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Shimada R, Ishiguro KI. Female-specific mechanisms of meiotic initiation and progression in mammalian oocyte development. Genes Cells 2024; 29:797-807. [PMID: 39119753 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Meiosis is regulated in sexually dimorphic manners in mammals. In females, the commitment to and entry into meiosis are coordinated with the developmental program of oocytes. Female germ cells initiate meiosis within a short time window during the fetal period and then undergo meiotic arrest until puberty. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying the orchestration of oocyte development and meiosis to maximize the reproductive lifespan of mammalian females remain largely elusive. While meiotic initiation is regulated by a sexually common mechanism, where meiosis initiator and Stimulated by Retinoic Acid Gene 8 (STRA8) activate the meiotic genes, the female-specific mode of meiotic initiation is mediated by the interaction between retinoblastoma (RB) and STRA8. This review highlights the female-specific mechanisms of meiotic initiation and meiotic prophase progression in the context of oocyte development. Furthermore, the downstream pathway of the RB-STRA8 interaction that may regulate meiotic arrest will be discussed in the context of oocyte development, highlighting a potential genetic link between the female-specific mode of meiotic entry and meiotic arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuki Shimada
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics (IMEG), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kei-Ichiro Ishiguro
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics (IMEG), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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2
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Ozcagli E, Kubickova B, Jacobs MN. Addressing chemically-induced obesogenic metabolic disruption: selection of chemicals for in vitro human PPARα, PPARγ transactivation, and adipogenesis test methods. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1401120. [PMID: 39040675 PMCID: PMC11260640 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1401120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Whilst western diet and sedentary lifestyles heavily contribute to the global obesity epidemic, it is likely that chemical exposure may also contribute. A substantial body of literature implicates a variety of suspected environmental chemicals in metabolic disruption and obesogenic mechanisms. Chemically induced obesogenic metabolic disruption is not yet considered in regulatory testing paradigms or regulations, but this is an internationally recognised human health regulatory development need. An early step in the development of relevant regulatory test methods is to derive appropriate minimum chemical selection lists for the target endpoint and its key mechanisms, such that the test method can be suitably optimised and validated. Independently collated and reviewed reference and proficiency chemicals relevant for the regulatory chemical universe that they are intended to serve, assist regulatory test method development and validation, particularly in relation to the OECD Test Guidelines Programme. To address obesogenic mechanisms and modes of action for chemical hazard assessment, key initiating mechanisms include molecular-level Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) α and γ agonism and the tissue/organ-level key event of perturbation of the adipogenesis process that may lead to excess white adipose tissue. Here we present a critical literature review, analysis and evaluation of chemicals suitable for the development, optimisation and validation of human PPARα and PPARγ agonism and human white adipose tissue adipogenesis test methods. The chemical lists have been derived with consideration of essential criteria needed for understanding the strengths and limitations of the test methods. With a weight of evidence approach, this has been combined with practical and applied aspects required for the integration and combination of relevant candidate test methods into test batteries, as part of an Integrated Approach to Testing and Assessment for metabolic disruption. The proposed proficiency and reference chemical list includes a long list of negatives and positives (20 chemicals for PPARα, 21 for PPARγ, and 11 for adipogenesis) from which a (pre-)validation proficiency chemicals list has been derived.
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Turck D, Bohn T, Castenmiller J, de Henauw S, Hirsch‐Ernst K, Knutsen HK, Maciuk A, Mangelsdorf I, McArdle HJ, Pentieva K, Siani A, Thies F, Tsabouri S, Vinceti M, Lietz G, Passeri G, Craciun I, Fabiani L, Horvath Z, Valtueña Martínez S, Naska A. Scientific opinion on the tolerable upper intake level for preformed vitamin A and β-carotene. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8814. [PMID: 38846679 PMCID: PMC11154838 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Following two requests from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the revision of the tolerable upper intake level (UL) for preformed vitamin A and β-carotene. Systematic reviews of the literature were conducted for priority adverse health effects of excess vitamin A intake, namely teratogenicity, hepatotoxicity and endpoints related to bone health. Available data did not allow to address whether β-carotene could potentiate preformed vitamin A toxicity. Teratogenicity was selected as the critical effect on which to base the UL for preformed vitamin A. The Panel proposes to retain the UL for preformed vitamin A of 3000 μg RE/day for adults. This UL applies to men and women, including women of child-bearing age, pregnant and lactating women and post-menopausal women. This value was scaled down to other population groups using allometric scaling (body weight0.75), leading to ULs between 600 μg RE/day (infants 4-11 months) and 2600 μg RE/day (adolescents 15-17 years). Based on available intake data, European populations are unlikely to exceed the UL for preformed vitamin A if consumption of liver, offal and products thereof is limited to once per month or less. Women who are planning to become pregnant or who are pregnant are advised not to consume liver products. Lung cancer risk was selected as the critical effect of excess supplemental β-carotene. The available data were not sufficient and suitable to characterise a dose-response relationship and identify a reference point; therefore, no UL could be established. There is no indication that β-carotene intake from the background diet is associated with adverse health effects. Smokers should avoid consuming food supplements containing β-carotene. The use of supplemental β-carotene by the general population should be limited to the purpose of meeting vitamin A requirements.
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Wingrove JS, Wimmer J, Saba Echezarreta VE, Piazza A, Spencer GE. Retinoic acid reduces the formation of, and acutely modulates, invertebrate electrical synapses. J Neurophysiol 2024; 131:965-981. [PMID: 38568843 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00057.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Communication between cells in the nervous system is dependent on both chemical and electrical synapses. Factors that can affect chemical synapses have been well studied, but less is known about factors that influence electrical synapses. Retinoic acid, the vitamin A metabolite, is a known regulator of chemical synapses, but few studies have examined its capacity to regulate electrical synapses. In this study, we determine that retinoic acid is capable of rapidly altering the strength of electrical synapses in an isomer- and cell-dependent manner. Furthermore, we provide evidence that this acute effect might be independent of either the retinoid receptors or the activation of a protein kinase. In addition to the rapid modulatory effects of retinoic acid, we provide data to suggest that retinoic acid is also capable of regulating the formation of electrical synapses. Long-term exposure to both all-trans-retinoic acid or 9-cis-retinoic acid reduced the proportion of cell pairs forming electrical synapses, as well as reduced the strength of electrical synapses that did form. In summary, this study provides insights into the role that retinoids might play in both the formation and modulation of electrical synapses in the central nervous system.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Retinoids are known modulators of chemical synapses and mediate synaptic plasticity in the nervous system, but little is known of their effects on electrical synapses. Here, we show that retinoids selectively reduce electrical synapses in a cell- and isomer-dependent manner. This modulatory action on existing electrical synapses was rapid and nongenomic in nature. We also showed for the first time that longer retinoid exposures inhibit the formation of electrical synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel S Wingrove
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin Wimmer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Alicia Piazza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gaynor E Spencer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
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Cheng X, Li D, Yang C, Chen B, Xu P, Zhang L. Oral vitamin A supplements to prevent acute upper respiratory tract infections in children up to seven years of age. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2024; 5:CD015306. [PMID: 38738639 PMCID: PMC11089595 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd015306.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to global prevalence analysis studies, acute upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are the most common acute infectious disease in children, especially in preschool children. Acute URTIs lead to an economic burden on families and society. Vitamin A refers to the fat-soluble compound all-trans-retinol and also represents retinol and its active metabolites. Vitamin A interacts with both the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system and improves the host's defences against infections. Correlation studies show that serum retinol deficiency was associated with a higher risk of respiratory tract infections. Therefore, vitamin A supplementation may be important in preventing acute URTIs. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness and safety of vitamin A supplements for preventing acute upper respiratory tract infections in children up to seven years of age. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and two trial registration platforms to 8 June 2023. We also checked the reference lists of all primary studies and reviewed relevant systematic reviews and trials for additional references. We imposed no language or publication restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), which evaluated the role of vitamin A supplementation in the prevention of acute URTIs in children up to seven years of age. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used the standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. MAIN RESULTS We included six studies (27,351 participants). Four studies were RCTs and two were cluster-RCTs. The included studies were all conducted in lower-middle-income countries (two in India, two in South Africa, one in Ecuador, and one in Haiti). Three studies included healthy children who had no vitamin A deficiency, one study included children born to HIV-infected women, one study included low-birthweight neonates, and one study included children in areas with a high local prevalence of malnutrition and xerophthalmia. In two studies, vitamin E was a co-treatment administered in addition to vitamin A. We judged the included studies to be at either a high or unclear risk of bias for random sequence generation, incomplete outcome data, and blinding. Primary outcomes Six studies reported the incidence of acute URTIs during the study period. Five studies reported the number of acute URTIs over a period of time, but there was population heterogeneity and the results were presented in different forms, therefore only three studies were meta-analysed. We are uncertain of the effect of vitamin A supplementation on the number of acute URTIs over two weeks (risk ratio (RR) 1.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.92 to 1.09; I2 = 44%; 3 studies, 22,668 participants; low-certainty evidence). Two studies reported the proportion of participants with an acute URTI. We are uncertain of the effect of vitamin A supplementation on the proportion of participants with an acute URTI (2 studies, 15,535 participants; low-certainty evidence). Only one study (116 participants) reported adverse events. No infant in either the placebo or vitamin A group was found to have feeding difficulties (failure to feed or vomiting), a bulging fontanelle, or neurological signs before or after vitamin A administration (very low-certainty evidence). Secondary outcomes Two studies (296 participants) reported the severity of subjective symptoms, presented by the mean duration of acute URTI. Vitamin A may have little to no effect on the mean duration of acute URTI (very low-certainty evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The evidence for the use of vitamin A supplementation to prevent acute URTI is uncertain, because population, dose and duration of interventions, and outcomes vary between studies. From generally very low- to low-certainty evidence, we found that there may be no benefit in the use of vitamin A supplementation to prevent acute URTI in children up to seven years of age. More RCTs are needed to strengthen the current evidence. Future research should report over longer time frames using validated tools and consistent reporting, and ensure adequate power calculations, to allow for easier synthesis of data. Finally, it is important to assess vitamin A supplementation for preschool children with vitamin A deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory for Technical Research on Drug Products In Vitro and In Vivo Correlation, NMPA, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunsong Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory for Technical Research on Drug Products In Vitro and In Vivo Correlation, NMPA, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Emergency Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Library, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory for Technical Research on Drug Products In Vitro and In Vivo Correlation, NMPA, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Evidence-based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Minò A, Lopez F, Barbaro R, Barile M, Ambrosone L, Colella M. Effects of Anionic Liposome Delivery of All- Trans-Retinoic Acid on Neuroblastoma Cell Differentiation. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:257. [PMID: 38786467 PMCID: PMC11118614 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9050257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) has long been known to affect cell growth and differentiation. To improve ATRA's therapeutic efficacy and pharmacodynamics, several delivery systems have been used. In this study, free ATRA and anionic-liposome-encapsulated ATRA were compared for their effects on SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma cell growth and differentiation. Anionic liposomes made of L-α-phosphatidylcholine (PC) and L-α-phosphatidic acid (PA), empty (PC-PA) and loaded with ATRA (PC-PA-ATRA), were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and electrophoretic mobility measurements, and drug entrapment efficiency (EE%) was measured to evaluate the applicability of the new colloidal formulation. The results of brightfield microscopy and cell growth curves indicated that ATRA, whether free or encapsulated, reduced growth and induced differentiation, resulting in SK-N-SH cells changing from epithelioid to neuronal-like morphologies, and producing a significant increase in neurite growth. To further characterize the neuro-differentiation of SK-N-SH cells, the expression of βIII-Tubulin and synaptophysin and mitochondria localization were analyzed via immunofluorescence. Increased expression of neuronal markers and a peculiar localization of mitochondria in the neuritic extensions were apparent both in ATRA- and PC-PA-ATRA-differentiated cells. As a whole, our results strongly indicate that ATRA treatment, by any means, can induce the differentiation of parent SK-N-SH, and they highlight that its encapsulation in anionic liposomes increases its differentiation ability in terms of the percentage of neurite-bearing cells. Interestingly, our data also suggest an unexpected differentiation capability of anionic liposomes per se. This work highlights the importance of developing and carefully testing novel delivery nanocarriers, which are a necessary first "step" in the development of new therapeutic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Minò
- Department of Biosciences and Territory (DiBT), University of Molise, Contrada Lappone, 86090 Pesche, Italy;
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Via F. De Sanctis snc, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Francesco Lopez
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences (DiAAA), University of Molise, Via F. De Sanctis snc, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Roberto Barbaro
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment (DBBA), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Maria Barile
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment (DBBA), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Luigi Ambrosone
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Via F. De Sanctis snc, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Matilde Colella
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment (DBBA), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.B.); (M.B.)
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Cabezuelo MT, Torres L, Ortiz-Zapater E, López-Rodas G, Marín MP, Timoneda J, Viña JR, Zaragozá R, Barber T. Vitamin A Status Modulates Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition in the Lung: The Role of Furin. Nutrients 2024; 16:1177. [PMID: 38674868 PMCID: PMC11053499 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) induced TGF-β hyperactivation and reduced expression of cell adhesion proteins in the lung, suggesting that the disruption of retinoic acid (RA) signaling leads to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). To elucidate the role of lung vitamin A status in EMT, several EMT markers and the expression of the proprotein convertase furin, which activates TGF-β, were analyzed in two experimental models. Our in vivo model included control rats, VAD rats, and both control rats and VAD rats, treated with RA. For the in vitro studies, human bronchoalveolar epithelial cells treated with RA were used. Our data show that EMT and furin are induced in VAD rats. Furthermore, furin expression continues to increase much more markedly after treatment of VAD rats with RA. In control rats and cell lines, an acute RA treatment induced a significant increase in furin expression, concomitant with changes in EMT markers. A ChIP assay demonstrated that RA directly regulates furin transcription. These results emphasize the importance of maintaining vitamin A levels within the physiological range since both levels below and above this range can cause adverse effects that, paradoxically, could be similar. The role of furin in EMT is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Teresa Cabezuelo
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Centro Salud Safranar, Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, 46017 Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis Torres
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-IIS INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.T.); (E.O.-Z.); (G.L.-R.); (J.T.); (J.R.V.); (T.B.)
| | - Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-IIS INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.T.); (E.O.-Z.); (G.L.-R.); (J.T.); (J.R.V.); (T.B.)
| | - Gerardo López-Rodas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-IIS INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.T.); (E.O.-Z.); (G.L.-R.); (J.T.); (J.R.V.); (T.B.)
| | - M. Pilar Marín
- Microscopy Unit IIS La Fe Valencia, 46009 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Joaquín Timoneda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-IIS INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.T.); (E.O.-Z.); (G.L.-R.); (J.T.); (J.R.V.); (T.B.)
| | - Juan R. Viña
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-IIS INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.T.); (E.O.-Z.); (G.L.-R.); (J.T.); (J.R.V.); (T.B.)
| | - Rosa Zaragozá
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology-IIS INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Teresa Barber
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-IIS INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.T.); (E.O.-Z.); (G.L.-R.); (J.T.); (J.R.V.); (T.B.)
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Shastak Y, Pelletier W. Pet Wellness and Vitamin A: A Narrative Overview. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1000. [PMID: 38612239 PMCID: PMC11010875 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The health of companion animals, particularly dogs and cats, is significantly influenced by nutrition, with vitamins playing a crucial role. Vitamin A, in particular, is indispensable, with diverse roles ranging from vision to immune modulation and reproduction. Despite its importance, the metabolism and dietary requirements of vitamin A in companion animals remain complex and not fully understood. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the historical perspective, the digestion, the metabolism, the physiological roles, the deficiency, the excess, and the interactions with other micronutrients of vitamin A in companion animals. Additionally, it highlights future research directions and gaps in our understanding. Insights into the metabolism of vitamin A in companion animals, personalized nutrition strategies based on genetic variability, longitudinal studies tracking the status of vitamin A, and investigations into its immunomodulatory effects are crucial for optimizing pet health and wellness. Furthermore, understanding the stability and bioavailability of vitamin A in pet food formulations is essential for ensuring the provision of adequate micronutrients. Overall, this review underscores the importance of vitamin A in companion animal nutrition and the need for further research to enhance our understanding and to optimize dietary recommendations for pet health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yauheni Shastak
- Nutrition & Health Division, BASF SE, 67063 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
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9
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Sun L, Zheng M, Gao Y, Brigstock DR, Gao R. Retinoic acid signaling pathway in pancreatic stellate cells: Insight into the anti-fibrotic effect and mechanism. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 967:176374. [PMID: 38309676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are activated following loss of cytoplasmic vitamin A (retinol)-containing lipid droplets, which is a key event in the process of fibrogenesis of chronic pancreatitis (CP) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDCA). PSCs are the major source of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) that produce stroma to induce PDAC cancer cell growth, invasion, and metastasis. As an active metabolite of retinol, retinoic acid (RA) can regulate target gene expression in PSCs through its nuclear receptor complex (RAR/RXR or RXR/RXR) or transcriptional intermediary factor. Additionally, RA also has extranuclear and non-transcriptional effects. In vitro studies have shown that RA induces PSC deactivation which reduces extracellular matrix production through multiple modes of action, such as inhibiting TβRⅡ, PDGFRβ, β-catenin and Wnt production, downregulating ERK1/2 and JNK phosphorylation and suppressing active TGF-β1 release. RA alone or in combination with other reagents have been demonstrated to have an effective anti-fibrotic effect on cerulein-induced mouse CP models in vivo studies. Clinical trial data have shown that repurposing all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) as a stromal-targeting agent for human pancreatic cancer is safe and tolerable, suggesting the possibility of using RA for the treatment of CP and PDCA in humans. This review focuses on RA signaling pathways in PSCs and the effects and mechanisms of RA in PSC-mediated fibrogenesis as well as the anti-fibrotic and anti-tumor effects of RA targeting PSCs or CAFs in vitro and in vivo, highlighting the potential therapies of RA against CP and PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sun
- Department of Hepatic Biliary Pancreatic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Pathology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meifang Zheng
- Department of Hepatic Biliary Pancreatic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanhang Gao
- Department of Hepatic Biliary Pancreatic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - David R Brigstock
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Runping Gao
- Department of Hepatic Biliary Pancreatic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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10
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Rivas JFG, Clugston RD. The etiology of congenital diaphragmatic hernia: the retinoid hypothesis 20 years later. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:912-921. [PMID: 37990078 PMCID: PMC10920205 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02905-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a severe birth defect and a major cause of neonatal respiratory distress. Impacting ~2-3 in 10,000 births, CDH is associated with a high mortality rate, and long-term morbidity in survivors. Despite the significant impact of CDH, its etiology remains incompletely understood. In 2003, Greer et al. proposed the Retinoid Hypothesis, stating that the underlying cause of abnormal diaphragm development in CDH was related to altered retinoid signaling. In this review, we provide a comprehensive update to the Retinoid Hypothesis, discussing work published in support of this hypothesis from the past 20 years. This includes reviewing teratogenic and genetic models of CDH, lessons from the human genetics of CDH and epidemiological studies, as well as current gaps in the literature and important areas for future research. The Retinoid Hypothesis is one of the leading hypotheses to explain the etiology of CDH, as we continue to better understand the role of retinoid signaling in diaphragm development, we hope that this information can be used to improve CDH outcomes. IMPACT: This review provides a comprehensive update on the Retinoid Hypothesis, which links abnormal retinoic acid signaling to the etiology of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. The Retinoid Hypothesis was formulated in 2003. Twenty years later, we extensively review the literature in support of this hypothesis from both animal models and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Garcia Rivas
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Robin D Clugston
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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11
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Swaminathan G, Saito T, Husain SZ. Exploiting open source omics data to advance pancreas research. JOURNAL OF PANCREATOLOGY 2024; 7:21-27. [PMID: 38524857 PMCID: PMC10959533 DOI: 10.1097/jp9.0000000000000173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The "omics" revolution has transformed the biomedical research landscape by equipping scientists with the ability to interrogate complex biological phenomenon and disease processes at an unprecedented level. The volume of "big" data generated by the different omics studies such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics has led to the concurrent development of computational tools to enable in silico analysis and aid data deconvolution. Considering the intensive resources and high costs required to generate and analyze big data, there has been centralized, collaborative efforts to make the data and analysis tools freely available as "Open Source," to benefit the wider research community. Pancreatology research studies have contributed to this "big data rush" and have additionally benefitted from utilizing the open source data as evidenced by the increasing number of new research findings and publications that stem from such data. In this review, we briefly introduce the evolution of open source omics data, data types, the "FAIR" guiding principles for data management and reuse, and centralized platforms that enable free and fair data accessibility, availability, and provide tools for omics data analysis. We illustrate, through the case study of our own experience in mining pancreatitis omics data, the power of repurposing open source data to answer translationally relevant questions in pancreas research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Swaminathan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Toshie Saito
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Sohail Z. Husain
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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12
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Barton LJ, Sanny J, Packard Dawson E, Nouzova M, Noriega FG, Stadtfeld M, Lehmann R. Juvenile hormones direct primordial germ cell migration to the embryonic gonad. Curr Biol 2024; 34:505-518.e6. [PMID: 38215744 PMCID: PMC10872347 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Germ cells are essential to sexual reproduction. Across the animal kingdom, extracellular signaling isoprenoids, such as retinoic acids (RAs) in vertebrates and juvenile hormones (JHs) in invertebrates, facilitate multiple processes in reproduction. Here we investigated the role of these potent signaling molecules in embryonic germ cell development, using JHs in Drosophila melanogaster as a model system. In contrast to their established endocrine roles during larval and adult germline development, we found that JH signaling acts locally during embryonic development. Using an in vivo biosensor, we observed active JH signaling first within and near primordial germ cells (PGCs) as they migrate to the developing gonad. Through in vivo and in vitro assays, we determined that JHs are both necessary and sufficient for PGC migration. Analysis into the mechanisms of this newly uncovered paracrine JH function revealed that PGC migration was compromised when JHs were decreased or increased, suggesting that specific titers or spatiotemporal JH dynamics are required for robust PGC colonization of the gonad. Compromised PGC migration can impair fertility and cause germ cell tumors in many species, including humans. In mammals, retinoids have many roles in development and reproduction. We found that like JHs in Drosophila, RA was sufficient to impact mouse PGC migration in vitro. Together, our study reveals a previously unanticipated role of isoprenoids as local effectors of pre-gonadal PGC development and suggests a broadly shared mechanism in PGC migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacy J Barton
- Department of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
| | - Justina Sanny
- Department of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Emily Packard Dawson
- Department of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Marcela Nouzova
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8(th) Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre CAS, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Fernando Gabriel Noriega
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8(th) Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Department of Parasitology, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Matthias Stadtfeld
- Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 E 69th Street, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruth Lehmann
- Department of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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13
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Makimoto A, Fujisaki H, Matsumoto K, Takahashi Y, Cho Y, Morikawa Y, Yuza Y, Tajiri T, Iehara T. Retinoid Therapy for Neuroblastoma: Historical Overview, Regulatory Challenges, and Prospects. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:544. [PMID: 38339295 PMCID: PMC10854948 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinoids are vitamin A derivatives and include trans-retinoic acid, isotretinoin, tamibarotene, and bexarotene, all of which are currently available for clinical use. The clinical development of retinoid therapy for neuroblastoma has a history spanning more than four decades. The most promising agent is isotretinoin, which can contribute to improving event-free survival in patients with high-risk neuroblastoma by approximately 10% when administered over six months as maintenance therapy. Although isotretinoin is regarded as an essential component in the standard clinical management of high-risk neuroblastoma, its use for this purpose in the US and EU is off-label. To promote isotretinoin use in Japan as a treatment for neuroblastoma, our clinical research team is planning to launch an investigator-initiated, registration-directed clinical trial. The present review article discusses the basic science behind retinoid therapy, pre-clinical/clinical evidence on neuroblastoma, the concept of the proposed clinical trial, and prospects for this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Makimoto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Children’s Medical Center, Fuchu 183-8561, Japan
- Clinical Research Support Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Children’s Medical Center, Fuchu 183-8561, Japan;
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children’s Medical Center, Fuchu 183-8561, Japan;
| | - Hiroyuki Fujisaki
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka 534-0021, Japan;
| | - Kimikazu Matsumoto
- Children’s Cancer Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan;
| | - Yoshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan;
| | - Yuko Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan;
| | - Yoshihiko Morikawa
- Clinical Research Support Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Children’s Medical Center, Fuchu 183-8561, Japan;
| | - Yuki Yuza
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children’s Medical Center, Fuchu 183-8561, Japan;
| | - Tatsuro Tajiri
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
| | - Tomoko Iehara
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan;
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14
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Olsen T, Lerner UH. Vitamin A - a scoping review for Nordic nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr Res 2023; 67:10229. [PMID: 38686175 PMCID: PMC11057411 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v67.10229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A refers to a group of fat-soluble compounds with retinol activity, including all-trans retinol and pro-vitamin A carotenoids. Bioactive compounds include retinal and all-trans retinoic acid with important functions in vision, immune function, growth, and development. The literature search that was performed for the current scoping review yielded a total of seven publications relevant to setting the recommended daily intake for vitamin A. In total, six publications assessed the relationship of serum retinol and/or dietary vitamin A intake with fracture risk (n = 2), cancer (n = 3), and deficiency after bariatric surgery (n = 1). One additional report by the European Food Safety Administration (EFSA) with updated average requirements was included. The outcomes-based systematic reviews and meta-analyses showed positive associations for vitamin A intake and serum retinol with risk of hip fracture. Weak or inconclusive associations were observed for cancer or obesity. One publication by EFSA with updated estimated average requirements and population reference intakes for dietary vitamin A intakes was published in 2015. The EFSA recommendations and estimated average requirements are based on a European reference population, with body weights derived from an assumed body mass index of 22, which might be too low and not representative of the Nordic and Baltic populations, and consequently resulting in lower estimated average requirements and recommendations. In conclusion, there were limited new outcomes-based data for vitamin A and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulf H. Lerner
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute for Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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15
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Calderon RM, Golczak M, Paik J, Blaner WS. Dietary Vitamin A Affects the Function of Incretin-Producing Enteroendocrine Cells in Male Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. J Nutr 2023; 153:2901-2914. [PMID: 37648113 PMCID: PMC10613727 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinol-binding protein 2 (RBP2) is an intracellular carrier for vitamin A in the absorptive enterocytes. Mice lacking RBP2 (Rbp2-/-) display an unexpected phenotype of obesity, glucose intolerance, and elevated glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) levels. GIP and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) are incretin hormones secreted by enteroendocrine cells (EECs). We recently demonstrated the presence of RBP2 and other retinoid-related proteins in EECs. OBJECTIVES Given RBP2's role in intracellular retinoid trafficking, we aimed to evaluate whether dietary vitamin A affects incretin-secreting cell function and gene expression. METHODS Male Rbp2-/- mice and sex- and age-matched controls (n = 6-9) were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 18 wk containing normal (VAN, 4000 IU/kg of diet) or low (VAL, 25% of normal) vitamin A concentrations. Body weight was recorded biweekly. Plasma GIP and GLP-1 levels were obtained fasting and 30 min after an oral fat gavage at week 16. Glucose tolerance tests were also performed. Mice were killed at week 18, and blood and tissue samples were obtained. RESULTS Rbp2-/- mice displayed greater weight gain on the VAN compared with the VAL diet from week 7 of the intervention (P ≤ 0.01). Stimulated GIP levels were elevated in Rbp2-/- mice compared with their controls fed the VAN diet (P = 0.02), whereas their GIP response was lower when fed the VAL diet (P = 0.03). Although no differences in GLP-1 levels were observed in the VAN diet group, a lower GLP-1 response was seen in Rbp2-/- mice fed the VAL diet (P = 0.02). Changes in incretin gene expression and that of other genes associated with EEC lineage and function were consistent with these observations. Circulating and hepatic retinoid levels revealed no systemic vitamin A deficiency across dietary groups. CONCLUSIONS Our data support a role for RBP2 and dietary vitamin A in incretin secretion and gene expression in mice fed a HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana M Calderon
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Marcin Golczak
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States; Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jisun Paik
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - William S Blaner
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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16
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Chmiel JA, Stuivenberg GA, Al KF, Akouris PP, Razvi H, Burton JP, Bjazevic J. Vitamins as regulators of calcium-containing kidney stones - new perspectives on the role of the gut microbiome. Nat Rev Urol 2023; 20:615-637. [PMID: 37161031 PMCID: PMC10169205 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00768-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Calcium-based kidney stone disease is a highly prevalent and morbid condition, with an often complicated and multifactorial aetiology. An abundance of research on the role of specific vitamins (B6, C and D) in stone formation exists, but no consensus has been reached on how these vitamins influence stone disease. As a consequence of emerging research on the role of the gut microbiota in urolithiasis, previous notions on the contribution of these vitamins to urolithiasis are being reconsidered in the field, and investigation into previously overlooked vitamins (A, E and K) was expanded. Understanding how the microbiota influences host vitamin regulation could help to determine the role of vitamins in stone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Chmiel
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gerrit A Stuivenberg
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kait F Al
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Polycronis P Akouris
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hassan Razvi
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeremy P Burton
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Bjazevic
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
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17
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Yang H, Su M, Liu M, Sheng Y, Zhu L, Yang L, Mu R, Zou J, Liu X, Liu L. Hepatic retinaldehyde deficiency is involved in diabetes deterioration by enhancing PCK1- and G6PC-mediated gluconeogenesis. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:3728-3743. [PMID: 37719384 PMCID: PMC10501888 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is often accompanied with an induction of retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (RALDH1 or ALDH1A1) expression and a consequent decrease in hepatic retinaldehyde (Rald) levels. However, the role of hepatic Rald deficiency in T2D progression remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that reversing T2D-mediated hepatic Rald deficiency by Rald or citral treatments, or liver-specific Raldh1 silencing substantially lowered fasting glycemia levels, inhibited hepatic glucogenesis, and downregulated phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC) expression in diabetic db/db mice. Fasting glycemia and Pck1/G6pc mRNA expression levels were strongly negatively correlated with hepatic Rald levels, indicating the involvement of hepatic Rald depletion in T2D deterioration. A similar result that liver-specific Raldh1 silencing improved glucose metabolism was also observed in high-fat diet-fed mice. In primary human hepatocytes and oleic acid-treated HepG2 cells, Rald or Rald + RALDH1 silencing resulted in decreased glucose production and downregulated PCK1/G6PC mRNA and protein expression. Mechanistically, Rald downregulated direct repeat 1-mediated PCK1 and G6PC expression by antagonizing retinoid X receptor α, as confirmed by luciferase reporter assays and molecular docking. These results highlight the link between hepatic Rald deficiency, glucose dyshomeostasis, and the progression of T2D, whilst also suggesting RALDH1 as a potential therapeutic target for T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mengxiang Su
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yun Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ruijing Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jianjun Zou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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18
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Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is a metabolite of vitamin A and is essential for development and growth as well as cellular metabolism. Through genomic and nongenomic actions, RA regulates a variety of physiological functions. Dysregulation of RA signaling is associated with many diseases. Targeting RA signaling has been proven valuable to human health. All-trans retinoic acid (AtRA) and anthracycline-based chemotherapy are the standard treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Both human and animal studies have shown a significant relationship between RA signaling and the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this review article, we will first summarize vitamin A metabolism and then focus on the role of RA signaling in NAFLD. AtRA inhibits the development and progression of NAFLD via regulating lipid metabolism, inflammation, thermogenesis, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathima N Cassim Bawa
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA 44272
| | - Yanqiao Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA 44272
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19
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DiKun KM, Gudas LJ. Vitamin A and retinoid signaling in the kidneys. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 248:108481. [PMID: 37331524 PMCID: PMC10528136 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin A (VA, retinol) and its metabolites (commonly called retinoids) are required for the proper development of the kidney during embryogenesis, but retinoids also play key roles in the function and repair of the kidney in adults. Kidneys filter 180-200 liters of blood per day and each kidney contains approximately 1 million nephrons, which are often referred to as the 'functional units' of the kidney. Each nephron consists of a glomerulus and a series of tubules (proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule, and collecting duct) surrounded by a network of capillaries. VA is stored in the liver and converted to active metabolites, most notably retinoic acid (RA), which acts as an agonist for the retinoic acid receptors ((RARs α, β, and γ) to regulate gene transcription. In this review we discuss some of the actions of retinoids in the kidney after injury. For example, in an ischemia-reperfusion model in mice, injury-associated loss of proximal tubule (PT) differentiation markers occurs, followed by re-expression of these differentiation markers during PT repair. Notably, healthy proximal tubules express ALDH1a2, the enzyme that metabolizes retinaldehyde to RA, but transiently lose ALDH1a2 expression after injury, while nearby myofibroblasts transiently acquire RA-producing capabilities after injury. These results indicate that RA is important for renal tubular injury repair and that compensatory mechanisms exist for the generation of endogenous RA by other cell types upon proximal tubule injury. ALDH1a2 levels also increase in podocytes, epithelial cells of the glomeruli, after injury, and RA promotes podocyte differentiation. We also review the ability of exogenous, pharmacological doses of RA and receptor selective retinoids to treat numerous kidney diseases, including kidney cancer and diabetic kidney disease, and the emerging genetic evidence for the importance of retinoids and their receptors in maintaining or restoring kidney function after injury. In general, RA has a protective effect on the kidney after various types of injuries (eg. ischemia, cytotoxic actions of chemicals, hyperglycemia related to diabetes). As more research into the actions of each of the three RARs in the kidney is carried out, a greater understanding of the actions of vitamin A is likely to lead to new insights into the pathology of kidney disorders and the development of new therapies for kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krysta M DiKun
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA; Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorraine J Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA; Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA.
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20
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Marie A, Kinet R, Helbling JC, Darricau M, Alfos S, Di Miceli M, Angelo MF, Foury A, Richard E, Trifilieff P, Mallet NP, Bosch-Bouju C. Impact of dietary vitamin A on striatal function in adult rats. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23037. [PMID: 37392372 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300133r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
The striatum is a brain structure involved in the control of voluntary movement. Striatum contains high amounts of retinoic acid, the active metabolite of vitamin A, as well as retinoid receptors, RARβ and RXRγ. Previous studies revealed that disruption of retinoid signaling initiated during development is deleterious for striatal physiology and related motor functions. However, the alteration of retinoid signaling, and the importance of vitamin A supply during adulthood on striatal physiology and function has never been established. In the present study, we investigated the impact of vitamin A supply on striatal function. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with three specific diets, either sub-deficient, sufficient, or enriched in vitamin A (0.4, 5, and 20 international units [IU] of retinol per g of diet, respectively) for 6 months. We first validated that vitamin A sub-deficient diet in adult rats constitutes a physiological model of retinoid signaling reduction in the striatum. We then revealed subtle alterations of fine motor skills in sub-deficient rats using a new behavioral apparatus specifically designed to test forepaw reach-and-grasp skills relying on striatal function. Finally, we showed using qPCR analysis and immunofluorescence that the striatal dopaminergic system per se was not affected by vitamin A sub-deficiency at adult age. Rather, cholinergic synthesis in the striatum and μ-opioid receptor expression in striosomes sub-territories were the most affected by vitamin A sub-deficiency starting at adulthood. Taken together these results revealed that retinoid signaling alteration at adulthood is associated with motor learning deficits together with discrete neurobiological alterations in the striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Marie
- INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Rémi Kinet
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- CNRS UMR 5293, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Morgane Darricau
- INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- CNRS UMR 5293, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Serge Alfos
- INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathieu Di Miceli
- Worcester Biomedical Research Group, School of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK
| | | | - Aline Foury
- INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Emmanuel Richard
- INSERM, U1035, CHU Bordeaux, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Trifilieff
- INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nicolas P Mallet
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- CNRS UMR 5293, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
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21
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Bui AQ, Gunathilake M, Lee J, Oh JH, Chang HJ, Sohn DK, Shin A, Kim J. Interaction between retinol intake and ISX rs5755368 polymorphism in colorectal cancer risk: a case-control study in a Korean population. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10187. [PMID: 37349365 PMCID: PMC10287678 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36973-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine whether the ISX rs5755368 genotypes are associated with the effect of dietary retinol consumption on CRC risk. We recruited 923 CRC patients and 1846 controls to identify the association between dietary retinol and CRC risk. Dietary retinol intake was assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Genotype data were available for 1419 patients (600 cases and 819 controls) of the total study population. Genotyping was performed using an Illumina MEGA Expanded Array. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression models. Retinol intake was inversely associated with CRC (OR = 0.49; 95% CI = 0.37-0.63). Participants with AA genotype showed lower CRC risk than subjects carrying the G allele (AG + GG) (OR = 0.76; 95% CI = 0.58-0.99). A 68% reduced risk of CRC was related to subjects who had the highest retinol intake and carrying AA genotype compared to the risk of participants consumed the lowest retinol intake and carrying the G allele (OR = 0.32; 95% CI = 0.20-0.53; P interaction = 0.026). Retinol intake could be a protective factor for CRC risk while this association could be strengthened among individuals carrying the homozygous AA genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Quynh Bui
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Madhawa Gunathilake
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, 10408, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Jeonghee Lee
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, 10408, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Jae Hwan Oh
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Hee Jin Chang
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Dae Kyung Sohn
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Aesun Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeongseon Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, 10408, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
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Akita T, Oda K, Narukawa S, Morita Y, Tange K, Nakai Y, Yamashita C. Intracellular Drug Delivery Process of Am80-Encapsulated Lipid Nanoparticles Aiming for Alveolar Regeneration. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:838. [PMID: 37375785 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) results in obstructive ventilatory impairment caused by emphysema, and current treatment is limited to symptomatic therapy or lung transplantation. Therefore, the development of new treatments to repair alveolar destruction is especially urgent. Our previous study revealed that 1.0 mg/kg of synthetic retinoid Am80 had a repair effect on collapsed alveoli in a mouse model of elastase-induced emphysema. From these results, however, the clinical dose calculated in accordance with FDA guidance is estimated to be 5.0 mg/60 kg, and it is desirable to further reduce the dose to allow the formulation of a powder inhaler for clinical application. To efficiently deliver Am80 to the retinoic acid receptor in the cell nucleus, which is the site of action, we focused on SS-cleavable proton-activated lipid-like material O-Phentyl-P4C2COATSOME®SS-OP, hereinafter referred to as "SS-OP"). In this study, we investigated the cellular uptake and intracellular drug delivery process of Am80-encapsulated SS-OP nanoparticles to elucidate the mechanism of Am80 by nanoparticulation. Am80-encapsulated SS-OP nanoparticles were taken up into the cells via ApoE, and then Am80 was efficiently delivered into the nucleus via RARα. These results indicated the usefulness of SS-OP nanoparticles as drug delivery system carriers of Am80 for COPD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Akita
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Oda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Satoru Narukawa
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yuki Morita
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kota Tange
- Life Science Research Laboratory, NOF CORPORATION, 3-3 Chidori-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki City 210-0865, Japan
| | - Yuta Nakai
- Life Science Research Laboratory, NOF CORPORATION, 3-3 Chidori-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki City 210-0865, Japan
| | - Chikamasa Yamashita
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
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Chaves MA, Ferreira LS, Baldino L, Pinho SC, Reverchon E. Current Applications of Liposomes for the Delivery of Vitamins: A Systematic Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13091557. [PMID: 37177102 PMCID: PMC10180326 DOI: 10.3390/nano13091557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes have been used for several decades for the encapsulation of drugs and bioactives in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. On the other hand, the use of these phospholipid vesicles in food applications is more recent and is increasing significantly in the last ten years. Although in different stages of technological maturity-in the case of cosmetics, many products are on the market-processes to obtain liposomes suitable for the encapsulation and delivery of bioactives are highly expensive, especially those aiming at scaling up. Among the bioactives proposed for cosmetics and food applications, vitamins are the most frequently used. Despite the differences between the administration routes (oral for food and mainly dermal for cosmetics), some challenges are very similar (e.g., stability, bioactive load, average size, increase in drug bioaccessibility and bioavailability). In the present work, a systematic review of the technological advancements in the nanoencapsulation of vitamins using liposomes and related processes was performed; challenges and future perspectives were also discussed in order to underline the advantages of these drug-loaded biocompatible nanocarriers for cosmetics and food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus A Chaves
- Laboratory of Encapsulation and Functional Foods (LEnAlis), Department of Food Engineering, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635900, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphophysiology and Development (LMMD), Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635900, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia S Ferreira
- Laboratory of Encapsulation and Functional Foods (LEnAlis), Department of Food Engineering, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635900, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucia Baldino
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Samantha C Pinho
- Laboratory of Encapsulation and Functional Foods (LEnAlis), Department of Food Engineering, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635900, SP, Brazil
| | - Ernesto Reverchon
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
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Nysten J, Van Dijck P. Can we microbe-manage our vitamin acquisition for better health? PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011361. [PMID: 37200232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Nysten
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Van Dijck
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Brown G. Retinoic acid receptor regulation of decision-making for cell differentiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1182204. [PMID: 37082619 PMCID: PMC10110968 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1182204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) activation of retinoic acid receptors (RARs) is crucial to an organism's proper development as established by findings for mouse foetuses from dams fed a vitamin A-deficient diet. ATRA influences decision-making by embryonic stem (ES) cells for differentiation including lineage fate. From studies of knockout mice, RARα and RARγ regulate haematopoiesis whereby active RARα modulates the frequency of decision-making for myeloid differentiation, but is not essential for myelopoiesis, and active RARγ supports stem cell self-renewal and maintenance. From studies of zebrafish embryo development, active RARγ plays a negative role in stem cell decision-making for differentiation whereby, in the absence of exogenous ATRA, selective agonism of RARγ disrupted stem cell decision-making for differentiation patterning for development. From transactivation studies, 0.24 nM ATRA transactivated RARγ and 19.3 nM (80-fold more) was needed to transactivate RARα. Therefore, the dose of ATRA that cells are exposed to in vivo, from gradients created by cells that synthesize and metabolize, is important to RARγ versus RARα and RARγ activation and balancing of the involvements in modulating stem cell maintenance versus decision-making for differentiation. RARγ activation favours stemness whereas concomitant or temporal activation of RARγ and RARα favours differentiation. Crosstalk with signalling events that are provoked by membrane receptors is also important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Brown
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Retinoic Acid and Retinoid X Receptors. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060864. [PMID: 36980205 PMCID: PMC10047840 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most fundamental discoveries in human biology was that of the existence of essential micronutrients that the body cannot synthesize but nonetheless requires for proper functioning [...]
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Bang YJ. Vitamin A: a key coordinator of host-microbe interactions in the intestine. BMB Rep 2023; 56:133-139. [PMID: 36751944 PMCID: PMC10068342 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2023-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The human intestine is home to a dense community of microbiota that plays a key role in human health and disease. Nutrients are essential regulators of both host and microbial physiology and function as key coordinators of host-microbe interactions. Therefore, understanding the specific roles and underlying mechanisms of each nutrient in regulating the host-microbe interactions will be essential in developing new strategies for improving human health through microbiota and nutrient intervention. This review will give a basic overview of the role of vitamin A, an essential micronutrient, on human health, and highlight recent findings on the mechanisms by which it regulates the host-microbe interactions. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(3): 133-139].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Ji Bang
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
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Ohshima H, Mishima K. Oral biosciences: The annual review 2022. J Oral Biosci 2023; 65:1-12. [PMID: 36740188 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Journal of Oral Biosciences is devoted to advancing and disseminating fundamental knowledge concerning every aspect of oral biosciences. HIGHLIGHT This review features review articles in the fields of "Bone Cell Biology," "Tooth Development & Regeneration," "Tooth Bleaching," "Adipokines," "Milk Thistle," "Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition," "Periodontitis," "Diagnosis," "Salivary Glands," "Tooth Root," "Exosome," "New Perspectives of Tooth Identification," "Dental Pulp," and "Saliva" in addition to the review articles by the winner of the "Lion Dental Research Award" ("Plastic changes in nociceptive pathways contributing to persistent orofacial pain") presented by the Japanese Association for Oral Biology. CONCLUSION The review articles in the Journal of Oral Biosciences have inspired its readers to broaden their knowledge about various aspects of oral biosciences. The current editorial review introduces these exciting review articles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Ohshima
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan.
| | - Kenji Mishima
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8, Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
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Burzyński J, Fichna J, Tarasiuk A. Putative molecular targets for vitamin A in neutralizing oxidative stress in acute and chronic pancreatitis - a systematic review. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023:10.1007/s00210-023-02442-4. [PMID: 36843131 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP) are debilitating diseases of gastrointestinal tract and constitute great threat for human health in high-income countries. Recent studies emphasize the impact of oxidative stress on development of these pathologies, and numerous authors evaluate the effect of the antioxidant therapy on the course of AP and CP. Though several antioxidative agents were discovered in the past decades, vitamins remain canonical antioxidants. Despite the fact that vitamin A is known for its antioxidative effect, there is little data about the impact of vitamin A on oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of AP and CP. The scope of the review is to evaluate molecular targets for vitamin A, which may be involved in oxidative stress occurring in the course of AP and CP. Our research of available literature revealed that several mechanisms are responsible for attenuation of oxidative stress in AP and CP, including Nrf2, MAPK, AMPK, TLR3, and TLR4. Furthermore, these factors are at least partially expressed in vitamin A-dependent manner, though further investigations are required for elucidating in detail the role of vitamin A in defense against reactive oxygen species. Our review revealed that vitamin A might influence the expression of several molecular pathways involved in antioxidative defense and cytoprotection; thus, its administration during AP and CP may change the course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Burzyński
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jakub Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Tarasiuk
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215, Lodz, Poland.
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Shymotiuk I, Froese N, Werlein C, Naasner L, Szaroszyk M, Kühnel MP, Jonigk DD, Blaner WS, Wende AR, Abel ED, Bauersachs J, Riehle C. Vitamin A regulates tissue-specific organ remodeling in diet-induced obesity independent of mitochondrial function. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1118751. [PMID: 36891060 PMCID: PMC9987331 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1118751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Perturbed mitochondrial energetics and vitamin A (VitA) metabolism are associated with the pathogenesis of diet-induced obesity (DIO) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods To test the hypothesis that VitA regulates tissue-specific mitochondrial energetics and adverse organ remodeling in DIO, we utilized a murine model of impaired VitA availability and high fat diet (HFD) feeding. Mitochondrial respiratory capacity and organ remodeling were assessed in liver, skeletal muscle, and kidney tissue, which are organs affected by T2D-associated complications and are critical for the pathogenesis of T2D. Results In liver, VitA had no impact on maximal ADP-stimulated mitochondrial respiratory capacity (VADP) following HFD feeding with palmitoyl-carnitine and pyruvate each combined with malate as substrates. Interestingly, histopathological and gene expression analyses revealed that VitA mediates steatosis and adverse remodeling in DIO. In skeletal muscle, VitA did not affect VADP following HFD feeding. No morphological differences were detected between groups. In kidney, VADP was not different between groups with both combinations of substrates and VitA transduced the pro-fibrotic transcriptional response following HFD feeding. Conclusion The present study identifies an unexpected and tissue-specific role for VitA in DIO that regulates the pro-fibrotic transcriptional response and that results in organ damage independent of changes in mitochondrial energetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanna Shymotiuk
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Natali Froese
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Lea Naasner
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Szaroszyk
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark P. Kühnel
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in End-stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Lung Research Centre (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Danny D. Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in End-stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Lung Research Centre (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - William S. Blaner
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Adam R. Wende
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - E. Dale Abel
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine and University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Health, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Johann Bauersachs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Riehle
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Saika A, Tiwari P, Nagatake T, Node E, Hosomi K, Honda T, Kabashima K, Kunisawa J. Mead acid inhibits retinol-induced irritant contact dermatitis via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1097955. [PMID: 36825199 PMCID: PMC9941550 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1097955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinol is widely used in topical skincare products to ameliorate skin aging and treat acne and wrinkles; however, retinol and its derivatives occasionally have adverse side effects, including the induction of irritant contact dermatitis. Previously, we reported that mead acid (5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid), an oleic acid metabolite, ameliorated skin inflammation in dinitrofluorobenzene-induced allergic contact hypersensitivity by inhibiting neutrophil infiltration and leukotriene B4 production by neutrophils. Here, we showed that mead acid also suppresses retinol-induced irritant contact dermatitis. In a murine model, we revealed that mead acid inhibited keratinocyte abnormalities such as keratinocyte hyperproliferation. Consistently, mead acid inhibited p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) phosphorylation, which is an essential signaling pathway in the keratinocyte hyperplasia induced by retinol. These inhibitory effects of mead acid were associated with the prevention of both keratinocyte hyperproliferation and the gene expression of neutrophil chemoattractants, including Cxcl1 and Cxcl2, and they were mediated by a PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor)-α pathway. Our findings identified the anti-inflammatory effects of mead acid, the use of which can be expected to minimize the risk of adverse side effects associated with topical retinoid application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Saika
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Collaborative Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Prabha Tiwari
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Collaborative Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan,Laboratory for Transcriptome Technology, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nagatake
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Collaborative Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan,Laboratory of Functional Anatomy, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Eri Node
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Collaborative Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Hosomi
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Collaborative Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Honda
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Collaborative Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan,International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato, Tokyo, Japan,Graduate School of Medicine, Graduate School of Dentistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan,Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan,Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan,*Correspondence: Jun Kunisawa,
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Xia J, Li S, Liu S, Zhang L. Aldehyde dehydrogenase in solid tumors and other diseases: Potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e195. [PMID: 36694633 PMCID: PMC9842923 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The family of aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) contains 19 isozymes and is involved in the oxidation of endogenous and exogenous aldehydes to carboxylic acids, which contributes to cellular and tissue homeostasis. ALDHs play essential parts in detoxification, biosynthesis, and antioxidants, which are of important value for cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival in normal body tissues. However, ALDHs are frequently dysregulated and associated with various diseases like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and especially solid tumors. Notably, the involvement of the ALDHs in tumor progression is responsible for the maintenance of the stem-cell-like phenotype, triggering rapid and aggressive clinical progressions. ALDHs have captured increasing attention as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. Nevertheless, these require further longitudinal clinical studies in large populations for broad application. This review summarizes our current knowledge regarding ALDHs as potential biomarkers in tumors and several non-tumor diseases, as well as recent advances in our understanding of the functions and underlying molecular mechanisms of ALDHs in disease development. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of ALDHs in diseases, especially in tumor therapy with an emphasis on their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xia
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Cancer Institutes, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The International Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Siqin Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Cancer Institutes, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The International Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Suling Liu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Cancer Institutes, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The International Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Lixing Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Cancer Institutes, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The International Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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Cheng X, Li D, Yang C, Chen B, Xu P, Zhang L. Oral vitamin A supplements to prevent acute upper respiratory tract infections in children up to seven years of age. THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2023; 2023:CD015306. [PMCID: PMC9811920 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd015306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the effectiveness and safety of vitamin A supplements for preventing acute upper respiratory tract infections in children up to seven years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiao Cheng
- Department of PharmacyWest China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina,Evidence-Based Pharmacy CenterWest China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina,Key Laboratory for Technical Research on Drug Products In Vitro and In Vivo CorrelationNMPAChengduChina,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and ChildrenMinistry of EducationChengduChina
| | - Dan Li
- Department of PharmacyWomen and Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Department of PharmacyChongqing Health Center for Women and ChildrenChongqing China
| | - Chunsong Yang
- Department of PharmacyWest China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina,Evidence-Based Pharmacy CenterWest China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina,Key Laboratory for Technical Research on Drug Products In Vitro and In Vivo CorrelationNMPAChengduChina,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and ChildrenMinistry of EducationChengduChina
| | - Bin Chen
- Emergency DepartmentWest China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ping Xu
- LibrarySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lingli Zhang
- Department of PharmacyWest China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina,Evidence-Based Pharmacy CenterWest China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina,Key Laboratory for Technical Research on Drug Products In Vitro and In Vivo CorrelationNMPAChengduChina,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and ChildrenMinistry of EducationChengduChina
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Zhu L, Kamalathevan P, Koneva LA, Zarebska JM, Chanalaris A, Ismail H, Wiberg A, Ng M, Muhammad H, Walsby-Tickle J, McCullagh JSO, Watt FE, Sansom SN, Furniss D, Gardiner MD, Vincent TL, Riley N, Spiteri M, McNab I, Little C, Cogswell L, Critchley P, Giele H, Shirley R. Variants in ALDH1A2 reveal an anti-inflammatory role for retinoic acid and a new class of disease-modifying drugs in osteoarthritis. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabm4054. [PMID: 36542696 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abm4054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
More than 40% of individuals will develop osteoarthritis (OA) during their lifetime, yet there are currently no licensed disease-modifying treatments for this disabling condition. Common polymorphic variants in ALDH1A2, which encodes the key enzyme for synthesis of all-trans retinoic acid (atRA), are associated with severe hand OA. Here, we sought to elucidate the biological significance of this association. We first confirmed that ALDH1A2 risk variants were associated with hand OA in the U.K. Biobank. Articular cartilage was acquired from 33 individuals with hand OA at the time of routine hand OA surgery. After stratification by genotype, RNA sequencing was performed. A reciprocal relationship between ALDH1A2 mRNA and inflammatory genes was observed. Articular cartilage injury up-regulated similar inflammatory genes by a process that we have previously termed mechanoflammation, which we believe is a primary driver of OA. Cartilage injury was also associated with a concomitant drop in atRA-inducible genes, which were used as a surrogate measure of cellular atRA concentration. Both responses to injury were reversed using talarozole, a retinoic acid metabolism blocking agent (RAMBA). Suppression of mechanoflammation by talarozole was mediated by a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ)-dependent mechanism. Talarozole was able to suppress mechano-inflammatory genes in articular cartilage in vivo 6 hours after mouse knee joint destabilization and reduced cartilage degradation and osteophyte formation after 26 days. These data show that boosting atRA suppresses mechanoflammation in the articular cartilage in vitro and in vivo and identifies RAMBAs as potential disease-modifying drugs for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyi Zhu
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Pragash Kamalathevan
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Lada A Koneva
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Jadwiga Miotla Zarebska
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Anastasios Chanalaris
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Heba Ismail
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
- Healthy Lifespan Institute (HELSI) and Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Akira Wiberg
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Michael Ng
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Hayat Muhammad
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - John Walsby-Tickle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - James S O McCullagh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Fiona E Watt
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Stephen N Sansom
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Dominic Furniss
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Matthew D Gardiner
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Tonia L Vincent
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
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Munteanu C, Schwartz B. The relationship between nutrition and the immune system. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1082500. [PMID: 36570149 PMCID: PMC9772031 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1082500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition plays an essential role in the regulation of optimal immunological response, by providing adequate nutrients in sufficient concentrations to immune cells. There are a large number of micronutrients, such as minerals, and vitamins, as well as some macronutrients such as some amino acids, cholesterol and fatty acids demonstrated to exert a very important and specific impact on appropriate immune activity. This review aims to summarize at some extent the large amount of data accrued to date related to the modulation of immune function by certain micro and macronutrients and to emphasize their importance in maintaining human health. Thus, among many, some relevant case in point examples are brought and discussed: (1) The role of vitamin A/all-trans-retinoic-acids (ATRA) in acute promyelocytic leukemia, being this vitamin utilized as a very efficient therapeutic agent via effective modulation of the immune function (2) The involvement of vitamin C in the fight against tumor cells via the increase of the number of active NK cells. (3) The stimulation of apoptosis, the suppression of cancer cell proliferation, and delayed tumor development mediated by calcitriol/vitamin D by means of immunity regulation (4) The use of selenium as a cofactor to reach more effective immune response to COVID vaccination (5). The crucial role of cholesterol to regulate the immune function, which is demonstrated to be very sensitive to the variations of this macronutrient concentration. Other important examples are reviewed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camelia Munteanu
- Department of Plant Culture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania,Camelia Munteanu,
| | - Betty Schwartz
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The School of Nutritional Sciences, The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel,*Correspondence: Betty Schwartz,
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Naasner L, Froese N, Hofmann W, Galuppo P, Werlein C, Shymotiuk I, Szaroszyk M, Erschow S, Amanakis G, Bähre H, Kühnel MP, Jonigk DD, Geffers R, Seifert R, Ricke-Hoch M, Wende AR, Blaner WS, Abel ED, Bauersachs J, Riehle C. Vitamin A preserves cardiac energetic gene expression in a murine model of diet-induced obesity. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H1352-H1364. [PMID: 36399384 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00514.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Perturbed vitamin-A metabolism is associated with type 2 diabetes and mitochondrial dysfunction that are pathophysiologically linked to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, the mechanism, by which vitamin A might regulate mitochondrial energetics in DCM has previously not been explored. To test the hypothesis that vitamin-A deficiency accelerates the onset of cardiomyopathy in diet-induced obesity (DIO), we subjected mice with lecithin retinol acyltransferase (Lrat) germline deletion, which exhibit impaired vitamin-A stores, to vitamin A-deficient high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. Wild-type mice fed with a vitamin A-sufficient HFD served as controls. Cardiac structure, contractile function, and mitochondrial respiratory capacity were preserved despite vitamin-A deficiency following 20 wk of HFD feeding. Gene profiling by RNA sequencing revealed that vitamin A is required for the expression of genes involved in cardiac fatty acid oxidation, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in DIO as expression of these genes was relatively preserved under vitamin A-sufficient HFD conditions. Together, these data identify a transcriptional program, by which vitamin A preserves cardiac energetic gene expression in DIO that might attenuate subsequent onset of mitochondrial and contractile dysfunction.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The relationship between vitamin-A status and the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy has not been studied in detail. We assessed cardiac mitochondrial respiratory capacity, contractile function, and gene expression by RNA sequencing in a murine model of combined vitamin-A deficiency and diet-induced obesity. Our study identifies a role for vitamin A in preserving cardiac energetic gene expression that might attenuate subsequent development of mitochondrial and contractile dysfunction in diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Naasner
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Natali Froese
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Winfried Hofmann
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Paolo Galuppo
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Ivanna Shymotiuk
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Szaroszyk
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sergej Erschow
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Georgios Amanakis
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heike Bähre
- Research Core Unit Metabolomics, Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark P Kühnel
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in End-stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Lung Research Centre (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Danny D Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in End-stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Lung Research Centre (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Geffers
- Research Group Genome Analytics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Roland Seifert
- Research Core Unit Metabolomics, Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Melanie Ricke-Hoch
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Adam R Wende
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - William S Blaner
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - E Dale Abel
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine and UCLA Health, Los Angeles, California
| | - Johann Bauersachs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Riehle
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Burns NG, Kardon G. The role of genes and environment in the etiology of congenital diaphragmatic hernias. Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 152:115-138. [PMID: 36707209 PMCID: PMC10923182 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Structural birth defects are a common cause of abnormalities in newborns. While there are cases of structural birth defects arising due to monogenic defects or environmental exposures, many birth defects are likely caused by a complex interaction between genes and the environment. A structural birth defect with complex etiology is congenital diaphragmatic hernias (CDH), a common and often lethal disruption in diaphragm development. Mutations in more than 150 genes have been implicated in CDH pathogenesis. Although there is generally less evidence for a role for environmental factors in the etiology of CDH, deficiencies in maternal vitamin A and its derivative embryonic retinoic acid are strongly associated with CDH. However, the incomplete penetrance of CDH-implicated genes and environmental factors such as vitamin A deficiency suggest that interactions between genes and environment may be necessary to cause CDH. In this review, we examine the genetic and environmental factors implicated in diaphragm and CDH development. In addition, we evaluate the potential for gene-environment interactions in CDH etiology, focusing on the potential interactions between the CDH-implicated gene, Gata4, and maternal vitamin A deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan G Burns
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Gabrielle Kardon
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
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Xu TC, Lv Y, Liu QY, Chen HS. Long-term atorvastatin improves cognitive decline by regulating gut function in naturally ageing rats. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2022; 19:52. [DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00311-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Statins have been widely used to prevent cardiovascular disease in middle-aged and elderly populations; however, the effect of long-term treatment on cognitive function is controversial. To simulate clinical conditions, middle-aged rats were given atorvastatin for 9 consecutive months to investigate the effect on natural cognitive decline and the possible mechanisms.
Results
The results showed that compared with the control group, long-term atorvastatin treatment naturally improved cognitive decline. Furthermore, long-term treatment regulated intestinal retinoic acid (RA) metabolism and storage by altering retinol dehydrogenase 7 (Rdh7) expression in the intestine, while RA metabolism affected the proliferation of intestinal Treg cells and inhibited IL-17+γδ T-cell function. In addition, long-term atorvastatin increased intestinal flora richness and decreased IL-17 expression in hippocampal tissue.
Conclusion
Collectively, these findings provide the first evidence that long-term atorvastatin intervention may prevent cognitive decline in naturally ageing rats by inhibiting neuroinflammation via the gut-brain axis.
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Ainsworth RI, Hammaker D, Nygaard G, Ansalone C, Machado C, Zhang K, Zheng L, Carrillo L, Wildberg A, Kuhs A, Svensson MND, Boyle DL, Firestein GS, Wang W. Systems-biology analysis of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes implicates cell line-specific transcription factor function. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6221. [PMID: 36266270 PMCID: PMC9584907 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33785-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an immune-mediated disease affecting diarthrodial joints that remains an unmet medical need despite improved therapy. This limitation likely reflects the diversity of pathogenic pathways in RA, with individual patients demonstrating variable responses to targeted therapies. Better understanding of RA pathogenesis would be aided by a more complete characterization of the disease. To tackle this challenge, we develop and apply a systems biology approach to identify important transcription factors (TFs) in individual RA fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS) cell lines by integrating transcriptomic and epigenomic information. Based on the relative importance of the identified TFs, we stratify the RA FLS cell lines into two subtypes with distinct phenotypes and predicted active pathways. We biologically validate these predictions for the top subtype-specific TF RARα and demonstrate differential regulation of TGFβ signaling in the two subtypes. This study characterizes clusters of RA cell lines with distinctive TF biology by integrating transcriptomic and epigenomic data, which could pave the way towards a greater understanding of disease heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard I Ainsworth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Deepa Hammaker
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gyrid Nygaard
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Cecilia Ansalone
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Camilla Machado
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lina Zheng
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lucy Carrillo
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andre Wildberg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amanda Kuhs
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mattias N D Svensson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David L Boyle
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gary S Firestein
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Farini D, De Felici M. The Beginning of Meiosis in Mammalian Female Germ Cells: A Never-Ending Story of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012571. [PMID: 36293427 PMCID: PMC9604137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiosis is the unique division of germ cells resulting in the recombination of the maternal and paternal genomes and the production of haploid gametes. In mammals, it begins during the fetal life in females and during puberty in males. In both cases, entering meiosis requires a timely switch from the mitotic to the meiotic cell cycle and the transition from a potential pluripotent status to meiotic differentiation. Revealing the molecular mechanisms underlying these interrelated processes represents the essence in understanding the beginning of meiosis. Meiosis facilitates diversity across individuals and acts as a fundamental driver of evolution. Major differences between sexes and among species complicate the understanding of how meiosis begins. Basic meiotic research is further hindered by a current lack of meiotic cell lines. This has been recently partly overcome with the use of primordial-germ-cell-like cells (PGCLCs) generated from pluripotent stem cells. Much of what we know about this process depends on data from model organisms, namely, the mouse; in mice, the process, however, appears to differ in many aspects from that in humans. Identifying the mechanisms and molecules controlling germ cells to enter meiosis has represented and still represents a major challenge for reproductive medicine. In fact, the proper execution of meiosis is essential for fertility, for maintaining the integrity of the genome, and for ensuring the normal development of the offspring. The main clinical consequences of meiotic defects are infertility and, probably, increased susceptibility to some types of germ-cell tumors. In the present work, we report and discuss data mainly concerning the beginning of meiosis in mammalian female germ cells, referring to such process in males only when pertinent. After a brief account of this process in mice and humans and an historical chronicle of the major hypotheses and progress in this topic, the most recent results are reviewed and discussed.
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Combination Treatment of Retinoic Acid Plus Focal Adhesion Kinase Inhibitor Prevents Tumor Growth and Breast Cancer Cell Metastasis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11192988. [PMID: 36230951 PMCID: PMC9564078 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (RA), the primary metabolite of vitamin A, controls the development and homeostasis of organisms and tissues. RA and its natural and synthetic derivatives, both known as retinoids, are promising agents in treating and chemopreventing different neoplasias, including breast cancer (BC). Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a crucial regulator of cell migration, and its overexpression is associated with tumor metastatic behavior. Thus, pharmaceutical FAK inhibitors (FAKi) have been developed to counter its action. In this work, we hypothesize that the RA plus FAKi (RA + FAKi) approach could improve the inhibition of tumor progression. By in silico analysis and its subsequent validation by qPCR, we confirmed RARA, SRC, and PTK2 (encoding RARα, Src, and FAK, respectively) overexpression in all breast cells tested. We also showed a different pattern of genes up/down-regulated between RA-resistant and RA-sensitive BC cells. In addition, we demonstrated that both RA-resistant BC cells (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468) display the same behavior after RA treatment, modulating the expression of genes involved in Src-FAK signaling. Furthermore, we demonstrated that although RA and FAKi administered separately decrease viability, adhesion, and migration in mammary adenocarcinoma LM3 cells, their combination exerts a higher effect. Additionally, we show that both drugs individually, as well as in combination, induce the expression of apoptosis markers such as active-caspase-3 and cleaved-PARP1. We also provided evidence that RA effects are extrapolated to other cancer cells, including T-47D BC and the human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells. In an orthotopic assay of LM3 tumor growth, whereas RA and FAKi administered separately reduced tumor growth, the combined treatment induced a more potent inhibition increasing mice survival. Moreover, in an experimental metastatic assay, RA significantly reduced metastatic lung dissemination of LM3 cells. Overall, these results indicate that RA resistance could reflect deregulation of most RA-target genes, including genes encoding components of the Src-FAK pathway. Our study demonstrates that RA plays an essential role in disrupting BC tumor growth and metastatic dissemination in vitro and in vivo by controlling FAK expression and localization. RA plus FAKi exacerbate these effects, thus suggesting that the sensitivity to RA therapies could be increased with FAKi coadministration in BC tumors.
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Current Opportunities for Targeting Dysregulated Neurodevelopmental Signaling Pathways in Glioblastoma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162530. [PMID: 36010607 PMCID: PMC9406959 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and highly lethal type of brain tumor, with poor survival despite advances in understanding its complexity. After current standard therapeutic treatment, including tumor resection, radiotherapy and concomitant chemotherapy with temozolomide, the median overall survival of patients with this type of tumor is less than 15 months. Thus, there is an urgent need for new insights into GBM molecular characteristics and progress in targeted therapy in order to improve clinical outcomes. The literature data revealed that a number of different signaling pathways are dysregulated in GBM. In this review, we intended to summarize and discuss current literature data and therapeutic modalities focused on targeting dysregulated signaling pathways in GBM. A better understanding of opportunities for targeting signaling pathways that influences malignant behavior of GBM cells might open the way for the development of novel GBM-targeted therapies.
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Bonakdar M, Czuba LC, Han G, Zhong G, Luong H, Isoherranen N, Vaishnava S. Gut commensals expand vitamin A metabolic capacity of the mammalian host. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:1084-1092.e5. [PMID: 35863343 PMCID: PMC9378501 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Conversion of dietary vitamin A (VA) into retinoic acid (RA) is essential for many biological processes and thus far studied largely in mammalian cells. Using targeted metabolomics, we found that commensal bacteria in the mouse gut lumen produced a high concentration of the active retinoids, all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) and 13-cis-retinoic acid (13cisRA), as well as the principal circulating retinoid, retinol. Ablation of anerobic bacteria significantly reduced retinol, atRA, and 13cisRA, whereas introducing these bacteria into germ-free mice significantly enhanced retinoids. Remarkably, cecal bacterial supplemented with VA produced active retinoids in vitro, establishing that gut bacteria encode metabolic machinery necessary for multistep conversion of dietary VA into its active forms. Finally, gut bacteria Lactobacillus intestinalis metabolized VA and specifically restored RA levels in the gut of vancomycin-treated mice. Our work establishes vitamin A metabolism as an emergent property of the gut microbiome and lays the groundwork for developing probiotic-based retinoid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Bonakdar
- Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Lindsay C Czuba
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Geongoo Han
- Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Guo Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Hien Luong
- Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Nina Isoherranen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Shipra Vaishnava
- Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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Plau J, Golczak M, Paik J, Calderon RM, Blaner WS. Retinol-binding protein 2 (RBP2): More than just dietary retinoid uptake. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159179. [PMID: 35533980 PMCID: PMC9191623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Retinol-binding protein 2 (RBP2, also known as cellular retinol-binding protein 2 (CRBP2)) is a member of the fatty acid-binding protein family and has been extensively studied for its role in facilitating dietary vitamin A (retinol) uptake and metabolism within enterocytes of the small intestine. RBP2 is present in highest concentrations in the proximal small intestine where it constitutes approximately 0.1-0.5% of soluble protein. Recent reports have established that RBP2 binds monoacylglycerols (MAGs) with high affinity, including the canonical endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). Crystallographic studies reveal that retinol, 2-AG, or other long-chain MAGs alternatively can bind in the retinol-binding pocket of RBP2. It also has been demonstrated recently that Rbp2-deficient mice are more susceptible to developing obesity and associated metabolic phenotypes when exposed to a high fat diet, or as they age when fed a conventional chow diet. When subjected to an oral fat challenge, the Rbp2-deficient mice release into the circulation significantly more, compared to littermate controls, of the intestinal hormone glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). These new findings regarding RBP2 structure and actions within the intestine are the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Plau
- Department of Pharmacology and Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Marcin Golczak
- Department of Pharmacology and Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Jisun Paik
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Rossana M Calderon
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - William S Blaner
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America.
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Yoo HS, Rodriguez A, You D, Lee RA, Cockrum MA, Grimes JA, Wang JC, Kang S, Napoli JL. The glucocorticoid receptor represses, whereas C/EBPβ can enhance or repress CYP26A1 transcription. iScience 2022; 25:104564. [PMID: 35789854 PMCID: PMC9249609 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) counters insulin's metabolic actions. Insulin reduces liver RA biosynthesis by exporting FoxO1 from nuclei. RA induces its catabolism, catalyzed by CYP26A1. A CYP26A1 contribution to RA homeostasis with changes in energy status had not been investigated. We found that glucagon, cortisol, and dexamethasone decrease RA-induced CYP26A1 transcription, thereby reducing RA oxidation during fasting. Interaction between the glucocorticoid receptor and the RAR/RXR coactivation complex suppresses CYP26A1 expression, increasing RA's elimination half-life. Interaction between CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) and the major allele of SNP rs2068888 enhances CYP26A1 expression; the minor allele restricts the C/EBPβ effect on CYP26A1. The major and minor alleles associate with impaired human health or reduction in blood triglycerides, respectively. Thus, regulating CYP26A1 transcription contributes to adapting RA to coordinate energy availability with metabolism. These results enhance insight into CYP26A1 effects on RA during changes in energy status and glucocorticoid receptor modification of RAR-regulated gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sik Yoo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, The University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Adrienne Rodriguez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, The University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Dongjoo You
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, The University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, The University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Michael A. Cockrum
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, The University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jack A. Grimes
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, The University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jen-Chywan Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, The University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sona Kang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, The University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Joseph L. Napoli
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, The University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Alleviation of liver cirrhosis and associated portal-hypertension by Astragalus species in relation to their UPLC-MS/MS metabolic profiles: a mechanistic study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11884. [PMID: 35831335 PMCID: PMC9279505 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15958-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is a late-stage liver disease characterized by excessive fibrous deposition triggering portal-hypertension (PH); the prime restrainer for cirrhosis-related complications. Remedies that can dually oppose hepatic fibrosis and lower PH, may prevent progression into decompensated-cirrhosis. Different Astragalus-species members have shown antifibrotic and diuretic actions with possible subsequent PH reduction. However, A.spinosus and A.trigonus were poorly tested for eliciting these actions. Herein, A.spinosus and A.trigonus roots and aerial parts extracts were subjected to comprehensive metabolic-fingerprinting using UHPLC-MS/MS resulting in 56 identified phytoconstituents, followed by chemometric untargeted analysis that revealed variable metabolic profiles exemplified by different species and organ types. Consequently, tested extracts were in-vivo evaluated for potential antifibrotic/anticirrhotic activity by assessing specific markers. The mechanistic prospective to induce diuresis was investigated by analyzing plasma aldosterone and renal-transporters gene-expression. Serum apelin and dimethylarginine-dimethylaminohydrolase-1 were measured to indicate the overall effect on PH. All extracts amended cirrhosis and PH to varying extents and induced diuresis via different mechanisms. Further, An OPLS model was built to generate a comprehensive metabolic-profiling of A.spinosus and A.trigonus secondary-metabolites providing a chemical-based evidence for their efficacious consistency. In conclusion, A.spinosus and A.trigonus organs comprised myriad pharmacologically-active constituents that act synergistically to ameliorate cirrhosis and associated PH.
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Calderon RM, Smith CA, Miedzybrodzka EL, Silvaroli JA, Golczak M, Gribble FM, Reimann F, Blaner WS. Intestinal Enteroendocrine Cell Signaling: Retinol-binding Protein 2 and Retinoid Actions. Endocrinology 2022; 163:bqac064. [PMID: 35552670 PMCID: PMC9162388 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Retinol-binding protein 2-deficient (Rbp2-/-) mice are more prone to obesity, glucose intolerance, and hepatic steatosis than matched controls. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) blood levels are dysregulated in these mice. The present studies provide new insights into these observations. Single cell transcriptomic and immunohistochemical studies establish that RBP2 is highly expressed in enteroendocrine cells (EECs) that produce incretins, either GIP or glucagon-like peptide-1. EECs also express an enzyme needed for all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) synthesis, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1, and retinoic acid receptor-alpha, which mediates ATRA-dependent transcription. Total and GIP-positive EECs are significantly lower in Rbp2-/- mice. The plasma transport protein for retinol, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is also expressed in EECs and is cosecreted with GIP upon stimulation. Collectively, our data support direct roles for RBP2 and ATRA in cellular processes that give rise to GIP-producing EECs and roles for RBP2 and RBP4 within EECs that facilitate hormone storage and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana M Calderon
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Christopher A Smith
- Institute of Metabolic Sciences and MRC-Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB0 0QQ 44106, UK
| | - Emily L Miedzybrodzka
- Institute of Metabolic Sciences and MRC-Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB0 0QQ 44106, UK
| | - Josie A Silvaroli
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Marcin Golczak
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Fiona M Gribble
- Institute of Metabolic Sciences and MRC-Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB0 0QQ 44106, UK
| | - Frank Reimann
- Institute of Metabolic Sciences and MRC-Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB0 0QQ 44106, UK
| | - William S Blaner
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Bora K. Vitamin A supplementation among 9-59 month old children in India: geospatial perspectives and implications for targeted coverage. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 7:bmjgh-2021-007972. [PMID: 35902202 PMCID: PMC9137340 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vitamin A supplementation (VAS) is yet to reach all Indian children aged 9–59 months, despite guidelines for universal coverage. This study mapped geospatial patterns underlying VAS coverage across two policy-relevant administrative unit levels (states and districts) in India. The relationship between spatial distribution of VAS coverage and vitamin A deficiency (VAD) prevalence was also investigated. Methods The study draws on nationally representative cross-sectional data collected during National Family and Health Survey 4 (NFHS-4) and Comprehensive National Nutritional Survey (CNNS). VAS coverage was estimated using information obtained during NFHS-4 from mothers about whether their children (n=204 645) had received VAS within 6 months of the survey. VAD prevalence estimates were based on serum retinol measurements during CNNS in under-five children (n=9563). State-level and district-level choropleth maps of VAS coverage were constructed. Spatial patterns were probed using Moran’s statistics, scatter plots and local indicators of spatial association (LISA). Relationship between VAS coverage (as an explanatory variable) and VAD prevalence was explored using spatial autoregressive models. Results VAS coverage in India (overall 60.5%) ranged from 29.5% (Nagaland) to 89.5% (Goa) across the various states/union territories. Among districts, it ranged from 12.8% (Longleng district, Nagaland) to 94.5% (Kolar district, Karnataka). The coverage exhibited positive spatial autocorrelation, more prominently at the district-level (univariate Moran’s I=0.638, z-value=25.614, pseudo p value=0.001). LISA maps identified spatial clusters of high coverage and low coverage districts. No significant spatial association was observed between VAS coverage and VAD prevalence in the states during spatial error (R2=0.07, λ=0.30, p value=0.14) and spatial lag (R2=0.05, ρ=0.25, p value=0.23) regression. Conclusion Two out of every five eligible Indian children were not supplemented with vitamin A. The coverage was geographically heterogeneous with discernible spatial patterns. Their consequences on vitamin A status and associated health effects in the community deserve close monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustubh Bora
- Haematology Division, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, North East Region, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
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Mice Lacking the Systemic Vitamin A Receptor RBPR2 Show Decreased Ocular Retinoids and Loss of Visual Function. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122371. [PMID: 35745101 PMCID: PMC9231411 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This work represents an initial evaluation of the second RBP4-vitamin A receptor RBPR2 in a mammalian model. We provide evidence that the membrane localized RBPR2 protein, under variable conditions of dietary vitamin A intake, plays an important role for dietary vitamin A transport to the eye for ocular retinoid homeostasis and visual function. These findings are of general interest, as disturbances in blood and ocular vitamin A homeostasis are linked to retinal degenerative diseases, which are blinding diseases. The animal model described here could also serve as an in vivo tool to study mechanisms related to retinal cell degeneration that are associated with vitamin A deficiency. Abstract The systemic transport of dietary vitamin A/all-trans retinol bound to RBP4 into peripheral tissues for storage is an essential physiological process that continuously provides visual chromophore precursors to the retina under fasting conditions. This mechanism is critical for phototransduction, photoreceptor cell maintenance and survival, and in the support of visual function. While the membrane receptor STRA6 facilitates the blood transport of lipophilic vitamin A into the eye, it is not expressed in most peripheral organs, which are proposed to express a second membrane receptor for the uptake of vitamin A from circulating RBP4. The discovery of a novel vitamin A receptor, RBPR2, which is expressed in the liver and intestine, but not in the eye, alluded to this long-sort non-ocular membrane receptor for systemic RBP4-ROL uptake and transport. We have previously shown in zebrafish that the retinol-binding protein receptor 2 (Rbpr2) plays an important role in the transport of yolk vitamin A to the eye. Mutant rbpr2 zebrafish lines manifested in decreased ocular retinoid concentrations and retinal phenotypes. To investigate a physiological role for the second vitamin A receptor, RBPR2, in mammals and to analyze the metabolic basis of systemic vitamin A transport for retinoid homeostasis, we established a whole-body Rbpr2 knockout mouse (Rbpr2−/−) model. These mice were viable on both vitamin A-sufficient and -deficient diets. Rbpr2−/− mice that were fed a vitamin A-sufficient diet displayed lower ocular retinoid levels, decreased opsins, and manifested in decrease visual function, as measured by electroretinography. Interestingly, when Rbpr2−/− mice were fed a vitamin A-deficient diet, they additionally showed shorter photoreceptor outer segment phenotypes, altogether manifesting in a significant loss of visual function. Thus, under conditions replicating vitamin A sufficiency and deficiency, our analyses revealed that RBPR2-mediated systemic vitamin A transport is a regulated process that is important for vitamin A delivery to the eye when RBP4-bound ROL is the only transport pathway in the fasting condition or under vitamin A deficiency conditions.
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Shindo S, Shioya A, Watanabe M, Sasaki T, Suzuki H, Kumagai T, Hwang GW, Nagata K. Development of an adenovirus-mediated reporter assay system to detect a low concentration of retinoic acid in MCF-7 cells. J Toxicol Sci 2022; 47:249-255. [PMID: 35650141 DOI: 10.2131/jts.47.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid, an active form of vitamin A, plays very important roles in mammalian embryogenesis. The concentration of retinoic acid is extremely low and strictly regulated by enzymes of cytochrome P450 (CYP) family, CYP26s (CYP26A1, CYP26B1 and CYP26C1) in the cells. Therefore, it is thought that changes in CYP26s activities due to exposure to a wide variety of drugs and chemicals exhibit teratogenicity. In this study, to easily detect the changes in retinoic acid level, we constructed an adenovirus-mediated reporter assay system using the promoter region of the CYP26A1 gene and inserting retinoic acid response element (RARE) and retinoid X response element (RXRE) into the downstream of the luciferase gene of reporter plasmid, which highly increased the response to retinoic acid. Reporter activity significantly increased in a concentration-dependent manner with retinoic acid; this increase was also observed at least after treatment with a very low concentration of 1 nM retinoic acid. This increase was suppressed by the accelerated metabolism of retinoic acid due to the overexpression of CYP26A1; however, this suppression was almost completely suspended by treatment with talarozole, a CYP26 inhibitor. In conclusion, the reporter assay system constructed using the induction of CYP26A1 expression is a risk assessment system that responds to extremely low concentrations of retinoic acid and is useful for assessing the excess vitamin A mediated teratogenicity caused by various chemicals at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawako Shindo
- Laboratory of Environmental and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Anari Shioya
- Laboratory of Environmental and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Michiko Watanabe
- Laboratory of Environmental and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Takamitsu Sasaki
- Laboratory of Environmental and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Laboratory of Environmental and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Takeshi Kumagai
- Laboratory of Environmental and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Gi-Wook Hwang
- Laboratory of Environmental and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Kiyoshi Nagata
- Laboratory of Environmental and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
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