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Védrine M, Gilbert FB, Maman S, Klopp C, Gitton C, Rainard P, Germon P. Soluble CD14 produced by bovine mammary epithelial cells modulates their response to full length LPS. Vet Res 2024; 55:76. [PMID: 38867337 PMCID: PMC11170775 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01329-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis remains a major disease in cattle world-wide. In the mammary gland, mammary epithelial cells (MEC) are sentinels equipped with receptors allowing them to detect and respond to the invasion by bacterial pathogens, in particular Escherichia coli. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major E. coli motif recognized by MEC through its interaction with the TLR4 receptor and the CD14 co-receptor. Previous studies have highlighted the role of soluble CD14 (sCD14) in the efficient recognition of LPS molecules possessing a full-length O-antigen (LPSS). We demonstrate here that MEC are able to secrete CD14 and are likely to contribute to the presence of sCD14 in milk. We then investigated how sCD14 modulates and is required for the response of MEC to LPSS. This study highlights the key role of sCD14 for the full activation of the Myd88-independent pathway by LPSS. We also identified several lncRNA that are activated in MEC in response to LPS, including one lncRNA showing homologies with the mir-99a-let-7c gene (MIR99AHG). Altogether, our results show that a full response to LPS by mammary epithelial cells requires sCD14 and provide detailed information on how milk sCD14 can contribute to an efficient recognition of LPS from coliform pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mégane Védrine
- ISP UMR 1282, INRAE, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Florence B Gilbert
- ISP UMR 1282, INRAE, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Sarah Maman
- SIGENAE, GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, INPT, ENVT, 31326, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Christophe Klopp
- SIGENAE, Genotoul Bioinfo, BioInfoMics, MIAT UR875, INRAE, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Christophe Gitton
- ISP UMR 1282, INRAE, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascal Rainard
- ISP UMR 1282, INRAE, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Pierre Germon
- ISP UMR 1282, INRAE, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, France.
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Laroche N, Grimm P, Julliand S, Sorci G. Diet modulates strongyle infection and microbiota in the large intestine of horses. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301920. [PMID: 38593129 PMCID: PMC11003623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of anthelminthic drugs has several drawbacks, including the selection of resistant parasite strains. Alternative avenues to mitigate the negative effects of helminth infection involve dietary interventions that might affect resistance and/or tolerance by improving host immunity, modulating the microbiota, or exerting direct anthelmintic effects. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of diet on strongyle infection in horses, specifically through immune-mediated, microbiota-mediated, or direct anthelmintic effects. Horses that were naturally infected with strongyles were fed either a high-fiber or high-starch diet, supplemented with either polyphenol-rich pellets (dehydrated sainfoin) or control pellets (sunflower and hay). When horses were fed a high-starch diet, they excreted more strongyle eggs. Adding sainfoin in the high-starch diet reduced egg excretion. Additionally, sainfoin decreased larval motility whatever the diet. Moreover, the high-starch diet led to a lower fecal bacterial diversity, structural differences in fecal microbiota, lower fecal pH, lower blood acetate, and lower hematocrit compared to the high-fiber diet. Circulating levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines, lipopolysaccharides, procalcitonin, and white blood cells proportions did not differ between diets. Overall, this study highlights the role of dietary manipulations as an alternative strategy to mitigate the effect of helminth infection and suggests that, in addition to the direct effects, changes in the intestinal ecosystem are the possible underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Laroche
- Lab To Field, 26 bd Docteur Petitjean, Dijon, France
- Biogéosciences, CNRS UMR 6282, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, Dijon, France
| | - Pauline Grimm
- Lab To Field, 26 bd Docteur Petitjean, Dijon, France
| | - Samy Julliand
- Lab To Field, 26 bd Docteur Petitjean, Dijon, France
| | - Gabriele Sorci
- Biogéosciences, CNRS UMR 6282, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, Dijon, France
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3
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Dardelle F, Phelip C, Darabi M, Kondakova T, Warnet X, Combret E, Juranville E, Novikov A, Kerzerho J, Caroff M. Diversity, Complexity, and Specificity of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Structures Impacting Their Detection and Quantification. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3927. [PMID: 38612737 PMCID: PMC11011966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Endotoxins are toxic lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), extending from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and notorious for their toxicity and deleterious effects. The comparison of different LPSs, isolated from various Gram-negative bacteria, shows a global similar architecture corresponding to a glycolipid lipid A moiety, a core oligosaccharide, and outermost long O-chain polysaccharides with molecular weights from 2 to 20 kDa. LPSs display high diversity and specificity among genera and species, and each bacterium contains a unique set of LPS structures, constituting its protective external barrier. Some LPSs are not toxic due to their particular structures. Different, well-characterized, and highly purified LPSs were used in this work to determine endotoxin detection rules and identify their impact on the host. Endotoxin detection is a major task to ensure the safety of human health, especially in the pharma and food sectors. Here, we describe the impact of different LPS structures obtained under different bacterial growth conditions on selective LPS detection methods such as LAL, HEK-blue TLR-4, LC-MS2, and MALDI-MS. In these various assays, LPSs were shown to respond differently, mainly attributable to their lipid A structures, their fatty acid numbers and chain lengths, the presence of phosphate groups, and their possible substitutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavien Dardelle
- LPS-BioSciences, Bâtiment 440, Université de Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France; (F.D.); (M.D.); (E.J.)
| | - Capucine Phelip
- HEPHAISTOS-Pharma, Bâtiment 440, Université de Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France; (C.P.); (A.N.); (J.K.)
| | - Maryam Darabi
- LPS-BioSciences, Bâtiment 440, Université de Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France; (F.D.); (M.D.); (E.J.)
| | - Tatiana Kondakova
- LPS-BioSciences, Bâtiment 440, Université de Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France; (F.D.); (M.D.); (E.J.)
| | - Xavier Warnet
- LPS-BioSciences, Bâtiment 440, Université de Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France; (F.D.); (M.D.); (E.J.)
| | - Edyta Combret
- LPS-BioSciences, Bâtiment 440, Université de Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France; (F.D.); (M.D.); (E.J.)
| | - Eugenie Juranville
- LPS-BioSciences, Bâtiment 440, Université de Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France; (F.D.); (M.D.); (E.J.)
| | - Alexey Novikov
- HEPHAISTOS-Pharma, Bâtiment 440, Université de Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France; (C.P.); (A.N.); (J.K.)
| | - Jerome Kerzerho
- HEPHAISTOS-Pharma, Bâtiment 440, Université de Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France; (C.P.); (A.N.); (J.K.)
| | - Martine Caroff
- LPS-BioSciences, Bâtiment 440, Université de Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France; (F.D.); (M.D.); (E.J.)
- HEPHAISTOS-Pharma, Bâtiment 440, Université de Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France; (C.P.); (A.N.); (J.K.)
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Reisinger N, Doupovec B, Czabany T, Van Immerseel F, Croubels S, Antonissen G. Endotoxin Translocation Is Increased in Broiler Chickens Fed a Fusarium Mycotoxin-Contaminated Diet. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:167. [PMID: 38668592 PMCID: PMC11053883 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16040167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Broiler chickens in livestock production face numerous challenges that can impact their health and welfare, including mycotoxin contamination and heat stress. In this study, we aimed to investigate the combined effects of two mycotoxins, deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisins (FBs), along with short-term heat stress conditions, on broiler gut health and endotoxin translocation. An experiment was conducted to assess the impacts of mycotoxin exposure on broilers, focusing on intestinal endotoxin activity, gene expression related to gut barrier function and inflammation, and the plasma concentration of the endotoxin marker 3-OH C14:0 either at thermoneutral conditions or short-term heat stress conditions. Independently of heat stress, broilers fed DON-contaminated diets exhibited reduced body weight gain during the starter phase (Day 1-12) compared to the control group, while broilers fed FB-contaminated diets experienced decreased body weight gain throughout the entire trial period (Day 1-24). Furthermore, under thermoneutral conditions, broilers fed DON-contaminated diets showed an increase in 3-OH C14:0 concentration in the plasma. Moreover, under heat stress conditions, the expression of genes related to gut barrier function (Claudin 5, Zonulin 1 and 2) and inflammation (Toll-like receptor 4, Interleukin-1 beta, Interleukin-6) was significantly affected by diets contaminated with mycotoxins, depending on the gut segment. This effect was particularly prominent in broilers fed diets contaminated with FBs. Notably, the plasma concentration of 3-OH C14:0 increased in broilers exposed to both DON- and FB-contaminated diets under heat stress conditions. These findings shed light on the intricate interactions between mycotoxins, heat stress, gut health, and endotoxin translocation in broiler chickens, highlighting the importance of understanding these interactions for the development of effective management strategies in livestock production to enhance broiler health and welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Reisinger
- dsm-firmenich Animal Nutrition and Health R&D Center Tulln, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (B.D.); (T.C.)
| | - Barbara Doupovec
- dsm-firmenich Animal Nutrition and Health R&D Center Tulln, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (B.D.); (T.C.)
| | - Tibor Czabany
- dsm-firmenich Animal Nutrition and Health R&D Center Tulln, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (B.D.); (T.C.)
| | - Filip Van Immerseel
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (F.V.I.); (S.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Siska Croubels
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (F.V.I.); (S.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Gunther Antonissen
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (F.V.I.); (S.C.); (G.A.)
- Chair Poultry Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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Madruga MP, Grun LK, Santos LSMD, Friedrich FO, Antunes DB, Rocha MEF, Silva PL, Dorneles GP, Teixeira PC, Oliveira TF, Romão PRT, Santos L, Moreira JCF, Michaelsen VS, Cypel M, Antunes MOB, Jones MH, Barbé-Tuana FM, Bauer ME. Excess of body weight is associated with accelerated T-cell senescence in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Immun Ageing 2024; 21:17. [PMID: 38454515 PMCID: PMC10921685 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-024-00423-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several risk factors have been involved in the poor clinical progression of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), including ageing, and obesity. SARS-CoV-2 may compromise lung function through cell damage and paracrine inflammation; and obesity has been associated with premature immunosenescence, microbial translocation, and dysfunctional innate immune responses leading to poor immune response against a range of viruses and bacterial infections. Here, we have comprehensively characterized the immunosenescence, microbial translocation, and immune dysregulation established in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with different degrees of body weight. RESULTS Hospitalised COVID-19 patients with overweight and obesity had similarly higher plasma LPS and sCD14 levels than controls (all p < 0.01). Patients with obesity had higher leptin levels than controls. Obesity and overweight patients had similarly higher expansions of classical monocytes and immature natural killer (NK) cells (CD56+CD16-) than controls. In contrast, reduced proportions of intermediate monocytes, mature NK cells (CD56+CD16+), and NKT were found in both groups of patients than controls. As expected, COVID-19 patients had a robust expansion of plasmablasts, contrasting to lower proportions of major T-cell subsets (CD4 + and CD8+) than controls. Concerning T-cell activation, overweight and obese patients had lower proportions of CD4+CD38+ cells than controls. Contrasting changes were reported in CD25+CD127low/neg regulatory T cells, with increased and decreased proportions found in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, respectively. There were similar proportions of T cells expressing checkpoint inhibitors across all groups. We also investigated distinct stages of T-cell differentiation (early, intermediate, and late-differentiated - TEMRA). The intermediate-differentiated CD4 + T cells and TEMRA cells (CD4+ and CD8+) were expanded in patients compared to controls. Senescent T cells can also express NK receptors (NKG2A/D), and patients had a robust expansion of CD8+CD57+NKG2A+ cells than controls. Unbiased immune profiling further confirmed the expansions of senescent T cells in COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that dysregulated immune cells, microbial translocation, and T-cell senescence may partially explain the increased vulnerability to COVID-19 in subjects with excess of body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mailton Prestes Madruga
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, building 12 (4th floor), Porto Alegre, 90619-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Kich Grun
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, building 12 (4th floor), Porto Alegre, 90619-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Letícya Simone Melo Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, building 12 (4th floor), Porto Alegre, 90619-900, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Douglas Bitencourt Antunes
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, building 12 (4th floor), Porto Alegre, 90619-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcella Elesbão Fogaça Rocha
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, building 12 (4th floor), Porto Alegre, 90619-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Pedro Luis Silva
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, building 12 (4th floor), Porto Alegre, 90619-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Gilson P Dorneles
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paula Coelho Teixeira
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago Franco Oliveira
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Pedro R T Romão
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Santos
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (IB-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - José Claudio Fonseca Moreira
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (IB-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Schenk Michaelsen
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marcelo Cypel
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Department of Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marcos Otávio Brum Antunes
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcus Herbert Jones
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Florencia María Barbé-Tuana
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, building 12 (4th floor), Porto Alegre, 90619-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Moisés Evandro Bauer
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, building 12 (4th floor), Porto Alegre, 90619-900, RS, Brazil.
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Chaignat C, Lagrost L, Moretto K, de Barros JPP, Winiszewski H, Grober J, Saas P, Piton G. Plasma citrulline concentration and plasma LPS detection among critically ill patients a prospective observational study. J Crit Care 2024; 79:154438. [PMID: 37797404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2023.154438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gut can be a source of sepsis but sepsis itself can induce gut dysfunction. We aimed to study whether plasma citrulline, a marker of enterocyte mass, was correlated with plasma lipopolysaccharide, a potential marker of bacterial translocation among critically ill patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Critically ill patients admitted to the ICU. Plasma citrulline and plasma LPS concentration and activity were measured at ICU admission. Patients were compared according to the presence of sepsis at ICU admission. RESULTS 109 critically ill patients, with SOFA score 8 [6-12], were prospectively included. Sixty six patients (61%) had sepsis at ICU admission. There was no correlation between plasma citrulline concentration and plasma LPS concentration or activity. However, sepsis at ICU admission was associated with a lower plasma citrulline concentration (13.4 μmol.L-1 vs 21.3 μmol.L-1, p = 0.02). Plasma LPS activity was significantly higher among patients with abdominal sepsis compared to patients with extra-abdominal sepsis (1.04 EU/mL vs 0.63, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Plasma citrulline is not associated with the level of plasma LPS but is strongly decreased among septic patients. Detection of LPS is ubiquitous among critically ill patients but abdominal sepsis is associated with increased plasma LPS activity compared to extra-abdominal sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Chaignat
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon, France
| | | | - Karena Moretto
- Biochemistry Unit, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon, France
| | - Jean-Paul Pais de Barros
- INSERM, LNC UMR1231, LabEx LipSTIC, Dijon, France; Plateforme de Lipidomique, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Hadrien Winiszewski
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon, France; Equipe d'Accueil 3920, Université de Franche Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Jacques Grober
- INSERM, LNC UMR1231, LabEx LipSTIC, Dijon, France; Institut Agro Dijon, Boulevard Petit Jean, Dijon, France
| | - Philippe Saas
- Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Plateforme de BioMonitoring, Besançon, France; Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, LabEx LipSTIC, Besançon, France
| | - Gaël Piton
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon, France; Equipe d'Accueil 3920, Université de Franche Comté, Besançon, France.
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Sondhi P, Adeniji T, Lingden D, Stine KJ. Advances in endotoxin analysis. Adv Clin Chem 2024; 118:1-34. [PMID: 38280803 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
The outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria is primarily composed of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In addition to protection, LPS defines the distinct serogroups used to identify bacteria specifically. Furthermore, LPS also act as highly potent stimulators of innate immune cells, a phenomenon essential to understanding pathogen invasion in the body. The complex multi-step process of LPS binding to cells involves several binding partners, including LPS binding protein (LBP), CD14 in both membrane-bound and soluble forms, membrane protein MD-2, and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Once these pathways are activated, pro-inflammatory cytokines are eventually expressed. These binding events are also affected by the presence of monomeric or aggregated LPS. Traditional techniques to detect LPS include the rabbit pyrogen test, the monocyte activation test and Limulus-based tests. Modern approaches are based on protein, antibodies or aptamer binding. Recently, novel techniques including electrochemical methods, HPLC, quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), and molecular imprinting have been developed. These approaches often use nanomaterials such as gold nanoparticles, quantum dots, nanotubes, and magnetic nanoparticles. This chapter reviews current developments in endotoxin detection with a focus on modern novel techniques that use various sensing components, ranging from natural biomolecules to synthetic materials. Highly integrated and miniaturized commercial endotoxin detection devices offer a variety of options as the scientific and technologic revolution proceeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak Sondhi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Taiwo Adeniji
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Dhanbir Lingden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Keith J Stine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, United States.
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Godon J, Charles PE, Nguyen S, de Barros JPP, Choubley H, Jacquier M, Tetu J, Quenot JP, Luu M, Binquet C, Masson D, Piroth L, Blot M. Pneumococcal pneumonia and endotoxemia: An experimental and clinical reappraisal. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14077. [PMID: 37642230 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating endotoxins could result from bacterial digestive translocation during sepsis, thus contributing to uncontrolled systemic inflammation, leading in turn to organ dysfunction. We addressed this issue in the setting of severe pneumococcal pneumonia. METHODS Endotoxemia was measured in a clinically relevant rabbit model of ventilated pneumococcal pneumonia and in 110 patients with bacteraemic pneumonia, using a patented mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for detection of 3-OH fatty acids (C10, C12, C14, C16 and C18), which are molecules bound to the lipid A motif of LPS. RESULTS Whereas higher levels of systemic inflammation and organ dysfunctions were found, there was no significant difference in lipopolysaccharide concentrations when infected rabbits were compared to non-infected ones, or when patients were compared to healthy volunteers. CONCLUSIONS Seemingly, endotoxins do not drive the overwhelming inflammation associated with severe forms of pneumococcal pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Godon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dijon-Bourgogne University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Charles
- Department of Intensive Care, Dijon-Bourgogne University Hospital, Dijon, France
- Lipness Team, INSERM Research Centre LNC-UMR1231 and LabEx LipSTIC, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Sylvie Nguyen
- Lipness Team, INSERM Research Centre LNC-UMR1231 and LabEx LipSTIC, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | | | | | - Marine Jacquier
- Department of Intensive Care, Dijon-Bourgogne University Hospital, Dijon, France
- Lipness Team, INSERM Research Centre LNC-UMR1231 and LabEx LipSTIC, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Jennifer Tetu
- Laboratory of bacteriology, Dijon-Bourgogne University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Quenot
- Department of Intensive Care, Dijon-Bourgogne University Hospital, Dijon, France
- Lipness Team, INSERM Research Centre LNC-UMR1231 and LabEx LipSTIC, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
- CHU Dijon-Bourgogne, INSERM, Université de Bourgogne CIC 1432 Module Épidémiologie Clinique, Dijon France and LabEx LipSTIC, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Maxime Luu
- CHU Dijon-Bourgogne, INSERM, Université de Bourgogne CIC 1432 Module Plurithématique, Dijon, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Christine Binquet
- CHU Dijon-Bourgogne, INSERM, Université de Bourgogne CIC 1432 Module Épidémiologie Clinique, Dijon France and LabEx LipSTIC, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - David Masson
- Lipness Team, INSERM Research Centre LNC-UMR1231 and LabEx LipSTIC, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Lionel Piroth
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dijon-Bourgogne University Hospital, Dijon, France
- CHU Dijon-Bourgogne, INSERM, Université de Bourgogne CIC 1432 Module Épidémiologie Clinique, Dijon France and LabEx LipSTIC, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Mathieu Blot
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dijon-Bourgogne University Hospital, Dijon, France
- Lipness Team, INSERM Research Centre LNC-UMR1231 and LabEx LipSTIC, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
- CHU Dijon-Bourgogne, INSERM, Université de Bourgogne CIC 1432 Module Épidémiologie Clinique, Dijon France and LabEx LipSTIC, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
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9
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Bourragat A, Escoula Q, Bellenger S, Zemb O, Beaumont M, Chaumonnot K, Farine JP, Jacotot E, Bonnotte A, Avoscan L, Lherminier J, Luo K, Narce M, Bellenger J. The transplantation of the gut microbiome of fat-1 mice protects against colonic mucus layer disruption and endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by high fat diet. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2356270. [PMID: 38797998 PMCID: PMC11135845 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2356270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
High-fat diets alter gut barrier integrity, leading to endotoxemia by impacting epithelial functions and inducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in intestinal secretory goblet cells. Indeed, ER stress, which is an important contributor to many chronic diseases such as obesity and obesity-related disorders, leads to altered synthesis and secretion of mucins that form the protective mucus barrier. In the present study, we investigated the relative contribution of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs)-modified microbiota to alleviating alterations in intestinal mucus layer thickness and preserving gut barrier integrity. Male fat-1 transgenic mice (exhibiting endogenous omega-3 PUFAs tissue enrichment) and wild-type (WT) littermates were fed either an obesogenic high-fat diet (HFD) or a control diet. Unlike WT mice, HFD-fed fat-1 mice were protected against mucus layer alterations as well as an ER stress-mediated decrease in mucin expression. Moreover, cecal microbiota transferred from fat-1 to WT mice prevented changes in the colonic mucus layer mainly through colonic ER stress downregulation. These findings highlight a novel feature of the preventive effects of omega-3 fatty acids against intestinal permeability in obesity-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Bourragat
- CTM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- CTM UMR1231, INSERM, Dijon, France
- LipSTIC LabEx, FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Quentin Escoula
- CTM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- CTM UMR1231, INSERM, Dijon, France
- LipSTIC LabEx, FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
- Valorex, La Messayais, Combourtillé, France
| | - Sandrine Bellenger
- CTM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- CTM UMR1231, INSERM, Dijon, France
- LipSTIC LabEx, FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Olivier Zemb
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Martin Beaumont
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Killian Chaumonnot
- CTM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- CTM UMR1231, INSERM, Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Farine
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, UMR6265 CNRS, UMR1324 INRA, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Emmanuel Jacotot
- L’Institut Agro Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Aline Bonnotte
- Agroécologie, L’Institut Agro Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Plateforme DimaCell, Dijon, France
| | - Laure Avoscan
- Agroécologie, L’Institut Agro Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Plateforme DimaCell, Dijon, France
| | - Jeanine Lherminier
- Agroécologie, L’Institut Agro Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Plateforme DimaCell, Dijon, France
| | - Kangjia Luo
- CTM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- CTM UMR1231, INSERM, Dijon, France
- LipSTIC LabEx, FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Michel Narce
- CTM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- CTM UMR1231, INSERM, Dijon, France
- LipSTIC LabEx, FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Jérôme Bellenger
- CTM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- CTM UMR1231, INSERM, Dijon, France
- LipSTIC LabEx, FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
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10
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Larsen PP, Féart C, Pais de Barros JP, Merle BMJ, Gayraud L, Delyfer MN, Korobelnik JF, Delcourt C. Association of Age-Related Macular Degeneration with a Blood Biomarker of Lipopolysaccharide, a Gut Bacterial Proinflammatory Toxin. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:47. [PMID: 38032336 PMCID: PMC10691392 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.14.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Chronic inflammation, immune dysregulation, and oxidative stress are major drivers of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) pathogenesis. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a potent proinflammatory toxin originating from gut bacteria. We assessed the association of a blood biomarker of LPS exposure with incident AMD. Methods The Alienor Study is a prospective population-based study, including 963 residents of Bordeaux (France), aged 73 years or more at baseline. Esterified 3-hydroxy fatty acids (3-OH FAs) were measured from blood samples as a proxy of LPS burden. AMD was graded from color retinal photographs and spectral domain optical coherence tomography, performed every two years from 2006 to 2017. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate associations of between esterified 3-OH FAs, using 722 eyes at risk for incident early AMD and 981 eyes at risk for incident advanced AMD. Results Higher esterified 3-OH FAs were associated with incident early AMD after adjusting for age and gender (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.21 for 1 standard deviation [SD] increase; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.45; P = 0.04) but not with incident advanced AMD (HR = 1.03 for 1 SD increase; 95% CI, 0.73-1.45; P = 0.86). These associations remained stable after multivariate adjustment and imputation for missing covariates (early AMD HR = 1.22 for 1 SD increase; 95% CI, 1.01-1.46; P = 0.04; advanced AMD HR = 0.98 for 1 SD increase; 95% CI, 0.69-1.38; P = 0.91). Conclusions This study evidenced an association between higher esterified 3-OH FAs and incident early AMD, suggesting that exposure to LPS may be involved in the early pathophysiological processes of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Laure Gayraud
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie-Noëlle Delyfer
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'Ophtalmologie, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-François Korobelnik
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'Ophtalmologie, Bordeaux, France
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11
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Suhail H, Nematullah M, Rashid F, Sajad M, Fatma M, Singh J, Zahoor I, Cheung WL, Tiwari N, Ayasolla K, Kumar A, Hoda N, Rattan R, Giri S. An early glycolysis burst in microglia regulates mitochondrial dysfunction in oligodendrocytes under neuroinflammation. iScience 2023; 26:107921. [PMID: 37841597 PMCID: PMC10568429 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism and energy processes governing oligodendrocyte function during neuroinflammatory disease are of great interest. However, how varied cellular environments affect oligodendrocyte activity during neuroinflammation is unknown. We demonstrate that activated microglial energy metabolism controls oligodendrocyte mitochondrial respiration and activity. Lipopolysaccharide/interferon gamma promote glycolysis and decrease mitochondrial respiration and myelin protein synthesis in rat brain glial cells. Enriched microglia showed an early burst in glycolysis. In microglia-conditioned medium, oligodendrocytes did not respire and expressed less myelin. SCENITH revealed metabolic derangement in microglia and O4-positive oligodendrocytes in endotoxemia and experimental autoimmune encephalitogenic models. The early burst of glycolysis in microglia was mediated by PDPK1 and protein kinase B/AKT signaling. We found that microglia-produced NO and itaconate, a tricarboxylic acid bifurcated metabolite, reduced mitochondrial respiration in oligodendrocytes. During inflammation, we discovered a signaling pathway in microglia that could be used as a therapeutic target to restore mitochondrial function in oligodendrocytes and induce remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Suhail
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | | | - Faraz Rashid
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Mir Sajad
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Mena Fatma
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Jaspreet Singh
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Insha Zahoor
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Wing Lee Cheung
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Nivedita Tiwari
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Kameshwar Ayasolla
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Ophthalmology/Kresge Eye Institute, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Nasrul Hoda
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Ramandeep Rattan
- Division of Gynecology Oncology, Department of Women’s Health Services, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Shailendra Giri
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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12
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Nguyen M, Gautier T, Masson D, Bouhemad B, Guinot PG. Endotoxemia in Acute Heart Failure and Cardiogenic Shock: Evidence, Mechanisms and Therapeutic Options. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12072579. [PMID: 37048662 PMCID: PMC10094881 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12072579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock are frequently occurring and deadly conditions. In patients with those conditions, endotoxemia related to gut injury and gut barrier dysfunction is usually described as a driver of organ dysfunction. Because endotoxemia might reciprocally alter cardiac function, this phenomenon has been suggested as a potent vicious cycle that worsens organ perfusion and leading to adverse outcomes. Yet, evidence beyond this phenomenon might be overlooked, and mechanisms are not fully understood. Subsequently, even though therapeutics available to reduce endotoxin load, there are no indications to treat endotoxemia during acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock. In this review, we first explore the evidence regarding endotoxemia in acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock. Then, we describe the main treatments for endotoxemia in the acute setting, and we present the challenges that remain before personalized treatments against endotoxemia can be used in patients with acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock.
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13
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Thilakarathna WPDW, Langille MGI, Rupasinghe HPV. Hepatotoxicity of polymeric proanthocyanidins is caused by translocation of bacterial lipopolysaccharides through impaired gut epithelium. Toxicol Lett 2023; 379:35-47. [PMID: 36935082 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric proanthocyanidins (P-PAC) induced hepatotoxicity in C57BL/6 mice. Mice were supplemented with P-PAC alone or with a mixture of probiotic bacteria (PB), Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Akkermansia muciniphila for 14 consecutive days. The liver tissues of sacrificed mice were analyzed by mass spectrometry to identify and quantify the P-PAC metabolites. Potential P-PAC metabolites, 2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and pyrocatechol were detected in higher concentrations and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid was detected exclusively in the mice supplemented with P-PAC and PB. Supplementation with P-PAC alone or with PB caused no shift in the α-diversity of mice gut microbiota. P-PAC induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice through increasing liver exposure to intestinal bacterial lipopolysaccharides by reducing expression of gut epithelial tight junction proteins, claudin-3 and occludin. Lipopolysaccharide concentrations in the livers of mice supplemented with P-PAC were significantly high compared to the control mice. Furthermore, P-PAC downregulated the expressions of claudin-3 and claudin-4 tight junction proteins in cultured Caco-2 cell monolayers. PB biotransformed P-PAC into bioavailable metabolites and potentially reduced the toxicity of P-PAC. The toxicity of P-PAC and their synbiotics need to be critically evaluated for the safety of human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasitha P D W Thilakarathna
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Morgan G I Langille
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - H P Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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14
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Abstract
Systemic inflammation has been suggested to have a pivotal role in atherothrombosis, but the factors that trigger systemic inflammation have not been fully elucidated. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a component of the membrane of Gram-negative bacteria present in the gut that can translocate into the systemic circulation, causing non-septic, low-grade endotoxaemia. Gut dysbiosis is a major determinant of low-grade endotoxaemia via dysfunction of the intestinal barrier scaffold, which is a prerequisite for LPS translocation into the systemic circulation. Experimental studies have demonstrated that LPS is present in atherosclerotic arteries but not in normal arteries. In atherosclerotic plaques, LPS promotes a pro-inflammatory status that can lead to plaque instability and thrombus formation. Low-grade endotoxaemia affects several cell types, including leukocytes, platelets and endothelial cells, leading to inflammation and clot formation. Low-grade endotoxaemia has been described in patients at risk of or with overt cardiovascular disease, in whom low-grade endotoxaemia was associated with atherosclerotic burden and its clinical sequelae. In this Review, we describe the mechanisms favouring the development of low-grade endotoxaemia, focusing on gut dysbiosis and changes in gut permeability; the plausible biological mechanisms linking low-grade endotoxaemia and atherothrombosis; the clinical studies suggesting that low-grade endotoxaemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular events; and the potential therapeutic tools to improve gut permeability and eventually eliminate low-grade endotoxaemia.
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15
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Virzì GM, Mattiotti M, de Cal M, Ronco C, Zanella M, De Rosa S. Endotoxin in Sepsis: Methods for LPS Detection and the Use of Omics Techniques. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 13:diagnostics13010079. [PMID: 36611371 PMCID: PMC9818564 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or endotoxin, the major cell wall component of Gram-negative bacteria, plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. It is able to activate the host defense system through interaction with Toll-like receptor 4, thus triggering pro-inflammatory mechanisms. A large amount of LPS induces inappropriate activation of the immune system, triggering an exaggerated inflammatory response and consequent extensive organ injury, providing the basis of sepsis damage. In this review, we will briefly describe endotoxin's molecular structure and its main pathogenetic action during sepsis. In addition, we will summarize the main different available methods for endotoxin detection with a special focus on the wider spectrum offered by omics technologies (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) and promising applications of these in the identification of specific biomarkers for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Maria Virzì
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, San Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
- IRRIV—International Renal Research Institute Vicenza, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0444753650; Fax: +39-0444753949
| | - Maria Mattiotti
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, San Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
- IRRIV—International Renal Research Institute Vicenza, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS—Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo de Cal
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, San Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
- IRRIV—International Renal Research Institute Vicenza, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
| | - Claudio Ronco
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, San Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
- IRRIV—International Renal Research Institute Vicenza, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
| | - Monica Zanella
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, San Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
- IRRIV—International Renal Research Institute Vicenza, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
| | - Silvia De Rosa
- IRRIV—International Renal Research Institute Vicenza, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
- Centre for Medical Sciences—CISMed, University of Trento, Via S. Maria Maddalena 1, 38122 Trento, Italy
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Santa Chiara Regional Hospital, APSS Trento, 38122 Trento, Italy
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16
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Lebrun LJ, Pallot G, Nguyen M, Tavernier A, Dusuel A, Pilot T, Deckert V, Dugail I, Le Guern N, Pais De Barros JP, Benkhaled A, Choubley H, Lagrost L, Masson D, Gautier T, Grober J. Increased Weight Gain and Insulin Resistance in HF-Fed PLTP Deficient Mice Is Related to Altered Inflammatory Response and Plasma Transport of Gut-Derived LPS. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13226. [PMID: 36362012 PMCID: PMC9654699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS, endotoxins) are found in high amounts in the gut lumen. LPS can cross the gut barrier and pass into the blood (endotoxemia), leading to low-grade inflammation, a common scheme in metabolic diseases. Phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) can transfer circulating LPS to plasma lipoproteins, thereby promoting its detoxification. However, the impact of PLTP on the metabolic fate and biological effects of gut-derived LPS is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the influence of PLTP on low-grade inflammation, obesity and insulin resistance in relationship with LPS intestinal translocation and metabolic endotoxemia. Wild-type (WT) mice were compared with Pltp-deficient mice (Pltp-KO) after a 4-month high-fat (HF) diet or oral administration of labeled LPS. On a HF diet, Pltp-KO mice showed increased weight gain, adiposity, insulin resistance, lipid abnormalities and inflammation, together with a higher exposure to endotoxemia compared to WT mice. After oral administration of LPS, PLTP deficiency led to increased intestinal translocation and decreased association of LPS to lipoproteins, together with an altered catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL). Our results show that PLTP, by modulating the intestinal translocation of LPS and plasma processing of TRL-bound LPS, has a major impact on low-grade inflammation and the onset of diet-induced metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorène J. Lebrun
- INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France
- Institut Agro Dijon, 1 Esplanade Erasme, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Gaëtan Pallot
- INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Maxime Nguyen
- INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Dijon University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Annabelle Tavernier
- INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France
- Institut Agro Dijon, 1 Esplanade Erasme, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Alois Dusuel
- INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Thomas Pilot
- INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Valérie Deckert
- INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Isabelle Dugail
- Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, UMR1269, 75000 Paris, France
| | - Naig Le Guern
- INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Paul Pais De Barros
- INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France
- Lipidomic Analytic Plate-Forme, UBFC, Bâtiment B3, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Anissa Benkhaled
- INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Hélène Choubley
- INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France
- Lipidomic Analytic Plate-Forme, UBFC, Bâtiment B3, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Lagrost
- INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - David Masson
- INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, François Mitterrand University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Thomas Gautier
- INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Jacques Grober
- INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France
- Institut Agro Dijon, 1 Esplanade Erasme, 21000 Dijon, France
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17
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Jobe M, Agbla SC, Todorcevic M, Darboe B, Danso E, de Barros JPP, Lagrost L, Karpe F, Prentice AM. Possible mediators of metabolic endotoxemia in women with obesity and women with obesity-diabetes in The Gambia. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:1892-1900. [PMID: 35933445 PMCID: PMC9492538 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Translocation of bacterial debris from the gut causes metabolic endotoxemia (ME) that results in insulin resistance, and may be on the causal pathway to obesity-related type 2 diabetes. To guide interventions against ME we tested two hypothesised mechanisms for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ingress: a leaky gut and chylomicron-associated transfer following a high-fat meal. METHODS In lean women (n = 48; fat mass index (FMI) 9.6 kg/m2), women with obesity (n = 62; FMI 23.6 kg/m2) and women with obesity-diabetes (n = 38; FMI 24.9 kg/m2) we used the lactulose-mannitol dual-sugar permeability test (LM ratio) to assess gut integrity. Markers of ME (LPS, EndoCAb IgG and IgM, IL-6, CD14 and lipoprotein binding protein) were assessed at baseline, 2 h and 5 h after a standardised 49 g fat-containing mixed meal. mRNA expression of markers of inflammation, macrophage activation and lipid metabolism were measured in peri-umbilical adipose tissue (AT) biopsies. RESULTS The LM ratio did not differ between groups. LPS levels were 57% higher in the obesity-diabetes group (P < 0.001), but, contrary to the chylomicron transfer hypothesis, levels significantly declined following the high-fat challenge. EndoCAb IgM was markedly lower in women with obesity and women with obesity-diabetes. mRNA levels of inflammatory markers in adipose tissue were consistent with the prior concept that fat soluble LPS in AT attracts and activates macrophages. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Raised levels of LPS and IL-6 in women with obesity-diabetes and evidence of macrophage activation in adipose tissue support the concept of metabolic endotoxemia-mediated inflammation, but we found no evidence for abnormal gut permeability or chylomicron-associated post-prandial translocation of LPS. Instead, the markedly lower EndoCAb IgM levels indicate a failure in sequestration and detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modou Jobe
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia.
| | - Schadrac C Agbla
- Department of Health Data Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Bakary Darboe
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Ebrima Danso
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | | | - Laurent Lagrost
- Plateforme de Lipidomique-uBourgogne, INSERM UMR1231/LabEx LipSTIC, Dijon, France
- University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, OUH Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew M Prentice
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
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18
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Pflieger FJ, Wolf J, Feldotto M, Nockher A, Wenderoth T, Hernandez J, Roth J, Ott D, Rummel C. Norepinephrine Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated TNF-α but Not Oxylipin Induction in n-3/n-6 PUFA-Enriched Cultures of Circumventricular Organs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158745. [PMID: 35955879 PMCID: PMC9368774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory circumventricular organs (sCVOs) are pivotal brain structures involved in immune-to-brain communication with a leaky blood-brain barrier that detect circulating mediators such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Here, we aimed to investigate the potential of sCVOs to produce n-3 and n-6 oxylipins after LPS-stimulation. Moreover, we investigated if norepinephrine (NE) co-treatment can alter cytokine- and oxylipin-release. Thus, we stimulated rat primary neuroglial sCVO cultures under n-3- or n-6-enriched conditions with LPS or saline combined with NE or vehicle. Supernatants were assessed for cytokines by bioassays and oxylipins by HPLC-MS/MS. Expression of signaling pathways and enzymes were analyzed by RT-PCR. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α bioactivity and signaling, IL-10 expression, and cyclooxygenase (COX)2 were increased, epoxide hydroxylase (Ephx)2 was reduced, and lipoxygenase 15-(LOX) was not changed by LPS stimulation. Moreover, LPS induced increased levels of several n-6-derived oxylipins, including the COX-2 metabolite 15d-prostaglandin-J2 or the Ephx2 metabolite 14,15-DHET. For n-3-derived oxylipins, some were down- and some were upregulated, including 15-LOX-derived neuroprotectin D1 and 18-HEPE, known for their anti-inflammatory potential. While the LPS-induced increase in TNFα levels was significantly reduced by NE, oxylipins were not significantly altered by NE or changes in TNFα levels. In conclusion, LPS-induced oxylipins may play an important functional role in sCVOs for immune-to-brain communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Johannes Pflieger
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Wolf
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Pathobiochemistry, and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Martin Feldotto
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Nockher
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Pathobiochemistry, and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Tatjana Wenderoth
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jessica Hernandez
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Joachim Roth
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Ott
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Christoph Rummel
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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19
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Ben Fradj S, Nédélec E, Salvi J, Fouesnard M, Huillet M, Pallot G, Cansell C, Sanchez C, Philippe C, Gigot V, Lemoine A, Trompier D, Henry T, Petrilli V, Py BF, Guillou H, Loiseau N, Ellero-Simatos S, Nahon JL, Rovère C, Grober J, Boudry G, Douard V, Benani A. Evidence for Constitutive Microbiota-Dependent Short-Term Control of Food Intake in Mice: Is There a Link with Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Endotoxemia, and GLP-1? Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:349-369. [PMID: 35166124 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Although prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal transplantation can alter the sensation of hunger and/or feeding behavior, the role of the constitutive gut microbiota in the short-term regulation of food intake during normal physiology is still unclear. Results: An antibiotic-induced microbiota depletion study was designed to compare feeding behavior in conventional and microbiota-depleted mice. Tissues were sampled to characterize the time profile of microbiota-derived signals in mice during consumption of either standard or high-fat food for 1 h. Pharmacological and genetic tools were used to evaluate the contribution of postprandial endotoxemia and inflammatory responses in the short-term regulation of food intake. We observed constitutive microbial and macronutrient-dependent control of food intake at the time scale of a meal; that is, within 1 h of food introduction. Specifically, microbiota depletion increased food intake, and the microbiota-derived anorectic effect became significant during the consumption of high-fat but not standard food. This anorectic effect correlated with a specific postprandial microbial metabolic signature, and did not require postprandial endotoxemia or an NOD-, LRR-, and Pyrin domain-containing protein 3-inflammasome-mediated inflammatory response. Innovation and Conclusion: These findings show that the gut microbiota controls host appetite at the time scale of a meal under normal physiology. Interestingly, a microbiota-derived anorectic effect develops specifically with a high-fat meal, indicating that gut microbiota activity is involved in the satietogenic properties of foods. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 349-369.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Ben Fradj
- CSGA, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS (UMR6265), INRAE (UMR1324), Institut Agro Dijon, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Nédélec
- CSGA, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS (UMR6265), INRAE (UMR1324), Institut Agro Dijon, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Juliette Salvi
- CSGA, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS (UMR6265), INRAE (UMR1324), Institut Agro Dijon, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Mélanie Fouesnard
- Institut Micalis, INRAE (UMR1319), AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Institut NuMeCan, INRAE (UMR1341), INSERM (UMR1241), Université de Rennes 1, St-Gilles, France
| | - Marine Huillet
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse 3, INRAE (UMR1331), ENVT, INP-Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Gaëtan Pallot
- Centre de Recherche Lipides, Nutrition, Cancer, INSERM (UMR1231), Institut Agro Dijon, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Céline Cansell
- IPMC, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS (UMR7275), Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Clara Sanchez
- IPMC, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS (UMR7275), Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Catherine Philippe
- Institut Micalis, INRAE (UMR1319), AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Vincent Gigot
- CSGA, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS (UMR6265), INRAE (UMR1324), Institut Agro Dijon, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Aleth Lemoine
- CSGA, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS (UMR6265), INRAE (UMR1324), Institut Agro Dijon, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Doriane Trompier
- CSGA, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS (UMR6265), INRAE (UMR1324), Institut Agro Dijon, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Thomas Henry
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm (U1111), CNRS (UMR5308), ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Virginie Petrilli
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm (U1052), CNRS (UMR5286), Université de Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Benedicte F Py
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm (U1111), CNRS (UMR5308), ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Hervé Guillou
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse 3, INRAE (UMR1331), ENVT, INP-Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Loiseau
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse 3, INRAE (UMR1331), ENVT, INP-Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Ellero-Simatos
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse 3, INRAE (UMR1331), ENVT, INP-Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Louis Nahon
- IPMC, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS (UMR7275), Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Carole Rovère
- IPMC, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS (UMR7275), Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Jacques Grober
- Centre de Recherche Lipides, Nutrition, Cancer, INSERM (UMR1231), Institut Agro Dijon, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Gaelle Boudry
- Institut NuMeCan, INRAE (UMR1341), INSERM (UMR1241), Université de Rennes 1, St-Gilles, France
| | - Véronique Douard
- Institut Micalis, INRAE (UMR1319), AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Alexandre Benani
- CSGA, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS (UMR6265), INRAE (UMR1324), Institut Agro Dijon, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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20
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Chagué C, Gautier T, Dal Zuffo L, Pais de Barros J, Wetzel A, Tarris G, Pallot G, Martin L, Valmary‐Degano S, Deckert V, Lagrost L, Daguindau E, Saas P. High-density lipoprotein infusion protects from acute graft-versus-host disease in experimental allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Am J Transplant 2022; 22:1350-1361. [PMID: 35038785 PMCID: PMC9306461 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is a major limitation of the therapeutic potential of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) derived from intestinal gram-negative bacteria are well-known aGVHD triggers and amplifiers. Here, we explored the LPS metabolism in aGVHD mouse models using an innovative quantification method. We demonstrated that systemic LPS accumulation after transplantation was due, at least partly, to a defect in its clearance through lipoprotein-mediated transport to the liver (i.e., the so-called reverse LPS transport). After transplantation, reduced circulating HDL concentration impaired LPS neutralization and elimination through biliary flux. Accordingly, HDL-deficient (Apoa1tm1Unc ) recipient mice developed exacerbated aGVHD. Repeated administration of HDL isolated from human plasma significantly decreased the mortality and the severity of aGVHD. While the potential role of HDL in scavenging circulating LPS was examined in this study, it appears that HDL plays a more direct immunomodulatory role by limiting or controlling aGVHD. Notably, HDL infusion mitigated liver aGVHD by diminishing immune infiltration (e.g., interferon-γ-secreting CD8+ T cells and non-resident macrophages), systemic and local inflammation (notably cholangitis). Hence, our results revealed the interest of HDL-based therapies in the prevention of aGVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Chagué
- University Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéINSERM, EFS BFCUMR1098 RIGHT Interactions Greffon‐Hôte‐Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et GéniqueLabEX LipSTICFHU INCREASEBesançonFrance
| | - Thomas Gautier
- University Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéINSERMLNC UMR1231LabEX LipSTICDijonFrance
| | - Ludivine Dal Zuffo
- University Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéINSERM, EFS BFCUMR1098 RIGHT Interactions Greffon‐Hôte‐Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et GéniqueLabEX LipSTICFHU INCREASEBesançonFrance
| | | | - Audrey Wetzel
- University Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéINSERM, EFS BFCUMR1098 RIGHT Interactions Greffon‐Hôte‐Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et GéniqueLabEX LipSTICFHU INCREASEBesançonFrance
| | - Georges Tarris
- University Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéINSERM, EFS BFCUMR1098 RIGHT Interactions Greffon‐Hôte‐Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et GéniqueLabEX LipSTICFHU INCREASEBesançonFrance,Service d’Anatomie et Cytologie PathologiquesCHU DijonDijonFrance
| | - Gaëtan Pallot
- University Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéINSERMLNC UMR1231LabEX LipSTICDijonFrance
| | - Laurent Martin
- University Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéINSERM, EFS BFCUMR1098 RIGHT Interactions Greffon‐Hôte‐Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et GéniqueLabEX LipSTICFHU INCREASEBesançonFrance,Service d’Anatomie et Cytologie PathologiquesCHU DijonDijonFrance
| | | | - Valérie Deckert
- University Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéINSERMLNC UMR1231LabEX LipSTICDijonFrance
| | - Laurent Lagrost
- University Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéINSERMLNC UMR1231LabEX LipSTICDijonFrance
| | - Etienne Daguindau
- University Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéINSERM, EFS BFCUMR1098 RIGHT Interactions Greffon‐Hôte‐Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et GéniqueLabEX LipSTICFHU INCREASEBesançonFrance,Service d’HématologieCHU BesançonBesançonFrance
| | - Philippe Saas
- University Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéINSERM, EFS BFCUMR1098 RIGHT Interactions Greffon‐Hôte‐Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et GéniqueLabEX LipSTICFHU INCREASEBesançonFrance
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21
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Effect of a Hemodialysis Session on Markers of Inflammation and Endotoxin. Int J Inflam 2022; 2022:8632245. [PMID: 35310812 PMCID: PMC8930269 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8632245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background People receiving hemodialysis (HD) treatment have higher cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, ascribed to an increased prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. However, the role of nontraditional risk factors, such as inflammation, has become increasingly recognized. The origin of this inflammation remains elusive and one putative cause is elevated levels of circulating bacterial endotoxin. Methods In this study, serum concentrations of endotoxin and inflammatory biomarkers, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL1β), ferritin and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), were measured in 30 adults receiving HD and 10 healthy individuals without kidney disease. In people receiving HD, samples were collected immediately before dialysis (preHD), after dialysis (postHD), and 48 hours after (postHD48hrs). Results Endotoxin was detectable in only 1 of 90 samples analyzed. There were no significant differences in serum hsCRP, IL1β, and IL6 levels, before and after dialysis. Serum TNF levels decreased significantly from 30.9 (8.0, 39.5) pg/mL preHD to 13.9 (8.5, 17.3) pg/mL post-HD (p=0.002) and then increased back to 27.37 (14.5, 35) pg/mL 2 days later (p < 0.001). Ferritin increased from 1153 ng/mL (782, 1458) preHD to 1313 ng/mL (657, 1638) post HD (p < 0.001) and then decreased back to 1186 ng/mL (754, 1597) (p=0.66) postHD48hrs. Compared to controls, people receiving HD had significantly elevated levels of hsCRP [6.16 mg/L (2.1, 16.8) vs. 1.1 mg/L (0.81, 3.63) p=0.015], IL1β [1.5 pg/mL (0.05, 2.51) vs. 0.5 pg/mL (1.81, 2.95) p ≤ 0.001], and ferritin [1153 (782, 1458) vs. 132.9 (111, 257) ng/mL p ≤ 0.001], but comparable levels of in IL6 [6.15 pg/mL (4.82, 9.12) vs. 7.49 pg/mL (4.56, 10.39), p=0.77] and TNF [27.35 pg/mL ± 17.48 vs. 17.87 pg/mL ± 12.28, p < 0.12]. In conclusion, people on HD have elevated levels of inflammatory biomarkers, which are not associated with endotoxemia (which is rare) or the dialysis procedure.
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22
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Mohr AE, Crawford M, Jasbi P, Fessler S, Sweazea KL. Lipopolysaccharide and the gut microbiota: Considering structural variation. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:849-875. [PMID: 35262962 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Systemic inflammation is associated with chronic disease and is purported to be a main pathogenic mechanism underlying metabolic conditions. Microbes harbored in the host gastrointestinal tract release signaling byproducts from their cell wall, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which can act locally and, after crossing the gut barrier and entering circulation, also systemically. Defined as metabolic endotoxemia, elevated concentrations of LPS in circulation are associated with metabolic conditions and chronic disease. As such, measurement of LPS is highly prevalent in animal and human research investigating these states. Indeed, LPS can be a potent stimulant of host immunity but this response depends on the microbial species' origin, a parameter often overlooked in both preclinical and clinical investigations. Indeed, the lipid A portion of LPS is mutable and comprises the main virulence and endotoxic component, thus contributing to the structural and functional diversity among LPSs from microbial species. In this review, we discuss how such structural differences in LPS can induce differential immunological responses in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex E Mohr
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Meli'sa Crawford
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Riverside, California, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Paniz Jasbi
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Samantha Fessler
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Karen L Sweazea
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America.,School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
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23
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Pussinen PJ, Kopra E, Pietiäinen M, Lehto M, Zaric S, Paju S, Salminen A. Periodontitis and cardiometabolic disorders: The role of lipopolysaccharide and endotoxemia. Periodontol 2000 2022; 89:19-40. [PMID: 35244966 PMCID: PMC9314839 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide is a virulence factor of gram-negative bacteria with a crucial importance to the bacterial surface integrity. From the host's perspective, lipopolysaccharide plays a role in both local and systemic inflammation, activates both innate and adaptive immunity, and can trigger inflammation either directly (as a microbe-associated molecular pattern) or indirectly (by inducing the generation of nonmicrobial, danger-associated molecular patterns). Translocation of lipopolysaccharide into the circulation causes endotoxemia, which is typically measured as the biological activity of lipopolysaccharide to induce coagulation of an aqueous extract of blood cells of the assay. Apparently healthy subjects have a low circulating lipopolysaccharide activity, since it is neutralized and cleared rapidly. However, chronic endotoxemia is involved in the pathogenesis of many inflammation-driven conditions, especially cardiometabolic disorders. These include atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, obesity, liver diseases, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome, where endotoxemia has been recognized as a risk factor. The main source of endotoxemia is thought to be the gut microbiota. However, the oral dysbiosis in periodontitis, which is typically enriched with gram-negative bacterial species, may also contribute to endotoxemia. As endotoxemia is associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic disorders, lipopolysaccharide could be considered as a molecular link between periodontal microbiota and cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirkko J Pussinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisa Kopra
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Milla Pietiäinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Lehto
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine Research Programs, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Svetislav Zaric
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Susanna Paju
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aino Salminen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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24
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Peters A, Rabe P, Liebing AD, Krumbholz P, Nordström A, Jäger E, Kraft R, Stäubert C. Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 3 and GPR84 – Two metabolite-sensing G protein-coupled receptors with opposing functions in innate immune cells. Pharmacol Res 2022; 176:106047. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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Characterization of the LPS and 3OHFA Contents in the Lipoprotein Fractions and Lipoprotein Particles of Healthy Men. Biomolecules 2021; 12:biom12010047. [PMID: 35053195 PMCID: PMC8773495 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is caused by the accumulation of LDL particles in the intima, causing the activation of immune cells and triggering an inflammatory response. LPS is a potent activator of the innate immune response and it can be transported by lipoproteins. Since humans are much more sensitive to LPS than other mammals, and very low amounts of LPS can elicit an immune response, the aim of this study is to characterize the distribution of LPS and its immunogenic portion (3OHFAs) among lipoprotein types of healthy men. We separated lipoprotein fractions by ultracentrifugation and the amount of each 3OHFA was measured by MS in each lipoprotein fraction to calculate LPS concentration. Lipoprotein particle concentration was measured by NMR. LDL and HDL fractions transported the highest concentration of LPS (35.7% and 31.5%, respectively), but VLDL particles carried more LPS molecules per particle (0.55 molecules/particle) than LDL or HDL (p < 0.01). The distribution of LPS and all 3OHFAs among lipoprotein fractions showed high interindividual variability, suggesting that they may be studied as a potential biomarker. This may help understand the role of LPS in atherosclerosis in those cases where the disease cannot be explained by traditional risk factors.
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26
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Hoyles L, Pontifex MG, Rodriguez-Ramiro I, Anis-Alavi MA, Jelane KS, Snelling T, Solito E, Fonseca S, Carvalho AL, Carding SR, Müller M, Glen RC, Vauzour D, McArthur S. Regulation of blood-brain barrier integrity by microbiome-associated methylamines and cognition by trimethylamine N-oxide. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:235. [PMID: 34836554 PMCID: PMC8626999 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01181-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Communication between the gut microbiota and the brain is primarily mediated via soluble microbe-derived metabolites, but the details of this pathway remain poorly defined. Methylamines produced by microbial metabolism of dietary choline and L-carnitine have received attention due to their proposed association with vascular disease, but their effects upon the cerebrovascular circulation have hitherto not been studied. RESULTS Here, we use an integrated in vitro/in vivo approach to show that physiologically relevant concentrations of the dietary methylamine trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) enhanced blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and protected it from inflammatory insult, acting through the tight junction regulator annexin A1. In contrast, the TMAO precursor trimethylamine (TMA) impaired BBB function and disrupted tight junction integrity. Moreover, we show that long-term exposure to TMAO protects murine cognitive function from inflammatory challenge, acting to limit astrocyte and microglial reactivity in a brain region-specific manner. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate the mechanisms through which microbiome-associated methylamines directly interact with the mammalian BBB, with consequences for cerebrovascular and cognitive function. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Hoyles
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, UK.
| | | | - Ildefonso Rodriguez-Ramiro
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Metabolic Syndrome Group, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) in Food, E28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Areeb Anis-Alavi
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Khadija S Jelane
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Tom Snelling
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Egle Solito
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Dipartimento di Medicina molecolare e Biotecnologie mediche, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Sonia Fonseca
- The Gut Microbes and Health Research Programme, The Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Ana L Carvalho
- The Gut Microbes and Health Research Programme, The Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Simon R Carding
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- The Gut Microbes and Health Research Programme, The Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Michael Müller
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Robert C Glen
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Vauzour
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Simon McArthur
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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27
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Payen D, Dupuis C, Deckert V, Pais de Barros JP, Rérole AL, Lukaszewicz AC, Coudroy R, Robert R, Lagrost L. Endotoxin Mass Concentration in Plasma Is Associated With Mortality in a Multicentric Cohort of Peritonitis-Induced Shock. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:749405. [PMID: 34778311 PMCID: PMC8586519 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.749405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the association of plasma LPS mass with mortality and inflammation in patients with peritonitis-induced septic shock (SS). Design: Longitudinal endotoxin and inflammatory parameters in a multicentric cohort of SS. Patients: Protocolized post-operative parameters of 187 SS patients collected at T1 (12 h max post-surgery) and T4 (24 h after T1). Intervention: Post-hoc analysis of ABDOMIX trial. Measurements and Results: Plasma concentration of LPS mass as determined by HPLC-MS/MS analysis of 3-hydroxymyristate, activity of phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP), lipids, lipoproteins, IL-6, and IL-10. Cohort was divided in low (LLPS) and high (HLPS) LPS levels. The predictive value for mortality was tested by multivariate analysis. HLPS and LLPS had similar SAPSII (58 [48.5; 67]) and SOFA (8 [6.5; 9]), but HLPS showed higher death and LPS to PLTP ratio (p < 0.01). LPS was stable in HLPS, but it increased in LLPS with a greater decrease in IL-6 (p < 0.01). Dead patients had a higher T1 LPS (p = 0.02), IL-6 (<0.01), IL-10 (=0.01), and day 3 SOFA score (p = 0.01) than survivors. In the group of SAPSII > median, the risk of death in HLPS (38%) was higher than in LLPS (24%; p < 0.01). The 28-day death was associated only with SAPSII (OR 1.06 [1.02; 1.09]) and HLPS (OR 2.47 [1; 6.11]) in the multivariate model. In HLPS group, high PLTP was associated with lower plasma levels of IL-6 (p = 0.02) and IL-10 (p = 0.05). Conclusions: Combination of high LPS mass concentration and high SAPS II is associated with elevated mortality in peritonitis-induced SS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Payen
- UFR de Médecine Lariboisière-Saint-Louis, University Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Claire Dupuis
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Gabriel Montpied University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Valérie Deckert
- Inserm, LNC-UMR1231, Dijon, France.,University Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LNC-UMR1231, Dijon, France.,LabEx LipSTIC, FCS Bourgogne-France Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Paul Pais de Barros
- Inserm, LNC-UMR1231, Dijon, France.,University Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LNC-UMR1231, Dijon, France.,LabEx LipSTIC, FCS Bourgogne-France Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Anne-Laure Rérole
- Inserm, LNC-UMR1231, Dijon, France.,University Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LNC-UMR1231, Dijon, France.,LabEx LipSTIC, FCS Bourgogne-France Comté, Dijon, France.,CHU Dijon, Service de la Recherche, Dijon, France
| | | | - Remi Coudroy
- Department of Medical Intensive Care, La Miléterie University Hospital, Poitiers University, Poitiers, France
| | - René Robert
- Department of Medical Intensive Care, La Miléterie University Hospital, Poitiers University, Poitiers, France
| | - Laurent Lagrost
- Inserm, LNC-UMR1231, Dijon, France.,University Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LNC-UMR1231, Dijon, France.,LabEx LipSTIC, FCS Bourgogne-France Comté, Dijon, France.,CHU Dijon, Service de la Recherche, Dijon, France
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28
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Leskelä J, Toppila I, Härma MA, Palviainen T, Salminen A, Sandholm N, Pietiäinen M, Kopra E, Pais de Barros JP, Lassenius MI, Kumar A, Harjutsalo V, Roslund K, Forsblom C, Loukola A, Havulinna AS, Lagrost L, Salomaa V, Groop PH, Perola M, Kaprio J, Lehto M, Pussinen PJ. Genetic Profile of Endotoxemia Reveals an Association With Thromboembolism and Stroke. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e022482. [PMID: 34668383 PMCID: PMC8751832 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.022482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Translocation of lipopolysaccharide from gram-negative bacteria into the systemic circulation results in endotoxemia. In addition to acute infections, endotoxemia is detected in cardiometabolic disorders, such as cardiovascular diseases and obesity. Methods and Results We performed a genome-wide association study of serum lipopolysaccharide activity in 11 296 individuals from 6 different Finnish study cohorts. Endotoxemia was measured by limulus amebocyte lysate assay in the whole population and by 2 other techniques (Endolisa and high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry) in subpopulations. The associations of the composed genetic risk score of endotoxemia and thrombosis-related clinical end points for 195 170 participants were analyzed in FinnGen. Lipopolysaccharide activity had a genome-wide significant association with 741 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 5 independent loci, which were mainly located at genes affecting the contact activation of the coagulation cascade and lipoprotein metabolism and explained 1.5% to 9.2% of the variability in lipopolysaccharide activity levels. The closest genes included KNG1, KLKB1, F12, SLC34A1, YPEL4, CLP1, ZDHHC5, SERPING1, CBX5, and LIPC. The genetic risk score of endotoxemia was associated with deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary heart disease, and venous thromboembolism. Conclusions The biological activity of lipopolysaccharide in the circulation (ie, endotoxemia) has a small but highly significant genetic component. Endotoxemia is associated with genetic variation in the contact activation pathway, vasoactivity, and lipoprotein metabolism, which play important roles in host defense, lipopolysaccharide neutralization, and thrombosis, and thereby thromboembolism and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Leskelä
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Iiro Toppila
- Folkhälsan Institute of GeneticsFolkhälsan Research Center Helsinki Finland.,Abdominal Center Nephrology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland.,Diabetes and Obesity Research Program Research Programs Unit University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Mari-Anne Härma
- Folkhälsan Institute of GeneticsFolkhälsan Research Center Helsinki Finland.,Abdominal Center Nephrology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland.,Diabetes and Obesity Research Program Research Programs Unit University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Teemu Palviainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Aino Salminen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Niina Sandholm
- Folkhälsan Institute of GeneticsFolkhälsan Research Center Helsinki Finland.,Abdominal Center Nephrology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland.,Diabetes and Obesity Research Program Research Programs Unit University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Milla Pietiäinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Elisa Kopra
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Jean-Paul Pais de Barros
- INSERM UMR1231 Dijon France.,Lipidomic Analytical Platform, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté Dijon France.,LipSTIC LabEx Dijon France
| | | | - Mariann I Lassenius
- Folkhälsan Institute of GeneticsFolkhälsan Research Center Helsinki Finland.,Abdominal Center Nephrology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland.,Diabetes and Obesity Research Program Research Programs Unit University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Anmol Kumar
- Folkhälsan Institute of GeneticsFolkhälsan Research Center Helsinki Finland.,Abdominal Center Nephrology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland.,Diabetes and Obesity Research Program Research Programs Unit University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Valma Harjutsalo
- Folkhälsan Institute of GeneticsFolkhälsan Research Center Helsinki Finland.,Abdominal Center Nephrology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland.,Diabetes and Obesity Research Program Research Programs Unit University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Kajsa Roslund
- Folkhälsan Institute of GeneticsFolkhälsan Research Center Helsinki Finland.,Abdominal Center Nephrology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland.,Diabetes and Obesity Research Program Research Programs Unit University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Carol Forsblom
- Folkhälsan Institute of GeneticsFolkhälsan Research Center Helsinki Finland.,Abdominal Center Nephrology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland.,Diabetes and Obesity Research Program Research Programs Unit University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Anu Loukola
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland University of Helsinki Finland.,Department of Public Health Solutions Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki Finland.,Department of Public Health University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Aki S Havulinna
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland University of Helsinki Finland.,Department of Public Health Solutions Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki Finland
| | - Laurent Lagrost
- INSERM UMR1231 Dijon France.,LipSTIC LabEx Dijon France.,University Bourgogne Franche-Comté Dijon France.,University Hospital, Hôpital du Bocage Dijon France
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health Solutions Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki Finland
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Folkhälsan Institute of GeneticsFolkhälsan Research Center Helsinki Finland.,Abdominal Center Nephrology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland.,Diabetes and Obesity Research Program Research Programs Unit University of Helsinki Finland.,Department of Diabetes Central Clinical School Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Markus Perola
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit Department of Health Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland University of Helsinki Finland.,Department of Public Health University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Markku Lehto
- Folkhälsan Institute of GeneticsFolkhälsan Research Center Helsinki Finland.,Abdominal Center Nephrology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland.,Diabetes and Obesity Research Program Research Programs Unit University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Pirkko J Pussinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
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29
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Nguyen M, Gautier T, Reocreux G, Pallot G, Maquart G, Bahr PA, Tavernier A, Grober J, Masson D, Bouhemad B, Guinot PG. Increased Phospholipid Transfer Protein Activity Is Associated With Markers of Enhanced Lipopolysaccharide Clearance in Human During Cardiopulmonary Bypass. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:756269. [PMID: 34712716 PMCID: PMC8545915 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.756269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a component of gram-negative bacteria, known for its ability to trigger inflammation. The main pathway of LPS clearance is the reverse lipopolysaccharide transport (RLT), with phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) and lipoproteins playing central roles in this process in experimental animal models. To date, the relevance of this pathway has never been studied in humans. Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass is known to favor LPS digestive translocation. Our objective was to determine whether pre-operative PLTP activity and triglyceride or cholesterol-rich lipoprotein concentrations were associated to LPS concentrations in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods: A post-hoc analysis was conducted on plasma samples obtained from patients recruited in a randomized controlled trial.Total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), triglyceride and PLTP activity were measured before surgery. LPS concentration was measured by mass spectrometry before surgery, at the end of cardiopulmonary bypass and 24 h after admission to the intensive care unit. Results: High PLTP activity was associated with lower LPS concentration but not with inflammation nor post-operative complications. HDLc, LDLc and total cholesterol were not associated with LPS concentration but were lower in patients developing post-operative adverse events. HDLc was negatively associated with inflammation biomarkers (CRP, PCT). Triglyceride concentrations were positively correlated with LPS concentration, PCT and were higher in patients with post-operative complications. Conclusion: Our study supports the role of PLTP in LPS elimination and the relevance of RLT in human. PLTP activity, and not cholesterol rich lipoproteins pool size seemed to be the limiting factor for RLT. PLTP activity was not directly related to post-operative inflammation and adverse events, suggesting that LPS clearance is not the main driver of inflammation in our patients. However, HDLc was associated with lower inflammation and was associated with favorable outcomes, suggesting that HDL beneficial anti-inflammatory effects could be, at least in part independent of LPS clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Nguyen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France.,University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France.,INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France.,FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France
| | - Thomas Gautier
- University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France.,INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France.,FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France
| | - Guillaume Reocreux
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | | | | | - Pierre-Alain Bahr
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France.,INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
| | | | - Jacques Grober
- University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France.,INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France.,FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France.,AgroSup, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
| | - David Masson
- University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France.,INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France.,FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France
| | - Belaid Bouhemad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France.,University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France.,INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France.,FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France
| | - Pierre-Grégoire Guinot
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France.,University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France.,INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France.,FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France
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30
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Deciphering Microbial Metal Toxicity Responses via Random Bar Code Transposon Site Sequencing and Activity-Based Metabolomics. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0103721. [PMID: 34432491 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01037-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To uncover metal toxicity targets and defense mechanisms of the facultative anaerobe Pantoea sp. strain MT58 (MT58), we used a multiomic strategy combining two global techniques, random bar code transposon site sequencing (RB-TnSeq) and activity-based metabolomics. MT58 is a metal-tolerant Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR) environmental isolate that was enriched in the presence of metals at concentrations measured in contaminated groundwater at an ORR nuclear waste site. The effects of three chemically different metals found at elevated concentrations in the ORR contaminated environment were investigated: the cation Al3+, the oxyanion CrO42-, and the oxycation UO22+. Both global techniques were applied using all three metals under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions to elucidate metal interactions mediated through the activity of metabolites and key genes/proteins. These revealed that Al3+ binds intracellular arginine, CrO42- enters the cell through sulfate transporters and oxidizes intracellular reduced thiols, and membrane-bound lipopolysaccharides protect the cell from UO22+ toxicity. In addition, the Tol outer membrane system contributed to the protection of cellular integrity from the toxic effects of all three metals. Likewise, we found evidence of regulation of lipid content in membranes under metal stress. Individually, RB-TnSeq and metabolomics are powerful tools to explore the impact various stresses have on biological systems. Here, we show that together they can be used synergistically to identify the molecular actors and mechanisms of these pertubations to an organism, furthering our understanding of how living systems interact with their environment. IMPORTANCE Studying microbial interactions with their environment can lead to a deeper understanding of biological molecular mechanisms. In this study, two global techniques, RB-TnSeq and activity metabolomics, were successfully used to probe the interactions between a metal-resistant microorganism, Pantoea sp. strain MT58, and metals contaminating a site where the organism can be located. A number of novel metal-microbe interactions were uncovered, including Al3+ toxicity targeting arginine synthesis, which could lead to a deeper understanding of the impact Al3+ contamination has on microbial communities as well as its impact on higher-level organisms, including plants for whom Al3+ contamination is an issue. Using multiomic approaches like the one described here is a way to further our understanding of microbial interactions and their impacts on the environment overall.
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31
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Teixeira PC, Dorneles GP, Santana Filho PC, da Silva IM, Schipper LL, Postiga IAL, Neves CAM, Rodrigues Junior LC, Peres A, Souto JTD, Fonseca SG, Eller S, Oliveira TF, Rotta LN, Thompson CE, Romão PRT. Increased LPS levels coexist with systemic inflammation and result in monocyte activation in severe COVID-19 patients. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 100:108125. [PMID: 34543980 PMCID: PMC8426217 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal barrier alterations may play a role in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including COVID-19. In this study we evaluate the association between bacterial translocation markers and systemic inflammation at the earliest time-point after hospitalization and at the last 72 h of hospitalization in survivors and non-survivors COVID-19 patients. Sixty-six SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive patients and nine non-COVID-19 pneumonia controls were admitted in this study. Blood samples were collected at hospital admission (T1) (Controls and COVID-19 patients) and 0-72 h before hospital discharge (T2, alive or dead) to analyze systemic cytokines and chemokines, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentrations and soluble CD14 (sCD14) levels. THP-1 human monocytic cell line was incubated with plasma from survivors and non-survivors COVID-19 patients and their phenotype, activation status, TLR4, and chemokine receptors were analyzed by flow cytometry. COVID-19 patients presented higher IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α, TGF-β1, CCL2/MCP-1, CCL4/MIP-1β, and CCL5/RANTES levels than controls. Moreover, LPS and sCD14 were higher at hospital admission in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. Non-survivors COVID-19 patients had increased LPS levels concomitant with higher IL-6, TNF-α, CCL2/MCP-1, and CCL5/RANTES levels at T2. Increased expression of CD16 and CCR5 were identified in THP-1 cells incubated with the plasma of survivor patients obtained at T2. The incubation of THP-1 with T2 plasma of non-survivors COVID-19 leads to higher TLR4, CCR2, CCR5, CCR7, and CD69 expression. In conclusion, the coexistence of increased microbial translocation and hyperinflammation in patients with severe COVID-19 may lead to higher monocyte activation, which may be associated with worsening outcomes, such as death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula C Teixeira
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gilson P Dorneles
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Paulo C Santana Filho
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Igor M da Silva
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lucas L Schipper
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Isabelle A L Postiga
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carla Andretta Moreira Neves
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Alessandra Peres
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Janeusa Trindade de Souto
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Sarah Eller
- Pharmacosciences Department, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tiago F Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Pharmacosciences Department, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Liane N Rotta
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Claudia Elizabeth Thompson
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Pharmacosciences Department, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Pedro R T Romão
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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32
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André P, Pais de Barros JP, Mj Merle B, Samieri C, Helmer C, Delcourt C, Féart C. Mediterranean diet and prudent diet are both associated with low circulating esterified 3-hydroxy fatty acids, a proxy of LPS burden, among older adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:1080-1091. [PMID: 34036325 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND LPS-type endotoxins, naturally found in the gut microbiota, are recognized as triggers of inflammation and emerge as detrimental factors of healthy aging. Nutrition represents a promising strategy to reduce LPS burden, yet little is known about the relation of diet to circulating LPS concentrations. OBJECTIVE The aim was to evaluate the associations between food groups, dietary patterns, and circulating 3-hydroxy fatty acids (3-OH FAs), a proxy of LPS burden. METHODS In a cross-sectional study of 698 French older community-dwelling individuals, 3-OH FA concentrations were measured by LC-tandem MS. Dietary patterns were determined using food-frequency questionnaires. Adherence to a Mediterranean-type diet was computed according to the consumption of 8 food groups (fruits, vegetables, legumes, cereals, fish, olive oil, meat, and dairy products) and alcohol intake (range: 0, low adherence, to 18, high adherence). Three a posteriori dietary patterns were derived from factor analysis: complex carbohydrate (rich in rice, pasta, eggs, poultry, and potatoes), traditional (rich in alcohol, meat, processed meats-cold cuts, and legumes), and prudent (rich in vegetables and fruits and low in cookies) diets. Linear regression models were applied. RESULTS The frequency of consumption of each food group was not associated with 3-OH FA concentrations. Greater adherence to both the Mediterranean diet and the prudent diet were associated with lower circulating 3-OH FAs (β [95% CI] for each additional point of score: -0.12 [-0.22, -0.01] and -0.27 [-0.48, -0.07], respectively). In contrast, greater adherence to the traditional diet was associated with higher concentration of 3-OH FAs (β [95% CI] 0.22 [0.001, 0.46]). The adherence to the complex-carbohydrate diet was not associated with 3-OH FA concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Based on 2 complementary approaches, the identified plant-based dietary patterns were associated with lower 3-OH FA concentrations, and thus a lower LPS burden, which is considered a potent trigger of inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrine André
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Bordeaux Population Health, U1219, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Bénédicte Mj Merle
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Bordeaux Population Health, U1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cécilia Samieri
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Bordeaux Population Health, U1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Catherine Helmer
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Bordeaux Population Health, U1219, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, Clinical Investigation Center-Clinical Epidemiology 1401, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cécile Delcourt
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Bordeaux Population Health, U1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Catherine Féart
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Bordeaux Population Health, U1219, Bordeaux, France
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33
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Endotoxin Removal in Septic Shock with the Alteco LPS Adsorber Was Safe But Showed no Benefit Compared to Placebo in the Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial-the Asset Study. Shock 2021; 54:224-231. [PMID: 31880758 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are presumed to contribute to the inflammatory response in sepsis. We investigated if extracorporeal Alteco LPS Adsorber for LPS removal in early gram-negative septic shock was feasible and safe. Also, effects on endotoxin level, inflammatory response, and organ function were assessed. METHODS A pilot, double-blinded, randomized, Phase IIa, feasibility clinical investigation was undertaken in six Scandinavian intensive care units aiming to allocate 32 septic shock patients with abdominal or urogenital focus on LPS Adsorber therapy or a Sham Adsorber, therapy without active LPS binding. The study treatment was initiated within 12 h of inclusion and given for 6 h daily on first 2 days. LPS was measured in all patients. RESULTS The investigation was terminated after 527 days with eight patients included in the LPS Adsorber group and seven in the Sham group. Twenty-one adverse effects, judged not to be related to the device, were reported in three patients in the LPS Adsorber group and two in the Sham group. Two patients in the Sham group and no patients in the LPS Adsorber group died within 28 days. Plasma LPS levels were low without groups differences during or after adsorber therapy. The changes in inflammatory markers and organ function were similar in the groups. CONCLUSIONS In a small cohort of patients with presumed gram-negative septic shock, levels of circulating endotoxin were low and no adverse effects within 28 days after LPS adsorber-treatment were observed. No benefit compared with a sham device was seen when using a LPS adsorber in addition to standard care. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02335723. Registered: November 28, 2014.
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Vlasov AA, Salikova SP, Golovkin NV, Grinevich VB. Intestinal Microbial-tissue Complex and Chronic Heart Failure (part 1): Pathogenesis. RATIONAL PHARMACOTHERAPY IN CARDIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.20996/1819-6446-2021-06-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigenic and metabolic integration of the intestinal microbiota into the homeostasis of the human body is a factor that claims to play a key role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. It acquires special significance against the background of the decrease in blood circulation and congestion in the digestive system during chronic heart failure. Aim of the review is analysis and synthesis of studies results on the role of intestinal microbiocenosis in the pathogenesis of heart remodeling and chronic heart failure. The search for articles was conducted in databases eLIBRARY.RU and Medline for the key terms "gut microbiota (microbiome, microbiocenosis)", "dysbiosis (dysbacteriosis)", "excessive bacterial growth syndrome", "lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin)", "trimethylamine-N-oxide" in combination with the terms "heart failure", "myocardial remodeling", "myocardium" in Russian and English, respectively. We selected articles containing the results of clinical and experimental studies published from 1995 to 2020. Review articles were considered only on the subject of the cited original publications. Most researchers have established the relationship between chronic heart failure and dysfunction and changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of intestinal microbiocenosis. As negative changes, it is customary to note the proliferation of gram-negative opportunistic bacteria with concomitant endotoxinemia and a decrease in the pool of commensal microbiota. The available data suggest that the participation of the intestinal microbial-tissue complex in the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure and heart remodeling is realized through the activation of a local and then systemic inflammatory response, accompanied by cardiodepressive action of pro-inflammatory cytokines and universal proliferation factors, an imbalance of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors, the initiation of apoptosis, fibrosis, and loss of contractile myocardium. Besides, a decrease in the production of short-chain and polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamins by the commensal microbiota may be associated with changes in the electrical properties of cardiomyocyte membranes, a decrease in the systolic function of the left ventricle of the heart, and an increase in the risk of sudden cardiac death. It's also shown that the direct cardiotoxic effect of microbial molecules (lipopolysaccharides, peptidoglycans, trimethylamine-N-oxide, etc.), which interact with the receptors of cardiomyocytes and microenvironment cells, can cause the development of myocardial remodeling and its dysfunction. Recent studies have established mechanisms of myocardial remodeling mediated by microbial molecules, which may be associated with new strategies for the treatment and prevention of heart failure.
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Hannon G, Prina-Mello A. Endotoxin contamination of engineered nanomaterials: Overcoming the hurdles associated with endotoxin testing. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 13:e1738. [PMID: 34254460 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are highly susceptible to endotoxin contamination due their large surface-to-volume ratios and endotoxins propensity to associate readily to hydrophobic and cationic surfaces. Additionally, the stability of endotoxin ensures it cannot be removed efficiently through conventional sterilization techniques such as autoclaving and ionizing radiation. In recent times, the true significance of this hurdle has come to light with multiple reports from the United States Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, in particular, along with our own experiences of endotoxin testing from multiple Horizon 2020-funded projects which highlight the importance of this issue for the clinical translation of nanomaterials. Herein, we provide an overview on the topic of endotoxin contamination of nanomaterials intended for biomedical applications. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Regulatory and Policy Issues in Nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Hannon
- Nanomedicine and Molecular Imaging Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin, Ireland.,Laboratory of Biological Characterization of Advanced Materials (LBCAM), Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adriele Prina-Mello
- Nanomedicine and Molecular Imaging Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin, Ireland.,Laboratory of Biological Characterization of Advanced Materials (LBCAM), Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, CRANN institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Adda-Rezig H, Carron C, Pais de Barros JP, Choubley H, Charron É, Rérole AL, Laheurte C, Louvat P, Gaiffe É, Simula-Faivre D, Deckert V, Lagrost L, Saas P, Ducloux D, Bamoulid J. New Insights on End-Stage Renal Disease and Healthy Individual Gut Bacterial Translocation: Different Carbon Composition of Lipopolysaccharides and Different Impact on Monocyte Inflammatory Response. Front Immunol 2021; 12:658404. [PMID: 34163471 PMCID: PMC8215383 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.658404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease induces disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier, leading to gut bacterial translocation. Here, we appreciated bacterial translocation by analyzing circulating lipopolysaccharides (LPS) using two methods, one measuring only active free LPS, and the other quantifying total LPS as well as LPS lipid A carbon chain length. This was done in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients and healthy volunteers (HV). We observed both higher LPS concentration in healthy volunteers and significant differences in composition of translocated LPS based on lipid A carbon chain length. Lower LPS activity to mass ratio and higher concentration of high-density lipoproteins were found in HV, suggesting a better plasma capacity to neutralize LPS activity. Higher serum concentrations of soluble CD14 and pro-inflammatory cytokines in ESRD patients confirmed this hypothesis. To further explore whether chronic inflammation in ESRD patients could be more related to LPS composition rather than its quantity, we tested the effect of HV and patient sera on cytokine secretion in monocyte cultures. Sera with predominance of 14-carbon chain lipid A-LPS induced higher secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines than those with predominance of 18-carbon chain lipid A-LPS. TLR4 or LPS antagonists decreased LPS-induced cytokine production by monocytes, demonstrating an LPS-specific effect. Thereby, septic inflammation observed in ESRD patients may be not related to higher bacterial translocation, but to reduced LPS neutralization capacity and differences in translocated LPS subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanane Adda-Rezig
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Hôte Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire INCREASE, LabEx LipSTIC, Besançon, France
| | - Clémence Carron
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Hôte Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire INCREASE, LabEx LipSTIC, Besançon, France
| | | | - Hélène Choubley
- INSERM, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, LabEx LipSTIC, Dijon, France
| | - Émilie Charron
- INSERM, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, LabEx LipSTIC, Dijon, France
| | - Anne-Laure Rérole
- INSERM, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, LabEx LipSTIC, Dijon, France
| | - Caroline Laheurte
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Hôte Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire INCREASE, LabEx LipSTIC, Besançon, France.,EFS Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Plateforme de BioMonitoring, Besançon, France
| | - Pascale Louvat
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Hôte Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire INCREASE, LabEx LipSTIC, Besançon, France.,EFS Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Plateforme de BioMonitoring, Besançon, France
| | - Émilie Gaiffe
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Hôte Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire INCREASE, LabEx LipSTIC, Besançon, France.,INSERM CIC1431, University Hospital of Besançon, Clinical Investigation Center in Biotherapy, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire INCREASE, LabEx LipSTIC, Besançon, France
| | - Dominique Simula-Faivre
- University Hospital of Besançon, Department of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Renal Transplantation, Besançon, France
| | - Valérie Deckert
- INSERM, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, LabEx LipSTIC, Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Lagrost
- INSERM, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, LabEx LipSTIC, Dijon, France
| | - Philippe Saas
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Hôte Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire INCREASE, LabEx LipSTIC, Besançon, France.,EFS Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Plateforme de BioMonitoring, Besançon, France.,INSERM CIC1431, University Hospital of Besançon, Clinical Investigation Center in Biotherapy, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire INCREASE, LabEx LipSTIC, Besançon, France
| | - Didier Ducloux
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Hôte Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire INCREASE, LabEx LipSTIC, Besançon, France.,INSERM CIC1431, University Hospital of Besançon, Clinical Investigation Center in Biotherapy, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire INCREASE, LabEx LipSTIC, Besançon, France.,University Hospital of Besançon, Department of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Renal Transplantation, Besançon, France
| | - Jamal Bamoulid
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Hôte Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire INCREASE, LabEx LipSTIC, Besançon, France.,University Hospital of Besançon, Department of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Renal Transplantation, Besançon, France
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Nguyen M, Pallot G, Jalil A, Tavernier A, Dusuel A, Le Guern N, Lagrost L, Pais de Barros JP, Choubley H, Bergas V, Guinot PG, Masson D, Bouhemad B, Gautier T. Intra-Abdominal Lipopolysaccharide Clearance and Inactivation in Peritonitis: Key Roles for Lipoproteins and the Phospholipid Transfer Protein. Front Immunol 2021; 12:622935. [PMID: 34054798 PMCID: PMC8149805 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.622935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction During peritonitis, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) cross the peritoneum and pass through the liver before reaching the central compartment. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of lipoproteins and phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) in the early stages of LPS detoxification. Material and Methods Peritonitis was induced by intra-peritoneal injection of LPS in mice. We analyzed peritoneal fluid, portal and central blood. Lipoprotein fractions were obtained by ultracentrifugation and fast protein liquid chromatography. LPS concentration and activity were measured by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and limulus amoebocyte lysate. Wild-type mice were compared to mice knocked out for PLTP. Results In mice expressing PLTP, LPS was able to bind to HDL in the peritoneal compartment, and this was maintained in plasma from portal and central blood. A hepatic first-pass effect of HDL-bound LPS was observed in wild-type mice. LPS binding to HDL resulted in an early arrival of inactive LPS in the central blood of wild-type mice. Conclusion PLTP promotes LPS peritoneal clearance and neutralization in a model of peritonitis. This mechanism involves the early binding of LPS to lipoproteins inside the peritoneal cavity, which promotes LPS translocation through the peritoneum and its uptake by the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Nguyen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté / Agrosup, Lipids Nutrition Cancer (LNC) UMR1231, Dijon, France
- INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
- FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France
| | - Gaëtan Pallot
- INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
- FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France
| | - Antoine Jalil
- INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
- FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France
| | - Annabelle Tavernier
- INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
- FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France
| | - Aloïs Dusuel
- INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
- FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France
| | - Naig Le Guern
- INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
- FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Lagrost
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté / Agrosup, Lipids Nutrition Cancer (LNC) UMR1231, Dijon, France
- INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
- FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Paul Pais de Barros
- INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
- Lipidomic Analytical Platform, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), Dijon, France
| | - Hélène Choubley
- INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
- Lipidomic Analytical Platform, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), Dijon, France
| | - Victoria Bergas
- INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
- Lipidomic Analytical Platform, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), Dijon, France
| | - Pierre-Grégoire Guinot
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté / Agrosup, Lipids Nutrition Cancer (LNC) UMR1231, Dijon, France
- INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
- FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France
| | - David Masson
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté / Agrosup, Lipids Nutrition Cancer (LNC) UMR1231, Dijon, France
- INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
- FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, François Mitterrand University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Belaid Bouhemad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté / Agrosup, Lipids Nutrition Cancer (LNC) UMR1231, Dijon, France
- INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
- FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France
| | - Thomas Gautier
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté / Agrosup, Lipids Nutrition Cancer (LNC) UMR1231, Dijon, France
- INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
- FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France
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Dias AMM, Douhard R, Hermetet F, Regimbeau M, Lopez TE, Gonzalez D, Masson S, Marcion G, Chaumonnot K, Uyanik B, Causse SZ, Rieu A, Hadi T, Basset C, Chluba J, Grober J, Guzzo J, Neiers F, Ortega-Deballon P, Demidov ON, Lirussi F, Garrido C. Lactobacillus stress protein GroEL prevents colonic inflammation. J Gastroenterol 2021; 56:442-455. [PMID: 33782752 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-021-01774-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously showed that supernatants of Lactobacillus biofilms induced an anti-inflammatory response by affecting the secretion of macrophage-derived cytokines, which was abrogated upon immunodepletion of the stress protein GroEL. METHODS We purified GroEL from L. reuteri and analysed its anti-inflammatory properties in vitro in human macrophages isolated from buffy coats, ex vivo in explants from human biopsies and in vivo in a mouse model of DSS induced intestinal inflammation. As a control, we used GroEL purified (LPS-free) from E. coli. RESULTS We found that L. reuteri GroEL (but not E. coli GroEL) inhibited pro-inflammatory M1-like macrophages markers, and favored M2-like markers. Consequently, L. reuteri GroEL inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β, IFNγ) while favouring an anti-inflammatory secretome. In colon tissues from human biopsies, L. reuteri GroEL was also able to decrease markers of inflammation and apoptosis (caspase 3) induced by LPS. In mice, we found that rectal administration of L. reuteri GroEL (but not E. coli GroEL) inhibited all signs of haemorrhagic colitis induced by DSS including intestinal mucosa degradation, rectal bleeding and weight loss. It also decreased intestinal production of inflammatory cytokines (such as IFNγ) while increasing anti-inflammatory IL-10 and IL-13. These effects were suppressed when animals were immunodepleted in macrophages. From a mechanistic point of view, the effect of L. reuteri GroEL seemed to involve TLR4, since it was lost in TRL4-/- mice, and the activation of a non-canonical TLR4 pathway. CONCLUSIONS L. reuteri GroEL, by affecting macrophage inflammatory features, deserves to be explored as an alternative to probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre M M Dias
- INSERM, UMR 1231, Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC and « Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer », 7 boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079, Dijon, France
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Romain Douhard
- INSERM, UMR 1231, Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC and « Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer », 7 boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079, Dijon, France
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - François Hermetet
- INSERM, UMR 1231, Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC and « Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer », 7 boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079, Dijon, France
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Mathilde Regimbeau
- INSERM, UMR 1231, Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC and « Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer », 7 boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079, Dijon, France
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Tatiana E Lopez
- INSERM, UMR 1231, Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC and « Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer », 7 boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079, Dijon, France
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Daniel Gonzalez
- INSERM, UMR 1231, Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC and « Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer », 7 boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079, Dijon, France
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Sophie Masson
- INSERM, UMR 1231, Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC and « Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer », 7 boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079, Dijon, France
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Guillaume Marcion
- INSERM, UMR 1231, Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC and « Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer », 7 boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079, Dijon, France
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Killian Chaumonnot
- INSERM, UMR 1231, Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC and « Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer », 7 boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079, Dijon, France
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Burhan Uyanik
- INSERM, UMR 1231, Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC and « Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer », 7 boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079, Dijon, France
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Sébastien Z Causse
- INSERM, UMR 1231, Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC and « Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer », 7 boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079, Dijon, France
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | | | - Tarik Hadi
- INSERM, UMR 1231, Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC and « Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer », 7 boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079, Dijon, France
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Christelle Basset
- INSERM, UMR 1231, Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC and « Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer », 7 boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079, Dijon, France
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Johanna Chluba
- INSERM, UMR 1231, Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC and « Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer », 7 boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079, Dijon, France
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Jacques Grober
- INSERM, UMR 1231, Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC and « Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer », 7 boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079, Dijon, France
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | | | - Fabrice Neiers
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, INRA, CNRS, Dijon, France
| | - Pablo Ortega-Deballon
- INSERM, UMR 1231, Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC and « Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer », 7 boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079, Dijon, France
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France
| | - Oleg N Demidov
- INSERM, UMR 1231, Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC and « Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer », 7 boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079, Dijon, France
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Institute of Cytology, RAS, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Frédéric Lirussi
- INSERM, UMR 1231, Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC and « Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer », 7 boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079, Dijon, France
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France
| | - Carmen Garrido
- INSERM, UMR 1231, Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC and « Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer », 7 boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079, Dijon, France.
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.
- Anticancer Centre Georges-François Leclerc (CGFL), Dijon, France.
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Bernard A, Le May C, Dastugue A, Ayer A, Blanchard C, Martin JC, Pais de Barros JP, Delaby P, Le Bourgot C, Ledoux S, Besnard P. The Tryptophan/Kynurenine Pathway: A Novel Cross-Talk between Nutritional Obesity, Bariatric Surgery and Taste of Fat. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041366. [PMID: 33921805 PMCID: PMC8073116 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity (DIO) reduces the orosensory perception of lipids in rodents and in some humans. Although bariatric surgery partially corrects this alteration, underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. To explore whether metabolic changes might explain this fat taste disturbance, plasma metabolome analyses, two-bottle choice tests and fungiform papillae (Fun) counting were performed in vertical sleeve gastrectomized (VSG) mice and sham-operated controls. An exploratory clinic study was also carried out in adult patients undergone a VSG. In mice, we found that (i) the VSG reduces both the plasma neurotoxic signature due to the tryptophan/kynurenine (Trp/Kyn) pathway overactivation and the failure of fat preference found in sham-operated DIO mice, (ii) the activity of Trp/Kyn pathway is negatively correlated to the density of Fun, and (iii) the pharmacological inhibition of the Kyn synthesis mimics in non-operated DIO mice the positive effects of VSG (i.e., decrease of Kyn synthesis, increase of Fun number, improvement of the fat taste perception). In humans, a reduction of the plasma Kyn level is only found in patients displaying a post-surgery improvement of their fat taste sensitivity. Altogether these data provide a plausible metabolic explanation to the degradation of the orosensory lipid perception observed in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Bernard
- UMR 1231 Lipides/Nutrition/Cancer INSERM/Univ Bourgogne-Franche-Comté/AgroSupDijon, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.B.); (A.D.); (J.-P.P.d.B.)
| | - Cédric Le May
- UMR 1087 INSERM/6291 CNRS Université de Nantes, l’Institut du Thorax, 44000 Nantes, France; (C.L.M.); (A.A.); (C.B.)
| | - Aurélie Dastugue
- UMR 1231 Lipides/Nutrition/Cancer INSERM/Univ Bourgogne-Franche-Comté/AgroSupDijon, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.B.); (A.D.); (J.-P.P.d.B.)
| | - Audrey Ayer
- UMR 1087 INSERM/6291 CNRS Université de Nantes, l’Institut du Thorax, 44000 Nantes, France; (C.L.M.); (A.A.); (C.B.)
| | - Claire Blanchard
- UMR 1087 INSERM/6291 CNRS Université de Nantes, l’Institut du Thorax, 44000 Nantes, France; (C.L.M.); (A.A.); (C.B.)
| | | | - Jean-Paul Pais de Barros
- UMR 1231 Lipides/Nutrition/Cancer INSERM/Univ Bourgogne-Franche-Comté/AgroSupDijon, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.B.); (A.D.); (J.-P.P.d.B.)
| | | | | | - Séverine Ledoux
- Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpital Louis Mourier (APHP), Colombes and Université de Paris, 92700 Nanterre, France;
- Fonctions Gastro-Intestinales, Métaboliques et Physiopathologies Nutritionnelles INSERM UMR1149, CEDEX 18, 75890 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Besnard
- UMR 1231 Lipides/Nutrition/Cancer INSERM/Univ Bourgogne-Franche-Comté/AgroSupDijon, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.B.); (A.D.); (J.-P.P.d.B.)
- Physiologie de la Nutrition, AgroSup Dijon, 26 Bd Dr Petitjean, 21000 Dijon, France
- Correspondence:
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Murtaza B, Hichami A, Khan AS, Plesnik J, Sery O, Dietrich A, Birnbaumer L, Khan NA. Implication of TRPC3 channel in gustatory perception of dietary lipids. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13554. [PMID: 32882106 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM The pathogenesis of obesity has been associated with high intake of dietary fat, and some recent studies have explored the cellular mechanisms of oro-sensory detection of dietary fatty acids. We further assessed the role of transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels in oro-sensory perception of dietary lipids. METHODS We determined by RT-qPCR and western blotting the expression of TRPC3/6/7 channels in mouse fungiform taste bud cells (mTBC). Immunocytochemistry was used to explore whether TRPC3 channels were co-expressed with fatty acid receptors. We employed wild-type (WT) mTBC, and those transfected with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) against TRPC3 or STIM1. Ca2+ signalling was studied in TBC from TRPC3-/- mice and their WT littermates. RESULTS We demonstrate that mouse fungiform taste bud cells (mTBC) express TRPC3, but not TRPC6 or TRPC7 channels, and their inactivation by siRNA or experiments on TBC from TRPC3-/- mice brought about a decrease in fatty acid-induced gustatory Ca2+ signalling, coupled with taste bud CD36 lipid sensor. TRPC3 channel activation was found to be under the control of STIM1 in lingual mTBC. Behavioural studies showed that spontaneous preference for a dietary long-chain fatty acid was abolished in TRPC3-/- mice, and in mice wherein lingual TRPC3 expression was silenced by employing siRNA. CONCLUSION We report that lingual TRPC3 channels are critically involved in fat taste perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babar Murtaza
- U1231 INSERM/UB/AgroSup Physiologie de la Nutrition & Toxicologie Université de Bourgogne‐Franche Comté (UBFC) Dijon France
| | - Aziz Hichami
- U1231 INSERM/UB/AgroSup Physiologie de la Nutrition & Toxicologie Université de Bourgogne‐Franche Comté (UBFC) Dijon France
| | - Amira S. Khan
- U1231 INSERM/UB/AgroSup Physiologie de la Nutrition & Toxicologie Université de Bourgogne‐Franche Comté (UBFC) Dijon France
| | - Jiri Plesnik
- U1231 INSERM/UB/AgroSup Physiologie de la Nutrition & Toxicologie Université de Bourgogne‐Franche Comté (UBFC) Dijon France
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Molecular Psychiatry Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
| | - Omar Sery
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Molecular Psychiatry Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Pathological Physiology Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Brno Czech Republic
| | - Alexander Dietrich
- Walther‐Straub‐Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Lutz Birnbaumer
- Neurobiology Laboratory National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Research Triangle Park NC USA
- Institute of Biomedical Research (BIOMED) Catholic University of Argentina Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Naim A. Khan
- U1231 INSERM/UB/AgroSup Physiologie de la Nutrition & Toxicologie Université de Bourgogne‐Franche Comté (UBFC) Dijon France
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Dusuel A, Deckert V, Pais de Barros JP, van Dongen K, Choubley H, Charron É, Le Guern N, Labbé J, Mandard S, Grober J, Lagrost L, Gautier T. Human cholesteryl ester transfer protein lacks lipopolysaccharide transfer activity, but worsens inflammation and sepsis outcomes in mice. J Lipid Res 2020; 62:100011. [PMID: 33500240 PMCID: PMC7859855 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra120000704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPSs or endotoxins) can bind most proteins of the lipid transfer/LPS-binding protein (LT/LBP) family in host organisms. The LPS-bound LT/LBP proteins then trigger either an LPS-induced proinflammatory cascade or LPS binding to lipoproteins that are involved in endotoxin inactivation and detoxification. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) is an LT/LBP member, but its impact on LPS metabolism and sepsis outcome is unclear. Here, we performed fluorescent LPS transfer assays to assess the ability of CETP to bind and transfer LPS. The effects of intravenous (iv) infusion of purified LPS or polymicrobial infection (cecal ligation and puncture [CLP]) were compared in transgenic mice expressing human CETP and wild-type mice naturally having no CETP activity. CETP displayed no LPS transfer activity in vitro, but it tended to reduce biliary excretion of LPS in vivo. The CETP expression in mice was associated with significantly lower basal plasma lipid levels and with higher mortality rates in both models of endotoxemia and sepsis. Furthermore, CETPTg plasma modified cytokine production of macrophages in vitro. In conclusion, despite having no direct LPS binding and transfer property, human CETP worsens sepsis outcomes in mice by altering the protective effects of plasma lipoproteins against endotoxemia, inflammation, and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aloïs Dusuel
- INSERM/University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté LNC UMR1231 and LipSTIC LabEx, UFR Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France
| | - Valérie Deckert
- INSERM/University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté LNC UMR1231 and LipSTIC LabEx, UFR Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Paul Pais de Barros
- INSERM/University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté LNC UMR1231 and LipSTIC LabEx, UFR Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France
| | - Kevin van Dongen
- INSERM/University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté LNC UMR1231 and LipSTIC LabEx, UFR Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France
| | - Hélène Choubley
- INSERM/University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté LNC UMR1231 and LipSTIC LabEx, UFR Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France
| | - Émilie Charron
- INSERM/University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté LNC UMR1231 and LipSTIC LabEx, UFR Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France
| | - Naig Le Guern
- INSERM/University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté LNC UMR1231 and LipSTIC LabEx, UFR Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France
| | - Jérôme Labbé
- INSERM/University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté LNC UMR1231 and LipSTIC LabEx, UFR Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France
| | - Stéphane Mandard
- INSERM/University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté LNC UMR1231 and LipSTIC LabEx, UFR Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France
| | - Jacques Grober
- INSERM/University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté LNC UMR1231 and LipSTIC LabEx, UFR Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Lagrost
- INSERM/University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté LNC UMR1231 and LipSTIC LabEx, UFR Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France; University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Thomas Gautier
- INSERM/University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté LNC UMR1231 and LipSTIC LabEx, UFR Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France.
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Hassan HM, Fadel MA, Soliman MA. Evaluation of a modified method of extraction, purification, and characterization of lipopolysaccharide (O antigen) from Salmonella Typhimurium. Vet World 2020; 13:2338-2345. [PMID: 33363324 PMCID: PMC7750214 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.2338-2345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an integral part of the outer cell membrane complex of Gram-negative bacteria. It plays an important role in the induction and stimulation of the immune system. Various LPS purification protocols have been developed. However, analysis of their efficacy is limited by contamination during downstream applications or the public health hazard of LPS. The aim of this study was to evaluate a modified method for extracting LPS as well as assess the purity of the extracted LPS by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Further, we evaluated its immunopotentiating function by measuring the relative RNA expression levels of splenic immune-related genes such as interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), after intramuscular injection of increasing concentrations of the extracted LPS in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chick. Materials and Methods: Isolation, identification, and serotyping of Salmonella Typhimurium were performed using chicken flocks. We then performed molecular typing of Salmonella isolates using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A new protocol for purification of LPS from Salmonella isolate (S. Typhimurium) was conducted. HPLC analysis of the extracted LPS in the current study was compared to existing methods. An in vivo study was performed to evaluate the ability of LPS to induce an immune response by measuring relative IFN-γ and IL-1β gene expression after injecting increasing concentrations of the extracted LPS into SPF chicks. Results: Isolation and serotyping revealed that Salmonella enterica was of the serovar Typhimurium. Confirmation was conducted by molecular typing through conventional PCR. Fractionation of the LPS extract by HPLC revealed a high degree of purity comparable with standard commercial LPS. These results demonstrate the high purity of extracted LPS based on our modified method using propanol and sodium hydroxide mixture. Intramuscular injection of the extracted LPS in 22 day-old SPF chicks, compared to the negative control, revealed significant upregulation of IFN-γ and slight downregulation of IL-1β. Conclusion: The new modified method can be used for high purity LPS extraction and demonstrates effective immunopotentiating activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba M Hassan
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center ARC, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mai A Fadel
- Pharmacology and Pyrogen Unit, Department of Chemistry, Toxicology and Food Deficiency, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Soliman
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center ARC, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Dargent A, Pais de Barros JP, Saheb S, Bittar R, Le Goff W, Carrié A, Gautier T, Fournel I, Rerole AL, Choubley H, Masson D, Lagrost L, Quenot JP. LDL apheresis as an alternate method for plasma LPS purification in healthy volunteers and dyslipidemic and septic patients. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:1776-1783. [PMID: 33037132 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra120001132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a key player for innate immunity activation. It is therefore a prime target for sepsis treatment, as antibiotics are not sufficient to improve outcome during septic shock. An extracorporeal removal method by polymyxin (PMX) B direct hemoperfusion (PMX-DHP) is used in Japan, but recent trials failed to show a significant lowering of circulating LPS levels after PMX-DHP therapy. PMX-DHP has a direct effect on LPS molecules. However, LPS is not present in a free form in the circulation, as it is mainly carried by lipoproteins, including LDLs. Lipoproteins are critical for physiological LPS clearance, as LPSs are carried by LDLs to the liver for elimination. We hypothesized that LDL apheresis could be an alternate method for LPS removal. First, we demonstrated in vitro that LDL apheresis microbeads are almost as efficient as PMX beads to reduce LPS concentration in LPS-spiked human plasma, whereas it is not active in PBS. We found that PMX was also adsorbing lipoproteins, although less specifically. Then, we found that endogenous LPS of patients treated by LDL apheresis for familial hypercholesterolemia is also removed during their LDL apheresis sessions, with both electrostatic-based devices and filtration devices. Finally, LPS circulating in the plasma of septic shock and severe sepsis patients with gram-negative bacteremia was also removed in vitro by LDL adsorption. Overall, these results underline the importance of lipoproteins for LPS clearance, making them a prime target to study and treat endotoxemia-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auguste Dargent
- Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France; Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC, Dijon, France; INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France; FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France.
| | - Jean-Paul Pais de Barros
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC, Dijon, France; INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France; FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France
| | - Samir Saheb
- Service d'endocrinologie et d'aphérèse, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Randa Bittar
- Service de Biochimie métabolique, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Wilfried Le Goff
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris, France
| | - Alain Carrié
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris, France; Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière/Charles-Foix, Department of Biochemistry for Endocrinology and Oncology, Obesity and Dyslipidemia Genetics Unit, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Gautier
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC, Dijon, France; INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France; FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France
| | - Isabelle Fournel
- INSERM, CIC 1432, Module Epidémiologie Clinique, Dijon, France; CHU Dijon-Bourgogne, Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Module Epidémiologie Clinique/Essais Cliniques, Dijon, France
| | - Anne Laure Rerole
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC, Dijon, France; INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France; FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France
| | - Hélène Choubley
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC, Dijon, France; INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France; FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France
| | - David Masson
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC, Dijon, France; INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France; FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France; Service de Biochimie médicale, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Lagrost
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC, Dijon, France; INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France; FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France; Service de Biochimie médicale, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Quenot
- FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France; INSERM, CIC 1432, Module Epidémiologie Clinique, Dijon, France; CHU Dijon-Bourgogne, Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Module Epidémiologie Clinique/Essais Cliniques, Dijon, France; Médecine Intensive Réanimation, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
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Zarate MA, Wesolowski SR, Nguyen LM, De Dios RK, Wilkening RB, Rozance PJ, Wright CJ. In utero inflammatory challenge induces an early activation of the hepatic innate immune response in late gestation fetal sheep. Innate Immun 2020; 26:549-564. [PMID: 32538259 PMCID: PMC7556190 DOI: 10.1177/1753425920928388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chorioamnionitis is associated with inflammatory end-organ damage in the fetus. Tissues in direct contact with amniotic fluid drive a pro-inflammatory response and contribute to this injury. However, due to a lack of direct contact with the amniotic fluid, the liver contribution to this response has not been fully characterized. Given its role as an immunologic organ, we hypothesized that the fetal liver would demonstrate an early innate immune response to an in utero inflammatory challenge. Fetal sheep (131 ± 1 d gestation) demonstrated metabolic acidosis and high cortisol and norepinephrine values within 5 h of exposure to intra-amniotic LPS. Likewise, expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines increased significantly at 1 and 5 h of exposure. This was associated with NF-κB activation, by inhibitory protein IκBα degradation, and nuclear translocation of NF-κB subunits (p65/p50). Corroborating these findings, LPS exposure significantly increased pro-inflammatory innate immune gene expression in fetal sheep hepatic macrophages in vitro. Thus, an in utero inflammatory challenge induces an early hepatic innate immune response with systemic metabolic and stress responses. Within the fetal liver, hepatic macrophages respond robustly to LPS exposure. Our results demonstrate that the fetal hepatic innate immune response must be considered when developing therapeutic approaches to attenuate end-organ injury associated with in utero inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Zarate
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Stephanie R Wesolowski
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Leanna M Nguyen
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Robyn K De Dios
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Randall B Wilkening
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Paul J Rozance
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Clyde J Wright
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Endotoxin Translocation and Gut Inflammation Are Increased in Broiler Chickens Receiving an Oral Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Bolus during Heat Stress. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12100622. [PMID: 33003423 PMCID: PMC7601408 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12100622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), also termed endotoxins, are the major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. In general, endotoxins in the intestine are considered harmless in healthy animals. However, different stressors, such as heat stress, can lead to a compromised gut barrier, resulting in endotoxin translocation. Chickens are considered to be less sensitive to the effects of LPS compared with other species, for example, humans, pigs, or calves, probably because of the lack of the functional-specific TRAM-TRIF signalling pathway (MyD88-independent). Therefore, six LPS preparations (three different strains with two different preparation methods each) were compared in murine macrophages and characterized according to their MyD88-dependent pathway activation. All tested LPS preparations induced a strong inflammatory response after 4 and 24 h on a murine macrophage cell line. However, there was a similar strong response in the gene expression profile as well as production of nitrite oxide and TNF-alpha from LPS of different strains and preparation methods. On the basis of the results of the in vitro study, one LPS preparation was chosen for the subsequent in vivo study with broilers to assess the effect of an oral LPS bolus (E. coli O55:B5 phenol extracted; 2 mg/kg b.w.) during heat stress conditions (10 h, 36 °C). The most pronounced effects were seen in broilers receiving the oral LPS bolus during heat stress conditions. The endotoxin activity in the intestine as well as the serum concentration of the 3-OH C14 (part of LPS) were increased. In addition, an increased expression of genes related to inflammation and stress response (e.g., IL-6, IL-1beta, HSP70) was observed, whereas the expression of genes associated with gut health (e.g., MUC2, FABP2) was decreased. To conclude, an increase of intestinal LPS combined with heat stress can pose a risk to animal health.
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Nguyen M, Tavernier A, Gautier T, Aho S, Morgant MC, Bouhemad B, Guinot PG, Grober J. Glucagon-like peptide-1 is associated with poor clinical outcome, lipopolysaccharide translocation and inflammation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Cytokine 2020; 133:155182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Peek V, Neumann E, Inoue T, Koenig S, Pflieger FJ, Gerstberger R, Roth J, Matsumura K, Rummel C. Age-Dependent Changes of Adipokine and Cytokine Secretion From Rat Adipose Tissue by Endogenous and Exogenous Toll-Like Receptor Agonists. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1800. [PMID: 32973755 PMCID: PMC7466552 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue but recently also brown adipose tissue have emerged as endocrine organs. Age-associated obesity is accompanied by prolonged and elevated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sickness symptoms and increased cytokine and adipokine levels in the circulation partially originating from adipose tissue. In the present study, ex vivo fat explants were used to investigate how the exogenous pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) LPS or the endogenous danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1) and biglycan modulate the release of cytokines and adipokines/batokines and, thus, could influence systemic and/or local inflammation. The response of adipose tissue (epididymal, retroperitoneal, subcutaneous, and brown) was compared between young lean and old obese rats (2 vs. 24 months old). LPS induced a strong interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha release into the supernatant of all adipose tissue types investigated. HMGB1 (subcutaneous) and biglycan (retroperitoneal) led to an increased release of IL-6 and TNFalpha (HMGB1) and decreased visfatin and adiponectin (biglycan) secretion from epididymal adipose tissue (young rats). Visfatin was also decreased by HMGB1 in retroperitoneal adipose tissue of old rats. We found significantly higher leptin (all fat pads) and adiponectin (subcutaneous) levels in supernatants of adipose tissue from old compared to young rats, whereas visfatin secretion showed the opposite. The expression of the biglycan receptor Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 as well as the LPS and HMGB1 receptors TLR4 and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) were reduced with age (TLR4/RAGE) and by stimulation with their ligands (subcutaneous). Overall, we revealed that adipokines/adipose-tissue released cytokines show some modulation of their release caused by mediators of septic (batokines) and sterile inflammation with potential implication for acute and chronic disease. Moreover, aging may increase or decrease the release of fat-derived mediators. These data show that DAMPS and LPS locally modulate cytokine secretion while only DAMPS but not LPS can locally alter adipokine secretion during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Peek
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Elena Neumann
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Campus Kerckhoff, Justus Liebig University Gießen, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Tomohiro Inoue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sandy Koenig
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Fabian Johannes Pflieger
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Gerstberger
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Joachim Roth
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Joachim Roth and Christoph Rummel, Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kiyoshi Matsumura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka, Japan
| | - Christoph Rummel
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Joachim Roth and Christoph Rummel, Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Marburg, Germany
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48
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Li XX, Li YM, Lv XL, Wang XH, Liu S. The efficacy and safety of intrathecal dexmedetomidine for parturients undergoing cesarean section: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. BMC Anesthesiol 2020; 20:190. [PMID: 32746864 PMCID: PMC7397624 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-020-01109-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy and safety of spinal anesthesia by intrathecal dexmedetomidine (DEX) for parturients undergoing cesarean section are still lack of evidence. This aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intrathecal DEX for parturients undergoing cesarean section to provide more data evidence for intrathecal applications. METHODS Three hundred parturients undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia were randomly assigned into three groups: group B: 9.0 mg (1.2 ml) of 0.75% bupivacaine with saline (1 ml); group FB: 9.0 mg (1.2 ml) of 0.75% bupivacaine with 20 μg of fentanyl (1 ml); group DB: 9.0 mg (1.2 ml) of 0.75% bupivacaine with 5 μg of DEX (1 ml). Intraoperative block characteristics, parturients' postoperative quality of recovery, maternal and neonatal outcomes and the plasma concentration of DEX were measured. All parturients were followed up for 30 days to determine whether nerve injury occurred. RESULTS Compared with group B, the duration of sensory block in group FB and group DB were significantly prolonged (108.4 min [95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 104.6-112.3] in group B, and 122.0 min [95% CI = 116.8-127.3] in group FB, 148.2 min [95% CI = 145.3-151.1] in group DB). The overall score of quality recovery in group DB (71.6 [95% CI = 71.0-72.2]) was significantly higher than that in group FB (61.5 [95% CI = 60.8-62.2]) and group B (61.7 [95% CI = 61.0-62.4]). There was no statistically significant difference among the three groups for PH, PaO2, and PaCO2 of newborn. The plasma concentration of DEX in umbilical artery and umbilical vein was low and cannot be detected. The 30-days follow-up of parturients did not show any new onset of back, buttock or leg pain or paresthesia. CONCLUSIONS DEX is a potential local anesthetic adjuvant that the intrathecal combination of 5 μg DEX can safely exhibit a facilitatory block effect and improve parturients' recovery quality. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Registration number # ChiCTR1900022019 ; Date of Registration on March 20th, 2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Mei Li
- Feng Xian People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue-Li Lv
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing-He Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Su Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China. .,Department of Anesthesiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 Huaihai West Road, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China.
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49
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Kyosiimire-Lugemwa J, Anywaine Z, Abaasa A, Levin J, Gombe B, Musinguzi K, Kaleebu P, Grosskurth H, Munderi P, Pala P. Effect of Stopping Cotrimoxazole Preventive Therapy on Microbial Translocation and Inflammatory Markers Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Ugandan Adults on Antiretroviral Therapy: The COSTOP Trial Immunology Substudy. J Infect Dis 2020; 222:381-390. [PMID: 31714954 PMCID: PMC7336573 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cotrimoxazole preventive therapy (CPT) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a World Health Organization-recommended standard of care in resource-limited settings, but the mechanism of CPT's beneficial effects is unclear. The COSTOP trial (ISRCTN44723643) evaluated the noninferiority of discontinuing CPT in stabilized patients on antiretroviral therapy. The COSTOP immunology substudy was conducted on a subset of COSTOP participants randomized to continue CPT (n = 86) or discontinue CPT (placebo, n = 86) as daily treatment for 1 year. METHODS We evaluated whether CPT reduces microbial translocation, indicated by the presence of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS control factors such as soluble CD14 (sCD14) and endotoxin core antibody (EndoCAb immunoglobulin M [IgM]) in plasma. Intestinal barrier damage as indicated by plasma intestinal fatty acid binding protein (IFABP), T-cell activation, and the inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were also evaluated. RESULTS We found no significant change in markers of microbial translocation (LPS, IFABP, sCD14, and T-cell activation), with decreased EndoCAb IgM. There was significant increase in inflammation markers (CRP and IL-6) after stopping CPT compared to those who continued CPT. CONCLUSIONS These results add to the evidence of immunological benefits of CPT among HIV-infected populations in resource-limited settings. However, no evidence of reducing microbial translocation was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Kyosiimire-Lugemwa
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda,Correspondence: J. Kyosiimire-Lugemwa, Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, c/o Uganda Virus Research Institute, PO Box 49, Plot 51–59 Nakiwogo Road, Entebbe, Uganda ()
| | - Zacchaeus Anywaine
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Andrew Abaasa
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Jonathan Levin
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda,School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ben Gombe
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Kenneth Musinguzi
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Pontiano Kaleebu
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Heiner Grosskurth
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda,Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paula Munderi
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda,International Association of Providers of AIDS Care, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Pietro Pala
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
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50
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Cansell C, Stobbe K, Sanchez C, Le Thuc O, Mosser CA, Ben-Fradj S, Leredde J, Lebeaupin C, Debayle D, Fleuriot L, Brau F, Devaux N, Benani A, Audinat E, Blondeau N, Nahon JL, Rovère C. Dietary fat exacerbates postprandial hypothalamic inflammation involving glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells and microglia in male mice. Glia 2020; 69:42-60. [PMID: 32659044 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In humans, obesity is associated with brain inflammation, glial reactivity, and immune cells infiltration. Studies in rodents have shown that glial reactivity occurs within 24 hr of high-fat diet (HFD) consumption, long before obesity development, and takes place mainly in the hypothalamus (HT), a crucial brain structure for controlling body weight. Here, we sought to characterize the postprandial HT inflammatory response to 1, 3, and 6 hr of exposure to either a standard diet (SD) or HFD. HFD exposure increased gene expression of astrocyte and microglial markers (glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP] and Iba1, respectively) compared to SD-treated mice and induced morphological modifications of microglial cells in HT. This remodeling was associated with higher expression of inflammatory genes and differential regulation of hypothalamic neuropeptides involved in energy balance regulation. DREADD and PLX5622 technologies, used to modulate GFAP-positive or microglial cells activity, respectively, showed that both glial cell types are involved in hypothalamic postprandial inflammation, with their own specific kinetics and reactiveness to ingested foods. Thus, recurrent exacerbated postprandial inflammation in the brain might promote obesity and needs to be characterized to address this worldwide crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Cansell
- IPMC, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, IPMC, CNRS, Valbonne, France
| | - Katharina Stobbe
- IPMC, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, IPMC, CNRS, Valbonne, France
| | - Clara Sanchez
- IPMC, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, IPMC, CNRS, Valbonne, France
| | - Ophélia Le Thuc
- IPMC, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, IPMC, CNRS, Valbonne, France
| | - Coralie-Anne Mosser
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and New Microscopies, INSERM, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Selma Ben-Fradj
- CSGA, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Joris Leredde
- IPMC, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, IPMC, CNRS, Valbonne, France
| | | | - Delphine Debayle
- IPMC, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, IPMC, CNRS, Valbonne, France
| | - Lucile Fleuriot
- IPMC, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, IPMC, CNRS, Valbonne, France
| | - Frédéric Brau
- IPMC, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, IPMC, CNRS, Valbonne, France
| | - Nadège Devaux
- IPMC, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, IPMC, CNRS, Valbonne, France
| | - Alexandre Benani
- CSGA, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Etienne Audinat
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Blondeau
- IPMC, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, IPMC, CNRS, Valbonne, France
| | - Jean-Louis Nahon
- IPMC, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, IPMC, CNRS, Valbonne, France
| | - Carole Rovère
- IPMC, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, IPMC, CNRS, Valbonne, France
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