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Zhu D, Shi C, Sun S, Chen X, Xu Y, Wang B, Xu Z, Zhang P, Sun M. The SIRT3/GSK-3β/GLUT4 axis might be involved in maternal hypoxia-induced skeletal muscle insulin resistance in old male rat offspring. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 489:117019. [PMID: 38950736 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.117019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Maternal hypoxia is strongly linked to insulin resistance (IR) in adult offspring, and altered insulin signaling for muscle glucose uptake is thought to play a central role. However, whether the SIRT3/GSK-3β/GLUT4 axis is involved in maternal hypoxia-induced skeletal muscle IR in old male rat offspring has not been investigated. Maternal hypoxia was established from Days 5 to 21 of pregnancy by continuous infusion of nitrogen and air. The biochemical parameters and levels of key insulin signaling molecules of old male rat offspring were determined through a series of experiments. Compared to the control (Ctrl) old male rat offspring group, the hypoxic (HY) group exhibited elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG) (∼30%), fasting blood insulin (FBI) (∼35%), total triglycerides (TGs), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), as well as results showing impairment in the glucose tolerance test (GTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT). In addition, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed impaired cellular structures and mitochondria in the longitudinal sections of skeletal muscle from HY group mice, which might be associated with decreased SIRT3 expression. Furthermore, the expression of insulin signaling molecules, such as GSK-3β and GLUT4, was also altered. In conclusion, the present results indicate that the SIRT3/GSK-3β/GLUT4 axis might be involved in maternal hypoxia-induced skeletal muscle IR in old male rat offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhu
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, China
| | - Cuicui Shi
- Health Department of Soochow University Hospital, Soochow, China
| | - Shikun Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, China
| | - Xionghui Chen
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, China
| | - Yinkai Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, China
| | - Zhice Xu
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, China
| | - Pengjie Zhang
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, China.
| | - Miao Sun
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, China.
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Pak K, Santavirta S, Shin S, Nam HY, De Maeyer S, Nummenmaa L. Glucose metabolism and radiodensity of abdominal adipose tissue: A 5-year longitudinal study in a large PET cohort. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2024. [PMID: 39038172 DOI: 10.1111/cen.15121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) allows noninvasive assessment of glucose metabolism and radiodensity in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). We aimed to address the effects of ageing and metabolic factors on abdominal adipose tissue. DESIGN, PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS We retrospectively analyzed data from 435 healthy men (mean 42.8 years) who underwent a health check-up programme twice, at baseline and the 5-year follow-up. The mean standardized uptake value (SUV) was measured using SAT and VAT and divided by the liver SUV. The mean Hounsfield units (HU) of the SAT and VAT were measured from the CT scans. The effects of clinical variable clusters on SUVR were investigated using Bayesian hierarchical modelling; metabolic cluster (BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, fat percentage, muscle percentage*-1, HOMA-IR), blood pressure (systolic, diastolic), glucose (fasting plasma glucose level, HbA1c) and C-reactive protein. RESULTS All the clinical variables changed during the 5-year follow-up period. The SUVR and HU of the VAT increased during follow-up; however, those of the SAT did not change. SUVR and HU were positively correlated with both VAT and SAT. SAT and VAT SUVR were negatively associated with metabolic clusters. CONCLUSIONS Ageing led to increased glucose metabolism and radiodensity in VAT, but not in SAT. VAT may reflect the ageing process more directly than SAT. Glucose metabolism was higher and radiodensity was lower in VAT than in SAT, probably owing to differences in gene expression and lipid density. Both glucose metabolism and radiodensity of VAT and SAT reflect metabolic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungjune Pak
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
- School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Severi Santavirta
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Seunghyeon Shin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Yeol Nam
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sven De Maeyer
- Department of Training and Education Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Kopp W. Aging and "Age-Related" Diseases - What Is the Relation? Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0570. [PMID: 39012663 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The study explores the intricate relationship between aging and the development of noncommunicable diseases [NCDs], focusing on whether these diseases are inevitable consequences of aging or primarily driven by lifestyle factors. By examining epidemiological data, particularly from hunter-gatherer societies, the study highlights that many NCDs prevalent in modern populations are rare in these societies, suggesting a significant influence of lifestyle choices. It delves into the mechanisms through which poor diet, smoking, and other lifestyle factors contribute to systemic physiological imbalances, characterized by oxidative stress, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, and dysregulation of the sympathetic nervous system, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and the immune system. The interplay between this pattern and individual factors such as genetic susceptibility, biological variability, epigenetic changes and the microbiome is proposed to play a crucial role in the development of a range of age-related NCDs. Modified biomolecules such as oxysterols and advanced glycation end products also contribute to their development. Specific diseases such as benign prostatic hyperplasia, Parkinson's disease, glaucoma and osteoarthritis are analyzed to illustrate these mechanisms. The study concludes that while aging contributes to the risk of NCDs, lifestyle factors play a crucial role, offering potential avenues for prevention and intervention through healthier living practices. One possible approach could be to try to restore the physiological balance, e.g. through dietary measures [e.g. Mediterranean diet, Okinawan diet or Paleolithic diet] in conjunction with [a combination of] pharmacological interventions and other lifestyle changes.
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Lamichhane G, Lee DY, Franks R, Olawale F, Jin JB, Egan JM, Kim Y. Curcumin-Rich Diet Mitigates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) by Attenuating Fat Accumulation and Improving Insulin Sensitivity in Aged Female Mice under Nutritional Stress. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:472. [PMID: 39056667 PMCID: PMC11274271 DOI: 10.3390/biology13070472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high incidence of metabolic syndrome in the elderly poses a significant challenge to the healthcare system, emphasizing the need for interventions tailored to geriatric patients. Given the limited focus on females in previous studies, this research aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary curcumin on obesity and NAFLD outcomes in naturally aged (18-month-old) female mice. METHODS Female C57BL/6 mice aged 18 months were fed a normal chow diet (NCD) and a HFHSD, with or without curcumin (0.4% w/w), for an 8-week period. Parameters included food intake, body weight, insulin tolerance test (ITT), glucose tolerance test (GTT), percentage fat mass, hepatic triglyceride, and cholesterol levels, and a histological examination for NAFLD detection, qPCR, and immunoblotting analyses were performed. RESULTS The cumulative body weight gain after 8 weeks in the aged female mice supplemented with curcumin and fed an HFHSD was significantly lower (10.84 ± 1.09 g) compared to those fed a HFHSD alone (15.28 ± 1.26 g). Curcumin supplementation also resulted in reduced total body fat (HFHSD group 50.83 ± 1.71% vs. HFHSD+CUR 41.46 ± 3.21%), decreased epidydimal fat mass (HFHSD: 3.79 ± 0.29 g vs. HFHSD+CUR: 2.66 ± 0.30 g), and repaired adipogenic signaling in the white adipose tissue. Furthermore, curcumin lowered triglyceride and cholesterol deposition in the liver, preventing hepatic steatosis and improving hepatic insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Curcumin demonstrates the ability to ameliorate the deleterious effects of HFHSD in aged female mice by reducing body fat composition, modulating adipogenic signaling in the white adipose tissue, and improving insulin homeostasis and non-alcoholic fatty deposition in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Lamichhane
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (G.L.); (D.-Y.L.); (R.F.); (F.O.); (J.-B.J.)
| | - Da-Yeon Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (G.L.); (D.-Y.L.); (R.F.); (F.O.); (J.-B.J.)
| | - Rienna Franks
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (G.L.); (D.-Y.L.); (R.F.); (F.O.); (J.-B.J.)
| | - Femi Olawale
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (G.L.); (D.-Y.L.); (R.F.); (F.O.); (J.-B.J.)
| | - Jong-Beom Jin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (G.L.); (D.-Y.L.); (R.F.); (F.O.); (J.-B.J.)
| | - Josephine M. Egan
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA;
| | - Yoo Kim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (G.L.); (D.-Y.L.); (R.F.); (F.O.); (J.-B.J.)
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Yang J, Zhong J, Du Y, Wang Z, Jiang L, Li Z, Liu Y. Bioinformatics and systems biology approaches to identify potential common pathogeneses for sarcopenia and osteoarthritis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1380210. [PMID: 38962732 PMCID: PMC11221828 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1380210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, a geriatric syndrome characterized by progressive loss of muscle mass and strength, and osteoarthritis, a common degenerative joint disease, are both prevalent in elderly individuals. However, the relationship and molecular mechanisms underlying these two diseases have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we screened microarray data from the Gene Expression Omnibus to identify associations between sarcopenia and osteoarthritis. We employed multiple statistical methods and bioinformatics tools to analyze the shared DEGs (differentially expressed genes). Additionally, we identified 8 hub genes through functional enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction analysis, transcription factor-gene interaction network analysis, and TF-miRNA coregulatory network analysis. We also discovered potential shared pathways between the two diseases, such as transcriptional misregulation in cancer, the FOXO signalling pathway, and endometrial cancer. Furthermore, based on common DEGs, we found that strophanthidin may be an optimal drug for treating sarcopenia and osteoarthritis, as indicated by the Drug Signatures database. Immune infiltration analysis was also performed on the sarcopenia and osteoarthritis datasets. Finally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to verify the reliability of our results. Our findings provide a theoretical foundation for future research on the potential common pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms of sarcopenia and osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Lu Zhou, China
- Sichuan Provincial Laboratory of Orthopaedic Engineering, Southwest Medical University, Lu Zhou, China
- Stem Cell Immunity and Regeneration Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Southwest Medical University, Lu Zhou, China
| | - Jun Zhong
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Lu Zhou, China
- Sichuan Provincial Laboratory of Orthopaedic Engineering, Southwest Medical University, Lu Zhou, China
- Stem Cell Immunity and Regeneration Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Southwest Medical University, Lu Zhou, China
| | - Yimin Du
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Lu Zhou, China
- Sichuan Provincial Laboratory of Orthopaedic Engineering, Southwest Medical University, Lu Zhou, China
- Stem Cell Immunity and Regeneration Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Southwest Medical University, Lu Zhou, China
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Lu Zhou, China
- Sichuan Provincial Laboratory of Orthopaedic Engineering, Southwest Medical University, Lu Zhou, China
- Stem Cell Immunity and Regeneration Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Southwest Medical University, Lu Zhou, China
| | - Lujun Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Lu Zhou, China
- Sichuan Provincial Laboratory of Orthopaedic Engineering, Southwest Medical University, Lu Zhou, China
- Stem Cell Immunity and Regeneration Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Southwest Medical University, Lu Zhou, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Lu Zhou, China
- Sichuan Provincial Laboratory of Orthopaedic Engineering, Southwest Medical University, Lu Zhou, China
- Stem Cell Immunity and Regeneration Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Southwest Medical University, Lu Zhou, China
| | - Yanshi Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Lu Zhou, China
- Sichuan Provincial Laboratory of Orthopaedic Engineering, Southwest Medical University, Lu Zhou, China
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Son DH, Kwon YJ, Lee JH. Sex difference in skeletal muscle mass in relation to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a propensity score matching study. J Nutr Health Aging 2024; 28:100270. [PMID: 38833877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While low muscle mass is considered a risk factor for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), whether the relationship is independent of fat mass remains unclear. OBJECTIVES This study aims to clarify the association between the sex-specific height-adjusted low skeletal muscle mass index (LSMI) and MASLD. METHODS Data from the 2008-2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. LSMI was defined using the 2019 Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. The non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-liver fat score was used to assess MASLD. Gender-specific 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to mitigate the confounding effects of anthropometric variables and lifestyles. Conditional logistic analysis was used on the dataset after PSM to estimate the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS After PSM, the prevalence of MASLD was significantly higher in men with LSMI than in those without LSMI (37.4% vs. 29.6%). No significant difference was observed in the prevalence of MASLD between groups after PSM in women (20.4% vs. 20.3%). Conditional logistic analysis revealed that the odds of having MASLD were significantly higher in men with LSMI compared to those without LSMI (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.09-1.75), while no significant association was found in women with LSMI (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.87-1.40). CONCLUSION Height-adjusted LSMI is an independent factor associated with MASLD in the condition of the same level of fat mass in men. Further prospective studies in diverse populations are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hye Son
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kwon
- Department of Family Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin 16995, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jun-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul 01830, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicine, Graduate School of Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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El Assar M, Rodríguez-Sánchez I, Álvarez-Bustos A, Rodríguez-Mañas L. Biomarkers of frailty. Mol Aspects Med 2024; 97:101271. [PMID: 38631189 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2024.101271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Several biomarkers have been proposed to identify frailty, a multisystemic age-related syndrome. However, the complex pathophysiology and the absence of a consensus on a comprehensive and universal definition make it challenging to pinpoint a singular biomarker or set of biomarkers that conclusively characterize frailty. This review delves into the main laboratory biomarkers, placing special emphasis on those associated with various pathways closely tied to the frailty condition, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic and endocrine alterations and microRNA. Additionally, we provide a summary of different clinical biomarkers encompassing different tools that have been proposed to assess frailty. We further address various imaging biomarkers such as Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry, Bioelectrical Impedance analysis, Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Ultrasound and D3 Creatine dilution. Intervention to treat frailty, including non-pharmacological ones, especially those involving physical exercise and nutrition, and pharmacological interventions, that include those targeting specific mechanisms such as myostatin inhibitors, insulin sensitizer metformin and with special relevance for hormonal treatments are mentioned. We further address the levels of different biomarkers in monitoring the potential positive effects of some of these interventions. Despite the availability of numerous biomarkers, their performance and usefulness in the clinical arena are far from being satisfactory. Considering the multicausality of frailty, there is an increasing need to assess the role of sets of biomarkers and the combination between laboratory, clinical and image biomarkers, in terms of sensitivity, specificity and predictive values for the diagnosis and prognosis of the different outcomes of frailty to improve detection and monitoring of older people with frailty or at risk of developing it, being this a need in the everyday clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam El Assar
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Álvarez-Bustos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain.
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8
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Al-Taie A, Arueyingho O, Khoshnaw J, Hafeez A. Clinical outcomes of multidimensional association of type 2 diabetes mellitus, COVID-19 and sarcopenia: an algorithm and scoping systematic evaluation. Arch Physiol Biochem 2024; 130:342-360. [PMID: 35704400 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2022.2086265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to provide a scoping and comprehensive review for the clinical outcomes from the cross-link of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), COVID-19, and sarcopenia. METHODS By using PRISMA guidelines and searching through different databases that could provide findings of evidence on the association of T2DM, COVID-19, and sarcopenia. RESULTS Thirty-three studies reported a relationship between sarcopenia with T2DM, twenty-one studies reported the prognosis COVID-19 in patients with T2DM, ten studies reported the prognosis of COVID-19 in patients with sarcopenia, five studies discussed the outcomes of sarcopenia in patients with COVID-19, and one study reported sarcopenia outcomes in the presence of T2DM and COVID-19. CONCLUSION There is an obvious multidimensional relationship between T2DM, COVID-19 and sarcopenia which can cause prejudicial effects, poor prognosis, prolonged hospitalisation, lowered quality of life and a higher mortality rate during the current COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmar Al-Taie
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oritsetimeyin Arueyingho
- EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Digital Health and Care, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jalal Khoshnaw
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Girne American University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Abdul Hafeez
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Glocal School of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Afsar B, Afsar RE, Caliskan Y, Lentine KL, Edwards JC. Renin angiotensin system-induced muscle wasting: putative mechanisms and implications for clinicians. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-05043-8. [PMID: 38811433 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05043-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Renin angiotensin system (RAS) alters various mechanisms related to muscle wasting. The RAS system consists of classical and non-classical pathways, which mostly function differently. Classical RAS pathway, operates through angiotensin II (AngII) and angiotensin type 1 receptors, is associated with muscle wasting and sarcopenia. On the other hand, the non-classical RAS pathway, which operates through angiotensin 1-7 and Mas receptor, is protective against sarcopenia. The classical RAS pathway might induce muscle wasting by variety of mechanisms. AngII reduces body weight, via reduction in food intake, possibly by decreasing hypothalamic expression of orexin and neuropeptide Y, insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), signaling, AngII increases skeletal muscle proteolysis by forkhead box transcription factors (FOXO), caspase activation and muscle RING-finger protein-1 transcription. Furthermore, AngII infusion in skeletal muscle reduces phospho-Bad (Ser136) expression and induces apoptosis through increased cytochrome c release and DNA fragmentation. Additionally, Renin angiotensin system activation through AT1R and AngII stimulates tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 which induces muscle wasting, Last but not least classical RAS pathway, induce oxidative stress, disturb mitochondrial energy metabolism, and muscle satellite cells which all lead to muscle wasting and decrease muscle regeneration. On the contrary, the non-classical RAS pathway functions oppositely to mitigate these mechanisms and protects against muscle wasting. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of RAS-induced muscle wasting and putative implications for clinical practice. We also emphasize the areas of uncertainties and suggest potential research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Afsar
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Rengin Elsurer Afsar
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yasar Caliskan
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Krista L Lentine
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John C Edwards
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Basil B, Mba IN, Myke-Mbata BK, Adebisi SA, Oghagbon EK. A first trimester prediction model and nomogram for gestational diabetes mellitus based on maternal clinical risk factors in a resource-poor setting. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:346. [PMID: 38711005 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06519-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The implementation of universal screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is challenged by several factors key amongst which is limited resources, hence the continued reliance on risk factor-based screening. Effective identification of high-risk women early in pregnancy may enable preventive intervention. This study aimed at developing a GDM prediction model based on maternal clinical risk factors that are easily assessable in the first trimester of pregnancy in a population of Nigerian women. METHODS This was a multi-hospital prospective observational cohort study of 253 consecutively selected pregnant women from which maternal clinical data was collected at 8-12 weeks gestational age. Diagnosis of GDM was made via a one-step 75-gram Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) at 24-28 weeks of gestation. A GDM prediction model and nomogram based on selected maternal clinical risk factors was developed using multiple logistic regression analysis, and its performance was assessed by Receiver Operator Curve (ROC) analysis. Data analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 and Python programming language (version 3.0). RESULTS Increasing maternal age, higher body mass index (BMI), a family history of diabetes mellitus in first-degree relative and previous history of foetal macrosomia were the major predictors of GDM. The model equation was: LogitP = 6.358 - 0.066 × Age - 0.075 × First trimester BMI - 1.879 × First-degree relative with diabetes mellitus - 0.522 × History of foetal macrosomia. It had an area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.814 (95% CI: 0.751-0.877; p-value < 0.001), and at a predicted probability threshold of 0.745, it had a sensitivity of 79.2% and specificity of 74.5%. CONCLUSION This first trimester prediction model reliably identifies women at high risk for GDM development in the first trimester, and the nomogram enhances its practical applicability, contributing to improved clinical outcomes in the study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Basil
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria
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11
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Prado CM, Batsis JA, Donini LM, Gonzalez MC, Siervo M. Sarcopenic obesity in older adults: a clinical overview. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024; 20:261-277. [PMID: 38321142 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00943-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity is characterized by a concurrent decline in muscle mass and function, along with increased adipose tissue. Sarcopenic obesity is a growing concern in older adults owing to significant health consequences, including implications for mortality, comorbidities and risk of developing geriatric syndromes. A 2022 consensus statement established a new definition and diagnostic criteria for sarcopenic obesity. The pathophysiology of this condition involves a complex interplay between muscle, adipose tissue, hormonal changes, inflammation, oxidative stress and lifestyle factors, among others. Sarcopenic obesity is treated with a range of management approaches, such as lifestyle interventions, exercise, nutrition and medical therapies. Emerging therapies that were developed for treating other conditions may be relevant to sarcopenic obesity, including novel pharmacological agents and personalized approaches such as precision medicine. In this Review, we synthesize the current knowledge of the clinical importance of sarcopenic obesity, its assessment and diagnosis, along with current and emerging management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M Prado
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - John A Batsis
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, and Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lorenzo M Donini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - M Cristina Gonzalez
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Food, Pelotas, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Mario Siervo
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Curtin Dementia Centre of Excellence, enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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12
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Asthana P, Wong HLX. Preventing obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes by targeting MT1-MMP. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167081. [PMID: 38367902 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the predominant risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Despite all the modern advances in medicine, an effective drug treatment for obesity without overt side effects has not yet been found. The discovery of growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), an appetite-regulating hormone, created hopes for the treatment of obesity. However, an insufficient understanding of the physiological regulation of GDF15 has been a major obstacle to mitigating GDF15-centric treatment of obesity. Our recent studies revealed how a series of proteolytic events predominantly mediated by membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP/MMP14), a key cell-surface metalloproteinase involved in extracellular remodeling, contribute to the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders, including obesity and diabetes. The MT1-MMP-mediated cleavage of the GDNF family receptor-α-like (GFRAL), a key neuronal receptor of GDF15, controls the satiety center in the hindbrain, thereby regulating non-homeostatic appetite and bodyweight changes. Furthermore, increased activation of MT1-MMP does not only lead to increased risk of obesity, but also causes age-associated insulin resistance by cleaving Insulin Receptor in major metabolic tissues. Importantly, inhibition of MT1-MMP effectively protects against obesity and diabetes, revealing the therapeutic potential of targeting MT1-MMP for the management of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Asthana
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
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13
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Kalmpourtzidou A, Di Napoli I, Vincenti A, De Giuseppe R, Casali PM, Tomasinelli CE, Ferrara F, Tursi F, Cena H. Epicardial fat and insulin resistance in healthy older adults: a cross-sectional analysis. GeroScience 2024; 46:2123-2137. [PMID: 37857994 PMCID: PMC10828363 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00972-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are relevant concerns in the elderly population; as the world's population ages, IR and CVD are two universal public health problems. While a link between IR a CVD has been established, the mediating mechanisms are uncertain and rigorous investigations are needed to fully elucidate them. The study aimed at assessing the relationship between epicardial fat (EF), an indicator of cardiovascular risk, and IR in Italian free-living elderly (n = 89). Baseline data from a previous cohort was used. Anthropometric measurements, EF, and IR-related variables, including the HOMA-IR index and other biochemical parameters were obtained. The correlation between EF and IR was explored. Further analysis was conducted to identify significant differences regarding IR variables among EF quartiles. EF correlated positively with glucose levels in females, males and the total population. The pairwise comparison among EF quartiles showed significant differences in glucose levels, HOMA-IR index, triglycerides, and total cholesterol levels. To our knowledge, this is the only study assessing the relationship between EF and IR in healthy elderly, while most of the studies have investigated EF and IR in diseased populations. Further research with a longitudinal approach should be conducted to design concrete conclusions about this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliki Kalmpourtzidou
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Di Napoli
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Vincenti
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Rachele De Giuseppe
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Pietro Mariano Casali
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Elena Tomasinelli
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fulvio Ferrara
- Laboratory Medicine Department - Centro Diagnostico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Tursi
- Complife Italia s.r.l., Piazzale Siena 11, 20146, Milano, Italy
| | - Hellas Cena
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetic Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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14
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Zhang Q, Hu S, Jin Z, Wang S, Zhang B, Zhao L. Mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in elderly diabetes mellitus and a systematic review of its clinical application. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1339148. [PMID: 38510656 PMCID: PMC10953506 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1339148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: Affected by aging, the elderly diabetes patients have many pathological characteristics different from the young people, including more complications, vascular aging, cognitive impairment, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia. This article will explore their pathogenesis and the mechanism of Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) intervention, and use the method of systematic review to evaluate the clinical application of TCM in elderly diabetes. Method: Searching for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from January 2000 to November 2023 in the following databases: Web of Science, Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Sinomed, China National Knowledge Internet, Wanfang and VIP. They were evaluated by three subgroups of Traditional Chinese Prescription, Traditional Chinese patent medicines and Traditional Chinese medicine extracts for their common prescriptions, drugs, adverse reactions and the quality of them. Results and Conclusion: TCM has the advantages of multi-target and synergistic treatment in the treatment of elderly diabetes. However, current clinical researches have shortcomings including the inclusion of age criteria and diagnosis of subjects are unclear, imprecise research design, non-standard intervention measures, and its safety needs further exploration. In the future, the diagnosis of elderly people with diabetes needs to be further clarified. Traditional Chinese patent medicines included in the pharmacopoeia can be used to conduct more rigorous RCTs, and then gradually standardize the traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions and traditional Chinese medicine extracts, providing higher level evidence for the treatment of elderly diabetes with traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shiwan Hu
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zishan Jin
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Sicheng Wang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Boxun Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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15
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Ryu H, Jeong HH, Lee S, Lee MK, Kim MJ, Lee B. LPS-Induced Modifications in Macrophage Transcript and Secretion Profiles Are Linked to Muscle Wasting and Glucose Intolerance. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:270-279. [PMID: 38044678 PMCID: PMC10940789 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2309.09037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are versatile immune cells that play crucial roles in tissue repair, immune defense, and the regulation of immune responses. In the context of skeletal muscle, they are vital for maintaining muscle homeostasis but macrophage-induced chronic inflammation can lead to muscle dysfunction, resulting in skeletal muscle atrophy characterized by reduced muscle mass and impaired insulin regulation and glucose uptake. Although the involvement of macrophage-secreted factors in inflammation-induced muscle atrophy is well-established, the precise intracellular signaling pathways and secretion factors affecting skeletal muscle homeostasis require further investigation. This study aimed to explore the regulation of macrophage-secreted factors and their impact on muscle atrophy and glucose metabolism. By employing RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and proteome array, we uncovered that factors secreted by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages upregulated markers of muscle atrophy and pro-inflammatory cytokines, while concurrently reducing glucose uptake in muscle cells. The RNA-seq analysis identified alterations in gene expression patterns associated with immune system pathways and nutrient metabolism. The utilization of gene ontology (GO) analysis and proteome array with macrophage-conditioned media revealed the involvement of macrophage-secreted cytokines and chemokines associated with muscle atrophy. These findings offer valuable insights into the regulatory mechanisms of macrophage-secreted factors and their contributions to muscle-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heeyeon Ryu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Hak Jeong
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjun Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Jin Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonggi Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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16
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Milioto A, Corica G, Nista F, Wildemberg LEA, Rossi F, Bignotti B, Gadelha MR, Ferone D, Tagliafico AS, Gatto F. Skeletal Muscle Evaluation in Patients With Acromegaly. J Endocr Soc 2024; 8:bvae032. [PMID: 38434516 PMCID: PMC10907006 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvae032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Context Patients with acromegaly are characterized by chronic exposure to high growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 levels, known for their anabolic effect on skeletal muscle. Therefore, an increased skeletal muscle mass could be hypothesized in these individuals. Herein, we have performed a systematic revision of published evidence regarding skeletal muscle mass, quality, and performance in patients with acromegaly. Evidence Acquisition A systematic review of the literature in the PubMed database up to September 1, 2023, was conducted with the following query: acromegaly AND ("muscle mass" OR "skeletal muscle"). We excluded studies that did not compare different disease states or used nonradiological methods for the skeletal muscle analyses, except for bioelectrical impedance analysis. Evidence Synthesis Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. A total of 360 patients were evaluated for skeletal muscle mass, 122 for muscle fatty atrophy, and 192 for muscle performance. No clear evidence of increased skeletal muscle mass in patients with active disease compared to control or healthy individuals emerged. As for skeletal muscle quality, we observed a trend toward higher fatty infiltration among patients with acromegaly compared to healthy participants. Likewise, patients with active disease showed consistently worse physical performance compared to control or healthy individuals. Conclusion Skeletal muscle in acromegaly has lower quality and performance compared to that of healthy individuals. The small number of published studies and multiple confounding factors (eg, use of different radiological techniques) contributed to mixed results, especially regarding skeletal muscle mass. Well-designed prospective studies are needed to investigate skeletal muscle mass in patients with acromegaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Milioto
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, Genoa 16138, Italy
| | - Giuliana Corica
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, Genoa 16138, Italy
| | - Federica Nista
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, Genoa 16138, Italy
| | - Luiz Eduardo Armondi Wildemberg
- Neuroendocrinology Research Center/Endocrinology Division, Medical School and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Federica Rossi
- Department of Radiology, Ospedale Santa Corona, Pietra Ligure 17027, Italy
| | - Bianca Bignotti
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa 16139, Italy
| | - Mônica R Gadelha
- Neuroendocrinology Research Center/Endocrinology Division, Medical School and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Diego Ferone
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, Genoa 16138, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa 16139, Italy
| | - Alberto Stefano Tagliafico
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa 16138, Italy
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa 16139, Italy
| | - Federico Gatto
- Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa 16139, Italy
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17
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Szablewski L. Changes in Cells Associated with Insulin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2397. [PMID: 38397072 PMCID: PMC10889819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin is a polypeptide hormone synthesized and secreted by pancreatic β-cells. It plays an important role as a metabolic hormone. Insulin influences the metabolism of glucose, regulating plasma glucose levels and stimulating glucose storage in organs such as the liver, muscles and adipose tissue. It is involved in fat metabolism, increasing the storage of triglycerides and decreasing lipolysis. Ketone body metabolism also depends on insulin action, as insulin reduces ketone body concentrations and influences protein metabolism. It increases nitrogen retention, facilitates the transport of amino acids into cells and increases the synthesis of proteins. Insulin also inhibits protein breakdown and is involved in cellular growth and proliferation. On the other hand, defects in the intracellular signaling pathways of insulin may cause several disturbances in human metabolism, resulting in several chronic diseases. Insulin resistance, also known as impaired insulin sensitivity, is due to the decreased reaction of insulin signaling for glucose levels, seen when glucose use in response to an adequate concentration of insulin is impaired. Insulin resistance may cause, for example, increased plasma insulin levels. That state, called hyperinsulinemia, impairs metabolic processes and is observed in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Hyperinsulinemia may increase the risk of initiation, progression and metastasis of several cancers and may cause poor cancer outcomes. Insulin resistance is a health problem worldwide; therefore, mechanisms of insulin resistance, causes and types of insulin resistance and strategies against insulin resistance are described in this review. Attention is also paid to factors that are associated with the development of insulin resistance, the main and characteristic symptoms of particular syndromes, plus other aspects of severe insulin resistance. This review mainly focuses on the description and analysis of changes in cells due to insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leszek Szablewski
- Chair and Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego Str. 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Burton MA, Antoun E, Garratt ES, Westbury L, Dennison EM, Harvey NC, Cooper C, Patel HP, Godfrey KM, Lillycrop KA. The serum small non-coding RNA (SncRNA) landscape as a molecular biomarker of age associated muscle dysregulation and insulin resistance in older adults. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23423. [PMID: 38294260 PMCID: PMC10952661 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301089rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) are implicated in age-associated pathologies, including sarcopenia and insulin resistance (IR). As potential circulating biomarkers, most studies have focussed on microRNAs (miRNAs), one class of sncRNA. This study characterized the wider circulating sncRNA transcriptome of older individuals and associations with sarcopenia and IR. sncRNA expression including miRNAs, transfer RNAs (tRNAs), tRNA-associated fragments (tRFs), and piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) was measured in serum from 21 healthy and 21 sarcopenic Hertfordshire Sarcopenia Study extension women matched for age (mean 78.9 years) and HOMA2-IR. Associations with age, sarcopenia and HOMA2-IR were examined and predicted gene targets and biological pathways characterized. Of the total sncRNA among healthy controls, piRNAs were most abundant (85.3%), followed by tRNAs (4.1%), miRNAs (2.7%), and tRFs (0.5%). Age was associated (FDR < 0.05) with 2 miRNAs, 58 tRNAs, and 14 tRFs, with chromatin organization, WNT signaling, and response to stress enriched among gene targets. Sarcopenia was nominally associated (p < .05) with 12 tRNAs, 3 tRFs, and 6 piRNAs, with target genes linked to cell proliferation and differentiation such as Notch Receptor 1 (NOTCH1), DISC1 scaffold protein (DISC1), and GLI family zinc finger-2 (GLI2). HOMA2-IR was nominally associated (p<0.05) with 6 miRNAs, 9 tRNAs, 1 tRF, and 19 piRNAs, linked with lysine degradation, circadian rhythm, and fatty acid biosynthesis pathways. These findings identify changes in circulating sncRNA expression in human serum associated with chronological age, sarcopenia, and IR. These may have clinical utility as circulating biomarkers of ageing and age-associated pathologies and provide novel targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Burton
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Elie Antoun
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Emma S. Garratt
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
| | - Leo Westbury
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Elaine M. Dennison
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- Victoria University of WellingtonWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Nicholas C. Harvey
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Harnish P. Patel
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- Academic Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Keith M. Godfrey
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Karen A. Lillycrop
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
- Biological SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
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19
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Kondo S, Adachi SI, Komatsu W, Yoshizawa F, Yagasaki K. Antidiabetic Effect of Urolithin A in Cultured L6 Myotubes and Type 2 Diabetic Model KK-A y/Ta Mice with Glucose Intolerance. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:1078-1090. [PMID: 38392186 PMCID: PMC10887565 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is caused by abnormal glucose metabolism, and muscle, the largest tissue in the human body, is largely involved. Urolithin A (UroA) is a major intestinal and microbial metabolite of ellagic acid and ellagitannins and is found in fruits such as strawberry and pomegranate. In this present study, we investigated the antidiabetic effects of UroA in L6 myotubes and in KK-Ay/Ta, a mouse model of type 2 diabetes (T2D). UroA treatment elevated the glucose uptake (GU) of L6 myotubes in the absence of insulin. This elevation in GU by UroA treatment was partially inhibited by the concurrent addition of LY294002, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) which activates Akt (PKB: protein kinase B) or Compound C, an inhibitor of 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Moreover, UroA was found to activate both pathways of Akt and AMPK, and then to promote translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) from the cytosol to the plasma membrane in L6 myotubes. Based on these in vitro findings, an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) was performed after the oral administration of UroA for 3 weeks to KK-Ay/Ta mice with glucose intolerance. UroA was demonstrated to alleviate glucose intolerance. These results suggest that UroA is a biofactor with antihyperglycemic effects in the T2D state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Kondo
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya 321-8505, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Adachi
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya 321-8505, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Wataru Komatsu
- Department of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Yoshizawa
- School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya 321-8505, Tochigi, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumi Yagasaki
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya 321-8505, Tochigi, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Silva FM, Duarte-Mendes P, Teixeira AM, Soares CM, Ferreira JP. The effects of combined exercise training on glucose metabolism and inflammatory markers in sedentary adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1936. [PMID: 38253590 PMCID: PMC10803738 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51832-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the magnitude of the effect of combined exercise training on glucose metabolism markers, adipokines, and inflammatory cytokines in non-diabetic sedentary adults. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library electronic databases and reference lists of included studies were explored for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that included physically inactive adults and provided combined training interventions (aerobic plus resistance exercise). Effects on fasting glucose and insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), HbA1c, adiponectin, leptin, IL-6, TNF-α, and C-reactive protein (CRP) in exercise vs control groups were analyzed using random effects meta-analysis. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Trials 2.0 (RoB 2) was used to assess the risk of bias. A total of 24 RCTs were included in the quantitative analysis. Combined exercise training significantly decrease fasting glucose (standardized mean difference, SMD: - 0.474, 95% CI [- 0.829, - 0.120], p = 0.009, 35 study arms), fasting insulin (SMD: - 1.024, 95% CI [- 1.502, - 0.545], p < 0.001, 27 study arms), HOMA-IR (SMD: - 0.946, 95% CI [- 1.450, - 0.442], p < 0.001, 23 study arms), TNF-α (SMD: - 0.972, 95% CI [- 1.361, - 0.582], p < 0.001, 10 study arms), and CRP (SMD: - 0.507, 95% CI [- 0.818, - 0.196], p = 0.001, 14 study arms). No significant effects were observed for HbA1c, adiponectin, leptin, and IL-6 levels. Random effects meta-regression models by age, sex, and intervention length were not able to explain any of the variation in the effect size of HOMA-IR. Findings from this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that combined exercise training improves some glucose metabolism markers and inflammatory parameters in sedentary adults without diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda M Silva
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, FCDEF, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, Uid/Dtp/04213/2020), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Duarte-Mendes
- Department of Sports and Well-Being, Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal
- Sport, Health and Exercise Research Unit (SHERU), Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal
- Sport Physical activity and health Research & INnovation CenTer, SPRINT, Santarém, Portugal
| | - Ana M Teixeira
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, FCDEF, Coimbra, Portugal
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, Uid/Dtp/04213/2020), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos M Soares
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, FCDEF, Coimbra, Portugal
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, Uid/Dtp/04213/2020), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José P Ferreira
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, FCDEF, Coimbra, Portugal
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, Uid/Dtp/04213/2020), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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21
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Meng Q, Li Y, Xu Y, Wang Y. Acetobacter and lactobacillus alleviate the symptom of insulin resistance by blocking the JNK-JAK/STAT pathway in Drosophila melanogaster. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166901. [PMID: 37774935 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The dysregulation of intestinal microbiota is well-known to be one of the main causes of insulin resistance in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Specially, the acetobacter and lactobacillus have been identified as potentially capable of alleviating insulin resistance. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this effect requires further elucidation. In this study, we employed Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) as a model organism to delineate how intestinal microbiota disrupts the host intestinal signaling pathway, contributing to insulin resistance. Our findings demonstrate that a long-term high-sugar diet lead to a reduction in the general diversity of intestinal microbiota in flies, as well as a marked decrease in the abundances of acetobacter and lactobacillus. Furthermore, we observed that symptoms of insulin resistance were alleviated by feeding flies with acetobacter or lactobacillus, indicating that these microorganisms play an essential role in maintaining blood sugar homeostasis in flies. Conversely, when all intestinal microbiota was removed, flies show severe symptoms of insulin resistance, confirming that the critical role of intestinal microbiota in maintaining host blood sugar homeostasis. Our studies suggested that the intestinal but not fat body JNK pathway mediates the communication of intestinal microbiota and host insulin pathway. In flies, downregulation of JNK activity alleviates symptoms of insulin resistance by decreasing the activity of the JAK/STAT pathway. However, this offsets the therapeutic effects of supplying flies with acetobacter or lactobacillus, suggesting that the therapeutic function of these microorganisms is based on their interaction with JNK-JAK/STAT axis. Taken together, our study reveals that acetobacter and lactobacillus alleviate insulin resistance symptoms in a JNK-JAK/STAT pathway-dependent manner, indicating the therapeutic potential of probiotic supplementation and regulation of the activities of JNK-JAK/STAT pathway for diabetes control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghao Meng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yidong Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
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22
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Melo GM, Capucho AM, Sacramento JF, Ponce-de-Leão J, Fernandes MV, Almeida IF, Martins FO, Conde SV. Overnutrition during Pregnancy and Lactation Induces Gender-Dependent Dysmetabolism in the Offspring Accompanied by Heightened Stress and Anxiety. Nutrients 2023; 16:67. [PMID: 38201896 PMCID: PMC10781034 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity and gestational diabetes predispose the next generation to metabolic disturbances. Moreover, the lactation phase also stands as a critical phase for metabolic programming. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms originating these changes remain unclear. Here, we investigate the consequences of a maternal lipid-rich diet during gestation and lactation and its impact on metabolism and behavior in the offspring. Two experimental groups of Wistar female rats were used: a control group (NC) that was fed a standard diet during the gestation and lactation periods and an overnutrition group that was fed a high-fat diet (HF, 60% lipid-rich) during the same phases. The offspring were analyzed at postnatal days 21 and 28 and at 2 months old (PD21, PD28, and PD60) for their metabolic profiles (weight, fasting glycemia insulin sensitivity, and glucose tolerance) and euthanized for brain collection to evaluate metabolism and inflammation in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex using Western blot markers of synaptic dynamics. At 2 months old, behavioral tests for anxiety, stress, cognition, and food habits were conducted. We observed that the female offspring born from HF mothers exhibited increased weight gain and decreased glucose tolerance that attenuated with age. In the offspring males, weight gain increased at P21 and worsened with age, while glucose tolerance remained unchanged. The offspring of the HF mothers exhibited elevated levels of anxiety and stress during behavioral tests, displaying decreased predisposition for curiosity compared to the NC group. In addition, the offspring from mothers with HF showed increased food consumption and a lower tendency towards food-related aggression. We conclude that exposure to an HF diet during pregnancy and lactation induces dysmetabolism in the offspring and is accompanied by heightened stress and anxiety. There was sexual dimorphism in the metabolic traits but not behavioral phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Silvia V. Conde
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Rua Camara Pestana, 6, Edificio 2, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal; (G.M.M.); (A.M.C.); (J.F.S.); (J.P.-d.-L.); (M.V.F.); (I.F.A.); (F.O.M.)
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23
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Park SC, Lee YS, Cho KA, Kim SY, Lee YI, Lee SR, Lim IK. What matters in aging is signaling for responsiveness. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 252:108560. [PMID: 37952903 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Biological responsiveness refers to the capacity of living organisms to adapt to changes in both their internal and external environments through physiological and behavioral mechanisms. One of the prominent aspects of aging is the decline in this responsiveness, which can lead to a deterioration in the processes required for maintenance, survival, and growth. The vital link between physiological responsiveness and the essential life processes lies within the signaling systems. To devise effective strategies for controlling the aging process, a comprehensive reevaluation of this connecting loop is imperative. This review aims to explore the impact of aging on signaling systems responsible for responsiveness and introduce a novel perspective on intervening in the aging process by restoring the compromised responsiveness. These innovative mechanistic approaches for modulating altered responsiveness hold the potential to illuminate the development of action plans aimed at controlling the aging process and treating age-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Chul Park
- The Future Life & Society Research Center, Advanced Institute of Aging Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Sam Lee
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea; Well Aging Research Center, Division of Biotechnology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung A Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Il Lee
- Well Aging Research Center, Division of Biotechnology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Engineering Major, Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Rock Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do 58128, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - In Kyoung Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
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Hashemipour S, Zohal M, Modarresnia L, Kolaji S, Panahi H, Badri M, Chopani SM, Kelishomi SE, Ghasemi A, Ghafelehbashi SH. The yield of early-pregnancy homeostasis of model assessment -insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) for predicting gestational diabetes mellitus in different body mass index and age groups. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:822. [PMID: 38017369 PMCID: PMC10683100 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-06113-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) can be beneficial for lifestyle modifications to prevent GDM. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive values of Homeostasis of Model Assessment -Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) in early pregnancy to predict GDM development in different body mass index (BMI) and age risk categories. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study is part of the Qazvin Maternal and Neonatal Metabolic Study (QMNMS) in Iran (2018-2021). In this prospective longitudinal study, pregnant women with a gestational age ≤ 14 weeks were enrolled in the study using convenience sampling method and were followed up until delivery to investigate risk factors for maternal and neonatal complications. Data collection was done using questionnaires. Serum sampling was done at a gestational age ≤ 14 weeks and sera were frozen until the end of study. GDM was diagnosed at 24-28 weeks of pregnancy using 75gr oral glucose tolerance test. Fasting blood glucose and insulin were measured in sera taken during early pregnancy in 583 participants. The Mann-Whitney U test, independent t-test, and Chi-square test were used for comparing variables between groups. The logistic regression analysis was used to examine the independent association of HOMA-IR with GDM development and receiver operating characteristic analysis was used for finding the best cut-off of HOMA-IR for predicting GDM. RESULTS GDM was developed in 90 (15.4%) of the participants. The third HOMA-IR tertile was independently associated with 3.2 times higher GDM occurrence (95% CI:1.6-6.2, P = 0.001). Despite the high prevalence of GDM in advanced maternal age (GDM rate = 28.4%), HOMA-IR had no association with GDM occurrence in this high-risk group. In both normal BMI and overweight/obese groups, HOMA-IR was a moderate predictor of GDM development (AUC = 0.638, P = 0.005 and AUC = 0.622, P = 0.008, respectively). However, the best cut-off for predicting GDM was 2.06 (sensitivity 67.5%, specificity 61.1%) in normal BMI and 3.13 (sensitivity 64.6%, specificity61.8%) in overweight/obese BMI. CONCLUSION The present study revealed the necessity of considering the BMI and age risk groups when using the HOMA-IR index to predict GDM. Using lower cut-offs is more accurate for women with a normal BMI. In the advanced maternal age, there is no yield of HOMA-IR for predicting GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Hashemipour
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Zohal
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Leila Modarresnia
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Sepideh Kolaji
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Panahi
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Milad Badri
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Sarah Mirzaeei Chopani
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Sara Esmaeili Kelishomi
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Amirabbas Ghasemi
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Seyyed Hamidreza Ghafelehbashi
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
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25
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Xiong L, Dorus S, Ramalingam L. Role of Fish Oil in Preventing Paternal Obesity and Improving Offspring Skeletal Muscle Health. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3120. [PMID: 38137341 PMCID: PMC10740802 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of fish oil supplementation during the periconceptional period in male mice. Specifically, it examines the impact of fish oil on intergenerational health, as determined by skeletal muscle markers. To mimic paternal obesity, thirty mice were separated into three groups with distinct dietary regimes for 10 weeks: a high-fat diet (HF), a high-fat diet supplemented with fish oil (FO), and a low-fat diet (LF). Then, these mice mated with control female mice. Dams and offspring consumed a chow diet during gestation and lactation, and the offspring continued on a chow diet. To study short-term (8 weeks) and long-term (16 weeks) effects of FO, skeletal muscle was isolated at the time of sacrifice, and gene analyses were performed. Results suggest that offspring born to FO-supplemented sires exhibited a significant, short-term upregulation of genes associated with insulin signaling, fatty acid oxidation, and skeletal muscle growth with significant downregulation of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis at 8 weeks. Prominent differences in the above markers were observed at 8 weeks compared to 16 weeks. These findings suggest the potential benefits of FO supplementation for fathers during the periconceptional period in reducing the health risks of offspring due to paternal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligeng Xiong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Stephen Dorus
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Latha Ramalingam
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
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26
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Hwang J, Park S. A Korean Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study Investigating Risk Factors, Prevalence, and Characteristics of Sarcopenia in Men in Early Old Age. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2860. [PMID: 37958004 PMCID: PMC10649574 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11212860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the risk factors, prevalence, and characteristics of sarcopenia among men aged 50-64 years. A total of 2868 participants were enrolled in this study. Of these, 328 individuals were classified into a sarcopenia group; the remaining 2540 were assigned to a control group. This study examined several variables, including skeletal muscle mass index, age, height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, triglyceride and total cholesterol levels, alcohol consumption, and tobacco use. It employed a stratified, clustered, and multistage probability sampling design. Complex sampling was used for the data analysis. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 10.25% (95% CI: 8.98-11.69). All anthropometric measures, including height, weight, BMI, and waist circumference, were significantly different between the two groups (p < 0.05). In terms of blood pressure, only systolic blood pressure (SBP) was significant (p < 0.05), and fasting glucose and triglyceride levels were risk factors for sarcopenia (p < 0.05). Tobacco use differed significantly between the two groups (p < 0.05). This study reported the specific prevalence of sarcopenia and identified its risk factors among men in early old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongseok Hwang
- Institute of Human Ecology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si 38541, Republic of Korea;
| | - Soonjee Park
- Department of Clothing and Fashion, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si 38541, Republic of Korea
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27
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Burton MA, Garratt ES, Hewitt MO, Sharkh HY, Antoun E, Westbury LD, Dennison EM, Harvey NC, Cooper C, MacIsaac JL, Kobor MS, Patel HP, Godfrey KM, Lillycrop KA. DNA methylation of insulin signaling pathways is associated with HOMA2-IR in primary myoblasts from older adults. Skelet Muscle 2023; 13:17. [PMID: 37898813 PMCID: PMC10612387 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-023-00326-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While ageing is associated with increased insulin resistance (IR), the molecular mechanisms underlying increased IR in the muscle, the primary organ for glucose clearance, have yet to be elucidated in older individuals. As epigenetic processes are suggested to contribute to the development of ageing-associated diseases, we investigated whether differential DNA methylation was associated with IR in human primary muscle stem cells (myoblasts) from community-dwelling older individuals. METHODS We measured DNA methylation (Infinium HumanMethylationEPIC BeadChip) in myoblast cultures from vastus lateralis biopsies (119 males/females, mean age 78.24 years) from the Hertfordshire Sarcopenia Study extension (HSSe) and examined differentially methylated cytosine phosphate guanine (CpG) sites (dmCpG), regions (DMRs) and gene pathways associated with HOMA2-IR, an index for the assessment of insulin resistance, and levels of glycated hemoglobin HbA1c. RESULTS Thirty-eight dmCpGs (false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05) were associated with HOMA2-IR, with dmCpGs enriched in genes linked with JNK, AMPK and insulin signaling. The methylation signal associated with HOMA2-IR was attenuated after the addition of either BMI (6 dmCpGs), appendicular lean mass index (ALMi) (7 dmCpGs), grip strength (15 dmCpGs) or gait speed (23 dmCpGs) as covariates in the model. There were 8 DMRs (Stouffer < 0.05) associated with HOMA2-IR, including DMRs within T-box transcription factor (TBX1) and nuclear receptor subfamily-2 group F member-2 (NR2F2); the DMRs within TBX1 and NR2F2 remained associated with HOMA2-IR after adjustment for BMI, ALMi, grip strength or gait speed. Forty-nine dmCpGs and 21 DMRs were associated with HbA1c, with cg13451048, located within exoribonuclease family member 3 (ERI3) associated with both HOMA2-IR and HbA1c. HOMA2-IR and HbA1c were not associated with accelerated epigenetic ageing. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that insulin resistance is associated with differential DNA methylation in human primary myoblasts with both muscle mass and body composition making a significant contribution to the methylation changes associated with IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Burton
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Emma S Garratt
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton & University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Matthew O Hewitt
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Hanan Y Sharkh
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Elie Antoun
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Leo D Westbury
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Elaine M Dennison
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton & University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Nicholas C Harvey
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton & University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton & University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julia L MacIsaac
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Edwin S.H. Leong Healthy Aging Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Michael S Kobor
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Edwin S.H. Leong Healthy Aging Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Harnish P Patel
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton & University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Academic Geriatric Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton & University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Karen A Lillycrop
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton & University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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Li I, Lu T, Lin T, Chen AY, Chu H, Chen Y, Li T, Chen C. Hispidin-enriched Sanghuangporus sanghuang mycelia SS-MN4 ameliorate disuse atrophy while improving muscle endurance. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:2226-2238. [PMID: 37562939 PMCID: PMC10570085 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disuse atrophy is a frequent cause of muscle atrophy, which can occur in individuals of any age who have been inactive for a prolonged period or immobilization. Additionally, acute diseases such as COVID-19 can cause frequent sequelae and exacerbate muscle wasting, leading to additional fatigue symptoms. It is necessary to investigate potent functional nutrients for muscle reinforcement in both disuse atrophy and fatigue to ensure better physical performance. METHODS The effects of Sanghuangporus sanghuang SS-MN4 mycelia were tested on two groups of 6-week-old male mice-one with disuse atrophy and the other with fatigue. The disuse atrophy group was divided into three sub-groups: a control group, a group that underwent hind limb casting for 7 days and then recovered for 7 days and a group that was administered with SS-MN4 orally for 14 days, underwent hind limb casting for 7 days and then recovered for 7 days. The fatigue group was divided into two sub-groups: a control group that received no SS-MN4 intervention and an experimental group that was administered with SS-MN4 orally for 39 days and tested for exhaustive swimming and running on Day 31 and Day 33, respectively. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and western blot analysis were conducted on C2C12 cell lines to identify the therapeutic effects of SS-MN4 treatment. RESULTS In a disuse atrophy model induced by hind limb casting, supplementing with 250 mg/kg of SS-MN4 for 14 days led to 111.2% gastrocnemius muscle mass recovery and an 89.1% improvement in motor function on a treadmill (P < 0.05). In a fatigue animal model, equivalent SS-MN4 dosage improved swimming (178.7%) and running (162.4%) activities (P < 0.05) and reduced blood urea nitrogen levels by 18% (P < 0.05). SS-MN4 treatment also increased liver and muscle glycogen storage by 34.36% and 55.6%, respectively, suggesting a higher energy reserve for exercise. RNA-seq and western blot studies from the C2C12 myotube showed that SS-MN4 extract upregulates Myh4 and helps sustain myotube integrity against dexamethasone damage. CONCLUSIONS Supplementation of SS-MN4 (250-mg/kg body weight) with hispidin as active compound revealed a potential usage as a muscle nutritional supplement enhancing muscle recovery, fast-twitch fibre regrowth and fatigue resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- I‐Chen Li
- Biotech Research InstituteGrape King Bio Ltd.TaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Ting‐Yu Lu
- Biotech Research InstituteGrape King Bio Ltd.TaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Ting‐Wei Lin
- Biotech Research InstituteGrape King Bio Ltd.TaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Andy Y. Chen
- Department of BioengineeringStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
| | - Hsin‐Tung Chu
- Biotech Research InstituteGrape King Bio Ltd.TaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Yen‐Lien Chen
- Biotech Research InstituteGrape King Bio Ltd.TaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Tsung‐Ju Li
- Biotech Research InstituteGrape King Bio Ltd.TaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Chin‐Chu Chen
- Biotech Research InstituteGrape King Bio Ltd.TaoyuanTaiwan
- Institute of Food Science and TechnologyNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Bioscience TechnologyChung Yuan Christian UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Nutraceutical BiotechnologyShih Chien UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
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29
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Brener A, Lorber D, Reuveny A, Toledano H, Porat-Kuperstein L, Lebenthal Y, Weizman E, Olender T, Volk T. Sedentary Behavior Impacts on the Epigenome and Transcriptome: Lessons from Muscle Inactivation in Drosophila Larvae. Cells 2023; 12:2333. [PMID: 37830547 PMCID: PMC10571804 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological mechanisms linking sedentary lifestyles and metabolic derangements are incompletely understood. In this study, temporal muscle inactivation in Drosophila larvae carrying a temperature-sensitive mutation in the shibire (shi1) gene was induced to mimic sedentary behavior during early life and study its transcriptional outcome. Our findings indicated a significant change in the epigenetic profile, as well as the genomic profile, of RNA Pol II binding in the inactive muscles relative to control, within a relatively short time period. Whole-genome analysis of RNA-Pol II binding to DNA by muscle-specific targeted DamID (TaDa) protocol revealed that muscle inactivity altered Pol II binding in 121 out of 2010 genes (6%), with a three-fold enrichment of genes coding for lncRNAs. The suppressed protein-coding genes included genes associated with longevity, DNA repair, muscle function, and ubiquitin-dependent proteostasis. Moreover, inducing muscle inactivation exerted a multi-level impact upon chromatin modifications, triggering an altered epigenetic balance of active versus inactive marks. The downregulated genes in the inactive muscles included genes essential for muscle structure and function, carbohydrate metabolism, longevity, and others. Given the multiple analogous genes in Drosophila for many human genes, extrapolating our findings to humans may hold promise for establishing a molecular link between sedentary behavior and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avivit Brener
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Institute, Dana-Dwek Children’s Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Affiliated with the Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (A.B.); (Y.L.)
| | - Dana Lorber
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (D.L.); (A.R.); (T.O.)
| | - Adriana Reuveny
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (D.L.); (A.R.); (T.O.)
| | - Hila Toledano
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (H.T.); (L.P.-K.)
| | - Lilach Porat-Kuperstein
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (H.T.); (L.P.-K.)
| | - Yael Lebenthal
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Institute, Dana-Dwek Children’s Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Affiliated with the Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (A.B.); (Y.L.)
| | - Eviatar Weizman
- G-INCPM, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel;
| | - Tsviya Olender
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (D.L.); (A.R.); (T.O.)
| | - Talila Volk
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (D.L.); (A.R.); (T.O.)
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Papadopoulos KI, Papadopoulou A, Aw TC. MicroRNA-155 mediates endogenous angiotensin II type 1 receptor regulation: implications for innovative type 2 diabetes mellitus management. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:1334-1340. [PMID: 37771329 PMCID: PMC10523232 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i9.1334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a lifelong condition and a threat to human health. Thorough understanding of its pathogenesis is acutely needed in order to devise innovative, preventative, and potentially curative pharmacological interventions. MicroRNAs (miRNA), are small, non-coding, one-stranded RNA molecules, that can target and silence around 60% of all human genes through translational repression. MiR-155 is an ancient, evolutionarily well-conserved miRNA, with distinct expression profiles and multifunctionality, and a target repertoire of over 241 genes involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes including hematopoietic lineage differentiation, immunity, inflammation, viral infections, cancer, cardiovascular conditions, and particularly diabetes mellitus. MiR-155 Levels are progressively reduced in aging, obesity, sarcopenia, and T2DM. Thus, the loss of coordinated repression of multiple miR-155 targets acting as negative regulators, such as C/EBPβ, HDAC4, and SOCS1 impacts insulin signaling, deteriorating glucose homeostasis, and causing insulin resistance (IR). Moreover, deranged regulation of the renin angiotensin aldo-sterone system (RAAS) through loss of Angiotensin II Type 1 receptor downregulation, and negated repression of ETS-1, results in unopposed detrimental Angiotensin II effects, further promoting IR. Finally, loss of BACH1 and SOCS1 repression abolishes cytoprotective, anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory cellular pathways, and promotes β-cell loss. In contrast to RAAS inhibitor treatments that further decrease already reduced miR-155 Levels, strategies to increase an ailing miR-155 production in T2DM, e.g., the use of metformin, mineralocorticoid receptor blockers (spironolactone, eplerenone, finerenone), and verapamil, alone or in various combinations, represent current treatment options. In the future, direct tissue delivery of miRNA analogs is likely.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandra Papadopoulou
- Occupational and Environmental Health Services, Feelgood Lund, Lund 223-63, Skåne, Sweden
| | - Tar-Choon Aw
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore 529889, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore, Singapore
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Leite MM, de Sousa Neto IV, Dutra MT, Funghetto SS, de Oliveira Silva A, da Silva ICR, Ramos de Lima L, Morato Stival M. Predictive Models of Muscle Strength in Older People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Clin Interv Aging 2023; 18:1535-1546. [PMID: 37727449 PMCID: PMC10506670 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s414620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To propose predictive models for absolute muscle strength (AMS) of elderly people with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) in primary health care. Patients and Methods The cross-sectional study was conducted with 138 elderly diabetics. The AMS was measured by a JAMAR® hydraulic handgrip dynamometer, determined by the sum of both hands. The following indices were evaluated: waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), body mass index (BMI), Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP), Triglyceride/High Density Lipoprotein (TG/HDL) ratio and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR). Multiple linear regression was used in the statistical analysis. Results The final regression model indicated 66.4% (R²=0.66) of the variation in AMS. WHtR decreased AMS by 41.1% (β = -0.19; t = -3.70; p < 0.001), while PLR by 11.3% (β = -0.12; t = -2.36; p = 0.020). Male sex increased AMS by 10.6% (β = 0.32; t = 4.16; p < 0.001), and lean mass (LM) by 0.89% (β = 0.46; t = 6.03; p < 0.001). Conclusion WHtR and PLR predicted a decrease, while male sex and LM predicted an increase in AMS. It is suggested that these markers be used as screening measures for variation in AMS in older adults with DM2. These results have relevant practical application in primary health care since the markers are easy to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Medeiros Leite
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Brasilia, Faculty of Ceilândia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Ivo Vieira de Sousa Neto
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Silvana Schwerz Funghetto
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Brasilia, Faculty of Ceilândia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marina Morato Stival
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Brasilia, Faculty of Ceilândia, Brasilia, Brazil
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Marcotte-Chénard A, Oliveira B, Little JP, Candow DG. Sarcopenia and type 2 diabetes: Pathophysiology and potential therapeutic lifestyle interventions. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2023; 17:102835. [PMID: 37542749 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Sarcopenia generally refers to the age-related reduction in muscle strength, functional ability, and muscle mass. Sarcopenia is a multifactorial condition associated with poor glucose disposal, insulin resistance, and subsequently type 2 diabetes (T2D). The pathophysiological connection between sarcopenia and T2D is complex but likely involves glycemic control, inflammation, oxidative stress, and adiposity. METHODS AND RESULTS Resistance exercise and aerobic training are two lifestyle interventions that may improve glycemic control in older adults with T2D and counteract sarcopenia. Further, there is evidence that dietary protein, Omega-3 fatty acids, creatine monohydrate, and Vitamin D hold potential to augment some of these benefits from exercise. CONCLUSIONS The purpose of this narrative review is: (1) discuss the pathophysiological link between age-related sarcopenia and T2D, and (2) discuss lifestyle interventions involving physical activity and nutrition that may counteract sarcopenia and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Marcotte-Chénard
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Barbara Oliveira
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Jonathan P Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Darren G Candow
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Health Studies, University of Regina, Saskatchewan, S4S 0A2, Canada.
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Bahat G, Ozkok S, Petrovic M. Management of Type 2 Diabetes in Frail Older Adults. Drugs Aging 2023; 40:751-761. [PMID: 37434085 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-023-01049-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Aging is one of the most important factors associated with the dramatic increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) globally. In addition to traditional micro- and macrovascular complications, diabetes mellitus (DM) in older adults is of great importance due to its independent relationship with frailty, which is defined as a decline in functional reserves and vulnerability to stressors. Frailty assessment enables the determination of biological age, thus predicting potential complications in older adults and identifying tailored treatment strategies. Although the latest guidelines have acknowledged the frailty concept and provided recommendations specific to this subgroup of older adults, frail older adults are particularly considered only as anorexic, malnourished people for whom relaxed treatment targets should be set. However, this approach bypasses other metabolic phenotypes in the context of diabetes and frailty. Recently, a spectrum of metabolic phenotypes in the context of frailty in DM was suggested, and the two edges of this spectrum were defined as "anorexic malnourished (AM)" and "sarcopenic obese (SO)." These two edges were suggested to require different strategies: Opposite to the AM phenotype requiring less stringent targets and de-intensification of treatments, tight blood glucose control with agents promoting weight loss was recommended in the SO group. Our suggestion is that, regardless of their phenotype, weight loss should not be the primary goal in DM management in older adults who are overweight or obese, because of the increased malnutrition prevalence in older adults suffering from DM compared with standard older adults. Furthermore, overweight older adults have been reported to have the lowest risk of mortality compared with other groups. On the other hand, obese older individuals may benefit from intensive lifestyle interventions including caloric restriction and regular exercise with the assurance of at least 1 g/kg/day high-quality protein intake. Besides metformin (MF), sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) should be considered in appropriate SO cases, due to high evidence of cardiorenal benefits. MF should be avoided in the AM phenotype due to their weight loss property. Although weight loss is not desired in AM phenotype, SGLT-2i may still be preferred with close follow-up in certain individuals demonstrating high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Of note, SGLT-2i should be considered earlier in the diabetes treatment in both groups due to their multiple benefits, i.e., organ protective effects, the potential to reduce polypharmacy, and improve frailty status. The concept of different metabolic phenotypes in frail older adults with diabetes once again shows "one size fits all" cannot be applied in geriatric medicine, and a tailored, individualized approach should be adopted to get the highest benefit from treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulistan Bahat
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul University, Capa, 34390, Istanbul, Türkiye.
| | - Serdar Ozkok
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Hatay Training and Research Hospital, 31040, Hatay, Türkiye
| | - Mirko Petrovic
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Baechle JJ, Chen N, Makhijani P, Winer S, Furman D, Winer DA. Chronic inflammation and the hallmarks of aging. Mol Metab 2023; 74:101755. [PMID: 37329949 PMCID: PMC10359950 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, the hallmarks of aging were updated to include dysbiosis, disabled macroautophagy, and chronic inflammation. In particular, the low-grade chronic inflammation during aging, without overt infection, is defined as "inflammaging," which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in the aging population. Emerging evidence suggests a bidirectional and cyclical relationship between chronic inflammation and the development of age-related conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration, cancer, and frailty. How the crosstalk between chronic inflammation and other hallmarks of aging underlies biological mechanisms of aging and age-related disease is thus of particular interest to the current geroscience research. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review integrates the cellular and molecular mechanisms of age-associated chronic inflammation with the other eleven hallmarks of aging. Extra discussion is dedicated to the hallmark of "altered nutrient sensing," given the scope of Molecular Metabolism. The deregulation of hallmark processes during aging disrupts the delicate balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory signaling, leading to a persistent inflammatory state. The resultant chronic inflammation, in turn, further aggravates the dysfunction of each hallmark, thereby driving the progression of aging and age-related diseases. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The crosstalk between chronic inflammation and other hallmarks of aging results in a vicious cycle that exacerbates the decline in cellular functions and promotes aging. Understanding this complex interplay will provide new insights into the mechanisms of aging and the development of potential anti-aging interventions. Given their interconnectedness and ability to accentuate the primary elements of aging, drivers of chronic inflammation may be an ideal target with high translational potential to address the pathological conditions associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan J Baechle
- Buck Artificial Intelligence Platform, the Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Priya Makhijani
- Buck Artificial Intelligence Platform, the Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shawn Winer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Furman
- Buck Artificial Intelligence Platform, the Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA; Stanford 1000 Immunomes Project, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), Universidad Austral, CONICET, Pilar, Argentina.
| | - Daniel A Winer
- Buck Artificial Intelligence Platform, the Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Keshavjee SH, Schwenger KJP, Yadav J, Pickel L, Ghorbani Y, Sung HK, Jung H, Lou W, Fischer SE, Jackson TD, Okrainec A, Allard JP. Adipose Tissue and Plasma Markers Associated with HbA1c Pre- and Post-bariatric Surgery: a Cross-sectional and Cohort Study. Obes Surg 2023; 33:2443-2451. [PMID: 37380880 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-06679-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity can be associated with chronic inflammation and dysregulated expression of inflammatory adipokines that contribute to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. This may also affect the clinical response to bariatric surgery. Our objective was whether baseline visceral adipose tissue features and plasma adipokine are associated with HbA1c ≥0.06 at the time of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery and with persistently elevated HbA1c at 12 months post-RYGB. METHODS During the surgery, adipose biopsies and plasma were collected for adipokine/cytokine profile. Clinical and biochemical measurements were also collected at the time of RYGB and, in those with baseline elevated HbA1c, at 12 months post-RYGB. RESULTS In the cross-sectional study, 109 patients (82.6% female; age 49 years; BMI 46.98 kg/m2) participated. Of those with elevated HbA1c at baseline (n = 61), 47 patients had repeated measurements at 12 months post-RYGB (23% drop-out). Using a multivariate logistic regression model, older age (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 1.14; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06-1.22) and higher plasma resistin (aOR, 5.30; 95% CI, 1.25-22.44) were associated with higher odds of HbA1c ≥ 0.06, whereas higher plasma adiponectin (aOR, 0.993; 95% CI, 0.99-0.996) was associated with lower odds of HbA1c ≥0.06. In addition, baseline higher average adipose cell area (aOR, 1.0017; 95% CI, 1.0002-1.0032) and plasma resistin (aOR, 1.0004; 95% CI, 1.0000-1.0009) were associated with higher odds of having persistently elevated HbA1c at 12 months post-RYGB. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that baseline plasma adipokine dysregulation, specifically high resistin, and adipocyte hypertrophy may affect the clinical response to RYGB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara H Keshavjee
- Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 190 Elizabeth Street, 1st Floor, Suite 408, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Katherine J P Schwenger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, 6 Queen's Park Crescent West, Third Floor, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H2, Canada
| | - Jitender Yadav
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Sciences Building, Room 7207, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Lauren Pickel
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Yasaman Ghorbani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, 6 Queen's Park Crescent West, Third Floor, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H2, Canada
| | - Hoon-Ki Sung
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, 6th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hyejung Jung
- Dalla Lana Public Health Department, University of Toronto, 155 College St, 6th Fl, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Wendy Lou
- Dalla Lana Public Health Department, University of Toronto, 155 College St, 6th Fl, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Sandra E Fischer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, 6th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Timothy D Jackson
- Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 190 Elizabeth Street, 1st Floor, Suite 408, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Allan Okrainec
- Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 190 Elizabeth Street, 1st Floor, Suite 408, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Johane P Allard
- Division of Gastroenterology, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, 6 Queen's Park Crescent West, Third Floor, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H2, Canada.
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Guo Y, Zhang Q, Zheng L, Shou J, Zhuang S, Xiao W, Chen P. Depot-specific adaption of adipose tissue for different exercise approaches in high-fat diet/streptozocin-induced diabetic mice. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1189528. [PMID: 37485056 PMCID: PMC10358987 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1189528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Adipose tissue pathology plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Understanding the impact of exercise training on adipose tissue adaptation is of paramount importance in enhancing metabolic health. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of various exercise modalities on three distinct adipose tissue depots, namely, interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT), subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT), and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), in a murine model of diabetes. Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice received a 12-week high-fat diet and a single injection of streptozotocin, followed by an 8-week exercise intervention. The exercise intervention included swimming, resistance training, aerobic exercise, and high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Results: We found that exercise training reduced body weight and body fat percentage, diminished adipocyte size and increased the expression of mitochondria-related genes (PGC1, COX4, and COX8B) in three adipose tissue depots. The effects of exercise on inflammatory status include a reduction in crown-like structures and the expression of inflammatory factors, mainly in eWAT. Besides, exercise only induces the browning of sWAT, which may be related to the expression of the sympathetic marker tyrosine hydroxylase. Among the four forms of exercise, HIIT was the most effective in reducing body fat percentage, increasing muscle mass and reducing eWAT adipocyte size. The expression of oxidative phosphorylation and thermogenesis-related genes in sWAT and eWAT was highest in the HIIT group. Conclusion: When targeting adipose tissue to improve diabetes, HIIT may offer superior benefits and thus represents a more advantageous choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Guo
- Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Qilong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifang Zheng
- College of Physical Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Shou
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuzhao Zhuang
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Weihua Xiao
- Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Peijie Chen
- Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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Lee SB, Kim M, Lee HJ, Kim JK. Association of handgrip strength with new-onset CKD in Korean adults according to gender. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1148386. [PMID: 37409278 PMCID: PMC10318437 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1148386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Handgrip strength (HGS) is an indicator of many diseases such as pneumonia, cardiovascular disease and cancer. HGS can also predict renal function in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, but the value of HGS as a predictor of new-onset CKD is unknown. Methods 173,195 subjects were recruited from a nationwide cohort and were followed for 4.1 years. After exclusions, 35,757 participants remained in the final study, and CKD developed in 1063 individuals during the follow-up period. Lifestyle, anthropometric and laboratory data were evaluated in relation to the risk of CKD. Results The participants were subdivided into quartiles according to relative handgrip strength (RGS). Multivariate Cox regression demonstrated that RGS was inversely associated with incident CKD. Compared with the lowest quartile, the hazard ratios (HRs) [95% confidence intervals (CIs)] for incident CKD for the highest quartile (Q4) was 0.55 (0.34-0.88) after adjusting for covariates in men and 0.51 (0.31-0.85) in women. The incidence of CKD decreased as RGS increased. These negative associations were more significant in men than in women. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that baseline RGS had predictive power for new-onset CKD. Area under the curve (AUC) (95% CIs) was 0.739 (0.707-0.770) in men and 0.765 (0.729-0.801) in women. Conclusion This is the novel study demonstrating that RGS is associated with incident CKD in both men and women. The relationship between RGS and incident CKD is more significant in women than in men. RGS can be used in clinical practice to evaluate renal prognosis. Regular measurement of handgrip strength is essential to CKD detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Bum Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Miryung Kim
- Department of Nephrology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui-Jeong Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Koo Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Global Health Care and Development, Wonju, Republic of Korea
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Papadopoulos E, Wong AKO, Law SHC, Zhang LZJ, Breunis H, Emmenegger U, Alibhai SMH. The impact of sarcopenia on clinical outcomes in men with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286381. [PMID: 37262068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sarcopenia is common in men with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and has been largely assessed opportunistically through computed-tomography (CT) scans, excluding measures of muscle function. Therefore, the impact of a comprehensive assessment of sarcopenia on clinical outcomes in men with mCRPC is poorly understood. The objectives of this study were to comprehensively assess sarcopenia through CT scans and measures of muscle function and examine its impact on severe treatment toxicity, time to first emergency room (ER) visit, disease progression, and overall mortality in men initiating chemotherapy or androgen receptor-targeted axis (ARAT) therapy for mCRPC. METHODS This was a secondary analysis of a prospective observational study of men with mCRPC at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre between July 2015-May 2021. Participants were classified as sarcopenic if they had CT-based low muscle mass or low muscle density, a grip strength and gait speed score of <35.5kg and <0.8m/s, respectively, prior to treatment initiation. The impact of sarcopenia on severe treatment toxicity was assessed using multivariable logistic regression. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to determine the impact of sarcopenia on risk of visiting the ER, prostate-specific antigen progression, radiographic progression, and overall mortality. RESULTS A total of 110 men (mean age: 74.6) were included in the analysis. At baseline, 30 (27.3%) were classified as sarcopenic. Sarcopenia was a significant predictor of severe toxicity (aOR = 6.26, 95%CI = 1.17-33.58, P = 0.032) and ER visits (aHR = 4.41, 95%CI = 1.26-15.43, p = 0.020) in men initiating ARAT but not in men initiating chemotherapy. Sarcopenia was also a predictor of radiographic progression (aHR = 2.39, 95%CI = 1.06-5.36, p = 0.035) and overall mortality (aHR = 2.44, 95%CI = 1.17-5.08, p = 0.018) regardless of treatment type. CONCLUSIONS Baseline sarcopenia predicts radiographic progression and overall mortality in men with mCRPC regardless of the type of treatment and may also predict severe treatment toxicity and ER visits in men initiating ARAT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andy Kin On Wong
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sharon Hiu Ching Law
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Henriette Breunis
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Urban Emmenegger
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shabbir M H Alibhai
- Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Supportive Care, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Niero M, Bartoli G, De Colle P, Scarcella M, Zanetti M. Impact of Dietary Fiber on Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Older Patients: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102365. [PMID: 37242248 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The beneficial impact of dietary fiber on the prevention and management of several chronic conditions associated with aging, including diabetes, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer, is well-known. High fiber intake has been associated with reduced inflammatory mediators counteracting the low-grade chronic inflammation typical of older age. In addition, dietary fiber improves postprandial glucose response and insulin resistance. In contrast, during acute diseases, its effects on insulin resistance and modulation of immune response are unclear. The aim of this narrative is to summarize the evidence for the potential impact of dietary fiber on inflammation and insulin resistance in older adults, with a particular focus on those acutely ill. Available evidence suggests that dietary fiber has the potential to counteract acute inflammation and to improve metabolic health. In addition, modulation of gut microbiota composition may contribute to improved immune function, particularly in the setting of aging-associated dysbiosis. This phenomenon has relevant implications in those acutely ill, in whom dysbiosis can be exacerbated. Our review leads to the conclusion that dietary interventions based on fiber manipulation could exploit its beneficial effects on inflammation and insulin resistance, if conducted from a precision nutrition perspective. This could also be true for the acutely ill patient, even though strong evidence is lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Niero
- Geriatric Clinic, Maggiore Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, 34148 Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulio Bartoli
- Geriatric Clinic, Maggiore Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, 34148 Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo De Colle
- Geriatric Clinic, Maggiore Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, 34148 Trieste, Italy
| | - Marialaura Scarcella
- Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Nutritional Science, Azienda Ospedaliera "Santa Maria", Via Tristano di Joannuccio, 05100 Terni, Italy
| | - Michela Zanetti
- Geriatric Clinic, Maggiore Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, 34148 Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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Micheli L, Bertini L, Bonato A, Villanova N, Caruso C, Caruso M, Bernini R, Tirone F. Role of Hydroxytyrosol and Oleuropein in the Prevention of Aging and Related Disorders: Focus on Neurodegeneration, Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction and Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071767. [PMID: 37049607 PMCID: PMC10096778 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a multi-faceted process caused by the accumulation of cellular damage over time, associated with a gradual reduction of physiological activities in cells and organs. This degeneration results in a reduced ability to adapt to homeostasis perturbations and an increased incidence of illnesses such as cognitive decline, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, and skeletal muscle pathologies. Key features of aging include a chronic low-grade inflammation state and a decrease of the autophagic process. The Mediterranean diet has been associated with longevity and ability to counteract the onset of age-related disorders. Extra virgin olive oil, a fundamental component of this diet, contains bioactive polyphenolic compounds as hydroxytyrosol (HTyr) and oleuropein (OLE), known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. This review is focused on brain, skeletal muscle, and gut microbiota, as these systems are known to interact at several levels. After the description of the chemistry and pharmacokinetics of HTyr and OLE, we summarize studies reporting their effects in in vivo and in vitro models of neurodegenerative diseases of the central/peripheral nervous system, adult neurogenesis and depression, senescence and lifespan, and age-related skeletal muscle disorders, as well as their impact on the composition of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Micheli
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Via E. Ramarini 32, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Bertini
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Agnese Bonato
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Via E. Ramarini 32, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Noemi Villanova
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Carla Caruso
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Maurizia Caruso
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Via E. Ramarini 32, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Bernini
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Felice Tirone
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Via E. Ramarini 32, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy
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A cross-talk between sestrins, chronic inflammation and cellular senescence governs the development of age-associated sarcopenia and obesity. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 86:101852. [PMID: 36642190 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The rapid increase in both the lifespan and proportion of older adults is accompanied by the unprecedented rise in age-associated chronic diseases, including sarcopenia and obesity. Aging is also manifested by increased susceptibility to multiple endogenous and exogenous stresses enabling such chronic conditions to develop. Among the main physiological regulators of cellular adaption to various stress stimuli, such as DNA damage, hypoxia, and oxidative stress, are sestrins (Sesns), a family of three evolutionarily conserved proteins, Sesn1, 2, and 3. Age-associated sarcopenia and obesity are characterized by two key processes: (i) accumulation of senescent cells in the skeletal muscle and adipose tissue and (ii) creation of a systemic, chronic, low-grade inflammation (SCLGI). Presumably, failed SCLGI resolution governs the development of these chronic conditions. Noteworthy, Sesns activate senolytics, which are agents that selectively eliminate senescent cells, as well as specialized pro-resolving mediators, which are factors that physiologically provide inflammation resolution. Sesns reveal clear beneficial effects in pre-clinical models of sarcopenia and obesity. Based on these observations, we propose a novel treatment strategy for age-associated sarcopenia and obesity, complementary to the conventional therapeutic modalities: Sesn activation, SCLGI resolution, and senescent cell elimination.
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Taylor JA, Greenhaff PL, Bartlett DB, Jackson TA, Duggal NA, Lord JM. Multisystem physiological perspective of human frailty and its modulation by physical activity. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1137-1191. [PMID: 36239451 PMCID: PMC9886361 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00037.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
"Frailty" is a term used to refer to a state characterized by enhanced vulnerability to, and impaired recovery from, stressors compared with a nonfrail state, which is increasingly viewed as a loss of resilience. With increasing life expectancy and the associated rise in years spent with physical frailty, there is a need to understand the clinical and physiological features of frailty and the factors driving it. We describe the clinical definitions of age-related frailty and their limitations in allowing us to understand the pathogenesis of this prevalent condition. Given that age-related frailty manifests in the form of functional declines such as poor balance, falls, and immobility, as an alternative we view frailty from a physiological viewpoint and describe what is known of the organ-based components of frailty, including adiposity, the brain, and neuromuscular, skeletal muscle, immune, and cardiovascular systems, as individual systems and as components in multisystem dysregulation. By doing so we aim to highlight current understanding of the physiological phenotype of frailty and reveal key knowledge gaps and potential mechanistic drivers of the trajectory to frailty. We also review the studies in humans that have intervened with exercise to reduce frailty. We conclude that more longitudinal and interventional clinical studies are required in older adults. Such observational studies should interrogate the progression from a nonfrail to a frail state, assessing individual elements of frailty to produce a deep physiological phenotype of the syndrome. The findings will identify mechanistic drivers of frailty and allow targeted interventions to diminish frailty progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Taylor
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul L Greenhaff
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - David B Bartlett
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A Jackson
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, https://ror.org/03angcq70University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Niharika A Duggal
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, https://ror.org/03angcq70University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Janet M Lord
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, https://ror.org/03angcq70University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Bennett JL, Pratt AG, Dodds R, Sayer AA, Isaacs JD. Rheumatoid sarcopenia: loss of skeletal muscle strength and mass in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2023; 19:239-251. [PMID: 36801919 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-023-00921-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, a disorder that involves the generalized loss of skeletal muscle strength and mass, was formally recognized as a disease by its inclusion in the International Classification of Diseases in 2016. Sarcopenia typically affects older people, but younger individuals with chronic disease are also at risk. The risk of sarcopenia is high (with a prevalence of ≥25%) in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and this rheumatoid sarcopenia is associated with increased likelihood of falls, fractures and physical disability, in addition to the burden of joint inflammation and damage. Chronic inflammation mediated by cytokines such as TNF, IL-6 and IFNγ contributes to aberrant muscle homeostasis (for instance, by exacerbating muscle protein breakdown), and results from transcriptomic studies have identified dysfunction of muscle stem cells and metabolism in RA. Progressive resistance exercise is an effective therapy for rheumatoid sarcopenia but it can be challenging or unsuitable for some individuals. The unmet need for anti-sarcopenia pharmacotherapies is great, both for people with RA and for otherwise healthy older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Bennett
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
- Musculoskeletal Unit, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Arthur G Pratt
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Musculoskeletal Unit, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Richard Dodds
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Avan A Sayer
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John D Isaacs
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Musculoskeletal Unit, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Evaluation of the Relationship Between Smoking and Insulin Resistance: A Case-Control Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e36684. [PMID: 36987444 PMCID: PMC10039987 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In recent years, there has been a surge in research focusing on the link between smoking and insulin resistance in the context of obesity and diabetes. In this study, our objective was to investigate the relationship between smoking and insulin resistance. Materials and Methods: This is a case-control study. The case and control groups were formed using the hospital patient information database and clinically randomized using data obtained, including age, gender, height, and weight. The case group for this study consisted of smokers, whereas the control group consisted of non-smokers. Chi-square tests were used to compare numbers and rates, and independent sample t-tests were used for the averages. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed between the case and control groups. Results: According to logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio for non-smokers was 0.59 (0.31-1.14). The risk of insulin resistance is decreased by 41% non-significantly in non-smokers. The odds ratio for age was 1.03 (1.01-1.05). When the age variable increases by one unit, the risk of insulin resistance increase by 1.03 times. Conclusion: Our study found no significant relationship between smoking and insulin resistance in healthy individuals. The relationship between smoking and insulin resistance, as reported in the scientific literature, may be suggestive of an association in which smoking exacerbates insulin resistance as a result of other contributing factors rather than serving as a direct causal factor. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the potential mechanisms underlying this association fully.
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Thangrom W, Roopsawang I, Aree-Ue S. Prevalence and Related Factors of Lower Urinary Tract Infection in Frail Older Adults Undergoing Major Noncardiac Surgery. Geriatrics (Basel) 2023; 8:geriatrics8020033. [PMID: 36960988 PMCID: PMC10037596 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics8020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections are the most common complication after surgery in older adults, resulting in poor operative outcomes and reduced quality of life after discharge. However, there is limited research investigating the relationships between urinary tract infection and associated factors in frail older surgical patients, particularly in Thailand. This retrospective study included 220 frail older patients aged ≥ 60 years who had undergone major noncardiac surgery at a tertiary care hospital in Thailand from January 2015 to December 2019. The sample was recruited using the criteria indicated in the modified Frailty Index-11 and having the blood glucose level determined within 2 h before surgery. The prevalence of lower urinary tract infections was 15% post-surgery. Firth's logistic regression analysis revealed that the equation could predict the accuracy of lower urinary tract infections by 88.5%. Frailty, blood glucose levels, complication during admission, and personal factors together predicted the variability of lower urinary tract infections. Adjusting for other variables, being an older adult with severe frailty and complications during hospital admission significantly increased the risk of developing lower urinary tract infections (odds ratio = 3.46, p < 0.05; odds ratio = 9.53, p < 0.001, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Warin Thangrom
- Ramathibodi School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Inthira Roopsawang
- Ramathibodi School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Suparb Aree-Ue
- Ramathibodi School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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D'Onofrio G, Kirschner J, Prather H, Goldman D, Rozanski A. Musculoskeletal exercise: Its role in promoting health and longevity. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 77:25-36. [PMID: 36841491 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Resistance training (RT) is an often ignored but essential component of physical health.. The functioning of the musculoskeletal system declines with age, resulting in sarcopenia, loss of muscle strength and power, decrease in muscle flexibility and balance. Other pertinent age-related changes include decline in basal metabolic rate, increase in fat mass, and decrease in bone mineral density. Such primary aging can be accentuated by the concomitant presence of comorbid conditions, such as insulin resistance and diabetes, obesity, inflammatory conditions, and physical inactivity (PI). The latter is often promoted by the presence of musculoskeletal conditions, such as osteoarthritis, back pain, and osteoporosis, which are quite common in society. RT can diminish long-term joint stress, "resist" age-related physiological deterioration and improve health outcomes through its ability to increase muscle strength and mass, balance the distribution of forces within a joint, increase basal metabolic rate and bone density, reduce body fat and cardiac risk factors, enhance endothelial function, and promote cognitive function and psychological well-being. Accordingly, health providers should screen for PI, lack of RT, and mobility risks using short screening questions, and employ simple functional tests, when indicated, to evaluate patients for impairment in gait, muscle strength, flexibility, and balance. This review also provides general principles for initiating and conducting RT and provides general and specific examples of resistance training programs, which should be individualized for patients through the evaluation and guidance by appropriate health providers, physical therapists, and certified trainers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard D'Onofrio
- Physiatry Department, Hospital for Special Surgery, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, New York, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Kirschner
- Physiatry Department, Hospital for Special Surgery, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, New York, United States of America
| | - Heidi Prather
- Physiatry Department, Hospital for Special Surgery, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Alan Rozanski
- Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Morningside Hospital, Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, New York, United States of America.
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Rajabian N, Ikhapoh I, Shahini S, Choudhury D, Thiyagarajan R, Shahini A, Kulczyk J, Breed K, Saha S, Mohamed MA, Udin SB, Stablewski A, Seldeen K, Troen BR, Personius K, Andreadis ST. Methionine adenosyltransferase2A inhibition restores metabolism to improve regenerative capacity and strength of aged skeletal muscle. Nat Commun 2023; 14:886. [PMID: 36797255 PMCID: PMC9935517 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36483-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigate the age-related metabolic changes that occur in aged and rejuvenated myoblasts using in vitro and in vivo models of aging. Metabolic and signaling experiments reveal that human senescent myoblasts and myoblasts from a mouse model of premature aging suffer from impaired glycolysis, insulin resistance, and generate Adenosine triphosphate by catabolizing methionine via a methionine adenosyl-transferase 2A-dependant mechanism, producing significant levels of ammonium that may further contribute to cellular senescence. Expression of the pluripotency factor NANOG downregulates methionine adenosyltransferase 2 A, decreases ammonium, restores insulin sensitivity, increases glucose uptake, and enhances muscle regeneration post-injury. Similarly, selective inhibition of methionine adenosyltransferase 2 A activates Akt2 signaling, repairs pyruvate kinase, restores glycolysis, and enhances regeneration, which leads to significant enhancement of muscle strength in a mouse model of premature aging. Collectively, our investigation indicates that inhibiting methionine metabolism may restore age-associated impairments with significant gain in muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nika Rajabian
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY, USA
| | - Izuagie Ikhapoh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY, USA
| | - Shahryar Shahini
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY, USA
| | - Debanik Choudhury
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY, USA
| | - Ramkumar Thiyagarajan
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo and Research Service, Veterans Affairs Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Aref Shahini
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY, USA
| | - Joseph Kulczyk
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY, USA
| | - Kendall Breed
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY, USA
| | - Shilpashree Saha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Amherst, NY, USA
| | - Mohamed Alaa Mohamed
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY, USA
| | - Susan B Udin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Aimee Stablewski
- Gene Targeting and Transgenic Shared Resource, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth Seldeen
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo and Research Service, Veterans Affairs Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Bruce R Troen
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo and Research Service, Veterans Affairs Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kirkwood Personius
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Stelios T Andreadis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Amherst, NY, USA.
- Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA.
- Cell, Gene and Tissue Engineering (CGTE) Center, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University at Buffalo, Amherst, NY, USA.
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Nugroho FA, Kusumastuty I, Cempaka AR, Latif ANH, Handayani D. The three month's dietary brown rice intervention has not significantly decreased levels of CRP, TNF- α, and IL6 of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. HEALTHCARE IN LOW-RESOURCE SETTINGS 2023. [DOI: 10.4081/hls.2023.11172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The increased quantities of inflammatory biomarkers such as C-Reactive Proteins (CRP), Tumour Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been reported to be associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, brown rice is an alternative dietary food source that is known to have many health benefits including high fibre content. In addition to fibre, brown rice is also reported to have moderate amounts of proteins, unsaturated lipids, several minerals, and a lot of bioactive substances that are highly beneficial to health. This study aims to prove the role of brown rice dietary intervention in the reduction of inflammatory biomarkers in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Design and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with a post-test conducted on 18 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In the intervention phase I, all type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were given brown rice diet for 3 months and followed by a phase II intervention, in which white rice diet was given to the other group of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients for 3 months. Serum was collected at the end of each intervention stage and then serum for Tumour Necrosis Factor-α, Interleukin-6 and C-Reactive Proteins were analysed by the ELISA method. Statistical analysis of the t-test was conducted in order to determine the differences between the two groups allocated in the study.
Results: At the end of the study, it was found that the levels of C-Reactive Protein, Tumour Necrosis Factor-α, and Interleukin-6 after the brown rice intervention was given to type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, it showed a decreasing trend compared to the white rice intervention although not significantly different (p = 0.6, p = 0.63, p = 0.59, respectively).
Conclusions: This study concluded that the administration of brown rice dietary intervention to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus for 3 months was able to reduce Tumour Necrosis Factor-α, C-Reactive Proteins, and Interleukin-6 however, the reduction was not significant to influence policy change.
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Chen S, Yan S, Aiheti N, Kuribanjiang K, Yao X, Wang Q, Zhou T, Yang L. A bi-directional Mendelian randomization study of sarcopenia-related traits and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1109800. [PMID: 36967750 PMCID: PMC10031051 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1109800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported an association between sarcopenia and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but causation was prone to confounding factors. A more robust research approach is urgently required to investigate the causal relationship between sarcopenia and T2DM. METHODS The bi-directional two-sample MR study was carried out in two stages: Sarcopenia-related traits were investigated as exposure while T2DM was investigated as an outcome in the first step, whereas the second step was reversed. The GWAS summary data for hand-grip strength (n = 256,523), appendicular lean mass (ALM, n = 450,243), and walking pace (n = 459,915) were obtained from the UK Biobank. T2DM data were obtained from one of the biggest case-control studies on diabetes (DIAGRAM; n = 180,834 cases and 492,191 controls), which was published in 2022. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) approach was used to obtain MR estimates, and various sensitivity analysis was also performed. RESULTS Low hand-grip strength had a potential causal relationship with an increased incidence of T2DM (OR = 1.109; 95% CI, 1.008-1.222; p = 0.0350). T2DM risk was reduced by increasing ALM and walking pace: A 1 kg/m2 increase in ALM decreased the risk of T2DM by 10.2% (OR = 0.898; 95% CI, 0.830-0.952; p < 0.001). A 1 m/s increase in walking pace decreased the risk of T2DM by 90.0% (OR = 0.100; 95% CI, 0.053-0.186; p < 0.001). The relationship was bidirectional, with T2DM as a causative factor of sarcopenia-related traits (p < 0.05) except for ALM (β = 0.018; 95% CI, -0.008 to -0.044; p = 0.168). CONCLUSIONS Hand-grip strength and T2DM had a potential bidirectional causal relationship, as did walking pace and T2DM. We suggest that sarcopenia and T2DM may mutually have a significant causal effect on each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shikang Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Nuerbiyamu Aiheti
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Kaidiriyan Kuribanjiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xuemei Yao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Causes and Prevention of High Morbidity in Central Asia jointly established by the Ministry and the Province Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Yang,
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Xiang S, Li Y, Li Y, Zhang J, Pan W, Lu Y, Liu S. Increased Dietary Niacin Intake Improves Muscle Strength, Quality, and Glucose Homeostasis in Adults over 40 Years of Age. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:709-718. [PMID: 37754210 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-1967-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength begins at 40 years of age, and limited evidence suggests that niacin supplementation increases levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in mouse muscle tissue. In addition, skeletal muscle has a key role in the body's processing of glucose. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary niacin and skeletal muscle mass, strength, and glucose homeostasis in people aged 40 years and older. METHODS This study was an American population-based cross-sectional analysis using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Considering that some outcomes are only measured in specific survey cycles and subsamples, we established three data sets: a grip strength dataset (2011-2014, n=3772), a body mass components dataset (2011-2018, n=3279), and a glucose homeostasis dataset (1999-2018, n=9189). Dietary niacin and covariates were measured in all survey cycles. Linear regression or logistic regression models that adjusted for several main covariates, such as physical activity and diet, was used to evaluate the relationship between dietary niacin and grip strength, total lean mass, appendicular lean mass, total fat, trunk fat, total bone mineral content, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), fasting blood glycose, fasting insulin and sarcopenia risk. Subgroup analyses, a trend test, an interaction test, and a restricted cubic spline were used for further exploration. RESULTS Higher dietary niacin intake was significantly correlated with higher grip strength (β 0.275, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.192-0.357), higher total lean mass (β 0.060, 95% CI 0.045-0.074), higher appendicular lean mass (β 0.025, 95% CI 0.018-0.033), and higher total bone mineral content (β 0.005, 95% CI 0.004-0.007). By contrast, higher dietary niacin intake was significantly associated with lower total fat (β -0.061, 95% CI -0.076 to -0.046), lower trunk fat (β -0.041, 95% CI -0.050 to -0.032) and lower sarcopenia risk (OR 0.460, 95% CI 0.233 to 0.907). In addition, dietary niacin significantly reduced HOMA-IR, fasting blood glucose (in participants without diabetes), and fasting insulin (p <0.05). CONCLUSION Niacin is associated with improved body composition (characterized by increased muscle mass and decreased fat content) and improved glucose homeostasis in dietary doses. Dietary niacin supplementation is a feasible way to alleviate age-related muscular loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Xiang
- Yun Lu, MD, PhD, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China, , 0000-0003-2253-2983; Shang-Long Liu, MD, PhD, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China, , 0000-0002-5828-4718
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