1
|
Holt RIG, Cockram CS, Ma RCW, Luk AOY. Diabetes and infection: review of the epidemiology, mechanisms and principles of treatment. Diabetologia 2024; 67:1168-1180. [PMID: 38374451 PMCID: PMC11153295 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06102-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
An association between diabetes and infection has been recognised for many years, with infection being an important cause of death and morbidity in people with diabetes. The COVID-19 pandemic has re-kindled an interest in the complex relationship between diabetes and infection. Some infections occur almost exclusively in people with diabetes, often with high mortality rates without early diagnosis and treatment. However, more commonly, diabetes is a complicating factor in many infections. A reciprocal relationship occurs whereby certain infections and their treatments may also increase the risk of diabetes. People with diabetes have a 1.5- to 4-fold increased risk of infection. The risks are the most pronounced for kidney infection, osteomyelitis and foot infection, but are also increased for pneumonia, influenza, tuberculosis, skin infection and general sepsis. Outcomes from infection are worse in people with diabetes, with the most notable example being a twofold higher rate of death from COVID-19. Hyperglycaemia has deleterious effects on the immune response. Vascular insufficiency and neuropathy, together with altered skin, mucosal and gut microbial colonisation, contribute to the increased risk of infection. Vaccination is important in people with diabetes although the efficacy of certain immunisations may be compromised, particularly in the presence of hyperglycaemia. The principles of treatment largely follow those of the general population with certain notable exceptions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard I G Holt
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
- Southampton National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
| | - Clive S Cockram
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Ronald C W Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Molecular Epidemiology in Diabetes, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Andrea O Y Luk
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kinyenje E, Hokororo J, Ngowi R, Kiremeji M, Mnunga E, Samwel A, Sylvanus E, Mnken E, Yango M, Mtalika M, Mmbaga V, Saitoti N, Malecha A, Kundy F, Rwabilimbo M, Kaniki I, Mwisomba G, Charles E, Mughanga P, Kitambi M, Paul R, Richard E, Musyani A, Rabiel I, Haule G, Marandu L, Mwakapasa E, Manasseh G, Sindato C, Beyanga M, Kapyolo E, Jacob F, Mcharo J, Mayige M, Msemwa F, Saguti G, Kauki G, Masuma J, Mrema G, Kohi M, Yoti Z, Habtu M, Mwengee W, Mukurasi K, Gatei W, Ruggajo P, Kwesi E, Eliakimu E, Horumpende P, Magembe G, Nagu T. Infection prevention and control of highly infectious pathogens in resource-limited countries: an experience from Marburg viral disease outbreak in Kagera Region - Tanzania. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:628. [PMID: 38914946 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09508-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Marburg viral disease (MVD) is a highly infectious disease with a case fatality rate of up to 90%, particularly impacting resource-limited countries where implementing Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) measures is challenging. This paper shares the experience of how Tanzania has improved its capacity to prevent and control highly infectious diseases, and how this capacity was utilized during the outbreak of the MVD disease that occurred for the first time in the country in 2023.In 2016 and the subsequent years, Tanzania conducted self and external assessments that revealed limited IPC capacity in responding to highly infectious diseases. To address these gaps, initiatives were undertaken, including the enhancement of IPC readiness through the development and dissemination of guidelines, assessments of healthcare facilities, supportive supervision and mentorship, procurement of supplies, and the renovation or construction of environments to bolster IPC implementation.The official confirmation and declaration of MVD on March 21, 2023, came after five patients had already died of the disease. MVD primarily spreads through contact and presents with severe symptoms, which make patient care and prevention challenging, especially in resource-limited settings. However, with the use of a trained workforce; IPC rapid needs assessment was conducted, identifying specific gaps. Based on the results; mentorship programs were carried out, specific policies and guidelines were developed, security measures were enhanced, all burial activities in the area were supervised, and both patients and staff were monitored across all facilities. By the end of the outbreak response on June 1, 2023, a total of 212 contacts had been identified, with the addition of only three deaths. Invasive procedures like dialysis and Manual Vacuum Aspiration prevented some deaths in infected patients, procedures previously discouraged.In summary, this experience underscores the critical importance of strict adherence to IPC practices in controlling highly infectious diseases. Recommendations for low-income countries include motivating healthcare providers and improving working conditions to enhance commitment in challenging environments. This report offers valuable insights and practical interventions for preparing for and addressing highly infectious disease outbreaks through implementation of IPC measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erick Kinyenje
- Health Quality Assurance Unit, Ministry of Health, P. O. Box 743, Dodoma, Tanzania.
| | - Joseph Hokororo
- Health Quality Assurance Unit, Ministry of Health, P. O. Box 743, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Ruth Ngowi
- Health Quality Assurance Unit, Ministry of Health, P. O. Box 743, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Michael Kiremeji
- Emergency Preparedness and Response Unit, Ministry of Health, P. O. Box 743, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Elice Mnunga
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Bugando Medical Center, P. O. Box 1370, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Angela Samwel
- Emergency Preparedness and Response Unit, Ministry of Health, P. O. Box 743, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Erasto Sylvanus
- Emergency Preparedness and Response Unit, Ministry of Health, P. O. Box 743, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Emmanuel Mnken
- Health Promotion Section, Department of Preventive Services, Ministry of Health, P. O. Box 743, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Missana Yango
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dodoma Regional Referral Hospital, P. O. Box 904, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Mikidadi Mtalika
- Wildlife Research Institute, Kingupira Wildlife Research Centre, P. O. Box 16, Utete- Rufiji, Tanzania
| | - Vida Mmbaga
- Epidemiology Section, Department of Preventive Services, Ministry of Health, P. O. Box 743, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Noel Saitoti
- Bukoba District Council Hospital, Kagera Region, P. O. Box 491, Bukoba, Tanzania
| | - Alex Malecha
- Chato Zonal Hospital, P. O. Box 43, Chato- Geita, Tanzania
| | - Faith Kundy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Iringa Region Referral Hospital, P. O. Box 1260, Iringa, Tanzania
| | - Martin Rwabilimbo
- Bukoba Regional Referral Hospital, P. O. Box 299, Bukoba, Kagera, Tanzania
| | | | - Godwin Mwisomba
- Mirembe National Mental Health Hospital, P. O. Box 910, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Erica Charles
- Singida Regional Referral Hospital, P. O. Box 104, Singida, Tanzania
| | - Patrick Mughanga
- Department Emergency Medicine, Bugando Medical Center, P. O. Box 1370, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Mary Kitambi
- Emergency Preparedness and Response Unit, Ministry of Health, P. O. Box 743, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Radenta Paul
- Health Quality Assurance Unit, Ministry of Health, P. O. Box 743, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Erick Richard
- Emergency Preparedness and Response Unit, Ministry of Health, P. O. Box 743, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Atuganile Musyani
- Amref Health Africa in Tanzania, P. O. Box 2773, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Irene Rabiel
- Amref Health Africa in Tanzania, P. O. Box 2773, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Gift Haule
- Quality Assurance Department, Bugando Medical Center, P. O. Box 1370, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Laura Marandu
- Health Quality Assurance Unit, Ministry of Health, P. O. Box 743, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Emmanuel Mwakapasa
- Epidemiology Section, Department of Preventive Services, Ministry of Health, P. O. Box 743, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Gerald Manasseh
- President's Office - Regional Administration and Local Government, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Calvin Sindato
- Department of Clinical Research, National Institute for Medical Research, Tabora Medical Research Centre, P. O. Box 482, Tabora, Tanzania
| | - Medard Beyanga
- National Public Health Laboratory, P. O. Box 60000, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Eliakimu Kapyolo
- Department of Clinical Research, Dodoma Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, P. O. Box 805, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Frank Jacob
- Epidemiology Section, Department of Preventive Services, Ministry of Health, P. O. Box 743, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Jonathan Mcharo
- National Institute of Medical Research, Head Quarters, P. O. Box 2769, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Mary Mayige
- National Institute of Medical Research, Head Quarters, P. O. Box 2769, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Grace Saguti
- World Health Organization, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - George Kauki
- World Health Organization, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - George Mrema
- Epidemiology Section, Department of Preventive Services, Ministry of Health, P. O. Box 743, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Mugendi Kohi
- University of Iringa, P. O. Box 200, Iringa, Tanzania
| | - Zabulon Yoti
- World Health Organization, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Michael Habtu
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
| | | | | | - Wangeci Gatei
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Paschal Ruggajo
- Directorate of Curative Services, Ministry of Health, P. O. Box 743, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Elias Kwesi
- Emergency Preparedness and Response Unit, Ministry of Health, P. O. Box 743, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Eliudi Eliakimu
- Health Quality Assurance Unit, Ministry of Health, P. O. Box 743, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Pius Horumpende
- Unit of Research Coordination, Directorate of Curative Services, Ministry of Health, P. O Box 743, Dodoma, Tanzania
- Department of Research and Innovation, Peoples' Defence Forces (TPDF) es Salaam, Lugalo Military College of Medical Sciences (MCMS) and General Military Hospital (GMH), P. O. Box Dar, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Grace Magembe
- Office of Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Health, P. O. Box 743, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Tumaini Nagu
- Office of Chief Medical Officer, Ministry of Health, P. O. Box 743, Dodoma, Tanzania
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Santos-Costa P, Paiva-Santos F, Graveto J, PrevInf Group. Nursing Students' Perceptions of a Novel Education Approach to Prevention and Control of Healthcare-Associated Infections: Insights from PrevInf Pilot Study. NURSING REPORTS 2024; 14:1494-1503. [PMID: 38921722 DOI: 10.3390/nursrep14020112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) pose a significant global threat, particularly in developing regions such as Southeast Asia. International bodies emphasize the role of formal undergraduate training in the prevention and control of HAIs. To address this, we aimed to explore the perceptions of Southeast Asian nursing students regarding a novel educational approach developed by a European-Southeast Asian project consortium. METHODS A pilot study was conducted in four nursing higher education institutions from Cambodia and Vietnam. First, local nursing educators conducted a 2 h classroom-based training session. Then, students were invited to participate for the first time in one of twelve evidence-based simulation scenarios developed by the research team, covering a range of nursing care situations related to the prevention and control of HAIs. After attending both components, students were asked to complete a paper-based questionnaire and rate their agreement with a set of statements on the appropriateness and meaningfulness of both components. RESULTS A total of 430 nursing students enrolled in the pilot study; 77.4% were female, with an average age of 19.8 years. The PrevInf educational intervention received positive feedback from participating students across settings, with strong agreement on the importance of proactiveness in competency development (M = 5.9, SD = 1.4). Notable differences between Cambodian and Vietnamese students were observed in terms of their receptiveness to the pre-selected teaching materials (p = 0.001) and strategies (p = 0.01) used by the nursing educators during their experience with the simulation scenarios. CONCLUSIONS The PrevInf educational intervention shows promise in engaging Southeast Asian nursing students and fostering a deeper understanding of the prevention and control of HAIs. Further studies are warranted to refine the learning content and standardize the pedagogical strategies used by nursing educators across settings. This study was not registered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Santos-Costa
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), 3000-232 Coimbra, Portugal
- Nursing Research, Innovation and Development Centre of Lisbon (CIDNUR), Nursing School of Lisbon, 1600-096 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipe Paiva-Santos
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), 3000-232 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Graveto
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), 3000-232 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee HR, Kim SR, Cho MH, Kim DE, Jang SY, Lee JE, Jeong HR, Kang HJ, Song JY, Chun BC. Incidence and risk factors of COVID-19 in a tertiary hospital and the effectiveness of booster vaccination among health care workers: A retrospective cohort study, January 2020 to June 2022. Am J Infect Control 2024; 52:688-695. [PMID: 38246494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health care workers (HCWs) face a higher risk of infection and may transmit pathogens to patients during a pandemic. This study aims to evaluate infection-control measures by analyzing the incidence and risk factors of COVID-19 and estimating vaccine effectiveness (VE) at a tertiary hospital in Seoul, Republic of Korea. METHODS This study included 2,516 HCWs from January 1, 2020, to June 30, 2022. Data were analyzed to determine the incidence density and cumulative incidence; the results were compared by the age- and gender-specific standardized incidence ratios (SIR). VE was estimated with multivariate Cox proportional-hazard models as 1-adjusted hazard ratio × 100%. RESULTS SIR indicated a lower COVID-19 risk in the hospital population than in the general Korean population (SIR, 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.76-0.87). Multivariate Cox analysis indicated that, compared to doctors, nonmedical service supporters and other HCWs (excluding doctors and nurses) were high-risk groups (adjusted hazard ratio [95% CI], 1.72 [1.04-2.83] and 1.76 [1.20-2.58], respectively). Compared to the outpatient unit, the emergency department was a high-risk department (1.70 [1.16-2.50]). The VE of the booster dose was 55.47%, compared to no or incomplete vaccination (95% CI: 22.63-74.37). CONCLUSIONS Besides encouraging HCWs vaccination, effective infection-control measures should target high-risk groups and departments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hae Ry Lee
- Infection Control Team, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Epidemiology and Health Informatics, Graduate School of Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Ran Kim
- Infection Control Team, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Hee Cho
- Infection Control Team, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Da Eun Kim
- Infection Control Team, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su Yeon Jang
- Infection Control Team, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Eun Lee
- Infection Control Team, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Rin Jeong
- Infection Control Team, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Jeong Kang
- Infection Control Team, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joon Young Song
- Infection Control Team, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung Chul Chun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Informatics, Graduate School of Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abu-Alhaija DM, Gillespie GL. Healthcare Workers' Adherence and Attitudes Toward the Adherence to COVID-19 Precautionary Guidelines Post-Vaccination: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study. Workplace Health Saf 2024; 72:170-177. [PMID: 38158824 PMCID: PMC11088981 DOI: 10.1177/21650799231212898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare workers (HCWs) have shown increased adherence to infection control practices during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is a need to assess their adherence to and attitude toward COVID-19 guidelines after being vaccinated. The purpose of this pilot study is to assess the adherence to and attitudes toward the adherence to COVID-19 guidelines among HCWs who have been vaccinated. METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional design was employed. One hundred and eight participants were recruited via email from a medical center in the Midwest United States. The participants completed online surveys measuring the level of adherence to and attitudes toward the adherence to COVID-19 guidelines. The response rate was 5.4%. FINDINGS Most participants were female (73.1%) and white (82.4%). The participants adhered to COVID-19 guidelines 79.7% of the time. The most frequently followed guidelines were performing hand hygiene, wearing a respirator or well-fitting mask in areas where patients may be present, and wearing eye protection when entering the room for a patient with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection. The least performed precautions were performing COVID-19 testing after exposure to a suspected or confirmed COVID-19 case and maintaining social distancing. There was a significant decrease in the perceived importance of adherence to COVID-19 precautions post-vaccination (p <.001, 95% CI [-0.78, -0.35]). CONCLUSIONS The increased perception of safety after receiving COVID-19 vaccination may negatively influence HCWs' adherence to COVID-19 precautionary guidelines. Continuous education and monitoring of HCWs' safety practices are important to influence HCWs' attitudes to adhere to COVID-19 precautions, particularly after vaccination.
Collapse
|
6
|
Shim W, Kim KY. Effects of individual and environmental factors on COVID-19 infection control practices in small to medium-sized hospitals. Am J Infect Control 2024:S0196-6553(24)00471-1. [PMID: 38677658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2024.04.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study analyzed the influence of individual and environmental factors on infection control practices among nurses in small to medium-sized hospitals of South Korea during the pandemic. METHODS We enrolled 171 nurses from 5 infectious disease-specialized hospitals with 200 to 299 beds located in metropolitan areas of South Korea. Individual factors, including general characteristics, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) knowledge, attitude, and risk perception, and environmental factors including COVID-19 safety climate, were collected using self-report questionnaires. Individual and environmental factors were analyzed using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS COVID-19-related safety climate (β = 0.423) had the greatest association with infection control practices, followed by COVID-19-related attitude (β = 0.174). Higher safety climate and attitude scores were associated with higher scores in infection control practices. The explanatory power of these variables was 30.6%. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that safety climate and COVID-19-related attitudes significantly influence infection control practices in small to medium-sized hospitals. This provides a basis to establish policies for responses to emerging infectious diseases in small to medium-sized hospitals and contributes to consistent guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woori Shim
- Infection Prevention and Control Team, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; General graduate school, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ka Young Kim
- College of Nursing, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Danielsen AS, Nygaard NJ, Børseth AW, Nilsen JV, Øvreness H, Raastad R, Borg MA, Kacelnik O, Bjørnholt JV. Patient perspectives on infection prevention and control in cancer care: a survey of knowledge and attitudes among persons with cancer and their next of kin. J Hosp Infect 2024; 146:21-30. [PMID: 38311296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2024.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the growing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, there may be a need to strengthen infection prevention and control (IPC) measures in cancer care. When developing clinical guidelines, it is important to incorporate patient perspectives. AIM To determine the knowledge of, and attitudes towards, IPC among persons with cancer and their next of kin in Norway. METHODS Through discussions in expert panels and a pilot study, a survey was developed consisting of 13 knowledge statements to be judged true/false and 40 attitude items to be judged using a Likert scale and was sent to a panel of people with cancer experience on August 22nd, 2023. The mean correct responses and attitude scores were reported. FINDINGS Of 551 respondents, the mean correct response to IPC-related knowledge questions was 79% (95% confidence interval: 78-80). Respondents were most knowledgeable about hand hygiene (99%, 546/551), but least knowledgeable about its role in preventing antibiotic resistance (41%, 225/551). Strong support was noted for IPC, especially within the patient responsibilities theme, with a mean score of 4.83. However, there was a notable reluctance towards some selected intrusive IPC measures, such as reducing contact with close relations. CONCLUSION This survey revealed a high level of knowledge and attitudes that support the importance of IPC among persons with cancer in Norway and their next of kin. We recommend including patient perspectives in future development of IPC guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A S Danielsen
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - N J Nygaard
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - A W Børseth
- Department of Infection Control and Preparedness, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; Regional Centre for Competence in Infection Control and Prevention, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - J V Nilsen
- The Norwegian Cancer Society, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - R Raastad
- Department of Infection Control and Preparedness, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; Department of Infection Control, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - M A Borg
- Department of Infection Control & Sterile Services, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
| | - O Kacelnik
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - J V Bjørnholt
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ungar R, Gur-Arie R, Heriot GS, Jamrozik E. Burdens of infection control on healthcare workers: a scoping review. J Hosp Infect 2024; 146:76-81. [PMID: 38141665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) pose a significant risk to patients, and are a major focus of infection prevention and control policies (IPC). One under-recognized reason for the generally poor compliance with IPC is that it is burdensome for healthcare workers (HCWs). AIM To identify the burdens of IPC for HCWs. METHODS PubMed and CINAHL were searched for studies published in English since 2000 regarding compliance with IPC and the burdens associated with compliance. After screening 1018 initial results, 25 articles were included in the final review. RESULTS Evidence was found for burdens including dermatological complications, headaches, sensory symptoms and time pressure. Tools designed to measure compliance with IPC have limitations, and rarely assess the burdens of compliance. A strong safety culture predicted positive compliance, while knowledge of the underlying rationale for IPC had a non-linear relationship with compliance. CONCLUSION Future research should clarify IPC-related burdens and how these may be minimized to achieve better compliance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Ungar
- Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - R Gur-Arie
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - G S Heriot
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - E Jamrozik
- Ethox Centre and Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Monash Bioethics Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dhahi TS, Dafhalla AKY, Saad SA, Zayan DMI, Ahmed AET, Elobaid ME, Adam T, Gopinath SCB. The importance, benefits, and future of nanobiosensors for infectious diseases. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024; 71:429-445. [PMID: 38238920 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Infectious diseases, caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi, are crucial for efficient disease management, reducing morbidity and mortality rates and controlling disease spread. Traditional laboratory-based diagnostic methods face challenges such as high costs, time consumption, and a lack of trained personnel in resource-poor settings. Diagnostic biosensors have gained momentum as a potential solution, offering advantages such as low cost, high sensitivity, ease of use, and portability. Nanobiosensors are a promising tool for detecting and diagnosing infectious diseases such as coronavirus disease, human immunodeficiency virus, and hepatitis. These sensors use nanostructured carbon nanotubes, graphene, and nanoparticles to detect specific biomarkers or pathogens. They operate through mechanisms like the lateral flow test platform, where a sample containing the biomarker or pathogen is applied to a test strip. If present, the sample binds to specific recognition probes on the strip, indicating a positive result. This binding event is visualized through a colored line. This review discusses the importance, benefits, and potential of nanobiosensors in detecting infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Th S Dhahi
- Electronics Technical Department, Southern Technical University, Basra, Iraq
| | - Alaa Kamal Yousif Dafhalla
- Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer Science and engineering, University of Hail, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sawsan Ali Saad
- Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer Science and engineering, University of Hail, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Mohamed Elshaikh Elobaid
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Tijjani Adam
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
- Micro System Technology, Centre of Excellence (CoE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Advanced Communication Engineering, Centre of Excellence (ACE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Subash C B Gopinath
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
- Micro System Technology, Centre of Excellence (CoE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shihora J, Damor NC, Parmar A, Pankaj N, Murugan Y. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Preventive Practices Regarding Tuberculosis Among Healthcare Workers and Patients in India: A Mixed-Method Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e56368. [PMID: 38633958 PMCID: PMC11022008 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health challenge in India. Healthcare workers (HCWs) and TB patients are critical to disease transmission and prevention. This study evaluated and compared knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to TB infection control. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a mixed-method study that included a cross-sectional survey conducted among 167 HCWs and 346 patients with TB at tertiary hospitals in western Gujarat using a validated questionnaire. Additionally, 20 HCWs and 20 patients were interviewed to gain qualitative insights. Between-group analyses were performed, and multivariate regressions identified predictors of knowledge and compliance, while thematic analysis explored qualitative insights. RESULTS A total of 142/167 (85.0%) HCWs had good knowledge, whereas 208/346 (60.1%) patients had good knowledge. A total of 151/167 (90.4%) HCWs had positive attitudes, whereas 242/346 (69.9%) patients had positive attitudes. A total of 159/167 (95.2%) HCWs practiced good preventive behaviors, whereas 225/346 (65.0%) patients did. HCWs demonstrated significantly higher mean knowledge scores (9.2 vs. 7.1, p<0.001) and higher median attitude scores (ranging from 5 with IQR 4-5 to 5 with IQR 5-5) compared to patients (ranging from 4 with IQR 3-5 to 5 with IQR 4-5) across all attitude statements assessed using the Likert scale (p<0.001). Being an HCW was associated with good knowledge (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.5, 95% CI 1.5-4.1), positive attitudes (AOR 2.2, 95% CI 1.4-3.6), and good practices (AOR 3.1, 95% CI 1.8-5.2). The qualitative themes highlighted the need for accessible education, clear communication, adequate resourcing, and personal responsibility. CONCLUSION This study identified gaps in TB prevention knowledge and practices among patients compared to those among HCWs in India. Tailored educational initiatives, optimized health communication, improved infrastructure, and accessible messaging can help individuals assimilate appropriate infection control behaviors among healthcare system actors and communities toward ending TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeel Shihora
- Preventive Medicine, Shri M. P. Shah Medical College, Jamnagar, IND
| | - Naresh C Damor
- Community Medicine, Shri M. P. Shah Medical College, Jamnagar, IND
| | - Alpesh Parmar
- Public Health, Shri M. P. Shah Medical College, Jamnagar, IND
| | - Nikhil Pankaj
- Pulmonary Medicine, Shri M. P. Shah Medical College, Jamnagar, IND
| | - Yogesh Murugan
- Family Medicine, Guru Gobind Singh Government Hospital, Jamnagar, IND
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lee SH, Yang IS. Enhancing competency in infection prevention and control: Identifying priorities for clinical nurse educational needs. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2024; 134:106085. [PMID: 38181491 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2023.106085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) have become a significant concern globally, posing risks to patients and imposing social and economic burdens. Competency in infection prevention and control (IPC) practices is essential for nurses to effectively reduce the risk of transmission. However, there is a lack of research on educational needs for competency in IPC practices. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess and prioritize educational needs for the development of educational content focused on the IPC practices of clinical nurses. DESIGN A descriptive cross-sectional design was utilized. SETTINGS This study was conducted at six general hospitals located in five urban regions in South Korea, each with 100 to 300 beds. PARTICIPANTS A total of 226 nurses were recruited as participants for this study. METHODS Data were collected from June to July 2021. A total of 226 nurses participated in this study. After examining the perceived importance and current performance of attributes related to IPC, educational needs were identified by paired-sample t-test, importance-performance analysis, Borich's needs analysis, and the Locus for Focus model. RESULTS Items related to IPC were found to have lower performance than importance, highlighting the need for education. Educational needs were the highest for items in the "IPC practices according to microorganisms" category, such as MRSA, VRE, antimicrobial-resistant organisms, Clostridium difficile, scabies, and AIDS. Items in the "isolation precautions" category, including standard precautions, transmission-based precautions, management of isolation rooms, and wearing PPE, also demonstrated high priority in terms of educational needs. The findings suggest the need for training programs for clinical nurses with a focus on specific areas for improving IPC competency. CONCLUSIONS The development and implementation of training modules tailored to the educational needs of clinical nurses may enhance their skills, knowledge, and attitudes, ultimately resulting in improved performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Hee Lee
- Department of Nursing, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Suk Yang
- Department of Nursing, Kyungil University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lee SH, Yang IS. Empowering hospital-associated infection prevention and control: A quasi-experimental study on the effect of scenario-based simulation training. Nurse Educ Pract 2024; 76:103936. [PMID: 38503111 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2024.103936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate the effect of scenario-based simulation training on infection control, specifically in terms of knowledge, self-efficacy and adherence to standard precautions. BACKGROUND Hospital-associated infections can pose a threat to patient safety and are a critical public health issue that requires attention. DESIGN This quasi-experimental study employed a pre-test/post-test design using a nonequivalent control group. METHODS Infection control nurses were randomly assigned to two groups using lottery methods. The experimental group received scenario-based simulation training, whereas both the experimental and control groups received conventional education. Data were collected from 27 August to 1 December 1 2022. The chi-square test and t-test were used for data analysis. RESULTS The mean scores for knowledge of infection prevention and control (t = 3.679, p < 0.001) and self-efficacy (t = 2.444, p = 0.018) were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. Furthermore, the mean score for adherence to standard precautions was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (t = 2.030, p = 0.048). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that scenario-based simulation training for infection control might be effective in improving knowledge, self-efficacy and adherence to standard precautions. Scenario-based simulation training for infection control may be an effective educational intervention to enhance knowledge, self-efficacy and adherence to standard precautions, thus empowering nurses in infection prevention and control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Hee Lee
- Department of Nursing, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong 27909, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Suk Yang
- Department of Nursing, Kyungil University, Gyeongsan 38428, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ataya J, Ismail A, Soqia J, Kousa A, Shahoud Z, Alhalabi R, Zaitouna M. Addressing knowledge gaps in allergies among Syrian hospital patients: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2938. [PMID: 38316903 PMCID: PMC10844623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53471-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Allergies have a significant impact on health and quality of life worldwide, yet there is limited research on the awareness and knowledge of allergies. This study aimed to explore the level of awareness and knowledge of allergies among visitors in Syrian hospitals. A cross-sectional study was conducted between May and September 2022, and a standardized international questionnaire was administered to 504 visitors in three hospitals in Syria. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) version 23. The final sample comprised 504 questionnaires with 61.7% of participants achieving an average score. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in knowledge of allergy scores between the group with only elementary education (M = 3.76, SD = 1.67, p = 0.011), the group with no education (M = 3.65, SD = 1.65, p = 0.006), and the group with a university education (M = 4.44, SD = 1.25). Notably, no significant differences were found between the other educational groups. A one-way ANOVA was employed to assess the effect of place of living on knowledge of allergy, but no significant differences were observed between the groups (p = 0.462). Lastly, a significant negative correlation was detected between participant age and knowledge of allergy scores (r(502) = - 0.102, p = 0.022). Allergies represent a substantial global health concern that demands attention from healthcare providers, policymakers, and the public. This study emphasizes the importance of investing in health education and awareness campaigns to enhance knowledge and comprehension of allergies, particularly individuals with lower levels of education levels. By equipping individuals with the requisite information to effectively manage their allergies, their overall health and wellbeing can be improved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Ataya
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.
| | | | - Jameel Soqia
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Alyamama Kousa
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Zein Shahoud
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Rawan Alhalabi
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Mazen Zaitouna
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
- UMR1195, University Paris Sud, INSERM, University Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
- Service of Urology, Grand hospital of Est Francilian, Meaux, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hanafiah A, Sukri A, Yusoff H, Chan CS, Hazrin-Chong NH, Salleh SA, Neoh HM. Insights into the Microbiome and Antibiotic Resistance Genes from Hospital Environmental Surfaces: A Prime Source of Antimicrobial Resistance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:127. [PMID: 38391513 PMCID: PMC10885873 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13020127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Hospital environmental surfaces are potential reservoirs for transmitting hospital-associated pathogens. This study aimed to profile microbiomes and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from hospital environmental surfaces using 16S rRNA amplicon and metagenomic sequencing at a tertiary teaching hospital in Malaysia. Samples were collected from patient sinks and healthcare staff counters at surgery and orthopaedic wards. The samples' DNA were subjected to 16S rRNA amplicon and shotgun sequencing to identify bacterial taxonomic profiles, antibiotic resistance genes, and virulence factor pathways. The bacterial richness was more diverse in the samples collected from patient sinks than those collected from staff counters. Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia dominated at the phylum level, while Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, and Acinetobacter dominated at the genus level. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus were prevalent on sinks while Bacillus cereus dominated the counter samples. The highest counts of ARGs to beta-lactam were detected, followed by ARGs against fosfomycin and cephalosporin. We report the detection of mcr-10.1 that confers resistance to colistin at a hospital setting in Malaysia. The virulence gene pathways that aid in antibiotic resistance gene transfer between bacteria were identified. Environmental surfaces serve as potential reservoirs for nosocomial infections and require mitigation strategies to control the spread of antibiotic resistance bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfizah Hanafiah
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Asif Sukri
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Hamidah Yusoff
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | | | - Nur Hazlin Hazrin-Chong
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Sharifah Azura Salleh
- Infection Control Unit, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Hui-Min Neoh
- UKM Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Song MS, Jeong SY, Park S. Infection Control Experiences and Educational Needs of Geriatric Care Workers in Long-Term Care Facilities: A Pilot Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:301. [PMID: 38338186 PMCID: PMC10855566 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12030301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the post-COVID-19 condition, infection control education is important for geriatric care workers who care for the elderly and are vulnerable to emerging infectious diseases. This study was conducted to enhance the insight into the experiences of geriatric care workers in managing novel infectious diseases (COVID-19) and to identify the newly required educational requirements necessary to effectively implement infectious disease control. METHODS This is a qualitative and pilot study using focus group interviews. Data from 10 participants were collected using a focus group interview. The data were analyzed using Qualitative content analysis. RESULTS The findings showed that geriatric healthcare workers experienced difficulties following infection control protocols and emotional distress related to visitor restrictions and had an increased workload. The participants requested further education regarding general knowledge of infectious diseases to decrease their fears of infection and reported that visual and practical teaching methods were preferable. CONCLUSIONS Further attention is needed regarding the education of infection control to strengthen infection prevention in long-term care facilities vulnerable to the spread of emerging infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Sun Song
- College of Nursing, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seogu, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea; (M.S.S.); (S.Y.J.)
| | - Sun Young Jeong
- College of Nursing, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seogu, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea; (M.S.S.); (S.Y.J.)
| | - Soohyun Park
- Department of Nursing, Eulji University, Seongnam, 553 Sanseong-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13135, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Althiyabi FS, Khuded FM, Alzaidi FM, Alswat ASG, Alotaibi FSB, Alotaibi WSB, Alotaibi KIA, Alshehri FAH, Almutairi AMA, Alnathli JAA. Assessment of nursing knowledge and practice toward prevention of acquired infections in the emergency department of King Faisal Medical Complex in Taif. SAGE Open Med 2024; 12:20503121231222341. [PMID: 38268946 PMCID: PMC10807387 DOI: 10.1177/20503121231222341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hospital-acquired infections constitute a significant source of morbidity and mortality for both patients and healthcare professionals. Nursing professionals constitute an integral component of any quality-related program in a hospital, given their oversight and provision of nearly all healthcare services. Nurses' knowledge and attitudes play a significant role in healthcare delivery. Within Saudi Arabia, the prevalence of hospital-acquired infections in hospital settings has prompted a growing emphasis on evaluating nursing knowledge and adherence to practice standards aimed at hospital-acquired infection prevention. Methods This single-center cross-sectional study was conducted at the emergency department of King Faisal Medical Complex, Taif, between October and December 2022, involving 168 nurses. The study utilized a pre-validated structured online questionnaire comprising three sections: demographics, knowledge assessment, and practice evaluation. Knowledge and practice levels were categorized as good, moderate, and poor using quartiles. Results The study encompassed 168 nurses employed in the emergency department of the hospital, revealing their proficiency in standard practices for preventing hospital-acquired infections. Notably, 63.8% of participants demonstrated a commendable "Good" level of knowledge, while 10.6% exhibited a "Moderate" level and 25.5% manifested a "Poor" level in terms of knowledge. Similarly, concerning practice levels, 56.4% showcased a commendable "Good" practice level, 22.3% maintained a "Moderate" practice level, and 21.3% presented a "Poor" practice level. Chi-square analysis unveiled a significant association between age and knowledge levels (p = 0.000). In addition, age (p = 0.000) and years of clinical experience (p = 0.000) were significantly linked to nurses' practice levels The nurses aged 40-50 years (82%) and those with 10-15 years of clinical experience (83.3%) showed good levels of knowledge and practice, respectively. Overall, most of the nurses demonstrated effective knowledge and compliance with infection prevention practices. Conclusion Sociodemographic factors such as age and clinical experience exert a notable impact on nurses' knowledge and practices regarding hospital-acquired infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Sulaiman Althiyabi
- Head Nurse of Home Health Care, Nursing Services Department, King Faisal Medical Complex, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fares Mabrok Khuded
- Nursing Services Department, King Faisal Medical Complex, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawaz Mohammed Alzaidi
- Head of Nursing Education and Training, Nursing Services Department, King Faisal Medical Complex, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chan CK, Lam TY, Mohanavel L, Ghani JA, Anuar ASK, Lee CJ, Loo QY, Heng WY, Lai PSM, Koh KC, Loh HH, Kori N, Sulaiman H. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of white coat use among medical students during clinical practice (LAUNDERKAP): A cross-sectional study. Am J Infect Control 2024; 52:35-40. [PMID: 37423404 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2023.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies found white coats to be reservoirs for bacteria and medical students did not conform to proper hygiene measures when using these white coats. We investigated the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of medical students toward white coat use in clinical settings (LAUNDERKAP). METHODS A validated, online-based survey was disseminated to 670 students from four Malaysian medical schools via random sampling. Scores were classified into good, moderate, or poor knowledge and practice, and positive, neutral, or negative attitude. Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to analyze the relationship between demographic variables and knowledge, attitude, and practice scores. RESULTS A total of 492/670 students responded (response rate: 73.4%). A majority showed negative attitudes (n = 246, 50%), poor knowledge (n = 294, 59.8%), and moderate practice (n = 239, 48.6%). Senior and clinical year students had more negative attitudes. Male students had higher knowledge, while students from private medical schools and preclinical years had better practice. There was a significant relationship between attitude and practice (r = 0.224, P < .01), as well as knowledge and practice (r = 0.111, P < .05). CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate the need for more education to improve medical students' infection control practices. Our results can also guide decision-making among administrators on the role of white coats as part of medical student attire.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chee K Chan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Thian Y Lam
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Langkeas Mohanavel
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jeffrie A Ghani
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Afieq S K Anuar
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Choon J Lee
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Qing Y Loo
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wei Y Heng
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pauline S M Lai
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kwee C Koh
- Department of Medicine, International Medical University, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Huai H Loh
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Najma Kori
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Helmi Sulaiman
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jimenez YA, Hill S, Lewis S, Abu Awwad D. Infection prevention and control in CT Part 2: Radiographers' and radiology nurses' perceptions of high-risk scenarios contributing to non-adherence to IPC protocols. Radiography (Lond) 2024; 30:265-273. [PMID: 38035444 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adherence to standard and transmission-based precautions in the computed tomography (CT) setting is central to effective infection prevention and control (IPC), yet there is limited evidence about medical imaging (MI) professionals' self-reported predictors of IPC breaches. This is the second of a two-part series on IPC in the CT setting. Part 1 reported on Australian baseline data relating to intravenous contrast media administration and power injectors. Part 2 presents Australian radiographers' and radiology nurses' perceptions of clinical situations that reduce adherence to standard and transmission-based precautions in CT. METHODS A self-administered survey was distributed to Australian radiographers and radiology nurses working in CT. Responses to an open-ended question "If I was to not adhere to the standard and transmission-based precautions in the CT department, it is most likely when …" was analysed using inductive coding for themes, followed by deductive analysis mapped to the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) model. RESULTS Study participants (n = 136) were radiographers (n = 119; 87.5%) and nurses (n = 17; 12.5%). 'Four themes were derived from the inductive analysis: (1) high-risk working conditions, (2) compliance with good practice, (3) attitudes and practice, and (4) quality of communication. Deductive analysis, using the SEIPS domains revealed that predominant issues related to 'Tasks' (43.7%) and 'Organisation' (30.6%) followed by issues related to 'Person' (16.9%), 'Tools and technology' (6.9%) and 'Environment' (1.9%). CONCLUSION Multi-faceted pressures on radiology staff may compromise adherence to standard and transmission-based precautions in CT. Task difficulty, time pressures whilst undertaking tasks, and reduced staffing could lead to lower adherence to standard and transmission-based precautions. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Future studies that focus on evaluation of 'Tasks' and 'Organisation' domains of the SEIPS model may provide further insights to non-adherence behaviours in MI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y A Jimenez
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Medical Imaging Science, Susan Wakil Health Building (D18), Western Avenue, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - S Hill
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Medical Imaging Science, Susan Wakil Health Building (D18), Western Avenue, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - S Lewis
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Medical Imaging Science, Susan Wakil Health Building (D18), Western Avenue, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. https://twitter.com/@SarahLewisUSYD
| | - D Abu Awwad
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Medical Imaging Science, Susan Wakil Health Building (D18), Western Avenue, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yosef T. Healthcare Professionals' Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Infection Prevention in Southwest Ethiopia. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2023; 17:11786302231218819. [PMID: 38116490 PMCID: PMC10729614 DOI: 10.1177/11786302231218819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Infection prevention (IP) is a practical and scientifically supported technique to prevent avoidable infections. The effectiveness of IP techniques applied will depend on the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of healthcare professionals. Objective This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of IP and its associated factors among healthcare professionals at Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital (MTUTH) in southwest Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted from September 1 and 15, 2021 among 196 healthcare professionals at MTUTH in south-west Ethiopia. The knowledge, attitude and practice outcome variables were measured using 13, 13, and 12 questions respectively. A logistic regression analysis was used. The level of significance was declared at a P < .05. Results The level of good knowledge, favorable attitude, and good practice of IP were 71.9%, 63.8%, and 53.6% respectively. Being a GP/specialist [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 10.6, 95% CI (2.13-52.9)] and the presence of an IP manual at work [aOR = 3.43, 95% CI (1.33-8.82)] were factors connected with good IP knowledge. The presence of sufficient PPE in the work area [aOR = 2.73, 95% CI (1.36-5.50)] and IP training [aOR = 3.05, 95% CI (1.28-7.29)] were factors associated with a favorable attitude toward IP. Good IP practice was linked to having enough personal protective equipment (PPE) in the workplace [aOR = 3.63, 95% CI (1.71-7.72)] and having good IP knowledge [aOR = 3.08, 95% CI (1.39-6.86)]. Conclusion The level of KAP of IP among study participants was poor. The provision of adequate PPE, IP manuals and in-service training will help to improve the KAP of healthcare professionals toward IP. Therefore, the hospital management authority and other concerned stakeholders like local NGOs and regional health bureau should provide consistent support to the health professionals in terms of training, resources, and infrastructure to improve and integrate universal precaution in everyday services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tewodros Yosef
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abou Yassine K, El-Saed A, Othman F, Ramou S, Al Alwan BH, Ameer K, Hawthan M, Al Zunitan M, Alshamrani MM. Awareness of health care workers with appropriate infection control practices related to multi-patient use of Close Loop Medication Administration device. Infect Prev Pract 2023; 5:100323. [PMID: 38028360 PMCID: PMC10665828 DOI: 10.1016/j.infpip.2023.100323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Portable computerized devices represent a potential source of healthcare infections. The objective was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of healthcare workers (HCWs) toward infection control practices used with Close Loop Medication Administration (CLMA) devices. Additionally, to quantify the impact of education and training on the bacterial burden on CLMA devices. Methods The study design consisted of two steps: a cross-sectional study was conducted among HCWs working in a tertiary care center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A 32-item questionnaire was used to assess KAP information. The second step was environmental samples collected from the surfaces of CLMA devices before and after implementing a multifaceted intervention. Result A total of 325 HCWs were included in the study. The mean age was 32.6±7.4 years. The majority were females (92%) and nurses (91.3%). The overall KAP score was 74.8%, 74.2% adequate knowledge, 79.3% positive attitude, and 71.3% appropriate practices. KAP score was better (≥ median KAP score) among HCWs working in laboratory and organ transplant units (P<0.001). It was also better among those with a longer duration of work experience (P<0.001) and those who received related training (P<0.001). Approximately 75% of HCWs expressed their need for more information about CLMA. Post-interventional samples had much lower bacterial burden, with the positive rate reduced from 51.4% before intervention to 16.8% after intervention (P<0.001). Conclusions Awareness and behavior of HCWs about appropriate infection control practices related to portable devices is still inadequate. A multifaceted intervention including education and training significantly reduces the bioburden on portable devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kassem Abou Yassine
- Infection Prevention and Control Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aiman El-Saed
- Infection Prevention and Control Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatmah Othman
- College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarr Ramou
- Microbiology Laboratory, King Abdullah Specialist Children Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassam H. Al Alwan
- Microbiology Laboratory, King Abdullah Specialist Children Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kholoud Ameer
- Infection Prevention and Control Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Hawthan
- Infection Prevention and Control Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al Zunitan
- Infection Prevention and Control Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid M. Alshamrani
- Infection Prevention and Control Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sihombing B, Bhatia R, Srivastava R, Aditama TY, Laxminarayan R, Rijal S. Response to antimicrobial resistance in South-East Asia Region. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. SOUTHEAST ASIA 2023; 18:100306. [PMID: 38028162 PMCID: PMC10667315 DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2023.100306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) inflicts significant mortality, morbidity and economic loss in the 11 countries in the WHO South-East Asia Region (SEAR). With technical assistance and advocacy from WHO, all countries have developed their respective National Action Plans on AMR that are aligned with the Global Action Plan. Historically, the WHO Regional Office has been proactive in advocacy at the highest political level. The past decade has seen an enhancement of the country's capacity to combat AMR through national efforts catalyzed and supported through several WHO initiatives at all levels-global, regional and country levels. Several countries including Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Thailand have observed a worrying trend of increasing drug resistance, despite heightened awareness and actions. Recent AMR data generated by the countries are indicative of fragmented progress. Lack of technical capacity, financial resources, weak regulatory apparatus, slow behavioural changes at all levels of the antimicrobial stewardship landscape and the COVID-19 pandemic have prevented the effective application of several interventions to minimize the impact of AMR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benyamin Sihombing
- Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, Department of Communicable Diseases, WHO South-East Asia Region, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Bhatia
- Former Director Communicable Diseases, WHO SEARO, New Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Srivastava
- Regional Director Office, WHO South-East Asia Region, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Suman Rijal
- Department of Communicable Diseases, WHO South-East Asia Region, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Malmberg L, Benavente Hansson C, Grönqvist J, Brundin M, Björkner AE. Endodontic operative field asepsis: a comparison between general dentists and specialists. Acta Odontol Scand 2023; 81:603-608. [PMID: 37417780 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2023.2232855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to evaluate the establishment of an aseptic endodontic operative field in general dentistry by assessing general dentists' ability to reduce the amount of contamination to a non-cultivable level, and to compare the operative field asepsis at a general dentistry clinic with that at an endodontic specialist clinic. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 353 teeth were included in the study (153 in general dentistry, 200 at the specialist clinic). After isolation, control samples were taken, the operative fields disinfected with 30% hydrogen peroxide (1 min) followed by 5% iodine tincture or .5% chlorhexidine solution. Samples were collected from the access cavity area and buccal area, placed in a fluid thioglycolate medium, incubated (37°, 7 d), evaluated for growth/non-growth. RESULTS Significantly more contamination was observed at the general dentistry clinic (31.6%, 95/301), than at the endodontic specialist clinic (7.0%, 27/386) (p <.001). In general dentistry, significantly more positive samples were collected in the buccal area than in the occlusal area. Significantly more positive samples were collected when the chlorhexidine protocol had been used, both in general dentistry (p <.001) and at the specialist clinic (p =.028). CONCLUSIONS The result from this study shows insufficient endodontic aseptic control in general dentistry. At the specialist clinic, both disinfection protocols were able to reduce the amount of microorganisms to a non-cultivable level. The observed difference between the protocols may not reflect a true difference in the effectiveness of the antimicrobial solutions, as confounding factors may have contributed to the result.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leona Malmberg
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Johan Grönqvist
- The Endodontic Specialist Clinic, The Public Dental Health Service of Västerbotten County, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Malin Brundin
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Annika Elisabeth Björkner
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
- Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
HNAIHEN KARRARABBAS, FAREED WASENABDULAMEERALI, AL-MUSSA ZAINABHUSSAINTAHER. Knowledge of healthcare workers to prevent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in hospitals of Thi-Qar Governorate, Iraq. J Public Health Afr 2023; 14:2787. [PMID: 38020271 PMCID: PMC10658470 DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2023.2787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is considered one of the nosocomial infections that can infect patients and healthcare workers (HCWs) and negatively affect the quality of care provided in the hospital. Evaluate the knowledge of HCWs regarding the prevention of MRSA infection in Thi-Qar Governorate. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted for 362 HCWs randomly selected from four hospitals and distributed as follows: 125 from Nasiriyah Teaching Hospital, 80 from Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital, 80 from Al-Haboubi Teaching Hospital and 77 from Souk Al-Shuyoukh General Hospital during the period from October 1 (2022) to May 1 (2023) and data was collected by using self-reported paper-based questionnaires. Our study showed 68.8% of HCWs enjoyed a moderate level of knowledge, and there was a strong correlation (P-value #x003C;0.05), between knowledge and some sociodemographic and occupational characteristics of the participants, which include age, educational level, job title, years of service and workplace in the hospital. Additionally, a relationship between knowledge and the source of the MRAS information was demonstrated which is a highly significant association between the total knowledge score and the sources of information. The knowledge of MRSA infection prevention among HCWs was moderate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- KARRAR ABBAS HNAIHEN
- Department of Community Health Techniques, College of Health & Medical Technology
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
AMALI OWOICHOOKO, VAN WYK RENAYHELOUISE. Infection prevention knowledge and practices among healthcare workers at a health facility in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. J Public Health Afr 2023; 14:2497. [PMID: 38020267 PMCID: PMC10662215 DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2023.2599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the critical importance of infection prevention practices among healthcare workers. Prioritizing this crucial aspect of healthcare can mitigate the spread of infectious diseases and ensure the well-being of our healthcare heroes and their communities. The purpose of the research was to investigate the knowledge and practice of infection prevention and control. The study was a cross-sectional study that used self-administered paper-based questionnaires. The study sample of 316 eligible healthcare workers was selected using stratified sampling. Data was entered into EPI Info version 7.2 and exported to SPSS version 27 for analysis. The ethics committees of the university and the hospital approved the study. The majority of participants 116 (36.7%) were nurses. The mean age was 34.79 years ± 8.37, 118 (37.30%) were male while 198 (62.7%) were female. Only 169 (53.9%) knew the recommended duration for hand washing. 132 (41.8%) of healthcare workers believed needles should be recapped following use. Healthcare workers were twice as likely to wash their hands before contact and five times more likely to wash their hands after contact with a patient, their bedding, or after a procedure (AOR 1.82, 95% CI 1.04-3.20), (AOR 4.51, 95% CI 1.76-11.54) respectively. Personal protective equipment (PPEs) were twice as likely to be unavailable (AOR 2.39, 95% CI 1.31-4.37). The findings revealed suboptimal knowledge and practice of hand hygiene indicating the need for healthcare workers to be trained on Infection Prevention and Control. PPE(s) must be provided for healthcare workers to improve compliance with IPC practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - RENAY HELOUISE VAN WYK
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Heidari H, Beni ZHM, Deris F. Using Kern model to design, implement, and evaluate an infection control program for improving knowledge and performance among undergraduate nursing students: a mixed methods study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:795. [PMID: 37880731 PMCID: PMC10601198 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04775-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses and Nursing students are the front line of care in managing the care of infectious patients then they have more contact with patients than other students. Therefore, the aim of this study was designing, implementing and evaluating the infection control program among undergraduate nursing students using a mixed study. METHOD The mixed method approach with sequential exploratory (qualitative-quantitative) method was used. Kern model was applied in six steps included: 1-Needs assessment 2- Initial design 3- Goals and specific objectives 4- Educational strategy 5- Program implementation 6- Program evaluation. Thirty nursing students and 3 nursing faculty members were selected through purposive sampling for focus group in need assessment. Single-group semi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design was used in partnership with all eighth semester nursing students in program evaluation. RESULT Data analysis of focus group obtained two categories including: Need to improve knowledge in infection control and need to improve performance in infection control. With need assessment and literature review, educational content developed according to nursing students learning needs. Then, 3 faculty members prepared a course plan including goals, specific objectives, educational strategy for student assignments. One-way analysis of variance to compare the average score of knowledge, performance and its categories before, 2 weeks after the intervention and 2 months after the intervention shows a statistically significant difference (p > 0.001). Pearson's correlation coefficient shows that there is a negative linear relationship between work experience and knowledge score 2 weeks after and 2 months after the intervention (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION According to our results, it is recommended the need to revise the curriculum for the integration of the infection control program in the undergraduate nursing education. Of course, it is necessary to conduct more studies in the field by dividing this program into internship and field internship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haydeh Heidari
- Modeling in Health Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Rahmatieh, PO Box 3833346699, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Deris
- Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sartelli M, Barie PS, Coccolini F, Abbas M, Abbo LM, Abdukhalilova GK, Abraham Y, Abubakar S, Abu-Zidan FM, Adebisi YA, Adamou H, Afandiyeva G, Agastra E, Alfouzan WA, Al-Hasan MN, Ali S, Ali SM, Allaw F, Allwell-Brown G, Amir A, Amponsah OKO, Al Omari A, Ansaloni L, Ansari S, Arauz AB, Augustin G, Awazi B, Azfar M, Bah MSB, Bala M, Banagala ASK, Baral S, Bassetti M, Bavestrello L, Beilman G, Bekele K, Benboubker M, Beović B, Bergamasco MD, Bertagnolio S, Biffl WL, Blot S, Boermeester MA, Bonomo RA, Brink A, Brusaferro S, Butemba J, Caínzos MA, Camacho-Ortiz A, Canton R, Cascio A, Cassini A, Cástro-Sanchez E, Catarci M, Catena R, Chamani-Tabriz L, Chandy SJ, Charani E, Cheadle WG, Chebet D, Chikowe I, Chiara F, Cheng VCC, Chioti A, Cocuz ME, Coimbra R, Cortese F, Cui Y, Czepiel J, Dasic M, de Francisco Serpa N, de Jonge SW, Delibegovic S, Dellinger EP, Demetrashvili Z, De Palma A, De Silva D, De Simone B, De Waele J, Dhingra S, Diaz JJ, Dima C, Dirani N, Dodoo CC, Dorj G, Duane TM, Eckmann C, Egyir B, Elmangory MM, Enani MA, Ergonul O, Escalera-Antezana JP, Escandon K, Ettu AWOO, Fadare JO, Fantoni M, Farahbakhsh M, Faro MP, Ferreres A, Flocco G, Foianini E, Fry DE, Garcia AF, Gerardi C, Ghannam W, Giamarellou H, Glushkova N, Gkiokas G, Goff DA, Gomi H, Gottfredsson M, Griffiths EA, Guerra Gronerth RI, Guirao X, Gupta YK, Halle-Ekane G, Hansen S, Haque M, Hardcastle TC, Hayman DTS, Hecker A, Hell M, Ho VP, Hodonou AM, Isik A, Islam S, Itani KMF, Jaidane N, Jammer I, Jenkins DR, Kamara IF, Kanj SS, Jumbam D, Keikha M, Khanna AK, Khanna S, Kapoor G, Kapoor G, Kariuki S, Khamis F, Khokha V, Kiggundu R, Kiguba R, Kim HB, Kim PK, Kirkpatrick AW, Kluger Y, Ko WC, Kok KYY, Kotecha V, Kouma I, Kovacevic B, Krasniqi J, Krutova M, Kryvoruchko I, Kullar R, Labi KA, Labricciosa FM, Lakoh S, Lakatos B, Lansang MAD, Laxminarayan R, Lee YR, Leone M, Leppaniemi A, Hara GL, Litvin A, Lohsiriwat V, Machain GM, Mahomoodally F, Maier RV, Majumder MAA, Malama S, Manasa J, Manchanda V, Manzano-Nunez R, Martínez-Martínez L, Martin-Loeches I, Marwah S, Maseda E, Mathewos M, Maves RC, McNamara D, Memish Z, Mertz D, Mishra SK, Montravers P, Moro ML, Mossialos E, Motta F, Mudenda S, Mugabi P, Mugisha MJM, Mylonakis E, Napolitano LM, Nathwani D, Nkamba L, Nsutebu EF, O’Connor DB, Ogunsola S, Jensen PØ, Ordoñez JM, Ordoñez CA, Ottolino P, Ouedraogo AS, Paiva JA, Palmieri M, Pan A, Pant N, Panyko A, Paolillo C, Patel J, Pea F, Petrone P, Petrosillo N, Pintar T, Plaudis H, Podda M, Ponce-de-Leon A, Powell SL, Puello-Guerrero A, Pulcini C, Rasa K, Regimbeau JM, Rello J, Retamozo-Palacios MR, Reynolds-Campbell G, Ribeiro J, Rickard J, Rocha-Pereira N, Rosenthal VD, Rossolini GM, Rwegerera GM, Rwigamba M, Sabbatucci M, Saladžinskas Ž, Salama RE, Sali T, Salile SS, Sall I, Kafil HS, Sakakushev BE, Sawyer RG, Scatizzi M, Seni J, Septimus EJ, Sganga G, Shabanzadeh DM, Shelat VG, Shibabaw A, Somville F, Souf S, Stefani S, Tacconelli E, Tan BK, Tattevin P, Rodriguez-Taveras C, Telles JP, Téllez-Almenares O, Tessier J, Thang NT, Timmermann C, Timsit JF, Tochie JN, Tolonen M, Trueba G, Tsioutis C, Tumietto F, Tuon FF, Ulrych J, Uranues S, van Dongen M, van Goor H, Velmahos GC, Vereczkei A, Viaggi B, Viale P, Vila J, Voss A, Vraneš J, Watkins RR, Wanjiru-Korir N, Waworuntu O, Wechsler-Fördös A, Yadgarova K, Yahaya M, Yahya AI, Xiao Y, Zakaria AD, Zakrison TL, Zamora Mesia V, Siquini W, Darzi A, Pagani L, Catena F. Ten golden rules for optimal antibiotic use in hospital settings: the WARNING call to action. World J Emerg Surg 2023; 18:50. [PMID: 37845673 PMCID: PMC10580644 DOI: 10.1186/s13017-023-00518-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are recognized widely for their benefits when used appropriately. However, they are often used inappropriately despite the importance of responsible use within good clinical practice. Effective antibiotic treatment is an essential component of universal healthcare, and it is a global responsibility to ensure appropriate use. Currently, pharmaceutical companies have little incentive to develop new antibiotics due to scientific, regulatory, and financial barriers, further emphasizing the importance of appropriate antibiotic use. To address this issue, the Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery established an international multidisciplinary task force of 295 experts from 115 countries with different backgrounds. The task force developed a position statement called WARNING (Worldwide Antimicrobial Resistance National/International Network Group) aimed at raising awareness of antimicrobial resistance and improving antibiotic prescribing practices worldwide. The statement outlined is 10 axioms, or "golden rules," for the appropriate use of antibiotics that all healthcare workers should consistently adhere in clinical practice.
Collapse
|
27
|
Alzahrani KA, Kofiah Y, Taishan WS, Taishan SS, Alghamdi HA, Samargandi R. Patient Safety in the Surgical Field: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Al-Baha University Medical Students. Cureus 2023; 15:e47923. [PMID: 37916240 PMCID: PMC10616679 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patient safety and quality of surgical care are crucial in healthcare. Adequate knowledge and attitudes among healthcare providers regarding differentiating malpractice from surgical complications are essential for preventing adverse events. We aimed to assess medical students' knowledge and attitudes toward patient safety in surgical procedures. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted among clinical years of medical students and interns at Al-Baha University, Saudi Arabia, from June 15, 2023, to August 1, 2023. Exclusion criteria were students from basic years, pharmacology students, applied medical science, dental students, and students from other universities. A self-administered questionnaire collected data on participants' demographics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to patient safety in surgical procedures. Results A total of 271 medical students participated, exceeding the target sample size of 181. Participants' ages ranged from 20 to 28 years, with the majority between 23 and 25 (60.5%). Males accounted for 63.8% of participants. The largest group was fourth-year students (31.7%), followed by interns (23.6%), those in sixth year (23.2%), and those in fifth year (21.4%). Moreover, 82.7% of participants demonstrated good knowledge of patient safety concepts. The highest level of knowledge was noted among fourth-year students (89.5%), and the lowest was among fifth-year medical students (75.9%), but was not statistically significant (p=0.701). Most participants demonstrated appropriate attitudes and practices (83.6%); however, 9.2% refused to perform surgery on a patient with active hepatitis B due to concerns for their own safety. Conclusion The majority of participants exhibited suitable knowledge and attitudes toward patient safety in surgical scenarios, but there was deficient knowledge among fifth- and sixth-year students. Moreover, a negative attitude regarding patient safety was noticed, exemplified by refusing surgeries on patients with active hepatitis B.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid A Alzahrani
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, SAU
| | - Yasser Kofiah
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, SAU
| | | | | | | | - Ramy Samargandi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) de Tours, Tours, FRA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, SAU
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mudenda S, Chizimu J, Chabalenge B, Kasanga M, Matafwali SK, Daka V, Yamba K, Mulomba M, Mufwambi W, Katowa-Mukwato P, Godman B. Knowledge, attitude, and practices toward infection prevention and control among undergraduate pharmacy students in Zambia: findings and implications. ANTIMICROBIAL STEWARDSHIP & HEALTHCARE EPIDEMIOLOGY : ASHE 2023; 3:e154. [PMID: 37771733 PMCID: PMC10523556 DOI: 10.1017/ash.2023.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Background Infection prevention and control (IPC) measures are critical in preventing the risk of acquiring and transmitting nosocomial infections. In Zambia, there is little information concerning IPC practices among pharmacy students who are exposed to potentially infectious areas both in public and private healthcare settings. Therefore, this study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and practices of undergraduate pharmacy students toward infection prevention and control at the University of Zambia. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among 290 undergraduate pharmacy students at the University of Zambia using a structured questionnaire from August 2022 to October 2022. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0, and statistical significance was set at a 95% confidence level. Results Of the 290 participants, 166(57.2%) were female and the majority were aged between 18 and 23 years. Overall, 252(86.9%) had good knowledge, 167(57.6%) had positive attitudes, and 248(85.5%) had good practices toward IPC measures. These results indicate lower attitude scores compared to knowledge and practices. Having good knowledge of IPC was associated with being a Christian by religion compared to other religions (OR = 5.314, 95% CI: 1.141-24.745). There was no association between sociodemographics and attitude and practice concerning IPC. Conclusion This study found that pharmacy students had good knowledge, positive attitudes, and good practices toward IPC measures. Consequently, more emphasis is needed to improve the student's knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward IPC, especially in areas where gaps were identified. Additionally, there is a need to improve curricula on IPC measures in the training of pharmacy programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steward Mudenda
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- Antimicrobial Resistance Coordinating Committee (AMRCC), Zambia National Public Health Institute, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Joseph Chizimu
- Antimicrobial Resistance Coordinating Committee (AMRCC), Zambia National Public Health Institute, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Billy Chabalenge
- Department of Medicines Control, Zambia Medicines Regulatory Authority, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Maisa Kasanga
- Zhengzhou University, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Scott Kaba Matafwali
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Victor Daka
- Department of Public Health, Michael Chilufya Sata School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, Ndola, Zambia
| | - Kaunda Yamba
- Antimicrobial Resistance Coordinating Committee (AMRCC), Zambia National Public Health Institute, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Margret Mulomba
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Webrod Mufwambi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Patricia Katowa-Mukwato
- Department of Basic and Clinical Nursing, School of Nursing Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Brian Godman
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Moghnieh R, Al-Maani AS, Berro J, Ibrahim N, Attieh R, Abdallah D, Al-Ajmi J, Hamdani D, Abdulrazzaq N, Omar A, Al-Khawaja S, Al-Abadla R, Al-Ratrout S, Gharaibeh M, Abdelrahim Z, Azrag H, Amiri KM, Berry A, Hagali B, Kadhim J, Al-Shami H, Khan MA, Husni R, Heweidy I, Zayed B. Mapping of infection prevention and control education and training in some countries of the World Health Organization's Eastern Mediterranean Region: current situation and future needs. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2023; 12:90. [PMID: 37667340 PMCID: PMC10478460 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-023-01299-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A strong understanding of infection prevention and control (IPC) procedures and comprehensive training among healthcare workers is essential for effective IPC programs. These elements play a crucial role in breaking the chain of nosocomial infections by preventing the transmission of resistant organisms to patients and staff members. This study mapped the components of IPC education and training across various member states of the World Health Organization (WHO) in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) at national, academic, and healthcare institutional levels. METHODS A self-administered structured online questionnaire based on the WHO "Core Component 3" of IPC programs at the national and acute healthcare facility levels (IPC education and training) was given to national IPC focal persons in each of the WHO's EMR countries between February and March 2023. RESULTS From 14 of the 22 countries,15 IPC persons participated in the survey. Most countries have scattered nonhomogeneous IPC education programs in human health undergraduate majors without considering it a standalone module. Academic institutions are rarely involved, and elaborate and predefined undergraduate IPC education programs provided by universities are present in 21.4% of the countries. In 71.4% of these countries, postgraduate training targeting IPC professionals is provided by national IPC teams, primarily based on national IPC guidelines developed with the aid of the WHO. Generally, healthcare worker training relies heavily on healthcare facilities in 92.9% of the countries, rather than on a national training program. In 42.9% of the countries, practicing IPC physicians are not necessarily specialists of infectious disease or medical microbiologists and IPC nurses are not required to specialize in IPC. However, nonspecialized IPC professionals are expected to undergo training upon employment and before beginning practice. Nongovernmental organizations such as the WHO play a significant role in IPC education and in supporting national IPC authorities in establishing national IPC guidelines, as it is the case in 78.6% of these countries. CONCLUSION Clear disparities exist in IPC education and training across different countries in the WHO's EMR. Establishing a regional scientific network specializing in IPC would help bridge the existing gaps and standardize this education within individual countries and across countries in the region. This region needs to establish IPC certification standards and standardized education curricula.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rima Moghnieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lebanese American University Medical Center-Rizk Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Lebanese American University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Amal Saif Al-Maani
- Senior Consultant in Pediatric Infectious Diseases & Infection Prevention & Control, Directorate General for Disease Surveillance & Control, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Jana Berro
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nour Ibrahim
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rana Attieh
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dania Abdallah
- Pharmacy Department, Makassed General Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jameela Al-Ajmi
- Senior Consultant Infectious Diseases, Executive Director Infection Prevention & Control, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar
| | - Dhouha Hamdani
- Infection Control Specialist, Quality Improvement & Patient Safety, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar
| | - Najiba Abdulrazzaq
- Al Baraha Hospital, Ministry of Health and Prevention, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abeer Omar
- Surveillance Department, Infection Control Directorate, National Focal person of AMR and Head, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Safa Al-Khawaja
- Department of Internal Medicine, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Rami Al-Abadla
- Infection Control Consultant, Director of Safety & Infection Prevention & Control Unit, Gaza, Palestine
| | | | - Mohammad Gharaibeh
- Infection Prevention & Control Program, Ministry of Health, Amman, Jordan
| | - Zakaria Abdelrahim
- Infection Preventionist, Infection Control Office, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hiba Azrag
- Development and Accreditation, Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Karima Mayar Amiri
- General Directorate of Curative Medicine, Ministry of Public Health, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Atika Berry
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Bashar Hagali
- General Assembly of Damascus Hospital, Ministry of Health, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Jamal Kadhim
- Infection Prevention & Control Program, Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Huda Al-Shami
- Infection Prevention & Control Program, Ministry of Health, Sanaa, Yemen
| | - Mumtaz Ali Khan
- Centers for Disease Control, NIH and Coordinator FELTP, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Roula Husni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lebanese American University Medical Center-Rizk Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Iman Heweidy
- Antimicrobial Resistance/Infection Prevention & Control Unit, Infection Prevention & Control Consultant, Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, World Health Organization, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Bassim Zayed
- Department of Communicable Disease, Antimicrobial Resistance/Infection Prevention & Control Unit, Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, World Health Organization, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Jarelnape AA. The Assessment of Nursing Staff Knowledge and Barriers Regarding Aseptic Techniques in Khartoum Teaching Hospital, Sudan. Cureus 2023; 15:e45265. [PMID: 37846261 PMCID: PMC10576657 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aseptic techniques are crucial in preventing healthcare-associated infections, which are an integral part of standard precautions, and encompass a range of practices designed to safeguard patients from healthcare-associated infections. Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of knowledge and identify the barriers faced by nursing staff in implementing aseptic techniques. Methodology This study employed a stratified random sampling technique to ensure the representation of the research sample. A cross-sectional, descriptive research design was used to assess the knowledge and barriers of nursing staff in maintaining aseptic techniques in their medical practice at Khartoum Teaching Hospital, Sudan. The nursing staff members were divided into different units, and a proportionate number of participants were randomly selected from each stratum. A total of 83 nursing staff members were recruited for this study. Data collection was conducted using a structured questionnaire specifically designed for this study. The questionnaire consisted of items that assessed the nursing staff's knowledge and barriers to aseptic technique implementation. Results The study findings revealed that the mean knowledge score of nursing staff was 14.12, with a median score of 15. The knowledge score had a standard deviation of 3.22. Approximately two-thirds of the nurses (66.3%) had an average level of knowledge, while 33.7% had a below-average level of knowledge. The chi-square analysis indicated a significant association between educational level, years of experience, and knowledge scores (P value=0.010) at a significance level of 0.05. Additionally, 65% of the participants reported facing multiple challenges in maintaining aseptic techniques, including insufficient training, limited resources, and inadequate support. Conclusion In conclusion, the evaluation revealed that a significant proportion of participants felt that their unit lacked adequate training and resources for aseptic techniques. Many had observed colleagues not adhering to aseptic practices, and the participants faced multiple challenges in maintaining aseptic techniques, including insufficient training, limited resources, time constraints, and inadequate support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Jarelnape
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al Baha University, Al Baha, SAU
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Milambo JPM, Ndirangu J, Mangala S, Simba H, Kabego L. Incidence of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) among healthcare workers during the first and second wave in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a descriptive study. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:519. [PMID: 37553564 PMCID: PMC10408040 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08494-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at the frontline of response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Protecting HCWs is of paramount importance to the World Health Organization (WHO). Outbreak investigation which is based on a critical assessment of core components of infection prevention and control (IPC) programs allows for the identification of different sources of exposure to the COVID-19 virus and for informing additional IPC recommendations. To date, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is categorized as a high-risk country due to weaknesses in the health system, low capacity for diagnosis, socioeconomic characteristics of the population, and insufficient vaccination coverage. AIM To investigate the burden of COVID-19 among HCWs and identification of IPC gaps to reduce HCWs-associated infection at different levels (facilities, communities, and points of entry) following the WHO strategy for IPC program implementation during the first to the third wave of the pandemic. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the DRC National Department of Health (NDOH) database and WHO questionnaire suspected and confirmed COVID-19 cases among HCWs from 10/03/2020 to 22/06/2021. The investigation was conducted by a trained IPC response team to identify the sources of the exposures. The questionnaire included demographics, profession, types of interaction between HCWs and patients, and community-based questions regarding family members and other behaviors. These variables were assessed using a multimodal strategy framework. Knowledge and adherence to IPC gaps using WHO guidelines were performed for each COVID-19-positive or suspected HCW. WHO rapid Scorecard dashboard was conducted for evaluating healthcare facilities (HCFs) performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS Cumulative incidence of positive HCWs was 809 /35,898(2.2%) from the first to the third wave of COVID-19 among 6 provinces of DRC. The distribution of the HCWs infected by COVID-19 was predominated by nurses (42%), doctors (27%), biologists (8%), environmental health practitioners (5%), interns (3%), and other categories (15%). Other categories included nutritionists, physiotherapists, midwives, pharmacists, and paramedics. The investigation revealed that about 32% of HCWs were infected from household contacts, 11% were infected by HCFs, 35% were infected in the community and 22% were infected from unknown exposures. The mean score of IPC performance for all evaluated HCFs was 27/42(64%). This shows that IPC performance was moderate. Lower or minimal performance was noted in the implementation of the IPC program at the national and facility level, triage and screening, isolation handwashing and multimodal strategies of hand hygiene, PPE availability, and rationale, waste segregation, waste disposal, sterilization, and training of HCWs. CONCLUSION This study revealed that the prevalence of HCWs who tested positive for the COVID-19 virus was high among frontline healthcare workers from 6 provinces of DRC. A high prevalence of nosocomial infection was correlated with insufficient IPC adherence in the context of COVID-19. Strategies to strengthen IPC capacity building and provide HCWs with sufficient PPE stocks and budgets may improve IPC performance in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This will further allow for adherence to WHO recommendations for successful program implementation to minimize COVID-19 transmission in HCFs, communities, and public gatherings. And this may be transferable to other infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Paul Muambangu Milambo
- Division of Public Health, University of Free State, Bloenfontein, South Africa.
- Department of Health and Prevention, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Health Emergencies Programme, WHO, African Region, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
| | - James Ndirangu
- Division of Public Health, University of Free State, Bloenfontein, South Africa
| | - Samuel Mangala
- Department of Health and Prevention, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Hannah Simba
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Landry Kabego
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Tesfaye AH, Mekonnen TH, Desye B, Yenealem DG. Infection Prevention and Control Practices and Associated Factors Among Healthcare Cleaners in Gondar City: An Analysis of a Cross-Sectional Survey in Ethiopia. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2023; 16:1317-1330. [PMID: 37492624 PMCID: PMC10363670 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s419110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Healthcare-associated infections are a global health problem and are more prevalent in developing countries such as Ethiopia, but there is a paucity of research on the infection prevention practices of cleaning staff. Therefore, this study aimed to assess infection prevention and control practices and associated factors among cleaners working in healthcare facilities in Gondar City, Ethiopia. Methodology A cross-sectional survey was conducted among healthcare cleaning staff from May to June 2022. A total of 428 cleaners took part in the survey. Data were collected using a semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. The data were entered into EpiData version 4.6 and analyzed using Stata version 14 software. A multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was used to ascertain the significance of associations at <0.05 p-value and the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Among the 390 study participants included, 294 (75.1%) were female. Of the surveyed participants, 186 (47.7%) had good knowledge of infection prevention and control practices. This study revealed that out of the 390 healthcare cleaners, 204 (52.3%) had good infection prevention and control practices with 52.3% [95% CI (47.2, 56.4)]. Good knowledge of infection prevention and control [AOR: 1.56, 95% CI (1.03, 2.37)] and the availability of infection prevention and control guidelines in the workplace [AOR: 1.54, 95% CI (1.01, 2.33)] were significant factors associated with infection prevention and control practice. Conclusion The present study found that almost half of the healthcare cleaners had poor IPC practices. The finding underlines the importance of good IPC knowledge and the accessibility of IPC guidelines to improve IPC practices among healthcare cleaning staff. The findings of this study also highlight that behavioral change interventions and paying attention, particularly to nonclinical staff such as cleaners in health care settings, are critical to reducing infection in health care settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amensisa Hailu Tesfaye
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Hambisa Mekonnen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Belay Desye
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Dawit Getachew Yenealem
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ghamri RA, Ghamri KA. Sociodemographic and clinical predictors for COVID-19 preventive measures compliance among pregnant women in Saudi Arabia: a multicenter study. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:402. [PMID: 37312041 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08364-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the levels of adherence among pregnant women to the basic COVID-19 preventive measures, and to analyze the effect of risk perception and sociodemographic and clinical factors on adherence. METHOD A multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted at the obstetrics clinics of 50 primary care centers selected using a multistage sampling method. An online-administered, structured questionnaire was used to collect self-reported levels of adherence to four basic preventive measures against COVID-19, along with perceived COVID-19 severity, infectiousness, and harmfulness to the baby, besides sociodemographic and clinical data including obstetrical and other medical history. RESULTS A total of 2460 pregnant women were included with a mean (SD) age of 30.21 (6.11) years. Levels of self-reported compliance were highest for hand hygiene (95.7%), followed by social distancing (92.3%), masking (90.0%), and avoidance of contact with a COVID-19 infected person (70.3%). Perceived COVID-19 severity and infectiousness, and harmfulness to the baby were observed in 89.2%, 70.7%, and 85.0% of the participants, respectively, and were variably associated with compliance to preventive measures. Analysis of sociodemographic factors highlighted the significance of education and economic status in determining adherence to preventive measures, which represents a potential inequity in the risk of COVID-19 infection. CONCLUSION This study highlights the importance of patients' education to enable functional perception of COVID-19 that promotes self-efficacy, besides investigating the specific social determinants of health to tackle inequalities in terms of prevention efficiency and the subsequent health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranya A Ghamri
- Family Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Kholoud A Ghamri
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sodhi K, Chanchalani G, Arya M, Shrestha GS, Chandwani JN, Kumar M, Kansal MG, Ashrafuzzaman M, Mudalige AD, Al Tayar A, Mansour B, Saeed HM, Hashmi M, Das M, Al Shirawi NN, Mathias R, Ahmed WO, Sharma A, Agarwal D, Nasa P. Knowledge and awareness of infection control practices among nursing professionals: A cross-sectional survey from South Asia and the Middle East. World J Crit Care Med 2023; 12:176-187. [PMID: 37397590 PMCID: PMC10308336 DOI: 10.5492/wjccm.v12.i3.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proficiency of nursing professionals in the infection prevention and control (IPC) practices is a core component of the strategy to mitigate the challenge of healthcare associated infections.
AIM To test knowledge of nurses working in intensive care units (ICU) in South Asia and Middle East countries on IPC practices.
METHODS An online self-assessment questionnaire based on various aspects of IPC practices was conducted among nurses over three weeks.
RESULTS A total of 1333 nurses from 13 countries completed the survey. The average score was 72.8% and 36% of nurses were proficient (mean score > 80%). 43% and 68.3% of respondents were from government and teaching hospitals, respectively. 79.2% of respondents worked in < 25 bedded ICUs and 46.5% in closed ICUs. Statistically, a significant association was found between the knowledge and expertise of nurses, the country’s per-capita income, type of hospitals, accreditation and teaching status of hospitals and type of ICUs. Working in high- and upper-middle-income countries (β = 4.89, 95%CI: 3.55 to 6.22) was positively associated, and the teaching status of the hospital (β = -4.58, 95%CI: -6.81 to -2.36) was negatively associated with the knowledge score among respondents.
CONCLUSION There is considerable variation in knowledge among nurses working in ICU. Factors like income status of countries, public vs private and teaching status of hospitals and experience are independently associated with nurses’ knowledge of IPC practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanwalpreet Sodhi
- Department of Critical Care, Deep Hospital, Ludhiana 141001, Punjab, India
| | - Gunjan Chanchalani
- Critical Care Medicine, Somaiya Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai 400001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Muktanjali Arya
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Deep Hospital, Ludhiana 141001, India
| | - Gentle S Shrestha
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Juhi N Chandwani
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Royal Hospital, Muscat 112, Oman
| | - Manender Kumar
- Department of Cardiac Anaesthesia, Fortis Hospital, Ludhiana 141002, Punjab, India
| | - Monika G Kansal
- Intensive Care Medicine, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore 609606, Singapore
| | - Mohammad Ashrafuzzaman
- Intensive Care Unit, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Anushka D Mudalige
- Intensive Care Unit, Colombo North Teaching Hospital, Ragama 11010, Sri Lanka
| | - Ashraf Al Tayar
- Intensive Care Unit and Respiratory Therapy Department, Security Forces Hospital, Damman 34223, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassam Mansour
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Zahraa Hospital-University Medical Center, Beirut 1007, Lebanon
- Pulmonary Division, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut 1007, Lebanon
| | - Hasan M Saeed
- Department of Critical Care, Salmaniyah Medical Complex, Manama 323, Bahrain
| | - Madiha Hashmi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ziauddin University, Karachi 75530, Pakistan
| | - Mitul Das
- Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Swasti Hospital, Rangia 781354, India
| | - Nehad N Al Shirawi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Al Fujairah Hospital, Fujairah 0000, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ranjan Mathias
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 974, Qatar
| | - Wagih O Ahmed
- Intensive Care Unit, Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Buraidah 52211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amandeep Sharma
- Department of Nursing, Deep Hospital, Ludhiana 141001, India
| | - Diptimala Agarwal
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Shantived Institute of Medical Sciences, Agra 282007, India
| | - Prashant Nasa
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, NMC Specialty Hospital, Dubai 7832, United Arab Emirates
- Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Al Ain 15551, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sodhi K, Chanchalani G, Arya M, Shrestha GS, Chandwani JN, Kumar M, Kansal MG, Ashrafuzzaman M, Mudalige AD, Al Tayar A, Mansour B, Saeed HM, Hashmi M, Das M, Al Shirawi NN, Mathias R, Ahmed WO, Sharma A, Agarwal D, Nasa P. Knowledge and awareness of infection control practices among nursing professionals: A cross-sectional survey from South Asia and the Middle East. World J Crit Care Med 2023; 12:176-187. [DOI: 10.5492/wjccm.v12.i3.176 sodhi k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
|
36
|
George LS, Tomy C, Retnakumar C, Narlawar U, Bhardwaj P, Krishnan J, Rao RLL, Patel P, Bilimale AS, Baby P, Mathew MM, Cassini A, Simniceanu A, Yin M, Allegranzi B, Ahmad M, Rahman A, Mohiuddin SA, Thakre S, Bhansali SS, Vohra R, Krishnan H, Logaraj M, Maheriya V, Gharat V, Dipu TS, Solomon H, Sharma S, Shwethashree M, Hegde R, Ansari MWF, Misra S. Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection among health workers in India: a case control study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1156782. [PMID: 37325312 PMCID: PMC10264666 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1156782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 was declared as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 30th January 2020. Compared to the general population, healthcare workers and their families have been identified to be at a higher risk of getting infected with COVID-19. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the risk factors responsible for the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection among health workers in different hospital settings and to describe the range of clinical presentations of SARS-CoV-2 infection among them. Methodology A nested case-control study was conducted among healthcare workers who were involved in the care of COVID-19 cases for assessing the risk factors associated with it. To get a holistic perspective, the study was conducted in 19 different hospitals from across 7 states (Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Rajasthan) of India covering the major government and private hospitals that were actively involved in COVID-19 patient care. The study participants who were not vaccinated were enrolled using the incidence density sampling technique from December 2020 to December 2021. Results A total of 973 health workers consisting of 345 cases and 628 controls were recruited for the study. The mean age of the participants was observed to be 31.17 ± 8.5 years, with 56.3% of them being females. On multivariate analysis, the factors that were found to be significantly associated with SARS-CoV-2 were age of more than 31 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.407 [95% CI 1.53-1.880]; p = 0.021), male gender (aOR 1.342 [95% CI 1.019-1.768]; p = 0.036), practical mode of IPC training on personal protective equipment (aOR 1. 1.935 [95% CI 1.148-3.260]; p = 0.013), direct exposure to COVID-19 patient (aOR 1.413 [95% CI 1.006-1.985]; p = 0.046), presence of diabetes mellitus (aOR 2.895 [95% CI 1.079-7.770]; p = 0.035) and those received prophylactic treatment for COVID-19 in the last 14 days (aOR 1.866 [95% CI 0.201-2.901]; p = 0.006). Conclusion The study was able to highlight the need for having a separate hospital infection control department that implements IPC programs regularly. The study also emphasizes the need for developing policies that address the occupational hazards faced by health workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leyanna Susan George
- Department of Community Medicine, Amrita School of Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi, India
- Scientist E, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Chitra Tomy
- Department of Community Medicine, Amrita School of Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi, India
| | - Charutha Retnakumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Amrita School of Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi, India
| | - Uday Narlawar
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Nagpur, India
| | - Pankaj Bhardwaj
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur, Jodhpur, India
| | | | | | - Prakash Patel
- Community Medicine Department, Surat Municipal Institute of Medical Education and Research, Surat, India
| | - Anil S. Bilimale
- School of Public Health and Department of Community Medicine, JSS Medical College, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Poornima Baby
- Department of Microbiology, Amrita School of Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi, India
| | - Minu Maria Mathew
- Department of Community Medicine, Amrita School of Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi, India
| | | | | | - Mo Yin
- World Health Organization (Switzerland), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Anisur Rahman
- Indira Gandhi Government Medical College and Hospital, Nagpur, India
| | | | | | | | - Rajaat Vohra
- SRM Institutes for Medical Science, SRM University, Chennai, India
| | | | - M. Logaraj
- GMERS Medical College, Sola, Ahmedabad, India
| | | | - Vaibhav Gharat
- Infectious Diseases, Amrita School of Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi, India
| | - T. S. Dipu
- Infectious Diseases, Amrita School of Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi, India
| | | | - Sarita Sharma
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Nagpur, India
| | - M. Shwethashree
- School of Public Health and Department of Community Medicine, JSS Medical College, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rahul Hegde
- Department of Community Medicine, KS Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | | | - Sanjeev Misra
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur, Jodhpur, India
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Elton L, Abdel Hamid MM, Tembo J, Elbadawi H, Maluzi K, Abdelraheem MH, Cullip T, Kabanda C, Roulston K, Honeyborne I, Thomason MJ, Elhag K, Mohammed A, Adam A, Mulonga K, Sikakena K, Matibula P, Kabaso M, Nakazwe R, Fwoloshi S, Zumla A, McHugh TD. A pandemic within a pandemic? Admission to COVID-19 wards in hospitals is associated with increased prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in two African settings. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2023; 22:25. [PMID: 37055793 PMCID: PMC10101537 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-023-00575-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients who develop severe illness due to COVID-19 are more likely to be admitted to hospital and acquire bacterial co-infections, therefore the WHO recommends empiric treatment with antibiotics. Few reports have addressed the impact of COVID-19 management on emergence of nosocomial antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in resource constrained settings. This study aimed to ascertain whether being admitted to a COVID-19 ward (with COVID-19 infection) compared to a non-COVID-19 ward (as a COVID-19 negative patient) was associated with a change in the prevalence of bacterial hospital acquired infection (HAI) species or resistance patterns, and whether there were differences in antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) and infection prevention and control (IPC) guidelines between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 wards. The study was conducted in Sudan and Zambia, two resource constrained settings with differing country-wide responses to COVID-19. METHODS Patients suspected of having hospital acquired infections were recruited from COVID-19 wards and non-COVID-19 wards. Bacteria were isolated from clinical samples using culture and molecular methods and species identified. Phenotypic and genotypic resistance patterns were determined by antibiotic disc diffusion and whole genome sequencing. Infection prevention and control guidelines were analysed for COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 wards to identify potential differences. RESULTS 109 and 66 isolates were collected from Sudan and Zambia respectively. Phenotypic testing revealed significantly more multi-drug resistant isolates on COVID-19 wards in both countries (Sudan p = 0.0087, Zambia p = 0.0154). The total number of patients with hospital acquired infections (both susceptible and resistant) increased significantly on COVID-19 wards in Sudan, but the opposite was observed in Zambia (both p = ≤ 0.0001). Genotypic analysis showed significantly more β-lactam genes per isolate on COVID-19 wards (Sudan p = 0.0192, Zambia p = ≤ 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Changes in hospital acquired infections and AMR patterns were seen in COVID-19 patients on COVID-19 wards compared to COVID-19 negative patients on non-COVID-19 wards in Sudan and Zambia. These are likely due to a potentially complex combination of causes, including patient factors, but differing emphases on infection prevention and control, and antimicrobial stewardship policies on COVID-19 wards were highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linzy Elton
- Centre for Clinical Microbiology, University College London, London, UK.
| | | | - John Tembo
- HerpeZ, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Hana Elbadawi
- Institute for Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Mohammed H Abdelraheem
- Institute for Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
- Sudan Atomic Energy Commission, Nuclear Application in Biological Sciences, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Teresa Cullip
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Caren Kabanda
- HerpeZ, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Kerry Roulston
- Centre for Clinical Microbiology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Margaret J Thomason
- Centre for Clinical Microbiology, University College London, London, UK
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kamal Elhag
- Soba University Hospital, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | - Abdelsalam Adam
- Soba University Hospital, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | - Kapatiso Sikakena
- University Teaching Hospitals, Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases Unit, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Peter Matibula
- University Teaching Hospitals, Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases Unit, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Mwewa Kabaso
- University Teaching Hospitals, Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases Unit, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Ruth Nakazwe
- University Teaching Hospitals, Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases Unit, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Sombo Fwoloshi
- University Teaching Hospitals, Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases Unit, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Alimuddin Zumla
- Centre for Clinical Microbiology, University College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Timothy D McHugh
- Centre for Clinical Microbiology, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sannathimmappa MB, Nambiar V, Aravindakshan R, Muthusami J, Jacob A, Al Shafaee M. Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Perceived Benefits of Interventional Structured Infection Prevention and Control Training Module Introduced in the Undergraduate Medical Curricula. JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION & PROFESSIONALISM 2023; 11:120-129. [PMID: 37113685 PMCID: PMC10126708 DOI: 10.30476/jamp.2023.97218.1747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Assessing and improving infection prevention and control (IPC) knowledge and practicing skills among medical students who are the future medical practitioners is crucial for reducing the burden of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). In this study, we assessed the IPC knowledge of undergraduate clinical-year medical students before and after interventional IPC modular training and evaluated the effectiveness and students' perception on structured modular IPC training presented to them. METHODS This cross-sectional interventional study was conducted on single medical cohort comprising of 145 final-year undergraduate medical students of the academic year 2022-23 at COMHS. Pre-test, post-test, and feedback questionnaire were used as the assessing tools. The data were collected, entered into Excel sheet, and analyzed using SPSS software version 22. McNemar and Paired-T tests were carried out, and a p value<0.05 was considered significant. Feedback of the questionnaire was analyzed using 3 Point Likert Scale as agree, neutral, and disagree. RESULTS Overall, mean IPC knowledge scores after training (37.65±1.37) was significantly higher as compared to before training (25.13±4.51). Prior knowledge scores on certain aspects of IPC such as duration of hand washing, steps of hand washing, sequence of donning and doffing of PPE, use of N95 mask, and appropriate sharp and needle precautions, and biomedical waste management were varied from 13.6% to 65.6%. However, overall participants' knowledge (p value <0.001) on these aspects increased significantly after the training. The majority of the participants (>90%) perceived IPC training as an excellent tool to improve IPC knowledge and practicing skills. CONCLUSION IPC training had a significant impact in gaining adequate IPC knowledge and practicing skills among our participants. Therefore, it is recommended that IPC training should be implemented in the undergraduate medical curriculum with greater emphasis on practicing skills.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohan B Sannathimmappa
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Sohar Campus, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Vinod Nambiar
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Sohar Campus, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Rajeev Aravindakshan
- Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - John Muthusami
- Department of Surgery & Assistant Dean, Clinical affairs, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Sohar Campus, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ajith Jacob
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Rustaq Campus, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Mohammed Al Shafaee
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Sultanate of Oman
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Alameer A, Maslamani Y, Gosadi IM, Elamin MY, Muaddi MA, Alqassim AY, Doweri A, Namis I, Busayli F, Ahmadini H, Hejri Y, Dahlan A. Assessing Continuity of Adherence to Precautionary Measures for COVID-19 among Vaccinated People in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030800. [PMID: 36985372 PMCID: PMC10054566 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adherence to behavioral respiratory hygiene practices is essential in preventing the transmission of COVID-19, especially given the appearance of new variants of the COVID-19 virus. This study estimated the pre- and post-vaccination levels of adherence to COVID-19 preventive behavioral measures among vaccinated people. METHODS This cross-sectional study assessed the sociodemographics and preventive behavioral measures, and pre- and post-vaccination data, via a questionnaire. Paired t-tests and Chi-squared tests were used to assess the variation in adherence levels. RESULTS Of the 480 participants, 57.9% were male, and 30.4% were aged between 30 and 39 years of age. After vaccination, there was a statistically significant decline in adherence to all the assessed behavioral protective measures (p < 0.05). Being 50 years old or older, female, a healthcare worker, and a smoker were associated with higher adherence levels compared with other groups in the same categories. CONCLUSIONS A change in the behavior of the community members regarding COVID-19 after receiving the vaccination and a reduction in adherence to respiratory hygiene practices was observed. This indicates the importance of raising awareness about the possibility of reinfection with COVID-19 despite the vaccination, and the importance of behavioral respiratory hygiene for the prevention and control of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Alameer
- Public Health Administration, Jazan Health Directorate, Jazan 82611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya Maslamani
- Public Health Administration, Jazan Health Directorate, Jazan 82611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M Gosadi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Y Elamin
- Public Health Administration, Jazan Health Directorate, Jazan 82611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Muaddi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Y Alqassim
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abrar Doweri
- Public Health Administration, Jazan Health Directorate, Jazan 82611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Namis
- Endocrinology and Diabetic Center, Jazan Health Directorate, Jazan 82611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah Busayli
- Sabya General Hospital, Jazan Health Directorate, Jazan 82611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussam Ahmadini
- Public Health Administration, Jazan Health Directorate, Jazan 82611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yehya Hejri
- Public Health Administration, Jazan Health Directorate, Jazan 82611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdu Dahlan
- Public Health Administration, Jazan Health Directorate, Jazan 82611, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Yoo S, Gulbransen-Diaz N, Parker C, Wang AP. Designing Digital COVID-19 Screening: Insights and Deliberations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3899. [PMID: 36900909 PMCID: PMC10001447 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Due to the global COVID-19 pandemic, public health control and screening measures have been introduced at healthcare facilities, including those housing our most vulnerable populations. These warning measures situated at hospital entrances are presently labour-intensive, requiring additional staff to conduct manual temperature checks and risk-assessment questionnaires of every individual entering the premises. To make this process more efficient, we present eGate, a digital COVID-19 health-screening smart Internet of Things system deployed at multiple entry points around a children's hospital. This paper reports on design insights based on the experiences of concierge screening staff stationed alongside the eGate system. Our work contributes towards social-technical deliberations on how to improve design and deploy of digital health-screening systems in hospitals. It specifically outlines a series of design recommendations for future health screening interventions, key considerations relevant to digital screening control systems and their implementation, and the plausible effects on the staff who work alongside them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soojeong Yoo
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS), University College London, London W1W 7TY, UK
| | - Natalia Gulbransen-Diaz
- School of Architecture, Planning and Design, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Callum Parker
- School of Architecture, Planning and Design, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Audrey P. Wang
- Biomedical Informatics and Digital Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- DHI Laboratory, Research Education Network, Western Sydney Local Health District, Westmead Health Precinct, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Horn-Lodewyk J, Wainwright T, Lessing KC, Otto D, Fourie JH. Optimal home and hospital laundering of reusable surgical scrubs: Systematic literature review. Health SA 2023. [DOI: 10.4102/hsag.v28i0.2097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
|
42
|
Fitria N, Yulianita H, Sugiharto F, Astari DW, Eriyani T. The Factors Associated With Performance Among Infection Prevention and Control Linked Nurse During Covid-19 Pandemic. SAGE Open Nurs 2023; 9:23779608231193911. [PMID: 37559924 PMCID: PMC10408327 DOI: 10.1177/23779608231193911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Infection Prevention and Control Linked Nurses (IPCLN) are the spearhead of implementing the Infection Control Prevention Program. The performance of nurses in preventing and controlling infections during the Covid-19 pandemic greatly influenced the quality of services. Objective This study aimed to determine the factors that influence the performance of IPCLN during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods Cross-sectional study was performed on 34 nurses at Cicendo Eye Hospital with a total sampling technique. The questionnaire in this study included knowledge, motivation, supervision, and the performance of nurses which had previously been tested with these characteristics with a result of Cronbach's alpha of 0.75. Data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses. Results The mean score of IPCLN knowledge in this study was 14.82 ± 4.01, motivation 92.47 ± 15.85, supervision 34.74 ± 5.89, and performance 7.94 ± 2.71. There is a relationship between knowledge (p = .000), motivation (p = .000), and supervision (p = .000) on nurse performance. Motivation is the dominant factor influencing IPCLN performance compared to knowledge and supervision (Stand. Estimate = 0.5121; 95% CI = 0.1301-0.487; p < .001). Conclusion Motivation is a dominant factor in IPCLN performance in this study. However, hospital management needs to maximize and make policies to improve IPCLN performance in terms of motivation. These policies can be through providing incentives for nurses, developing free continuing education programs, and issuing funds for nursing education scholarships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nita Fitria
- Department of Fundamental Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Henny Yulianita
- Department of Fundamental Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Theresia Eriyani
- Department of Fundamental Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Burnett E, Cooper T, Wares K, Wigglesworth N, Chiwera L, Settle C, Robinson J. Designing an optimal infection prevention service: Part 1. J Infect Prev 2023; 24:3-10. [PMID: 36644524 PMCID: PMC9834424 DOI: 10.1177/17571774221127695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) pose a significant threat to the health and safety of patients, staff, and visitors. Infection prevention and control (IPC) teams play a crucial role in ensuring that systems and processes are in place to keep everyone safe within the healthcare environment. Aim The aim of this study was to identify components of infection prevention services, priorities, indicators of successes and how they are measured, and facilitators and barriers to success. Methods A survey questionnaire was developed and circulated to infection prevention leaders and managers. Findings/results Seventy IPC leaders/managers completed the survey. Participants were responsible for a range of IPC services within and across healthcare organisations, with significant variations to IPC delivery components. Additionally, a range of budget availability was reported. Several IPC service requirements were considered core work of IPC teams, including providing IPC advice and support, surveillance and audit and education and training. Discussion An optimal IPC service needs to be in place to ensure HCAIs are minimised or prevented. In a post pandemic era, this is more important than ever before. This is also as crucial for the health and wellbeing of those working in IPC, who have endured unprecedented demand for their services during the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Burnett
- Health Sciences, Fatima College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tracey Cooper
- Infection Prevention, Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester, UK
| | | | | | | | - Chris Settle
- South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust, South Shields, UK
| | - Jude Robinson
- Infection prevention and Control, NHS England-Midlands, Nottinghamshire, UK
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Arns B, Agani CAJO, Sesin GP, Horvath JDC, Fogazzi DV, Romeiro Silva FK, Costa LS, Pereira AJ, Nassar Junior AP, Cavalcanti BT, Dietrich C, Veiga VC, Catarino DG, Cheno MY, Biasi A, Ferronatto BR, Bassetti BR, Fernandes CCF, Deutschendorf C, Grion CMC, Vidal CFDL, de Oliveira CD, Caser EB, Boschi E, Silva EM, Pizzol FD, Urbano HCDA, Silva I, Maia IS, Rego LRDM, Oliveira LP, Tavares MB, Dracoulakis MDA, Bainy MP, Golin NA, Tomba PO, Kurtz PMP, Foernges RB, Prestes RM, de Melo RMV, Da Silva RR, Toledo TGP, Lima VP, Fernandes VDF, Lovato WJ, Zavascki AP. Evaluation of the characteristics of infection prevention and control programs and infection control committees in Brazilian hospitals: A countrywide cross-sectional study. ANTIMICROBIAL STEWARDSHIP & HEALTHCARE EPIDEMIOLOGY : ASHE 2023; 3:e79. [PMID: 37179767 PMCID: PMC10173283 DOI: 10.1017/ash.2023.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective Data are scarce regarding hospital infection control committees and compliance with infection prevention and control (IPC) recommendations in Brazil, a country of continental dimensions. We assessed the main characteristics of infection control committees (ICCs) on healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in Brazilian hospitals. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in ICCs of public and private hospitals distributed across all Brazilian regions. Data were collected directly from the ICC staff by completing an online questionnaire and during on-site visits through face-to-face interviews. Results In total, 53 Brazilian hospitals were evaluated from October 2019 to December 2020. All hospitals had implemented the IPC core components in their programs. All centers had protocols for the prevention and control of ventilator-associated pneumonia as well as bloodstream, surgical site, and catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Most hospitals (80%) had no budget specifically allocated to the IPC program; 34% of the laundry staff had received specific IPC training; and only 7.5% of hospitals reported occupational infections in healthcare workers. Conclusions In this sample, most ICCs complied with the minimum requirements for IPC programs. The main limitation regarding ICCs was the lack of financial support. The findings of this survey support the development of strategic plans to improve IPCs in Brazilian hospitals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Arns
- Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Author for correspondence: Beatriz Arns, MD, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 630, sala 815. Bairro Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre - RS, Brazil. E-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Emerson Boschi
- Hospital Geral de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Iany Silva
- Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São João Del Rei, São João del Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Israel Silva Maia
- HCor Research Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital Nereu Ramos, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Marina Peres Bainy
- Hospital Escola Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Pablo Oscar Tomba
- Hospital do Cancer Barretos, Unidade Jales, Jales, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Valéria Paes Lima
- Hospital Universitário de Brasília, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | | | - Wilson José Lovato
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Prehn Zavascki
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
O'Connor M, McNamara C, Doody O. Healthcare workers' experiences of caring for patients colonized with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) in an acute hospital setting - a scoping review. J Hosp Infect 2023; 131:181-189. [PMID: 36347399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2022.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) is an increasing public health concern; these bacteria are highly transmissible in hospital environments and the number of patients with these multidrug-resistant bacteria is rising. Healthcare workers caring for patients colonized with CPE offer insight into care delivery and processes in the hospital setting. The aim of this review was to explore healthcare workers' experiences of caring for patients colonized with CPE. A scoping review method was employed and seven electronic databases (CINAHL, Academic Search Complete, Cochrane, Embase, Medline, Web of Science and Scopus) and four grey literature databases (Open Grey, Grey Literature Report, Clinical trials. gov and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform) were searched using specific search terms and inclusion/exclusion criteria. A PRISMA flow diagram was used to illustrate the process of article selection and thematic analysis used to form themes. Three studies met the criteria to be included in this review. Two main themes were identified from analysing the articles: 'Safeguarding' and 'Power of Knowledge'. The desire to protect themselves, their families and patients was evident from the studies. Healthcare workers were aware of the importance on infection prevention and control measures such as hand hygiene, in preventing the transmission of CPE, however barriers to these were identified, such as time constraints. In conclusion, healthcare workers have negative associations when it comes to caring for patients with CPE. Very little research has been conducted in the area and there is an opportunity to further explore the experience of healthcare workers caring for patients with CPE to identify opportunities for improvement and support of staff.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M O'Connor
- Infection Prevention and Control, University Hospital, Limerick, Ireland
| | - C McNamara
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - O Doody
- Health Research Institute, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Alyahya MS, Momani S, Alolayyan MN, Khader YS. Workplace policies and quality of working life (QoWL) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Jordanian hospitals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RISK & SAFETY IN MEDICINE 2023; 34:101-119. [PMID: 37154188 DOI: 10.3233/jrs-220039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many healthcare organizations place a high value on quality of work-life (QoWL). The healthcare system's long-term sustainability and capability to offer high-quality services to patients depend on improving QoWL for their healthcare workers. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to explore the impact of Jordanian hospitals' workplace policies and measures in three main domains: (I) Infection prevention and control (IPC) measures, (II) Supply of personal protective equipment (PPE), and (III) COVID-19 precautionary measures on the QoWL among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted from May to June 2021 through an online self-reported questionnaire (Google Form) targeting hospital healthcare professionals working at Jordanian hospitals (public, private, military, and university). The study used a valid work-related quality of life (WRQoL) scale to study the QoWL. RESULTS A total of 484 HCWs in Jordanian hospitals participated in the study with a mean age of (34.8 ± 8.28 years). 57.6% of the respondents were females. 66.1% were married, with 61.6% having children at home. An average QoWL among healthcare workers in Jordanian hospitals during the pandemic was observed. The study results also showed a significant positive correlation between workplace policies (IPC measures, supply of PPE, and COVID-19 preventive measures) and the WRQoL among healthcare workers. CONCLUSION Our findings highlighted the vital need for QoWL and psychological well-being support services for healthcare staff during pandemics. Improved IPC systems and other precautionary measures at the national and hospital management levels are required to help minimize the stress and fear that healthcare workers experience and lower the risk of COVID-19 and future pandemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S Alyahya
- Department of Health Management and Policy, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Salam Momani
- Department of Health Management and Policy, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Main Naser Alolayyan
- Department of Health Management and Policy, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Yousef S Khader
- Department of Community Medicine, Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Thandar MM, Rahman MO, Haruyama R, Matsuoka S, Okawa S, Moriyama J, Yokobori Y, Matsubara C, Nagai M, Ota E, Baba T. Effectiveness of Infection Control Teams in Reducing Healthcare-Associated Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:17075. [PMID: 36554953 PMCID: PMC9779570 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192417075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The infection control team (ICT) ensures the implementation of infection control guidelines in healthcare facilities. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of ICT, with or without an infection control link nurse (ICLN) system, in reducing healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs). We searched four databases to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in inpatient, outpatient and long-term care facilities. We judged the quality of the studies, conducted meta-analyses whenever interventions and outcome measures were comparable in at least two studies, and assessed the certainty of evidence. Nine RCTs were included; all were rated as being low quality. Overall, ICT, with or without an ICLN system, did not reduce the incidence rate of HCAIs [risk ratio (RR) = 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.45-1.07], death due to HCAIs (RR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.04-2.69) and length of hospital stay (42 days vs. 45 days, p = 0.52). However, ICT with an ICLN system improved nurses' compliance with infection control practices (RR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.00-1.38). Due to the high level of bias, inconsistency and imprecision, these findings should be considered with caution. High-quality studies using similar outcome measures are needed to demonstrate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of ICT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moe Moe Thandar
- Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Md. Obaidur Rahman
- Center for Surveillance, Immunization, and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Rei Haruyama
- Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Sadatoshi Matsuoka
- Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Sumiyo Okawa
- Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Jun Moriyama
- Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Yuta Yokobori
- Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Chieko Matsubara
- Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Mari Nagai
- Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Erika Ota
- Global Health Nursing, Graduate School of Nursing Sciences, St. Luke’s International University, Tokyo 104-0044, Japan
- Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research, Minato, Tokyo 106-0032, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Baba
- Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Berdida DJE. Nursing staff compliance and adherence to standard precautions during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Nurs Health Sci 2022; 25:108-119. [PMID: 36444675 PMCID: PMC9877827 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the compliance and adherence of nursing staff (nurses, nursing assistants, and midwives) to standard precautions (SPs). A cross-sectional design while adhering to STROBE guidelines was used for this study. Nursing staff from a government tertiary hospital (n = 515) were recruited and completed the Compliance with Standard Precautions Scale (CSPS) and Factors Influencing Adherence to Standard Precautions Scale (FIASPS). Analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation, and linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The overall average compliance with the SPs of the nursing staff was suboptimal, and the disposal of sharps domain had the lowest compliance. Nurses were more compliant with sharps disposal, and nursing assistants with waste disposal. Contextual cues were the most influential factor influencing participants' adherence to SPs. All CSPS domains were significantly correlated with the Contextual cues factor of the FIASPS. Finally, service years and educational attainment were significant predictors of SPs adherence. The findings underscore the organization's critical responsibility for actively enforcing policies using monitoring systems and contextual cues in the workplace to ensure staff compliance and adherence with SPs.
Collapse
|
49
|
Bahegwa RP, Hussein AK, Kishimba R, Hokororo J, German C, Ngowi R, Eliakimu E, Ngasala B. Factors affecting compliance with infection prevention and control standard precautions among healthcare workers in Songwe region, Tanzania. Infect Prev Pract 2022; 4:100236. [PMID: 36052313 PMCID: PMC9424571 DOI: 10.1016/j.infpip.2022.100236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Compliance with infection prevention and control standard precautions (IPCSPs) remains a major challenge in many countries including Tanzania. Lack of compliance exposes healthcare workers (HCWs) and patients to a high risk of developing healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) including antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms which can contribute to the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study investigated compliance with IPCSPs and associated factors among HCWs in public healthcare facilities (HFs) in Songwe Region, Tanzania between January and March 2021. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in all 5 districts in Songwe Region, involved 400 HCWs from difference healthcare facilities (HFs) including dispensaries, health centres and hospitals. The Compliance with Standard Precautions scale (CSPS) tool developed by WHO was used. Descriptive and modified Poisson regression analysis was done. A P-value of less than 0.05 indicated statistical significance. Results Only 22.5% (90/400) of HCWs had high compliance (above 80%) to IPCSPs. The majority of HCWs reported highest compliance on discarding used needles/sharps into sharps containers (94%), the lowest IPCSPs compliance was for the correct handling of spills, taking a shower after extensive splashing and not re-using disposable masks, 8%, 28.5% and 34% respectively. Attending IPC training or an IPC seminar in the previous year (ARR=2.97 [1.87–4.72] P<0.001), the number of years of work experience (ARR=2.08 [1.22–3.54] P=0.007), and having experienced a needlestick injury (ARR=0.62 [0.40–0.95] P=0.028), were identified as predictors of HCWs compliance with IPCSPs. Conclusion The majority of HCWs in Songwe region had low compliance with IPCSPs according to national standards. IPC training and the number of years of work experience predicted high compliance with IPCSPs. Capacity building initiatives, mentorship and supportive supervision should be emphasised for all HCWs in all HFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radenta P Bahegwa
- Tanzania Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Ministry of Health, Dodoma, Tanzania.,Ministry of Health, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Ally K Hussein
- Tanzania Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Ministry of Health, Dodoma, Tanzania.,Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Rogath Kishimba
- Tanzania Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Ministry of Health, Dodoma, Tanzania.,Ministry of Health, Dodoma, Tanzania.,Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | | | | | | | - Billy Ngasala
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Bonde JPE, Sell L, Johan Høy JH, Begtrup LM, Flachs EM, Jakobsson K, Nielsen C, Nilsson K, Rylander L, Petersen KU, Tøttenborg SS. Occupational risk of COVID-19 across pandemic waves: a two-year national follow-up study of hospital admissions. Scand J Work Environ Health 2022; 48:672-677. [PMID: 36107639 PMCID: PMC10546612 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.4056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assuming that preventive measures to mitigate viral transmission of SARS-CoV-2 at the workplace may have been improved in the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, we examined the occupational risk of COVID-19 related hospital admission across the four pandemic waves in Denmark between week 8, 2020, and week 50, 2021. METHODS The study included 4416 cases of COVID-19 related hospital admissions among 2.4 million Danish employees aged 20-69 with follow-up in 2020 through 2021. At-risk industrial sectors and a reference population were defined a priory by a job-exposure matrix on occupational risk for COVID-19. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) and potential effect modification by pandemic wave were computed with Poisson regression adjusted for demographic, social and health factors including completed COVID-19 vaccination. RESULTS We observed an overall elevated relative risk in four of six at-risk industrial sectors, but the pandemic wave only modified the risk among healthcare employees, where the excess risk from a high initial level declined to background levels during the latest waves in models not adjusting for COVID-19 vaccination. In social care, education and transport, the elevated risk was not modified by pandemic wave. CONCLUSION Danish healthcare employees were to some extent protected against occupational transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during the two last pandemic waves even though the absolute risk conferred by occupation may not have been eliminated. Early vaccination of this group seems not to be the only explanation. The risk in other sectors remained elevated indicating a need to revisit preventive measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Peter Ellekilde Bonde
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, DK-Copenhagen 2400 NV, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|