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Zhang L, Yin Z, Liu X, Jin G, Wang Y, He L, Li M, Pang X, Yan B, Jia Z, Ma J, Wei J, Cheng F, Li D, Wang L, Han Z, Liu Q, Chen F, Cao H, Lei P. Dietary emulsifier polysorbate 80 exposure accelerates age-related cognitive decline. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 119:171-187. [PMID: 38565398 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut microbial homeostasis is crucial for the health of cognition in elderly. Previous study revealed that polysorbate 80 (P80) as a widely used emulsifier in food industries and pharmaceutical formulations could directly alter the human gut microbiota compositions. However, whether long-term exposure to P80 could accelerate age-related cognitive decline via gut-brain axis is still unknown. Accordingly, in this study, we used the senescence accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mouse model to investigate the effects of the emulsifier P80 intake (1 % P80 in drinking water for 12 weeks) on gut microbiota and cognitive function. Our results indicated that P80 intake significantly exacerbated cognitive decline in SAMP8 mice, along with increased brain pathological proteins deposition, disruption of the blood-brain barrier and activation of microglia and neurotoxic astrocytes. Besides, P80 intake could also induce gut microbiota dysbiosis, especially the increased abundance of secondary bile acids producing bacteria, such as Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Clostridium scindens. Moreover, fecal microbiota transplantation from P80 mice into 16-week-old SAMP8 mice could also exacerbated cognitive decline, microglia activation and intestinal barrier impairment. Intriguingly, the alterations of gut microbial composition significantly affected bile acid metabolism profiles after P80 exposure, with markedly elevated levels of deoxycholic acid (DCA) in serum and brain tissue. Mechanically, DCA could activate microglial and promote senescence-associated secretory phenotype production through adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) importing lysosomal cholesterol. Altogether, the emulsifier P80 accelerated cognitive decline of aging mice by inducing gut dysbiosis, bile acid metabolism alteration, intestinal barrier and blood brain barrier disruption as well as neuroinflammation. This study provides strong evidence that dietary-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis may be a risk factor for age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhang
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenyu Yin
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xilei Liu
- Tianjin Neurological Institution, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ge Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Linlin He
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Meimei Li
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoqi Pang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Yan
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zexi Jia
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiahui Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingge Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Fangyuan Cheng
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Dai Li
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaoli Han
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease Laboratory, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fanglian Chen
- Tianjin Neurological Institution, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Hailong Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China.
| | - Ping Lei
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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Panyod S, Wu WK, Chang CT, Wada N, Ho HC, Lo YL, Tsai SP, Chen RA, Huang HS, Liu PY, Chen YH, Chuang HL, Shen TCD, Tang SL, Ho CT, Wu MS, Sheen LY. Common dietary emulsifiers promote metabolic disorders and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in mice. Commun Biol 2024; 7:749. [PMID: 38902371 PMCID: PMC11190199 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06224-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary emulsifiers are linked to various diseases. The recent discovery of the role of gut microbiota-host interactions on health and disease warrants the safety reassessment of dietary emulsifiers through the lens of gut microbiota. Lecithin, sucrose fatty acid esters, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), and mono- and diglycerides (MDG) emulsifiers are common dietary emulsifiers with high exposure levels in the population. This study demonstrates that sucrose fatty acid esters and carboxymethylcellulose induce hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in a mouse model. Lecithin, sucrose fatty acid esters, and CMC disrupt glucose homeostasis in the in vitro insulin-resistance model. MDG impairs circulating lipid and glucose metabolism. All emulsifiers change the intestinal microbiota diversity and induce gut microbiota dysbiosis. Lecithin, sucrose fatty acid esters, and CMC do not impact mucus-bacterial interactions, whereas MDG tends to cause bacterial encroachment into the inner mucus layer and enhance inflammation potential by raising circulating lipopolysaccharide. Our findings demonstrate the safety concerns associated with using dietary emulsifiers, suggesting that they could lead to metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraphan Panyod
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Center for Food and Biomolecules, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Kai Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Bachelor Program of Biotechnology and Food Nutrition, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Ting Chang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Naohisa Wada
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Han-Chen Ho
- Department of Anatomy, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ling Lo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sing-Ping Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Rou-An Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Huai-Syuan Huang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Po-Yu Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Hsun Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiao-Li Chuang
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ting-Chin David Shen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sen-Lin Tang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Lee-Yan Sheen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
- Center for Food and Biomolecules, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
- National Center for Food Safety Education and Research, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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Qoms MS, Arulrajah B, Wan Ibadullah WZ, Ramli NS, Chau DM, Sarbini SR, Saari N. Performance of Azolla pinnata fern protein hydrolysates as an emulsifier and nutraceutical ingredient in an O/W emulsion system and their effect on human gut microbiota and mammalian cells. Food Funct 2024; 15:6578-6596. [PMID: 38809119 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00377b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the dual potential of Azolla pinnata fern protein hydrolysates (AFPHs) as functional and nutraceutical ingredients in an oil/water emulsion system. The AFPH-stabilised emulsion (AFPH-E) displayed a small and uniform droplet distribution and was stable to aggregation and creaming over a wide range of pH (5-8), salt concentrations ≤ 100 mM, and heat treatment ≤ 70 °C. Besides, the AFPH-E possessed and maintained strong biological activities, including antihypertensive, antidiabetic, and antioxidant, under different food processing conditions (pH 5-8; NaCl: 50-150 mM, and heat treatment: 30-100 °C). Following in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, the antihypertensive and antioxidant activities were unchanged, while a notable increase of 8% was observed for DPPH. However, the antidiabetic activities were partially reduced in the range of 5-11%. Notably, AFPH-E modulated the gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria, particularly Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli, along with increased SCFA acetate, propionate, and butyrate. Also, AFPH-E up to 10 mg mL-1 did not affect the proliferation of the normal colon cells. In the current work, AFPH demonstrated dual functionality as a plant-based emulsifier with strong biological activities in an oil/water emulsion system and promoted healthy changes in the human gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Qoms
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Brisha Arulrajah
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Wan Zunairah Wan Ibadullah
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Nurul Shazini Ramli
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - De-Ming Chau
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shahrul Razid Sarbini
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Bintulu Campus, Malaysia
| | - Nazamid Saari
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Woelfel S, Silva MS, Stecher B. Intestinal colonization resistance in the context of environmental, host, and microbial determinants. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:820-836. [PMID: 38870899 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Microbial communities that colonize the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract defend against pathogens through a mechanism known as colonization resistance (CR). Advances in technologies such as next-generation sequencing, gnotobiotic mouse models, and bacterial cultivation have enhanced our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and the intricate microbial interactions involved in CR. Rather than being attributed to specific microbial clades, CR is now understood to arise from a dynamic interplay between microbes and the host and is shaped by metabolic, immune, and environmental factors. This evolving perspective underscores the significance of contextual factors, encompassing microbiome composition and host conditions, in determining CR. This review highlights recent research that has shifted its focus toward elucidating how these factors interact to either promote or impede enteric infections. It further discusses future research directions to unravel the complex relationship between host, microbiota, and environmental determinants in safeguarding against GI infections to promote human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Woelfel
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute for Hygiene and Clinical Microbiology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Marta Salvado Silva
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute for Hygiene and Clinical Microbiology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Bärbel Stecher
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute for Hygiene and Clinical Microbiology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Kimilu N, Gładyś-Cieszyńska K, Pieszko M, Mańkowska-Wierzbicka D, Folwarski M. Carrageenan in the Diet: Friend or Foe for Inflammatory Bowel Disease? Nutrients 2024; 16:1780. [PMID: 38892712 PMCID: PMC11174395 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
While the exact pathogenesis of IBD remains unclear, genetic, environmental and nutritional factors as well as the composition of the gut microbiome play crucial roles. Food additives, which are increasingly consumed in the Western diet, are being investigated for their potential effects on IBD. These additives can affect gut health by altering the composition of the microbiota, immune responses, and intestinal permeability, contributing to autoimmune diseases and inflammation. Despite the growing number of studies on food additives and IBD, the specific effects of carrageenan have not yet been sufficiently researched. This review addresses this gap by critically analyzing recent studies on the effects of carrageenan on the gut microbiota, intestinal permeability, and inflammatory processes. We searched the MEDLINE and SCOPUS databases using the following terms: carrageenan, carrageenan and inflammatory bowel disease, carrageenan and cancer, food additives and microbiome, food additives and intestinal permeability, and food additives and autoimmune diseases. In animal studies, degraded carrageenan has been shown to trigger intestinal ulceration and inflammation, highlighting its potential risk for exacerbating IBD. It can affect the gut microbiota, reduce bacterial diversity, and increase intestinal permeability, contributing to "leaky gut" syndrome. Some studies suggest that carrageenan may inhibit the growth of cancer cells by influencing the progression of the cell cycle, but the anti-cancer effect is still unclear. Carrageenan may also increase glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Further research is needed to determine whether carrageenan should be excluded from the diet of individuals with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kimilu
- Students’ Scientific Circle of Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Pieszko
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland (M.P.)
| | - Dorota Mańkowska-Wierzbicka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Folwarski
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland (M.P.)
- Home Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Unit, Nicolaus Copernicus Hospital, 80-803 Gdansk, Poland
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Whelan K, Bancil AS, Lindsay JO, Chassaing B. Ultra-processed foods and food additives in gut health and disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:406-427. [PMID: 38388570 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00893-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) and food additives have become ubiquitous components of the modern human diet. There is increasing evidence of an association between diets rich in UPFs and gut disease, including inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer and irritable bowel syndrome. Food additives are added to many UPFs and have themselves been shown to affect gut health. For example, evidence shows that some emulsifiers, sweeteners, colours, and microparticles and nanoparticles have effects on a range of outcomes, including the gut microbiome, intestinal permeability and intestinal inflammation. Broadly speaking, evidence for the effect of UPFs on gut disease comes from observational epidemiological studies, whereas, by contrast, evidence for the effect of food additives comes largely from preclinical studies conducted in vitro or in animal models. Fewer studies have investigated the effect of UPFs or food additives on gut health and disease in human intervention studies. Hence, the aim of this article is to critically review the evidence for the effects of UPF and food additives on gut health and disease and to discuss the clinical application of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Whelan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Aaron S Bancil
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - James O Lindsay
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and the London School of Medicine, London, UK
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Meine GC, Picon RV, Espírito Santo PA, Sander GB. Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Gastrointestinal Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2024; 119:1056-1065. [PMID: 38832708 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000002826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ultra-processed food (UPF) intake has been associated with a higher risk of obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. The initial data on the relationship between UPF consumption and cancer risk were derived from retrospective observational studies with conflicting results. This systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies aimed to investigate the association between UPF consumption and gastrointestinal cancer risk. METHODS PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for prospective cohort studies that compared the highest vs the lowest level of UPF consumption according to NOVA food classification and reported the risk of gastrointestinal cancers by subsite. The association with cancer was quantified as hazard ratios (HR) using a random-effects model. RESULTS Five prospective cohort studies were included in this review comprising 1,128,243 participants (241,201 participants in the highest and 223,366 in the lowest levels of UPF consumption). The mean follow-up ranged from 5.4 to 28 years. The highest UPF consumption was significantly associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (HR 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-1.21; P = 0.01; I2 = 31%), colon cancer (HR 1.12; 95% CI 1.02-1.23; P = 0.02; I2 = 0%), and non-cardia gastric cancer (HR 1.43; 95% CI 1.02-2.00; P = 0.04; I2 = 0%) compared with the lowest UPF intake. However, no association was found between high UPF consumption and hepatocellular, esophageal, pancreatic, gastric cardia, and rectal cancer. DISCUSSION The highest level of UPF consumption was significantly associated with colorectal and non-cardia gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilmara Coelho Meine
- Program of Graduate Science in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Veiga Picon
- Program of Graduate Science in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Becker Sander
- Program of Graduate Science in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Park H, Lee Y, Hwang J, Lee Y. Ultra-processed food consumption and increased risk of metabolic syndrome in Korean adults: A cross-sectional analysis of the KNHANES 2016-2020. Nutrition 2024; 122:112374. [PMID: 38430845 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the association between ultra-processed food (UPF) intake and the risk for metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korean adults. METHODS The study consisted of 22 688 Korean adults ≥19 y of age from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2016-2020. The NOVA classification categorizes foods according to the nature, extent, and purpose of industrial processing. MetS was defined based on the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria and a modified waist circumference cut-off for Korean adults. We estimated the usual percent total food intake from UPFs. We used multivariate logistic regression to assess the association between UPFs and risk for MetS, adjusted for age, sex, education level, income level, smoking status, alcohol drinking, physical activity, and total energy intake. We further analyzed the association of UPFs with each component of MetS. RESULTS The median usual percent total food intake from UPFs was 22%, and the midpoint of intake ranged from 3% (quartile 1) to 48% (quartile 4). The group with the highest UPF consumption had a 19% higher risk for developing MetS than the lowest quartile of UPF consumption (odds ratio [OR],1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-1.33; Ptrend = 0.006). In analysis of the relationship between UPF intake and MetS components, a higher UPF was associated with an increased risk for hypertension (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.01-1.26; Ptrend = 0.037) and abdominal obesity (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.07-1.33; Ptrend = 0.001), but had no significant association with other components (hyperglycemia, hypertriacylglycerolmia, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, all P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Higher UPF contribution to total daily food intake is associated with an increased risk for MetS, particularly with a higher risk for hypertension and abdominal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansol Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Myongji University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Youngmi Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Myongji University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Jinah Hwang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Myongji University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Yujin Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Myongji University, Yongin, Korea.
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Bravo-Núñez Á, Salvia-Trujillo L, Halimi C, Martín-Belloso O, Reboul E. Combination of legume proteins and arabinoxylans are efficient emulsifiers to promote vitamin E bioaccessibility during digestion. Food Chem 2024; 455:139820. [PMID: 38917656 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The emulsification potential of plant-based emulsifiers, that is, pea (PPI) and lentil (LPI) proteins (4%), corn arabinoxylans (CAX, 1%), and legume protein-arabinoxylan mixtures (4% proteins + 0.15 or 0.9% CAX), was evaluated by assessing: the surface tension and potential of emulsifiers, emulsifier antinutritional contents, emulsion droplet size, emulsion physical stability, and vitamin E bioaccessibility from 10% oil-in-water emulsions. Tween 80 (2%) was used as a control. All emulsions presented small droplet sizes, both fresh and upon storage, except 4% LPI + 0.9% CAX emulsion that exhibited bigger droplet sizes (d(4,3) of approximately 18.76 μm vs 0.59 μm for the control) because of droplet bridging. Vitamin E bioaccessibility from emulsions stabilized with the combination of 4% PPI and either 0.15% or 0.9% CAX (28 ± 4.48% and 28.42 ± 3.87%, respectively) was not significantly different from that of emulsions stabilized with Tween 80 (43.56 ± 3.71%), whereas vitamin E bioaccessibility from emulsions stabilized with individual emulsifiers was significantly lower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Bravo-Núñez
- Aix Marseille University, INRAE, INSERM, C2VN, Marseille, France; University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Laura Salvia-Trujillo
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Science, University of Lleida, Avda. Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain; Agrotecnio - CERCA Center, Av. Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Charlotte Halimi
- Aix Marseille University, INRAE, INSERM, C2VN, Marseille, France.
| | - Olga Martín-Belloso
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Science, University of Lleida, Avda. Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain; Agrotecnio - CERCA Center, Av. Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
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Adolph TE, Meyer M, Jukic A, Tilg H. Heavy arch: from inflammatory bowel diseases to metabolic disorders. Gut 2024:gutjnl-2024-331914. [PMID: 38777571 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2024-331914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic disorders and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have captured the globe during Westernisation of lifestyle and related dietary habits over the last decades. Both disease entities are characterised by complex and heterogeneous clinical spectra linked to distinct symptoms and organ systems which, on a first glimpse, do not have many commonalities in clinical practice. However, experimental studies indicate a common backbone of inflammatory mechanisms in metabolic diseases and gut inflammation, and emerging clinical evidence suggests an intricate interplay between metabolic disorders and IBD. OBJECTIVE We depict parallels of IBD and metabolic diseases, easily overlooked in clinical routine. DESIGN We provide an overview of the recent literature and discuss implications of metabolic morbidity in patients with IBD for researchers, clinicians and healthcare providers. CONCLUSION The Western lifestyle and diet and related gut microbial perturbation serve as a fuel for metabolic inflammation in and beyond the gut. Metabolic disorders and the metabolic syndrome increasingly affect patients with IBD, with an expected negative impact for both disease entities and risk for complications. This concept implies that tackling the obesity pandemic exerts beneficial effects beyond metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timon E Adolph
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Moritz Meyer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Almina Jukic
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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11
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Xie E, Chen Y, Yang W, Pan Q, Zheng Shen J, Zhou F, Shen J, Li T, Li Q, Li X. Long-term exposure to dietary emulsifier Tween 80 promotes liver lipid accumulation and induces different-grade inflammation in young and aged mice. Food Res Int 2024; 184:114205. [PMID: 38609253 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
With the advent of industrialization, there has been a substantial increase in the production and consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs). These processed foods often contain artificially synthesized additives, such as emulsifiers. Emulsifiers constitute approximately half of the total amount of food additives, with Tween 80 being a commonly used emulsifier in the food industry. Concurrently, China is undergoing significant demographic changes, transitioning into an aging society. Despite this demographic shift, there is insufficient research on the health implications of food emulsifiers, particularly on the elderly population. In this study, we present novel findings indicating that even at low concentrations, Tween 80 suppressed the viability of multiple cell types. Prolonged in vivo exposure to 1 % Tween 80 in drinking water induced liver lipid accumulation and insulin resistance in young adult mice under a regular chow diet. Intriguingly, in mice with high-fat diet (HFD) induced metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), this inductive effect was masked. In aged mice, liver lipid accumulation was replicated under prolonged Tween 80 exposure. We further revealed that Tween 80 induced inflammation in both adult and aged mice, with a more pronounced inflammation in aged mice. In conclusion, our study provides compelling evidence that Tween 80 could contribute to a low-grade inflammation and liver lipid accumulation. These findings underscore the need for increasing attention regarding the consumption of UPFs with Tween 80 as the emulsifier, particularly in the elderly consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enjun Xie
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunmei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wanbao Yang
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States
| | - Quan Pan
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States
| | - James Zheng Shen
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States
| | - Fenghua Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Li
- Food Science and Nutrition Center, Hunan Agricultural Products Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Qili Li
- Food Science and Nutrition Center, Hunan Agricultural Products Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Food Science and Nutrition Center, Hunan Agricultural Products Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China.
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12
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Mandouh MI, Shaheed IB, Bionaz M, Elolimy AA, Mansour HA, Mohamed SA, El-Attrouny MM, Farid OAA, Mousa MR, Abdelatty AM. Dietary hydrolyzed soya lecithin affects feed intake, abundance of bacteria in the caecum, fatty acid composition and area of adipocytes in pre-mating primiparous V-line female rabbit. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:557-565. [PMID: 38091274 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the effect of hydrolyzed soya lecithin; also called lysolecithin or lysophosphatidylcholine, on growth performance, caecal microbiota and fat depots in pre-breeding primiparous rabbits does. For this, 60 V-Line primiparous rabbits does (5-6 months) were used in a 30-day experiment. Does were allotted into three iso-nitrogenous iso-caloric dietary treatments (n = 20/group) as follows: (1) CON received 0% soya lecithin, (2) LECL group was fed a basal diet supplemented with 0.5% soya lecithin and (3) LECH group was fed a basal diet supplemented with 1% soya lecithin. Growth performance indices were measured, caecum samples were collected for measurement of specific bacteria via qPCR, and several fat depots including periovarian fat were sampled for adipocyte morphometry and fatty acid profiling. Statistical analysis was performed using GLM procedures of SAS v9.4. Soya lecithin increased feed intake (p < 0.05). The abundance of caecal Bifidobacteria species, Ruminococcus species and phylum Butryvibrio-specific genes increased (p < 0.05) in rabbits receiving soya lecithin in their diet, soya lecithin increased the level of polyunsaturated fatty acids in subcutaneous and perirenal fat (p < 0.05) and increased the level of monounsaturated fatty acids in periovarian fat (p < 0.05); additionally, the adipocyte area increased in periovarian and perirenal fat (p < 0.05). In conclusion, soya lecithin at a dose of 0.5% increased feed intake and energy storage in adipocytes and improved the fatty acid profile of periovarian fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Mandouh
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - I B Shaheed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - M Bionaz
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - A A Elolimy
- Animal Production Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - H A Mansour
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shereen A Mohamed
- Genetics and Genetic Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Qalyubia, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M El-Attrouny
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture at Moshtohor, Benha University, Qalyubia, Egypt
| | - O A A Farid
- Department of Physiology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
| | - M R Mousa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - A M Abdelatty
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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13
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Tomas M, García-Pérez P, Rivera-Pérez A, Patrone V, Giuberti G, Lucini L, Capanoglu E. The addition of polysaccharide gums to Aronia melanocarpa purees modulates the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds and gut microbiota: A multiomics data fusion approach following in vitro digestion and fermentation. Food Chem 2024; 439:138231. [PMID: 38113658 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine how the addition of gellan, guar, locust bean, and xanthan gums affected the polyphenol profile of Aronia melanocarpa puree and the human gut microbiota after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and large intestine fermentation. The different gums distinctively affected the content and bioaccessibility of phenolics in Aronia puree, as outlined by untargeted metabolomics. The addition of locust bean gum increased the levels of low-molecular-weight phenolics and phenolic acids after digestion. Gellan and guar gums enhanced phenolic acids' bioaccessibility after fermentation. Interactions between digestion products and fecal bacteria altered the composition of the microbiota, with the greatest impact of xanthan. Locust bean gum promoted the accumulation of different taxa with health-promoting properties. Our findings shed light on the added-value properties of commercial gums as food additives, promoting a distinctive increase of polyphenol bioaccessibility and shifting the gut microbiota distribution, depending on their composition and structural features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Tomas
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, 34303 Halkali, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pascual García-Pérez
- Department for Sustainable Food Process - DiSTAS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA) - CITEXVI, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Araceli Rivera-Pérez
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agrifood Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Vania Patrone
- Department for Sustainable Food Process - DiSTAS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Gianluca Giuberti
- Department for Sustainable Food Process - DiSTAS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process - DiSTAS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
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Hang D, Du M, Wang L, Wang K, Fang Z, Khandpur N, Rossato SL, Steele EM, Chan AT, Hu FB, Meyerhardt JA, Mozaffarian D, Ogino S, Sun Q, Wong JB, Zhang FF, Song M. Ultra-processed food consumption and mortality among patients with stages I-III colorectal cancer: a prospective cohort study. EClinicalMedicine 2024; 71:102572. [PMID: 38572081 PMCID: PMC10990709 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are emerging as a risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC), yet how post-diagnostic UPF intake may impact CRC prognosis remains unexplored. Methods Data collected from food frequency questionnaires were used to estimate intakes of total UPFs and UPF subgroups (serving/d) at least 6 months but less than 4 years post-diagnosis among 2498 patients diagnosed with stages I-III CRC within the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study during 1980-2016. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of all-cause, CRC- and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-specific mortality in association with UPF consumption were estimated using an inverse probability weighted multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model, adjusted for confounders. Findings The mean (SD) age of patients at diagnosis was 68.5 (9.4) years. A total of 1661 deaths were documented, including 321 from CRC and 335 from CVD. Compared to those in the lowest quintile (median = 3.6 servings/d), patients in the highest quintile (median = 10 servings/d) of post-diagnostic UPF intake had higher CVD mortality (HR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.13-2.40) but not CRC or all-cause mortality. Among UPF subgroups, higher consumption of fats/condiments/sauces was associated with a higher risk of CVD-specific mortality (highest vs. lowest quintile of intake, HR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.41-2.73), and higher intake of ice cream/sherbet was associated with an increased risk of CRC-specific mortality (highest vs. lowest quintile, HR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.33-2.61). No statistically significant association was found between UPF subgroups and overall mortality. Interpretation Higher post-diagnostic intake of total UPFs and fats/condiments/sauces in CRC survivors is associated with higher CVD mortality, and higher ice cream/sherbet intake is linked to higher CRC mortality. Funding US National Institutes of Health and the American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hang
- Department of Epidemiology, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mengxi Du
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhe Fang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Neha Khandpur
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Netherlands
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sinara Laurini Rossato
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Geography, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eurídice Martínez Steele
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Epidemiological Studies in Health and Nutrition (NUPENS), Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrew T. Chan
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Tufts School of Medicine and Division of Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Nutrition, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University (Institute of Science Tokyo), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John B. Wong
- Division of Clinical Decision Making, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fang Fang Zhang
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Dietert RR, Dietert JM. Examining Sound, Light, and Vibrations as Tools to Manage Microbes and Support Holobionts, Ecosystems, and Technologies. Microorganisms 2024; 12:905. [PMID: 38792734 PMCID: PMC11123986 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The vast array of interconnected microorganisms across Earth's ecosystems and within holobionts has been called the "Internet of Microbes." Bacteria and archaea are masters of energy and information collection, storage, transformation, and dissemination using both "wired" and wireless (at a distance) functions. Specific tools affecting microbial energy and information functions offer effective strategies for managing microbial populations within, between, and beyond holobionts. This narrative review focuses on microbial management using a subset of physical modifiers of microbes: sound and light (as well as related vibrations). These are examined as follows: (1) as tools for managing microbial populations, (2) as tools to support new technologies, (3) as tools for healing humans and other holobionts, and (4) as potential safety dangers for microbial populations and their holobionts. Given microbial sensitivity to sound, light, and vibrations, it is critical that we assign a higher priority to the effects of these physical factors on microbial populations and microbe-laden holobionts. We conclude that specific sound, light, and/or vibrational conditions are significant therapeutic tools that can help support useful microbial populations and help to address the ongoing challenges of holobiont disease. We also caution that inappropriate sound, light, and/or vibration exposure can represent significant hazards that require greater recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney R. Dietert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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16
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Komisarska P, Pinyosinwat A, Saleem M, Szczuko M. Carrageenan as a Potential Factor of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Nutrients 2024; 16:1367. [PMID: 38732613 PMCID: PMC11085445 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Carrageenan is a widely used food additive and is seen as a potential candidate in the pharmaceutical industry. However, there are two faces to carrageenan that allows it to be used positively for therapeutic purposes. Carrageenan can be used to create edible films and for encapsulating drugs, and there is also interest in the use of carrageenan for food printing. Carrageenan is a naturally occurring polysaccharide gum. Depending on the type of carrageenan, it is used in regulating the composition of intestinal microflora, including the increase in the population of Bifidobacterium bacteria. On the other hand, the studies have demonstrated the harmfulness of carrageenan in animal and human models, indicating a direct link between diet and intestinal inflammatory states. Carrageenan changes the intestinal microflora, especially Akkermansia muciniphilia, degrades the mucous barrier and breaks down the mucous barrier, causing an inflammatory reaction. It directly affects epithelial cells by activating the pro-inflammatory nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) pathway. The mechanism is based on activation of the TLR4 receptor, alterations in macrophage activity, production of proinflammatory cytokines and activation of innate immune pathways. Carrageenan increases the content of Bacteroidetes bacteria, also causing a reduction in the number of short chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria. The result is damage to the integrity of the intestinal membrane and reduction of the mucin layer. The group most exposed to the harmful effects of carrageenan are people suffering from intestinal inflammation, including Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Małgorzata Szczuko
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland (M.S.)
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17
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Gonza I, Goya-Jorge E, Douny C, Boutaleb S, Taminiau B, Daube G, Scippo ML, Louis E, Delcenserie V. Food additives impair gut microbiota from healthy individuals and IBD patients in a colonic in vitro fermentation model. Food Res Int 2024; 182:114157. [PMID: 38519184 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is a long-term complication of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Changes in microbial populations have been linked with the onset of fibrosis and some food additives are known to promote intestinal inflammation facilitating fibrosis induction. In this study, we investigated how polysorbate 80, sucralose, titanium dioxide, sodium nitrite and maltodextrin affect the gut microbiota and the metabolic activity in healthy and IBD donors (patients in remission and with a flare of IBD). The Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®) with a static (batch) configuration was used to evaluate the effects of food additives on the human intestinal microbiota. Polysorbate 80 and sucralose decreased butyrate-producing bacteria such as Roseburia and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Both compounds, also increased bacterial species positively correlated with intestinal inflammation and fibrosis (i.e.: Enterococcus, Veillonella and Mucispirillum schaedleri), especially in donors in remission of IBD. Additionally, polysorbate 80 induced a lower activity of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in the three groups of donors, which can affect the intestinal homeostasis. Maltodextrin, despite increasing short-chain fatty acids production, promoted the growth of Ruminococcus genus, correlated with higher risk of fibrosis, and decreased Oscillospira which is negatively associated with fibrosis. Our findings unveil crucial insights into the potential deleterious effects of polysorbate 80, sucralose and maltodextrin on human gut microbiota in healthy and, to a greater extent, in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Gonza
- Laboratory of Food Quality Management, Department of Food Sciences, FARAH - Veterinary Public Health, University of Liège, B43b, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Elizabeth Goya-Jorge
- Laboratory of Food Quality Management, Department of Food Sciences, FARAH - Veterinary Public Health, University of Liège, B43b, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Caroline Douny
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Food Sciences, FARAH - Veterinary Public Health, University of Liège, B43b, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Samiha Boutaleb
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Food Sciences, FARAH - Veterinary Public Health, University of Liège, B43b, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Bernard Taminiau
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Food Sciences, FARAH - Veterinary Public Health, University of Liège, B43b, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Georges Daube
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Food Sciences, FARAH - Veterinary Public Health, University of Liège, B43b, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Marie-Louise Scippo
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Food Sciences, FARAH - Veterinary Public Health, University of Liège, B43b, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Edouard Louis
- Hepato - Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology Department, CHU of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Véronique Delcenserie
- Laboratory of Food Quality Management, Department of Food Sciences, FARAH - Veterinary Public Health, University of Liège, B43b, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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18
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Bekar C, Ozmen O, Ozkul C, Ayaz A. Inulin protects against the harmful effects of dietary emulsifiers on mice gut microbiome. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17110. [PMID: 38525281 PMCID: PMC10961058 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases is increasing, especially in developing countries, with adoption of Western-style diet. This study aimed to investigate the effects of two emulsifiers including lecithin and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) on the gut microbiota, intestinal inflammation and the potential of inulin as a means to protect against the harmful effects of emulsifiers. Methods In this study, male C57Bl/6 mice were divided into five groups (n:6/group) (control, CMC, lecithin, CMC+inulin, and lecithin+inulin). Lecithin and CMC were diluted in drinking water (1% w/v) and inulin was administered daily at 5 g/kg for 12 weeks. Histological examination of the ileum and colon, serum IL-10, IL-6, and fecal lipocalin-2 levels were analyzed. 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region amplicon sequencing was performed on stool samples. Results In the CMC and lecithin groups, shortening of the villus and a decrease in goblet cells were observed in the ileum and colon, whereas inulin reversed this effect. The lipocalin level, which was 9.7 ± 3.29 ng in the CMC group, decreased to 4.1 ± 2.98 ng with the administration of inulin. Bifidobacteria and Akkermansia were lower in the CMC group than the control, while they were higher in the CMC+inulin group. In conclusion, emulsifiers affect intestinal health negatively by disrupting the epithelial integrity and altering the composition of the microbiota. Inulin is protective on their harmful effects. In addition, it was found that CMC was more detrimental to microbiota composition than lecithin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Bekar
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Ozmen
- Department of Pathology, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Ceren Ozkul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aylin Ayaz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Castor RB, do Nascimento MH, Gorlach-Lira K. Exploring fungal bioemulsifiers: insights into chemical composition, microbial sources, and cross-field applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:127. [PMID: 38451356 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03883-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The demand for emulsion-based products is crucial for economic development and societal well-being, spanning diverse industries such as food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and oil extraction. Formulating these products relies on emulsifiers, a distinct class of surfactants. However, many conventional emulsifiers are derived from petrochemicals or synthetic sources, posing potential environmental and human health risks. In this context, fungal bioemulsifiers emerge as a compelling and sustainable alternative, demonstrating superior performance, enhanced biodegradability, and safety for human consumption. From this perspective, the present work provides the first comprehensive review of fungal bioemulsifiers, categorizing them based on their chemical nature and microbial origin. This includes polysaccharides, proteins, glycoproteins, polymeric glycolipids, and carbohydrate-lipid-protein complexes. Examples of particular interest are scleroglucan, a polysaccharide produced by Sclerotium rolfsii, and mannoproteins present in the cell walls of various yeasts, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Furthermore, this study examines the feasibility of incorporating fungal bioemulsifiers in the food and oil industries and their potential role in bioremediation events for oil-polluted marine environments. Finally, this exploration encourages further research on fungal bioemulsifier bioprospecting, with far-reaching implications for advancing sustainable and eco-friendly practices across various industrial sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rádamis Barbosa Castor
- Molecular Biology Department, Center of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena do Nascimento
- Molecular Biology Department, Center of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Krystyna Gorlach-Lira
- Molecular Biology Department, Center of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
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Lessard-Lord J, Roussel C, Lupien-Meilleur J, Généreux P, Richard V, Guay V, Roy D, Desjardins Y. Short term supplementation with cranberry extract modulates gut microbiota in human and displays a bifidogenic effect. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2024; 10:18. [PMID: 38448452 PMCID: PMC10918075 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00493-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Cranberry is associated with multiple health benefits, which are mostly attributed to its high content of (poly)phenols, particularly flavan-3-ols. However, clinical trials attempting to demonstrate these positive effects have yielded heterogeneous results, partly due to the high inter-individual variability associated with gut microbiota interaction with these molecules. In fact, several studies have demonstrated the ability of these molecules to modulate the gut microbiota in animal and in vitro models, but there is a scarcity of information in human subjects. In addition, it has been recently reported that cranberry also contains high concentrations of oligosaccharides, which could contribute to its bioactivity. Hence, the aim of this study was to fully characterize the (poly)phenolic and oligosaccharidic contents of a commercially available cranberry extract and evaluate its capacity to positively modulate the gut microbiota of 28 human subjects. After only four days, the (poly)phenols and oligosaccharides-rich cranberry extract, induced a strong bifidogenic effect, along with an increase in the abundance of several butyrate-producing bacteria, such as Clostridium and Anaerobutyricum. Plasmatic and fecal short-chain fatty acids profiles were also altered by the cranberry extract with a decrease in acetate ratio and an increase in butyrate ratio. Finally, to characterize the inter-individual variability, we stratified the participants according to the alterations observed in the fecal microbiota following supplementation. Interestingly, individuals having a microbiota characterized by the presence of Prevotella benefited from an increase in Faecalibacterium with the cranberry extract supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Lessard-Lord
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- Nutrition, Health and Society Centre (NUTRISS), INAF, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Charlène Roussel
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- Nutrition, Health and Society Centre (NUTRISS), INAF, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Joseph Lupien-Meilleur
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- Nutrition, Health and Society Centre (NUTRISS), INAF, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Pamela Généreux
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Véronique Richard
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Valérie Guay
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- Nutrition, Health and Society Centre (NUTRISS), INAF, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Denis Roy
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Yves Desjardins
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.
- Nutrition, Health and Society Centre (NUTRISS), INAF, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.
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21
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Warren M, O'Connor C, Lee JE, Burton J, Walton D, Keathley J, Wammes M, Osuch E. Predispose, precipitate, perpetuate, and protect: how diet and the gut influence mental health in emerging adulthood. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1339269. [PMID: 38505265 PMCID: PMC10948435 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1339269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Medicine often employs the 4Ps of predisposing, precipitating, perpetuating, and protective factors to identify salient influences on illness states, and to help guide patient care. Mental illness is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Mental health is a complex combination of biological, psychological, environmental, and social factors. There is growing interest in the gut-brain-microbiome (GBM) axis and its impact on mental health. We use the medical model of the 4Ps to explore factors involving the connection between nutrition and the GBM axis and their associated risks with mental health problems in emerging adults (EAs), a life stage when mental illness onset is the most common. We review the impact of current dietary trends on the GBM and on mental health, and the role that gut microbiome-based interventions can have in modulating the GBM axis of EAs. We discuss the implications of gut health on the GBM and areas for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Warren
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Colleen O'Connor
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ju Eun Lee
- Geriatrics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jeremy Burton
- Department of Surgery, Microbiology and Immunology, Lawson Health Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - David Walton
- School of Physical Therapy, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Justine Keathley
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Wammes
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Osuch
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- London Health Sciences Centre, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- First Episode Mood and Anxiety Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
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22
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Franca P, Pierucci AP, Boukid F. Analysis of ingredient list and nutrient composition of plant-based burgers available in the global market. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2024; 75:159-172. [PMID: 38230681 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2024.2303029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The nutrient composition of plant-based burgers is a key factor when making their purchase/consumption decision to maintain a balanced diet. For this reason, ingredient list and nutritional information of burgers launched in the global market were retrieved from their labels. Products were classified based on the technology development, market position and region of the manufacturer. From the ingredient analysis, we observed a high heterogeneity in the ingredients used, a predominance of soy and wheat as main sources of proteins, and the increasing use of new protein sources (e.g. peas, other types of beans and pseudo-cereals). Oil was the most cited ingredient followed by salt. Nutritional composition varied mainly depending on the region with no clear pattern among countries. To less extent, technology development resulted in traditional products with lower amounts of protein and higher amounts of carbohydrates. Vegan and vegetarian products showed limited differences due to the high intra-heterogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Franca
- Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anna Paola Pierucci
- Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To carry out a narrative review on the use of marketing strategies in child nutrition, as well as potential implications for health professionals and children. DATA SOURCE Searches were carried out on the PubMed, SciELO, and Google platforms, using the terms "child nutrition" or "industrialized baby food" or "infant formula" or "breast milk" or "breastfeeding" and "marketing", with original articles, review articles, institutional reports, institutional position documents and websites considered relevant to the topic being analyzed. DATA SYNTHESIS Children's food marketing started with the industrialization of food and the resulting actions aimed at increasing sales and meeting commercial interests. Since its inception to the present, infant formulas have been the most widely used products, which has impacted breastfeeding practices. International and national institutions, that care for children's health, are searching for strategies to limit the abusive marketing of industrialized children's foods. Marketing strategies interfere with medical knowledge and actions, potentially influencing the guidance provided by pediatricians to families, and finally, compromising healthy eating practices at a critical period in life, with possible long-term effects. CONCLUSIONS Health professionals, especially pediatricians, must provide the best care for children and families, and need to maintain the search for quality scientific information, not influenced by conflicts of interest. Updated and critical knowledge on the part of healthcare professionals can curb marketing strategies that aim to influence their actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kátia Galeão Brandt
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Centro de Ciências Médicas, Área Acadêmica de Pediatria, Recife, PE, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Centro de Ciências Médicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Recife, PE, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Hospital das Clínicas, Serviço de Gastroenterologia Pediátrica, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Giselia Alves Pontes da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Centro de Ciências Médicas, Área Acadêmica de Pediatria, Recife, PE, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Centro de Ciências Médicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Recife, PE, Brazil
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24
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Sellem L, Srour B, Javaux G, Chazelas E, Chassaing B, Viennois E, Debras C, Druesne-Pecollo N, Esseddik Y, Szabo de Edelenyi F, Arnault N, Agaësse C, De Sa A, Lutchia R, Huybrechts I, Scalbert A, Pierre F, Coumoul X, Julia C, Kesse-Guyot E, Allès B, Galan P, Hercberg S, Deschasaux-Tanguy M, Touvier M. Food additive emulsifiers and cancer risk: Results from the French prospective NutriNet-Santé cohort. PLoS Med 2024; 21:e1004338. [PMID: 38349899 PMCID: PMC10863884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emulsifiers are widely used food additives in industrially processed foods to improve texture and enhance shelf-life. Experimental research suggests deleterious effects of emulsifiers on the intestinal microbiota and the metabolome, leading to chronic inflammation and increasing susceptibility to carcinogenesis. However, human epidemiological evidence investigating their association with cancer is nonexistent. This study aimed to assess associations between food additive emulsifiers and cancer risk in a large population-based prospective cohort. METHODS AND FINDINGS This study included 92,000 adults of the French NutriNet-Santé cohort without prevalent cancer at enrolment (44.5 y [SD: 14.5], 78.8% female, 2009 to 2021). They were followed for an average of 6.7 years [SD: 2.2]. Food additive emulsifier intakes were estimated for participants who provided at least 3 repeated 24-h dietary records linked to comprehensive, brand-specific food composition databases on food additives. Multivariable Cox regressions were conducted to estimate associations between emulsifiers and cancer incidence. Overall, 2,604 incident cancer cases were diagnosed during follow-up (including 750 breast, 322 prostate, and 207 colorectal cancers). Higher intakes of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (FAs) (E471) were associated with higher risks of overall cancer (HR high vs. low category = 1.15; 95% CI [1.04, 1.27], p-trend = 0.01), breast cancer (HR = 1.24; 95% CI [1.03, 1.51], p-trend = 0.04), and prostate cancer (HR = 1.46; 95% CI [1.09, 1.97], p-trend = 0.02). In addition, associations with breast cancer risk were observed for higher intakes of total carrageenans (E407 and E407a) (HR = 1.32; 95% CI [1.09, 1.60], p-trend = 0.009) and carrageenan (E407) (HR = 1.28; 95% CI [1.06, 1.56], p-trend = 0.01). No association was detected between any of the emulsifiers and colorectal cancer risk. Several associations with other emulsifiers were observed but were not robust throughout sensitivity analyses. Main limitations include possible exposure measurement errors in emulsifiers intake and potential residual confounding linked to the observational design. CONCLUSIONS In this large prospective cohort, we observed associations between higher intakes of carrageenans and mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids with overall, breast and prostate cancer risk. These results need replication in other populations. They provide new epidemiological evidence on the role of emulsifiers in cancer risk. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03335644.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laury Sellem
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
- Nutrition And Cancer Research Network (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Bernard Srour
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
- Nutrition And Cancer Research Network (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Guillaume Javaux
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
| | - Eloi Chazelas
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
- Nutrition And Cancer Research Network (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- Nutrition And Cancer Research Network (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
- INSERM U1016, team “Mucosal microbiota in chronic inflammatory diseases”, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Viennois
- INSERM U1149, Center of Research on Inflammation, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Debras
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
- Nutrition And Cancer Research Network (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Nathalie Druesne-Pecollo
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
- Nutrition And Cancer Research Network (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Younes Esseddik
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
| | - Fabien Szabo de Edelenyi
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
| | - Nathalie Arnault
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
| | - Cédric Agaësse
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
| | - Alexandre De Sa
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
| | - Rebecca Lutchia
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Augustin Scalbert
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Fabrice Pierre
- Nutrition And Cancer Research Network (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Xavier Coumoul
- Nutrition And Cancer Research Network (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Chantal Julia
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
- Public Health Department, Groupe Hospitalier Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance Publique-hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Bobigny, France
| | - Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
- Nutrition And Cancer Research Network (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Benjamin Allès
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
| | - Pilar Galan
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
- Nutrition And Cancer Research Network (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
- Nutrition And Cancer Research Network (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Public Health Department, Groupe Hospitalier Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance Publique-hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Bobigny, France
| | - Mélanie Deschasaux-Tanguy
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
- Nutrition And Cancer Research Network (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
- Nutrition And Cancer Research Network (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
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25
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Xiao N, Ruan S, Mo Q, Zhao M, Liu T, Feng F. Effects of potassium sorbate on systemic inflammation and gut microbiota in normal mice: A comparison of continuous intake and washout period. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 184:114443. [PMID: 38211766 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Potassium sorbate (PS) is a widely used food preservative in the field of food industry. However, the effects of continuous intake and washout period of PS on host health are still unclear. In this study, to investigate long-term effect and after-effect of different concentrations and time points of PS, healthy mice were orally exposed to 150 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg of PS for 10 weeks, and washout treatment for another 5 weeks, respectively. The results indicated that PS intake for 10 weeks had no obvious effects on organs and adipose tissue, nor did it noteworthily interfere with glucolipid metabolism in the serum. However, it caused inflammatory cell infiltration in the liver, increased serum interleukin (IL)-1β level, changed abundances of gut microbiota but failed to promote the production of short chain fatty acids in the gut. After washout period for 5 weeks, liver inflammation and IL-1β level were decreased, and gut environment developed towards a healthier condition. Specifically, PS washout significantly increased abundance of Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and the production of isobutyric acid. This study confirmed washout period eliminated negative effects from continuous intake of PS, which provided positive evidence for its safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanhai Xiao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shengyue Ruan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qiufen Mo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Minjie Zhao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou, 311231, China
| | - Fengqin Feng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China; ZhongYuan Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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26
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Capra BT, Hudson S, Helder M, Laskaridou E, Johnson AL, Gilmore C, Marinik E, Hedrick VE, Savla J, David LA, Davy KP, Davy BM. Ultra-processed food intake, gut microbiome, and glucose homeostasis in mid-life adults: Background, design, and methods of a controlled feeding trial. Contemp Clin Trials 2024; 137:107427. [PMID: 38184104 PMCID: PMC10922925 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2024.107427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is associated with gut dysbiosis, low-grade inflammation, and increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Prediabetes, which increases T2D and cardiovascular disease risk, is present in 45-50% of mid-life adults. The gut microbiota may link ultra-processed food (UPF) with inflammation and T2D risk. METHODS Following a 2-week standardized lead-in diet (59% UPF), adults aged 40-65 years will be randomly assigned to a 6-week diet emphasizing either UPF (81% total energy) or non-UPF (0% total energy). Measurements of insulin sensitivity, 24-h and postprandial glycemic control, gut microbiota composition/function, fecal short chain fatty acids, intestinal inflammation, inflammatory cytokines, and vascular function will be made before and following the 6-week intervention period. Prior to recruitment, menus were developed in order to match UPF and non-UPF conditions based upon relevant dietary factors. Menus were evaluated for palatability and costs, and the commercial additive content of study diets was quantified to explore potential links with outcomes. RESULTS Overall diet palatability ratings were similar (UPF = 7.6 ± 1.0; Non-UPF = 6.8 ± 1.5; Like Moderately = 7, Like Very Much = 8). Cost analysis (food + labor) of the 2000 kcal menu (7-d average) revealed lower costs for UPF compared to non-UPF diets ($20.97/d and $40.23/d, respectively). Additive exposure assessment of the 2000 kcal UPF diet indicated that soy lecithin (16×/week), citric acid (13×/week), sorbic acid (13×/week), and sodium citrate (12×/week) were the most frequently consumed additives. CONCLUSIONS Whether UPF consumption impairs glucose homeostasis in mid-life adults is unknown. Findings will address this research gap and contribute information on how UPF consumption may influence T2D development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey T Capra
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 229 Wallace Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America; Virginia Tech Translational Obesity Research Interdisciplinary Graduate Education Program, United States of America.
| | - Summer Hudson
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 229 Wallace Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America
| | - McKenna Helder
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Tech,United States of America
| | - Eleni Laskaridou
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 229 Wallace Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America; Virginia Tech Translational Obesity Research Interdisciplinary Graduate Education Program, United States of America
| | - Aubrey L Johnson
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 229 Wallace Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America; Virginia Tech Translational Obesity Research Interdisciplinary Graduate Education Program, United States of America
| | - Carson Gilmore
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 229 Wallace Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America
| | - Elaina Marinik
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 229 Wallace Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America; Virginia Tech Translational Obesity Research Interdisciplinary Graduate Education Program, United States of America
| | - Valisa E Hedrick
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 229 Wallace Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America; Virginia Tech Translational Obesity Research Interdisciplinary Graduate Education Program, United States of America
| | - Jyoti Savla
- Virginia Tech Translational Obesity Research Interdisciplinary Graduate Education Program, United States of America; Center for Gerontology, Virginia Tech, United States of America
| | - Lawrence A David
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University, United States of America; Duke Microbiome Center, Duke University, United States of America
| | - Kevin P Davy
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 229 Wallace Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America; Virginia Tech Translational Obesity Research Interdisciplinary Graduate Education Program, United States of America
| | - Brenda M Davy
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 229 Wallace Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America; Virginia Tech Translational Obesity Research Interdisciplinary Graduate Education Program, United States of America
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27
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Prescott SL, Logan AC, D’Adamo CR, Holton KF, Lowry CA, Marks J, Moodie R, Poland B. Nutritional Criminology: Why the Emerging Research on Ultra-Processed Food Matters to Health and Justice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:120. [PMID: 38397611 PMCID: PMC10888116 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21020120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
There is mounting concern over the potential harms associated with ultra-processed foods, including poor mental health and antisocial behavior. Cutting-edge research provides an enhanced understanding of biophysiological mechanisms, including microbiome pathways, and invites a historical reexamination of earlier work that investigated the relationship between nutrition and criminal behavior. Here, in this perspective article, we explore how this emergent research casts new light and greater significance on previous key observations. Despite expanding interest in the field dubbed 'nutritional psychiatry', there has been relatively little attention paid to its relevancy within criminology and the criminal justice system. Since public health practitioners, allied mental health professionals, and policymakers play key roles throughout criminal justice systems, a holistic perspective on both historical and emergent research is critical. While there are many questions to be resolved, the available evidence suggests that nutrition might be an underappreciated factor in prevention and treatment along the criminal justice spectrum. The intersection of nutrition and biopsychosocial health requires transdisciplinary discussions of power structures, industry influence, and marketing issues associated with widespread food and social inequalities. Some of these discussions are already occurring under the banner of 'food crime'. Given the vast societal implications, it is our contention that the subject of nutrition in the multidisciplinary field of criminology-referred to here as nutritional criminology-deserves increased scrutiny. Through combining historical findings and cutting-edge research, we aim to increase awareness of this topic among the broad readership of the journal, with the hopes of generating new hypotheses and collaborations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L. Prescott
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
- Nova Institute for Health, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA;
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- The ORIGINS Project, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Alan C. Logan
- Nova Institute for Health, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA;
| | - Christopher R. D’Adamo
- Nova Institute for Health, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA;
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Kathleen F. Holton
- Departments of Health Studies and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA;
| | - Christopher A. Lowry
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience and Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA;
| | - John Marks
- Department of Criminal Justice, Louisiana State University of Alexandria, Alexandria, LA 71302, USA;
| | - Rob Moodie
- School of Population and Global Health (MSPGH), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia;
| | - Blake Poland
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5R 0A3, Canada;
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Liang Y, Liu D, Li Y, Hou H, Li P, Ma X, Li P, Zhan J, Wang P. Maternal polysorbate 80 intake promotes offspring metabolic syndrome through vertical microbial transmission in mice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 909:168624. [PMID: 37979881 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Polysorbate 80 (P80) is an emulsifier extensively produced, consumed and discharged into the environment, consequently making human exposure inevitable. Despite evidence suggesting that P80 intake causes metabolic syndrome (MS) in mammals via microbial perturbation, limited data exist on its transgenerational impacts on offspring. In this study, we found that maternal P80 treatment impaired intestinal barrier integrity, leading to metabolic endotoxemia, low-grade inflammation and MS-related symptoms in C57BL/6J female offspring. Further analysis of the gut microbiome revealed MS-related changes in the offspring of P80-treated dams. Fecal microbiota transplantation experiment confirmed the crucial role of the altered microbiome in offspring in the transgenerational impacts of P80. Furthermore, we found that the P80-induced microbial alterations were directly transmitted from P80-treated mothers to their offspring and that interrupting vertical microbial transmission through cesarean section and foster nursing blocked the transgenerational impacts of P80 on the offspring microbiome and metabolic health. Moreover, maternal pectin supplementation also effectively mitigated P80-induced microbial alterations and MS-associated phenotypes in offspring. Together, our results indicated that maternal P80 intake could impair offspring metabolic health through the mother-to-offspring transmission of the microbiome, and maternal pectin supplementation might be a promising strategy for reducing the adverse effects of P80.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Liang
- College of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, No. 30, Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Haonan Hou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengxi Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoran Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Peize Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
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Katsoudas N, Tavakoli P, Wu N, Shapiro A, Leach ST, Williams AJ, Paramsothy R, Ghaly S, Connor SJ, Samocha-Bonet D, Lambert K, Hold GL. Dietary Emulsifier Exposure in People With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Compared With Healthy Controls: Is There a Cause for Concern? Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024:izad318. [PMID: 38244236 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izad318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emulsifiers are implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Few studies have examined emulsifier intake in people with existing IBD. We aimed to describe the frequency of exposure to 6 selected emulsifiers in a contemporary cohort of people with IBD and compare intake with healthy controls (HCs). METHODS Baseline food records from participants in an Australian prospective cohort study examining the microbiome of IBD patients and HCs were analyzed. Exposure to inflammatory emulsifiers polysorbate-80 (P80); carboxymethylcellulose (CMC); carrageenan; xanthan gum (XG); lecithin (soy and sunflower) and mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (MDGs) were determined by examining ingredient lists. Frequency of emulsifier exposure between groups (IBD vs HC, Crohn's disease [CD] vs ulcerative colitis [UC], IBD children vs adults, active disease vs remission) was examined after controlling for confounders. RESULTS Records from 367 participants were analyzed (n = 176 IBD, of which there were 101 CD, 75 UC, and 191 HC patients). In total, 5022 unique food items were examined, with 18% containing 1 or more emulsifier of interest. Inflammatory bowel disease participants had significantly higher total daily emulsifier exposure compared with HCs (2.7 ± 1.8 vs 2.3 ± 1.6, P = .02). In IBD participants, emulsifiers with the highest daily exposure were MDGs (1.2 ± 0.93), lecithin (0.85 ± 0.93), and XG (0.38 ± 0.42). There were no recorded exposures to P80. CONCLUSIONS Inflammatory bowel disease participants were exposed to more emulsifiers than HCs. Intake of inflammatory emulsifiers were low or nonexistent, suggesting their presence in the food supply are not as common as frequently stated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Katsoudas
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Science, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paris Tavakoli
- Microbiome Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia
- St Vincent's Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nan Wu
- Microbiome Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amanda Shapiro
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Steven T Leach
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Astrid-Jane Williams
- Liverpool Hospital Dept of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
- South West Sydney Clinical Campuses, University of New South Wales Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ramesh Paramsothy
- Centre for Gastrointestinal Health Castle Hill, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Simon Ghaly
- St Vincent's Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Susan J Connor
- Liverpool Hospital Dept of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
- South West Sydney Clinical Campuses, University of New South Wales Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dorit Samocha-Bonet
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and School of Clinical Medicine, St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, University of New South Wales Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kelly Lambert
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Science, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Georgina L Hold
- Microbiome Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia
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Pasta A, Formisano E, Calabrese F, Plaz Torres MC, Bodini G, Marabotto E, Pisciotta L, Giannini EG, Furnari M. Food Intolerances, Food Allergies and IBS: Lights and Shadows. Nutrients 2024; 16:265. [PMID: 38257158 PMCID: PMC10821155 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This narrative review delves into the intricate relationship between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and food intolerances. IBS, a chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder, is characterized by symptoms like abdominal pain and altered bowel habits. The prevalence of IBS has increased globally, especially among young adults. Food and dietary habits play a crucial role in IBS management. About 85-90% of IBS patients report symptom exacerbation linked to specific food consumption, highlighting the strong connection between food intolerances and IBS. Food intolerances often exhibit a dose-dependent pattern, posing a challenge in identifying trigger foods. This issue is further complicated by the complex nature of gastrointestinal physiology and varying food compositions. This review discusses various dietary patterns and their impact on IBS, including the low-FODMAP diet, gluten-free diet, and Mediterranean diet. It highlights the importance of a personalized approach in dietary management, considering individual symptom variability and dietary history. In conclusion, this review emphasizes the need for accurate diagnosis and holistic management of IBS, considering the complex interplay between dietary factors and gastrointestinal pathophysiology. It underlines the importance of patient education and adherence to treatment plans, acknowledging the challenges posed by the variability in dietary triggers and the psychological impact of dietary restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pasta
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (M.C.P.T.); (G.B.); (E.M.); (E.G.G.)
| | - Elena Formisano
- Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (E.F.); (L.P.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Calabrese
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (M.C.P.T.); (G.B.); (E.M.); (E.G.G.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Corina Plaz Torres
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (M.C.P.T.); (G.B.); (E.M.); (E.G.G.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Giorgia Bodini
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (M.C.P.T.); (G.B.); (E.M.); (E.G.G.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Elisa Marabotto
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (M.C.P.T.); (G.B.); (E.M.); (E.G.G.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Livia Pisciotta
- Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (E.F.); (L.P.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Edoardo Giovanni Giannini
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (M.C.P.T.); (G.B.); (E.M.); (E.G.G.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Manuele Furnari
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (M.C.P.T.); (G.B.); (E.M.); (E.G.G.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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Delaroque C, Chassaing B. Dietary emulsifier consumption accelerates type 1 diabetes development in NOD mice. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2024; 10:1. [PMID: 38182615 PMCID: PMC10770373 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00475-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapidly increasing prevalence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) underscores the role of environmental (i.e. non-genetic) determinants of T1D development. Such factors include industrialized diets as well as the intestinal microbiota with which they interact. One component of industrialized diets that deleteriously impact gut microbiota is dietary emulsifiers, which perturb intestinal microbiota to encroach upon their host promoting chronic low-grade intestinal inflammation and metabolic syndrome. Hence, we investigated whether 2 dietary emulsifiers, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and polysorbate-80 (P80), might influence the development of T1D in NOD mice, which spontaneously develop this disorder. We observed that chronic emulsifier exposure accelerated T1D development in NOD mice, which was associated with increased insulin autoantibody levels. Such accelerated T1D development was accompanied by compositional and functional alterations of the intestinal microbiota as well as low-grade intestinal inflammation. Moreover, machine learning found that the severity of emulsifier-induced microbiota disruption had partial power to predict subsequent disease development, suggesting that complex interactions occur between the host, dietary factors, and the intestinal microbiota. Thus, perturbation of host-microbiota homeostasis by dietary emulsifiers may have contributed to the post-mid-20th-century increase in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Delaroque
- INSERM U1016, team "Mucosal microbiota in chronic inflammatory diseases", CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- INSERM U1016, team "Mucosal microbiota in chronic inflammatory diseases", CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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32
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Bonazzi E, Bretin A, Vigué L, Hao F, Patterson AD, Gewirtz AT, Chassaing B. Individualized microbiotas dictate the impact of dietary fiber on colitis sensitivity. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:5. [PMID: 38178260 PMCID: PMC10768099 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01724-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The observation that the intestinal microbiota is central in the development of IBD suggests that dietary fiber, the microbiota's primary source of nourishment, could play a central role in these diseases. Accordingly, enriching diets with specific soluble fibers remodels microbiota and modulates colitis sensitivity. In humans, a recent study suggests that the microbiota of select IBD patients might influence the impacts they would experience upon fiber exposure. We sought here to define the extent to which individual microbiotas varied in their responsiveness to purified soluble fiber inulin and psyllium. Moreover, the extent to which such variance might impact proneness to colitis. RESULTS We observed a high level of inter-individual variation in microbiota responsiveness to fiber inulin and psyllium: while microbiotas from select donors exhibited stark fiber-induced modulation in composition, pro-inflammatory potential, and metabolomic profile, others were only minimally impacted. Mice transplanted with fiber-sensitive microbiomes exhibited colitis highly modulated by soluble fiber consumption, while mice receiving fiber-resistant microbiotas displayed colitis severity irrespective of fiber exposure. CONCLUSION The extent to which select soluble fibers alter proneness to colitis is highly influenced by an individual's microbiota composition and further investigation of individual microbiota responsiveness toward specific dietary fiber could pave the way to personalized fiber-based intervention, both in IBD patients and healthy individuals. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Bonazzi
- INSERM U1016, Team "Mucosal Microbiota in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases", CNRS UMR10 8104, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Bretin
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Digestive Disease Research Group, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lucile Vigué
- INSERM U1016, Team "Robustness and Evolvability of Life", CNRS UMR10 8104, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Fuhua Hao
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- INSERM U1016, Team "Robustness and Evolvability of Life", CNRS UMR10 8104, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Andrew T Gewirtz
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Digestive Disease Research Group, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- INSERM U1016, Team "Mucosal Microbiota in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases", CNRS UMR10 8104, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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Fine-Shamir N, Dahan A. Solubility-enabling formulations for oral delivery of lipophilic drugs: considering the solubility-permeability interplay for accelerated formulation development. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024; 21:13-29. [PMID: 38124383 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2298247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tackling low water solubility of drug candidates is a major challenge in today's pharmaceutics/biopharmaceutics, especially by means of modern solubility-enabling formulations. However, drug absorption from these formulations oftentimes remains unchanged or even decreases, despite substantial solubility enhancement. AREAS COVERED In this article, we overview the simultaneous effects of the formulation on the solubility and the apparent permeability of the drug, and analyze the contribution of this solubility-permeability interplay to the success/failure of the formulation to increase the overall absorption and bioavailability. Three different patterns of interplay were identified: (1) solubility-permeability tradeoff in which every solubility gain comes with a price of concomitant permeability loss; (2) an advantageous interplay pattern in which the permeability remains unchanged alongside the solubility gain; and (3) an optimal interplay pattern in which the formulation increases both the solubility and the permeability. Passive vs. active intestinal permeability considerations in the context of the solubility-permeability interplay are also thoroughly discussed. EXPERT OPINION The solubility-permeability interplay pattern of a given formulation has a critical effect on its overall success/failure, and hence, taking into account both parameters in solubility-enabling formulation development is prudent and highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Fine-Shamir
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Arik Dahan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Manski S, Noverati N, Policarpo T, Rubin E, Shivashankar R. Diet and Nutrition in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review of the Literature. CROHN'S & COLITIS 360 2024; 6:otad077. [PMID: 38213632 PMCID: PMC10782214 DOI: 10.1093/crocol/otad077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Diet is thought to contribute to the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and may act as a mediator of inflammation in patients with IBD. Patients commonly associate their diet with symptoms and inquire about dietary modifications to manage their IBD. Without clinical guidelines and well-established nutritional data, healthcare providers managing patients with IBD may find it difficult to provide recommendations. Strong evidence for enteral nutrition, particularly in the pediatric population, has been established in Crohn's disease (CD) as a therapeutic option. Enteral nutrition may also serve as an adjunct to an exclusion diet. Recent studies such as the randomized trial comparing the Specific Carbohydrate Diet to a Mediterranean Diet in CD patients provide additional insights in forming dietary plans. A low-fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAP) diet in quiescent IBD and an anti-inflammatory diet have also been explored as adjunctive therapies. In this review, we discuss the latest evidence for the role of diet in IBD both as a therapeutic modality and as an opportunity to provide patient-centered care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Manski
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicholas Noverati
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tatiana Policarpo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily Rubin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Raina Shivashankar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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35
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Lin X, Li Y, Qi B, Zhang S, Li X. Casein-phosphatidylcholine emulsifier remodels LPS-induced intestinal barrier disfunction via regulating ferroptosis and lipid metabolism. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127595. [PMID: 37884232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the biosafety of synthetic emulsifier in intestinal barrier has raised significant concerns. Casein- phosphatidylcholine (CP), which is a natural emulsifier, has better emulsification and stability. However, the effect of CP on intestinal barrier remains unknow. Intestinal permeability and lipomics analysis showed that carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and CP have no significant effect on intestinal barrier in normal intestinal barrier model, whereas CP increased transmembrane resistance value and remodeled lipid homeostasis in LPS induced intestinal barrier dysfunction model, indicating its superior biosafety. To explore the underlying molecular mechanism of emulsifier on intestinal barrier dysfunction, the bioinformatics analysis of six original microarray datasets including 168 cases in NCBI-Gene Expression Omnibus database showed ferroptosis-related genes showed a significant differential expression. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that CP can repair the imbalance of lipid homeostasis induced by LPS and restore normal intestinal permeability by regulating the expression of ferroptosis-related genes, while CMC could can enhance intestinal permeability by inducing ferroptosis of intestinal epithelial cells through lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, this study highlighted CP could remodel LPS-induced intestinal barrier disfunction via regulating ferroptosis and lipid metabolism. These findings can be used as a new insight for the design of new healthy emulsifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujun Lin
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Baokun Qi
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xue Li
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Subramaniam S, Elz A, Wignall A, Kamath S, Ariaee A, Hunter A, Newblack T, Wardill HR, Prestidge CA, Joyce P. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) disrupt the gut microbiota and trigger an intestinal inflammatory response in rats. Int J Pharm 2023; 648:123614. [PMID: 37979632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (i.e. SEDDS, SMEDDS and SNEDDS) are widely employed as solubility and bioavailability enhancing formulation strategies for poorly water-soluble drugs. Despite the capacity for SEDDS to effectively facilitate oral drug absorption, tolerability concerns exist due to the capacity for high concentrations of surfactants (typically present within SEDDS) to induce gastrointestinal toxicity and mucosal irritation. With new knowledge surrounding the role of the gut microbiota in modulating intestinal inflammation and mucosal injury, there is a clear need to determine the impact of SEDDS on the gut microbiota. The current study is the first of its kind to demonstrate the detrimental impact of SEDDS on the gut microbiota of Sprague-Dawley rats, following daily oral administration (100 mg/kg) for 21 days. SEDDS comprising a lipid phase (i.e. Type I, II and III formulations according to the Lipid Formulation Classification Scheme) induced significant changes to the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota, evidenced through a reduction in operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and alpha diversity (Shannon's index), along with statistically significant shifts in beta diversity (according to PERMANOVA of multi-dimensional Bray-Curtis plots). Key signatures of gut microbiota dysbiosis correlated with the increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines within the jejunum, while mucosal injury was characterised by significant reductions in plasma citrulline levels, a validated biomarker of enterocyte mass and mucosal barrier integrity. These findings have potential clinical ramifications for chronically administered drugs that are formulated with SEDDS and stresses the need for further studies that investigate dose-dependent effects of SEDDS on the gastrointestinal microenvironment in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhni Subramaniam
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia
| | - Aurelia Elz
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anthony Wignall
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia
| | - Srinivas Kamath
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia
| | - Amin Ariaee
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alexander Hunter
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tahlia Newblack
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hannah R Wardill
- Supportive Oncology Research Group, Precision Cancer Medicine (Theme), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Clive A Prestidge
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia
| | - Paul Joyce
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia.
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Tahiri M, Johnsrud C, Steffensen IL. Evidence and hypotheses on adverse effects of the food additives carrageenan (E 407)/processed Eucheuma seaweed (E 407a) and carboxymethylcellulose (E 466) on the intestines: a scoping review. Crit Rev Toxicol 2023; 53:521-571. [PMID: 38032203 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2023.2270574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
This scoping review provides an overview of publications reporting adverse effects on the intestines of the food additives carrageenan (CGN) (E 407)/processed Eucheuma seaweed (PES) (E 407a) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) (E 466). It includes evidence from human, experimental mammal and in vitro research publications, and other evidence. The databases Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Epistemonikos were searched without time limits, in addition to grey literature. The publications retrieved were screened against predefined criteria. From two literature searches, 2572 records were screened, of which 224 records were included, as well as 38 records from grey literature, making a total of 262 included publications, 196 on CGN and 101 on CMC. These publications were coded and analyzed in Eppi-Reviewer and data gaps presented in interactive maps. For CGN, five, 69 and 33 research publications on humans, experimental mammals and in vitro experiments were found, further separated as degraded or native (non-degraded) CGN. For CMC, three human, 20 animal and 14 in vitro research publications were obtained. The most studied adverse effects on the intestines were for both additives inflammation, the gut microbiome, including fermentation, intestinal permeability, and cancer and metabolic effects, and immune effects for CGN. Further studies should focus on native CGN, in the form and molecular weight used as food additive. For both additives, randomized controlled trials of sufficient power and with realistic dietary exposure levels of single additives, performed in persons of all ages, including potentially vulnerable groups, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirlinda Tahiri
- Department of Food Safety, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Celine Johnsrud
- Department of Food Safety, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger-Lise Steffensen
- Department of Food Safety, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Krawczyk A, Gosiewski T, Zapała B, Kowalska-Duplaga K, Salamon D. Alterations in intestinal Archaea composition in pediatric patients with Crohn's disease based on next-generation sequencing - a pilot study. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2276806. [PMID: 37955638 PMCID: PMC10653639 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2276806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal dysbiosis can lead to the induction of systemic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, such as Crohn's disease Although archaea are part of the commensal microbiota, they are still one of the least studied microorganisms. The aim of our study was the standardization of the optimal conditions and primers for sequencing of the gut archaeome using Next Generation Sequencing, and evaluation of the differences between the composition of archaea in patients and healthy volunteers, as well as analysis of the changes that occur in the archaeome of patients depending on disease activity. Newly diagnosed patients were characterized by similar archeal profiles at every taxonomic level as in healthy individuals (the dominance of Methanobacteria at the class level, and Methanobrevibacter at the genus level). In turn, in patients previously diagnosed with Crohn's disease (both in active and remission phase), an increased prevalence of Thermoplasmata, Thermoprotei, Halobacteria (at the class level), and Halococcus, Methanospaera or Picrophilus (at the genus level) were observed. Furthermore, we have found a significant correlation between the patient's parameters and the individual class or species of Archaea. Our study confirms changes in archaeal composition in pediatric patients with Crohn's disease, however, only in long-standing disease. At the beginning of the disease, the archeal profile is similar to that of healthy people. However, in the chronic form of the disease, significant differences in the composition of archaeome begin to appear. It seems that some archaea may be a good indicator of the chronicity and activity of Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Krawczyk
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Division of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - T. Gosiewski
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Division of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - B. Zapała
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- Jagiellonian University Hospital in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - K. Kowalska-Duplaga
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition,Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - D. Salamon
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Division of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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Sigall Boneh R, Westoby C, Oseran I, Sarbagili-Shabat C, Albenberg LG, Lionetti P, Manuel Navas-López V, Martín-de-Carpi J, Yanai H, Maharshak N, Van Limbergen J, Wine E. The Crohn's Disease Exclusion Diet: A Comprehensive Review of Evidence, Implementation Strategies, Practical Guidance, and Future Directions. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2023:izad255. [PMID: 37978895 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izad255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Dietary therapy is increasingly recognized for the management of Crohn's disease (CD) over recent years, including the use of exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) as first-line therapy for pediatric CD according to current guidelines. The Crohn's disease exclusion diet (CDED) is a whole-food diet designed to reduce exposure to dietary components that are potentially pro-inflammatory, mediated by negative effects on the gut microbiota, immune response, and the intestinal barrier. The CDED has emerged as a valid alternative to EEN with cumulative evidence, including randomized controlled trials, supporting use for induction of remission and possibly maintenance in children and adults. We gathered a group of multidisciplinary experts, including pediatric and adult gastroenterologists, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) expert dietitians, and a psychologist to discuss the evidence, identify gaps, and provide insights into improving the use of CDED based on a comprehensive review of CDED literature and professional experience. This article reviews the management of CDED in both children and adults, long-term aspects of CDED, indications and contraindications, selecting the best candidates, identifying challenges with CDED, globalization, the role of the multidisciplinary team, especially of dietitian, and future directions. We concluded that CDED is an established dietary therapy that could serve as an alternative to EEN in many pediatric and adult cases, especially with mild to moderate disease. In severe disease, complicated phenotypes, or with extraintestinal involvement, CDED should be considered on a case-by-case basis, according to physician and dietitians' discretion. More studies are warranted to assess the efficacy of CDED in different scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotem Sigall Boneh
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, The E. Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Catherine Westoby
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Ilan Oseran
- Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Chen Sarbagili-Shabat
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, The E. Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Lindsey G Albenberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paolo Lionetti
- Department Neurofarba, University of Florence, Meyer children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Víctor Manuel Navas-López
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit. Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga. IBIMA. Málaga, Spain
| | - Javier Martín-de-Carpi
- Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Henit Yanai
- IBD center, Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical center, Petach Tikva, Israel; affiliated with the Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nitsan Maharshak
- Tel Aviv Medical Center, affiliated to the Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Johan Van Limbergen
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health research institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eytan Wine
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Xiao N, Ruan S, Mo Q, Zhao M, Feng F. The Effect of Sodium Benzoate on Host Health: Insight into Physiological Indexes and Gut Microbiota. Foods 2023; 12:4081. [PMID: 38002138 PMCID: PMC10670719 DOI: 10.3390/foods12224081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium benzoate (SB) is a common food preservative widely used in the food industry. However, the effects of SB intake on host health at different stages were still unclear. Hence, we investigated the impact of SB with three concentrations (150 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg) and at three stages (intake for 5-weeks, intake for 10-weeks and removal for 5 weeks) on host health in normal mice. The results showed that SB intake for 5 weeks slightly changed gut microbiota composition, but it significantly increased TG (only 150 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg) and blood glucose levels (only 500 mg/kg) and promoted the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 (p < 0.01). However, SB intake for 10 weeks mostly maintained normal glucolipid metabolism; although, IL-1β (p < 0.01) and IL-6 (p < 0.05) levels were also significantly increased and positively regulated the gut microbiota by significantly increasing the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and significantly decreasing the relative abundance of Ileibacterium. Meanwhile, the safety of SB for host metabolism and gut microbiota was also confirmed via a fecal microbiota transplantation experiment. In addition, we found that SB removal after 10 weeks of intake significantly increased the levels of blood glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR index, which might be attributed to gut microbiota dysbiosis. Mechanistically, these positive effects and negative effects had no close relationship with the concentration of short-chain fatty acids in the gut, which might be associated with metabolites of SB or special bacterial strains. In short, this work provided positive evidence for the safety of SB consumption within the recommended range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanhai Xiao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (N.X.); (S.R.); (Q.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Shengyue Ruan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (N.X.); (S.R.); (Q.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Qiufen Mo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (N.X.); (S.R.); (Q.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Minjie Zhao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (N.X.); (S.R.); (Q.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Fengqin Feng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (N.X.); (S.R.); (Q.M.); (M.Z.)
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
- Zhongyuan Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Gou W, Miao Z, Deng K, Zheng JS. Nutri-microbiome epidemiology, an emerging field to disentangle the interplay between nutrition and microbiome for human health. Protein Cell 2023; 14:787-806. [PMID: 37099800 PMCID: PMC10636640 DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwad023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet and nutrition have a substantial impact on the human microbiome, and interact with the microbiome, especially gut microbiome, to modulate various diseases and health status. Microbiome research has also guided the nutrition field to a more integrative direction, becoming an essential component of the rising area of precision nutrition. In this review, we provide a broad insight into the interplay among diet, nutrition, microbiome, and microbial metabolites for their roles in the human health. Among the microbiome epidemiological studies regarding the associations of diet and nutrition with microbiome and its derived metabolites, we summarize those most reliable findings and highlight evidence for the relationships between diet and disease-associated microbiome and its functional readout. Then, the latest advances of the microbiome-based precision nutrition research and multidisciplinary integration are described. Finally, we discuss several outstanding challenges and opportunities in the field of nutri-microbiome epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanglong Gou
- Westlake Intelligent Biomarker Discovery Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Zelei Miao
- Westlake Intelligent Biomarker Discovery Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Kui Deng
- Westlake Intelligent Biomarker Discovery Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Ju-Sheng Zheng
- Westlake Intelligent Biomarker Discovery Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
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Cardozo LFMF, Borges NA, Ribeiro M, Yee-Moon Wang A, Mafra D. Protect the Kidneys and Save the Heart Using the Concept of Food as Medicine. J Ren Nutr 2023; 33:S110-S117. [PMID: 37676185 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease. In addition to traditional risk factors, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes and smoking, patients with chronic kidney disease have a uremic phenotype marked by premature aging, mitochondrial dysfunction, persistent low-grade inflammation, gut dysbiosis and oxidative stress. These complications contribute to abnormal vascular and myocardial remodeling processes, resulting in accelerated vascular calcification, cellular and organ senescence and a high risk of cardiovascular disease. Nonpharmacological strategies, such as increasing physical activity and a healthy diet, may slow the progression of kidney disease and consequently protect the heart. Thus, a deep promotion and advocacy of nutritional guidance based on scientific data is needed. This narrative review discusses how nutritional interventions may delay progressive organ damage in the kidney-heart axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila F M F Cardozo
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF) Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Natália A Borges
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Institute of Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcia Ribeiro
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)
| | - Angela Yee-Moon Wang
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Denise Mafra
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF) Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ).
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Yousefpoor Y, Esnaashari SS, Baharifar H, Mehrabi M, Amani A. Current challenges ahead in preparation, characterization, and pharmaceutical applications of nanoemulsions. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1920. [PMID: 37558229 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanoemulsions (NEs) are emulsions with particle size of less than around 100 nm. Reviewing the literature, several reports are available on NEs, including preparation, characterization, and applications of them. This review aims to brief challenges that researchers or formulators may encounter when working with NEs. For instance, when selecting NE components and identifying their concentrations, stability and safety of the preparation should be evaluated. When preparing an NE, issues over scale-up of the preparation as well as possible effects of the preparation process on the active ingredient need to be considered. When characterizing the NEs, the two major concerns are accuracy of the method and accessibility of the characterizing instrument. Also a highly efficient NE for clinical use to deliver the active ingredient to the target tissue with maximum safety profile is commonly sought. Throughout the review we also have tried to suggest approaches to overcome the challenges. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Yousefpoor
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
- Research Center of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Sara Esnaashari
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Baharifar
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Applied Biophotonics Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mehrabi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Amir Amani
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
- Department of Advanced Technologies, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
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Sandall A, Smith L, Svensen E, Whelan K. Emulsifiers in ultra-processed foods in the UK food supply. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:2256-2270. [PMID: 37732384 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023002021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ultra-processed foods (UPF), including those containing food additive emulsifiers, have received research attention due to evidence implicating them in the pathogenesis of certain diseases. The aims of this research were to develop a large-scale, brand-level database of UPF in the UK food supply and to characterise the occurrence and co-occurrence of food additive emulsifiers. DESIGN A database was compiled sampling all products from the food categories contributing to energy intake from UPF in the UK from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2008-2014). Every food in these categories were identified from online supermarket provision from the 'big four' supermarkets that dominate the market share in the UK, comprising Tesco, Sainsbury's, Asda and Morrisons. SETTING Major supermarkets in the UK. RESULTS A total of 32 719 food products in the UK supermarket food supply were returned in searches. Of these, 12 844 products were eligible and manually reviewed for the presence of emulsifiers. Emulsifiers were present in 6642 (51·7 %) food products. Emulsifiers were contained in 95·0 % of 'Pastries, buns and cakes', 81·9 % of 'Milk-based drinks', 81·0 % of 'Industrial desserts' and 77·5 % of 'Confectionary'. Fifty-one per cent of all emulsifier-containing foods contained multiple emulsifiers. Across emulsifier-containing foods, there were a median of two emulsifiers (IQR 2) per product. The five most common emulsifiers were lecithin (23·4 % of all products), mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (14·5 %), diphosphates (11·6 %), and xanthan gum and pectin (8·0 %). CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study are the first to demonstrate the widespread occurrence and co-occurrence of emulsifiers in UPF in the UK food supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Sandall
- King's College London, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Franklin Wilkins Building, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Leanne Smith
- King's College London, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Franklin Wilkins Building, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Erika Svensen
- King's College London, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Franklin Wilkins Building, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Kevin Whelan
- King's College London, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Franklin Wilkins Building, London, SE1 9NH, UK
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Harder HJ, Dauriat CJ, Chassaing B, Murphy AZ. Perinatal Morphine Exposure Induces Long-Term Changes in the Intestinal Microbiota of Male and Female Rats. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.20.558694. [PMID: 37790483 PMCID: PMC10542512 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.20.558694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The increased use of opioids by women of reproductive age has resulted in a dramatic rise in number of infants exposed to opioids in utero. Although perinatal opioid exposure (POE) has been associated with an elevated risk of infection and hospitalization later in life, the mechanism(s) by which opioids influence immune development and maturation is not fully elucidated. Alterations in the intestinal microbiota composition, which leads to changes in immune training and maturation, could be at play. Chronic opioid use in adults is associated with a proinflammatory and pathogenic microbiota composition; therefore, we hypothesized here that in utero morphine exposure could negatively affect intestinal microbiota composition, leading to alterations in immune system function. We report that a clinically-relevant model of perinatal opioid exposure, in rats, induces profound intestinal microbiota dysbiosis that is maintained into adulthood. Furthermore, microbial maturity was reduced in morphine-exposed offspring. This suggests that increased risk of infection observed in children exposed to opioids during gestation may be a consequence of microbiota alterations with downstream impact on immune system development. Further investigation of how perinatal morphine induces dysbiosis will be critical to the development of early life interventions designed to ameliorate the increased risk of infection observed in these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J. Harder
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave., Atlanta, GA, 30303
| | - Charlène J.G. Dauriat
- INSERM U1016, Team “Mucosal Microbiota in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases”, CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- INSERM U1016, Team “Mucosal Microbiota in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases”, CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Anne Z. Murphy
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave., Atlanta, GA, 30303
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Sellem L, Srour B, Javaux G, Chazelas E, Chassaing B, Viennois E, Debras C, Salamé C, Druesne-Pecollo N, Esseddik Y, de Edelenyi FS, Agaësse C, De Sa A, Lutchia R, Louveau E, Huybrechts I, Pierre F, Coumoul X, Fezeu LK, Julia C, Kesse-Guyot E, Allès B, Galan P, Hercberg S, Deschasaux-Tanguy M, Touvier M. Food additive emulsifiers and risk of cardiovascular disease in the NutriNet-Santé cohort: prospective cohort study. BMJ 2023; 382:e076058. [PMID: 37673430 PMCID: PMC10480690 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2023-076058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the associations between exposure to food additive emulsifiers and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING French NutriNet-Santé study, 2009-21. PARTICIPANTS 95 442 adults (>18 years) without prevalent CVD who completed at least three 24 hour dietary records during the first two years of follow-up. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Associations between intake of food additive emulsifiers (continuous (mg/day)) and risk of CVD, coronary heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease characterised using multivariable proportional hazard Cox models to compute hazard ratios for each additional standard deviation (SD) of emulsifier intake, along with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Mean age was 43.1 (SD 14.5) years, and 79.0% (n=75 390) of participants were women. During follow-up (median 7.4 years), 1995 incident CVD, 1044 coronary heart disease, and 974 cerebrovascular disease events were diagnosed. Higher intake of celluloses (E460-E468) was found to be positively associated with higher risks of CVD (hazard ratio for an increase of 1 standard deviation 1.05, 95% confidence interval 1.02 to 1.09, P=0.003) and coronary heart disease (1.07, 1.02 to 1.12, P=0.004). Specifically, higher cellulose E460 intake was linked to higher risks of CVD (1.05, 1.01 to 1.09, P=0.007) and coronary heart disease (1.07, 1.02 to 1.12, P=0.005), and higher intake of carboxymethylcellulose (E466) was associated with higher risks of CVD (1.03, 1.01 to 1.05, P=0.004) and coronary heart disease (1.04, 1.02 to 1.06, P=0.001). Additionally, higher intakes of monoglycerides and diglycerides of fatty acids (E471 and E472) were associated with higher risks of all outcomes. Among these emulsifiers, lactic ester of monoglycerides and diglycerides of fatty acids (E472b) was associated with higher risks of CVD (1.06, 1.02 to 1.10, P=0.002) and cerebrovascular disease (1.11, 1.06 to 1.16, P<0.001), and citric acid ester of monoglycerides and diglycerides of fatty acids (E472c) was associated with higher risks of CVD (1.04, 1.02 to 1.07, P=0.004) and coronary heart disease (1.06, 1.03 to 1.09, P<0.001). High intake of trisodium phosphate (E339) was associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease (1.06, 1.00 to 1.12, P=0.03). Sensitivity analyses showed consistent associations. CONCLUSION This study found positive associations between risk of CVD and intake of five individual and two groups of food additive emulsifiers widely used in industrial foods. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03335644.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laury Sellem
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
| | - Bernard Srour
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
| | - Guillaume Javaux
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
| | - Eloi Chazelas
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- INSERM U1016, team "Mucosal microbiota in chronic inflammatory diseases," Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Viennois
- INSERM U1149, Centre for Research on Inflammation, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Debras
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
| | - Clara Salamé
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
| | - Nathalie Druesne-Pecollo
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
| | - Younes Esseddik
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
| | - Fabien Szabo de Edelenyi
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
| | - Cédric Agaësse
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
| | - Alexandre De Sa
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
| | - Rebecca Lutchia
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
| | - Erwan Louveau
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Fabrice Pierre
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Léopold K Fezeu
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
| | - Chantal Julia
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
- Public Health Department, Groupe Hospitalier Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Bobigny, France
| | - Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
| | - Benjamin Allès
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
| | - Pilar Galan
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
- Public Health Department, Groupe Hospitalier Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Bobigny, France
| | - Mélanie Deschasaux-Tanguy
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
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Narula N, Chang NH, Mohammad D, Wong ECL, Ananthakrishnan AN, Chan SSM, Carbonnel F, Meyer A. Food Processing and Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 21:2483-2495.e1. [PMID: 36731590 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Several studies have been published on the association between food processing and risks of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), with some variability in results. We performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to study this association. METHODS From PubMed, Medline, and Embase until October 2022, we identified cohort studies that studied the association between food processing and the risk of CD or UC. Risk of bias of the included studies was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. We computed pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using random-effects meta-analysis based on estimates and standard errors. RESULTS A total of 1,068,425 participants were included (13,594,422 person-years) among 5 cohort studies published between 2020 and 2022. Four of the 5 included studies were scored as high quality. The average age of participants ranged from 43 to 56 years; 55%-83% were female. During follow-up, 916 participants developed CD, and 1934 developed UC. There was an increased risk for development of CD for participants with higher consumption of ultra-processed foods compared with those with lower consumption (HR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.37-2.14; I2 = 0%) and a lower risk of CD for participants with higher consumption of unprocessed/minimally processed foods compared with those with lower consumption (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.53-0.94; I2 = 11%). There was no association between risk of UC and ultra-processed foods (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.86-1.61; I2 = 74%) or unprocessed/minimally processed foods (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.68-1.02; I2 = 0%). CONCLUSIONS Higher ultra-processed food and lower unprocessed/minimally processed food intakes are associated with higher risk of CD but not UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Narula
- Department of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology) and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Nicole H Chang
- Department of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology) and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Danah Mohammad
- Department of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology) and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Emily C L Wong
- Department of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology) and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ashwin N Ananthakrishnan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Simon S M Chan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital and Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Franck Carbonnel
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris and Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Antoine Meyer
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris and Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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48
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Ogulur I, Yazici D, Pat Y, Bingöl EN, Babayev H, Ardicli S, Heider A, Rückert B, Sampath V, Dhir R, Akdis M, Nadeau K, Akdis CA. Mechanisms of gut epithelial barrier impairment caused by food emulsifiers polysorbate 20 and polysorbate 80. Allergy 2023; 78:2441-2455. [PMID: 37530764 DOI: 10.1111/all.15825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rising prevalence of many chronic diseases related to gut barrier dysfunction coincides with the increased global usage of dietary emulsifiers in recent decades. We therefore investigated the effect of the frequently used food emulsifiers on cytotoxicity, barrier function, transcriptome alterations, and protein expression in gastrointestinal epithelial cells. METHODS Human intestinal organoids originating from induced pluripotent stem cells, colon organoid organ-on-a-chip, and liquid-liquid interface cells were cultured in the presence of two common emulsifiers: polysorbate 20 (P20) and polysorbate 80 (P80). The cytotoxicity, transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), and paracellular-flux were measured. Immunofluorescence staining of epithelial tight-junctions (TJ), RNA-seq transcriptome, and targeted proteomics were performed. RESULTS Cells showed lysis in response to P20 and P80 exposure starting at a 0.1% (v/v) concentration across all models. Epithelial barrier disruption correlated with decreased TEER, increased paracellular-flux and irregular TJ immunostaining. RNA-seq and targeted proteomics analyses demonstrated upregulation of cell development, signaling, proliferation, apoptosis, inflammatory response, and response to stress at 0.05%, a concentration lower than direct cell toxicity. A proinflammatory response was characterized by the secretion of several cytokines and chemokines, interaction with their receptors, and PI3K-Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. CXCL5, CXCL10, and VEGFA were upregulated in response to P20 and CXCL1, CXCL8 (IL-8), CXCL10, LIF in response to P80. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides direct evidence on the detrimental effects of food emulsifiers P20 and P80 on intestinal epithelial integrity. The underlying mechanism of epithelial barrier disruption was cell death at concentrations between 1% and 0.1%. Even at concentrations lower than 0.1%, these polysorbates induced a proinflammatory response suggesting a detrimental effect on gastrointestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Ogulur
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Duygu Yazici
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Yagiz Pat
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Elif Naz Bingöl
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Huseyn Babayev
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Sena Ardicli
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Anja Heider
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Beate Rückert
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Vanitha Sampath
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Raja Dhir
- SEED Inc. Co., Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mubeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Kari Nadeau
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
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49
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Jadhav A, Bajaj A, Xiao Y, Markandey M, Ahuja V, Kashyap PC. Role of Diet-Microbiome Interaction in Gastrointestinal Disorders and Strategies to Modulate Them with Microbiome-Targeted Therapies. Annu Rev Nutr 2023; 43:355-383. [PMID: 37380178 PMCID: PMC10577587 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-061121-094908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Diet is an important determinant of health and consequently is often implicated in the development of disease, particularly gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, given the high prevalence of meal-related symptoms. The mechanisms underlying diet-driven pathophysiology are not well understood, but recent studies suggest that gut microbiota may mediate the effect of diet on GI physiology. In this review, we focus primarily on two distinct GI diseases where the role of diet has been best studied: irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease. We discuss how the concurrent and sequential utilization of dietary nutrients by the host and gut microbiota determines the eventual bioactive metabolite profiles in the gut and the biological effect of these metabolites on GI physiology. We highlight several concepts that can be gleaned from these findings, such as how distinct effects of an individual metabolite can influence diverse GI diseases, the effect of similar dietary interventions on multiple disease states, and the need for extensive phenotyping and data collection to help make personalized diet recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajita Jadhav
- Enteric Neuroscience Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA;
| | - Aditya Bajaj
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India;
| | - Yang Xiao
- Enteric Neuroscience Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA;
| | - Manasvini Markandey
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India;
| | - Vineet Ahuja
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India;
| | - Purna C Kashyap
- Enteric Neuroscience Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA;
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50
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Dufrusine B, Di Lisio C, Maurizio A, Sallese M, De Laurenzi V, Dainese E. Influence of food emulsifiers on cellular function and inflammation, a preliminary study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1197686. [PMID: 37599692 PMCID: PMC10434242 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1197686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Emulsifiers are extensively used as food additives and their consumption is increasing in Western countries. However, so far only few studies examined their potential effects on intestinal cellular functions and gut inflammation. The aim of this preliminary analysis was to study the emulsifiers and their concentrations capable of causing cellular damage compared to extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). We tested two commonly used emulsifiers (EMI, EMII) and EVOO on Caco-2 cells, derived from a colon carcinoma and widely used as a model of the intestinal inflammation. The diphenyltetrazolium bromide test MTT and clonogenic assay were used to study the effect of emulsifiers on cell viability. Cell migration was determined by the wound-healing assay. The inflammation was studied by measuring the levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), multifunctional cytokines with a major role in the acute-phase response. Furthermore, we analyzed the effect of conditioned media of Caco-2 cells treated with EMs on macrophages activation. In conclusion, our preliminary data provide evidence that EMs increase the proliferation and migration rate of Caco-2 cells. Moreover, Caco-2 cells treated with EMs enhance the IL-6 and CCL2 release and activated macrophages, supporting their role as proinflammatory molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Dufrusine
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | | | | | - Michele Sallese
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Laurenzi
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Enrico Dainese
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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