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van Allen KA, Gang N, Hoyeck MP, Perera I, Zhang D, Atlas E, Lynn FC, Bruin JE. Characterizing the effects of Dechlorane Plus on β-cells: a comparative study across models and species. Islets 2024; 16:2361996. [PMID: 38833523 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2024.2361996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies consistently link environmental toxicant exposure with increased Type 2 diabetes risk. Our study investigated the diabetogenic effects of a widely used flame retardant, Dechlorane Plus (DP), on pancreatic β-cells using rodent and human model systems. We first examined pancreas tissues from male mice exposed daily to oral gavage of either vehicle (corn oil) or DP (10, 100, or 1000 μg/kg per day) and fed chow or high fat diet for 28-days in vivo. DP exposure did not affect islet size or endocrine cell composition in either diet group. Next, we assessed the effect of 48-hour exposure to vehicle (DMSO) or DP (1, 10, or 100 nM) in vitro using immortalized rat β-cells (INS-1 832/3), primary mouse and human islets, and human stem-cell derived islet-like cells (SC-islets). In INS-1 832/3 cells, DP did not impact glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) but significantly decreased intracellular insulin content. DP had no effect on GSIS in mouse islets or SC-islets but had variable effects on GSIS in human islets depending on the donor. DP alone did not affect insulin content in mouse islets, human islets, or SC-islets, but mouse islets co-exposed to DP and glucolipotoxic (GLT) stress conditions (28.7 mM glucose + 0.5 mM palmitate) had reduced insulin content compared to control conditions. Co-exposure of mouse islets to DP + GLT amplified the upregulation of Slc30a8 compared to GLT alone. Our study highlights the importance and challenges of using different in vitro models for studying chemical toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A van Allen
- Department of Biology & Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Noa Gang
- Department of Biology & Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Diabetes Research Group, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Myriam P Hoyeck
- Department of Biology & Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ineli Perera
- Department of Biology & Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dahai Zhang
- Diabetes Research Group, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ella Atlas
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Francis C Lynn
- Diabetes Research Group, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jennifer E Bruin
- Department of Biology & Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Yeshoua B, Romero Castillo H, Monaghan M, van Gerwen M. A Review of the Association between Exposure to Flame Retardants and Thyroid Function. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1365. [PMID: 38927574 PMCID: PMC11201907 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Flame retardants have been shown to cause widespread physiological effects, in particular on endocrine organs such as the thyroid. This review aims to provide an overview of the literature on the association between flame retardants and thyroid function within humans. A search in the National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health PubMed database through January 2024 yielded 61 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The most frequently analyzed flame retardants across all thyroid hormones were polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), in particular BDE-47 and BDE-99. Ten studies demonstrated exclusively positive associations between flame retardants and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Six studies demonstrated exclusively negative associations between flame retardants and TSH. Twelve studies demonstrated exclusively positive associations for total triiodothyronine (tT3) and total thyroxine (tT4). Five and eight studies demonstrated exclusively negative associations between flame retardants and these same thyroid hormones, respectively. The effect of flame retardants on thyroid hormones is heterogeneous; however, the long-term impact warrants further investigation. Vulnerable populations, including indigenous people, individuals working at e-waste sites, firefighters, and individuals within certain age groups, such as children and elderly, are especially critical to be informed of risk of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Yeshoua
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (B.Y.); (H.R.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Horacio Romero Castillo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (B.Y.); (H.R.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Mathilda Monaghan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (B.Y.); (H.R.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Maaike van Gerwen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (B.Y.); (H.R.C.); (M.M.)
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Marchi MD, Moggio EL, Luz JZD, Brito PM, Sandri S, Farsky SHP, Biscaia SMP, Filipak Neto F, Oliveira Ribeiro CAD. BDE-209 exposure in murine melanoma (B16-F1) cells modulates tumor malignancy and progression in vivo. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 184:114350. [PMID: 38097007 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is a type of skin cancer considered aggressive due to its high metastatic ability and rapid progression to other tissues and organs. BDE-209 (2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6,6'-decabromodiphenyl ether) is an additive used as a flame retardant and classified as a persistent organic pollutant that has a high bioaccumulation capacity due to its lipophilic nature. This substance has already been detected in rivers, air, soil, plants and even in different human biological samples, such as plasma, umbilical cord blood and breast milk, revealing a great concern to human populations. Thus, in the current study we investigated whether prior exposure of murine melanoma B16-F1 cells to BDE-209 modulates in vivo progression and malignancy of melanoma. B16-F1 cells were cultured and exposed in vitro to BDE-209 (0.01, 0.1 e 1 nM) for 15 days and then inoculated, via caudal vein, in C57BL/6 mice for experimental metastasis analysis after 20 days. Inoculation of BDE-209-exposed cells resulted in 82% increase of metastasis colonized area in the lungs of mice, downregulation of tumor suppressors genes, such as Timp3 and Reck, decrease of lipid peroxidation and increase of systemic and local inflammatory response. These findings are related to melanoma progression. Additionally, the histopathological analysis revealed greater number of focal points of metastases in the lungs and invasiveness of metastases to the mice brain (89%). The results showed that exposure to BDE-209 may alter the phenotype of B16-F1 cells, worsening their metastatic profile. Current data showed that BDE-209 may interfere with the prognosis of melanoma by modulating cells with less invasiveness capacity to a more aggressive profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micheli de Marchi
- Laboratory of Cell Toxicology, Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, CEP 81.531-990, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Erick Laurent Moggio
- Laboratory of Cell Toxicology, Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, CEP 81.531-990, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jessica Zablocki da Luz
- Laboratory of Cell Toxicology, Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, CEP 81.531-990, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Silvana Sandri
- Department of Clinical Chemistry & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, CEP 05.508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Helena Poliselli Farsky
- Department of Clinical Chemistry & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, CEP 05.508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stellee Marcela Petris Biscaia
- Laboratory of Sulfated Polysaccharides Investigation, Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Francisco Filipak Neto
- Laboratory of Cell Toxicology, Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, CEP 81.531-990, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ciro Alberto de Oliveira Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Cell Toxicology, Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, CEP 81.531-990, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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Hall M, Hornung R, Chevrier J, Ayotte P, Lanphear B, Till C. Fluoride exposure and thyroid hormone levels in pregnancy: The MIREC cohort. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 184:108442. [PMID: 38237505 PMCID: PMC10973885 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluoride exposure may increase the risk of hypothyroidism, but results from previous studies are inconsistent at low-level fluoride exposure (i.e., ≤0.7 mg/L). Human studies of fluoride and thyroid hormone levels in pregnancy are scarce. OBJECTIVES We examined associations between fluoride exposure and maternal thyroid hormone levels in a Canadian pregnancy cohort, with consideration for fetal sex-specific effects. METHODS We measured fluoride concentrations in drinking water and spot urine samples collected during each trimester from 1876 pregnant women enrolled in the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) study. We also measured maternal thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), and total thyroxine (TT4) levels during the first trimester of pregnancy. We used linear and non-linear regression models to estimate associations between fluoride exposure and levels of TSH, FT4, and TT4. We explored effect modification by fetal sex and considered maternal iodine status as a potential confounder. RESULTS A 1 mg/L increase in urinary fluoride was associated with a 0.30 (95 %CI: 0.08, 0.51) logarithmic unit (i.e., 35.0 %) increase in TSH among women pregnant with females, but not males (B = 0.02; 95 %CI: -0.16, 0.19). Relative to women with urinary fluoride concentrations in the first quartile (0.05-0.32 mg/L), those with levels in the third quartile (0.49-0.75 mg/L) had higher FT4 and TT4 (i.e., inverted J-shaped associations), but the association was not statistically significant after adjustment for covariates (p = 0.06). Water fluoride concentration showed a U-shaped association with maternal FT4, whereby women with water fluoride concentrations in the second (0.13-0.52 mg/L) and third (0.52-0.62 mg/L) quartiles had significantly lower FT4 compared to those with levels in the first quartile (0.04-0.13 mg/L). Adjustment for maternal iodine status did not change the results. DISCUSSION Fluoride exposure was associated with alterations in maternal thyroid hormone levels, the magnitude of which appeared to vary by fetal sex. Given the importance of maternal thyroid hormones for fetal neurodevelopment, replication of findings is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meaghan Hall
- Psychology Department, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Rick Hornung
- Retired, Consultant to Psychology Department, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Jonathan Chevrier
- School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Pierre Ayotte
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.
| | - Bruce Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
| | - Christine Till
- Psychology Department, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Xu W, Pan Z, Zhang L, Lu S. Optimizing the medical equipment investment in primary care centres in rural China: evidence from a panel threshold model. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:160. [PMID: 38302957 PMCID: PMC10835967 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-10596-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The previous "one-size-fits-all" practice in resource allocation can no longer adapt to the spatial variation in population and health needs. This study aimed to investigate the spatially heterogeneous effect of medical equipment investment in the township health centres in rural China to optimize the investment strategies. METHODS Based on the national-scale stratified multistage cluster sampling, 319 township health centres from six provinces were included in the study. The retrospective data from 2013 to 2017 were collected for each sampled township health centres and the corresponding township community. The panel threshold regression model was applied to estimate the nonlinear effect of medical equipment increment on the service utilization due to the township communities' urbanization degree. The influence of township community remoteness on the effects of equipment increment was investigated through subgroup analysis. RESULTS Among the township health centres in the neighbouring towns of the county seat (travel time to the county seat < 1 h), the significant effect of medical equipment increment was only found in the township health centres of the towns with high urbanization degrees (the proportion of the residents living in the built-up area > 69.89%), of which the effect size was 774.81 (95% CI 495.63, 1053.98, p < 0.05). Among the township health centres in the remote towns (travel time ≥ 1 h), the effect of medical equipment increment in the township health centres of the low urbanized towns (urban ≤ 5.99%, β = 1052.54, p < 0.01) was around four times the size of that of the counterparts (urban > 5.99%, β = 237.00, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the spatially heterogeneous effect of medical equipment investment in the primary care centres in rural China. The priority of the equipment investment was suggested to be given to the township health centres in the remote towns with a low urbanization degree and those in the highly-urbanized neighbouring towns of the county seats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanchun Xu
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No 13 Hangkong Road, Qiaokou District, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zijing Pan
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- School of Political Science and Public Administration, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan Lu
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No 13 Hangkong Road, Qiaokou District, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Research Centre for Rural Health Service, Key Research Institute of Humanities & Social Sciences of Hubei Provincial Department of Education, Wuhan, China.
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Liu Y, Xie Y, Tian Y, Liao J, Fang D, Wang L, Zeng R, Xiong S, Liu X, Chen Q, Zhang Y, Yuan H, Li Q, Shen X, Zhou Y. Exposure levels and determinants of placental polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Chinese pregnant women. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 241:117615. [PMID: 37949289 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a group of widely used chemicals and humans are exposed to them in their daily life. PBDEs exposure during pregnancy may have adverse effects on pregnant women and their fetuses. Nevertheless, limited information is available on the levels and determinants of PBDEs exposure in Chinese pregnant women. METHODS The internal exposure levels of eight PBDEs (BDE-28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, 183, and 209) in placental samples of 1280 pregnant women from Zunyi birth cohort were analyzed using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. All PBDEs concentrations were lipid adjusted (ng/g lw). Determinants of exposure were assessed by multivariable logistic regression model. RESULTS Eight PBDE homologues were quantifiable in more than 70% of the samples. The highest median concentrations were found for BDE-209 (2.78 ng/g lw), followed by BDE-153 (1.00 ng/g lw) and BDE-183 (0.93 ng/g lw). The level of ΣPBDEs ranged from 0.90 to 308.78 ng/g lw, with a median concentration of 10.02 ng/g lw. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that maternal age older than 30 years old (OR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.14, 2.23), pre-pregnancy obesity (1.51; 1.08, 2.10), home renovation within 2 years (1.43; 1.08, 1.91), spending more time outdoors during pregnancy (0.70; 0.55, 0.89), high consumption of fish/seafood (1.46; 1.13, 1.90) and eggs (1.44; 1.04, 2.00), male infant sex (1.69; 1.18, 2.42) were associated with PBDEs exposure. CONCLUSION The study population is generally exposed to PBDEs, of which BDE-209 is the dominant congener, indicating extensive application of products containing deca-BDE mixtures. Maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, home decoration, average outdoor time during pregnancy, fish, seafood, eggs consumption, and fetal sex were exposure-determinning factors. This study contributes to the knowledge on region-specific PBDEs contamination in pregnant women and related risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Liu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal & Child Health and Exposure Science of Guizhou Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Yan Xie
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal & Child Health and Exposure Science of Guizhou Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Yingkuan Tian
- People's Hospital of Xingyi City, Qianxinan, 562400, Guizhou, China
| | - Juan Liao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Derong Fang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Linglu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal & Child Health and Exposure Science of Guizhou Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Shimin Xiong
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal & Child Health and Exposure Science of Guizhou Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Xingyan Liu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal & Child Health and Exposure Science of Guizhou Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Qing Chen
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal & Child Health and Exposure Science of Guizhou Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- People's Hospital of Xishui County, Zunyi, 564600, Guizhou, China
| | - Hongyu Yuan
- People's Hospital of Xishui County, Zunyi, 564600, Guizhou, China
| | - Quan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - XuBo Shen
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal & Child Health and Exposure Science of Guizhou Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Yuanzhong Zhou
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal & Child Health and Exposure Science of Guizhou Higher Education Institutes, China.
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Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, (Ron) Hoogenboom L, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Schwerdtle T, Wallace H, Benford D, Fürst P, Hart A, Rose M, Schroeder H, Vrijheid M, Ioannidou S, Nikolič M, Bordajandi LR, Vleminckx C. Update of the risk assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in food. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8497. [PMID: 38269035 PMCID: PMC10807361 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA to update its 2011 risk assessment on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in food, focusing on 10 congeners: BDE-28, -47, -49, -99, -100, -138, -153, -154, -183 and ‑209. The CONTAM Panel concluded that the neurodevelopmental effects on behaviour and reproductive/developmental effects are the critical effects in rodent studies. For four congeners (BDE-47, -99, -153, -209) the Panel derived Reference Points, i.e. benchmark doses and corresponding lower 95% confidence limits (BMDLs), for endpoint-specific benchmark responses. Since repeated exposure to PBDEs results in accumulation of these chemicals in the body, the Panel estimated the body burden at the BMDL in rodents, and the chronic intake that would lead to the same body burden in humans. For the remaining six congeners no studies were available to identify Reference Points. The Panel concluded that there is scientific basis for inclusion of all 10 congeners in a common assessment group and performed a combined risk assessment. The Panel concluded that the combined margin of exposure (MOET) approach was the most appropriate risk metric and applied a tiered approach to the risk characterisation. Over 84,000 analytical results for the 10 congeners in food were used to estimate the exposure across dietary surveys and age groups of the European population. The most important contributors to the chronic dietary Lower Bound exposure to PBDEs were meat and meat products and fish and seafood. Taking into account the uncertainties affecting the assessment, the Panel concluded that it is likely that current dietary exposure to PBDEs in the European population raises a health concern.
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Puche-Juarez M, Toledano JM, Moreno-Fernandez J, Gálvez-Ontiveros Y, Rivas A, Diaz-Castro J, Ochoa JJ. The Role of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Gestation and Pregnancy Outcomes. Nutrients 2023; 15:4657. [PMID: 37960310 PMCID: PMC10648368 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous substances widely disseminated both in the environment and in daily-life products which can interfere with the regulation and function of the endocrine system. These substances have gradually entered the food chain, being frequently found in human blood and urine samples. This becomes a particularly serious issue when they reach vulnerable populations such as pregnant women, whose hormones are more unstable and vulnerable to EDCs. The proper formation and activity of the placenta, and therefore embryonic development, may get seriously affected by the presence of these chemicals, augmenting the risk of several pregnancy complications, including intrauterine growth restriction, preterm birth, preeclampsia, and gestational diabetes mellitus, among others. Additionally, some of them also exert a detrimental impact on fertility, thus hindering the reproductive process from the beginning. In several cases, EDCs even induce cross-generational effects, inherited by future generations through epigenetic mechanisms. These are the reasons why a proper understanding of the reproductive and gestational alterations derived from these substances is needed, along with efforts to establish regulations and preventive measures in order to avoid exposition (especially during this particular stage of life).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Puche-Juarez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.P.-J.); (J.J.O.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan M. Toledano
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.P.-J.); (J.J.O.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Jorge Moreno-Fernandez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.P.-J.); (J.J.O.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS), 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Yolanda Gálvez-Ontiveros
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Rivas
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS), 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Diaz-Castro
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.P.-J.); (J.J.O.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS), 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Julio J. Ochoa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.P.-J.); (J.J.O.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS), 18016 Granada, Spain;
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Oelkrug R, Harder L, Pedaran M, Hoffmann A, Kolms B, Inderhees J, Gachkar S, Resch J, Johann K, Jöhren O, Krause K, Mittag J. Maternal thyroid hormone receptor β activation in mice sparks brown fat thermogenesis in the offspring. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6742. [PMID: 37875497 PMCID: PMC10597992 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42425-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that maternal thyroid hormones play an important role for the developing fetus; however, the consequences of maternal hyperthyroidism for the offspring remain poorly understood. Here we show in mice that maternal 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3) treatment during pregnancy leads to improved glucose tolerance in the adult male offspring and hyperactivity of brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis in both sexes starting early after birth. The activated BAT provides advantages upon cold exposure, reducing the strain on other thermogenic organs like muscle. This maternal BAT programming requires intact maternal thyroid hormone receptor β (TRβ) signaling, as offspring of mothers lacking this receptor display the opposite phenotype. On the molecular level, we identify distinct T3 induced alterations in maternal serum metabolites, including choline, a key metabolite for healthy pregnancy. Taken together, our results connect maternal TRβ activation to the fetal programming of a thermoregulatory phenotype in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Oelkrug
- Institute for Endocrinology & Diabetes - Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Lisbeth Harder
- Institute for Endocrinology & Diabetes - Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mehdi Pedaran
- Institute for Endocrinology & Diabetes - Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anne Hoffmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Beke Kolms
- Institute for Endocrinology & Diabetes - Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Julica Inderhees
- Bioanalytic Core Facility - Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sogol Gachkar
- Institute for Endocrinology & Diabetes - Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Julia Resch
- Institute for Endocrinology & Diabetes - Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kornelia Johann
- Institute for Endocrinology & Diabetes - Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Olaf Jöhren
- Bioanalytic Core Facility - Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kerstin Krause
- Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jens Mittag
- Institute for Endocrinology & Diabetes - Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.
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10
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Contini T, Béranger R, Multigner L, Klánová J, Price EJ, David A. A Critical Review on the Opportunity to Use Placenta and Innovative Biomonitoring Methods to Characterize the Prenatal Chemical Exposome. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:15301-15313. [PMID: 37796725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Adverse effects associated with chemical exposures during pregnancy include several developmental and reproductive disorders. However, considering the tens of thousands of chemicals present on the market, the effects of chemical mixtures on the developing fetus is still likely underestimated. In this critical review, we discuss the potential to apply innovative biomonitoring methods using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) on placenta to improve the monitoring of chemical exposure during pregnancy. The physiology of the placenta and its relevance as a matrix for monitoring chemical exposures and their effects on fetal health is first outlined. We then identify several key parameters that require further investigations before placenta can be used for large-scale monitoring in a robust manner. Most critical is the need for standardization of placental sampling. Placenta is a highly heterogeneous organ, and knowledge of the intraplacenta variability of chemical composition is required to ensure unbiased and robust interindividual comparisons. Other important variables include the time of collection, the sex of the fetus, and mode of delivery. Finally, we discuss the first applications of HRMS methods on the placenta to decipher the chemical exposome and describe how the use of placenta can complement biofluids collected on the mother or the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Contini
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rémi Béranger
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Luc Multigner
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Jana Klánová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Elliott J Price
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Arthur David
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
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11
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Schreder E, Zheng G, Sathyanarayana S, Gunaje N, Hu M, Salamova A. Brominated flame retardants in breast milk from the United States: First detection of bromophenols in U.S. breast milk. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 334:122028. [PMID: 37315884 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are a class of compounds with many persistent, toxic, and bioaccumulative members. BFRs have been widely detected in breast milk, posing health risks for breastfeeding infants. Ten years after the phaseout of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the United States, we analyzed breast milk from 50 U.S. mothers for a suite of BFRs to assess current exposures to BFRs and the impact of changing use patterns on levels of PBDEs and current-use compounds in breast milk. Compounds analyzed included 37 PBDEs, 18 bromophenols, and 11 other BFRs. A total of 25 BFRs were detected, including 9 PBDEs, 8 bromophenols, and 8 other BFRs. PBDEs were found in every sample but at concentrations considerably lower than in previous North American samples, with a median ∑PBDE concentration (sum of 9 detected PBDEs) of 15.0 ng/g lipid (range 1.46-1170 ng/g lipid). Analysis of time trends in PBDE concentrations in North American breast milk indicated a significant decline since 2002, with a halving time for ∑PBDE concentrations of 12.2 years; comparison with previous samples from the northwest U.S region showed a 70% decline in median levels. Bromophenols were detected in 88% of samples with a median ∑12bromophenol concentration (sum of 12 detected bromophenols) of 0.996 ng/g lipid and reaching up to 71.1 ng/g lipid. Other BFRs were infrequently detected but concentrations reached up to 278 ng/g lipid. These results represent the first measurement of bromophenols and other replacement flame retardants in breast milk from U.S. mothers. In addition, these results provide data on current PBDE contamination in human milk, as PBDEs were last measured in U.S. breast milk ten years ago. The presence of phased-out PBDEs, bromophenols, and other current-use flame retardants in breast milk reflects ongoing prenatal exposure and increased risk for adverse impacts on infant development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guomao Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Navya Gunaje
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Min Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Amina Salamova
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, 30322, GA, USA
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12
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Wang H, Zhang L, Wu J, Wang P, Li Q, Sui X, Xu Y, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Zhang Y. Sex-specific effects of organophosphate ester exposure on child growth trajectories in the first two years. ECO-ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH 2023; 2:152-160. [PMCID: PMC10702896 DOI: 10.1016/j.eehl.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/10/2023]
Abstract
The connections between urinary organophosphate ester (OPE) metabolites and child growth have been identified in prior research, but there is currently a dearth of epidemiological evidence regarding the sex-specific impact of OPEs on child growth trajectories. This study enrolled 804 maternal–child pairs, and five OPE congeners were quantified in maternal serum during pregnancy. In this study, the impact of prenatal OPE exposure on child growth trajectories was assessed using linear mixed-effect models and a group-based trajectory model (GBTM), with consideration given to sex-specific effects. Fetuses were frequently exposed to OPEs in utero, and tris(2-butoxyethel) phosphate (TBEP) exhibited the highest concentration levels in maternal serum. Among male children, an increase of 2.72 ng/g lipid in TBEP concentration was associated with a 0.11-unit increase in head circumference-for-age z-score (HCAZ), and the effect was mainly concentrated at 1 and 2 months of age. Among female children, an increase of 2.72 ng/g lipid in tris(2-chloro-1-(chloromethyl) ethyl) phosphate (TDCPP) concentration was associated with a 0.15-unit increase in length-for-age z-score (LAZ) and a 0.14-unit increase in weight-for-age z-score (WAZ), and the effects were mainly concentrated at 9 months of age. For HCAZ trajectories, higher prenatal TBEP exposure was associated with higher odds for the fast growth group in male children. For the LAZ and WAZ trajectories, higher prenatal TDCPP exposure was associated with higher odds for the fast growth group in female children. The trajectory analysis approach provided insight into the complex associations between OPE exposure and child growth. •Organophosphate ester (OPEs) were detected in serum samples of pregnant women, and tributyl phosphate (TBP) was the most frequently detected OPEs. •Prenatal exposure to TBP, tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP), and tris(2-chloro-1-(chloromethyl) ethyl) phosphate (TDCPP) were positively associated with infant growth trajectories. •Female infants were more sensitive to OPE exposure than males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Wang
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China (Fudan University), Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Liyi Zhang
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China (Fudan University), Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jie Wu
- The Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital of Songjiang District, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - Pengpeng Wang
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China (Fudan University), Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China (Fudan University), Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinyao Sui
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China (Fudan University), Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yaqi Xu
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China (Fudan University), Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China (Fudan University), Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China (Fudan University), Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China (Fudan University), Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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13
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Park S, Cowell W, Margolis AE, Sjodin A, Jones R, Rauh V, Wang S, Herbstman JB. Prenatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers and inattention/hyperactivity symptoms in mid to late adolescents. FRONTIERS IN EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 3:1061234. [PMID: 38455925 PMCID: PMC10910905 DOI: 10.3389/fepid.2023.1061234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Prenatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) has been associated with increased symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in early to middle childhood, as well as early adolescence. However, data are limited for the long-lasting impact of exposure on outcomes assessed across the entire adolescent period and the sex-specificity of such associations. Methods We investigated the association between continuous natural-log-transformed cord plasma PBDE concentrations and ADHD rating scale 4th edition (ADHD-RS-IV) score from mid adolescence (approximately 11 years old) to late adolescence (approximately 17 years old). The study sample includes a subset (n = 219) of the African American and Dominican children enrolled in the Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health Mothers and Newborns birth cohort. We used generalized estimating equations to account for the repeated measure of ADHD-RS scores. We examined interactions between exposure to PBDE and sex using cross-product terms and sex-stratified models. In addition, we used linear regression using an age-stratified sample as a sensitivity analysis. Results and Discussion Associations between prenatal exposure and parents' reports of ADHD symptoms varied by sex (p-interaction <0.20), with positive relationships observed among girls but not boys from sex-stratified models. Our finding suggests prenatal exposure to PBDE may affect ADHD symptoms assessed during middle to late adolescence and the sex-specificity of such impact. Our results can be confirmed by future studies with larger and more diverse samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonyoung Park
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Whitney Cowell
- Departments of Pediatrics and Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Amy E. Margolis
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Andreas Sjodin
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Richard Jones
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Virginia Rauh
- Department of Population and Family Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Julie B. Herbstman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States
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14
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Hernandez-Castro I, Eckel SP, Howe CG, Niu Z, Kannan K, Robinson M, Foley HB, Grubbs B, Al-Marayati L, Lerner D, Lurvey N, Aung MT, Habre R, Dunton GF, Farzan SF, Breton CV, Bastain TM. Sex-specific effects of prenatal organophosphate ester (OPE) metabolite mixtures and adverse infant birth outcomes in the maternal and developmental risks from environmental and social stressors (MADRES) pregnancy cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 226:115703. [PMID: 36934865 PMCID: PMC10101931 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are used as flame retardants and plasticizers in various consumer products. Limited prior research suggests sex-specific effects of prenatal OPE exposures on fetal development. We evaluated overall and sex-specific associations between prenatal OPE exposures and gestational age (GA) at birth and birthweight for gestational age (BW for GA) z-scores among the predominately low-income, Hispanic MADRES cohort. METHODS Nine OPE metabolite concentrations were measured in 421 maternal urine samples collected during a third trimester visit (GA = 31.5 ± 2.0 weeks). We examined associations between single urinary OPE metabolites and GA at birth and BW for GA z-scores using linear regression models and Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) and effects from OPE mixtures using Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR). We also assessed sex-specific differences in single metabolite analyses by evaluating statistical interactions and stratifying by sex. RESULTS We did not find significant associations between individual OPE metabolites and birth outcomes in the full infant sample; however, we found that higher bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP) was associated with earlier GA at birth among male infants (p = 0.04), and a nonlinear, inverted U-shape association between the sum of dibutyl phosphate and di-isobutyl phosphate (DNBP + DIBP) and GA at birth among female infants (p = 0.03). In mixtures analysis, higher OPE metabolite mixture exposures was associated with lower GA at birth, which was primarily driven by female infants. No associations were observed between OPE mixtures and BW for GA z-scores. CONCLUSION Higher BDCIPP and DNBP + DIBP concentrations were associated with earlier GA at birth among male and female infants, respectively. Higher exposure to OPE mixtures was associated with earlier GA at birth, particularly among female infants. However, we saw no associations between prenatal OPEs and BW for GA. Our results suggest sex-specific impacts of prenatal OPE exposures on GA at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ixel Hernandez-Castro
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Caitlin G Howe
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Zhongzheng Niu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Morgan Robinson
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Helen B Foley
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brendan Grubbs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laila Al-Marayati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Max T Aung
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rima Habre
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Genevieve F Dunton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shohreh F Farzan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carrie V Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Theresa M Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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15
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Ruis M, Hoffman K, Stapleton HM. Brominated flame retardants and legacy organochlorines in archived human placenta samples: Sex differences, temporal analysis and associations with infant birth weight. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 322:138170. [PMID: 36804493 PMCID: PMC10039416 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) has been suggested to play a role in the etiology of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study evaluated temporal changes in the accumulation of several classes of POPs, including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and several organochlorine pesticides in human placenta and examined their associations with birth outcomes at delivery. Placental tissues (n = 99) previously collected and archived at the Duke University Medical Center from 2009 to 2015 were analyzed for 22 POPs using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The mean age of mothers was 30.6 years; 8% of newborns were characterized as low birthweight (<2500 g). Of the 22 POPs targeted in the analysis, only p,p'-DDE, BDE-47 and BDE-100 were detected in more than 50% of the samples, with median concentrations of 0.110, 0.310, and 0.033 ng/g wet weight, respectively. Placental PBDE concentrations generally decreased over time, particularly BDE-47. Placental tissues associated with female infants had significantly higher levels of BDE-100 than placental tissues associated with male infants (p = 0.02) and a similar, but not statistically significant trend was observed for BDE-47 (p = 0.07). Multivariate regression models revealed that placental BDE-47 concentrations were associated with a significantly lower birthweight among male, but not female infants. A similar, although non-statistically significant, trend was observed for other POPs, further suggesting sex-specific associations between gestational exposure to POPs and birthweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Ruis
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Levine Science Research Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Kate Hoffman
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Levine Science Research Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA; Children's Health Discovery Initiative, Duke School of Medicine, North Carolina, United States
| | - Heather M Stapleton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Levine Science Research Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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16
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Zhang L, Liang J, Gao A. Contact to perfluoroalkyl substances and thyroid health effects: A meta-analysis directing on pregnancy. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 315:137748. [PMID: 36610509 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In vivo, in vitro, and epidemiological evidence suggests that perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may alter thyroid function in human health, with negative effects on maternal and fetal development outcomes. However, data on the effects of PFAS on thyroid hormones remain controversial. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis of 13 eligible studies searched from Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science by July 10, 2022, to explore the relationship between maternal exposure to PFAS and thyroid health effects, including thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (TT3), thyroxin (TT4), free T3 (FT3), and free T4 (FT4). The estimated values (β) and the corresponding confidence intervals (95%CI) were extracted for analysis. The tests for heterogeneity, sensitivity and publication bias between studies were performed using Stata 15.0. The combined results showed a positive association between changes in TSH and exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), with no significant correlation observed between changes in other thyroid hormones and exposure to PFAS. This difference was attributed to sample size, region, sample type, body mass index (BMI), and gestational week. Our data recommend verifying the relationship between PFAS exposure and thyroid health effects in a large sample population cohort in future studies. In addition, health care should be taken into account in early and mid-pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jiayi Liang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ai Gao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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17
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Zhou Y, Fu J, Wang M, Guo Y, Yang L, Han J, Zhou B. Parental and transgenerational impairments of thyroid endocrine system in zebrafish by 2,4,6-tribromophenol. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 124:291-299. [PMID: 36182138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Many environmental contaminants could be transmitted from parents and generate impairments to their progeny. The 2,4,6-tribromophenol (TBP), a novel brominated flame retardant which has been frequently detected in various organisms, was supposed to be bioaccumulated and intergenerational transmitted in human beings. Previous studies revealed that TBP could disrupt thyroid endocrine system in zebrafish larvae. However, there is no available data regarding the parental and transgenerational toxicity of this contaminant. Thus, in this study adult zebrafish were exposed to environmental contaminated levels of TBP for 60 days to investigate the parental and transgenerational impairments on thyroid endocrine system. Chemical analysis verified the bioaccumulation of TBP in tested organs of parents (concentration: liver>gonads>brain) and its transmission into eggs. For adults, increased thyroid hormones, disturbed transcriptions of related genes and histopathological changes in thyroid follicles indicate obvious thyroid endocrine disruptions. Transgenerational effects are indicated by the increased thyroid hormones both in eggs (maternal source) and in developed larvae (newly synthesized), as well as disrupted transcriptional profiles of key genes in HPT axis. The overall results suggest that the accumulated TBP could be transmitted from parent to offspring and generate thyroid endocrine disruptions in both generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Juanjuan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yongyong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lihua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jian Han
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Bingsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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18
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Qian B, Zheng ZX, Yang L, Wang CQ, Lin YC, Lin ZN. Prenatal exposure to phthalates and polybrominated diphenyl ethers on neonatal health: A birth cohort study in Guangxi, China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114571. [PMID: 36243047 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Few epidemiological studies have focused on prenatal phthalates (PAEs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) exposure to neonatal health in China. This study aimed to assess the associations between prenatal PAEs and PBDEs exposure and neonatal health in Guangxi, a Zhuang autonomous region of China. Concentrations of 4 PAEs metabolites (mPAEs) and 5 PBDEs congeners were measured in the serum of 267 healthy pregnant women. Birth outcomes and clinical data of neonates were collected after delivery. Mono-(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) (81.52%) and BDE47 (35.21%) were the mPAEs and PBDEs congeners with the highest detection rate in serum. Prenatal exposures to mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP), MEHP, and ΣmPAEs were negatively associated with birth weight (BW), birth length (BL), and gestational age (GA). Higher exposures to MBP, MEHP, and ΣmPAEs were associated with an increased odds ratio (OR) for low birth weight (LBW), but exposure to BDE28 exhibited the opposite effect. Moreover, higher exposures to MBP, MEHP, ΣmPAEs, BDE99, and ΣPBDEswere associated with an increased OR for premature birth (PTB) (P < 0.05). In contrast to MBP exposure, BDE28 exposure was associated with a higher OR for neonatal jaundice (NNJ) (P < 0.05). The interaction analysis showed a positive interaction between monoethyl phthalate (MEP) and BDE28 on the risk of NNJ and positive interaction between ΣmPAEs and BDE47 on the risk of NNJ. In addition, there are ethnicity-specific associations of prenatal PBDEs exposure with neonatal health in individuals of Zhuang and Han nationalities, and boy neonates were more sensitive to prenatal PBDEs exposure than girl neonates. The results revealed that prenatal exposure to mPAEs and PBDEs might have adverse effects on neonatal development, and the effects might be ethnicity- and sex-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Zhao-Xuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Cheng-Qiang Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China.
| | - Zhong-Ning Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China.
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Reddam A, Sjödin A, Cowell W, Jones R, Wang S, Perera F, Herbstman JB, Kupsco A. Prenatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers and birth outcomes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114830. [PMID: 36400221 PMCID: PMC9729424 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were used as flame retardants and from their end-use products they can be released to accumulate within indoor environments. This may result in exposures to pregnant women with potential adverse effects on the developing fetus. While studies have shown associations between prenatal PBDE exposure and poor birth outcomes, research has mainly focused on birth weight and gestational age and may miss important indicators of newborn size. METHODS The sample included a cohort of Dominican and African American mother-child pairs from New York City recruited from 1998 to 2006. PBDE congeners (BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, and BDE-153) were measured in cord serum at birth and dichotomized into low (<80th percentile) and high (>80th percentile) categories. Weight, length, head circumference, and gestational age were measured at birth and the ponderal index (birth weight/length x 100), size for gestational age, and population-based z-scores were calculated (n = 305). Separate regression analyses were conducted to estimate associations between PBDEs or PBDE sum (ng/g lipid) and birth outcomes. Quantile g-computation was performed to estimate the effect of total PBDE mixture. We also assessed effect modification by sex and ethnicity. RESULTS Adjusting for relevant covariates, the high exposure category of BDE-153 was associated with lower birth weight z-score (-0.25, 95% CI: -0.5, 0.0) and longer gestation (0.43 weeks, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.79). The high exposure category of BDE-99 was associated with lower birth length z-score (-0.55, 95% CI: -0.98, -0.12). There was a negative association between the overall PBDE mixture and birth length z-score (-0.10, 95% CI: -0.21, 0.00) per 1 quintile increase in PBDEs. There was no effect modification by sex or ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that prenatal exposures to BDE-153, BDE-99, and total PBDE mixture are associated with birth outcomes in a cohort of Dominican and African American newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aalekhya Reddam
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Andreas Sjödin
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Whitney Cowell
- Division of Environmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard Jones
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frederica Perera
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julie B Herbstman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Allison Kupsco
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Silva Filho BF, Filipak Neto F, Marchi MD, Moggio EL, Rossi IV, Sabatke B, Ramirez MI, Lucena MCDS, Todeschini AR, Oliveira Ribeiro CAD. BDE-209 and TCDD enhance metastatic characteristics of melanoma cells after chronic exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 313:120140. [PMID: 36100121 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) and BDE-209 (decabromodiphenyl ether) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) produced by industrial activities and associated with several diseases. TCDD is a known human carcinogen, but few studies investigated about the effects of exposure to both compounds, i.e., whether BDE-209 and TCDD can render tumor cells more aggressive and metastatic. In the current study we investigated if the exposure of B16-F1 and B16-F10 melanoma murine cells to environmental relevant concentrations of TCDD and BDE-209 at 24 h and 15-day exposure modulates the expression of genes related to metastasis, making the cells more aggressive. Both pollutants did not affect cell viability but lead to increase of cell proliferation, including the upregulation of vimentin, MMP2, MMP9, MMP14 and PGK1 gene expression and downregulation of E-cadherin, TIMP2, TIMP3 and RECK, strongly suggesting changes in cell phenotypes defined as epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in BDE-209 and TCDD-exposed cells. Foremost, increased expression of metalloproteinases and decreased expression of their inhibitors made B16-F1 cells similar the more aggressive B16-F10 cell line. Also, the higher secretion of extracellular vesicles by cells after acute exposure to BDE-209 could be related with the phenotype changes. These results are a strong indication of the potential of BDE-209 and TCDD to modulate cell phenotype, leading to a more aggressive profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benisio Ferreira Silva Filho
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, CEP 81.531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, CEP 81.531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Francisco Filipak Neto
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, CEP 81.531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, CEP 81.531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Micheli de Marchi
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, CEP 81.531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, CEP 81.531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Erick Laurent Moggio
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, CEP 81.531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, CEP 81.531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Izadora Volpato Rossi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, CEP 81.531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Sistemática de Tripanossomatideos, Instituto Carlos Chagas -Fiocruz PR, CEP 81.350-010, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Bruna Sabatke
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Sistemática de Tripanossomatideos, Instituto Carlos Chagas -Fiocruz PR, CEP 81.350-010, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, CEP 81.531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcel Ivan Ramirez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, CEP 81.531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Sistemática de Tripanossomatideos, Instituto Carlos Chagas -Fiocruz PR, CEP 81.350-010, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, CEP 81.531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Miguel Clodomiro Dos Santos Lucena
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia Estrutural e Funcional. Instituto Carlos Chagas Filho. Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21.941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adriane Regina Todeschini
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia Estrutural e Funcional. Instituto Carlos Chagas Filho. Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21.941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ciro Alberto de Oliveira Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, CEP 81.531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, CEP 81.531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Miao T, Li M, Shao T, Jiang X, Jiang L, Zhou Q, Pan Y, Wang Y, Qiu J. The involvement of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) in aromatic trihalogenated DBP exposure-induced kidney damage in mice. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 305:135351. [PMID: 35718037 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Disinfection by-products (DBPs) are inevitably generated in the process of disinfection. Among them, aromatic halogenated DBPs, such as 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP), 2,4,6-tribromophenol (TBP) and 2,4,6-triiodophenol (TIP), have attracted considerable interest for their high toxicity. A systematic nephrotoxicity evaluation of 2,4,6-trihalophenols is still lacking. In this study, mice were exposed to TCP, TBP and TIP ranging from environmental-related low concentration to high concentration that commonly used in animal study (0.5-200 μg/L). Kidney histopathology, urine protein detection and urine metabolomics were performed. Remarkable changes including kidney damage, proteinuria and glomerular mesangial cell proliferation were observed after three 2,4,6-trihalophenol exposure, even at low concentration of 0.5 μg/L. The nephrotoxicity rank order was TIP > TBP > TCP. Additionally, in vivo exposure to 2,4,6-trihalophenols also led to apparent changes in urinary metabolic profiles. Biosynthesis pathways of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs, containing valine, leucine and isoleucine) were disturbed even at the early stage of exposure (4 weeks). Intriguingly, it has been reported that BCAAs could promote the proliferation of glomerular mesangial cells. Thus, in vitro cell experiments were further performed on mouse glomerular mesangial cell line MES-13. Consistently with in vivo results, cell proliferation was observed in MES-13 cells after exposure to 2,4,6-trihalophenols, especially to TBP and TIP. Meanwhile, TCP at high concentration, TBP and TIP at not only high concentration but also low concentration, induced BCAAs accumulation in glomerular mesangial cells, which was completely commensurate to that observed in cell proliferation assay. Then the proliferation of MES-13 cells induced by 2,4,6-trihalophenols was remarkably inhibited after BCAAs interference. Here we provide direct link between disturbed BCAAs and the nephrotoxicity of 2,4,6-trihalophenols. 2,4,6-trihalophenols could induce excess BCAAs, which further led to proliferation of glomerular mesangial cells and renal injury. This study revealed the nephrotoxicity of aromatic trihalogenated DBPs and provided new insights into the potential toxic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Miao
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Mingzhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Tianye Shao
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xiaoqin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Liujing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Jingfan Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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22
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Dron J, Demelas C, Mas J, Durand A, Pantalacci A, Austruy A, Périot M, Revenko G, Gori D, Lebaron K, Coupé S, Höhener P, Boudenne JL. Assessment of the contamination by 2,4,6-tribromophenol of marine waters and organisms exposed to chlorination discharges. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 309:119742. [PMID: 35835273 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
2,4,6-tribromophenol (TBP) is implied in the production of brominated flame retardants but is also a major chlorination by-product in seawater. A growing number of studies indicate that TBP is highly toxic to the marine biota, but the contribution of anthropogenic sources among natural production is still under question concerning its bioaccumulation in marine organisms. Here, several water sampling campaigns were carried out in the industrialized Gulf of Fos (northwestern Mediterranean Sea, France) and clearly showed the predominant incidence of industrial chlorination discharges on the TBP levels in water, at the 1-10 ng L-1 level in average and reaching up to 580 ng L-1 near the outlets. The bioaccumulation of TBP was measured in 90 biota samples from the Gulf of Fos. The concentrations found in European conger muscle tissues (140-1000 ng g-1 lipid weight, in average), purple sea urchin gonads (830-880 ng g-1 lipid weight, in average), and Mediterranean mussel body (1500-2000 ng g-1 lipid weight, in average) were above all published references. Significant correlations with fish length (European conger) and gonad somatic index (purple sea urchin) were also identified. Comparatively, fish, urchins and mussels from other Mediterranean sites analyzed within this study showed a lower bioaccumulation level of TBP, consistently with what found elsewhere. Industrial outflows were thus identified as hotspots for TBP in seawater and marine organisms. The environmental risk assessment indicated a high potential toxicity in the industrial Gulf of Fos, in particular near the outlets, and a limited threat to human but toxicological references are lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Dron
- Institut Écocitoyen pour La Connaissance des Pollutions, Fos-sur-Mer, France.
| | | | - Justine Mas
- Institut Écocitoyen pour La Connaissance des Pollutions, Fos-sur-Mer, France; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, Marseille, France
| | | | - Anthony Pantalacci
- Institut Écocitoyen pour La Connaissance des Pollutions, Fos-sur-Mer, France
| | - Annabelle Austruy
- Institut Écocitoyen pour La Connaissance des Pollutions, Fos-sur-Mer, France
| | - Marine Périot
- Institut Écocitoyen pour La Connaissance des Pollutions, Fos-sur-Mer, France
| | - Gautier Revenko
- Institut Écocitoyen pour La Connaissance des Pollutions, Fos-sur-Mer, France
| | - Didier Gori
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, Marseille, France
| | - Karine Lebaron
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, Marseille, France; Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Coupé
- Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
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23
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Apoptosis-Inducing Potential of Selected Bromophenolic Flame Retardants 2,4,6-Tribromophenol and Pentabromophenol in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165056. [PMID: 36014294 PMCID: PMC9413844 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: 2,4,6-Tribromophenol (2,4,6-TBP) and pentabromophenol (PBP) are utilized as brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in order to reduce the combustion of materials used in various utility products. The presence of 2,4,6-TBP and PBP has been reported in environmental samples as well as in inhaled air, dust, food, drinking water, and the human body. To date, there are limited data concerning the toxic action of 2,4,6-TBP and particularly PBP, and no study has been conducted to assess the apoptotic mechanism of action of these substances in human leukocytes. (2) Methods: PBMCs were isolated from leukocyte–platelet buffy coat and treated with tested substances in concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 50 µg/mL for 24 h. The apoptotic mechanism of action of the tested BFRs was assessed by the determination of phosphatidylserine exposure on the PBMCs surface, the evaluation of mitochondrial potential and cytosolic calcium ion levels, and the determination of caspase-8, -9, and -3 activation. Moreover, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) cleavage, DNA fragmentation, and chromatin condensation were analyzed. (3) Results: 2,4,6-TBP and, more strongly, PBP induced apoptosis in PBMCs, changing all tested parameters. It was also found that the mitochondrial pathway was mainly involved in the apoptosis of PBMCs exposed to the studied compounds. (4) Conclusions: 2,4,6-TBP and PBP triggered apoptosis in human PBMCs, and some observed changes occurred at 2,4,6-TBP concentrations that were detected in humans occupationally exposed to this substance.
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24
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Björvang RD, Mamsen LS. Sexually Dimorphic Accumulation of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Fetuses. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:909307. [PMID: 35656542 PMCID: PMC9152108 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.909307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Living in an industrialized era, we are exposed to man-made chemicals including persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Previous studies have shown associations of POP exposure with adverse outcomes in humans, wildlife, and the environment, making it a global concern. Exposure during sensitive windows of susceptibility such as fetal development is of particular concern because of the potential increased risk of developing diseases in childhood and adulthood. However, there are limited studies on the sexual dimorphism of POP accumulation during the prenatal period. In this mini-review, we focus on differences in POP concentrations in the placenta and fetal tissues between males and females. We also show the sexually dimorphic adverse outcomes of prenatal exposure to POPs. Overall, our summary shows that males may accumulate higher concentrations of POPs in the placenta and fetal tissues compared to females, although studies are sparse and inconsistent. In addition, there are differences in adverse health outcomes associated to prenatal POP exposure according to sex. Hence, we highly urge researchers investigating the health effects of POP exposure to consider sexual dimorphism in their studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richelle D. Björvang
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linn Salto Mamsen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, University Hospital of Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Linn Salto Mamsen,
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25
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Hall SM, Zhang S, Hoffman K, Miranda ML, Stapleton HM. Concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in human placental tissues and associations with birth outcomes. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 295:133873. [PMID: 35143854 PMCID: PMC8923299 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants commonly detected in human serum. Previous studies have observed associations between maternal serum PFAS and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes such as lower birth weight or pre-eclampsia; however, few studies have explored these associations with birth outcomes and placental tissue PFAS concentration. The placenta is a vital contributor to a healthy pregnancy and may be involved in the mechanism of PFAS reproductive toxicity. Our goal was to measure placental PFAS concentrations and examine associations with birth outcomes (e.g., birth weight, gestational duration). Placenta samples (n = 120) were collected during delivery from women enrolled in the Healthy Pregnancy, Healthy Baby cohort (HPHB) in Durham, North Carolina. All placenta samples contained detectable PFAS, with perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) being the most abundant and most frequently detected (all >96% detection frequency). While placental PFAS concentrations did not differ by infant sex, higher PFAS levels were observed in placenta from nulliparous women, suggesting that parity influences the accumulation of PFAS in the placenta. We used linear regression models to examine associations between placental PFAS and birth outcomes. After adjustment for parity, tobacco use, maternal age, and maternal race, we found that placental PFOS was associated with lower birth weight for gestational age in male infants and higher birth weight for gestational age in female infants. Similar findings were seen for PFNA for birth weight for gestational age. These differences in birth outcomes based on infant sex highlight a need to explore mechanistic differences in PFAS toxicity during gestation for male and female infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Hall
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, 9 Circuit Drive, Box 90328, Durham, NC, 27710, United States
| | - Sharon Zhang
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, 9 Circuit Drive, Box 90328, Durham, NC, 27710, United States
| | - Kate Hoffman
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, 9 Circuit Drive, Box 90328, Durham, NC, 27710, United States
| | - Marie Lynn Miranda
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, United States
| | - Heather M Stapleton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, 9 Circuit Drive, Box 90328, Durham, NC, 27710, United States.
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Heindel JJ, Howard S, Agay-Shay K, Arrebola JP, Audouze K, Babin PJ, Barouki R, Bansal A, Blanc E, Cave MC, Chatterjee S, Chevalier N, Choudhury M, Collier D, Connolly L, Coumoul X, Garruti G, Gilbertson M, Hoepner LA, Holloway AC, Howell G, Kassotis CD, Kay MK, Kim MJ, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Langouet S, Legrand A, Li Z, Le Mentec H, Lind L, Monica Lind P, Lustig RH, Martin-Chouly C, Munic Kos V, Podechard N, Roepke TA, Sargis RM, Starling A, Tomlinson CR, Touma C, Vondracek J, Vom Saal F, Blumberg B. Obesity II: Establishing causal links between chemical exposures and obesity. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 199:115015. [PMID: 35395240 PMCID: PMC9124454 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease with both genetic and environmental components. The prevailing view is that obesity results from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure caused by overeating and insufficient exercise. We describe another environmental element that can alter the balance between energy intake and energy expenditure: obesogens. Obesogens are a subset of environmental chemicals that act as endocrine disruptors affecting metabolic endpoints. The obesogen hypothesis posits that exposure to endocrine disruptors and other chemicals can alter the development and function of the adipose tissue, liver, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, and brain, thus changing the set point for control of metabolism. Obesogens can determine how much food is needed to maintain homeostasis and thereby increase the susceptibility to obesity. The most sensitive time for obesogen action is in utero and early childhood, in part via epigenetic programming that can be transmitted to future generations. This review explores the evidence supporting the obesogen hypothesis and highlights knowledge gaps that have prevented widespread acceptance as a contributor to the obesity pandemic. Critically, the obesogen hypothesis changes the narrative from curing obesity to preventing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrold J Heindel
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 92924, USA.
| | - Sarah Howard
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 92924, USA
| | - Keren Agay-Shay
- Health and Environment Research (HER) Lab, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Israel
| | - Juan P Arrebola
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Karine Audouze
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Paris, INSERM, T3S, Paris France
| | - Patrick J Babin
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Pessac France
| | - Robert Barouki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Paris, INSERM, T3S, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Amita Bansal
- College of Health & Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Etienne Blanc
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Paris, INSERM, T3S, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Matthew C Cave
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40402, USA
| | - Saurabh Chatterjee
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Nicolas Chevalier
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cote d'Azur, Cote d'Azur, France
| | - Mahua Choudhury
- College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - David Collier
- Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Lisa Connolly
- The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Xavier Coumoul
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Paris, INSERM, T3S, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Gabriella Garruti
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Michael Gilbertson
- Occupational and Environmental Health Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland
| | - Lori A Hoepner
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Alison C Holloway
- McMaster University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamilton, Ontario, CA, USA
| | - George Howell
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Christopher D Kassotis
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Mathew K Kay
- College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | | | - Sophie Langouet
- Univ Rennes, INSERM EHESP, IRSET UMR_5S 1085, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Antoine Legrand
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | - Zhuorui Li
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Helene Le Mentec
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | - Lars Lind
- Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P Monica Lind
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert H Lustig
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - Vesna Munic Kos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Normand Podechard
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | - Troy A Roepke
- Department of Animal Science, School of Environmental and Biological Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Robert M Sargis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Il 60612, USA
| | - Anne Starling
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Craig R Tomlinson
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Charbel Touma
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | - Jan Vondracek
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Frederick Vom Saal
- Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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Borsò M, Agretti P, Zucchi R, Saba A. Mass spectrometry in the diagnosis of thyroid disease and in the study of thyroid hormone metabolism. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:443-468. [PMID: 33238065 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The importance of thyroid hormones in the regulation of development, growth, and energy metabolism is well known. Over the last decades, mass spectrometry has been extensively used to investigate thyroid hormone metabolism and to discover and characterize new molecules involved in thyroid hormones production, such as thyrotropin-releasing hormone. In the earlier period, the quantification methods, usually based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, were complicated and time consuming. They were mainly focused on basic research, and were not suitable for clinical diagnostics on a routine basis. The development of the modern mass spectrometers, mainly coupled to liquid chromatography, enabled simpler sample preparation procedures, and the accurate quantification of thyroid hormones, of their precursors, and of their metabolites in biological fluids, tissues, and cells became feasible. Nowadays, molecules of physiological and pathological interest can be assayed also for diagnostic purposes on a routine basis, and mass spectrometry is slowly entering the clinical laboratory. This review takes stock of the advancements in the field of thyroid metabolism that were carried out with mass spectrometry, with special focus on the use of this technique for the quantification of molecules involved in thyroid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Borsò
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Patrizia Agretti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Chemistry and Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Riccardo Zucchi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Saba
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Liu YJ, Xie Y, Tian YK, Liu H, He CD, An SL, Chen W, Zhou YZ, Zhong XN. Associations Between Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers Concentrations in Human Placenta and Small for Gestational Age in Southwest China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:812268. [PMID: 35211445 PMCID: PMC8863045 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.812268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposures to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) may affect fetal growth. Small for gestational age (SGA) is a measure based on birth weight and gestational age at birth and represents a good indicator of fetal growth but it has been used only in a small number of studies. The present study aimed to examine the associations between PBDEs exposure and the risk of SGA among participants from a birth cohort in Southwest China. METHODS The concentrations of eight common PBDE congeners (BDE-28, BDE47, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153, BDE-154, BDE-183, and BDE-209) in 996 human placental samples collected between May to October 2020 were determined. A questionnaire survey was administered regarding maternal characteristics. The outcome data of the newborns were obtained from the medical record. The Mann-Whitney U test and binomial logistic regression analysis were used to assess associations between PBDEs concentrations (as a continuous or categorical variable) and SGA. RESULTS All PBDE congeners were detected in more than 73% of samples. The median concentrations of ΣPBDEs were 10.08 ng/g lipid weight (lw). BDE-209 was the most abundant PBDE congener, contributed 28% to ΣPBDEs. There were 114 (11.4%) SGA infants. The levels of BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-209, and the total levels of ΣPBDEs in the SGA group were significantly higher than those in the controls. When classifying the PBDEs concentrations as two categories: low and high, high level of ΣPBDEs was associated with increased risk of SGA [odds ratio (OR): 2.203, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.453-3.340] after adjusting for potential covariates. The association remained significant when stratifying the data by gender of the newborn (OR: 2.572, 95% CI: 1.337-4.947 for boys; OR: 2.385, 95% CI: 1.315-4.325 for girls). CONCLUSION The present study adds to the literature by using placenta to measure PBDEs exposure during pregnancy, and provides evidence that prenatal exposure to PBDEs may be associated with the risk of SGA, at least at the levels of exposure in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jun Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yan Xie
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Ying-Kuan Tian
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cai-Die He
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Song-Lin An
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yuan-Zhong Zhou
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiao-Ni Zhong
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Michałowicz J, Włuka A, Bukowska B. A review on environmental occurrence, toxic effects and transformation of man-made bromophenols. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 811:152289. [PMID: 34902422 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Brominated phenols (BPs) of anthropogenic origin are aromatic substances widely used in the industry as flame retardants (FRs) and pesticides as well as the components of FRs and polymers. In this review, we have focused on describing 2,4-dibromophenol (2,4-DBP), 2,4,6-tribromophenol (2,4,6-TBP) and pentabromophenol (PBP), which are the most commonly used in the industry and are the most often detected in the air, aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and the human body. This review describes human-related sources of these BPs that influence their occurrence in the environment (atmosphere, surface water, sediment, soil, biota), indoor air and dust, food, drinking water and the human organism. Data from in vitro and in vivo studies showing 2,4-DBP, 2,4,6-TBP and PBP toxicity, including their estrogenic activity, effects on development and reproduction, perturbations of cellular redox balance and cytotoxic action have been described. Moreover, the processes of BPs transformation that occur in human and other mammals, plants and bacteria have been discussed. Finally, the effect of abiotic factors (e.g. UV irradiation and temperature) on BPs conversion to highly toxic brominated dioxins and brominated furans as well as polybrominated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers has been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaromir Michałowicz
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Pomorska Str. 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Anna Włuka
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Pomorska Str. 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Bożena Bukowska
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Pomorska Str. 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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de Oliveira Ribeiro CA, Bozza DA, Esquivel L, de Oliveira EC, Neto F. Comparative effects of oral exposure to 2, 4, 6-tribromophenol and decabromodiphenyl ether in Nile tilapia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:17087-17102. [PMID: 34655032 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16779-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Flame retardants are compounds added to a high diversity of polymers used in electronics and furniture to decrease the risk of combustion. Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) is a polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congener still used worldwide, while 2, 4, 6-tribromophenol(TBP) is a PBDE metabolite used as a pesticide and flame retardant for wood conservation. These compounds have lipophilic properties and are easily bioaccumulated in the food chain. In the current study, the acute and chronic toxicity of BDE-209 and TBP was evaluated in Oreochromis niloticus through analyses of redox imbalance, neurotoxicity, and histopathological biomarkers after acute (24, 48, 72, and 96 h) and chronic (90 days) exposure to 0.5, 5, and 50 ng/g of the polybrominated compounds. The results showed effects on glutathione S-transferase(GST) activity and damage to biomolecules in both acute and chronic exposures. Liver histopathology and the ultrastructure of hepatocytes revealed alterations and damage in individuals from both experiments, but only BDE-209 led to neurotoxic effects. The current study revealed new endpoints related to polybrominated compounds in fish, highlighting the need to review the risk of exposure to biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Alberto de Oliveira Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular/Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, CEP 81531-980, Brazil.
| | - Dandie Antunes Bozza
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular/Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, CEP 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Luíse Esquivel
- Estação de Piscicultura Panamá, Est. Geral Bom Retiro, Paulo Lopes, SC, CEP 88490-000, Brazil
| | - Elton Celton de Oliveira
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Campus Dois Vizinhos, Dois Vizinhos, PR, CEP 82660-000, Brazil
| | - Filipak Neto
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular/Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, CEP 81531-980, Brazil
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Wang X, Luu T, Beal MA, Barton-Maclaren TS, Robaire B, Hales BF. The Effects of Organophosphate Esters Used as Flame Retardants and Plasticizers on Granulosa, Leydig, and Spermatogonial Cells Analyzed Using High-Content Imaging. Toxicol Sci 2022; 186:269-287. [PMID: 35135005 PMCID: PMC8963303 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The replacement of regulated brominated flame retardants and plasticizers with organophosphate esters (OPEs) has led to their pervasive presence in the environment and in biological matrices. Further, there is evidence that exposure to some of these chemicals is associated with reproductive toxicity. Using a high-content imaging approach, we assessed the effects of exposure to 9 OPEs on cells related to reproductive function: KGN human granulosa cells, MA-10 mouse Leydig cells, and C18-4 mouse spermatogonial cells. The effects of OPEs were compared with those of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47), a legacy brominated flame retardant. Alterations in several important cell features, including cell survival, mitochondrial dynamics, oxidative stress, lysosomes, and lipid droplets, were analyzed. Most of the OPEs tested displayed higher cytotoxicity than BDE-47 in all 3 cell lines. Effects on phenotypic parameters were specific for each cell type. Several OPEs increased total mitochondria, decreased lysosomes, increased the total area of lipid droplets, and induced oxidative stress in KGN cells; these endpoints were differentially affected in MA-10 and C18-4 cells. Alterations in cell phenotypes were highly correlated in the 2 steroidogenic cell lines for a few triaryl OPEs. Potency ranking using 2 complementary approaches, Toxicological Prioritization Index analyses and the lowest benchmark concentration/administered equivalent dose method, revealed that while most of the OPEs tested were more potent than BDE-47, others showed little to no effect. We propose that these approaches serve as lines of evidence in a screening strategy to identify the potential for reproductive and endocrine effects of emerging chemicals and assist in regulatory decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Trang Luu
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Marc A Beal
- Existing Substances Risk Assessment Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Tara S Barton-Maclaren
- Existing Substances Risk Assessment Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Bernard Robaire
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Barbara F Hales
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Room 110, Montreal, QC H3G1Y6, Canada. E-mail:
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Carvalho DP, Dias AF, Sferruzzi-Perri AN, Ortiga-Carvalho TM. Gaps in the knowledge of thyroid hormones and placental biology. Biol Reprod 2022; 106:1033-1048. [DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) are required for the growth and development of the foetus, stimulating anabolism and oxygen consumption from the early stages of pregnancy to the period of foetal differentiation close to delivery. Maternal changes in the hypothalamic–pituitary thyroid axis are also well known. In contrast, several open questions remain regarding the relationships between the placenta and the maternal and foetal TH systems. The exact mechanism by which the placenta participates in regulating the TH concentration in the foetus and mother and the role of TH in the placenta are still poorly studied. In this review, we aim to summarize the available data in the area and highlight significant gaps in our understanding of the ontogeny and cell-specific localization of TH transporters, TH receptors and TH metabolic enzymes in the placenta in both human and rodent models. Significant deficiencies also exist in knowledge of the contribution of genomic and nongenomic effects of TH on the placenta and finally how the placenta reacts during pregnancy when the mother has thyroid disease. By addressing these key knowledge gaps, improved pregnancy outcomes and management of women with thyroid alterations may be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pereira Carvalho
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Endocrinologia Translacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ariane Fontes Dias
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Endocrinologia Translacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amanda Nancy Sferruzzi-Perri
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Tania Maria Ortiga-Carvalho
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Endocrinologia Translacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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34
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Zheng G, Melo L, Chakraborty R, Klaunig JE, Salamova A. Biotransformation of 2,4,6-tris(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine (TTBP-TAZ) can contribute to high levels of 2,4,6-tribromophenol (2,4,6-TBP) in humans. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 158:106943. [PMID: 34717176 PMCID: PMC8688301 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
2,4,6-Tribromophenol (2,4,6-TBP) is a brominated flame retardant that accumulates in human tissues and is a potential toxicant. Previous studies found 2,4,6-TBP levels in human tissues were significantly higher than those of brominated flame retardants measured in the same samples. In contrast, the levels of 2,4,6-TBP in the environment and foodstuff are not elevated, suggesting a low potential for direct intake through environmental exposure or diet. Here, we hypothesized that high levels of 2,4,6-TBP in human tissues are partially from the indirect exposure sources, such as biotransformation of highly brominated substances. We conducted in vitro assays utilizing human and rat liver microsomes to compare the biotransformation rates of four highly brominated flame retardants, which could potentially transform to 2,4,6-TBP, including decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), 2,4,6-tris-(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine (TTBP-TAZ), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE), and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA). Our results show that TTBP-TAZ rapidly metabolizes in both human and rat liver microsomes with a half-life of 1.1 and 2.2 h, respectively, suggesting that TTBP-TAZ is a potential precursor of 2,4,6-TBP. In contrast, 2,4,6-TBP was not formed as a result of biotransformation of TBBPA, BTBPE, and DBDPE in both human and rat liver microsomes. We applied suspect and target screening to explore the metabolic pathways of TTBP-TAZ and identified 2,4,6-TBP as a major metabolite of TTBP-TAZ accounting for 87% of all formed metabolites. These in vitro results were further tested by an in vivo experiment in which 2,4,6-TBP was detected in the rat blood and liver at concentrations of 270 ± 110 and 50 ± 14 μg/g lipid weight, respectively, after being exposed to 250 mg/kg body weight/day of TTBP-TAZ for a week. The hepatic mRNA expression demonstrated that TTBP-TAZ significantly activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and promotes fatty degeneration (18 and 28-fold change compared to control, respectively) in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guomao Zheng
- Paul H. O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Luma Melo
- School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Rishika Chakraborty
- School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - James E Klaunig
- School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Amina Salamova
- Paul H. O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.
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35
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Zhou Y, Guo W, Lei L, Sun Y, Li R, Guo Y, Yang L, Shi X, Han J, Zhou B. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)-tetrabromophthalate induces zebrafish obesity by altering the brain-gut axis and intestinal microbial composition. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 290:118127. [PMID: 34523534 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Multiple environmental stressors, including chemicals termed obesogens, contribute to the susceptibility of organisms to obesity. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate (TBPH), a novel brominated flame retardant, is an environmental contaminant that may disrupt lipid metabolism. However, the risk of TBPH leading to obesity remains unknown. Herein, adult female zebrafish fed a normal-fat diet (NFD) or high-fat diet (HFD) were exposed to 0, 0.02 and 2.0 μM TBPH for 6 weeks. The results showed that chronic TBPH exposure lead to significant weight gain, adipocyte hypertrophy, and subcutaneous fat accumulation, which could be enhanced by HFD feeding. HFD individuals also showed significant visceral fat accumulation. Transcription of the main adipokines regulating lipid metabolism associated with the brain-gut axis were significantly affected by TBPH, especially leptin (brain) and adiponectin (intestine). Additionally, peroxisome proliferator-activated nuclear receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) was significantly upregulated in intestine. TBPH increased the abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in the gut microbiota in both NFD and HFD groups, resulting in obesity. Interestingly, population diversity analysis indicated that TBPH alone had a comparable impact on gut microbiota composition to that of HDF controls. Thus, TBPH increased the susceptibility of female zebrafish to obesity by disrupting brain-gut axis regulation and gut microbial composition, leading to enhanced fat accumulation under HFD conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yumiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ruiwen Li
- Ecological Environment Monitoring and Scientific Research Center, Changjiang River Basin Ecological Environment Administration, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Yongyong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lihua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiongjie Shi
- College of Life Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jian Han
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Bingsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
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Lorigo M, Cairrao E. Fetoplacental vasculature as a model to study human cardiovascular endocrine disruption. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 87:101054. [PMID: 34839931 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.101054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has associated the exposure of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) with the cardiovascular (CV) system. This exposure is particularly problematic in a sensitive window of development, pregnancy. Pregnancy exposome can affect the overall health of the pregnancy by dramatic changes in vascular physiology and endocrine activity, increasing maternal susceptibility. Moreover, fetoplacental vascular function is generally altered, increasing the risk of developing pregnancy complications (including cardiovascular diseases, CVD) and predisposing the foetus to adverse health risks later in life. Thus, our review summarizes the existing literature on exposures to EDCs during pregnancy and adverse maternal health outcomes, focusing on the human placenta, vein, and umbilical artery associated with pregnancy complications. The purpose of this review is to highlight the role of fetoplacental vasculature as a model for the study of human cardiovascular endocrine disruption. Therefore, we emphasize that the placenta, together with the umbilical arteries and veins, allows a better characterization of the pregnant woman's exposome. Consequently, it contributes to the protection of the mother and foetus against CV disorders in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Lorigo
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal; FCS - UBI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Elisa Cairrao
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal; FCS - UBI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
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Björvang RD, Vinnars MT, Papadogiannakis N, Gidlöf S, Mamsen LS, Mucs D, Kiviranta H, Rantakokko P, Ruokojärvi P, Lindh CH, Andersen CY, Damdimopoulou P. Mixtures of persistent organic pollutants are found in vital organs of late gestation human fetuses. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 283:131125. [PMID: 34467953 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are industrial chemicals with long half-lives. Early life exposure to POPs has been associated with adverse effects. Fetal exposure is typically estimated based on concentrations in maternal serum or placenta and little is known on the actual fetal exposure. We measured the concentrations of nine organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), ten polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners by gas chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry in maternal serum, placenta, and fetal tissues (adipose tissue, liver, heart, lung and brain) in 20 pregnancies that ended in stillbirth (gestational weeks 36-41). The data were combined with our earlier data on perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the same cohort (Mamsen et al. 2019). HCB, p,p'-DDE, PCB 138 and PCB 153 were quantified in all samples of maternal serum, placenta and fetal tissues. All 22 POPs were detected in all fetal adipose tissue samples, even in cases where they could not be detected in maternal serum or placenta. Tissue:serum ratios were significantly higher in later gestations, male fetuses, and pregnancies with normal placental function. OCPs showed the highest tissue:serum ratios and PFAS the lowest. The highest chemical burden was found in adipose tissue and lowest in the brain. Overall, all studied human fetuses were intrinsically exposed to mixtures of POPs. Tissue:serum ratios were significantly modified by gestational age, fetal sex and placental function. Importantly, more chemicals were detected in fetal tissues compared to maternal serum and placenta, implying that these proxy samples may provide a misleading picture of actual fetal exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richelle D Björvang
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden; Swetox, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Toxicology Sciences, 151 36, Södertälje, Sweden.
| | - Marie-Therese Vinnars
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology Örnsköldsviks Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, Örnsköldsvik/Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Nikos Papadogiannakis
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 83, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sebastian Gidlöf
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Linn Salto Mamsen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Section 5712, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, University Hospital of Copenhagen and University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Daniel Mucs
- Swetox, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Toxicology Sciences, 151 36, Södertälje, Sweden.
| | - Hannu Kiviranta
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Panu Rantakokko
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Päivi Ruokojärvi
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Christian H Lindh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 223 61, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Claus Yding Andersen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Section 5712, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, University Hospital of Copenhagen and University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Pauliina Damdimopoulou
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden; Swetox, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Toxicology Sciences, 151 36, Södertälje, Sweden.
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Patisaul HB. REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY: Endocrine disruption and reproductive disorders: impacts on sexually dimorphic neuroendocrine pathways. Reproduction 2021; 162:F111-F130. [PMID: 33929341 PMCID: PMC8484365 DOI: 10.1530/rep-20-0596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We are all living with hundreds of anthropogenic chemicals in our bodies every day, a situation that threatens the reproductive health of present and future generations. This review focuses on endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs), both naturally occurring and man-made, and summarizes how they interfere with the neuroendocrine system to adversely impact pregnancy outcomes, semen quality, age at puberty, and other aspects of human reproductive health. While obvious malformations of the genitals and other reproductive organs are a clear sign of adverse reproductive health outcomes and injury to brain sexual differentiation, the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis can be much more difficult to discern, particularly in humans. It is well-established that, over the course of development, gonadal hormones shape the vertebrate brain such that sex-specific reproductive physiology and behaviors emerge. Decades of work in neuroendocrinology have elucidated many of the discrete and often very short developmental windows across pre- and postnatal development in which this occurs. This has allowed toxicologists to probe how EDC exposures in these critical windows can permanently alter the structure and function of the HPG axis. This review includes a discussion of key EDC principles including how latency between exposure and the emergence of consequential health effects can be long, along with a summary of the most common and less well-understood EDC modes of action. Extensive examples of how EDCs are impacting human reproductive health, and evidence that they have the potential for multi-generational physiological and behavioral effects are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather B Patisaul
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Seralini GE, Jungers G. Endocrine disruptors also function as nervous disruptors and can be renamed endocrine and nervous disruptors (ENDs). Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1538-1557. [PMID: 34430217 PMCID: PMC8365328 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine disruption (ED) and endocrine disruptors (EDs) emerged as scientific concepts in 1995, after numerous chemical pollutants were found to be responsible for reproductive dysfunction. The World Health Organization established in the United Nations Environment Programme a list of materials, plasticizers, pesticides, and various pollutants synthesized from petrochemistry that impact not only reproduction, but also hormonal functions, directly or indirectly. Cells communicate via either chemical or electrical signals transmitted within the endocrine or nervous systems. To investigate whether hormone disruptors may also interfere directly or indirectly with the development or functioning of the nervous system through either a neuroendocrine or a more general mechanism, we examined the scientific literature to ascertain the effects of EDs on the nervous system, specifically in the categories of neurotoxicity, cognition, and behaviour. To date, we demonstrated that all of the 177 EDs identified internationally by WHO are known to have an impact on the nervous system. Furthermore, the precise mechanisms underlying this neurodisruption have also been established. It was previously believed that EDs primarily function via the thyroid. However, this study presents substantial evidence that approximately 80 % of EDs operate via other mechanisms. It thus outlines a novel concept: EDs are also neurodisruptors (NDs) and can be collectively termed endocrine and nervous disruptors (ENDs). Most of ENDs are derived from petroleum residues, and their various mechanisms of action are similar to those of "spam" in electronic communications technologies. Therefore, ENDs can be considered as an instance of spam in a biological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles-Eric Seralini
- University of Caen Normandy, Network on Risks, Quality and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Sciences, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032, Caen, France
| | - Gerald Jungers
- University of Caen Normandy, Network on Risks, Quality and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Sciences, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032, Caen, France
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Marinello WP, Patisaul HB. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and placental function: Impact on fetal brain development. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2021; 92:347-400. [PMID: 34452690 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a critical time of vulnerability for the development of the fetal brain. Exposure to environmental pollutants at any point in pregnancy can negatively impact many aspects of fetal development, especially the organization and differentiation of the brain. The placenta performs a variety of functions that can help protect the fetus and sustain brain development. However, disruption of any of these functions can have negative impacts on both the pregnancy outcome and fetal neurodevelopment. This review presents current understanding of how environmental exposures, specifically to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), interfere with placental function and, in turn, neurodevelopment. Some of the key differences in placental development between animal models are presented, as well as how placental functions such as serving as a xenobiotic barrier and exchange organ, immune interface, regulator of growth and fetal oxygenation, and a neuroendocrine organ, could be vulnerable to environmental exposure. This review illustrates the importance of the placenta as a modulator of fetal brain development and suggests critical unexplored areas and possible vulnerabilities to environmental exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Marinello
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Heather B Patisaul
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.
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Perinatal effects of persistent organic pollutants on thyroid hormone concentration in placenta and breastmilk. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 87:100988. [PMID: 34238594 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.100988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) are known to play a critical role in regulating many biological processes including growth and development, energy homeostasis, thermogenesis, lipolysis and metabolism of cholesterol. Severe TH deficiency especially during fetal development results in cretinism, but can also lead to an imbalance in metabolism with, among others, an alteration in body weight composition. Over the past two decades, increasing evidence has shown that certain persistent organic pollutants (POP) can interfere with the endocrine system. These POP referred to as "endocrine disrupting chemicals" are widely present in the environment and populations are exposed globally. Moreover, epidemiological studies have shown that a particularly sensitive period is the pre- and postnatal time. Indeed, perinatal exposure to such chemicals could lead to the onset diseases in later life. It is known, that, maternal thyroid hormones are transported by the placenta to the fetus from 6 weeks of gestation and it seems that during the first trimester, and part of the second, the fetus is entirely dependent on maternal TH supply for its development. Interferences in the TH-network as a consequence of the exposure to such pollutants could cause variations in TH concentration. Only small changes in maternal thyroid hormone levels in early stages of pregnancy can influence fetal neurological and cardiovascular development, as well as according to recent studies, have effect on childhood body composition. With this review, we will report the most recent and important studies concerning the association between thyroid hormone concentration and POP levels measured during the perinatal period. We will mostly focus on the data recently reported on placenta and breastmilk as main sources for understanding the potential consequences of exposure. The possible link between exposure to pollutants, TH dysregulation and possible adverse outcome will also be briefly discussed. From our literature search, several studies support the hypothesis that pre- and postnatal exposure to different pollutants might play a role in causing variation in thyroid hormone concentration. However, few research papers have so far studied the relationship linking exposure to pollutants, TH concentration and possible health consequences. Therefore, this review highlights the need for further research in this direction.
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Patisaul HB. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and the neuroendocrine system: Beyond estrogen, androgen, and thyroid. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2021; 92:101-150. [PMID: 34452685 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hundreds of anthropogenic chemicals occupy our bodies, a situation that threatens the health of present and future generations. This chapter focuses on endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), both naturally occurring and man-made, that affect the neuroendocrine system to adversely impact health, with an emphasis on reproductive and metabolic pathways. The neuroendocrine system is highly sexually dimorphic and essential for maintaining homeostasis and appropriately responding to the environment. Comprising both neural and endocrine components, the neuroendocrine system is hormone sensitive throughout life and touches every organ system in the body. The integrative nature of the neuroendocrine system means that EDCs can have multi-system effects. Additionally, because gonadal hormones are essential for the sex-specific organization of numerous neuroendocrine pathways, endocrine disruption of this programming can lead to permanent deficits. Included in this review is a brief history of the neuroendocrine disruption field and a thorough discussion of the most common and less well understood neuroendocrine disruption modes of action. Also provided are extensive examples of how EDCs are likely contributing to neuroendocrine disorders such as obesity, and evidence that they have the potential for multi-generational effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather B Patisaul
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.
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Peltier MR, Fassett MJ, Arita Y, Chiu VY, Shi JM, Takhar HS, Mahfuz A, Garcia GS, Menon R, Getahun D. Women with high plasma levels of PBDE-47 are at increased risk of preterm birth. J Perinat Med 2021; 49:439-447. [PMID: 33554574 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2020-0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nearly 100% of North American women have detectable levels of flame retardants such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in their plasma. These molecules have structural homology to thyroid hormones and may function as endocrine disruptors. Thyroid dysfunction has previously been associated with increased risk for preterm birth. Therefore, we conducted a multi-center, case-cohort study to evaluate if high plasma concentrations of a common PBDE congener in the first trimester increases the risk of preterm birth and its subtypes. METHODS Pregnant women were recruited at the onset of initiation of prenatal care at Kaiser-Permanente Southern California (KPSC)-West Los Angeles and KPSC-San Diego medical centers. Plasma samples from women whose pregnancies ended preterm and random subset of those delivering at term were assayed for PBDE-47 and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) by immunoassay. Quartile cutoffs were calculated for the patients at term and used to determine if women with exposures in the 4th quartile are at increased risk for preterm birth using logistic regression. RESULTS We found that high concentrations of PBDE-47 in the first trimester significantly increased the odds of both indicated (adjusted odds ratio, adjOR=2.35, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.31, 4.21) and spontaneous (adjOR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.02, 3.03) preterm birth. Regardless of pregnancy outcome, TSH concentrations did not differ between women with high and low concentrations of PBDE-47. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that high plasma concentrations of PBDE-47 in the first trimester, increases the risk of indicated and spontaneous preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan R Peltier
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU-Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NYU-Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA
| | - Michael J Fassett
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaiser-Permanente West Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuko Arita
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU-Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA
| | - Vicki Y Chiu
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser-Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Jiaxiao M Shi
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser-Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Harpreet S Takhar
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser-Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Ali Mahfuz
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU-Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA
| | - Gildy S Garcia
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser-Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch-Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Darios Getahun
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser-Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA, USA
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Padmanabhan V, Song W, Puttabyatappa M. Praegnatio Perturbatio-Impact of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals. Endocr Rev 2021; 42:295-353. [PMID: 33388776 PMCID: PMC8152448 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnaa035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The burden of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth and low birth weight is considerable across the world. Several risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes have been identified. One risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes receiving considerable attention in recent years is gestational exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Humans are exposed to a multitude of environmental chemicals with known endocrine-disrupting properties, and evidence suggests exposure to these EDCs have the potential to disrupt the maternal-fetal environment culminating in adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. This review addresses the impact of maternal and fetal exposure to environmental EDCs of natural and man-made chemicals in disrupting the maternal-fetal milieu in human leading to adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes-a risk factor for adult-onset noncommunicable diseases, the role lifestyle and environmental factors play in mitigating or amplifying the effects of EDCs, the underlying mechanisms and mediators involved, and the research directions on which to focus future investigations to help alleviate the adverse effects of EDC exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenhui Song
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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The association between prenatal concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ether and child cognitive and psychomotor function. Environ Epidemiol 2021; 5:e156. [PMID: 34131617 PMCID: PMC8196085 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggest a negative association between prenatal polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) exposure and child cognitive and psychomotor development. However, the timing of the relationship between PBDE exposure and neurodevelopment is still unclear. We examined the association between PBDE concentration at two different prenatal times (early and late pregnancy) and cognitive function in children 6-8 years of age. Methods Eight hundred pregnant women were recruited between 2007 and 2009 from Sherbrooke, Canada. Four PBDE congeners (BDE-47, -99, -100, and -153) were measured in maternal plasma samples collected during early pregnancy (12 weeks of gestation) and at delivery. At 6-8 years of age, 355 children completed a series of subtests spanning multiple neuropsychologic domains: verbal and memory skills were measured using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition; visuospatial processing using both Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition and Neuropsychological Assessment second edition; and attention was assessed through the Test of Everyday Attention for Children. Additionally, parents completed subtests from the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire to measure child motor control. We used linear regression and quantile g-computation models to estimate associations of PBDE congener concentrations and psychologic test scores. Results In our models, no significant associations were detected between PBDE mixture and any of the child psychologic scores. BDE-99 concentration at delivery was nominally associated with higher scores on short-term and working memory while a decrease in spatial perception and reasoning was nominally associated with higher BDE-100 concentration at delivery. Conclusion Overall, our results did not show a significant association between PBDEs and child cognitive and motor development.
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Kitahara CM, Bjørge T, Grotmol T, Daltveit DS, Troisi R. Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals in utero and thyroid cancer risk in offspring - Authors' reply. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2021; 9:255-256. [PMID: 33770515 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(21)00073-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cari M Kitahara
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Tone Bjørge
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Rebecca Troisi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
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Wang X, Hales BF, Robaire B. Effects of flame retardants on ovarian function. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 102:10-23. [PMID: 33819575 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Flame retardants have been added to a variety of consumer products and are now found ubiquitously throughout the environment. Epidemiological, in vivo, and in vitro studies have shown that polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants may have a negative impact on human health; this has resulted in their phase-out and replacement by alternative flame retardants, such as hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), and organophosphate esters (OPEs). Evidence suggests that some of these chemicals induce ovarian dysfunction and thus may be detrimental to female fertility; however, the effects of many of these flame retardants on the ovary remain unclear. In this review, we present an overview of the effects of brominated and organophosphate ester flame retardants on ovarian function and discuss the possible mechanisms which may mediate these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Wang
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Barbara F Hales
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bernard Robaire
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Azar N, Booij L, Muckle G, Arbuckle TE, Séguin JR, Asztalos E, Fraser WD, Lanphear BP, Bouchard MF. Prenatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and cognitive ability in early childhood. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 146:106296. [PMID: 33395941 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) has been associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in children, but evidence remains mixed regarding sex differences in this association. OBJECTIVE To examine the prospective association between prenatal PBDE exposure and cognitive ability in young children, as well as potential sex differences. METHODS The study was conducted in a multi-site Canadian pregnancy cohort recruited in 2008-11. PBDEs were measured in maternal plasma samples collected early in pregnancy. Cognitive ability was assessed using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-III) in children at age 3 years (mean = 3.4). Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the association between maternal PBDE plasma concentrations (lipid-standardized and log10-transformed) and Verbal, Performance, and Full Scale IQ scores on the whole sample and stratified by sex, adjusting for confounders. RESULTS The sample was composed of 592 children (291 boys and 301 girls). A tenfold increase in maternal blood PBDE concentration (sum of BDE-47, -99, -100, and -153) was associated with lower Full Scale scores in boys (-3.4 points; 95% CI: -7.0, 0.1), after adjusting for confounders. BDE-47 was the congener with the highest concentrations in maternal blood and a tenfold increase in exposure was associated with significantly lower Full Scale IQ scores in boys (-4.4 points; 95% CI: -7.9, -0.9), after adjusting for confounders. Verbal and Performance IQ scores were similarly associated with PBDE exposure. Maternal blood PBDE concentrations were not associated with IQ scores in girls. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal exposure to background levels of PBDEs, especially BDE-47, was associated with lower IQ scores in boys, but not in girls. Our results support that exposure to PBDEs during early development may be sex-dependent and detrimental to a child's neurodevelopmental trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Azar
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Québec, Canada
| | - Linda Booij
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Gina Muckle
- School of Psychology, Université Laval, Ville de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Tye E Arbuckle
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean R Séguin
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Asztalos
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - William D Fraser
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche du CHUS (CHU de Sherbrooke), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Maryse F Bouchard
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Québec, Canada; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health of the University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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49
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Fu J, Guo Y, Wang M, Yang L, Han J, Lee JS, Zhou B. Bioconcentration of 2,4,6-tribromophenol (TBP) and thyroid endocrine disruption in zebrafish larvae. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 206:111207. [PMID: 32871520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
2,4,6-tribromophenol (TBP) is generally used as a brominated flame retardant but is produced in the degradation of tetrabromobisphenol-A. Although TBP is frequently detected in the environment and in various biota, including fish species, we still know little about its toxicity and environmental health risk. Here we investigated the bioconcentration and effects of TBP on the thyroid endocrine system by using zebrafish as a model. Zebrafish embryos (2 h post-fertilization, hpf) were exposed to five concentrations of TBP (0, 0.3, 1, 10, and 100 μg/L) until 144 hpf. According to our chemical analysis, TBP underwent bioconcentration in zebrafish larvae. However, acute exposure to TBP did not affect the hatching of embryos or their risk of malformation, nor the growth and survival of larvae, indicating low developmental toxicity of TBP. The whole-body thyroxine (T4) contents were significantly increased in zebrafish larvae after exposure to TBP, indicating thyroid endocrine disruption occurred. Gene transcription levels in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis were also examined in larvae; these results revealed that the transcription of corticotrophin-releasing hormone (crh), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (trh), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (tshβ) were all significantly downregulated by exposure to TBP. Likewise, genes encoding thyronine deiodinases (dio1, dio2, and dio3a/b) and thyroid hormone receptors (trα and trβ) also had their transcription downregulated in zebrafish. Further, the gene transcription and protein expression of binding and transport protein transthyretin (TTR) were significantly increased after TBP exposure. Taken together, our results suggest the bioavailability of and potential thyroid endocrine disruption by TBP in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongyong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lihua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jian Han
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Bingsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
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50
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Wilson HA, Creighton C, Scharfman H, Choleris E, MacLusky NJ. Endocrine Insights into the Pathophysiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Neuroscientist 2020; 27:650-667. [PMID: 32912048 DOI: 10.1177/1073858420952046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a class of neurodevelopmental disorders that affects males more frequently than females. Numerous genetic and environmental risk factors have been suggested to contribute to the development of ASD. However, no one factor can adequately explain either the frequency of the disorder or the male bias in its prevalence. Gonadal, thyroid, and glucocorticoid hormones all contribute to normal development of the brain, hence perturbations in either their patterns of secretion or their actions may constitute risk factors for ASD. Environmental factors may contribute to ASD etiology by influencing the development of neuroendocrine and neuroimmune systems during early life. Emerging evidence suggests that the placenta may be particularly important as a mediator of the actions of environmental and endocrine risk factors on the developing brain, with the male being particularly sensitive to these effects. Understanding how various risk factors integrate to influence neural development may facilitate a clearer understanding of the etiology of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley A Wilson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carolyn Creighton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Helen Scharfman
- Departments of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Neuroscience & Physiology, and Psychiatry, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.,Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Elena Choleris
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neil J MacLusky
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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