indoor PA (0.16), and family-based PA (0.26). Parents perceived their CYWD to be less active and more sedentary as a result of COVID-19 and the related restrictions. Parents of CYWD have an important role in encouraging healthy movement behaviours. Return to movement and play post-COVID guidelines should include tailored strategies for CYWD and their families to mitigate the negative impacts of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Moore
- School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Healthy Populations Institute, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Ritu Sharma
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord St., Toronto, ON M5S 2W6, Canada;
| | - Kathleen A. Martin Ginis
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, 1147 Research Road, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada;
- Department of Medicine, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of British Columbia, 1088 Discovery Avenue, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, 818 W 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, University of British Columbia, 1088 Discovery Avenue, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Kelly P. Arbour-Nicitopoulos
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord St., Toronto, ON M5S 2W6, Canada;
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25
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Physical Activity, Screen Time, Sedentary and Sleeping Habits of Polish Preschoolers during the COVID-19 Pandemic and WHO's Recommendations: An Observational Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111173. [PMID: 34769692 PMCID: PMC8583704 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic may lead to a significant decrease in physical activity, an increase in sedentary behavior, and thus also such things as screen time or a change in health behavior patterns. The survey aimed to compare levels of physical activity, screen time, hours spent sitting and sleeping time among Polish children aged 3-5 years of age before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We identified 3000 respondents under five years of age, at Polish kindergartens. The questionnaire consists of 62 questions according to the recommendations of health behavior in school-aged children. The questionnaire was completed by the parents of these children. RESULTS Only 30.77% of children complied with WHO criteria before the pandemic. During the pandemic, the percentage of children meeting the recommendations for physical activity decreased even more. Children spent much more time in a sitting position before the restrictions. The children slept as recommended 10-13 h a day, and the pandemic caused an increase in sleep duration of 10-18%. Most children had a limited time allowed for the use of electronic devices already before the pandemic, but during the pandemic the results negatively decreased by 71.54%. CONCLUSIONS The results clearly indicate decreased physical activity and increased screen time. It is also crucial to develop recommendations for prevention management strategies of sedentary lifestyles in the youngest group.
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26
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Li X, Vanderloo LM, Maguire JL, Keown-Stoneman CDG, Aglipay M, Anderson LN, Cost KT, Charach A, Vanderhout SM, Birken CS. Public health preventive measures and child health behaviours during COVID-19: a cohort study. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE SANTE PUBLIQUE 2021; 112:831-842. [PMID: 34232489 PMCID: PMC8261798 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-021-00549-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary objective was to determine the association between public health preventive measures and children's outdoor time, sleep duration, and screen time during COVID-19. METHODS A cohort study using repeated measures of exposures and outcomes was conducted in healthy children (0 to 10 years) through The Applied Research Group for Kids (TARGet Kids!) COVID-19 Study of Children and Families in Toronto, Canada, between April 14 and July 15, 2020. Parents were asked to complete questionnaires about adherence to public health measures and children's health behaviours. The primary exposure was the average number of days that children practiced public health preventive measures per week. The three outcomes were children's outdoor time, total screen time, and sleep duration during COVID-19. Linear mixed-effects models were fitted using repeated measures of primary exposure and outcomes. RESULTS This study included 554 observations from 265 children. The mean age of participants was 5.5 years, 47.5% were female and 71.6% had mothers of European ethnicity. Public health preventive measures were associated with shorter outdoor time (-17.2; 95% CI -22.07, -12.40; p < 0.001) and longer total screen time (11.3; 95% CI 3.88, 18.79; p = 0.003) during COVID-19. The association with outdoor time was stronger in younger children (<5 years), and the associations with total screen time were stronger in females and in older children (≥5 years). CONCLUSION Public health preventive measures during COVID-19 were associated with a negative impact on the health behaviours of Canadian children living in a large metropolitan area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedi Li
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Leigh M Vanderloo
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- ParticipACTION, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathon L Maguire
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Charles D G Keown-Stoneman
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mary Aglipay
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laura N Anderson
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Alice Charach
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Catherine S Birken
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Jarvis JW, Berry TR, Carson V, Rhodes RE, Lithopoulos A, Latimer-Cheung AE. Examining differences in parents' perceptions of children's physical activity versus screen time guidelines and behaviours. J Paediatr Child Health 2021; 57:1448-1453. [PMID: 33890709 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.15518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Most Canadian and Australian children do not meet Physical Activity Guidelines (PAG) or Screen Time Guidelines (STG). Regarding the social issue advertising believability model (SIABM), parental support for these behaviours may depend upon how believable parents find guideline messages. The aim of the study was to examine differences in parents' SIABM variables and perceived behavioural control for PAG and STG messages. METHODS Data were collected online; 499 Canadian parents with at least one child aged 5-11 years (75.6% mothers) participated. Differences in model variables were analysed using analyses of variance. RESULTS Parents demonstrated greater issue involvement, attitudes towards the issue, parental support attitudes and perceived behavioural control for the PAG compared to the STG (d > 0.10). Mothers believed the messages more and had more favourable attitudes towards the issues as compared to fathers (d > 0.21). CONCLUSIONS Parents' evaluations of PAG messages and corresponding supportive behaviours were generally more positive than STG. Future messages should emphasise supportive behaviours for screen time reduction that are feasible and enjoyable for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn W Jarvis
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tanya R Berry
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical & Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alexander Lithopoulos
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical & Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amy E Latimer-Cheung
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Woods CB, Crowley E, Powell C, O'Brien W, Murphy MH, Belton S, Saunders J, Connolly S, Farmer O, Ng K. Socio-ecological correlates of physical activity in a nationally representative sample of adolescents across Ireland and Northern Ireland. Prev Med Rep 2021; 23:101472. [PMID: 34258178 PMCID: PMC8259398 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescent physical activity (PA) can be categorized into different levels. Categories include inactive, somewhat active, active, or daily active. Demographic, intrapersonal and interpersonal factors varied by PA category. Depending on PA category, school- and community-related factors also varied. As Every Move Counts, future correlate analyses may benefit from PA categorization.
Physical activity (PA) is associated with a range of health benefits for adolescents. Few adolescents meet one hour daily of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The World Health Organisation (WHO) now recommends an ‘on average’ accumulation. In light of these updates, comparing correlates associated with meeting versus not meeting the PA guidelines provides limited understanding of adolescent behavioural choices. The aim of this study was to fractionate PA behaviour and investigate influential socio-ecological correlates across a diverse range of PA categories. A nationally representative sample (N = 6,563; age = 13.5 ± 1.9 years; male = 46.2%) completed a researcher supervised self-report survey. Empirically established instruments assessing the socio-ecological correlates of PA were included. Levels of MPVA were categorised into daily active (60mins.MVPA.daily), active (60mins.MVPA.5–6 days), somewhat active (60mins.MVPA.3–4 days) or inactive (60mins.MVPA.0–2 days). Descriptive statistics, chi-square analyses and multivariate blockwise binary logistic regression models were run separately for each PA category. Few were daily active (12.7%), 33.6% active, 36.5% somewhat active and 17.2% were inactive. Results showed that correlates differed in terms of direction and strength, depending on individual activity status. Increasing age was positively associated with being somewhat active, but not with being active or daily active. Attending an ‘all-girls school’ was negatively associated with daily active. High interpersonal support from family, friends or teachers was negatively associated with inactive or somewhat active, reducing the likelihood of adolescents remaining in these unhealthy PA categories. This novel information is useful for exploring previously established inconsistent relationships with PA. More sensitive categorisation and intervention tailoring to diverse PA categories is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine B Woods
- Physical Activity for Health, Health Research Institute, Ireland.,Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Emmet Crowley
- Physical Activity for Health, Health Research Institute, Ireland.,Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Cormac Powell
- Physical Activity for Health, Health Research Institute, Ireland.,High Performance Unit, Sport Ireland National Campus, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Wesley O'Brien
- School of Education, Sports Studies and Physical Education Programme, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Marie H Murphy
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, United Kingdom
| | - Sarahjane Belton
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Ireland
| | - Jean Saunders
- Claddagh Statistical Consultancy Services, Shannon & CSTAR@UL, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Sinead Connolly
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, United Kingdom
| | - Orlagh Farmer
- School of Education, Sports Studies and Physical Education Programme, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Kwok Ng
- Physical Activity for Health, Health Research Institute, Ireland.,Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland.,School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
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Kracht CL, Katzmarzyk PT, Staiano AE. Household chaos, family routines, and young child movement behaviors in the U.S. during the COVID-19 outbreak: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:860. [PMID: 33947357 PMCID: PMC8094982 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10909-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The home environment is an important facilitator of young child movement behaviors, including physical activity (PA), sleep, and screen-time. Household chaos, characterized by crowding, noise, and disorder in the home, may hinder efforts to obtain adequate amounts of movement behaviors. The COVID-19 outbreak impacted many families, and social distancing during this time may create conditions for more household chaos. Family routines can help establish order in the home and encourage an appropriate balance of movement behaviors, such as less screen-time and more sleep. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between household chaos and young child movement behaviors during the COVID-19 outbreak in the United States, and the role of family routines in this relationship. METHODS A national online survey including 1836 mothers of preschoolers (3.0-5.9 years) was conducted during May 2020. Mothers reported demographic characteristics, household chaos, family routines, and the preschooler's movement behaviors during the outbreak. Mothers completed a household chaos questionnaire and were grouped into chaos categories (low, moderate/low, moderate/high, and high) for analysis. Linear regression was used to assess the association between chaos category, family routines, and movement behaviors with adjustment for covariates. RESULTS Mothers were 35.9 ± 4.1 years of age, middle income (47.8%), and preschoolers were 3.8 ± 0.8 years of age. Most mothers reported their preschooler was less physically active (38.9%), slept the same amount of time (52.1%), and increased their screen-time (74.0%) after the COVID-19 outbreak. Preschoolers in the high chaos households performed less total PA (β = - 0.36 days/week, 95% CI:-0.62 to - 0.09, p = 0.008), slept less (β = - 0.42 h, 95% CI:-0.59 to - 0.25, p = 0.001) and had more screen-time (β = 0.69 h, 95% CI:0.45 to 0.92, p = 0.001) compared to those in low chaos households. In most chaos categories, having a bed-time ritual was related to more child sleep, and mothers who viewed routines as "less/not important" reported more preschooler screen-time compared to mothers who viewed routines as "very important". CONCLUSION Promoting bed-time rituals and prioritizing routines, even somewhat, may be related to an improved balance of child movement behaviors. Innovative measures are needed to support families during periods of disruption such as that experienced in the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea L Kracht
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Peter T Katzmarzyk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Amanda E Staiano
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.
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30
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Chen ST, Liu Y, Tremblay MS, Hong JT, Tang Y, Cao ZB, Zhuang J, Zhu Z, Wu X, Wang L, Cai Y, Chen P. Meeting 24-h movement guidelines: Prevalence, correlates, and the relationships with overweight and obesity among Chinese children and adolescents. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2021; 10:349-359. [PMID: 32679341 PMCID: PMC8167320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meeting 24-h movement guidelines by children and adolescents has been associated with improved indicators of health, although it has been under-studied in China. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of meeting the 24-h movement guidelines, its correlates, and its relationships with body mass index in children and adolescents in China. METHODS Cross-sectional data from the 2017 Youth Study in China of 114,072 children and adolescents (mean age = 13.75 years, 49.18% boys) were used. Meeting 24-h movement guidelines (≥60 min of daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, ≤2 h of daily leisure screen time, 9-11 h and 8-10 h nightly sleep duration for 6-13-year-olds and 14-17-year-olds, respectively) and height and weight of all participants were assessed. The prevalence of meeting the 24-h movement guidelines and World Health Organization weight status categories were determined. Generalized linear models were used to determine the correlates of meeting the 24-h movement guidelines and the relationships of meeting the 24-h movement guidelines with overweight (OW) and obesity (OB). RESULTS Only 5.12% of Chinese children and adolescents met the 24-h movement guidelines, and 22.44% were classified as OW/OB. Older children and adolescents were less likely to meet the 24-h movement guidelines. Parental education level and family income were positively related to meeting the 24-h movement guidelines. Children and adolescents meeting the 24-h movement guidelines showed lower odds ratios for OW/OB. Compared with participants meeting the 24-h movement guidelines, boys in 4th-6th grades met none of the recommendations (OR = 1.22, 95%CI: 1.06-1.40), met the screen time recommendation only (OR = 1.13, 95%CI: 1.01-1.28), met the nightly sleep duration recommendation only (OR = 1.14, 95%CI: 1.03-1.28), and had significantly higher odds ratios for OW/OB. Similar trends were observed for girls in 4th-6th grades: meeting none of the guidelines (OR = 1.35, 95%CI: 1.14-1.59), meeting sleep duration guidelines only (OR = 1.23, 95%CI: 1.08-1.39), and meeting moderate-to-vigorous physical activity + nightly sleep duration guidelines (OR = 1.24, 95%CI: 1.01-1.54). For girls in 7th-9th grades, the following trend was observed: meeting none of the guidelines (OR = 1.30, 95%CI: 1.01-1.67). CONCLUSION Very few Chinese children and adolescents met the 24-h movement guidelines. Age (negatively correlated), parental education level, and family income (both positively correlated) were correlates of meeting the 24-h movement guidelines. Children and adolescents meeting the 24-h movement guidelines were more likely to have lower risks for OW/OB, especially in the youngest age group (Grades 4-6); and girls in the middle age group (Grades 7-9) were also more likely to have lower risks for OW/OB. Further research studies should explore additional correlates and determinants for meeting the 24-h movement guidelines. Also, future studies should use longitudinal or interventional designs to determine the relationships between meeting the 24-h movement guidelines and OW/OB and other health indicators, while taking sex and age differences into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Tong Chen
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Research Centre for Physical Fitness and Health of Children and Adolescents, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Jin-Tao Hong
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yan Tang
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Research Centre for Physical Fitness and Health of Children and Adolescents, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhen-Bo Cao
- Shanghai Research Centre for Physical Fitness and Health of Children and Adolescents, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jie Zhuang
- Shanghai Research Centre for Physical Fitness and Health of Children and Adolescents, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zheng Zhu
- Shanghai Research Centre for Physical Fitness and Health of Children and Adolescents, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xueping Wu
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Research Centre for Physical Fitness and Health of Children and Adolescents, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Research Centre for Physical Fitness and Health of Children and Adolescents, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yujun Cai
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Research Centre for Physical Fitness and Health of Children and Adolescents, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Peijie Chen
- Shanghai Research Centre for Physical Fitness and Health of Children and Adolescents, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
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Tulchin-Francis K, Stevens W, Gu X, Zhang T, Roberts H, Keller J, Dempsey D, Borchard J, Jeans K, VanPelt J. The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on physical activity in U.S. children. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2021; 10:323-332. [PMID: 33657464 PMCID: PMC8167336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is vital to the physical, mental, and social well-being of children. Early restrictions during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic included the closure of schools and physical activity (PA) amenities across the US. This study aimed to examine the impact of the pandemic on the PA and play behavior of U.S. children and to provide evidence-based recommendations to improve their PA. METHODS A cross-sectional, online, parent-reported survey was conducted of children aged 3-18 years between April and June 2020 to assess light PA and MVPA using a modified Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire. Additional items included family/child socioeconomic demographics, child adaptability to the pandemic, and community access. The survey was shared through social media and snowball sampling distribution. RESULTS Analysis of 1310 surveys indicated child PA scores declined significantly during the pandemic (from 56.6 to 44.6, max 119, p < 0.001). Specifically, MVPA score decreased (from 46.7 to 34.7, max 98, p < 0.001) while light PA remained the same. Age-based changes were seen in the quantity, variety, and intensity of PA, with the lowest pandemic-related impact seen in preschoolers and the highest in high schoolers (-4.7 vs. -17.2, p < 0.001). Community-based peer PA decreased across all age groups. CONCLUSION This study shows decreased PA levels in U.S. children, according to parent reporting, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recommendations for community leaders, educators, and parents to improve PA in children are provided. With continued spread of COVID-19, these results and recommendations may be imperative to the physical well-being of U.S. children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Tulchin-Francis
- Division of Movement Science, Research Department, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA; Department of Health Care Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
| | - Wilshaw Stevens
- Division of Movement Science, Research Department, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA
| | - Xiangli Gu
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Tao Zhang
- Departrment of Kinesiology, Health Promotion and Recreation, College of Education, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76201, USA
| | - Heather Roberts
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX 76204, USA; Division of Clinical Research, Research Department, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA
| | - Jean Keller
- Departrment of Kinesiology, Health Promotion and Recreation, College of Education, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76201, USA
| | - Dana Dempsey
- Therapeutic Recreation Department, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA
| | - Justine Borchard
- Division of Movement Science, Research Department, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA
| | - Kelly Jeans
- Division of Movement Science, Research Department, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA
| | - Jonathan VanPelt
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX 76204, USA
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Sigmundová D, Sigmund E. Weekday-Weekend Sedentary Behavior and Recreational Screen Time Patterns in Families with Preschoolers, Schoolchildren, and Adolescents: Cross-Sectional Three Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094532. [PMID: 33923313 PMCID: PMC8123206 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Excessive recreational screen time (RST) has been associated with negative health consequences already being apparent in preschoolers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to reveal parent-child sedentary behavior, and RST patterns and associations with respect to the gender, age category of children, and days of the week. Methods: Our cross-sectional survey included 1175 parent-child dyads with proxy-reported RST data collected during a regular school week during the spring and fall between 2013 and 2019. The parent-child RST (age and RST) relationship was quantified using Pearson’s (rP) correlation coefficient. Results: Weekends were characterized by longer RST for all family members (daughters/sons: +34/+33 min/day, mothers/fathers: +43/+14 min/day) and closer parent-child RST associations than on weekdays. The increasing age of children was positively associated with an increase in RST on weekdays (+6.4/+7.2 min per year of age of the daughter/son) and weekends (+5.8/+7.5 min per year of age of the daughter/son). Conclusions: Weekends provide a suitable target for implementation of programs aimed at reducing excessive RST involving not only children, but preferably parent-child dyads.
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Bates LC, Zieff G, Stanford K, Moore JB, Kerr ZY, Hanson ED, Barone Gibbs B, Kline CE, Stoner L. COVID-19 Impact on Behaviors across the 24-Hour Day in Children and Adolescents: Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Sleep. CHILDREN-BASEL 2020; 7:children7090138. [PMID: 32947805 PMCID: PMC7552759 DOI: 10.3390/children7090138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, social restrictions to contain the spread of the virus have disrupted behaviors across the 24-h day including physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep among children (5–12 years old) and adolescents (13–17 years old). Preliminary evidence reports significant decreases in physical activity, increases in sedentary behavior, and disrupted sleep schedules/sleep quality in children and adolescents. This commentary discusses the impact of COVID-19-related restrictions on behaviors across the 24-h day in children and adolescents. Furthermore, we suggest recommendations through the lens of a socio-ecological model to provide strategies for lasting behavior change to insure the health and well-being of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C. Bates
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (G.Z.); (K.S.); (Z.Y.K.); (E.D.H.); (L.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Gabriel Zieff
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (G.Z.); (K.S.); (Z.Y.K.); (E.D.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Kathleen Stanford
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (G.Z.); (K.S.); (Z.Y.K.); (E.D.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Justin B. Moore
- Department of Implementation Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA;
| | - Zachary Y. Kerr
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (G.Z.); (K.S.); (Z.Y.K.); (E.D.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Erik D. Hanson
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (G.Z.); (K.S.); (Z.Y.K.); (E.D.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Bethany Barone Gibbs
- Department of Health and Human Development, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; (B.B.G.); (C.E.K.)
| | - Christopher E. Kline
- Department of Health and Human Development, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; (B.B.G.); (C.E.K.)
| | - Lee Stoner
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (G.Z.); (K.S.); (Z.Y.K.); (E.D.H.); (L.S.)
- Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL-PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Buchan MC, Carson V, Faulkner G, Qian W, Leatherdale ST. Factors Associated with Students Meeting Components of Canada's New 24-Hour Movement Guidelines over Time in the COMPASS Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17155326. [PMID: 32722096 PMCID: PMC7432761 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine if secondary school students are meeting the new Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines (24-MG), as well as each individual recommendation (physical activity; sleep; sedentary behavior) within the 24-MG, and which student-level characteristics predict meeting the 24-MG, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. This study is the first to examine longitudinal changes in students meeting the 24-MG, as well as student-level characteristics that were predictive of favourable shifts in movement patterns. Cross-sectional data were obtained for 11,793 grade 9 students across Canada as part of the COMPASS study. Of this sample, 3713 students provided linked follow-up data from grade 9 to grade 12. The probability of meeting the guidelines was modeled using two-level logistic regression analyses, adjusting for student-level co-variates and school clustering. Only 1.28% (p < 0.0001) of the sample met the overall 24-MG. Among grade 9 students, 35.9% (p < 0.0001), 50.8% (p < 0.0001), and 6.4% (p < 0.0001) were meeting the individual recommendations for physical activity, sleep, and screen time, respectively. Of those students, less than half were still meeting them by grade 12. Community sport participation was the only predictor of all three individual recommendations within the 24-MG. Longitudinal analyses found that community sport participation and parental support and encouragement were significantly associated with Grade 12 students starting to meet the physical activity and screen time recommendations, respectively, after having not met them in grade 9. Findings can be used to inform policy and public health practice, as well as to inform future research examining causal relationships between the variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Claire Buchan
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (W.Q.); (S.T.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada;
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British, Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Wei Qian
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (W.Q.); (S.T.L.)
| | - Scott T. Leatherdale
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (W.Q.); (S.T.L.)
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Moore SA, Faulkner G, Rhodes RE, Brussoni M, Chulak-Bozzer T, Ferguson LJ, Mitra R, O'Reilly N, Spence JC, Vanderloo LM, Tremblay MS. Impact of the COVID-19 virus outbreak on movement and play behaviours of Canadian children and youth: a national survey. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:85. [PMID: 32631350 PMCID: PMC7336091 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-00987-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 551] [Impact Index Per Article: 137.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Healthy childhood development is fostered through sufficient physical activity (PA; including time outdoors), limiting sedentary behaviours (SB), and adequate sleep; collectively known as movement behaviours. Though the COVID-19 virus outbreak has changed the daily lives of children and youth, it is unknown to what extent related restrictions may compromise the ability to play and meet movement behaviour recommendations. This secondary data analysis examined the immediate impacts of COVID-19 restrictions on movement and play behaviours in children and youth. Methods A national sample of Canadian parents (n = 1472) of children (5–11 years) or youth (12–17 years) (54% girls) completed an online survey that assessed immediate changes in child movement and play behaviours during the COVID-19 outbreak. Behaviours included PA and play, SB, and sleep. Family demographics and parental factors that may influence movement behaviours were assessed. Correlations between behaviours and demographic and parental factors were determined. For open-ended questions, word frequency distributions were reported. Results Only 4.8% (2.8% girls, 6.5% boys) of children and 0.6% (0.8% girls, 0.5% boys) of youth were meeting combined movement behaviour guidelines during COVID-19 restrictions. Children and youth had lower PA levels, less outside time, higher SB (including leisure screen time), and more sleep during the outbreak. Parental encouragement and support, parental engagement in PA, and family dog ownership were positively associated with healthy movement behaviours. Although families spent less time in PA and more time in SB, several parents reported adopting new hobbies or accessing new resources. Conclusions This study provides evidence of immediate collateral consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak, demonstrating an adverse impact on the movement and play behaviours of Canadian children and youth. These findings can guide efforts to preserve and promote child health during the COVID-19 outbreak and crisis recovery period, and to inform strategies to mitigate potential harm during future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Moore
- Department of Therapeutic Recreation, Faculty of Child, Family, and Community Studies, Douglas College, 1250 Pinetree Way, Coquitlam, BC, V3B 7X3, Canada.,School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, 6081 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Mariana Brussoni
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 0B3, Canada.,School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Tala Chulak-Bozzer
- ParticipACTION, 77 Bloor Street West, Suite 1205, Toronto, ON, M5S 1M2, Canada
| | - Leah J Ferguson
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, 87 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B2, Canada
| | - Raktim Mitra
- School of Urban and Regional Planning, Ryerson University, 105 Bond Street, 4th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Norm O'Reilly
- Gordon S. Lang School of Business and Economics, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - John C Spence
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, 1-153 Van Vliet Complex, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Leigh M Vanderloo
- ParticipACTION, 77 Bloor Street West, Suite 1205, Toronto, ON, M5S 1M2, Canada.,Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada.
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Kracht CL, Webster EK, Staiano AE. Relationship between the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and fundamental motor skills in preschoolers. J Sci Med Sport 2020; 23:1185-1190. [PMID: 32653249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association among 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and fundamental motor skills (FMS) in preschoolers. DESIGN Prospective cohort study with one-year follow-up. METHODS Parents of 3-4-year-old children reported child age, sex, race, and time spent viewing screens (hours/day). Accelerometers measured preschooler physical activity (PA) and sleep. The 24-Hour Movement Guidelines were examined (≥3 h/day total PA including ≥1 h/day of moderate-to-vigorous [MVPA], 10-13 h/day of sleep, and ≤1 h/day of screen-time). Trained researchers administered the Test of Gross Motor Development-Third Edition (TGMD-3) to assess FMS. Linear regression was used to assess guidelines met and raw locomotor, ball skills, and total TGMD-3 scores with adjustment for covariates. RESULTS One hundred and seven preschoolers provided complete cross-sectional data, and 53 preschoolers provided complete longitudinal data. Of the 107 preschoolers, they were 3.4 ± 0.6 years of age, 44% were male, 50% were White, and the mean age-and-sex adjusted TGMD-3 total score percentile was below average (41 ± 22). Many preschoolers met the PA guideline (91%) and sleep guideline (83%), but few preschoolers met the screen-time guideline (8%) or all three guidelines (6%). MVPA was positively associated with locomotor and total TGMD-3 scores in cross-sectional analysis (p < 0.05 for all). Baseline PA, sleep, and screen-time were associated with total TGMD-3 score at follow-up (p < 0.05 for all). Meeting the screen-time guideline and all three guidelines at baseline were each positively associated with total TGMD-3 score at follow-up (p < 0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS Each movement behavior contributed to later FMS. Promotion of adequate movement behaviors is warranted for child health.
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A Pragmatic Feasibility Trial Examining the Effect of Job Embedded Professional Development on Teachers' Capacity to Provide Physical Literacy Enriched Physical Education in Elementary Schools. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124386. [PMID: 32570863 PMCID: PMC7345283 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A gap in physical literacy (PL) oriented professional development (PD) for generalist teachers exists and thus their capacity to develop PL and maximize student health is potentially limited. We explored the feasibility of a novel job-embedded professional development (JEPD) program (10 weeks) and its impact on teachers’ capacity to deliver PL-enriched physical education (PE) and student PL. A pragmatic feasibility trial with mixed methods included quantitative measurements of teacher PL, knowledge and confidence (pre), and knowledge, confidence, satisfaction and intention (post), as well as self-reported change, to evaluate the impact on teacher capacity and practices. A pre–post comparison of student PL outcomes (motor skills using PLAYbasic, Sport for Life, Victoria, BC, Canada) during the JEPD and teacher implementation phase explored the impact on student PL. In total, 15/44 teachers participated in surveys and 11/44 completed interviews (87% female, mean age bracket = 25–44 years). Confidence to deliver PL enhancing PE increased significantly after JEPD (p < 0.0001). Teachers were highly satisfied with the JEPD (X = 4.67/5) and intended to change their practices (X = 4.09/5). At three months, teachers reported changes including enhanced lesson planning, increased activity variety (often from the JEPD), intentional skill development, student-focused discussions, introductory, transition, and closing activities, and more equipment adaptations. During JEPD, with the exception of throwing (p < 0.0001), children’s (47% female, mean age = 7.9 (1.7)) change in running, jumping, kicking and balance walking backwards did not differ from usual practice (UP). During teacher implementation, motor skill competence regressed; confounding factors could not be ruled out. JEPD appears feasible and effective for changing teacher capacity to deliver PL and enhancing PE; however, post-JEPD teacher implementation and outcomes need further exploration.
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Chen ST, Yan J. Prevalence and Selected Sociodemographic of Movement Behaviors in Schoolchildren from Low- and Middle-Income Families in Nanjing, China: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Survey. CHILDREN-BASEL 2020; 7:children7020013. [PMID: 32069924 PMCID: PMC7072474 DOI: 10.3390/children7020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: To investigate the prevalence of meeting the 24-h movement guidelines and its sociodemographic correlates in youth from low- and middle-income families (LMIFs) in Nanjing, China. Methods: Cross-sectional data on moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), screen time (ST), and sleep (SLP) were collected using the Chinese version of Health Behavior School-Aged Children questionnaire among grade schoolchildren of 4th–12th (mean age 13.6 years). The prevalence of meeting the 24-h movement guidelines was in line with the recommendations of the Canadian 24-h movement guidelines. Generalized linear models were used to explore the relationships of correlates with the prevalence of meeting the movement guidelines. Results: The prevalence of meeting the MVPA, ST, and SLP guidelines and their combination was 9.9%, 65.2%, 37.2%, and 2.9%, respectively. As for the prevalence of meeting the MVPA guidelines, boys, younger schoolchildren, and those living in urban areas had a higher chance of meeting them. With regards to the prevalence of meeting the ST guidelines, girls, urban schoolchildren, and the oldest participants were more likely to meet the guidelines. Residential areas and grades were two correlates of meeting the SLP guidelines as well as 24-h movement guidelines. Conclusions: The majority of schoolchildren from LMIFs in Nanjing, China had unhealthy movement behaviors. This concerning situation was mainly predicted by schoolchildren’s grades, indicating older schoolchildren exhibited lower levels of movement behavior. Improved studies are encouraged to identify the correlates of movement behaviors in schoolchildren, which in turn designs and implements effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Tong Chen
- Department of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- School of Humanity and Physical Education, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing 210014, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0755-26536132
| | - Jin Yan
- Faculty of Education and Arts, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia;
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Hassani K, Buckler EJ, McConnell-Nzunga J, Fakih S, Scarr J, Mâsse LC, Naylor PJ. Implementing Appetite to Play at scale in British Columbia: Evaluation of a Capacity-Building Intervention to Promote Physical Activity in the Early Years. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E1132. [PMID: 32053916 PMCID: PMC7068589 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Childcare is a critical target for promoting children's physical activity (PA) and physical literacy (PL). With emerging evidence about the efficacy of policy and capacity-building strategies, more information about how to bring these strategies to scale is needed. This paper describes implementation at scale of Appetite to Play (ATP), a capacity-building intervention for childcare providers, and examines the implementation and impact on early years providers' capacity to address PA. The ATP implementation evaluation was a natural experiment that utilized a mixed methods concurrent parallel design framed within the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance framework (RE-AIM). Workshop and website tracking assessed reach and adoption. Surveys and interviews with workshop participants and stakeholders assessed satisfaction, implementation, and maintenance. Training reached 60% of British Columbia municipalities and 2700 early years providers. Significant changes in participants' knowledge and confidence to promote PA and PL were achieved (p >0.01-0.001). Childcare level implementation facilitators as reported by early years providers included appropriate resources, planning, indoor space, and equipment, whereas weather and space were reported barriers. The stakeholder advisory group viewed the stakeholder network and Active Play policy as facilitators and adjustments to recent shifts in childcare funding and previous initiatives as barriers to implementation. ATP was scalable and impacted provider knowledge, confidence, and intentions. The impact on actual policies and practices, and children's PA needs to be assessed along with sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Hassani
- Child Health BC, Provincial Health Services Authority, Vancouver, BC V6J 4YC, Canada; (K.H.); (J.M.-N.); (S.F.); (J.S.)
| | - E. Jean Buckler
- School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; (E.J.B.); (L.C.M.)
| | - Jennifer McConnell-Nzunga
- Child Health BC, Provincial Health Services Authority, Vancouver, BC V6J 4YC, Canada; (K.H.); (J.M.-N.); (S.F.); (J.S.)
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, 4480 Oak St., Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Sana Fakih
- Child Health BC, Provincial Health Services Authority, Vancouver, BC V6J 4YC, Canada; (K.H.); (J.M.-N.); (S.F.); (J.S.)
| | - Jennifer Scarr
- Child Health BC, Provincial Health Services Authority, Vancouver, BC V6J 4YC, Canada; (K.H.); (J.M.-N.); (S.F.); (J.S.)
| | - Louise C. Mâsse
- School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; (E.J.B.); (L.C.M.)
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, 4480 Oak St., Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Patti-Jean Naylor
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, Faculty of Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P1, Canada
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