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Syage AR, Pachow C, Murray KM, Henningfield C, Fernandez K, Du A, Cheng Y, Olivarria G, Kawauchi S, MacGregor GR, Green KN, Lane TE. Cystatin F attenuates neuroinflammation and demyelination following murine coronavirus infection of the central nervous system. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:157. [PMID: 38879499 PMCID: PMC11179388 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03153-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystatin F is a secreted lysosomal cysteine protease inhibitor that has been implicated in affecting the severity of demyelination and enhancing remyelination in pre-clinical models of immune-mediated demyelination. How cystatin F impacts neurologic disease severity following viral infection of the central nervous system (CNS) has not been well characterized and was the focus of this study. We used cystatin F null-mutant mice (Cst7-/-) with a well-established model of murine coronavirus-induced neurologic disease to evaluate the contributions of cystatin F in host defense, demyelination and remyelination. METHODS Wildtype controls and Cst7-/- mice were intracranially (i.c.) infected with a sublethal dose of the neurotropic JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus (JHMV), with disease progression and survival monitored daily. Viral plaque assays and qPCR were used to assess viral levels in CNS. Immune cell infiltration into the CNS and immune cell activation were determined by flow cytometry and 10X genomics chromium 3' single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Spinal cord demyelination was determined by luxol fast blue (LFB) and Hematoxylin/Eosin (H&E) staining and axonal damage assessed by immunohistochemical staining for SMI-32. Remyelination was evaluated by electron microscopy (EM) and calculation of g-ratios. RESULTS JHMV-infected Cst7-/- mice were able to control viral replication within the CNS, indicating that cystatin F is not essential for an effective Th1 anti-viral immune response. Infiltration of T cells into the spinal cords of JHMV-infected Cst7-/- mice was increased compared to infected controls, and this correlated with increased axonal damage and demyelination associated with impaired remyelination. Single-cell RNA-seq of CD45 + cells enriched from spinal cords of infected Cst7-/- and control mice revealed enhanced expression of transcripts encoding T cell chemoattractants, Cxcl9 and Cxcl10, combined with elevated expression of interferon-g (Ifng) and perforin (Prf1) transcripts in CD8 + T cells from Cst7-/- mice compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS Cystatin F is not required for immune-mediated control of JHMV replication within the CNS. However, JHMV-infected Cst7-/- mice exhibited more severe clinical disease associated with increased demyelination and impaired remyelination. The increase in disease severity was associated with elevated expression of T cell chemoattractant chemokines, concurrent with increased neuroinflammation. These findings support the idea that cystatin F influences expression of proinflammatory gene expression impacting neuroinflammation, T cell activation and/or glia cell responses ultimately impacting neuroinflammation and neurologic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber R Syage
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, 92697, USA
| | - Collin Pachow
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, 92697, USA
| | - Kaitlin M Murray
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, 92697, USA
| | - Caden Henningfield
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, 92697, USA
| | - Kellie Fernandez
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, 92697, USA
| | - Annie Du
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, 92697, USA
| | - Yuting Cheng
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, 92697, USA
| | - Gema Olivarria
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, 92697, USA
| | - Shimako Kawauchi
- Transgenic Mouse Facility, ULAR, Office of Research, University of California, Irvine, 92697, USA
| | - Grant R MacGregor
- Department of Developmental & Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, 92697, USA
| | - Kim N Green
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, 92697, USA
| | - Thomas E Lane
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, 92697, USA.
- Center for Virus Research, University of California, Irvine, 92697, USA.
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Hughes EP, Syage AR, Mehrabad EM, Lane TE, Spike BT, Tantin D. OCA-B promotes autoimmune demyelination through control of stem-like CD4 + T cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.29.569210. [PMID: 38076925 PMCID: PMC10705450 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.29.569210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Stem-like T cell populations can selectively contribute to autoimmunity, but the activities that promote and sustain these populations are incompletely understood. Here, we show that T cell-intrinsic loss of the transcription cofactor OCA-B protects mice from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) while preserving responses to CNS infection. In adoptive transfer EAE models driven by multiple antigen encounters, OCA-B deletion nearly eliminates CNS infiltration, proinflammatory cytokine production and clinical disease. OCA-B-expressing CD4 + T cells within the CNS of mice with EAE comprise a minority of the population but display a memory phenotype and preferentially confer disease. In a relapsing-remitting EAE model, OCA-B T cell deficiency specifically protects mice from relapse. During remission, OCA-B promotes the expression of Tcf7 , Slamf6 , and Sell in proliferating T cell populations. At relapse, OCA-B loss results in both the accumulation of an immunomodulatory CD4 + T cell population expressing Ccr9 and Bach2 , and the loss of pro-inflammatory gene expression from Th17 cells. These results identify OCA-B as a driver of pathogenic stem-like T cells.
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Holloman BL, Cannon A, Wilson K, Singh N, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti P. Characterization of Chemotaxis-Associated Gene Dysregulation in Myeloid Cell Populations in the Lungs during Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Acute Lung Injury. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:2016-2028. [PMID: 37163318 PMCID: PMC10615667 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
During endotoxin-induced acute lung injury (ALI), immune cell recruitment resulting from chemotaxis is mediated by CXC and CC chemokines and their receptors. In this study, we investigated the role of chemokines and their receptors in the regulation of myeloid cell populations in the circulation and the lungs of C57BL/6J mice exhibiting LPS-mediated ALI using single-cell RNA sequencing. During ALI, there was an increase in the myeloid cells, M1 macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, and other granulocytes, whereas there was a decrease in the residential alveolar macrophages and M2 macrophages. Interestingly, LPS triggered the upregulation of CCL3, CCL4, CXCL2/3, and CXCL10 genes associated with cellular migration of various subsets of macrophages, neutrophils, and granulocytes. Furthermore, there was an increase in the frequency of myeloid cells expressing CCR1, CCR3, CCR5, and CXCR2 receptors during ALI. MicroRNA sequencing studies of vehicle versus LPS groups identified several dysregulated microRNAs targeting the upregulated chemokine genes. This study suggests that chemokine ligand-receptors interactions are responsible for myeloid cell heterogenicity and cellular recruitment to the lungs during ALI. The single-cell transcriptomics allowed for an in-depth assessment and characterization of myeloid cells involved in immune cell trafficking during ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Latrell Holloman
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Alkeiver Cannon
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Kiesha Wilson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Narendra Singh
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Prakash Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208
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Redenšek Trampuž S, Vogrinc D, Goričar K, Dolžan V. Shared miRNA landscapes of COVID-19 and neurodegeneration confirm neuroinflammation as an important overlapping feature. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1123955. [PMID: 37008787 PMCID: PMC10064073 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1123955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionDevelopment and worsening of most common neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis, have been associated with COVID-19 However, the mechanisms associated with neurological symptoms in COVID-19 patients and neurodegenerative sequelae are not clear. The interplay between gene expression and metabolite production in CNS is driven by miRNAs. These small non-coding molecules are dysregulated in most common neurodegenerative diseases and COVID-19.MethodsWe have performed a thorough literature screening and database mining to search for shared miRNA landscapes of SARS-CoV-2 infection and neurodegeneration. Differentially expressed miRNAs in COVID-19 patients were searched using PubMed, while differentially expressed miRNAs in patients with five most common neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis) were searched using the Human microRNA Disease Database. Target genes of the overlapping miRNAs, identified with the miRTarBase, were used for the pathway enrichment analysis performed with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Reactome.ResultsIn total, 98 common miRNAs were found. Additionally, two of them (hsa-miR-34a and hsa-miR-132) were highlighted as promising biomarkers of neurodegeneration, as they are dysregulated in all five most common neurodegenerative diseases and COVID-19. Additionally, hsa-miR-155 was upregulated in four COVID-19 studies and found to be dysregulated in neurodegeneration processes as well. Screening for miRNA targets identified 746 unique genes with strong evidence for interaction. Target enrichment analysis highlighted most significant KEGG and Reactome pathways being involved in signaling, cancer, transcription and infection. However, the more specific identified pathways confirmed neuroinflammation as being the most important shared feature.DiscussionOur pathway based approach has identified overlapping miRNAs in COVID-19 and neurodegenerative diseases that may have a valuable potential for neurodegeneration prediction in COVID-19 patients. Additionally, identified miRNAs can be further explored as potential drug targets or agents to modify signaling in shared pathways.Graphical AbstractShared miRNA molecules among the five investigated neurodegenerative diseases and COVID-19 were identified. The two overlapping miRNAs, hsa-miR-34a and has-miR-132, present potential biomarkers of neurodegenerative sequelae after COVID-19. Furthermore, 98 common miRNAs between all five neurodegenerative diseases together and COVID-19 were identified. A KEGG and Reactome pathway enrichment analyses was performed on the list of shared miRNA target genes and finally top 20 pathways were evaluated for their potential for identification of new drug targets. A common feature of identified overlapping miRNAs and pathways is neuroinflammation. AD, Alzheimer’s disease; ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; HD, Huntington’s disease; KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; MS, multiple sclerosis; PD, Parkinson’s disease.
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Papadopoulos KI, Papadopoulou A, Aw TC. Beauty and the beast: host microRNA-155 versus SARS-CoV-2. Hum Cell 2023; 36:908-922. [PMID: 36847920 PMCID: PMC9969954 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00867-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the young and healthy usually results in an asymptomatic or mild viral syndrome, possibly through an erythropoietin (EPO)-dependent, protective evolutionary landscape. In the old and in the presence of co-morbidities, however, a potentially lethal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cytokine storm, through unrestrained renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) hyperactivity, has been described. Multifunctional microRNA-155 (miR-155) elevation in malaria, dengue virus (DENV), the thalassemias, and SARS-CoV-1/2, plays critical antiviral and cardiovascular roles through its targeted translational repression of over 140 genes. In the present review, we propose a plausible miR-155-dependent mechanism whereby the translational repression of AGRT1, Arginase-2 and Ets-1, reshapes RAAS towards Angiotensin II (Ang II) type 2 (AT2R)-mediated balanced, tolerable, and SARS-CoV-2-protective cardiovascular phenotypes. In addition, it enhances EPO secretion and endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation and substrate availability, and negates proinflammatory Ang II effects. Disrupted miR-155 repression of AT1R + 1166C-allele, significantly associated with adverse cardiovascular and COVID-19 outcomes, manifests its decisive role in RAAS modulation. BACH1 and SOCS1 repression creates an anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective milieu, robustly inducing antiviral interferons. MiR-155 dysregulation in the elderly, and in comorbidities, allows unimpeded RAAS hyperactivity to progress towards a particularly aggressive COVID-19 course. Elevated miR-155 in thalassemia plausibly engenders a favorable cardiovascular profile and protection against malaria, DENV, and SARS-CoV-2. MiR-155 modulating pharmaceutical approaches could offer novel therapeutic options in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. I. Papadopoulos
- THAI StemLife, 566/3 Soi Ramkhamhaeng 39 (Thepleela 1), Prachaouthit Rd., Wangthonglang, Bangkok, 10310 Thailand
| | - A. Papadopoulou
- Occupational and Environmental Health Services, Feelgood Lund, Ideon Science Park, Scheelevägen 17, 223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | - T. C. Aw
- grid.413815.a0000 0004 0469 9373Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, 2 Simei Street 3, Singapore, 529889 Singapore
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228 Singapore
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Srivastava S, Garg I, Singh Y, Meena R, Ghosh N, Kumari B, Kumar V, Eslavath MR, Singh S, Dogra V, Bargotya M, Bhattar S, Gupta U, Jain S, Hussain J, Varshney R, Ganju L. Evaluation of altered miRNA expression pattern to predict COVID-19 severity. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13388. [PMID: 36743852 PMCID: PMC9889280 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic in December 2019 affected millions of people globally. After substantial research, several biomarkers for COVID-19 have been validated however no specific and reliable biomarker for the prognosis of patients with COVID-19 infection exists. Present study was designed to identify specific biomarkers to predict COVID-19 severity and tool for formulating treatment. A small cohort of subjects (n = 43) were enrolled and categorized in four study groups; Dead (n = 16), Severe (n = 10) and Moderate (n = 7) patients and healthy controls (n = 10). Small RNA sequencing was done on Illumina platform after isolation of microRNA from peripheral blood. Differential expression (DE) of miRNA (patients groups compared to control) revealed 118 down-regulated and 103 up-regulated known miRNAs with fold change (FC) expression ≥2 folds and p ≤ 0.05. DE miRNAs were then subjected to functional enrichment and network analysis. Bioinformatic analysis resulted in 31 miRNAs (24 Down-regulated; 7 up-regulated) significantly associated with COVID-19 having AUC>0.8 obtained from ROC curve. Seventeen out of 31 DE miRNAs have been linked to COVID-19 in previous studies. Three miRNAs, hsa-miR-147b-5p and hsa-miR-107 (down-regulated) and hsa-miR-1299 (up-regulated) showed significant unique DE in Dead patients. Another set of 4 miRNAs, hsa-miR-224-5p (down-regulated) and hsa-miR-4659b-3p, hsa-miR-495-3p and hsa-miR-335-3p were differentially up-regulated uniquely in Severe patients. Members of three miRNA families, hsa-miR-20, hsa-miR-32 and hsa-miR-548 were significantly down-regulated in all patients group in comparison to healthy controls. Thus a distinct miRNA expression profile was observed in Dead, Severe and Moderate COVID-19 patients. Present study suggests a panel of miRNAs which identified in COVID-19 patients and could be utilized as potential diagnostic biomarkers for predicting COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Srivastava
- Genomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Science (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India,Corresponding author
| | - Iti Garg
- Genomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Science (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India,Corresponding author
| | - Yamini Singh
- Genomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Science (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Ramesh Meena
- Genomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Science (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Nilanjana Ghosh
- Genomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Science (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Babita Kumari
- Genomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Science (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Genomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Science (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Malleswara Rao Eslavath
- Genomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Science (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Sayar Singh
- Genomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Science (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Vikas Dogra
- Pulmonary Medicine, Rajiv Gandhi Super Speciality Hospital (RGSSH), Delhi, India
| | - Mona Bargotya
- Pulmonary Medicine, Rajiv Gandhi Super Speciality Hospital (RGSSH), Delhi, India
| | - Sonali Bhattar
- Pulmonary Medicine, Rajiv Gandhi Super Speciality Hospital (RGSSH), Delhi, India
| | - Utkarsh Gupta
- Pulmonary Medicine, Rajiv Gandhi Super Speciality Hospital (RGSSH), Delhi, India
| | - Shruti Jain
- Pulmonary Medicine, Rajiv Gandhi Super Speciality Hospital (RGSSH), Delhi, India
| | - Javid Hussain
- Pulmonary Medicine, Rajiv Gandhi Super Speciality Hospital (RGSSH), Delhi, India
| | - Rajeev Varshney
- Genomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Science (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Lilly Ganju
- Genomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Science (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
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Schaettler MO, Desai R, Wang AZ, Livingstone AJ, Kobayashi DK, Coxon AT, Bowman-Kirigin JA, Liu CJ, Li M, Bender DE, White MJ, Kranz DM, Johanns TM, Dunn GP. TCR-engineered adoptive cell therapy effectively treats intracranial murine glioblastoma. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e006121. [PMID: 36808076 PMCID: PMC9944319 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adoptive cellular therapies with chimeric antigen receptor T cells have revolutionized the treatment of some malignancies but have shown limited efficacy in solid tumors such as glioblastoma and face a scarcity of safe therapeutic targets. As an alternative, T cell receptor (TCR)-engineered cellular therapy against tumor-specific neoantigens has generated significant excitement, but there exist no preclinical systems to rigorously model this approach in glioblastoma. METHODS We employed single-cell PCR to isolate a TCR specific for the Imp3D81N neoantigen (mImp3) previously identified within the murine glioblastoma model GL261. This TCR was used to generate the Mutant Imp3-Specific TCR TransgenIC (MISTIC) mouse in which all CD8 T cells are specific for mImp3. The therapeutic efficacy of neoantigen-specific T cells was assessed through a model of cellular therapy consisting of the transfer of activated MISTIC T cells and interleukin 2 into lymphodepleted tumor-bearing mice. We employed flow cytometry, single-cell RNA sequencing, and whole-exome and RNA sequencing to examine the factors underlying treatment response. RESULTS We isolated and characterized the 3×1.1C TCR that displayed a high affinity for mImp3 but no wild-type cross-reactivity. To provide a source of mImp3-specific T cells, we generated the MISTIC mouse. In a model of adoptive cellular therapy, the infusion of activated MISTIC T cells resulted in rapid intratumoral infiltration and profound antitumor effects with long-term cures in a majority of GL261-bearing mice. The subset of mice that did not respond to the adoptive cell therapy showed evidence of retained neoantigen expression but intratumoral MISTIC T cell dysfunction. The efficacy of MISTIC T cell therapy was lost in mice bearing a tumor with heterogeneous mImp3 expression, showcasing the barriers to targeted therapy in polyclonal human tumors. CONCLUSIONS We generated and characterized the first TCR transgenic against an endogenous neoantigen within a preclinical glioma model and demonstrated the therapeutic potential of adoptively transferred neoantigen-specific T cells. The MISTIC mouse provides a powerful novel platform for basic and translational studies of antitumor T-cell responses in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian O Schaettler
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Rupen Desai
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Anthony Z Wang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Dale K Kobayashi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Andrew T Coxon
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jay A Bowman-Kirigin
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Connor J Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Diane E Bender
- Bursky Center for Human Immunology & Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael J White
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - David M Kranz
- Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Tanner M Johanns
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Gavin P Dunn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Mahdavi Anari SR, Kheirkhah B, Amini K, Roozafzai F. Expression of MicroRNA-155 in Patients with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, Coronavirus Disease 2019, or Both: A Cross-Sectional Study. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 48:26-34. [PMID: 36688191 PMCID: PMC9843467 DOI: 10.30476/ijms.2022.91669.2282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is the eleventh leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of NHL. Up to winter 2021-2022, the death toll caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has exceeded 5.6 million worldwide. Possible molecular mechanisms involved in the systemic inflammation, and cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients are still not fully understood. MicroRNA-155 (miR-155) plays a role in the post-transcriptional gene regulation of hematopoiesis, oncogenesis, and inflammation. The present study aimed to evaluate the expression of miR-155 in patients with DLBCL and/or COVID-19. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from July to December 2020 in Tehran (Iran) to evaluate the expression of miR-155 in adult patients diagnosed with DLBCL and/or COVID-19. The real-time polymerase chain reaction technique was used to evaluate the expression of miR-155 in the sera of 92 adults who were either healthy or suffering from DLBCL and/or COVID-19. Relative quantification of gene expression was calculated in terms of cycle threshold (Ct) value. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The expression of miR-155 was not associated with the sex or age of the participants. In comparison with healthy individuals (-ΔCt -1.92±0.25), the expression of miR-155 increased in patients with COVID-19 (1.95±0.14), DLBCL (2.25±0.16), or both (4.33±0.65). Conclusion The expression of miR-155 increased in patients with DLBCL and/or COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Babak Kheirkhah
- Department of Biology, Sirjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sirjan, Iran,
Department of Microbiology, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Kumarss Amini
- Department of Microbiology, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran
| | - Farzin Roozafzai
- Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Role of miR-155 in inflammatory autoimmune diseases: a comprehensive review. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:1501-1517. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01643-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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10
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Ahmed JQ, Maulud SQ, Dhawan M, Priyanka, Choudhary OP, Jalal PJ, Ali RK, Tayib GA, Hasan DA. MicroRNAs in the development of potential therapeutic targets against COVID-19: A narrative review. J Infect Public Health 2022; 15:788-799. [PMID: 35751930 PMCID: PMC9221922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As the therapeutic regimens against the COVID-19 remain scarce, the microRNAs (miRNAs) can be exploited to generate efficient therapeutic targets. The miRNAs have been found to play pivotal roles in the several regulatory functions influencing the prognosis of viral infection. The miRNAs have a prospective role in the up and down regulation of the ACE2 receptors. This review examines the clinical applications, as well as the possible threats associated with the use of miRNAs to combat the deleterious consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methodology This article was compiled to evaluate how the miRNAs are involved in the SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and infection, and their potential functions which could help in the development of therapeutic targets against the COVID-19. The sources of the collected information include the several journals, databases and scientific search engines such as the Google scholar, Pubmed, Science direct, official website of WHO, among the other sites. The investigations on the online platform were conducted using the keywords miRNA biogenesis, miRNA and ACE2 interaction, therapeutic role of miRNAs against SARS-CoV-2 and miRNA therapy side effects. Results This review has highlighted that the miRNAs can be exploited to generate potential therapeutic targets against the COVID-19. Changes in the miRNA levels following viral replication are an essential component of the host response to infection. The collection and modification of miRNA modulates may help to minimize the deleterious consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection, such as by controlling or inhibiting the generation of cytokines and chemokines. The degradation of viral RNA by the cellular miRNAs, along with the reduced expression of ACE2 receptors, can substantially reduce the viral load. Specific miRNAs have been found to have an antiviral influence, allowing the immune system to combat the infection or forcing the virus into a latency stage. Conclusion This review summarizes several studies revealing the involvement of miRNAs in diverse and complex processes during the infection process of SARS-CoV-2. The miRNAs can substantially reduce the viral load by degradation of viral RNA and reduced expression of ACE2 receptors, besides mitigating the deleterious consequences of the exaggerated secretion of cytokines. Extensive investigations need to be done by the scientific community to utilize the miRNA based strategies for the development of effective therapeutic targets against the COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jivan Qasim Ahmed
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Sazan Qadir Maulud
- Department of Biology, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Manish Dhawan
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 Punjab, India; Trafford College, Altrincham, Manchester, WA14 5PQ, UK
| | - Priyanka
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Rampura Phul, Bathinda 151103, Punjab, India.
| | - Om Prakash Choudhary
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (I), Selesih, Aizawl, 796015, Mizoram, India.
| | - Paywast Jamal Jalal
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Rezhna Kheder Ali
- Department of Biology, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
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11
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Hohsfield LA, Tsourmas KI, Ghorbanian Y, Syage AR, Jin Kim S, Cheng Y, Furman S, Inlay MA, Lane TE, Green KN. MAC2 is a long-lasting marker of peripheral cell infiltrates into the mouse CNS after bone marrow transplantation and coronavirus infection. Glia 2022; 70:875-891. [PMID: 35025109 PMCID: PMC8930563 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are the primary resident myeloid cells of the brain responsible for maintaining homeostasis and protecting the central nervous system (CNS) from damage and infection. Monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages arising from the periphery have also been implicated in CNS pathologies, however, distinguishing between different myeloid cell populations in the CNS has been difficult. Here, we set out to develop a reliable histological marker that can assess distinct myeloid cell heterogeneity and functional contributions, particularly in the context of disease and/or neuroinflammation. scRNAseq from brains of mice infected with the neurotropic JHM strain of the mouse hepatitis virus (JHMV), a mouse coronavirus, revealed that Lgals3 is highly upregulated in monocyte and macrophage populations, but not in microglia. Subsequent immunostaining for galectin-3 (encoded by Lgals3), also referred to as MAC2, highlighted the high expression levels of MAC2 protein in infiltrating myeloid cells in JHMV-infected and bone marrow (BM) chimeric mice, in stark contrast to microglia, which expressed little to no staining in these models. Expression of MAC2 was found even 6-10 months following BM-derived cell infiltration into the CNS. We also demonstrate that MAC2 is not a specific label for plaque-associated microglia in the 5xFAD mouse model, but only appears in a distinct subset of these cells in the presence of JHMV infection or during aging. Our data suggest that MAC2 can serve as a reliable and long-lasting histological marker for monocyte/macrophages in the brain, identifying an accessible approach to distinguishing resident microglia from infiltrating cells in the CNS under certain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A Hohsfield
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Kate I Tsourmas
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Yasamine Ghorbanian
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Amber R Syage
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Sung Jin Kim
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Yuting Cheng
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Susana Furman
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Matthew A Inlay
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Thomas E Lane
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Kim N Green
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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12
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Zingale VD, Gugliandolo A, Mazzon E. MiR-155: An Important Regulator of Neuroinflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:90. [PMID: 35008513 PMCID: PMC8745074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and that play an important role in many cellular processes, including modulation of inflammation. MiRNAs are present in high concentrations in the central nervous system (CNS) and are spatially and temporally expressed in a specific way. Therefore, an imbalance in the expression pattern of these small molecules can be involved in the development of neurological diseases. Generally, CNS responds to damage or disease through the activation of an inflammatory response, but many neurological disorders are characterized by uncontrolled neuroinflammation. Many studies support the involvement of miRNAs in the activation or inhibition of inflammatory signaling and in the promotion of uncontrolled neuroinflammation with pathological consequences. MiR-155 is a pro-inflammatory mediator of the CNS and plays an important regulatory role. The purpose of this review is to summarize how miR-155 is regulated and the pathological consequences of its deregulation during neuroinflammatory disorders, including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and other neuroinflammatory disorders. Modulation of miRNAs' expression could be used as a therapeutic strategy in the treatment of pathological neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agnese Gugliandolo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy; (V.D.Z.); (E.M.)
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13
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Zhang Y, Chen J, Fu H, Kuang S, He F, Zhang M, Shen Z, Qin W, Lin Z, Huang S. Exosomes derived from 3D-cultured MSCs improve therapeutic effects in periodontitis and experimental colitis and restore the Th17 cell/Treg balance in inflamed periodontium. Int J Oral Sci 2021; 13:43. [PMID: 34907166 PMCID: PMC8671433 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-021-00150-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-exos) have been shown to have therapeutic effects in experimental periodontitis, their drawbacks, such as low yield and limited efficacy, have hampered their clinical application. These drawbacks can be largely reduced by replacing the traditional 2D culture system with a 3D system. However, the potential function of MSC-exos produced by 3D culture (3D-exos) in periodontitis remains elusive. This study showed that compared with MSC-exos generated via 2D culture (2D-exos), 3D-exos showed enhanced anti-inflammatory effects in a ligature-induced model of periodontitis by restoring the reactive T helper 17 (Th17) cell/Treg balance in inflamed periodontal tissues. Mechanistically, 3D-exos exhibited greater enrichment of miR-1246, which can suppress the expression of Nfat5, a key factor that mediates Th17 cell polarization in a sequence-dependent manner. Furthermore, we found that recovery of the Th17 cell/Treg balance in the inflamed periodontium by the local injection of 3D-exos attenuated experimental colitis. Our study not only showed that by restoring the Th17 cell/Treg balance through the miR-1246/Nfat5 axis, the 3D culture system improved the function of MSC-exos in the treatment of periodontitis, but also it provided a basis for treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by restoring immune responses in the inflamed periodontium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiayao Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haijun Fu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuhong Kuang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng He
- Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zongshan Shen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhengmei Lin
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shuheng Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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14
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Khokhar M, Tomo S, Purohit P. MicroRNAs based regulation of cytokine regulating immune expressed genes and their transcription factors in COVID-19. Meta Gene 2021; 31:100990. [PMID: 34722158 PMCID: PMC8547816 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2021.100990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 is characterized by the elevation of a broad spectrum of inflammatory mediators associated with poor disease outcomes. We aimed at an in-silico analysis of regulatory microRNA and their transcription factors (TF) for these inflammatory genes that may help to devise potential therapeutic strategies in the future. Methods The cytokine regulating immune-expressed genes (CRIEG) were sorted from literature and the GEO microarray dataset. Their co-differentially expressed miRNA and transcription factors were predicted from publicly available databases. Enrichment analysis was done through mienturnet, MiEAA, Gene Ontology, and pathways predicted by KEGG and Reactome pathways. Finally, the functional and regulatory features were analyzed and visualized through Cytoscape. Results Sixteen CRIEG were observed to have a significant protein-protein interaction network. The ontological analysis revealed significantly enriched pathways for biological processes, molecular functions, and cellular components. The search performed in the miRNA database yielded ten miRNAs that are significantly involved in regulating these genes and their transcription factors. Conclusion An in-silico representation of a network involving miRNAs, CRIEGs, and TF, which take part in the inflammatory response in COVID-19, has been elucidated. Thus, these regulatory factors may have potentially critical roles in the inflammatory response in COVID-19 and may be explored further to develop targeted therapeutic strategies and mechanistic validation.
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Key Words
- AHR, Aryl hydrocarbon receptor
- ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome
- BAL, Bronchoalveolar Lavage
- CC, Cellular components
- CCL, Chemokine (C-C motif) ligands
- CCL2, C-C motif chemokine 2
- CCL3, C-C motif chemokine 3
- CCL4, C-C motif chemokine 4
- CCR, CC chemokine receptor
- CEBPA, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha
- COVID-19
- COVID-19, Coronavirus Disease 2019
- CREM, cAMP responsive element modulator
- CRIEGs, Cytokine regulating immune expressed genes
- CSF2, Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
- CSF3, Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
- CXCL10, C-X-C motif chemokine 10
- CXCL2, Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2
- CXCL8, Interleukin-8
- CXCR, C-X-C chemokine receptor
- Cytokine storm
- Cytokines
- DDIT3, DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein
- DEGs, Differentially expressed genes
- E2F1, Transcription factor E2F1
- EGR1, Early growth response protein 1
- EP300, Histone acetyltransferase p300
- ESR1, Estrogen receptor, Nuclear hormone receptor
- ETS2, Protein C-ets-2
- FOXP3, Forkhead box protein P3
- GO, Gene Ontology
- GSEs, Gene Series Expressions
- HDAC1, Histone deacetylase 1
- HDAC2, Histone deacetylase 2
- HSF1, Heat shock factor protein 1
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- IL10, Interleukin-10
- IL17A, Interleukin-17A
- IL1B, Interleukin-1
- IL2, Interleukin-2
- IL6, Interleukin-6
- IL7, Interleukin-7
- IL9, Interleukin-9
- IP-10, Interferon-Inducible Protein 10
- IRF1, Interferon regulatory factor 1
- Immuno-interactomics
- JAK-STAT, Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator
- JAK2, Tyrosine-protein kinase JAK2
- JUN, Transcription factor AP-1
- KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
- KLF4, Krueppel-like factor 4
- MicroRNA, SARS-CoV-2
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- NFAT5, Nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5
- NFKB1, Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit
- NFKBIA, NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha
- NR1I2, Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2
- PDM, peripheral blood mononuclear cell
- REL, Proto-oncogene c-Rel
- RELA, Transcription factor p65
- RUNX1, Runt-related transcription factor 1
- SARS-CoV-2, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
- SIRT1, NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1
- SP1, Transcription factor Sp1
- SPI1, Transcription factor PU.1
- STAT1, Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta
- STAT3, Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- TLR3, Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)
- TNF, Tumor necrosis factor
- TNF-α, Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha
- VDR, Vitamin D3 receptor
- XBP1, X-box-binding protein 1
- ZFP36, mRNA decay activator protein ZFP36
- ZNF300, Zinc finger protein 300, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)
- miEAA, miRNA Enrichment Analysis and Annotation t
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Khokhar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur 342005, India
| | - Sojit Tomo
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur 342005, India
| | - Purvi Purohit
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur 342005, India
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15
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Amini-Farsani Z, Yadollahi-Farsani M, Arab S, Forouzanfar F, Yadollahi M, Asgharzade S. Prediction and analysis of microRNAs involved in COVID-19 inflammatory processes associated with the NF-kB and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 100:108071. [PMID: 34482267 PMCID: PMC8378592 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is the cause of a pandemic associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. As yet, there is no available approved drug to eradicate the virus. In this review article, we present an alternative study area that may contribute to the development of therapeutic targets for COVID-19. Growing evidence is revealing further pathophysiological mechanisms of COVID-19 related to the disregulation of inflammation pathways that seem to play a critical role toward COVID-19 complications. The NF-kB and JAK/STAT signaling pathways are highly activated in acute inflammation, and the excessive activity of these pathways in COVID-19 patients likely exacerbates the inflammatory responses of the host. A group of non-coding RNAs (miRNAs) manage certain features of the inflammatory process. In this study, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of miRNAs and their connection to inflammatory responses. Additionally, we consider the link between perturbations in miRNA levels and the onset of COVID-19 disease. Furthermore, previous studies published in the online databases, namely web of science, MEDLINE (PubMed), and Scopus, were reviewed for the potential role of miRNAs in the inflammatory manifestations of COVID-19. Moreover, we disclosed the interactions of inflammatory genes using STRING DB and designed interactions between miRNAs and target genes using Cityscape software. Several miRNAs, particularly miR-9, miR-98, miR-223, and miR-214, play crucial roles in the regulation of NF-kB and JAK-STAT signaling pathways as inflammatory regulators. Therefore, this group of miRNAs that mitigate inflammatory pathways can be further regarded as potential targets for far-reaching-therapeutic strategies in COVID-19 diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Amini-Farsani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran; Department of Biology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mahtab Yadollahi-Farsani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Samaneh Arab
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Forouzanfar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mitra Yadollahi
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Samira Asgharzade
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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16
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McDonald JT, Enguita FJ, Taylor D, Griffin RJ, Priebe W, Emmett MR, Sajadi MM, Harris AD, Clement J, Dybas JM, Aykin-Burns N, Guarnieri JW, Singh LN, Grabham P, Baylin SB, Yousey A, Pearson AN, Corry PM, Saravia-Butler A, Aunins TR, Sharma S, Nagpal P, Meydan C, Foox J, Mozsary C, Cerqueira B, Zaksas V, Singh U, Wurtele ES, Costes SV, Davanzo GG, Galeano D, Paccanaro A, Meinig SL, Hagan RS, Bowman NM, Wolfgang MC, Altinok S, Sapoval N, Treangen TJ, Moraes-Vieira PM, Vanderburg C, Wallace DC, Schisler JC, Mason CE, Chatterjee A, Meller R, Beheshti A. Role of miR-2392 in driving SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109839. [PMID: 34624208 PMCID: PMC8481092 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation that have a major impact on many diseases and provide an exciting avenue toward antiviral therapeutics. From patient transcriptomic data, we determined that a circulating miRNA, miR-2392, is directly involved with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) machinery during host infection. Specifically, we show that miR-2392 is key in driving downstream suppression of mitochondrial gene expression, increasing inflammation, glycolysis, and hypoxia, as well as promoting many symptoms associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. We demonstrate that miR-2392 is present in the blood and urine of patients positive for COVID-19 but is not present in patients negative for COVID-19. These findings indicate the potential for developing a minimally invasive COVID-19 detection method. Lastly, using in vitro human and in vivo hamster models, we design a miRNA-based antiviral therapeutic that targets miR-2392, significantly reduces SARS-CoV-2 viability in hamsters, and may potentially inhibit a COVID-19 disease state in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tyson McDonald
- COVID-19 International Research Team; Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Francisco J Enguita
- COVID-19 International Research Team; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Deanne Taylor
- COVID-19 International Research Team; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert J Griffin
- COVID-19 International Research Team; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AK 72211, USA
| | - Waldemar Priebe
- COVID-19 International Research Team; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mark R Emmett
- COVID-19 International Research Team; University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | | | - Anthony D Harris
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jean Clement
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Joseph M Dybas
- COVID-19 International Research Team; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Joseph W Guarnieri
- COVID-19 International Research Team; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Larry N Singh
- COVID-19 International Research Team; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Peter Grabham
- COVID-19 International Research Team; Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Stephen B Baylin
- COVID-19 International Research Team; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Aliza Yousey
- COVID-19 International Research Team; Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | | | - Peter M Corry
- COVID-19 International Research Team; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AK 72211, USA
| | - Amanda Saravia-Butler
- COVID-19 International Research Team; Logyx LLC, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | | | - Sadhana Sharma
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA; Sachi Bioworks Inc., Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - Prashant Nagpal
- Sachi Bioworks Inc., Boulder, CO 80301, USA; Antimicrobial Regeneration Consortium, Boulder Labs, Boulder, CO 80301, USA; Quantum Biology Inc., Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - Cem Meydan
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | | | - Bianca Cerqueira
- COVID-19 International Research Team; KBR Space & Science, San Antonio, TX 78235, USA; United States Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX 78236, USA
| | - Viktorija Zaksas
- COVID-19 International Research Team; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60615, USA
| | - Urminder Singh
- COVID-19 International Research Team; Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Eve Syrkin Wurtele
- COVID-19 International Research Team; Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | | | | | - Diego Galeano
- COVID-19 International Research Team; Fundação Getulio Vargas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; National University of Asuncion, San Lorenzo, Central, Paraguay
| | - Alberto Paccanaro
- COVID-19 International Research Team; Fundação Getulio Vargas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; University of London, Egham Hill, Egham, UK
| | - Suzanne L Meinig
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Robert S Hagan
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Natalie M Bowman
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Selin Altinok
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Douglas C Wallace
- COVID-19 International Research Team; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jonathan C Schisler
- COVID-19 International Research Team; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Christopher E Mason
- COVID-19 International Research Team; Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anushree Chatterjee
- COVID-19 International Research Team; University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA; Sachi Bioworks Inc., Boulder, CO 80301, USA; Antimicrobial Regeneration Consortium, Boulder Labs, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - Robert Meller
- COVID-19 International Research Team; Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Afshin Beheshti
- COVID-19 International Research Team; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; KBR, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
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17
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Hu J, Stojanović J, Yasamineh S, Yasamineh P, Karuppannan SK, Hussain Dowlath MJ, Serati-Nouri H. The potential use of microRNAs as a therapeutic strategy for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Arch Virol 2021; 166:2649-2672. [PMID: 34278528 PMCID: PMC8286877 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05152-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To date, there is no effective therapeutic approach for treating SARS-CoV-2 infections. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been recognized to target the viral genome directly or indirectly, thereby inhibiting viral replication. Several studies have demonstrated that host miRNAs target different sites in SARS-CoV-2 RNA and constrain the production of essential viral proteins. Furthermore, miRNAs have lower toxicity, are more immunogenic, and are more diverse than protein-based and even plasmid-DNA-based therapeutic agents. In this review, we emphasize the role of miRNAs in viral infection and their potential use as therapeutic agents against COVID-19 disease. The potential of novel miRNA delivery strategies, especially EDV™ nanocells, for targeting lung tissue for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiulue Hu
- Zhang Zhongjing College of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, 473004, Henan, China
| | - Jelena Stojanović
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science in Belgrade, ALFA BK University, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Saman Yasamineh
- Young Researcher and Elite Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Pooneh Yasamineh
- Young Researcher and Elite Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sathish Kumar Karuppannan
- Center for Environmental Nuclear Research, Directorate of Research and Virtual Education, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammed Junaid Hussain Dowlath
- Center for Environmental Nuclear Research, Directorate of Research and Virtual Education, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hamed Serati-Nouri
- Stem cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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18
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Zhang H, Chen H, Zhang J, Chen X, Guo B, Zhi P, Li Z, Liu G, Yang B, Chi X, Wang Y, Cao F, Ren J, Lu X. Bioinformatics analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection-associated immune injury and therapeutic prediction for COVID-19. EMERGENCY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE 2021; 1:20-28. [PMID: 38630100 PMCID: PMC8447736 DOI: 10.1097/ec9.0000000000000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is a highly contagious viral infection, without any available targeted therapies. The high mortality rate of COVID-19 is speculated to be related to immune damage. Methods In this study, clinical bioinformatics analysis was conducted on transcriptome data of coronavirus infection. Results Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the complex immune injury induced by coronavirus infection provoked dysfunction of numerous immune-related molecules and signaling pathways, including immune cells and toll-like receptor cascades. Production of numerous cytokines through the Th17 signaling pathway led to elevation in plasma levels of cytokines (including IL6, NF-κB, and TNF-α) followed by concurrent inflammatory storm, which mediates the autoimmune response. Several novel medications seemed to display therapeutic effects on immune damage associated with coronavirus infection. Conclusions This study provided insights for further large-scale studies on the target therapy on reconciliation of immunological damage associated with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haomin Zhang
- Department of Hematology, the Second Medical Center of the China PLA General Hospital & National Center for Clinical Medicine of Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Haoran Chen
- Management School, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jundong Zhang
- Department of Hematology, the Second Medical Center of the China PLA General Hospital & National Center for Clinical Medicine of Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ximeng Chen
- Chinese Journal of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Guo
- Department of Personnel, Cardiovascular Disease Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
| | - Peng Zhi
- Department of Hematology, the Second Medical Center of the China PLA General Hospital & National Center for Clinical Medicine of Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
- Management School, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhuoyang Li
- Management School, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Geliang Liu
- Management School, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Hematology, the Second Medical Center of the China PLA General Hospital & National Center for Clinical Medicine of Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohua Chi
- Department of Pharmacy, China PLA Special Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yixing Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Medical Center of the China PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ren
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Xuechun Lu
- Department of Hematology, the Second Medical Center of the China PLA General Hospital & National Center for Clinical Medicine of Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
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McDonald JT, Enguita FJ, Taylor D, Griffin RJ, Priebe W, Emmett MR, Sajadi MM, Harris AD, Clement J, Dybas JM, Aykin-Burns N, Guarnieri JW, Singh LN, Grabham P, Baylin SB, Yousey A, Pearson AN, Corry PM, Saravia-Butler A, Aunins TR, Sharma S, Nagpal P, Meydan C, Foox J, Mozsary C, Cerqueira B, Zaksas V, Singh U, Wurtele ES, Costes SV, Davanzo GG, Galeano D, Paccanaro A, Meinig SL, Hagan RS, Bowman NM, Wolfgang MC, Altinok S, Sapoval N, Treangen TJ, Moraes-Vieira PM, Vanderburg C, Wallace DC, Schisler J, Mason CE, Chatterjee A, Meller R, Beheshti A. The Great Deceiver: miR-2392's Hidden Role in Driving SARS-CoV-2 Infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 33948587 DOI: 10.1101/2021.04.23.441024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation that have a major impact on many diseases and provides an exciting avenue towards antiviral therapeutics. From patient transcriptomic data, we have discovered a circulating miRNA, miR-2392, that is directly involved with SARS-CoV-2 machinery during host infection. Specifically, we show that miR-2392 is key in driving downstream suppression of mitochondrial gene expression, increasing inflammation, glycolysis, and hypoxia as well as promoting many symptoms associated with COVID-19 infection. We demonstrate miR-2392 is present in the blood and urine of COVID-19 positive patients, but not detected in COVID-19 negative patients. These findings indicate the potential for developing a novel, minimally invasive, COVID-19 detection method. Lastly, using in vitro human and in vivo hamster models, we have developed a novel miRNA-based antiviral therapeutic that targets miR-2392, significantly reduces SARS-CoV-2 viability in hamsters and may potentially inhibit a COVID-19 disease state in humans.
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20
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Akbari B, Ghahri-Saremi N, Soltantoyeh T, Hadjati J, Ghassemi S, Mirzaei HR. Epigenetic strategies to boost CAR T cell therapy. Mol Ther 2021; 29:2640-2659. [PMID: 34365035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has led to a paradigm shift in cancer immunotherapy, but still several obstacles limit CAR T cell efficacy in cancers. Advances in high-throughput technologies revealed new insights into the role that epigenetic reprogramming plays in T cells. Mechanistic studies as well as comprehensive epigenome maps revealed an important role for epigenetic remodeling in T cell differentiation. These modifications shape the overall immune response through alterations in T cell phenotype and function. Here, we outline how epigenetic modifications in CAR T cells can overcome barriers limiting CAR T cell effectiveness, particularly in immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments. We also offer our perspective on how selected epigenetic modifications can boost CAR T cells to ultimately improve the efficacy of CAR T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnia Akbari
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran
| | - Navid Ghahri-Saremi
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran
| | - Tahereh Soltantoyeh
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran
| | - Jamshid Hadjati
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran
| | - Saba Ghassemi
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hamid Reza Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran.
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21
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Delavari F, Varzaneh FN, Rezaei N. Neurologic Manifestations of COVID-19. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1318:343-353. [PMID: 33973188 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-63761-3_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Neurological manifestations of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are reported to occur in as much as 37% of the affected patients. These manifestations range from headache and dizziness to altered mental status and consciousness, anosmia, ageusia, sensory disturbances, and stroke. The mechanisms by which the neurological symptoms arise are not yet determined but may either proceed as an indirect consequence of systemic hyperinflammation or result from the direct invasion of the virus to neural and glial cells. The neural invasion can explain both the retrograde pathway of encephalitis and the early manifestation of anosmia by invading the olfactory bulb. Moreover, in the case of attacking the brain stem, it may take part in the early apnea manifestation reported by patients. Additionally, neurotropism of the virus could be the cause of acute hemorrhagic encephalitis. Hyperinflammation can have acute and prolonged effects in the nervous system, such as acute demyelination and predisposition to multiple sclerosis. Moreover, the pro-inflammatory state contributes to hypercoagulation, which in turn could result in cerebrovascular injuries in COVID-19 patients. This chapter would discuss that the neurologic manifestations of the COVID-19 are to be looked at as a multifactorial entangled phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Delavari
- University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Interactive Research Education and Training Association (IRETA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farnaz Najmi Varzaneh
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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22
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Abu-Izneid T, AlHajri N, Ibrahim AM, Javed MN, Salem KM, Pottoo FH, Kamal MA. Micro-RNAs in the regulation of immune response against SARS CoV-2 and other viral infections. J Adv Res 2021; 30:133-145. [PMID: 33282419 PMCID: PMC7708232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Micro-RNAs (miRNAS) are non-coding, small RNAs that have essential roles in different biological processes through silencing genes, they consist of 18-24 nucleotide length RNA molecules. Recently, miRNAs have been viewed as important modulators of viral infections they can function as suppressors of gene expression by targeting cellular or viral RNAs during infection. Aim of review We describe the biological roles and effects of miRNAs on SARS-CoV-2 life-cycle and pathogenicity, and we discuss the modulation of the immune system with micro-RNAs which would serve as a new foundation for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infections. Key scientific concepts of review miRNAs are the key players that regulate the expression of the gene in the post-transcriptional phase and have important effects on viral infections, thus are potential targets in the development of novel therapeutics for the treatment of viral infections. Besides, micro-RNAs (miRNAs) modulation of immune-pathogenesis responses to viral infection is one of the most-known indirect effects, which leads to suppressing of the interferon (IFN-α/β) signalling cascade or upregulation of the IFN-α/β production another IFN-stimulated gene (ISGs) that inhibit replication of the virus. These virus-mediated alterations in miRNA levels lead to an environment that might either enhance or inhibit virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareq Abu-Izneid
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noora AlHajri
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Medicine, Khalifa University, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdallah Mohammad Ibrahim
- Fundamentals of Nursing Department, College of Nursing, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Noushad Javed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New-Delhi, India
| | - Khairi Mustafa Salem
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Faheem Hyder Pottoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- West China School of Nursing/Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Enzymoics, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
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23
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Jamalkhah M, Asaadi Y, Azangou-Khyavy M, Khanali J, Soleimani M, Kiani J, Arefian E. MSC-derived exosomes carrying a cocktail of exogenous interfering RNAs an unprecedented therapy in era of COVID-19 outbreak. J Transl Med 2021; 19:164. [PMID: 33888147 PMCID: PMC8061879 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02840-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The onset of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has resulted in ever-increasing casualties worldwide, and after 15 months, standard therapeutic regimens are yet to be discovered. MAIN BODY Due to the regenerative and immunomodulatory function of MSCs, they can serve as a suitable therapeutic option in alleviating major COVID-19 complications like acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, the superior properties of their cognate exosomes as a cell-free product make them preferable in the clinic. Herein, we discuss the current clinical status of these novel therapeutic strategies in COVID-19 treatment. We then delve into the potential of interfering RNAs incorporation as COVID-19 gene therapy and introduce targets involved in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. Further, we present miRNAs and siRNAs candidates with promising results in targeting the mentioned targets. CONCLUSION Finally, we present a therapeutic platform of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes equipped with exogenous iRNAs, that can be employed as a novel therapeutic modality in COVID-19 management aiming to prevent further viral spread within the lung, hinder the virus life cycle and pathogenesis such as immune suppression, and ultimately, enhance the antiviral immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monire Jamalkhah
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Asaadi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Javad Khanali
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Kiani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ehsan Arefian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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24
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Zhang S, Amahong K, Sun X, Lian X, Liu J, Sun H, Lou Y, Zhu F, Qiu Y. The miRNA: a small but powerful RNA for COVID-19. Brief Bioinform 2021; 22:1137-1149. [PMID: 33675361 PMCID: PMC7989616 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbab062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a severe and rapidly evolving epidemic. Now, although a few drugs and vaccines have been proved for its treatment and prevention, little systematic comments are made to explain its susceptibility to humans. A few scattered studies used bioinformatics methods to explore the role of microRNA (miRNA) in COVID-19 infection. Combining these timely reports and previous studies about virus and miRNA, we comb through the available clues and seemingly make the perspective reasonable that the COVID-19 cleverly exploits the interplay between the small miRNA and other biomolecules to avoid being effectively recognized and attacked from host immune protection as well to deactivate functional genes that are crucial for immune system. In detail, SARS-CoV-2 can be regarded as a sponge to adsorb host immune-related miRNA, which forces host fall into dysfunction status of immune system. Besides, SARS-CoV-2 encodes its own miRNAs, which can enter host cell and are not perceived by the host's immune system, subsequently targeting host function genes to cause illnesses. Therefore, this article presents a reasonable viewpoint that the miRNA-based interplays between the host and SARS-CoV-2 may be the primary cause that SARS-CoV-2 accesses and attacks the host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Zhejiang University and the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | | | - Xiuna Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Zhejiang University, China
| | - Xichen Lian
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Zhejiang University, China
| | - Jin Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Zhejiang University, China
| | - Huaicheng Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Zhejiang University, China
| | - Yan Lou
- Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Clinical Research and Evaluation, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Zhejiang University, China
| | - Yunqing Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Clinical Research and Evaluation, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
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25
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Septyaningtrias DE, Susilowati R. Neurological involvement of COVID-19: from neuroinvasion and neuroimmune crosstalk to long-term consequences. Rev Neurosci 2021; 32:427-442. [PMID: 33550780 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2020-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to be a multidimensional threat to humanity, more evidence of neurological involvement associated with it has emerged. Neuroimmune interaction may prove to be important not only in the pathogenesis of neurological manifestations but also to prevent systemic hyperinflammation. In this review, we summarize reports of COVID-19 cases with neurological involvement, followed by discussion of possible routes of entry, immune responses against coronavirus infection in the central nervous system and mechanisms of nerve degeneration due to viral infection and immune responses. Possible mechanisms for neuroprotection and virus-associated neurological consequences are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Eurike Septyaningtrias
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Farmako Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta55281, Indonesia
| | - Rina Susilowati
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Farmako Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta55281, Indonesia
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26
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Circulating Cytokines and Lymphocyte Subsets in Patients Who Have Recovered from COVID-19. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7570981. [PMID: 33274223 PMCID: PMC7695995 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7570981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the immune status of people who previously had COVID-19 infections, we recruited two-week postrecovery patients and analyzed circulating cytokine and lymphocyte subsets. We measured levels of total lymphocytes, CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD19+ B cells, and CD56+ NK cells and the serum concentrations of interleukin- (IL-) 1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) by flow cytometry. We found that in most postrecovery patients, levels of total lymphocytes (66.67%), CD3+ T cells (54.55%), CD4+ T cells (54.55%), CD8+ T cells (81.82%), CD19+ B cells (69.70%), and CD56+ NK cells (51.52%) remained lower than normal, whereas most patients showed normal levels of IL-2 (100%), IL-4 (80.88%), IL-6 (79.41%), IL-10 (98.53%), TNF-α (89.71%), IFN-γ (100%), and IL-17 (97.06%). Compared to healthy controls, two-week postrecovery patients had significantly lower absolute numbers of total lymphocytes, CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD19+ B cells, and CD56+ NK cells, along with significantly higher levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-17. Among postrecovery patients, T cells, particularly CD4+ T cells, were positively correlated with CD19+ B cell counts. Additionally, CD8+ T cells were positively correlated with CD4+ T cells and IL-2 levels, and IL-6 positively correlated with TNF-α and IFN-γ. These correlations were not observed in healthy controls. By ROC curve analysis, postrecovery decreases in lymphocyte subsets and increases in cytokines were identified as independent predictors of rehabilitation efficacy. These findings indicate that the immune system gradually recovers following COVID-19 infection; however, the sustained hyperinflammatory response for more than 14 days suggests a need to continue medical observation following discharge from the hospital. Longitudinal studies of a larger cohort of recovered patients are needed to fully understand the consequences of the infection.
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27
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Syage AR, Ekiz HA, Skinner DD, Stone C, O'Connell RM, Lane TE. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals the Diversity of the Immunological Landscape following Central Nervous System Infection by a Murine Coronavirus. J Virol 2020; 94:e01295-20. [PMID: 32999036 PMCID: PMC7925182 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01295-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracranial (i.c.) infection of susceptible C57BL/6 mice with the neurotropic JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus (JHMV) (a member of the Coronaviridae family) results in acute encephalomyelitis and viral persistence associated with an immune-mediated demyelinating disease. The present study was undertaken to better understand the molecular pathways evoked during innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the chronic demyelinating stage of disease in response to JHMV infection of the central nervous system (CNS). Using single-cell RNA sequencing analysis (scRNAseq) on flow-sorted CD45-positive (CD45+) cells enriched from brains and spinal cords of experimental mice, we demonstrate the heterogeneity of the immune response as determined by the presence of unique molecular signatures and pathways involved in effective antiviral host defense. Furthermore, we identify potential genes involved in contributing to demyelination as well as remyelination being expressed by both microglia and macrophages. Collectively, these findings emphasize the diversity of the immune responses and molecular networks at defined stages following viral infection of the CNS.IMPORTANCE Understanding the immunological mechanisms contributing to both host defense and disease following viral infection of the CNS is of critical importance given the increasing number of viruses that are capable of infecting and replicating within the nervous system. With this in mind, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the molecular signatures of immune cells within the CNS at defined times following infection with a neuroadapted murine coronavirus using scRNAseq. This approach has revealed that the immunological landscape is diverse, with numerous immune cell subsets expressing distinct mRNA expression profiles that are, in part, dictated by the stage of infection. In addition, these findings reveal new insight into cellular pathways contributing to control of viral replication as well as to neurologic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber R Syage
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - H Atakan Ekiz
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Dominic D Skinner
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Colleen Stone
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ryan M O'Connell
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Thomas E Lane
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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28
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The emerging role of microRNAs in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 90:107204. [PMID: 33221169 PMCID: PMC7664359 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has imposed significant public health problems for the human populations worldwide after the 1918 influenza A virus (IVA) (H1N1) pandemic. Although numerous efforts have been made to unravel the mechanisms underlying the coronavirus, a notable gap remains in our perception of the COVID-19 pathogenesis. The innate and adaptive immune systems have a pivotal role in the fate of viral infections, such as COVID-19 pandemic. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known as short noncoding RNA molecules and appear as indispensable governors of almost any cellular means. Several lines of evidence demonstrate that miRNAs participate in essential mechanisms of cell biology, regulation of the immune system, and the onset and progression of numerous types of disorders. The immune responses to viral respiratory infections (VRIs), including influenza virus (IV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and rhinovirus (RV), are correlated with the ectopic expression of miRNAs. Alterations of the miRNA expression in epithelial cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic and acute airway infections. Hence, analyzing the role of these types of nucleotides in antiviral immune responses and the characterization of miRNA target genes might contribute to understanding the mechanisms of the interplay between the host and viruses, and in the future, potentially result in discovering therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of acute COVID-19 infection. In this article, we present a general review of current studies concerning the function of miRNAs in different VRIs, particularly in coronavirus infection, and address all available therapeutic prospects to mitigate the burden of viral infections.
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29
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Mangale V, Syage AR, Ekiz HA, Skinner DD, Cheng Y, Stone CL, Brown RM, O'Connell RM, Green KN, Lane TE. Microglia influence host defense, disease, and repair following murine coronavirus infection of the central nervous system. Glia 2020; 68:2345-2360. [PMID: 32449994 PMCID: PMC7280614 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study examines functional contributions of microglia in host defense, demyelination, and remyelination following infection of susceptible mice with a neurotropic coronavirus. Treatment with PLX5622, an inhibitor of colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) that efficiently depletes microglia, prior to infection of the central nervous system (CNS) with the neurotropic JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus (JHMV) resulted in increased mortality compared with control mice that correlated with impaired control of viral replication. Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNASeq) of CD45+ cells isolated from the CNS revealed that PLX5622 treatment resulted in muted CD4+ T cell activation profile that was associated with decreased expression of transcripts encoding MHC class II and CD86 in macrophages but not dendritic cells. Evaluation of spinal cord demyelination revealed a marked increase in white matter damage in PLX5622-treated mice that corresponded with elevated expression of transcripts encoding disease-associated proteins Osteopontin (Spp1), Apolipoprotein E (Apoe), and Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (Trem2) that were enriched within macrophages. In addition, PLX5622 treatment dampened expression of Cystatin F (Cst7), Insulin growth factor 1 (Igf1), and lipoprotein lipase (Lpl) within macrophage populations which have been implicated in promoting repair of damaged nerve tissue and this was associated with impaired remyelination. Collectively, these findings argue that microglia tailor the CNS microenvironment to enhance control of coronavirus replication as well as dampen the severity of demyelination and influence repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrushali Mangale
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of PathologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Amber R. Syage
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - H. Atakan Ekiz
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of PathologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Dominic D. Skinner
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of PathologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Yuting Cheng
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Colleen L. Stone
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of PathologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - R. Marshall Brown
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of PathologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Ryan M. O'Connell
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of PathologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Kim N. Green
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Thomas E. Lane
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
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Khan MAAK, Sany MRU, Islam MS, Islam ABMMK. Epigenetic Regulator miRNA Pattern Differences Among SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and SARS-CoV-2 World-Wide Isolates Delineated the Mystery Behind the Epic Pathogenicity and Distinct Clinical Characteristics of Pandemic COVID-19. Front Genet 2020; 11:765. [PMID: 32765592 PMCID: PMC7381279 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A detailed understanding of the molecular mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis is still elusive, and there is a need to address its deadly nature and to design effective therapeutics. Here, we present a study that elucidates the interplay between the SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 viruses' and host's miRNAs, an epigenetic regulator, as a mode of pathogenesis; and we explored how the SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infections differ in terms of their miRNA-mediated interactions with the host and the implications this has in terms of disease complexity. We have utilized computational approaches to predict potential host and viral miRNAs and their possible roles in different important functional pathways. We have identified several putative host antiviral miRNAs that can target the SARS viruses and also predicted SARS viruses-encoded miRNAs targeting host genes. In silico predicted targets were also integrated with SARS-infected human cell microarray and RNA-seq gene expression data. A comparison between the host miRNA binding profiles on 67 different SARS-CoV-2 genomes from 24 different countries with respective country's normalized death count surprisingly uncovered some miRNA clusters, which are associated with increased death rates. We have found that induced cellular miRNAs can be both a boon and a bane to the host immunity, as they have possible roles in neutralizing the viral threat; conversely, they can also function as proviral factors. On the other hand, from over representation analysis, our study revealed that although both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 viral miRNAs could target broad immune-signaling pathways; only some of the SARS-CoV-2 miRNAs are found to uniquely target some immune-signaling pathways, such as autophagy, IFN-I signaling, etc., which might suggest their immune-escape mechanisms for prolonged latency inside some hosts without any symptoms of COVID-19. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 can modulate several important cellular pathways that might lead to the increased anomalies in patients with comorbidities like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, breathing complications, etc. This might suggest that miRNAs can be a key epigenetic modulator behind the overcomplications amongst the COVID-19 patients. Our results support that miRNAs of host and SARS-CoV-2 can indeed play a role in the pathogenesis which can be further concluded with more experiments. These results will also be useful in designing RNA therapeutics to alleviate the complications from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Rabi Us Sany
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shafiqul Islam
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Maranon DG, Anderson JR, Maranon AG, Wilusz J. The interface between coronaviruses and host cell RNA biology: Novel potential insights for future therapeutic intervention. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2020; 11:e1614. [PMID: 32638509 PMCID: PMC7361139 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Coronaviruses, including SARS-Cov-2, are RNA-based pathogens that interface with a large variety of RNA-related cellular processes during infection. These processes include capping, polyadenylation, localization, RNA stability, translation, and regulation by RNA binding proteins or noncoding RNA effectors. The goal of this article is to provide an in-depth perspective on the current state of knowledge of how various coronaviruses interact with, usurp, and/or avoid aspects of these cellular RNA biology machineries. A thorough understanding of how coronaviruses interact with RNA-related posttranscriptional processes in the cell should allow for new insights into aspects of viral pathogenesis as well as identify new potential avenues for the development of anti-coronaviral therapeutics. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Maranon
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - John R Anderson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Abril G Maranon
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Jeffrey Wilusz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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LoPresti M, Beck DB, Duggal P, Cummings DAT, Solomon BD. The Role of Host Genetic Factors in Coronavirus Susceptibility: Review of Animal and Systematic Review of Human Literature. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2020:2020.05.30.20117788. [PMID: 32511629 PMCID: PMC7276057 DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.30.20117788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic raises many scientific and clinical questions. One set of questions involves host genetic factors that may affect disease susceptibility and pathogenesis. New work is emerging related to SARS-CoV-2; previous work has been conducted on other coronaviruses that affect different species. OBJECTIVES We aimed to review the literature on host genetic factors related to coronaviruses, with a systematic focus on human studies. METHODS We conducted a PubMed-based search and analysis for articles relevant to host genetic factors in coronavirus. We categorized articles, summarized themes related to animal studies, and extracted data from human studies for analyses. RESULTS We identified 1,187 articles of potential relevance. Forty-five studies were related to human host genetic factors related to coronavirus, of which 35 involved analysis of specific genes or loci; aside from one meta-analysis on respiratory infections, all were candidate-driven studies, typically investigating small number of research subjects and loci. Multiple significant loci were identified, including 16 related to susceptibility to coronavirus (of which 7 identified protective alleles), and 16 related to outcomes or clinical variables (of which 3 identified protective alleles). The types of cases and controls used varied considerably; four studies used traditional replication/validation cohorts. Of the other studies, 28 involved both human and non-human host genetic factors related to coronavirus, 174 involved study of non-human (animal) host genetic factors related to coronavirus, 584 involved study of non-genetic host factors related to coronavirus, including involving immunopathogenesis, 16 involved study of other pathogens (not coronavirus), 321 involved other studies of coronavirus, and 18 studies were assigned to the other categories and removed. KEY FINDINGS We have outlined key genes and loci from animal and human host genetic studies that may bear investigation in the nascent host genetic factor studies of COVID-19. Previous human studies to date have been limited by issues that may be less impactful on current endeavors, including relatively low numbers of eligible participants and limited availability of advanced genomic methods.
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Wells AC, Pobezinskaya EL, Pobezinsky LA. Non-coding RNAs in CD8 T cell biology. Mol Immunol 2020; 120:67-73. [PMID: 32085976 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CD8 T cells are among the most vigorous soldiers of the immune system that fight viral infections and cancer. CD8 T cell development, maintenance, activation and differentiation are under the tight control of multiple transcriptional and post-transcriptional networks. Over the last two decades it has become clear that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which consist of microRNAs (miRNAs) and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), have emerged as global biological regulators. While our understanding of the function of specific miRNAs has increased since the discovery of RNA interference, it is still very limited, and the field of lncRNAs is just starting to blossom. Here we will summarize our knowledge on the role of ncRNAs in CD8 T cell biology, including differentiation into memory and exhausted cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria C Wells
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, United States.
| | - Elena L Pobezinskaya
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States.
| | - Leonid A Pobezinsky
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States.
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Kemp V, Laconi A, Cocciolo G, Berends AJ, Breit TM, Verheije MH. miRNA repertoire and host immune factor regulation upon avian coronavirus infection in eggs. Arch Virol 2020; 165:835-843. [PMID: 32025807 PMCID: PMC7086581 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04527-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a coronavirus with great economic impact on the poultry industry, causing an acute and highly contagious disease in chickens that primarily affects the respiratory and reproductive systems. The cellular regulation of IBV pathogenesis and the host immune responses involved remain to be fully elucidated. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a class of crucial regulators of numerous cellular processes, including responses to viral infections. Here, we employed a high-throughput sequencing approach to analyze the miRNA composition of the spleen and the lungs of chicken embryos upon IBV infection. Compared to healthy chicken embryos, 13 and six miRNAs were upregulated in the spleen and the lungs, respectively, all predicted to influence viral transcription, cytokine production, and lymphocyte functioning. Subsequent downregulation of NFATC3, NFAT5, SPPL3, and TGFB2 genes in particular was observed only in the spleen, demonstrating the biological functionality of the miRNAs in this lymphoid organ. This is the first study that describes the modulation of miRNAs and the related host immune factors by IBV in chicken embryos. Our data provide novel insight into complex virus-host interactions and specifically highlight components that could affect the host's immune response to IBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Kemp
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Pathology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Laconi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Pathology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Giulio Cocciolo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Alinda J Berends
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Pathology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Timo M Breit
- RNA Biology and Applied Bioinformatics Research Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Hélène Verheije
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Pathology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Marro BS, Skinner DD, Cheng Y, Grist JJ, Dickey LL, Eckman E, Stone C, Liu L, Ransohoff RM, Lane TE. Disrupted CXCR2 Signaling in Oligodendroglia Lineage Cells Enhances Myelin Repair in a Viral Model of Multiple Sclerosis. J Virol 2019; 93:e00240-19. [PMID: 31243125 PMCID: PMC6714798 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00240-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CXCR2 is a chemokine receptor expressed on oligodendroglia that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory demyelinating diseases as well as enhancement of the migration, proliferation, and myelin production by oligodendroglia. Using an inducible proteolipid protein (Plp) promoter-driven Cre-loxP recombination system, we were able to assess how timed ablation of Cxcr2 in oligodendroglia affected disease following intracranial infection with the neurotropic JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus (JHMV). Generation of Plp-Cre-ER(T)::Cxcr2flox/flox transgenic mice (termed Cxcr2-CKO mice) allows for Cxcr2 to be silenced in oligodendrocytes in adult mice following treatment with tamoxifen. Ablation of oligodendroglia Cxcr2 did not influence clinical severity in response to intracranial infection with JHMV. Infiltration of activated T cells or myeloid cells into the central nervous system (CNS) was not affected, nor was the ability to control viral infection. In addition, the severity of demyelination was similar between tamoxifen-treated mice and vehicle-treated controls. Notably, deletion of Cxcr2 resulted in increased remyelination, as assessed by g-ratio (the ratio of the inner axonal diameter to the total outer fiber diameter) calculation, compared to that in vehicle-treated control mice. Collectively, our findings argue that CXCR2 signaling in oligodendroglia is dispensable with regard to contributing to neuroinflammation, but its deletion enhances remyelination in a preclinical model of the human demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis (MS).IMPORTANCE Signaling through the chemokine receptor CXCR2 in oligodendroglia is important for developmental myelination in rodents, while chemical inhibition or nonspecific genetic deletion of CXCR2 appears to augment myelin repair in animal models of the human demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis (MS). To better understand the biology of CXCR2 signaling on oligodendroglia, we generated transgenic mice in which Cxcr2 is selectively ablated in oligodendroglia upon treatment with tamoxifen. Using a viral model of neuroinflammation and demyelination, we demonstrate that genetic silencing of CXCR2 on oligodendroglia did not affect clinical disease, neuroinflammation, or demyelination, yet there was increased remyelination. These findings support and extend previous findings suggesting that targeting CXCR2 may offer a therapeutic avenue for enhancing remyelination in patients with demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett S Marro
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Dominic D Skinner
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Yuting Cheng
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jonathan J Grist
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Laura L Dickey
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Emily Eckman
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Colleen Stone
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Liping Liu
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Richard M Ransohoff
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas E Lane
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Immunology, Inflammation & Infectious Disease Initiative, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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36
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MicroRNA 155 Contributes to Host Immunity against Leishmania donovani but Is Not Essential for Resolution of Infection. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00307-19. [PMID: 31182615 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00307-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T helper 1 (Th1) cells producing interferon gamma (IFN-γ) are critical for the resolution of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). MicroRNA 155 (miR155) promotes CD4+ Th1 responses and IFN-γ production by targeting suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS1) and Src homology-2 domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatase 1 (SHIP-1) and therefore could play a role in the resolution of VL. To determine the role of miR155 in VL, we monitored the course of Leishmania donovani infection in miR155 knockout (miR155KO) and wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice. miR155KO mice displayed significantly higher liver and spleen parasite loads than WT controls and showed impaired hepatic granuloma formation. However, parasite growth eventually declined in miR155KO mice, suggesting the induction of a compensatory miR155-independent antileishmanial pathway. Leishmania antigen-stimulated splenocytes from miR155KO mice produced significantly lower levels of Th1-associated IFN-γ than controls. Interestingly, at later time points, levels of Th2-associated interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10 were also lower in miR155KO splenocyte supernatants than in WT mice. On the other hand, miR155KO mice displayed significantly higher levels of IFN-γ, iNOS, and TNF-α gene transcripts in their livers than WT mice, indicating that distinct organ-specific antiparasitic mechanisms were involved in control of L. donovani infection in miR155KO mice. Throughout the course of infection, organs of miR155KO mice showed significantly more PDL1-expressing Ly6Chi inflammatory monocytes than WT mice. Conversely, blockade of Ly6Chi inflammatory monocyte recruitment in miR155KO mice significantly reduced parasitic loads, indicating that these cells contributed to disease susceptibility. In conclusion, we found that miR155 contributes to the control of L. donovani but is not essential for infection resolution.
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Brown DG, Soto R, Yandamuri S, Stone C, Dickey L, Gomes-Neto JC, Pastuzyn ED, Bell R, Petersen C, Buhrke K, Fujinami RS, O'Connell RM, Stephens WZ, Shepherd JD, Lane TE, Round JL. The microbiota protects from viral-induced neurologic damage through microglia-intrinsic TLR signaling. eLife 2019; 8:e47117. [PMID: 31309928 PMCID: PMC6634972 DOI: 10.7554/elife.47117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Symbiotic microbes impact the function and development of the central nervous system (CNS); however, little is known about the contribution of the microbiota during viral-induced neurologic damage. We identify that commensals aid in host defense following infection with a neurotropic virus through enhancing microglia function. Germfree mice or animals that receive antibiotics are unable to control viral replication within the brain leading to increased paralysis. Microglia derived from germfree or antibiotic-treated animals cannot stimulate viral-specific immunity and microglia depletion leads to worsened demyelination. Oral administration of toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands to virally infected germfree mice limits neurologic damage. Homeostatic activation of microglia is dependent on intrinsic signaling through TLR4, as disruption of TLR4 within microglia, but not the entire CNS (excluding microglia), leads to increased viral-induced clinical disease. This work demonstrates that gut immune-stimulatory products can influence microglia function to prevent CNS damage following viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Garrett Brown
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Raymond Soto
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Soumya Yandamuri
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Colleen Stone
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Laura Dickey
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Joao Carlos Gomes-Neto
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Elissa D Pastuzyn
- Department of NeurobiologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Rickesha Bell
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Charisse Petersen
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Kaitlin Buhrke
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Robert S Fujinami
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Ryan M O'Connell
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - W Zac Stephens
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Jason D Shepherd
- Department of NeurobiologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Thomas E Lane
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - June L Round
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUnited States
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Kim H, Dickey L, Stone C, Jafek JL, Lane TE, Tantin D. T cell-selective deletion of Oct1 protects animals from autoimmune neuroinflammation while maintaining neurotropic pathogen response. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:133. [PMID: 31266507 PMCID: PMC6607600 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1523-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatments for autoimmune diseases aim to dampen autoreactivity while preserving normal immune function. In CD4+ T cells, the transcription factor Oct1/Pou2f1 is a dispensable transcription factor for T cell development and response to primary infection, but promotes expression of target genes, including Il2 and Ifng, under conditions of antigen reencounter. As a result, they are more strongly expressed upon secondary stimulation. Such repeated antigen encounters occur in memory recall responses, in autoimmunity where self-antigen can be recognized multiple times, and in chronic infection where foreign antigen is persistent. Based on these previous findings, we hypothesized that Oct1 loss would protect animals from autoimmunity but maintain normal responses to pathogens in the CNS. OBJECTIVE We used a conditional mouse Oct1 (Pou2f1) allele and a CD4-Cre driver to determine the effect of T cell-specific Oct1 loss on autoimmune- and viral-induced neuroinflammation using an autoantigen-driven EAE model of autoimmunity and a JHMV model of viral infection. RESULTS Oct1 conditional deletion mitigated clinical scores and reduced infiltrating T cells and cytokine production in the EAE model. Consistently, Oct1-deficient CD4+ T cells stimulated in vitro showed increased expression of markers associated with T cell anergy, particularly in the absence of co-stimulatory signals. In contrast, anti-viral T cell effector functions are intact in the absence of Oct1, with no changes in neuroinflammation, infiltrating T cells or cytokine production. CONCLUSION Our findings uncover a significant difference between the effect of Oct1 loss on autoimmune and anti-pathogen responses, which potentially could be exploited for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejoo Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Laura Dickey
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Colleen Stone
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Jillian L. Jafek
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Thomas E. Lane
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Dean Tantin
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
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Zheng Y, Dong C, Yang J, Jin Y, Zheng W, Zhou Q, Liang Y, Bao L, Feng G, Ji J, Feng X, Gu Z. Exosomal microRNA‐155‐5p from PDLSCs regulated Th17/Treg balance by targeting sirtuin‐1 in chronic periodontitis. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:20662-20674. [PMID: 31016751 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zheng
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chen Dong
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Junling Yang
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yi Jin
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wenjie Zheng
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qiao Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yi Liang
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Liuliu Bao
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Guijuan Feng
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Juan Ji
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xingmei Feng
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhifeng Gu
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Ekiz HA, Huffaker TB, Grossmann AH, Stephens WZ, Williams MA, Round JL, O'Connell RM. MicroRNA-155 coordinates the immunological landscape within murine melanoma and correlates with immunity in human cancers. JCI Insight 2019; 4:126543. [PMID: 30721153 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
miR-155 has recently emerged as an important promoter of antitumor immunity through its functions in T lymphocytes. However, the impact of T cell-expressed miR-155 on immune cell dynamics in solid tumors remains unclear. In the present study, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to define the CD45+ immune cell populations at different time points within B16F10 murine melanoma tumors growing in either wild-type or miR-155 T cell conditional knockout (TCKO) mice. miR-155 was required for optimal T cell activation and reinforced the T cell response at the expense of infiltrating myeloid cells. Further, myeloid cells from tumors growing in TCKO mice were defined by an increase in wound healing genes and a decreased IFN-γ-response gene signature. Finally, we found that miR-155 expression predicted a favorable outcome in human melanoma patients and was associated with a strong immune signature. Moreover, gene expression analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data revealed that miR-155 expression also correlates with an immune-enriched subtype in 29 other human solid tumors. Together, our study provides an unprecedented analysis of the cell types and gene expression signatures of immune cells within experimental melanoma tumors and elucidates the role of miR-155 in coordinating antitumor immune responses in mammalian tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Allie H Grossmann
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, and.,ARUP Laboratories, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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He W, Xu J, Huang Z, Zhang J, Dong L. MiRNAs in cancer therapy: focusing on their bi-directional roles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s41544-019-0005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Emming S, Chirichella M, Monticelli S. MicroRNAs as modulators of T cell functions in cancer. Cancer Lett 2018; 430:172-178. [PMID: 29800683 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short RNA molecules that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. They have emerged as important modulators of T lymphocyte biology, influencing cell activation, differentiation and proliferation in response to environmental signals. Here, we will discuss how miRNAs expressed by T cells can influence two key aspects of tumorigenesis, namely the direct, cell-intrinsic oncogenic transformation of T lymphocytes, as well as the indirect effects on tumor growth mediated by altered immune surveillance. We will specifically focus on three miRNAs that have been shown to regulate different aspects of T cell biology in both physiological and pathological conditions, namely miR-155, miR-146a and miR-181a. We aim at providing examples of the fundamental importance of miRNA-regulated networks in determining the fate of T lymphocytes during oncogenic transformation and in the control of tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Emming
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universita' della Svizzera italiana (USI), Via Vincenzo Vela 6, CH-6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michele Chirichella
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universita' della Svizzera italiana (USI), Via Vincenzo Vela 6, CH-6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Monticelli
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universita' della Svizzera italiana (USI), Via Vincenzo Vela 6, CH-6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
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43
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Shang G, Mi Y, Mei Y, Wang G, Wang Y, Li X, Wang Y, Li Y, Zhao G. MicroRNA-192 inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells and promotes apoptosis by targeting matrix metalloproteinase-11. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:7265-7272. [PMID: 29731885 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression during stem cell growth, proliferation and differentiation. miRNAs are also involved in the development and progression of a number of cancer types, including osteosarcoma (OS). miR-192 is significantly downregulated in various tumors, including lung, bladder and rectal cancer. miR-192 expression is associated with the migration and invasion of OS cells. However, the expression of miR-192 and its effects on the development of OS have not been reported. In the present study, the involvement of miR-192 and its molecular mechanisms in the development of OS was investigated. The results indicate that miR-192 expression was significantly downregulated in OS tissues compared with non-tumor tissues (P<0.05). Next, a miR-192 agomir was transfected into the OS cell line MG-63 to upregulate miR-192. The effects of miR-192 overexpression were then investigated by examining cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-11 belongs to a family of nine or more highly homologous Zn2+-endopeptidases. It was demonstrated that the mRNA and protein expression of MMP-11 were upregulated in OS tissues compared with non-tumor tissues (P<0.05). MMP-11 was predicted by TargetScan and miRanda as a miR-192 target, which was confirmed by western blotting and dual-luciferase assays. Finally, it was demonstrated that the overexpression of miR-192 was able to downregulate MMP-11 expression and reduce proliferation, migration and invasion, and promote apoptosis in OS cells. Together, these data indicate that miR-192 may be a tumor suppressor that inhibits the progression and invasion of OS by targeting MMP-11. Therefore, miR-192 may be useful for the diagnosis and treatment of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Shang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yang Mi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Yingwu Mei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Xinjie Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Yisheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yuebai Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Guoqiang Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
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44
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Hou T, Liao J, Zhang C, Sun C, Li X, Wang G. Elevated expression of miR-146, miR-139 and miR-340 involved in regulating Th1/Th2 balance with acute exposure of fine particulate matter in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 54:68-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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45
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Oliveira BRSM, Vieira FV, de S Vieira D, da Silva SEL, Gameiro R, Flores EF, Cardoso TC. Expression of miR-155 associated with Toll-like receptors 3, 7, and 9 transcription in the olfactory bulbs of cattle naturally infected with BHV5. J Neurovirol 2017; 23:772-778. [PMID: 28831740 PMCID: PMC7095048 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-017-0564-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus 5 (BHV5) infection of young cattle is frequently associated with fatal neurological disease and, as such, represents an attractive model for studying the pathogenesis of viral-induced meningoencephalitis. Following replication in the nasal mucosa, BHV5 invades the central nervous system (CNS) mainly through the olfactory pathway. The innate immune response triggered by the host face to virus replication through the olfactory route is poorly understood. Recently, an upregulation of conserved pathogen-associated molecular pattern, as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), has been demonstrated in the CNS of BHV5 experimentally infected cows. A new perspective to understand host-pathogen interactions has emerged elucidating microRNAs (miRNAs) network that interact with innate immune response during neurotropic viral infections. In this study, we demonstrated a link between the expression of TLRs 3, 7, and 9 and miR-155 transcription in the olfactory bulbs (OB) of 16 cows suffering from acute BHV5-induced neurological disease. The OBs were analyzed for viral antigens and genome, miR-155 and TLR 3, 7, and 9 expression considering three major regions: olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), glomerular layer (GL), and mitral cell layer (ML). BHV5 antigens and viral genomes, corresponding to glycol-C gene, were detected in all OBs regions by fluorescent antibody assay (FA) and PCR, respectively. TLR 3, 7, and 9 transcripts were upregulated in ORNs and ML, yet only ORN layers revealed a positive correlation between TLR3 and miR-155 transcription. In ML, miR-155 correlated positively with all TLRs studied. Herein, our results evidence miR-155 transcription in BHV5 infected OB tissue associated to TLRs expression specifically ORNs which may be a new window for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna R S M Oliveira
- DAPSA Department, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, College of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, 16050-680, Brazil
| | - Flavia V Vieira
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná (UENP), Rodovia BR-369 km 54, Vila Maria, Bandeirantes, PR, 86360000, Brazil
| | - Dielson de S Vieira
- DAPSA Department, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, College of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, 16050-680, Brazil
| | - Sergio E L da Silva
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Roberto Gameiro
- DAPSA Department, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, College of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, 16050-680, Brazil
| | - Eduardo F Flores
- Setor de Virologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Tereza C Cardoso
- DAPSA Department, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, College of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, 16050-680, Brazil.
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Dickey LL, Hanley TM, Huffaker TB, Ramstead AG, O'Connell RM, Lane TE. MicroRNA 155 and viral-induced neuroinflammation. J Neuroimmunol 2017; 308:17-24. [PMID: 28139244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) regulation of gene expression is becoming an increasingly recognized mechanism by which host immune responses are governed following microbial infection. miRNAs are short, non-coding RNAs that repress translation of target genes, and have been implicated in a number of activities that modulate host immune responses, including the regulation of immune cell proliferation, survival, expansion, differentiation, migration, polarization, and effector function. This review highlights several examples in which mammalian-encoded miR-155 influences immune responses following viral infection of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Dickey
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States.
| | - Timothy M Hanley
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States.
| | - Thomas B Huffaker
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States.
| | - Andrew G Ramstead
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States.
| | - Ryan M O'Connell
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States.
| | - Thomas E Lane
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States.
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