1
|
Purohit SK, Stern L, Corbett AJ, Mak JYW, Fairlie DP, Slobedman B, Abendroth A. Varicella Zoster Virus disrupts MAIT cell polyfunctional effector responses. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012372. [PMID: 39110717 PMCID: PMC11305569 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are unconventional T cells that respond to riboflavin biosynthesis and cytokines through TCR-dependent and -independent pathways, respectively. MAIT cell activation plays an immunoprotective role against several pathogens, however the functional capacity of MAIT cells following direct infection or exposure to infectious agents remains poorly defined. We investigated the impact of Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) on blood-derived MAIT cells and report virus-mediated impairment of activation, cytokine production, and altered transcription factor expression by VZV infected (antigen+) and VZV exposed (antigen-) MAIT cells in response to TCR-dependent and -independent stimulation. Furthermore, we reveal that suppression of VZV exposed (antigen-) MAIT cells is not mediated by a soluble factor from neighbouring VZV infected (antigen+) MAIT cells. Finally, we demonstrate that VZV impairs the cytolytic potential of MAIT cells in response to riboflavin synthesising bacteria. In summary, we report a virus-mediated immune-evasion strategy that disarms MAIT cell responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shivam. K. Purohit
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lauren Stern
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexandra J. Corbett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Y. W. Mak
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David P. Fairlie
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Barry Slobedman
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Allison Abendroth
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li X, Fu S, Cheng H, Ma M, Song Z, Li J, Wu S, Zhang C, Wang X, Tang M, Pu X, Ji Q, Liang J, Zhao Z, Körner H, Li B, Shao M, Wang H. Differentiation of Type 17 Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells in Circulation Contributes to the Severity of Sepsis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:1248-1261. [PMID: 38599461 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are essential in defending against infection. Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response to infection and a leading cause of death. The relationship between the overall competency of the host immune response and disease severity is not fully elucidated. This study identified a higher proportion of circulating MAIT17 with expression of IL-17A and retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γt in patients with sepsis. The proportion of MAIT17 was correlated with the severity of sepsis. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis revealed an enhanced expression of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) in MAIT17 in patients with sepsis. Cell-culture experiments demonstrated that phosphoinositide 3-kinase-LDHA signaling was required for retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γt expression in MAIT17. Finally, the elevated levels of plasma IL-18 promoted the differentiation of circulating MAIT17 cells in sepsis. In summary, this study reveals a new role of circulating MAIT17 in promoting sepsis severity and suggests the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-LDHA signaling as a driving force in MAIT17 responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Sicheng Fu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Min Ma
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zijian Song
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Maoyu Tang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China
| | - Xuexue Pu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qiang Ji
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jinquan Liang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhibin Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heinrich Körner
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Bin Li
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Departments of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine and Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Shao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zheng Y, Han F, Wu Z, Wang B, Chen X, Boulouis C, Jiang Y, Ho A, He D, Sia WR, Mak JYW, Fairlie DP, Wang LF, Sandberg JK, Lobie PE, Ma S, Leeansyah E. MAIT cell activation and recruitment in inflammation and tissue damage in acute appendicitis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn6331. [PMID: 38865451 PMCID: PMC11168461 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn6331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are antimicrobial T cells abundant in the gut, but mechanisms for their migration into tissues during inflammation are poorly understood. Here, we used acute pediatric appendicitis (APA), a model of acute intestinal inflammation, to examine these migration mechanisms. MAIT cells were lower in numbers in circulation of patients with APA but were enriched in the inflamed appendix with increased production of proinflammatory cytokines. Using the patient-derived appendix organoid (PDAO) model, we found that circulating MAIT cells treated with inflammatory cytokines elevated in APA up-regulated chemokine receptors, including CCR1, CCR3, and CCR4. They exhibited enhanced infiltration of Escherichia coli-pulsed PDAO in a CCR1-, CCR2-, and CCR4-dependent manner. Close interactions of MAIT cells with infected organoids led to the PDAO structural destruction and death. These findings reveal a previously unidentified mechanism of MAIT cell tissue homing, their participation in tissue damage in APA, and their intricate relationship with mucosal tissues during acute intestinal inflammation in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Zheng
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Centre, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fei Han
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhengyu Wu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bingjie Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Xingchi Chen
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Caroline Boulouis
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14152 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yuebin Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Zhangzhou Municipal Hospital of Fujian Province, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Amanda Ho
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Centre, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dan He
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Centre, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wan Rong Sia
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeffrey Y. W. Mak
- Centre for Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David P. Fairlie
- Centre for Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Johan K. Sandberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14152 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter E. Lobie
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Centre, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shaohua Ma
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Centre, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Edwin Leeansyah
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bengtsson B, Maucourant C, Sandberg JK, Björkström NK, Hagström H. Evaluation of mucosal-associated invariant T-cells as a potential biomarker to predict infection risk in liver cirrhosis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0294695. [PMID: 38691552 PMCID: PMC11062522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Infection is a serious complication in patients with cirrhosis. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are involved in the immune defense against infections and known to be impaired in several chronic conditions, including cirrhosis. Here, we evaluated if MAIT cell levels in peripheral blood are associated with risk of bacterial infections in patients with cirrhosis. METHODS Patients with cirrhosis seen at the Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, between 2016 and 2019 were included. Levels of MAIT cells in peripheral blood were determined using flow cytometry. Baseline and follow-up data after at least two years of follow-up were collected by chart review for the primary outcome (bacterial infection) and secondary outcomes (decompensation and death). Competing risk and Cox regression were performed. RESULTS We included 106 patients with cirrhosis. The median MAIT cells fraction in the circulation was 0.8% in cirrhosis compared to 6.1% in healthy controls. In contrast to our hypothesis, we found an association in the adjusted analysis between relatively preserved MAIT cell levels, and a slightly higher risk to develop bacterial infections (adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio (aSHR) 1.15 (95%CI = 1.01-1.31). However, MAIT cell levels were not associated with the risk of hepatic decompensation (aSHR 1.19 (95%CI = 0.91-1.56)) nor with death (adjusted hazard ratio 1.10 (95%CI = 0.97-1.22)). CONCLUSIONS Relatively preserved MAIT cell levels in blood of patients with cirrhosis were associated with a somewhat higher risk of bacterial infections. The clinical relevance of this might not be strong. MAIT cells might however be an interesting biomarker to explore in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie Bengtsson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher Maucourant
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan K. Sandberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas K. Björkström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannes Hagström
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sasano H, Harada N, Harada S, Takeshige T, Sandhu Y, Tanabe Y, Ishimori A, Matsuno K, Nagaoka T, Ito J, Chiba A, Akiba H, Atsuta R, Izuhara K, Miyake S, Takahashi K. Pretreatment circulating MAIT cells, neutrophils, and periostin predicted the real-world response after 1-year mepolizumab treatment in asthmatics. Allergol Int 2024; 73:94-106. [PMID: 37336695 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mepolizumab treatment improves symptom control and quality of life and reduces exacerbations in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma. However, biomarkers that predict therapeutic effectiveness must be determined for use in precision medicine. Herein, we elucidated the dynamics of various parameters before and after treatment as well as patient characteristics predictive of clinical responsiveness to mepolizumab after 1-year treatment. METHODS Twenty-seven patients with severe asthma were treated with mepolizumab for one year. Asthma control test scores, pulmonary function tests, fractional exhaled nitric oxide levels, and blood samples were evaluated. Additionally, we explored the role of CD69-positive mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells as a candidate biomarker for predicting treatment effectiveness by evaluating an OVA-induced asthma murine model using MR1 knockout mice, where MAIT cells were absent. RESULTS The frequencies of CD69-positive group 1 innate lymphoid cells, group 3 innate lymphoid cells, natural killer cells, and MAIT cells decreased after mepolizumab treatment. The frequency of CD69-positive MAIT cells and neutrophils was lower and serum periostin levels were higher in responders than in non-responders. In the OVA-induced asthma murine model, CD69-positive MAIT cell count in the whole mouse lung was significantly higher than that in the control mice. Moreover, OVA-induced eosinophilic airway inflammation was exacerbated in the MAIT cell-deficient MR1 knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that circulating CD69-positive MAIT cells, neutrophils, and serum periostin might predict the real-world response after 1-year mepolizumab treatment. Furthermore, MAIT cells potentially have a protective role against type 2 airway inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Sasano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihiro Harada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Sonoko Harada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohito Takeshige
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuuki Sandhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Ishimori
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Matsuno
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsutaro Nagaoka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Ito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asako Chiba
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisaya Akiba
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Atsuta
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Izuhara
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Sachiko Miyake
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zheng Y, Han F, Ho A, Xue Y, Wu Z, Chen X, Sandberg JK, Ma S, Leeansyah E. Role of MAIT cells in gastrointestinal tract bacterial infections in humans: More than a gut feeling. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:740-752. [PMID: 37353006 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are the largest population of unconventional T cells in humans. These antimicrobial T cells are poised with rapid effector responses following recognition of the cognate riboflavin (vitamin B2)-like metabolite antigens derived from microbial riboflavin biosynthetic pathway. Presentation of this unique class of small molecule metabolite antigens is mediated by the highly evolutionarily conserved major histocompatibility complex class I-related protein. In humans, MAIT cells are widely found along the upper and lower gastrointestinal tracts owing to their high expression of chemokine receptors and homing molecules directing them to these tissue sites. In this review, we discuss recent findings regarding the roles MAIT cells play in various gastrointestinal bacterial infections, and how their roles appear to differ depending on the etiological agents and the anatomical location. We further discuss the potential mechanisms by which MAIT cells contribute to pathogen control, orchestrate adaptive immunity, as well as their potential contribution to inflammation and tissue damage during gastrointestinal bacterial infections, and the ensuing tissue repair following resolution. Finally, we propose and discuss the use of the emerging three-dimensional organoid technology to test different hypotheses regarding the role of MAIT cells in gastrointestinal bacterial infections, inflammation, and immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Zheng
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China; Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Centre, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fei Han
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Amanda Ho
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China; Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Centre, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yiting Xue
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China; Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Centre, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhengyu Wu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xingchi Chen
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Johan K Sandberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shaohua Ma
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China; Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Centre, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Edwin Leeansyah
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang NI, Ninkov M, Haeryfar SMM. Classic costimulatory interactions in MAIT cell responses: from gene expression to immune regulation. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 213:50-66. [PMID: 37279566 PMCID: PMC10324557 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are evolutionarily conserved, innate-like T lymphocytes with enormous immunomodulatory potentials. Due to their strategic localization, their invariant T cell receptor (iTCR) specificity for major histocompatibility complex-related protein 1 (MR1) ligands of commensal and pathogenic bacterial origin, and their sensitivity to infection-elicited cytokines, MAIT cells are best known for their antimicrobial characteristics. However, they are thought to also play important parts in the contexts of cancer, autoimmunity, vaccine-induced immunity, and tissue repair. While cognate MR1 ligands and cytokine cues govern MAIT cell maturation, polarization, and peripheral activation, other signal transduction pathways, including those mediated by costimulatory interactions, regulate MAIT cell responses. Activated MAIT cells exhibit cytolytic activities and secrete potent inflammatory cytokines of their own, thus transregulating the biological behaviors of several other cell types, including dendritic cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, conventional T cells, and B cells, with significant implications in health and disease. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of how costimulatory pathways control MAIT cell responses may introduce new targets for optimized MR1/MAIT cell-based interventions. Herein, we compare and contrast MAIT cells and mainstream T cells for their expression of classic costimulatory molecules belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily and the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/TNF receptor superfamily, based not only on the available literature but also on our transcriptomic analyses. We discuss how these molecules participate in MAIT cells' development and activities. Finally, we introduce several pressing questions vis-à-vis MAIT cell costimulation and offer new directions for future research in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole I Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marina Ninkov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - S M Mansour Haeryfar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mehta H, Tasin I, Hackstein CP, Willberg C, Klenerman P. Prostaglandins differentially modulate mucosal-associated invariant T-cell activation and function according to stimulus. Immunol Cell Biol 2023; 101:262-272. [PMID: 36541521 PMCID: PMC10152717 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are an innate-like T-cell type conserved in many mammals and especially abundant in humans. Their semi-invariant T-cell receptor (TCR) recognizes the major histocompatibility complex-like molecule MR1 presenting riboflavin intermediates associated with microbial metabolism. Full MAIT cell triggering requires costimulation via cytokines, and the cells can also be effectively triggered in a TCR-independent manner by cytokines [e.g. interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-18 in combination]. Thus, triggering of MAIT cells is highly sensitive to local soluble mediators. Suppression of MAIT cell activation has not been well explored and could be very relevant to their roles in infection, inflammation and cancer. Prostaglandins (PG) are major local mediators of these microenvironments which can have regulatory roles for T cells. Here, we explored whether prostaglandins suppressed MAIT cell activation in response to TCR-dependent and TCR-independent signals. We found that protaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) and to a lesser extent protaglandin D2 (PGD2 ), but not leukotrienes, suppressed MAIT cell responses to Escherichia coli or TCR triggers. However, there was no impact on cytokine-induced triggering. The inhibition was blocked by targeting the signaling mediated via PG receptor 2 (PTGER2) and 4 (PTGER4) receptors in combination. These data indicate that prostaglandins can potentially modulate local MAIT cell functions in vivo and indicate distinct regulation of the TCR-dependent and TCR-independent pathways of MAIT cell activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hema Mehta
- The Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen ResearchUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Irene Tasin
- The Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen ResearchUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - Christian Willberg
- The Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen ResearchUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- The Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen ResearchUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- NIHR Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ashley CL, McSharry BP, McWilliam HEG, Stanton RJ, Fielding CA, Mathias RA, Fairlie DP, McCluskey J, Villadangos JA, Rossjohn J, Abendroth A, Slobedman B. Suppression of MR1 by human cytomegalovirus inhibits MAIT cell activation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1107497. [PMID: 36845106 PMCID: PMC9950634 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1107497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The antigen presentation molecule MHC class I related protein-1 (MR1) is best characterized by its ability to present bacterially derived metabolites of vitamin B2 biosynthesis to mucosal-associated invariant T-cells (MAIT cells). Methods Through in vitro human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in the presence of MR1 ligand we investigate the modulation of MR1 expression. Using coimmunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, expression by recombinant adenovirus and HCMV deletion mutants we investigate HCMV gpUS9 and its family members as potential regulators of MR1 expression. The functional consequences of MR1 modulation by HCMV infection are explored in coculture activation assays with either Jurkat cells engineered to express the MAIT cell TCR or primary MAIT cells. MR1 dependence in these activation assays is established by addition of MR1 neutralizing antibody and CRISPR/Cas-9 mediated MR1 knockout. Results Here we demonstrate that HCMV infection efficiently suppresses MR1 surface expression and reduces total MR1 protein levels. Expression of the viral glycoprotein gpUS9 in isolation could reduce both cell surface and total MR1 levels, with analysis of a specific US9 HCMV deletion mutant suggesting that the virus can target MR1 using multiple mechanisms. Functional assays with primary MAIT cells demonstrated the ability of HCMV infection to inhibit bacterially driven, MR1-dependent activation using both neutralizing antibodies and engineered MR1 knockout cells. Discussion This study identifies a strategy encoded by HCMV to disrupt the MR1:MAIT cell axis. This immune axis is less well characterized in the context of viral infection. HCMV encodes hundreds of proteins, some of which regulate the expression of antigen presentation molecules. However the ability of this virus to regulate the MR1:MAIT TCR axis has not been studied in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline L. Ashley
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, and the Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brian P. McSharry
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, and the Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Hamish E. G. McWilliam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology (Bio21), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard J. Stanton
- Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ceri A. Fielding
- Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Rommel A. Mathias
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David P. Fairlie
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - James McCluskey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jose A. Villadangos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology (Bio21), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Allison Abendroth
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, and the Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Barry Slobedman
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, and the Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Han F, Gulam MY, Zheng Y, Zulhaimi NS, Sia WR, He D, Ho A, Hadadi L, Liu Z, Qin P, Lobie PE, Kamarulzaman A, Wang LF, Sandberg JK, Lewin SR, Rajasuriar R, Leeansyah E. IL7RA single nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with the size and function of the MAIT cell population in treated HIV-1 infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:985385. [PMID: 36341446 PMCID: PMC9632172 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.985385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MAIT cells are persistently depleted and functionally exhausted in HIV-1-infected patients despite long-term combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). IL-7 treatment supports MAIT cell reconstitution in vivo HIV-1-infected individuals and rescues their functionality in vitro. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the IL-7RA gene modulate the levels of soluble(s)IL-7Rα (sCD127) levels and influence bioavailability of circulating IL-7. Here we evaluate the potential influence of IL-7RA polymorphisms on MAIT cell numbers and function in healthy control (HC) subjects and HIV-1-infected individuals on long-term cART. Our findings indicate that IL-7RA haplotype 2 (H2*T), defined as T-allele carriers at the tagging SNP rs6897932, affects the size of the peripheral blood MAIT cell pool, as well as their production of cytokines and cytolytic effector proteins in response to bacterial stimulation. H2*T carriers had lower sIL-7Rα levels and higher MAIT cell frequency with enhanced functionality linked to higher expression of MAIT cell-associated transcription factors. Despite an average of 7 years on suppressive cART, MAIT cell levels and function in HIV-1-infected individuals were still significantly lower than those of HC. Notably, we observed a significant correlation between MAIT cell levels and cART duration only in HIV-1-infected individuals carrying IL-7RA haplotype 2. Interestingly, treatment with sIL-7Rα in vitro suppressed IL-7-dependent MAIT cell proliferation and function following cognate stimulations. These observations suggest that sIL-7Rα levels may influence MAIT cell numbers and function in vivo by limiting IL-7 bioavailability to MAIT cells. Collectively, these observations suggest that IL-7RA polymorphisms may play a significant role in MAIT cell biology and influence MAIT cells recovery in HIV-1 infection. The potential links between IL7RA polymorphisms, MAIT cell immunobiology, and HIV-1 infection warrant further studies going forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Han
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Centre, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Muhammad Yaaseen Gulam
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yichao Zheng
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Centre, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nurul Syuhada Zulhaimi
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Rong Sia
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dan He
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Centre, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Amanda Ho
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Centre, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Leila Hadadi
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Centre, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peiwu Qin
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Centre, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peter E. Lobie
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Centre, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Adeeba Kamarulzaman
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Johan K. Sandberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sharon R. Lewin
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Reena Rajasuriar
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Edwin Leeansyah
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Centre, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Edwin Leeansyah,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate T cells that recognize bacterial metabolites and secrete cytokines and cytolytic enzymes to destroy infected target cells. This makes MAIT cells promising targets for immunotherapy to combat bacterial infections. Here, we analyzed the effects of an immunotherapeutic agent, the IL-15 superagonist N-803, on MAIT cell activation, trafficking, and cytolytic function in macaques. We found that N-803 could activate MAIT cells in vitro and increase their ability to produce IFN-γ in response to bacterial stimulation. To expand upon this, we examined the phenotypes and functions of MAIT cells present in samples collected from PBMC, airways (bronchoalveolar lavage [BAL] fluid), and lymph nodes (LN) from rhesus macaques that were treated in vivo with N-803. N-803 treatment led to a transient 6 to 7-fold decrease in the total number of MAIT cells in the peripheral blood, relative to pre N-803 time points. Concurrent with the decrease in cells in the peripheral blood, we observed a rapid decline in the frequency of CXCR3+CCR6+ MAITs. This corresponded with an increase in the frequency of CCR6+ MAITs in the BAL fluid, and higher frequencies of ki-67+ and granzyme B+ MAITs in the blood, LN, and BAL fluid. Finally, N-803 improved the ability of MAIT cells collected from PBMC and airways to produce IFN-γ in response to bacterial stimulation. Overall, N-803 shows the potential to transiently alter the phenotypes and functions of MAIT cells, which could be combined with other strategies to combat bacterial infections.
Collapse
|
12
|
Bai H, Ma J, Mao W, Zhang X, Nie Y, Hao J, Wang X, Qin H, Zeng Q, Hu F, Qi X, Chen X, Li D, Zhang B, Shi B, Zhang C. Identification of TCR repertoires in asymptomatic COVID-19 patients by single-cell T-cell receptor sequencing. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2022; 97:102678. [PMID: 35716403 PMCID: PMC9162783 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2022.102678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The T cell-mediated immune responses associated with asymptomatic infection (AS) of SARS-CoV-2 remain largely unknown. The diversity of T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire is essential for generating effective immunity against viral infections in T cell response. Here, we performed the single-cell TCR sequencing of the PBMC samples from five AS subjects, 33 symptomatic COVID-19 patients and eleven healthy controls to investigate the size and the diversity of TCR repertoire. We subsequently analyzed the TCR repertoire diversity, the V and J gene segment deference, and the dominant combination of αβ VJ gene pairing among these three study groups. Notably, we revealed significant TCR preference in the AS group, including the skewed usage of TRAV1-2-J33-TRBV6-4-J2-2 and TRAV1-2-J33-TRBV6-1-J2-3. Our findings may shed new light on understanding the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 and help identify optimal TCRs for development of novel therapeutic strategies against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Bai
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China; The MED-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Building 21, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Junpeng Ma
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China; The MED-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Building 21, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Weikang Mao
- LC-BIO TECHNOLOGIES (HANGZHOU) CO., LTD., Hanghzhou 310000, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Precision Medicine, The Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Zhengjie, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yijun Nie
- Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Precision Medicine, The Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Zhengjie, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jingcan Hao
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiaorui Wang
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China; The MED-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Building 21, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Hongyu Qin
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China; The MED-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Building 21, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Qiqi Zeng
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China; The MED-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Building 21, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Fang Hu
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China; The MED-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Building 21, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China; The MED-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Building 21, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Xiaobei Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, East campus, Gaoxin 6th Road, East Lake New Technology Development Zone, Wuhan 430040, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, East campus, Gaoxin 6th Road, East Lake New Technology Development Zone, Wuhan 430040, China
| | - Binghong Zhang
- The Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, East campus, Gaoxin 6th Road, East Lake New Technology Development Zone, Wuhan 430040, China
| | - Bingyin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Chengsheng Zhang
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China; The MED-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Building 21, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an 710000, China; Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Precision Medicine, The Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Zhengjie, Nanchang 330006, China; Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China; The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang X, Bai H, Ma J, Qin H, Zeng Q, Hu F, Jiang T, Mao W, Zhao Y, Chen X, Qi X, Li M, Xu J, Hao J, Wang Y, Ding X, Liu Y, Huang T, Fang C, Ge C, Li D, Hu K, Ren X, Zhang B, Zhang B, Shi B, Zhang C. Identification of Distinct Immune Cell Subsets Associated With Asymptomatic Infection, Disease Severity, and Viral Persistence in COVID-19 Patients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:812514. [PMID: 35281000 PMCID: PMC8905648 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.812514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell-mediated protective and pathogenic immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection remain largely elusive. Here we identified 76 distinct cell subsets in the PBMC samples that were associated with various clinical presentations of COVID-19 using scRNA-seq technology coupled with a deep and comprehensive analysis of unique cell surface markers and differentially expressed genes. We revealed that (TRAV1-2+CD8+)MAIT cells and (NCAM1hiCD160+)NK cells significantly enriched in the asymptomatic subjects whereas (LAG3+CD160+CD8+)NKT cells increased in the symptomatic patients. We also observed that (CD68-CSF1R-IL1BhiCD14+)classical monocytes were positively correlated with the disease severity. Moreover, (CD33-HLA-DMA-CD14+)classical monocytes and (CLEC10A-S100A9lo)pDC were associated with the viral persistence. The GO and KEGG analyses identified enriched pathways related to immune responses, inflammation, and apoptosis. These findings may enhance our understanding of the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 and help develop novel strategies against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Wang
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,The MED-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Han Bai
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,The MED-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Junpeng Ma
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,The MED-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongyu Qin
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,The MED-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiqi Zeng
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,The MED-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fang Hu
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,The MED-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Weikang Mao
- LC-Bio Technologies, Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaobei Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,The MED-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengyang Li
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiao Xu
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,The MED-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingcan Hao
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yankui Wang
- Dialysis Center, The Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuanrui Liu
- LC-Bio Technologies, Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Chao Fang
- LC-Bio Technologies, Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Changli Ge
- LC-Bio Technologies, Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianwen Ren
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Baojun Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Bingyin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chengsheng Zhang
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,The MED-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Boulouis C, Leeansyah E, Mairpady Shambat S, Norrby-Teglund A, Sandberg JK. Mucosa-Associated Invariant T Cell Hypersensitivity to Staphylococcus aureus Leukocidin ED and Its Modulation by Activation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:1170-1179. [PMID: 35140134 PMCID: PMC9012079 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells recognize bacterial riboflavin metabolite Ags presented by MHC class Ib-related protein (MR1) and play important roles in immune control of microbes that synthesize riboflavin. This includes the pathobiont Staphylococcus aureus, which can also express a range of virulence factors, including the secreted toxin leukocidin ED (LukED). In this study, we found that human MAIT cells are hypersensitive to LukED-mediated lysis and lost on exposure to the toxin, leaving a T cell population devoid of MAIT cells. The cytolytic effect of LukED on MAIT cells was rapid and occurred at toxin concentrations lower than those required for toxicity against conventional T cells. Furthermore, this coincided with high MAIT cell expression of CCR5, and loss of these cells was efficiently inhibited by the CCR5 inhibitor maraviroc. Interestingly, exposure and preactivation of MAIT cells with IL-12 and IL-18, or activation via TCR triggering, partially protected from LukED toxicity. Furthermore, analysis of NK cells indicated that LukED targeted the mature cytotoxic CD57+ NK cell subset in a CCR5-independent manner. Overall, these results indicate that LukED efficiently eliminates immune cells that can respond rapidly to S. aureus in an innate fashion without the need for clonal expansion, and that MAIT cells are exceptionally vulnerable to this toxin. Thus, the findings support a model where LukED secretion may allow S. aureus to avoid recognition by the rapid cell-mediated responses mediated by MAIT cells and NK cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Boulouis
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Edwin Leeansyah
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China; and
- Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Anna Norrby-Teglund
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan K Sandberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cooper AJR, Clegg J, Cassidy FC, Hogan AE, McLoughlin RM. Human MAIT Cells Respond to Staphylococcus aureus with Enhanced Anti-Bacterial Activity. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10010148. [PMID: 35056597 PMCID: PMC8778732 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells have been shown to play protective roles during infection with diverse pathogens through their propensity for rapid innate-like cytokine production and cytotoxicity. Among the potential applications for MAIT cells is to defend against Staphylococcus aureus, a pathogen of serious clinical significance. However, it is unknown how MAIT cell responses to S. aureus are elicited, nor has it been investigated whether MAIT cell cytotoxicity is mobilized against intracellular S. aureus. In this study, we investigate the capacity of human MAIT cells to respond directly to S. aureus. MAIT cells co-cultured with dendritic cells (DCs) infected with S. aureus rapidly upregulate CD69, express IFNγ and Granzyme B and degranulate. DC secretion of IL-12, but not IL-18, was implicated in this immune response, while TCR binding of MR1 is required to commence cytokine production. MAIT cell cytotoxicity resulted in apoptosis of S. aureus-infected cells, and reduced intracellular persistence of S. aureus. These findings implicate these unconventional T cells in important, rapid anti-S. aureus responses that may be of great relevance to the ongoing development of novel anti-S. aureus treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. R. Cooper
- Host Pathogen Interactions Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland; (A.J.R.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Jonah Clegg
- Host Pathogen Interactions Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland; (A.J.R.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Féaron C. Cassidy
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 F2K8 Maynooth, Ireland; (F.C.C.); (A.E.H.)
| | - Andrew E. Hogan
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 F2K8 Maynooth, Ireland; (F.C.C.); (A.E.H.)
| | - Rachel M. McLoughlin
- Host Pathogen Interactions Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland; (A.J.R.C.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-1-896-2526
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Du Y, Khera T, Strunz B, Deterding K, Todt D, Woller N, Engelskircher SA, Hardtke S, Port K, Ponzetta A, Steinmann E, Cornberg M, Hengst J, Björkström NK, Wedemeyer H. Imprint of unconventional T-cell response in acute hepatitis C persists despite successful early antiviral treatment. Eur J Immunol 2021; 52:472-483. [PMID: 34843107 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Unconventional T cells (UTCs) are a heterogeneous group of T cells that typically exhibit rapid responses toward specific antigens from pathogens. Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection causes dysfunction of several subsets of UTCs. This altered phenotype and function of UTCs can persist over time even after direct-acting antiviral (DAA)-mediated clearance of chronic HCV. However, it is less clear if and how UTCs respond in acute, symptomatic HCV infection, a rare clinical condition, and if rapid DAA treatment of such patients reverses the caused perturbations within UTCs. Here, we comprehensively analyzed the phenotype and reinvigoration capacity of three major UTC populations, mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, γδ T cells, and CD4 and CD8 double-negative αβ T cells (DNT cells) before, during, and after DAA-mediated clearance of acute symptomatic HCV infection. Furthermore, MAIT cell functionality was systematically studied. We observed a reduced frequency of MAIT cells. However, remaining cells presented with a near-to-normal phenotype in acute infection, which contrasted with a significant dysfunction upon stimulation that was not restored after viral clearance. Notably, DNT and γδ T cells displayed a strong activation ex-vivo in acute HCV infection, which subsequently normalized during the treatment. In addition, DNT cell activation was specifically associated with liver inflammation and inflammatory cytokines. Altogether, these data provide evidence that UTCs respond in a cell type-specific manner during symptomatic HCV infection. However, even if early treatment is initiated, long-lasting imprints within UTCs remain over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Du
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tanvi Khera
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Benedikt Strunz
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katja Deterding
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniel Todt
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,European Virus Bioinformatics Center (EVBC), Jena, Germany
| | - Norman Woller
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sophie Anna Engelskircher
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Svenja Hardtke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), HepNet Study-House, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kerstin Port
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrea Ponzetta
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eike Steinmann
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Markus Cornberg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), HepNet Study-House, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Individualized Infection Medicine (CIIM), Hannover, Germany.,Twincore, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST: EXC), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Hengst
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Niklas K Björkström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), HepNet Study-House, Hannover, Germany
| | -
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jarvis EM, Collings S, Authier-Hall A, Dasyam N, Luey B, Nacey J, Painter GF, Delahunt B, Hermans IF, Weinkove R. Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) Cell Dysfunction and PD-1 Expression in Prostate Cancer: Implications for Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:748741. [PMID: 34737749 PMCID: PMC8560687 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.748741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men worldwide. Despite an abundance of prostate-specific antigens, immunotherapies have yet to become a standard of care, potentially limited by T-cell dysfunction. Up to 10% of human circulating T-cells, and a significant fraction in the urogenital tract, are mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. MAIT cells express stereotyped T-cell receptors that recognize riboflavin metabolites derived from microbes presented by MR-1. We evaluated the number, phenotype and function of circulating MAIT cells, alongside two other innate-like T (ILT) -cell subsets, in men with prostate cancer and age- and sex-matched controls. MAIT cells in men with prostate cancer circulated at similar frequencies to controls, but their cytokine production and proliferation was impaired. In contrast, the function of two other ILT-cell populations (natural killer T-cells and Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells) was not impaired. In both patients and controls, MAIT cells expressed high levels of the immune checkpoint molecule PD-1 at rest, while upregulation of PD-1 in response to the MR-1 ligand 5-amino-6D-ribitylaminouracil (5-A-RU) was greater in patients. 5-A-RU also induced upregulation of PD-L1 and -L2 RNA in primary mononuclear cells. We confirmed that circulating MAIT cell number and function were preserved before and during anti-PD1 therapy with pembrolizumab in a cohort of patients with melanoma. In vitro, 5-A-RU enhanced mononuclear cell cytotoxicity against the PD-L1 positive prostate cancer cell line PC3 in an MR-1-dependent manner. Addition of pembrolizumab enhanced this cytotoxicity, and was associated with increased MAIT cell expression of CD107a and IFN-γ. We conclude that prostate cancer is associated with MAIT-cell dysfunction, and that this might be overcome through the application of potent MR-1 ligands with PD-1 blockade. These findings may have implications for the development of cancer immunotherapies that exploit MAIT cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellie-May Jarvis
- Cancer Immunotherapy Programme, Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand.,Wellington Blood and Cancer Centre, Capital & Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Shaun Collings
- Cancer Immunotherapy Programme, Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand.,Wellington Blood and Cancer Centre, Capital & Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Astrid Authier-Hall
- Cancer Immunotherapy Programme, Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Nathaniel Dasyam
- Cancer Immunotherapy Programme, Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Brendan Luey
- Wellington Blood and Cancer Centre, Capital & Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - John Nacey
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Gavin F Painter
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.,Immuno-oncology Programme, Maurice Wilkins Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Brett Delahunt
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Ian F Hermans
- Cancer Immunotherapy Programme, Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand.,Immuno-oncology Programme, Maurice Wilkins Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Robert Weinkove
- Cancer Immunotherapy Programme, Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand.,Wellington Blood and Cancer Centre, Capital & Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Healy K, Pavesi A, Parrot T, Sobkowiak MJ, Reinsbach SE, Davanian H, Tan AT, Aleman S, Sandberg JK, Bertoletti A, Sällberg Chen M. Human MAIT cells endowed with HBV specificity are cytotoxic and migrate towards HBV-HCC while retaining antimicrobial functions. JHEP Rep 2021; 3:100318. [PMID: 34377970 PMCID: PMC8327138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2021.100318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Virus-specific T cell dysfunction is a common feature of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC). Conventional T (ConT) cells can be redirected towards viral antigens in HBV-HCC when they express an HBV-specific receptor; however, their efficacy can be impaired by liver-specific physical and metabolic features. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are the most abundant innate-like T cells in the liver and can elicit potent intrahepatic effector functions. Here, we engineered ConT and MAIT cells to kill HBV expressing hepatoma cells and compared their functional properties. METHODS Donor-matched ConT and MAIT cells were engineered to express an HBV-specific T cell receptor (TCR). Cytotoxicity and hepatocyte homing potential were investigated using flow cytometry, real-time killing assays, and confocal microscopy in 2D and 3D HBV-HCC cell models. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-related molecule (MR1)-dependent and MR1-independent activation was evaluated in an Escherichia coli THP-1 cell model and by IL-12/IL-18 stimulation, respectively. RESULTS HBV TCR-MAIT cells demonstrated polyfunctional properties (CD107a, interferon [IFN] γ, tumour necrosis factor [TNF], and IL-17A) with strong HBV target sensitivity and liver-homing chemokine receptor expression when compared with HBV TCR-ConT cells. TCR-mediated lysis of hepatoma cells was comparable between the cell types and augmented in the presence of inflammation. Coculturing with HBV+ target cells in a 3D microdevice mimicking aspects of the liver microenvironment demonstrated that TCR-MAIT cells migrate readily towards hepatoma targets. Expression of an ectopic TCR did not affect the ability of the MAIT cells to be activated via MR1-presented bacterial antigens or IL-12/IL-18 stimulation. CONCLUSIONS HBV TCR-MAIT cells demonstrate anti-HBV functions without losing their endogenous antimicrobial mechanisms or hepatotropic features. Our results support future exploitations of MAIT cells for liver-directed immunotherapies. LAY SUMMARY Chronic HBV infection is a leading cause of liver cancer. T cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T cells are patients' immune cells that have been modified to recognise virus-infected and/or cancer cells. Herein, we evaluated whether mucosal-associated invariant T cells, a large population of unconventional T cells in the liver, could recognise and kill HBV infected hepatocytes when engineered with an HBV-specific TCR. We show that their effector functions may exceed those of conventional T cells currently used in the clinic, including antimicrobial properties and chemokine receptor profiles better suited for targeting liver tumours.
Collapse
Key Words
- 5-OP-RU, 5-(2-oxopropylideneamino)-6-d-ribitylaminouracil
- APC, allophycocyanin
- Adoptive cell transfer
- CAR, chimeric antigen receptor
- CCR, CC chemokine receptor
- CXCL, chemokine (CXC) ligand
- CXCR, CXC chemokine receptor
- ConT, conventional T
- DCI, dead cell index
- FMO, fluorescence minus one
- FSC, forward scatter
- HBV
- HCC
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HLA, human leukocyte antigen
- IFN, interferon
- IR, irrelevant peptide
- MAIT cells
- MAIT, mucosal-associated invariant T
- MFI, mean fluorescence intensity
- MHC, major histocompatibility complex
- MR1, MHC class I-related molecule
- PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell
- PE, phycoerythrin
- PMA, phorbol myristate acetate
- RT, room temperature
- SSC, side scatter
- TCR, T cell receptor
- TCR-T cells
- TNF, tumour necrosis function
- UMAP, Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection
- VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1
- VLA-4, very late antigen-4
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie Healy
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Pavesi
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A∗STAR, Singapore
| | - Tiphaine Parrot
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Susanne E. Reinsbach
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Haleh Davanian
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anthony T. Tan
- Programme of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Soo Aleman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan K. Sandberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonio Bertoletti
- Programme of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dong S, Hiam-Galvez KJ, Mowery CT, Herold KC, Gitelman SE, Esensten JH, Liu W, Lares AP, Leinbach AS, Lee M, Nguyen V, Tamaki SJ, Tamaki W, Tamaki CM, Mehdizadeh M, Putnam AL, Spitzer MH, Ye CJ, Tang Q, Bluestone JA. The effects of low-dose IL-2 on Treg adoptive cell therapy in patients with Type 1 diabetes. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e147474. [PMID: 34324441 PMCID: PMC8492314 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.147474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A previous phase I study showed that the infusion of autologous Tregs expanded ex vivo into patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) had an excellent safety profile. However, the majority of the infused Tregs were undetectable in the peripheral blood 3 months postinfusion (Treg-T1D trial). Therefore, we conducted a phase I study (TILT trial) combining polyclonal Tregs and low-dose IL-2, shown to enhance Treg survival and expansion, and assessed the impact over time on Treg populations and other immune cells. METHODS Patients with T1D were treated with a single infusion of autologous polyclonal Tregs followed by one or two 5-day courses of recombinant human low-dose IL-2 (ld-IL-2). Flow cytometry, cytometry by time of flight, and 10x Genomics single-cell RNA-Seq were used to follow the distinct immune cell populations’ phenotypes over time. RESULTS Multiparametric analysis revealed that the combination therapy led to an increase in the number of infused and endogenous Tregs but also resulted in a substantial increase from baseline in a subset of activated NK, mucosal associated invariant T, and clonal CD8+ T cell populations. CONCLUSION These data support the hypothesis that ld-IL-2 expands exogenously administered Tregs but also can expand cytotoxic cells. These results have important implications for the use of a combination of ld-IL-2 and Tregs for the treatment of autoimmune diseases with preexisting active immunity. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01210664 (Treg-T1D trial), NCT02772679 (TILT trial). FUNDING Sean N. Parker Autoimmune Research Laboratory Fund, National Center for Research Resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shen Dong
- Diabetes Center, UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America
| | - Kamir J Hiam-Galvez
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America
| | - Cody T Mowery
- Institute for Human Genetics, UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America
| | - Kevan C Herold
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States of America
| | - Stephen E Gitelman
- Division Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America
| | - Jonathan H Esensten
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America
| | - Weihong Liu
- Diabetes Center, UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America
| | - Angela P Lares
- Diabetes Center, UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America
| | | | - Michael Lee
- Diabetes Center, UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America
| | - Vinh Nguyen
- Diabetes Center, UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America
| | - Stanley J Tamaki
- Flow Cytometry Core Parnassus, UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America
| | - Whitney Tamaki
- Diabetes Center, UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America
| | | | | | - Amy L Putnam
- Diabetes Center, UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America
| | - Matthew H Spitzer
- Department of Otolaryngology, UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America
| | - C Jimmie Ye
- Institute for Human Genetics, UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America
| | - Qizhi Tang
- Division of Transplant Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Schubert K, Karkossa I, Schor J, Engelmann B, Steinheuer LM, Bruns T, Rolle-Kampczyk U, Hackermüller J, von Bergen M. A Multi-Omics Analysis of Mucosal-Associated-Invariant T Cells Reveals Key Drivers of Distinct Modes of Activation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:616967. [PMID: 34108957 PMCID: PMC8183572 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.616967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells highly depends on the mode of activation, either by recognition of bacterial metabolites via their T cell receptor (TCR) or in a TCR-independent manner via cytokines. The underlying molecular mechanisms are not entirely understood. To define the activation of MAIT cells on the molecular level, we applied a multi-omics approach with untargeted transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics. Transcriptomic analysis of E. coli- and TCR-activated MAIT cells showed a distinct transcriptional reprogramming, including altered pathways, transcription factors and effector molecules. We validated the consequences of this reprogramming on the phenotype by proteomics and metabolomics. Thus, and to distinguish between TCR-dependent and -independent activation, MAIT cells were stimulated with IL12/IL18, anti-CD3/CD28 or both. Only a combination of both led to full activation of MAIT cells, comparable to activation by E. coli. Using an integrated network-based approach, we identified key drivers of the distinct modes of activation, including cytokines and transcription factors, as well as negative feedback regulators like TWIST1 or LAG3. Taken together, we present novel insights into the biological function of MAIT cells, which may represent a basis for therapeutic approaches to target MAIT cells in pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Schubert
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Isabel Karkossa
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jana Schor
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Beatrice Engelmann
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lisa Maria Steinheuer
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tony Bruns
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen (RWTH), Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Rolle-Kampczyk
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörg Hackermüller
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sia WR, Hey YY, Foo R, Wang LF, Leeansyah E. Culture, expansion, and flow-cytometry-based functional analysis of pteropid bat MR1-restricted unconventional T cells. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100487. [PMID: 34041501 PMCID: PMC8141941 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bats harbor viruses of global public health significance. Understanding bat immune systems may provide intervention strategies to prevent zoonotic disease transmission and identify therapeutic targets. This protocol describes how to culture and expand pteropid bat unconventional T cells, restricted by the MHC-I-related protein 1 (MR1), an MHC-I-like protein. Using multicolor flow-cytometry-based techniques, we examine pteropid MR1T cell functionality, including proliferative capacity, cytotoxicity, and cytokine production. This protocol can be adapted to aid immunological research in other bat species. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Leeansyah et al. (2020b) Studies into bat immune systems are hampered by the lack of specific protocols Protocol describes culture and expansion of pteropid bat MR1-restricted T cells Performs antigen-specific stimulations of pteropid bat MR1-restricted T cells Flow-cytometry-based analyses of proliferation, cytotoxicity, and cytokine production
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan Rong Sia
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Ying Ying Hey
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Randy Foo
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Edwin Leeansyah
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.,Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.,Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14183 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Moriarty RV, Ellis AL, O’Connor SL. Monkeying around with MAIT Cells: Studying the Role of MAIT Cells in SIV and Mtb Co-Infection. Viruses 2021; 13:863. [PMID: 34066765 PMCID: PMC8151491 DOI: 10.3390/v13050863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There were an estimated 10 million new cases of tuberculosis (TB) disease in 2019. While over 90% of individuals successfully control Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, which causes TB disease, HIV co-infection often leads to active TB disease. Despite the co-endemic nature of HIV and TB, knowledge of the immune mechanisms contributing to the loss of control of Mtb replication during HIV infection is lacking. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T cells that target and destroy bacterially-infected cells and may contribute to the control of Mtb infection. Studies examining MAIT cells in human Mtb infection are commonly performed using peripheral blood samples. However, because Mtb infection occurs primarily in lung tissue and lung-associated lymph nodes, these studies may not be fully translatable to the tissues. Additionally, studies longitudinally examining MAIT cell dynamics during HIV/Mtb co-infection are rare, and lung and lymph node tissue samples from HIV+ patients are typically unavailable. Nonhuman primates (NHP) provide a model system to characterize MAIT cell activity during Mtb infection, both in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV)-infected and SIV-naïve animals. Using NHPs allows for a more comprehensive understanding of tissue-based MAIT cell dynamics during infection with both pathogens. NHP SIV and Mtb infection is similar to human HIV and Mtb infection, and MAIT cells are phenotypically similar in humans and NHPs. Here, we discuss current knowledge surrounding MAIT cells in SIV and Mtb infection, how SIV infection impairs MAIT cell function during Mtb co-infection, and knowledge gaps to address.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shelby L. O’Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USA; (R.V.M.); (A.L.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
MAIT Cells: Partners or Enemies in Cancer Immunotherapy? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071502. [PMID: 33805904 PMCID: PMC8037823 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Unconventional T cells have recently come under intense scrutiny because of their innate-like effector functions and unique antigen specificity, suggesting their potential importance in antitumor immunity. MAIT cells, one such population of unconventional T cell, have been shown to significantly influence bacterial infections, parasitic and fungal infections, viral infections, autoimmune and other inflammatory diseases, and, as discussed thoroughly in this review, various cancers. This review aims to merge accumulating evidence, tease apart the complexities of MAIT cell biology in different malignancies, and discuss how these may impact clinical outcomes. While it is clear that MAIT cells can impact the tumor microenvironment, the nature of these interactions varies depending on the type of cancer, subset of MAIT cell, patient demographic, microbiome composition, and the type of therapy administered. This review examines the impact of these variables on MAIT cells and discusses outstanding questions within the field. Abstract A recent boom in mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cell research has identified relationships between MAIT cell abundance, function, and clinical outcomes in various malignancies. As they express a variety of immune checkpoint receptors and ligands, and possess strong cytotoxic functions, MAIT cells are an attractive new subject in the field of tumor immunology. MAIT cells are a class of innate-like T cells that express a semi-invariant T cell antigen receptor (TCR) that recognizes microbially derived non-peptide antigens presented by the non-polymorphic MHC class-1 like molecule, MR1. In this review, we outline the current (and often contradictory) evidence exploring MAIT cell biology and how MAIT cells impact clinical outcomes in different human cancers, as well as what role they may have in cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
24
|
Maleki KT, Tauriainen J, García M, Kerkman PF, Christ W, Dias J, Wigren Byström J, Leeansyah E, Forsell MN, Ljunggren HG, Ahlm C, Björkström NK, Sandberg JK, Klingström J. MAIT cell activation is associated with disease severity markers in acute hantavirus infection. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2021; 2:100220. [PMID: 33763658 PMCID: PMC7974553 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hantaviruses are zoonotic RNA viruses that cause severe acute disease in humans. Infected individuals have strong inflammatory responses that likely cause immunopathology. Here, we studied the response of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in peripheral blood of individuals with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) caused by Puumala orthohantavirus, a hantavirus endemic in Europe. We show that MAIT cell levels decrease in the blood during HFRS and that residual MAIT cells are highly activated. This activation correlates with HFRS severity markers. In vitro activation of MAIT cells by hantavirus-exposed antigen-presenting cells is dependent on type I interferons (IFNs) and independent of interleukin-18 (IL-18). These findings highlight the role of type I IFNs in virus-driven MAIT cell activation and suggest a potential role of MAIT cells in the disease pathogenesis of viral infections. MAIT cells are activated in individuals with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) MAIT cell activation correlates with HFRS severity markers during hantavirus infection MAIT cell blood levels decline during acute HFRS Hantavirus-mediated MAIT cell activation is type I IFN dependent
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimia T Maleki
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna Tauriainen
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marina García
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Priscilla F Kerkman
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection & Immunology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wanda Christ
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joana Dias
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julia Wigren Byström
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection & Immunology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Edwin Leeansyah
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.,Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mattias N Forsell
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection & Immunology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Clas Ahlm
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection & Immunology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Niklas K Björkström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan K Sandberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Klingström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Parrot T, Healy K, Boulouis C, Sobkowiak MJ, Leeansyah E, Aleman S, Bertoletti A, Sällberg Chen M, Sandberg JK. Expansion of donor-unrestricted MAIT cells with enhanced cytolytic function suitable for TCR redirection. JCI Insight 2021; 6:140074. [PMID: 33561009 PMCID: PMC8021122 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.140074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress in our understanding of MR1-restricted mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells has raised interest in harnessing these cells for immunotherapy. The innate-like response characteristics, abundance in the blood, donor-unrestricted nature, and tropism for tissues make MAIT cells suitable candidates for adoptive cell transfer therapies. However, reliable methods and tools to utilize MAIT cells in such approaches are lacking. Here, we established methodology for efficient expansion of human MAIT cells in culture with high purity and yield, while preserving their functional response toward their natural ligand and increasing their cytotoxic potential. The cultured MAIT cells retained their effector memory characteristics without signs of terminal differentiation and expressed a more diverse set of chemokine receptors, potentially widening their already broad tissue tropism. To investigate the potential of MAIT cells in a context outside their main role in controlling bacterial infection, we engineered cultured MAIT cells with a new TCR specificity to mediate effective antiviral HLA class I–restricted effector function. In summary, we developed robust and effective methodology for the expansion of human MAIT cells with enhanced cytolytic capacity and for their engineering with a new specificity. These findings form a basis for the development of MAIT cells as a platform for adoptive immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katie Healy
- Division of Clinical Diagnostics and Surgery, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Michał J Sobkowiak
- Division of Clinical Diagnostics and Surgery, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Edwin Leeansyah
- Center for Infection Medicine, Department of Medicine, and.,Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.,Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Soo Aleman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonio Bertoletti
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Margaret Sällberg Chen
- Division of Clinical Diagnostics and Surgery, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bister J, Crona Guterstam Y, Strunz B, Dumitrescu B, Haij Bhattarai K, Özenci V, Brännström M, Ivarsson MA, Gidlöf S, Björkström NK. Human endometrial MAIT cells are transiently tissue resident and respond to Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:357-365. [PMID: 32759973 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-0331-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are non-classical T cells important in the mucosal defense against microbes. Despite an increasing interest in the immunobiology of the endometrial mucosa, little is known regarding human MAIT cells in this compartment. The potential role of MAIT cells as a tissue-resident local defense against microbes in the endometrium is largely unexplored. Here, we performed a high-dimensional flow cytometry characterization of MAIT cells in endometrium from pre- and postmenopausal women, and in decidua from first-trimester pregnancies. Furthermore, we assessed MAIT cell function by stimulation with Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N. gonorrhoeae). Endometrial MAIT (eMAIT) cells represented a stable endometrial immune cell population as limited dynamic changes were observed during the menstrual cycle, post menopause, or in response to pregnancy. Furthermore, eMAIT cells exhibited an activated tissue-resident phenotype. Despite expressing CD69 and CD103, eMAIT cells were replenished over time by circulating MAIT cells, as assessed using human uterus transplantation as a model. Finally, functional experiments revealed the capability of MAIT cells to respond to the sexually transmitted and tissue-relevant pathogen, N. gonorrhoeae. In conclusion, our study provides novel insight into human MAIT cell dynamics and anti-microbial properties in the human uterus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonna Bister
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ylva Crona Guterstam
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benedikt Strunz
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Karin Haij Bhattarai
- Clinical microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Volkan Özenci
- Clinical microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Brännström
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg and Stockholm IVF - Eugin, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin A Ivarsson
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Gidlöf
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stockholm South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas K Björkström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gebru YA, Choi MR, Raja G, Gupta H, Sharma SP, Choi YR, Kim HS, Yoon SJ, Kim DJ, Suk KT. Pathophysiological Roles of Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells in the Context of Gut Microbiota-Liver Axis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020296. [PMID: 33535703 PMCID: PMC7912788 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a subset of T lymphocytes expressing a semi-invariant T-cell receptor (TCR) present as TCR Vα7.2-Jα33 in humans and TCR Vα19-Jα33 in mice. They are activated by ligands produced during microbial biosynthesis of riboflavin that is presented by major histocompatibility complex class I-related (MR1) molecules on antigen-presenting cells. MAIT cells also possess interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-18 receptors and can be activated by the respective cytokines released from microbially stimulated antigen-presenting cells. Therefore, MAIT cells can be involved in bacterial and viral defenses and are a significant part of the human immune system. They are particularly abundant in the liver, an organ serving as the second firewall of gut microbes next to the intestinal barrier. Therefore, the immune functions of MAIT cells are greatly impacted by changes in the gut-microbiota and play important roles in the gut-liver pathogenesis axis. In this review, we discuss the nature and mechanisms of MAIT cell activation and their dynamics during different types of liver pathogenesis conditions. We also share our perspectives on important aspects that should be explored further to reveal the exact roles that MAIT cells play in liver pathogenesis in the context of the gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ki Tae Suk
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-10-5365-5700; Fax: +82-033-248-5826
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sortino O, Dias J, Anderson M, Laidlaw E, Leeansyah E, Lisco A, Sheikh V, Sandberg JK, Sereti I. Preserved Mucosal-Associated Invariant T-Cell Numbers and Function in Idiopathic CD4 Lymphocytopenia. J Infect Dis 2020; 224:715-725. [PMID: 34398238 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells constitute a subset of unconventional, MR1-restricted T cells involved in antimicrobial responses as well as inflammatory, allergic, and autoimmune diseases. Chronic infection and inflammatory disorders as well as immunodeficiencies are often associated with decline and/or dysfunction of MAIT cells. METHODS We investigated the MAIT cells in patients with idiopathic CD4+ lymphocytopenia (ICL), a syndrome characterized by consistently low CD4 T-cell counts (<300 cell/µL) in the absence of HIV infection or other known immunodeficiency, and by susceptibility to certain opportunistic infections. RESULTS The numbers, phenotype, and function of MAIT cells in peripheral blood were preserved in ICL patients compared to healthy controls. Administration of interleukin-7 (IL-7) to ICL patients expanded the CD8+ MAIT-cell subset, with maintained responsiveness and effector functions after IL-7 treatment. CONCLUSIONS ICL patients maintain normal levels and function of MAIT cells, preserving some antibacterial responses despite the deficiency in CD4+ T cells. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT00867269.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Sortino
- Clinical Research Directorate/Clinical Monitoring Leidos Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., National Cancer Institute Campus at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joana Dias
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Megan Anderson
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth Laidlaw
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Edwin Leeansyah
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Andrea Lisco
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Virginia Sheikh
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Johan K Sandberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Irini Sereti
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Böttcher S, Hartung S, Meyer F, Rummler S, Voigt K, Walther G, Hochhaus A, von Lilienfeld-Toal M, Jahreis S. Human mucosal-associated invariant T cells respond to Mucorales species in a MR1-dependent manner. Med Mycol 2020; 59:505-509. [PMID: 33336238 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaa103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT cells) by certain bacteria, viruses, and yeast is well studied, but the activation potential of filamentous moulds from the order Mucorales is not known. Here, we show a rapid response of human MAIT cells against the Mucorales species Mucor circinelloides, Rhizopus arrhizus, and Rhizopus microsporus. This activation included upregulation of CD69 and degranulation marked by increased CD107a expression, while intracellular perforin and granzyme A expression were reduced. Furthermore, blocking of the antigen-presenting molecule major histocompatibility complex class I-related abrogated MAIT cell activation demonstrating a T cell receptor-dependent stimulation by Mucorales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Böttcher
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Abteilung für Hämatologie und Internistische Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany.,Infections in Hematology and Oncology, Leibniz-Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany
| | - Susann Hartung
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Abteilung für Hämatologie und Internistische Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany.,Infections in Hematology and Oncology, Leibniz-Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany
| | - Florian Meyer
- Transfer Group Anti-infectives, Leibniz-Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany
| | - Silke Rummler
- Institut für Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Kerstin Voigt
- Jena Microbial Resource Collection, Leibniz-Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany.,National Reference Center for Invasive Fungal Infections (NRZMyk), Leibniz-Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany
| | - Grit Walther
- National Reference Center for Invasive Fungal Infections (NRZMyk), Leibniz-Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Hochhaus
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Abteilung für Hämatologie und Internistische Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Marie von Lilienfeld-Toal
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Abteilung für Hämatologie und Internistische Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany.,Infections in Hematology and Oncology, Leibniz-Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany.,National Reference Center for Invasive Fungal Infections (NRZMyk), Leibniz-Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany
| | - Susanne Jahreis
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Abteilung für Hämatologie und Internistische Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany.,Infections in Hematology and Oncology, Leibniz-Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mendler A, Geier F, Haange SB, Pierzchalski A, Krause JL, Nijenhuis I, Froment J, Jehmlich N, Berger U, Ackermann G, Rolle-Kampczyk U, von Bergen M, Herberth G. Mucosal-associated invariant T-Cell (MAIT) activation is altered by chlorpyrifos- and glyphosate-treated commensal gut bacteria. J Immunotoxicol 2020; 17:10-20. [PMID: 31909636 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2019.1706672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T-cells (MAIT) can react to metabolites of the vitamins riboflavin and folate which are produced by the human gut microbiota. Since several studies showed that the pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) and glyphosate (GLP) can impair the gut microbiota, the present study was undertaken to investigate the impact of CPF and GLP treatment on the metabolism of gut microbiota and the resulting bacteria-mediated modulation of MAIT cell activity. Here, Bifidobacterium adolescentis (B. adolescentis), Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri), and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were treated with CPF (50-200 µM) or GLP (75-300 mg/L) and then used in MAIT cell stimulation assays as well as in vitamin and proteome analyses. All three bacteria were nonpathogenic and chosen as representatives of a healthy human gut microflora. The results showed that E. coli activated MAIT cells whereas B. adolescentis and L. reuteri inhibited MAIT cell activation. CPF treatment significantly increased E. coli-mediated MAIT cell activation. Treatment of B. adolescentis and L. reuteri with CPF and GLP weakened the inhibition of MAIT cell activation. Riboflavin and folate production by the test bacteria was influenced by CPF treatment, whereas GLP had only minor effects. Proteomic analysis of CPF-treated E. coli revealed changes in the riboflavin and folate biosynthesis pathways. The findings here suggest that the metabolism of the analyzed bacteria could be altered by exposure to CPF and GLP, leading to an increased pro-inflammatory immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Mendler
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Florian Geier
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sven-Bastiaan Haange
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arkadiusz Pierzchalski
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jannike Lea Krause
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ivonne Nijenhuis
- Department of Isotope Biogeo-chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jean Froment
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nico Jehmlich
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Urs Berger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Ulrike Rolle-Kampczyk
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gunda Herberth
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Leeansyah E, Hey YY, Sia WR, Ng JHJ, Gulam MY, Boulouis C, Zhu F, Ahn M, Mak JYW, Fairlie DP, Kwa ALH, Sandberg JK, Wang LF. MR1-Restricted T Cells with MAIT-like Characteristics Are Functionally Conserved in the Pteropid Bat Pteropus alecto. iScience 2020; 23:101876. [PMID: 33344919 PMCID: PMC7736909 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bats are reservoirs for a large number of viruses which have potential to cause major human disease outbreaks, including the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Major efforts are underway to understand bat immune response to viruses, whereas much less is known about their immune responses to bacteria. In this study, MR1-restricted T (MR1T) cells were detected through the use of MR1 tetramers in circulation and tissues of Pteropus alecto (Pa) bats. Pa MR1T cells exhibited weak responses to MR1-presented microbial metabolites at resting state. However, following priming with MR1-presented agonist they proliferated, upregulated critical transcription factors and cytolytic proteins, and gained transient expression of Th1/17-related cytokines and antibacterial cytotoxicity. Collectively, these findings show that the Pa bat immune system encompasses an abundant and functionally conserved population of MR1T cells with mucosal-associated invariant T-like characteristics, suggesting that MR1 and MR1T cells also play a significant role in bat immune defense. MR1T cells are present in Pa bats and react to MR1-presented microbial metabolites Pa MR1T cells upregulate Prf and MAIT-associated TFs upon culture with MR1 agonists Upon stimulation, Pa MR1T cells rapidly and transiently express TNF and IL-17 Pa MR1T cells kill E. coli and MR1 agonist-pulsed cells in an MR1-dependent manner
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Leeansyah
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14183 Stockholm, Sweden.,Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, 518055 Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Ying Hey
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Wan Rong Sia
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Justin Han Jia Ng
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Muhammad Yaaseen Gulam
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Caroline Boulouis
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14183 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Feng Zhu
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Matae Ahn
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Jeffrey Y W Mak
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - David P Fairlie
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Andrea Lay Hoon Kwa
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
| | - Johan K Sandberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14183 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gazali AM, Schroderus AM, Näntö-Salonen K, Rintamäki R, Pihlajamäki J, Knip M, Veijola R, Toppari J, Ilonen J, Kinnunen T. Mucosal-associated invariant T cell alterations during the development of human type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2020; 63:2396-2409. [PMID: 32880687 PMCID: PMC7527319 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05257-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T cells that recognise derivatives of bacterial riboflavin metabolites presented by MHC-Ib-related protein 1 (MR1) molecules and are important effector cells for mucosal immunity. Their development can be influenced by the intestinal microbiome. Since the development of type 1 diabetes has been associated with changes in the gut microbiome, this can be hypothesised to lead to alterations in circulating MAIT cells. Accordingly, peripheral blood MAIT cell alterations have been reported previously in patients with type 1 diabetes. However, a comprehensive analysis of the frequency and phenotype of circulating MAIT cells at different stages of type 1 diabetes progression is currently lacking. METHODS We analysed the frequency, phenotype and functionality of peripheral blood MAIT cells, as well as γδ T cells, invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and natural killer (NK) cells with flow cytometry in a cross-sectional paediatric cohort (aged 2-15) consisting of 51 children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes, 27 autoantibody-positive (AAb+) at-risk children, and 113 healthy control children of similar age and HLA class II background. The frequency of MAIT cells was also assessed in a separate cross-sectional adult cohort (aged 19-39) of 33 adults with established type 1 diabetes and 37 healthy individuals of similar age. RESULTS Children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes displayed a proportional increase of CD8-CD27- MAIT cells compared with healthy control children (median 4.6% vs 3.1% of MAIT cells, respectively, p = 0.004), which was associated with reduced expression of C-C chemokine receptor (CCR)5 (median 90.0% vs 94.3% of MAIT cells, p = 0.02) and β7 integrin (median 73.5% vs 81.7% of MAIT cells, p = 0.004), as well as decreased production of IFN-γ (median 57.1% vs 69.3% of MAIT cells, p = 0.04) by the MAIT cells. The frequency of MAIT cells was also decreased in AAb+ children who later progressed to type 1 diabetes compared with healthy control children (median 0.44% vs 0.96% of CD3+ T cells, p = 0.04), as well as in adult patients with a short duration of type 1 diabetes (less than 6 years after diagnosis) compared with control individuals (median 0.87% vs 2.19% of CD3+ T cells, p = 0.007). No alterations in γδ T cell, iNKT cell or NK cell frequencies were observed in children with type 1 diabetes or in AAb+ children, with the exception of an increased frequency of IL-17A+ γδ T cells in children with newly diagnosed diabetes compared with healthy control children (median 1.58% vs 1.09% of γδ T cells, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Changes in the frequency and phenotype of circulating MAIT cells were detectable before, at the onset and after diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in cross-sectional cohorts. Our results suggest a possible temporal association between peripheral blood MAIT cell alterations and the clinical onset of type 1 diabetes. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad M Gazali
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Anna-Mari Schroderus
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Reeta Rintamäki
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Clinical Nutrition and Obesity Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikael Knip
- Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riitta Veijola
- PEDEGO Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Ilonen
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuure Kinnunen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
- Eastern Finland Laboratory Centre (ISLAB), Kuopio, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Awad W, Meermeier EW, Sandoval-Romero ML, Le Nours J, Worley AH, Null MD, Liu L, McCluskey J, Fairlie DP, Lewinsohn DM, Rossjohn J. Atypical TRAV1-2 - T cell receptor recognition of the antigen-presenting molecule MR1. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:14445-14457. [PMID: 32817339 PMCID: PMC7573270 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MR1 presents vitamin B-related metabolites to mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, which are characterized, in part, by the TRAV1-2+ αβ T cell receptor (TCR). In addition, a more diverse TRAV1-2- MR1-restricted T cell repertoire exists that can possess altered specificity for MR1 antigens. However, the molecular basis of how such TRAV1-2- TCRs interact with MR1-antigen complexes remains unclear. Here, we describe how a TRAV12-2+ TCR (termed D462-E4) recognizes an MR1-antigen complex. We report the crystal structures of the unliganded D462-E4 TCR and its complex with MR1 presenting the riboflavin-based antigen 5-OP-RU. Here, the TRBV29-1 β-chain of the D462-E4 TCR binds over the F'-pocket of MR1, whereby the complementarity-determining region (CDR) 3β loop surrounded and projected into the F'-pocket. Nevertheless, the CDR3β loop anchored proximal to the MR1 A'-pocket and mediated direct contact with the 5-OP-RU antigen. The D462-E4 TCR footprint on MR1 contrasted that of the TRAV1-2+ and TRAV36+ TCRs' docking topologies on MR1. Accordingly, diverse MR1-restricted T cell repertoire reveals differential docking modalities on MR1, thus providing greater scope for differing antigen specificities.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Antigen Presentation
- Binding Sites
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/chemistry
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/metabolism
- Humans
- Minor Histocompatibility Antigens/chemistry
- Minor Histocompatibility Antigens/genetics
- Minor Histocompatibility Antigens/metabolism
- Molecular Docking Simulation
- Protein Refolding
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- Ribitol/analogs & derivatives
- Ribitol/chemistry
- Ribitol/metabolism
- Surface Plasmon Resonance
- T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Uracil/analogs & derivatives
- Uracil/chemistry
- Uracil/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wael Awad
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Erin W Meermeier
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Maria L Sandoval-Romero
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jérôme Le Nours
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aneta H Worley
- Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Megan D Null
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ligong Liu
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - James McCluskey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David P Fairlie
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David M Lewinsohn
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Niehaus CE, Strunz B, Cornillet M, Falk CS, Schnieders A, Maasoumy B, Hardtke S, Manns MP, Kraft ARM, Björkström NK, Cornberg M. MAIT Cells Are Enriched and Highly Functional in Ascites of Patients With Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis. Hepatology 2020; 72:1378-1393. [PMID: 32012321 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Patients with advanced liver cirrhosis have an increased susceptibility to infections. As part of the cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction, mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, which have the capacity to respond to bacteria, are severely diminished in circulation and liver tissue. However, MAIT cell presence and function in the peritoneal cavity, a common anatomical site for infections in cirrhosis, remain elusive. In this study, we deliver a comprehensive investigation of the immune compartment present in ascites of patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis, and focus especially on MAIT cells. APPROACH AND RESULTS To study this, matched peripheral blood and ascites fluid were collected from 35 patients with decompensated cirrhosis, with or without spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). MAIT cell phenotype and function were analyzed using high-dimensional flow cytometry, and the obtained data were compared with the blood samples of healthy controls (n = 24) and patients with compensated cirrhosis (n = 11). We found circulating MAIT cells to be severely decreased in patients with cirrhosis as compared with controls. In contrast, in ascites fluid, MAIT cells were significantly increased together with CD14+ CD16+ monocytes, innate lymphoid cells, and natural killer cells. This was paralleled by elevated levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in ascites fluid as compared with plasma. Peritoneal MAIT cells displayed an activated tissue-resident phenotype, and this was corroborated by increased functional responses following stimulation with E. coli or interleukin (lL)-12 + IL-18 as compared with circulating MAIT cells. During SBP, peritoneal MAIT cell frequencies increased most among all major immune cell subsets, suggestive of active homing of MAIT cells to the site of infection. CONCLUSIONS Despite severely diminished MAIT cell numbers and impaired phenotype in circulation, peritoneal MAIT cells remain abundant, activated, and highly functional in decompensated cirrhosis and are further enriched in SBP. This suggests that peritoneal MAIT cells could be of interest for immune-intervention strategies in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis and SBP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian E Niehaus
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Benedikt Strunz
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Cornillet
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christine S Falk
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Partner-Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ansgar Schnieders
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Benjamin Maasoumy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Partner-Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - Svenja Hardtke
- German Center for Infection Research, HepNet Study-House German Liver Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael P Manns
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Partner-Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anke R M Kraft
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Partner-Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - Niklas K Björkström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Cornberg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Partner-Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany.,Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), Hannover, Germany.,TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hanover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Barber-Axthelm IM, Kent SJ, Juno JA. Understanding the Role of Mucosal-Associated Invariant T-Cells in Non-human Primate Models of HIV Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2038. [PMID: 33013862 PMCID: PMC7461791 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic HIV infection causes systemic immune activation and dysregulation, resulting in the impairment of most T-cell subsets including MAIT cells. Multiple human cohort studies demonstrate MAIT cells are selectively depleted in the peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues during HIV infection, with incomplete restoration during suppressive antiretroviral therapy. Because MAIT cells play an important role in mucosal defense against a wide array of pathogens, fully reconstituting the MAIT cell compartment in ART-treated populations could improve immunity against co-infections. Non-human primates (NHPs) are a valuable, well-described animal model for HIV infection in humans. NHPs also maintain MAIT cell frequencies more comparable to humans, compared to other common animal models, and provide a unique opportunity to study MAIT cells in the circulation and mucosal tissues in a longitudinal manner. Only recently, however, have NHP MAIT cells been thoroughly characterized using macaque-specific MR1 tetramer reagents. Here we review the similarities and differences between MAIT cells in humans and NHPs as well as the impact of SIV/SHIV infection on MAIT cells and the potential implications for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac M Barber-Axthelm
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,ARC Centre for Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Juno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Terpstra ML, Remmerswaal EBM, van der Bom-Baylon ND, Sinnige MJ, Kers J, van Aalderen MC, Geerlings SE, Bemelman FJ. Tissue-resident mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in the human kidney represent a functionally distinct subset. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:1783-1797. [PMID: 32652598 PMCID: PMC7689767 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate‐like T‐cells that recognize bacterial riboflavin metabolites. They are present in human blood but are abundant at barrier sites, including the liver, lungs, and kidneys, where they possess a CD69+/CD103+/− tissue‐resident phenotype. In renal tissue, MAIT cells likely defend against the ascending uropathogens responsible for urinary tract infections (UTIs), which are common, especially among renal transplant recipients (RTRs). Nevertheless, the functional role for MAIT cells in renal tissue and the influence of renal transplantation on MAIT cells remains unclear. Using multiparameter flow cytometry and the MR1‐tetramer, we characterized MAIT cell phenotype and function in healthy renal tissue (n = 6), renal transplants explanted after allograft failure (n = 14) and in blood from healthy controls (n = 20) and RTRs before and 1‐year after transplantation (n = 21). MAIT cells in renal tissue constitute a distinct CD69+CD103+/− population that displays typical phenotypic features of tissue‐resident T‐cells and is skewed toward IL‐2, GM‐CSF, and IL‐17A production upon stimulation. The circulating MAIT cell population was not decreased in number in RTRs pre‐ or post‐transplantation. Tissue‐resident MAIT cells in the kidney represent a functionally distinct population. This shows how MAIT cells in the kidney may be involved in the protection against microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matty L Terpstra
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Nephrology, Renal Transplant Unit, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute (AI&II), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute (AI&II), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute (AI&II), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ester B M Remmerswaal
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute (AI&II), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nelly D van der Bom-Baylon
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute (AI&II), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjan J Sinnige
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute (AI&II), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jesper Kers
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute (AI&II), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Center for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA)-Biomolecular Systems Analytics, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel C van Aalderen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute (AI&II), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne E Geerlings
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute (AI&II), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frederike J Bemelman
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Nephrology, Renal Transplant Unit, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute (AI&II), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Pisarska MM, Dunne MR, O'Shea D, Hogan AE. Interleukin‐17 producing mucosal associated invariant T cells ‐ emerging players in chronic inflammatory diseases? Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:1098-1108. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta M. Pisarska
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health ResearchMaynooth University Kildare Ireland
- National Children's Research Centre Dublin Ireland
| | - Margaret R. Dunne
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of SurgerySt James's Hospital Dublin Ireland
- Trinity St James's Cancer InstituteSt James's Hospital Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Donal O'Shea
- Obesity Immunology Group, Education and Research Centre, St Vincent's University HospitalUniversity College Dublin Ireland
| | - Andrew E. Hogan
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health ResearchMaynooth University Kildare Ireland
- National Children's Research Centre Dublin Ireland
- Obesity Immunology Group, Education and Research Centre, St Vincent's University HospitalUniversity College Dublin Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Souter MNT, Loh L, Li S, Meehan BS, Gherardin NA, Godfrey DI, Rossjohn J, Fairlie DP, Kedzierska K, Pellicci DG, Chen Z, Kjer-Nielsen L, Corbett AJ, McCluskey J, Eckle SBG. Characterization of Human Mucosal-associated Invariant T (MAIT) Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 127:e90. [PMID: 31763790 DOI: 10.1002/cpim.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a subset of unconventional T cells restricted by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-like molecule MHC-related protein 1 (MR1). MAIT cells are found throughout the body, especially in human blood and liver. Unlike conventional T cells, which are stimulated by peptide antigens presented by MHC molecules, MAIT cells recognize metabolite antigens derived from an intermediate in the microbial biosynthesis of riboflavin. MAIT cells mediate protective immunity to infections by riboflavin-producing microbes via the production of cytokines and cytotoxicity. The discovery of stimulating MAIT cell antigens allowed for the development of an analytical tool, the MR1 tetramer, that binds specifically to the MAIT T cell receptor (TCR) and is becoming the gold standard for identification of MAIT cells by flow cytometry. This article describes protocols to characterize the phenotype of human MAIT cells in blood and tissues by flow cytometry using fluorescently labeled human MR1 tetramers alongside antibodies specific for MAIT cell markers. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. The main protocols include: Basic Protocol 1: Determining the frequency and steady-state surface phenotype of human MAIT cells Basic Protocol 2: Determining the activation phenotype of human MAIT cells in blood Basic Protocol 3: Characterizing MAIT cell TCRs using TCR-positive reporter cell lines Alternate protocols are provided for determining the absolute number, transcription factor phenotype, and TCR usage of human MAIT cells; and determining activation phenotype by staining for intracellular markers, measuring secreted cytokines, and measuring fluorescent dye dilution due to proliferation. Additional methods are provided for determining the capacity of MAIT cells to produce cytokine independently of antigen using plate-bound or bead-immobilized CD3/CD28 stimulation; and determining the MR1-Ag dependence of MAIT cell activation using MR1-blocking antibody or competitive inhibition. For TCR-positive reporter cell lines, methods are also provided for evaluating the MAIT TCR-mediated MR1-Ag response, determining the capacity of the reporter lines to produce cytokine independently of antigen, determining the MR1-Ag dependence of the reporter lines, and evaluating the MR1-Ag response of the reporter lines using IL-2 secretion. Support Protocols describe the preparation of PBMCs from human blood, the preparation of single-cell suspensions from tissue, the isolation of MAIT cells by FACS and MACS, cloning MAIT TCRα and β chain genes and MR1 genes for transduction, generating stably and transiently transfected cells lines, generating a stable MR1 knockout antigen-presenting cell line, and generating monocyte-derived dendritic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael N T Souter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Liyen Loh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shihan Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Bronwyn S Meehan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Gherardin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Dale I Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - David P Fairlie
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel G Pellicci
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Zhenjun Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lars Kjer-Nielsen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alexandra J Corbett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - James McCluskey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sidonia B G Eckle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sharma M, Zhang S, Niu L, Lewinsohn DM, Zhang X, Huang S. Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells Develop an Innate-Like Transcriptomic Program in Anti-mycobacterial Responses. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1136. [PMID: 32582206 PMCID: PMC7295940 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional T cells exhibit a delayed response to the initial priming of peptide antigens presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins. Unlike conventional T cells, mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells quickly respond to non-peptidic metabolite antigens presented by MHC-related protein 1 (MR1). To elucidate the MR1-dependent activation program of MAIT cells in response to mycobacterial infections, we determined the surface markers, transcriptomic profiles, and effector responses of activated human MAIT cells. Results revealed that mycobacterial-incubated antigen-presenting cells stimulated abundant human CD8+ MAIT cells to upregulate the co-expression of CD69 and CD26, as a combinatorial activation marker. Further transcriptomic analyses demonstrated that CD69+CD26++ CD8+MAIT cells highly expressed numerous genes for mediating anti-mycobacterial immune responses, including pro-inflammatory cytokines, cytolytic molecules, NK cell receptors, and transcription factors, in contrast to inactivated counterparts CD69+/−CD26+/− CD8+MAIT cells. Gene co-expression, enrichment, and pathway analyses yielded high statistical significance to strongly support that activated CD8+ MAIT cells shared gene expression and numerous pathways with NK and CD8+ T cells in activation, cytokine production, cytokine signaling, and effector functions. Flow cytometry detected that activated CD8+MAIT cells produced TNFα, IFNγ, and granulysin to inhibit mycobacterial growth and fight mycobacterial infection. Together, results strongly support that the combinatorial activation marker CD69+CD26++ labels the activated CD8+MAIT cells that develop an innate-like activation program in anti-mycobacterial immune responses. We speculate that the rapid production of anti-mycobacterial effector molecules facilitates MAIT cells to fight early mycobacterial infection in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manju Sharma
- Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Shuangmin Zhang
- Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Liang Niu
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - David M Lewinsohn
- Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Genomics, Epigenomics and Sequencing Core, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Shouxiong Huang
- Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Immunobiology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Human MAIT cell cytolytic effector proteins synergize to overcome carbapenem resistance in Escherichia coli. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000644. [PMID: 32511236 PMCID: PMC7302869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are abundant antimicrobial T cells in humans and recognize antigens derived from the microbial riboflavin biosynthetic pathway presented by the MHC-Ib-related protein (MR1). However, the mechanisms responsible for MAIT cell antimicrobial activity are not fully understood, and the efficacy of these mechanisms against antibiotic resistant bacteria has not been explored. Here, we show that MAIT cells mediate MR1-restricted antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli clinical strains in a manner dependent on the activity of cytolytic proteins but independent of production of pro-inflammatory cytokines or induction of apoptosis in infected cells. The combined action of the pore-forming antimicrobial protein granulysin and the serine protease granzyme B released in response to T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated recognition of MR1-presented antigen is essential to mediate control against both cell-associated and free-living, extracellular forms of E. coli. Furthermore, MAIT cell-mediated bacterial control extends to multidrug-resistant E. coli primary clinical isolates additionally resistant to carbapenems, a class of last resort antibiotics. Notably, high levels of granulysin and granzyme B in the MAIT cell secretomes directly damage bacterial cells by increasing their permeability, rendering initially resistant E. coli susceptible to the bactericidal activity of carbapenems. These findings define the role of cytolytic effector proteins in MAIT cell-mediated antimicrobial activity and indicate that granulysin and granzyme B synergize to restore carbapenem bactericidal activity and overcome carbapenem resistance in E. coli. Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are abundant antimicrobial T cells in humans that recognize bacterial metabolites. This study shows that MAIT cells exert potent antimicrobial activity against both cell-associated and extracellular forms of Escherichia coli, including strains that are resistant to the last resort antibiotics carbapenems.
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are striking in their abundance and their strict conservation across 150 million years of mammalian evolution, implying they must fulfill critical immunological function(s). MAIT cells are defined by their expression of a semi-invariant αβ TCR which recognizes biosynthetic derivatives of riboflavin synthesis presented on MR1. Initial studies focused on their role in detecting predominantly intracellular bacterial and mycobacterial infections. However, it is now recognized that there are several modes of MAIT cell activation and these are related to activation of distinct transcriptional programmes, each associated with distinct functional roles. In this minireview, we summarize current knowledge from human and animal studies of MAIT cell activation induced (1) in an MR1-TCR dependent manner in the context of inflammatory danger signals and associated with antibacterial host defense; (2) in an MR1-TCR independent manner by the cytokines interleukin(IL)-12/-15/-18 and type I interferon, which is associated with antiviral responses; and (3) a recently-described TCR-dependent “tissue repair” programme which is associated with accelerated wound healing in the context of commensal microbiota. Because of this capability for diverse functional responses in diverse immunological contexts, these intriguing cells now appear to be multifunctional effectors central to the interface of innate and adaptive immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S C Hinks
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nuffield Department of Medicine Experimental Medicine, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Xia-Wei Zhang
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nuffield Department of Medicine Experimental Medicine, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom.,Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Boulouis C, Gorin JB, Dias J, Bergman P, Leeansyah E, Sandberg JK. Opsonization-Enhanced Antigen Presentation by MR1 Activates Rapid Polyfunctional MAIT Cell Responses Acting as an Effector Arm of Humoral Antibacterial Immunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:67-77. [PMID: 32434941 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like antimicrobial T cells recognizing a breadth of important pathogens via presentation of microbial riboflavin metabolite Ags by MHC class Ib-related (MR1) molecules. However, the interaction of human MAIT cells with adaptive immune responses and the role they may play in settings of vaccinology remain relatively little explored. In this study we investigated the interplay between MAIT cell-mediated antibacterial effector functions and the humoral immune response. IgG opsonization of the model microbe Escherichia coli with pooled human sera markedly enhanced the capacity of monocytic APC to stimulate MAIT cells. This effect included greater sensitivity of recognition and faster response kinetics, as well as a markedly higher polyfunctionality and magnitude of MAIT cell responses involving a range of effector functions. The boost of MAIT cell responses was dependent on strongly enhanced MR1-mediated Ag presentation via increased FcγR-mediated uptake and signaling primarily mediated by FcγRI. To investigate possible translation of this effect to a vaccine setting, sera from human subjects before and after vaccination with the 13-valent-conjugated Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine were assessed in a MAIT cell activation assay. Interestingly, vaccine-induced Abs enhanced Ag presentation to MAIT cells, resulting in more potent effector responses. These findings indicate that enhancement of Ag presentation by IgG opsonization allows innate-like MAIT cells to mount a faster, stronger, and qualitatively more complex response and to function as an effector arm of vaccine-induced humoral adaptive antibacterial immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Boulouis
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14152 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jean-Baptiste Gorin
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14152 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joana Dias
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14152 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Bergman
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, 14152 Stockholm, Sweden.,Infectious Disease Clinic, Immunodeficiency Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Edwin Leeansyah
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14152 Stockholm, Sweden.,Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 169587 Singapore
| | - Johan K Sandberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14152 Stockholm, Sweden;
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ellis AL, Balgeman AJ, Larson EC, Rodgers MA, Ameel C, Baranowski T, Kannal N, Maiello P, Juno JA, Scanga CA, O’Connor SL. MAIT cells are functionally impaired in a Mauritian cynomolgus macaque model of SIV and Mtb co-infection. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008585. [PMID: 32433713 PMCID: PMC7266356 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells can recognize and respond to some bacterially infected cells. Several in vitro and in vivo models of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection suggest that MAIT cells can contribute to control of Mtb, but these studies are often cross-sectional and use peripheral blood cells. Whether MAIT cells are recruited to Mtb-affected granulomas and lymph nodes (LNs) during early Mtb infection and what purpose they might serve there is less well understood. Furthermore, whether HIV/SIV infection impairs MAIT cell frequency or function at the sites of Mtb replication has not been determined. Using Mauritian cynomolgus macaques (MCM), we phenotyped MAIT cells in the peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) before and during infection with SIVmac239. To test the hypothesis that SIV co-infection impairs MAIT cell frequency and function within granulomas, SIV+ and -naïve MCM were infected with a low dose of Mtb Erdman, and necropsied at 6 weeks post Mtb-challenge. MAIT cell frequency and function were examined within the peripheral blood, BAL, and Mtb-affected lymph nodes (LN) and granulomas. MAIT cells did not express markers indicative of T cell activation in response to Mtb in vivo within granulomas in animals infected with Mtb alone. SIV and Mtb co-infection led to increased expression of the activation/exhaustion markers PD-1 and TIGIT, and decreased ability to secrete TNFα when compared to SIV-naïve MCM. Our study provides evidence that SIV infection does not prohibit the recruitment of MAIT cells to sites of Mtb infection, but does functionally impair those MAIT cells. Their impaired function could have impacts, either direct or indirect, on the long-term containment of TB disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Ellis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Alexis J. Balgeman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Erica C. Larson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, and Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Rodgers
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, and Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Cassaundra Ameel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, and Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Tonilynn Baranowski
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, and Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Nadean Kannal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Pauline Maiello
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, and Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A. Juno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Charles A. Scanga
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, and Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Shelby L. O’Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Terpstra ML, Remmerswaal EBM, van Aalderen MC, Wever JJ, Sinnige MJ, van der Bom-Baylon ND, Bemelman FJ, Geerlings SE. Circulating mucosal-associated invariant T cells in subjects with recurrent urinary tract infections are functionally impaired. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2020; 8:80-92. [PMID: 32032475 PMCID: PMC7016840 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Urinary tract infection recurrence is common, particularly in women and immunocompromised patients, such as renal transplant recipients (RTRs). Mucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cells play a role in the antibacterial response by recognizing bacterial riboflavin metabolites produced by bacteria such as Escherichia coli. Here, we investigated whether MAIT cells are involved in the pathogenesis of recurrent urinary tract infections (RUTIs). Methods Using multichannel flow cytometry, we characterized the MAIT cell phenotype and function in blood from immunocompetent adults with (n = 13) and without RUTIs (n = 10) and in RTRs with (n = 9) and without RUTIs (n = 10). Results There were no differences in the numbers of MAIT cells between the study groups. MAIT cells in patients with RUTI expressed T‐bet more often than those in controls. MAIT cells from immunocompetent RUTI participants required more antigen‐presenting cells coincubated with E. coli to evoke a similar cytokine and degranulation response than those from controls. This effect was absent in the RTR with RUTI vs RTR control groups, where the overall percentage of MAIT cells that responded to stimulation was already reduced. Conclusion Circulating MAIT cells in immunocompetent individuals with RUTIs respond to bacterial stimuli with reduced efficacy, which suggests that they are involved in the pathogenesis of RUTIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matty L Terpstra
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Renal Transplant Unit, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ester B M Remmerswaal
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel C van Aalderen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joyce J Wever
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Renal Transplant Unit, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjan J Sinnige
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nelly D van der Bom-Baylon
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frederike J Bemelman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Renal Transplant Unit, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne E Geerlings
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Loh L, Gherardin NA, Sant S, Grzelak L, Crawford JC, Bird NL, Koay HF, van de Sandt CE, Moreira ML, Lappas M, Allen EK, Crowe J, Loudovaris T, Flanagan KL, Quinn KM, Rossjohn J, Thomas PG, Eckle SBG, McCluskey J, Godfrey DI, Kedzierska K. Human Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells in Older Individuals Display Expanded TCRαβ Clonotypes with Potent Antimicrobial Responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:1119-1133. [PMID: 31988181 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are important for immune responses against microbial infections. Although known to undergo marked numerical changes with age in humans, our understanding of how MAIT cells are altered during different phases across the human life span is largely unknown. Although also abundant in the tissues, our study focuses on MAIT cell analyses in blood. Across the human life span, we show that naive-like MAIT cells in umbilical cord blood switch to a central/effector memory-like profile that is sustained into older age. Whereas low-grade levels of plasma cytokine/chemokine were apparent in older donors (>65 y old), surprisingly, they did not correlate with the ex vivo MAIT hyperinflammatory cytokine profile observed in older adults. Removal of MAIT cells from older individuals and an aged environment resulted in the reversal of the baseline effector molecule profile comparable with MAIT cells from younger adults. An upregulated basal inflammatory profile accounted for reduced Escherichia coli-specific responses in aged MAIT cells compared with their young adult counterparts when fold change in expression levels of GzmB, CD107a, IFN-γ, and TNF was examined. However, the magnitude of antimicrobial MR1-dependent activation remained as potent and polyfunctional as with younger adults. Paired TCRαβ analyses of MAIT cells revealed large clonal expansions in older adults and tissues that rivalled, remarkably, the TCRαβ repertoire diversity of virus-specific CD8+ T cells. These data suggest that MAIT cells in older individuals, although associated with large clonal TCRαβ expansions and increased baseline inflammatory potential, demonstrate plasticity and provide potent antimicrobial immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyen Loh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia;
| | - Nicholas A Gherardin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Sneha Sant
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Ludivine Grzelak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | | | - Nicola L Bird
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Hui-Fern Koay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Carolien E van de Sandt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marcela L Moreira
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Martha Lappas
- Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - E Kaitlynn Allen
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Jane Crowe
- Deepdene Surgery, Deepdene, Victoria 3103, Australia
| | - Thomas Loudovaris
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Katie L Flanagan
- Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia.,University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.,School of Health and Biomedical Science, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Kylie M Quinn
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; and.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Sidonia B G Eckle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - James McCluskey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Dale I Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia;
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Murugesan A, Ibegbu C, Styles TM, Jones AT, Shanmugasundaram U, Reddy PBJ, Rahman SJ, Saha P, Vijay-Kumar M, Shankar EM, Amara RR, Velu V. Functional MAIT Cells Are Associated With Reduced Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3053. [PMID: 32010135 PMCID: PMC6978843 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are recently characterized as a novel subset of innate-like T cells that recognize microbial metabolites as presented by the MHC-1b-related protein MR1. The significance of MAIT cells in anti-bacterial defense is well-understood but not clear in viral infections such as SIV/HIV infection. Here we studied the phenotype, distribution, and function of MAIT cells and their association with plasma viral levels during chronic SHIV infection in rhesus macaques (RM). Two groups of healthy and chronic SHIV-infected macaques were characterized for MAIT cells in blood and mucosal tissues. Similar to human, we found a significant fraction of macaque T cells co-expressing MAIT cell markers CD161 and TCRVα-7.2 that correlated directly with macaque MR1 tetramer. These cells displayed memory phenotype and expressed high levels of IL-18R, CCR6, CD28, and CD95. During chronic infection, the frequency of MAIT cells are enriched in the blood but unaltered in the rectum; both blood and rectal MAIT cells displayed higher proliferative and cytotoxic phenotype post-SHIV infection. The frequency of MAIT cells in blood and rectum correlated inversely with plasma viral RNA levels and correlated directly with total CD4 T cells. MAIT cells respond to microbial products during chronic SHIV infection and correlated positively with serum immunoreactivity to flagellin levels. Tissue distribution analysis of MAIT cells during chronic infection showed significant enrichment in the non-lymphoid tissues (lung, rectum, and liver) compared to lymphoid tissues (spleen and LN), with higher levels of tissue-resident markers CD69 and CD103. Exogenous in vitro cytokine treatments during chronic SHIV infection revealed that IL-7 is important for the proliferation of MAIT cells, but IL-12 and IL-18 are important for their cytolytic function. Overall our results demonstrated that MAIT cells are enriched in blood but unaltered in the rectum during chronic SHIV infection, which displayed proliferative and functional phenotype that inversely correlated with SHIV plasma viral RNA levels. Treatment such as combined cytokine treatments could be beneficial for enhancing functional MAIT cells during chronic HIV infection in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amudhan Murugesan
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Chris Ibegbu
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Tiffany M Styles
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Andrew T Jones
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Pradeep B J Reddy
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Sadia J Rahman
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Piu Saha
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Esaki Muthu Shankar
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
| | - Rama Rao Amara
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Vijayakumar Velu
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Lal KG, Kim D, Costanzo MC, Creegan M, Leeansyah E, Dias J, Paquin-Proulx D, Eller LA, Schuetz A, Phuang-Ngern Y, Krebs SJ, Slike BM, Kibuuka H, Maganga L, Nitayaphan S, Kosgei J, Sacdalan C, Ananworanich J, Bolton DL, Michael NL, Shacklett BL, Robb ML, Eller MA, Sandberg JK. Dynamic MAIT cell response with progressively enhanced innateness during acute HIV-1 infection. Nat Commun 2020; 11:272. [PMID: 31937782 PMCID: PMC6959336 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13975-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cell loss in chronic HIV-1 infection is a significant insult to antimicrobial immune defenses. Here we investigate the response of MAIT cells during acute HIV-1 infection utilizing the RV217 cohort with paired longitudinal pre- and post-infection samples. MAIT cells are activated and expand in blood and mucosa coincident with peak HIV-1 viremia, in a manner associated with emerging microbial translocation. This is followed by a phase with elevated function as viral replication is controlled to a set-point level, and later by their functional decline at the onset of chronic infection. Interestingly, enhanced innate-like pathways and characteristics develop progressively in MAIT cells during infection, in parallel with TCR repertoire alterations. These findings delineate the dynamic MAIT cell response to acute HIV-1 infection, and show how the MAIT compartment initially responds and expands with enhanced function, followed by progressive reprogramming away from TCR-dependent antibacterial responses towards innate-like functionality. Here, using longitudinal pre- and post-infection samples from the RV217 Early Capture HIV Cohort Study, the authors show that mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells become activated and expand during the early acute phase of HIV infection, with subsequent reprogramming towards innate-like functionality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerri G Lal
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dohoon Kim
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Margaret C Costanzo
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matthew Creegan
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Edwin Leeansyah
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joana Dias
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dominic Paquin-Proulx
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Leigh Anne Eller
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexandra Schuetz
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Retrovirology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yuwadee Phuang-Ngern
- Department of Retrovirology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Shelly J Krebs
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bonnie M Slike
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hannah Kibuuka
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Lucas Maganga
- National Institute for Medical Research-Mbeya Medical Research Center, Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Sorachai Nitayaphan
- Royal Thai Army Component, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Josphat Kosgei
- Kenya Medical Research Institute/U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa/Kenya, Kericho, Kenya
| | - Carlo Sacdalan
- SEARCH, The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jintanat Ananworanich
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA.,SEARCH, The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Diane L Bolton
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nelson L Michael
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Barbara L Shacklett
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Merlin L Robb
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael A Eller
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Johan K Sandberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Sia WR, Boulouis C, Gulam MY, Kwa ALH, Sandberg JK, Leeansyah E. Quantification of Human MAIT Cell-Mediated Cellular Cytotoxicity and Antimicrobial Activity. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2098:149-165. [PMID: 31792821 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0207-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells represent the most abundant population of antimicrobial T cells in humans. When encountering cells infected with riboflavin-producing bacteria, this innate-like T cell population rapidly release a plethora of pro-inflammatory cytokines, mediates antimicrobial activity, and kill infected cells. Here, we describe methodological approaches and protocols to measure their cytotoxicity and antimicrobial effector function using multi-color flow cytometry-based and standard microbiological techniques. We provide specific guidance on protocols and describe potential pitfalls for each of the presented methodologies. Finally, we discuss potential applications and current limitations of our approaches to the study of human MAIT cell antimicrobial properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan Rong Sia
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Caroline Boulouis
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Muhammad Yaaseen Gulam
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrea Lay Hoon Kwa
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Johan K Sandberg
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Edwin Leeansyah
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hagel JP, Garner LC, Bilton M, Mehta H, Leng T, Hackstein CP, Phalora P, Amini A, Akther HD, Provine NM, Edmans M, Willberg CB, Klenerman P. Human MAIT Cell Activation In Vitro. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2098:97-124. [PMID: 31792818 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0207-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are an abundant innate-like T cell subset in humans, enriched in mucosal tissues and the liver. MAIT cells express a semi-invariant T cell receptor (TCR) and recognize microbial-derived riboflavin metabolites presented on the MHC Class I-like molecule MR1. In addition to activation via the TCR, MAIT cells can also be activated in response to cytokines such as IL-12 and IL-18, in contrast to conventional T cells. Here we describe TCR-dependent and -independent methods for MAIT cell activation. The TCR-dependent approaches include stimulation with microbead- or plate-bound anti-CD3/anti-CD28 antibodies, and with 5-OP-RU or paraformaldehyde (PFA)-fixed E. coli in the presence of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). The latter method includes a combination of TCR- and cytokine-mediated stimulation. The TCR-independent methods include direct stimulation with the recombinant cytokines IL-12 and IL-18, and indirect stimulation with TLR-4/TLR-8 agonists or influenza A virus in the presence of APCs. Finally, we outline a protocol to analyze activated MAIT cells using flow cytometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim P Hagel
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lucy C Garner
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew Bilton
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hema Mehta
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tianqi Leng
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Carl-Philipp Hackstein
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Prabhjeet Phalora
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ali Amini
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hossain D Akther
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas M Provine
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew Edmans
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christian B Willberg
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells in Tumors of Epithelial Origin. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1224:63-77. [PMID: 32036605 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35723-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate T lymphocytes that circulate in blood and also reside in mucosal tissues. Blood MAIT cells are typically highly Th1-polarized, while those in mucosal tissues include both Th1- and Th17-polarized subsets. MAIT cells mount cytokine and cytolytic responses as a result of T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated recognition of microbially derived metabolites of riboflavin (vitamin B2) presented by the MR1 antigen-presenting molecule. Additionally, MAIT cells can be activated by inflammatory cytokines produced by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that have been exposed to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Since the antigenic metabolites of riboflavin recognized by MAIT cells are produced by many microorganisms, including pathogens as well as non-pathogenic colonists, the inflammatory state of the tissue may be a key feature that determines the nature of MAIT cell responses. Under normal conditions where inflammatory cytokines are not produced, MAIT cell responses to microbial metabolites may simply serve to help maintain a healthy balance between epithelial cells and microbial colonists. In contrast, in situations where inflammatory cytokines are produced (e.g., pathogenic infection or damage to epithelial tissue), MAIT cell responses may be more potently pro-inflammatory. Since chronic inflammation and microbial drivers are associated with tumorigenesis and also trigger MAIT cell responses, the nexus of MAIT cells, local microbiomes, and epithelial cells may play an important role in epithelial carcinogenesis. This chapter reviews current information about MAIT cells and epithelial tumors, where the balance of evidence suggests that enrichment of Th17-polarized MAIT cells at tumor sites associates with poor patient prognosis. Studying the role of MAIT cells and their interactions with resident microbes offers a novel view of the biology of epithelial tumor progression and may ultimately lead to new approaches to target MAIT cells clinically.
Collapse
|