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Maravi JSM, Leszczynski EC, Schwartz CS, Dev PK, Barber JL, Reasons RJ, Pearce RW, McPhaul MJ, Konrad RJ, Robbins JM, Gerszten RE, Collier TS, Bouchard C, Rohatgi A, Sarzynski MA. Associations of an HDL apolipoproteomic index with cardiometabolic risk factors before and after exercise training in the HERITAGE Family Study. Atherosclerosis 2024; 395:117587. [PMID: 38823353 PMCID: PMC11254543 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Previous studies have derived and validated an HDL apolipoproteomic score (pCAD) that predicts coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. However, the associations between pCAD and markers of cardiometabolic health in healthy adults are not known, nor are the effects of regular exercise on pCAD. METHODS A total of 641 physically inactive adults free of cardiovascular disease from the HERITAGE Family Study completed 20 weeks of exercise training. The pCAD index (range 0-100) was calculated using measurements of apolipoproteins A-I, C-I, C-II, C-III, and C-IV from ApoA-I-tagged serum (higher index = higher CAD risk). The associations between pCAD index and cardiometabolic traits at baseline and their training responses were assessed with Spearman correlation and general linear models. A Bonferroni correction of p < 8.9 × 10-04 was used to determine statistical significance. RESULTS The mean ± SD baseline pCAD index was 29 ± 32, with 106 (16.5 %) participants classified as high CAD risk. At baseline, pCAD index was positively associated with blood pressure, systemic inflammation, and body composition. HDL size, VO2max, and HDL-C were negatively associated with pCAD index at baseline. Of those classified as high CAD risk at baseline, 52 (49 %) were reclassified as normal risk after training. Following training, pCAD index changes were inversely correlated (p < 1.4 × 10-04) with changes in HDL-C, HDL size, and LDL size. CONCLUSIONS A higher pCAD index was associated with a worse cardiometabolic profile at baseline but improved with regular exercise. The results from this study highlight the potential role of HDL apolipoproteins as therapeutic targets for lifestyle interventions, particularly in high-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Prasun K. Dev
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Jacob L. Barber
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Riley J. Reasons
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Ryan W. Pearce
- Quest Diagnostics Cardiometabolic Center of Excellence at Cleveland HeartLab, Cleveland, OH
| | - Michael J. McPhaul
- Quest Diagnostics Cardiometabolic Center of Excellence at Cleveland HeartLab, Cleveland, OH
| | - Robert J. Konrad
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jeremy M. Robbins
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Robert E. Gerszten
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Timothy S. Collier
- Quest Diagnostics Cardiometabolic Center of Excellence at Cleveland HeartLab, Cleveland, OH
| | - Claude Bouchard
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Anand Rohatgi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Mark A. Sarzynski
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
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Lutomski CA, El-Baba TJ, Clemmer DE, Jarrold MF. Thermal Remodeling of Human HDL Particles Reveals Diverse Subspecies. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024. [PMID: 39051481 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.4c00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are micelle-like particles consisting of a core of triglycerides and cholesteryl esters surrounded by a shell of phospholipid, cholesterol, and apolipoproteins. HDL is considered "good" cholesterol, and its concentration in plasma is used clinically in assessing cardiovascular health. However, these particles vary in structure, composition, and therefore function, and thus can be resolved into subpopulations, some of which have specific cardioprotective properties. Mass measurements of HDL by charge detection mass spectrometry (CD-MS) previously revealed seven distinct subpopulations which could be delineated by mass and charge [Lutomski, C. A. et al. Anal. Chem. 2018]. Here, we investigate the thermal stabilities of these subpopulations; upon heating, the particles within each subpopulation undergo structural rearrangements with distinct transition temperatures. In addition, we find evidence for many new families of structures within each subpopulation; at least 15 subspecies of HDL are resolved. These subspecies vary in size, charge, and thermal stability. While this suggests that these new subspecies have unique molecular compositions, we cannot rule out the possibility that we have found evidence for new structural forms within the known subpopulations. The ability to resolve new subspecies of HDL particles may be important in understanding and delineating the role of unique particles in cardiovascular health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne A Lutomski
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Tarick J El-Baba
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - David E Clemmer
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Martin F Jarrold
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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Martagon AJ, Zubirán R, González-Arellanes R, Praget-Bracamontes S, Rivera-Alcántara JA, Aguilar-Salinas CA. HDL abnormalities in type 2 diabetes: Clinical implications. Atherosclerosis 2024; 394:117213. [PMID: 37580206 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) represents the primary cause of mortality among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). In this population, High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) particles exhibit abnormalities in number, composition, and function, culminating in diminished anti-atherosclerotic capabilities despite normal HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations. Hyperglycemic conditions contribute to these alterations in HDL kinetics, composition, and function, causing T2DM patients' HDL particles to exhibit decreased concentrations of diverse lipid species and proteins. Treatment of hyperglycemia has the potential to correct abnormal HDL particle attributes in T2DM; however, pharmacological interventions, including metformin and thiazolidinediones, yield inconsistent outcomes with respect to HDL-C concentrations and functionality. Despite numerous attempts with diverse drugs, pharmacologically augmenting HDL-C levels has not resulted in clinical benefits in mitigating ASCVD risk. In contrast, reducing Low Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) via statins and ezetimibe has demonstrated significant efficacy in curtailing CVD risk among T2DM individuals. Promising results have been observed in animal models and early-phase trials utilizing recombinant HDL and Lecitin Cholesterol Acyl Transferase (LCAT) -enhancing agents, but the evaluation of their efficacy and safety in large-scale clinical trials is ongoing. While aberrant HDL metabolism constitutes a prevalent aspect of dyslipidemia in T2DM, HDL cholesterol concentrations and composition no longer offer valuable insights for informing therapeutic decisions. Nevertheless, HDL metabolism remains a critical research area in T2DM, necessitating further investigation to elucidate the role of HDL particles in the development of diabetes-associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandro J Martagon
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico; Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, México City, Mexico; Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, México City, Mexico
| | - Rafael Zubirán
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
| | | | - Samantha Praget-Bracamontes
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
| | | | - Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico; Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico; Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, México City, Mexico; Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Guo Y, Luo L, Zhu J, Li C. Advance in Multi-omics Research Strategies on Cholesterol Metabolism in Psoriasis. Inflammation 2024; 47:839-852. [PMID: 38244176 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01961-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The skin is a complex and dynamic organ where homeostasis is maintained through the intricate interplay between the immune system and metabolism, particularly cholesterol metabolism. Various factors such as cytokines, inflammatory mediators, cholesterol metabolites, and metabolic enzymes play crucial roles in facilitating these interactions. Dysregulation of this delicate balance contributes to the pathogenic pathways of inflammatory skin conditions, notably psoriasis. In this article, we provide an overview of omics biomarkers associated with psoriasis in relation to cholesterol metabolism. We explore multi-omics approaches that reveal the communication between immunometabolism and psoriatic inflammation. Additionally, we summarize the use of multi-omics strategies to uncover the complexities of multifactorial and heterogeneous inflammatory diseases. Finally, we highlight potential future perspectives related to targeted drug therapies and research areas that can advance precise medicine. This review aims to serve as a valuable resource for those investigating the role of cholesterol metabolism in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youming Guo
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingling Luo
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengrang Li
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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5
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Jiang Y, Pang S, Liu X, Wang L, Liu Y. The Gut Microbiome Affects Atherosclerosis by Regulating Reverse Cholesterol Transport. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2024; 17:624-637. [PMID: 38231373 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-024-10480-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The human system's secret organ, the gut microbiome, has received considerable attention. Emerging research has yielded substantial scientific evidence indicating that changes in gut microbial composition and microbial metabolites may contribute to the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The burden of cardiovascular disease on healthcare systems is exacerbated by atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, which continues to be the leading cause of mortality globally. Reverse cholesterol transport is a powerful protective mechanism that effectively prevents excessive accumulation of cholesterol for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. It has been revealed how the gut microbiota modulates reverse cholesterol transport in patients with atherosclerotic risk. In this review, we highlight the complex interactions between microbes, their metabolites, and their potential impacts in reverse cholesterol transport. We also explore the feasibility of modulating gut microbes and metabolites to facilitate reverse cholesterol transport as a novel therapy for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Jiang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuchao Pang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Liu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China.
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Bhale AS, Meilhac O, d'Hellencourt CL, Vijayalakshmi MA, Venkataraman K. Cholesterol transport and beyond: Illuminating the versatile functions of HDL apolipoproteins through structural insights and functional implications. Biofactors 2024. [PMID: 38661230 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) play a vital role in lipid metabolism and cardiovascular health, as they are intricately involved in cholesterol transport and inflammation modulation. The proteome of HDL particles is indeed complex and distinct from other components in the bloodstream. Proteomics studies have identified nearly 285 different proteins associated with HDL; however, this review focuses more on the 15 or so traditionally named "apo" lipoproteins. Important lipid metabolizing enzymes closely working with the apolipoproteins are also discussed. Apolipoproteins stand out for their integral role in HDL stability, structure, function, and metabolism. The unique structure and functions of each apolipoprotein influence important processes such as inflammation regulation and lipid metabolism. These interactions also shape the stability and performance of HDL particles. HDLs apolipoproteins have multifaceted roles beyond cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and are involved in various physiological processes and disease states. Therefore, a detailed exploration of these apolipoproteins can offer valuable insights into potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. This comprehensive review article aims to provide an in-depth understanding of HDL apolipoproteins, highlighting their distinct structures, functions, and contributions to various physiological processes. Exploiting this knowledge holds great potential for improving HDL function, enhancing cholesterol efflux, and modulating inflammatory processes, ultimately benefiting individuals by limiting the risks associated with CVDs and other inflammation-based pathologies. Understanding the nature of all 15 apolipoproteins expands our knowledge of HDL metabolism, sheds light on their pathological implications, and paves the way for advancements in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of lipid and inflammatory-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Sudam Bhale
- Centre for Bio-Separation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, Saint-Pierre, France
| | - Christian Lefebvre d'Hellencourt
- Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, Saint-Pierre, France
| | | | - Krishnan Venkataraman
- Centre for Bio-Separation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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7
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Kunutsor SK, Bhattacharjee A, Connelly MA, Bakker SJL, Dullaart RPF. Alcohol Consumption, High-Density Lipoprotein Particles and Subspecies, and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: Findings from the PREVEND Prospective Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2290. [PMID: 38396968 PMCID: PMC10889823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The associations of HDL particle (HDL-P) and subspecies concentrations with alcohol consumption are unclear. We aimed to evaluate the interplay between alcohol consumption, HDL parameters and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. In the PREVEND study of 5151 participants (mean age, 53 years; 47.5% males), self-reported alcohol consumption and HDL-P and subspecies (small, medium, and large) by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were assessed. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs for first CVD events were estimated. In multivariable linear regression analyses, increasing alcohol consumption increased HDL-C, HDL-P, large and medium HDL, HDL size, and HDL subspecies (H3P, H4P, H6 and H7) in a dose-dependent manner. During a median follow-up of 8.3 years, 323 first CVD events were recorded. Compared with abstainers, the multivariable adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of CVD for occasional to light, moderate, and heavy alcohol consumers were 0.72 (0.55-0.94), 0.74 (0.54-1.02), and 0.65 (0.38-1.09), respectively. These associations remained consistent on additional adjustment for each HDL parameter. For CVD, only HDL-C was associated with a statistically significant decreased risk of CVD in a fully adjusted analysis (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.72-0.97 per 1 SD increment). For coronary heart disease, HDL-C, HDL-P, medium HDL, HDL size, and H4P showed inverse associations, whereas HDL-C and HDL size modestly increased stroke risk. Except for H6P, alcohol consumption did not modify the associations between HDL parameters and CVD risk. The addition of HDL-C, HDL size, or H4P to a CVD risk prediction model containing established risk factors improved risk discrimination. Increasing alcohol consumption is associated with increased HDL-C, HDL-P, large and medium HDL, HDL size, and some HDL subspecies. Associations of alcohol consumption with CVD are largely independent of HDL parameters. The associations of HDL parameters with incident CVD are generally not attenuated or modified by alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setor K. Kunutsor
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4WP, UK
| | - Atanu Bhattacharjee
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK;
| | | | - Stephan J. L. Bakker
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Robin P. F. Dullaart
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands;
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8
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Qiang YX, You J, He XY, Guo Y, Deng YT, Gao PY, Wu XR, Feng JF, Cheng W, Yu JT. Plasma metabolic profiles predict future dementia and dementia subtypes: a prospective analysis of 274,160 participants. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:16. [PMID: 38254212 PMCID: PMC10802055 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01379-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood-based biomarkers for dementia are gaining attention due to their non-invasive nature and feasibility in regular healthcare settings. Here, we explored the associations between 249 metabolites with all-cause dementia (ACD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD) and assessed their predictive potential. METHODS This study included 274,160 participants from the UK Biobank. Cox proportional hazard models were employed to investigate longitudinal associations between metabolites and dementia. The importance of these metabolites was quantified using machine learning algorithms, and a metabolic risk score (MetRS) was subsequently developed for each dementia type. We further investigated how MetRS stratified the risk of dementia onset and assessed its predictive performance, both alone and in combination with demographic and cognitive predictors. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 14.01 years, 5274 participants developed dementia. Of the 249 metabolites examined, 143 were significantly associated with incident ACD, 130 with AD, and 140 with VaD. Among metabolites significantly associated with dementia, lipoprotein lipid concentrations, linoleic acid, sphingomyelin, glucose, and branched-chain amino acids ranked top in importance. Individuals within the top tertile of MetRS faced a significantly greater risk of developing dementia than those in the lowest tertile. When MetRS was combined with demographic and cognitive predictors, the model yielded the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values of 0.857 for ACD, 0.861 for AD, and 0.873 for VaD. CONCLUSIONS We conducted the largest metabolome investigation of dementia to date, for the first time revealed the metabolite importance ranking, and highlighted the contribution of plasma metabolites for dementia prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xuan Qiang
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 12Th Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jia You
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 12Th Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiao-Yu He
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 12Th Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 12Th Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yue-Ting Deng
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 12Th Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Pei-Yang Gao
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266011, China
| | - Xin-Rui Wu
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 12Th Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jian-Feng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 12Th Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 12Th Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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9
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Jonker J, Doorenbos CSE, Kremer D, Gore EJ, Niesters HGM, van Leer-Buter C, Bourgeois P, Connelly MA, Dullaart RPF, Berger SP, Sanders JSF, Bakker SJL. High-Density Lipoprotein Particles and Torque Teno Virus in Stable Outpatient Kidney Transplant Recipients. Viruses 2024; 16:143. [PMID: 38257843 PMCID: PMC10818741 DOI: 10.3390/v16010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Torque teno virus (TTV) is emerging as a potential marker for monitoring immune status. In transplant recipients who are immunosuppressed, higher TTV DNA loads are observed than in healthy individuals. TTV load measurement may aid in optimizing immunosuppressive medication dosing in solid organ transplant recipients. Additionally, there is a growing interest in the role of HDL particles in immune function; therefore, assessment of both HDL concentrations and TTV load may be of interest in transplant recipients. The objective of this study was to analyze TTV loads and HDL parameters in serum samples collected at least one year post-transplantation from 656 stable outpatient kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), enrolled in the TransplantLines Food and Nutrition Cohort (Groningen, the Netherlands). Plasma HDL particles and subfractions were measured using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Serum TTV load was measured using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Associations between HDL parameters and TTV load were examined using univariable and multivariable linear regression. The median age was 54.6 [IQR: 44.6 to 63.1] years, 43.3% were female, the mean eGFR was 52.5 (±20.6) mL/min/1.73 m2 and the median allograft vintage was 5.4 [IQR: 2.0 to 12.0] years. A total of 539 participants (82.2%) had a detectable TTV load with a mean TTV load of 3.04 (±1.53) log10 copies/mL, the mean total HDL particle concentration was 19.7 (±3.4) μmol/L, and the mean HDL size was 9.1 (±0.5) nm. The univariable linear regression revealed a negative association between total HDL particle concentration and TTV load (st.β = -0.17, 95% CI st.β: -0.26 to -0.09, p < 0.001). An effect modification of smoking behavior influencing the association between HDL particle concentration and TTV load was observed (Pinteraction = 0.024). After adjustment for age, sex, alcohol intake, hemoglobin, eGFR, donor age, allograft vintage and the use of calcineurin inhibitors, the negative association between HDL particle concentration and TTV load remained statistically significant in the non-smoking population (st.β = -0.14, 95% CI st.β: -0.23 to -0.04, p = 0.006). Furthermore, an association between small HDL particle concentration and TTV load was found (st.β = -0.12, 95% CI st.β: -0.22 to -0.02, p = 0.017). Higher HDL particle concentrations were associated with a lower TTV load in kidney transplant recipients, potentially indicative of a higher immune function. Interventional studies are needed to provide causal evidence on the effects of HDL on the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jip Jonker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Caecilia S. E. Doorenbos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daan Kremer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edmund J. Gore
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Division of Clinical Virology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hubert G. M. Niesters
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Division of Clinical Virology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Coretta van Leer-Buter
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Division of Clinical Virology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Robin P. F. Dullaart
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan P. Berger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Stephan F. Sanders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan J. L. Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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10
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Price TR, Emfinger CH, Schueler KL, King S, Nicholson R, Beck T, Yandell BS, Summers SA, Holland WL, Krauss RM, Keller MP, Attie AD. Identification of genetic drivers of plasma lipoprotein size in the Diversity Outbred mouse population. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100471. [PMID: 37944753 PMCID: PMC10750189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite great progress in understanding lipoprotein physiology, there is still much to be learned about the genetic drivers of lipoprotein abundance, composition, and function. We used ion mobility spectrometry to survey 16 plasma lipoprotein subfractions in 500 Diversity Outbred mice maintained on a Western-style diet. We identified 21 quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting lipoprotein abundance. To refine the QTL and link them to disease risk in humans, we asked if the human homologs of genes located at each QTL were associated with lipid traits in human genome-wide association studies. Integration of mouse QTL with human genome-wide association studies yielded candidate gene drivers for 18 of the 21 QTL. This approach enabled us to nominate the gene encoding the neutral ceramidase, Asah2, as a novel candidate driver at a QTL on chromosome 19 for large HDL particles (HDL-2b). To experimentally validate Asah2, we surveyed lipoproteins in Asah2-/- mice. Compared to wild-type mice, female Asah2-/- mice showed an increase in several lipoproteins, including HDL. Our results provide insights into the genetic regulation of circulating lipoproteins, as well as mechanisms by which lipoprotein subfractions may affect cardiovascular disease risk in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara R Price
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Kathryn L Schueler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sarah King
- School of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rebekah Nicholson
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Tim Beck
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Brian S Yandell
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Scott A Summers
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - William L Holland
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ronald M Krauss
- School of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mark P Keller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Alan D Attie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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11
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Poliakova T, Wellington CL. Roles of peripheral lipoproteins and cholesteryl ester transfer protein in the vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:86. [PMID: 37974180 PMCID: PMC10652636 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00671-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This narrative review focuses on the role of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and peripheral lipoproteins in the vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). Humans have a peripheral lipoprotein profile where low-density lipoproteins (LDL) represent the dominant lipoprotein fraction and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) represent a minor lipoprotein fraction. Elevated LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels are well-established to cause cardiovascular disease and several LDL-C-lowering therapies are clinically available to manage this vascular risk factor. The efficacy of LDL-C-lowering therapies to reduce risk of all-cause dementia and AD is now important to address as recent studies demonstrate a role for LDL in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) as well as in all-cause dementia. The LDL:HDL ratio in humans is set mainly by CETP activity, which exchanges cholesteryl esters for triglycerides across lipoprotein fractions to raise LDL and lower HDL as CETP activity increases. Genetic and pharmacological studies support the hypothesis that CETP inhibition reduces cardiovascular risk by lowering LDL, which, by extension, may also lower VCID. Unlike humans, wild-type mice do not express catalytically active CETP and have HDL as their major lipoprotein fraction. As HDL has potent beneficial effects on endothelial cells, the naturally high HDL levels in mice protect them from vascular disorders, likely including VCID. Genetic restoration of CETP expression in mice to generate a more human-like lipid profile may increase the relevance of murine models for VCID studies. The therapeutic potential of existing and emerging LDL-lowering therapies for VCID will be discussed. Figure Legend. Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein in Alzheimer's Disease. CETP is mainly produced by the liver, and exchanges cholesteryl esters for triglycerides across lipoprotein fractions to raise circulating LDL and lower HDL as CETP activity increases. Low CETP activity is associated with better cardiovascular health, due to decreased LDL and increased HDL, which may also improve brain health. Although most peripheral lipoproteins cannot enter the brain parenchyma due to the BBB, it is increasingly appreciated that direct access to the vascular endothelium may enable peripheral lipoproteins to have indirect effects on brain health. Thus, lipoproteins may affect the cerebrovasculature from both sides of the BBB. Recent studies show an association between elevated plasma LDL, a well-known cardiovascular risk factor, and a higher risk of AD, and considerable evidence suggests that high HDL levels are associated with reduced CAA and lower neuroinflammation. Considering the potential detrimental role of LDL in AD and the importance of HDL's beneficial effects on endothelial cells, high CETP activity may lead to compromised BBB integrity, increased CAA deposits and greater neuroinflammation. Abbreviations: CETP - cholesteryl transfer ester protein; LDL - low-density lipoproteins; HDL - high-density lipoproteins; BBB - blood-brain barrier; CAA - cerebral amyloid angiopathy, SMC - smooth muscle cells, PVM - perivascular macrophages, RBC - red blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Poliakova
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Djavad Mowafagian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Cheryl L Wellington
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
- Djavad Mowafagian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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12
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Deets A, Joshi PH, Chandra A, Singh K, Khera A, Virani SS, Ballantyne CM, Otvos JD, Dullaart RPF, Gruppen EG, Connelly MA, Ayers C, Navar AM, Pandey A, Wilkins JT, Rohatgi A. Novel Size-Based High-Density Lipoprotein Subspecies and Incident Vascular Events. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e031160. [PMID: 37929707 PMCID: PMC10727395 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.031160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Background High-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle concentration likely outperforms HDL cholesterol in predicting atherosclerotic cardiovascular events. Whether size-based HDL subspecies explain the atheroprotective associations of HDL particle concentration remains unknown. Our objective was to assess whether levels of specific size-based HDL subspecies associate with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in a multiethnic pooled cohort and improve risk prediction beyond traditional atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk factors. Methods and Results Seven HDL size-based subspecies were quantified by nuclear magnetic resonance (LP4 algorithm; H1=smallest; H7=largest) among participants without prior atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities), MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis), PREVEND (Prevention of Renal and Vascular Endstage Disease), and DHS (Dallas Heart Study) cohorts (n=15 371 people). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association between HDL subspecies and incident myocardial infarction (MI) or ischemic stroke at follow-up (average 8-10 years) adjusting for HDL cholesterol and risk factors. Improvement in risk prediction was assessed via discrimination and reclassification analysis. Within the pooled cohort (median age 57 years; female 54%; Black 22%) higher H1 (small) and H4 (medium) concentrations were inversely associated with incident MI (hazard ratio [HR]/SD, H1 0.88 [95% CI, 0.81-0.94]; H4 0.89 [95% CI, 0.82-0.97]). H4 but not H1 improved risk prediction indices for incident MI. Increasing H2 and H4 were inversely associated with improved risk prediction indices for composite end point of stroke, MI, and cardiovascular death (HR/SD, H2 0.94 [95% CI, 0.88-0.99]; H4 0.91 [95% CI, 0.85-0.98]). Levels of the large subspecies (H6 and H7) were not associated with any vascular end point. Conclusions Two of 7 HDL size-based subspecies modestly improved risk prediction for MI and composite vascular end points in a large multiethnic pooled cohort. These findings support assessment of precise HDL subspecies for future studies regarding clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Deets
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX
| | | | - Alvin Chandra
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX
| | | | - Amit Khera
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX
| | - Salim S. Virani
- Michael E. Debakey Veteran Affairs Medical CenterHoustonTX
- Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTX
| | | | | | - Robin P. F. Dullaart
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Eke G. Gruppen
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Colby Ayers
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX
| | | | | | | | - Anand Rohatgi
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX
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13
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Yan J, Yang S, Han L, Ba X, Shen P, Lin W, Li T, Zhang R, Huang Y, Huang Y, Qin K, Wang Y, Tu S, Chen Z. Dyslipidemia in rheumatoid arthritis: the possible mechanisms. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1254753. [PMID: 37954591 PMCID: PMC10634280 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1254753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease, of which the leading cause of death is cardiovascular disease (CVD). The levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) in RA decrease especially under hyperinflammatory conditions. It is conflictive with the increased risk of CVD in RA, which is called "lipid paradox". The systemic inflammation may explain this apparent contradiction. The increased systemic proinflammatory cytokines in RA mainly include interleukin-6(IL-6)、interleukin-1(IL-1)and tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α). The inflammation of RA cause changes in the subcomponents and structure of HDL particles, leading to a weakened anti-atherosclerosis function and promoting LDL oxidation and plaque formation. Dysfunctional HDL can further worsen the abnormalities of LDL metabolism, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the specific mechanisms underlying lipid changes in RA and increased CVD risk remain unclear. Therefore, this article comprehensively integrates the latest existing literature to describe the unique lipid profile of RA, explore the mechanisms of lipid changes, and investigate the impact of lipid changes on cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Yan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sisi Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Han
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Ba
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pan Shen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiji Lin
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruiyuan Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Qin
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shenghao Tu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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14
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Jiménez-Osorio AS, Carreón-Torres E, Correa-Solís E, Ángel-García J, Arias-Rico J, Jiménez-Garza O, Morales-Castillejos L, Díaz-Zuleta HA, Baltazar-Tellez RM, Sánchez-Padilla ML, Flores-Chávez OR, Estrada-Luna D. Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Induced by Obesity, Gestational Diabetes, and Preeclampsia in Pregnancy: Role of High-Density Lipoproteins as Vectors for Bioactive Compounds. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1894. [PMID: 37891973 PMCID: PMC10604737 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are essential components in a myriad of pathogenic entities that lead to metabolic and chronic diseases. Moreover, inflammation in its different phases is necessary for the initiation and maintenance of a healthy pregnancy. Therefore, an equilibrium between a necessary/pathologic level of inflammation and oxidative stress during pregnancy is needed to avoid disease development. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are important for a healthy pregnancy and a good neonatal outcome. Their role in fetal development during challenging situations is vital for maintaining the equilibrium. However, in certain conditions, such as obesity, diabetes, and other cardiovascular diseases, it has been observed that HDL loses its protective properties, becoming dysfunctional. Bioactive compounds have been widely studied as mediators of inflammation and oxidative stress in different diseases, but their mechanisms of action are still unknown. Nonetheless, these agents, which are obtained from functional foods, increase the concentration of HDL, TRC, and antioxidant activity. Therefore, this review first summarizes several mechanisms of HDL participation in the equilibrium between inflammation and oxidative stress. Second, it gives an insight into how HDL may act as a vector for bioactive compounds. Third, it describes the relationships between the inflammation process in pregnancy and HDL activity. Consequently, different databases were used, including MEDLINE, PubMed, and Scopus, where scientific articles published in the English language up to 2023 were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Saraí Jiménez-Osorio
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hida go, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Hidalgo, Mexico; (A.S.J.-O.); (J.Á.-G.); (J.A.-R.); (O.J.-G.); (L.M.-C.); (R.M.B.-T.); (M.L.S.-P.); (O.R.F.-C.)
| | - Elizabeth Carreón-Torres
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Emmanuel Correa-Solís
- Instituto de Farmacobiología, Universidad de la Cañada, Carretera Teotitlán-San Antonio Nanahuatipán Km 1.7 s/n., Paraje Titlacuatitla, Teotitlán de Flores Magón 68540, Oaxaca, Mexico;
| | - Julieta Ángel-García
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hida go, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Hidalgo, Mexico; (A.S.J.-O.); (J.Á.-G.); (J.A.-R.); (O.J.-G.); (L.M.-C.); (R.M.B.-T.); (M.L.S.-P.); (O.R.F.-C.)
| | - José Arias-Rico
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hida go, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Hidalgo, Mexico; (A.S.J.-O.); (J.Á.-G.); (J.A.-R.); (O.J.-G.); (L.M.-C.); (R.M.B.-T.); (M.L.S.-P.); (O.R.F.-C.)
| | - Octavio Jiménez-Garza
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hida go, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Hidalgo, Mexico; (A.S.J.-O.); (J.Á.-G.); (J.A.-R.); (O.J.-G.); (L.M.-C.); (R.M.B.-T.); (M.L.S.-P.); (O.R.F.-C.)
| | - Lizbeth Morales-Castillejos
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hida go, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Hidalgo, Mexico; (A.S.J.-O.); (J.Á.-G.); (J.A.-R.); (O.J.-G.); (L.M.-C.); (R.M.B.-T.); (M.L.S.-P.); (O.R.F.-C.)
| | - Hugo Alexander Díaz-Zuleta
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, Cl. 222 #54-21, Bogotá 111166, Colombia;
| | - Rosa María Baltazar-Tellez
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hida go, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Hidalgo, Mexico; (A.S.J.-O.); (J.Á.-G.); (J.A.-R.); (O.J.-G.); (L.M.-C.); (R.M.B.-T.); (M.L.S.-P.); (O.R.F.-C.)
| | - María Luisa Sánchez-Padilla
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hida go, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Hidalgo, Mexico; (A.S.J.-O.); (J.Á.-G.); (J.A.-R.); (O.J.-G.); (L.M.-C.); (R.M.B.-T.); (M.L.S.-P.); (O.R.F.-C.)
| | - Olga Rocío Flores-Chávez
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hida go, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Hidalgo, Mexico; (A.S.J.-O.); (J.Á.-G.); (J.A.-R.); (O.J.-G.); (L.M.-C.); (R.M.B.-T.); (M.L.S.-P.); (O.R.F.-C.)
| | - Diego Estrada-Luna
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hida go, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Hidalgo, Mexico; (A.S.J.-O.); (J.Á.-G.); (J.A.-R.); (O.J.-G.); (L.M.-C.); (R.M.B.-T.); (M.L.S.-P.); (O.R.F.-C.)
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15
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Nieddu G, Formato M, Lepedda AJ. Searching for Atherosclerosis Biomarkers by Proteomics: A Focus on Lesion Pathogenesis and Vulnerability. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15175. [PMID: 37894856 PMCID: PMC10607641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plaque rupture and thrombosis are the most important clinical complications in the pathogenesis of stroke, coronary arteries, and peripheral vascular diseases. The identification of early biomarkers of plaque presence and susceptibility to ulceration could be of primary importance in preventing such life-threatening events. With the improvement of proteomic tools, large-scale technologies have been proven valuable in attempting to unravel pathways of atherosclerotic degeneration and identifying new circulating markers to be utilized either as early diagnostic traits or as targets for new drug therapies. To address these issues, different matrices of human origin, such as vascular cells, arterial tissues, plasma, and urine, have been investigated. Besides, proteomics was also applied to experimental atherosclerosis in order to unveil significant insights into the mechanisms influencing atherogenesis. This narrative review provides an overview of the last twenty years of omics applications to the study of atherogenesis and lesion vulnerability, with particular emphasis on lipoproteomics and vascular tissue proteomics. Major issues of tissue analyses, such as plaque complexity, sampling, availability, choice of proper controls, and lipoproteins purification, will be raised, and future directions will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonio Junior Lepedda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.N.); (M.F.); Antonio Junior Lepedda (A.J.L.)
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16
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Zhang Z, Wang R, He P, Dai Y, Duan S, Li M, Shen Z, Li X, Sun J. Study on the correlation and interaction between metals and dyslipidemia: a case-control study in Chinese community-dwelling elderly. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:105756-105769. [PMID: 37715907 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29695-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies on the association between metals and dyslipidemia are not completely consistent. There are few studies investigating the relationship between mixed metal exposure and dyslipidemia as well as the effects of metals on dyslipidemia in community-dwelling elderly. To evaluate the correlations and interaction effect between the urinary concentrations of metals and the risk of dyslipidemia in community-dwelling elderly. We designed a case-control study to assess the correlation between urine metals and dyslipidemia in elderly people in the Yinchuan. The urinary levels of 13 metals, including calcium, vanadium, iron, cobalt, zinc, copper, arsenic, selenium, molybdenum, cadmium, tellurium, and thallium, were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and the blood biochemical analyzer was used to measure the blood lipid levels of 3384 senior individuals from four different areas of Yinchuan city. Logistic regression and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to explore the correlation and dose-response relationship between urinary metals and the risk of dyslipidemia. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to select metals, and then weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression was used to explore the weight of each metal in mixed metals. Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) was used to explore the interactions between metals on dyslipidemia risk. (1) After selection by LASSO regression, in the multi-metal model, compared with the lowest quartile, the adjusted ORs (95%CI) of the highest quartiles were 0.47 (0.37-0.60) for Fe, 1.43 (1.13-1.83) for Zn, 1.46 (1.11-1.92) for As, 0.59 (0.44-0.80) for Se, 1.53 (1.18-2.00) for Mo, and 1.36 (1.07-1.73) for Te. (2) In the WQS regression model, Fe and Mo accounted for the largest weight in the negative and positive effects of dyslipidemia, respectively. (3) In the BKMR model, there may be a positive interaction between Te and Se on dyslipidemia. Among the mixed metals, Fe, As, Se, Mo, and Te were associated with the prevalence of dyslipidemia, with Fe and Mo contributing the most. There may be certain interactions between Te and Se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, No.1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750004, People's Republic of China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan Ningxia, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, No.1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750004, People's Republic of China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan Ningxia, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei He
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, No.1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750004, People's Republic of China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan Ningxia, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Dai
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, No.1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750004, People's Republic of China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan Ningxia, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Duan
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, No.1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750004, People's Republic of China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan Ningxia, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiyan Li
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, No.1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750004, People's Republic of China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan Ningxia, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoheng Shen
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, No.1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750004, People's Republic of China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan Ningxia, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, No.1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750004, People's Republic of China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan Ningxia, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Sun
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, No.1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750004, People's Republic of China.
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan Ningxia, 750004, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Thakkar H, Vincent V, Roy A, Singh A. High density lipoprotein heterogeneity & function among Indians with coronary artery disease. Indian J Med Res 2023; 158:292-302. [PMID: 37861624 PMCID: PMC10720966 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1212_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives Impaired high density lipoprotein (HDL) functionality has been shown to be associated with cardiovascular disease risk. The study was aimed to identify the alterations in HDL function [antioxidative activity (AOA)] and subfraction distribution between acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) individuals and analysing the accuracy of HDL parameters to discriminate between the groups. Methods HDL subfraction distribution analysis was performed in 200 coronary artery disease patients (ACS and SCAD) and 60 control individuals using dextran sulphate, heparin and manganese chloride precipitation method. In terms of HDL function, AOA was evaluated by dihydrorhodamine-based fluorescent cell-free assay and paraoxonase (PON1) enzyme paraoxonase and arylesterase activity. Results We found that higher AOA [odds ratio (95% confidence interval {CI})]: 0.09 (0.02-0.44), P<0.01 for SCAD; 0.008 (0.001-0.07), P<0.001 for ACS and higher PON1 activity [0.22 (0.8-0.59), P<0.01 for SCAD; 0.16 (0.06-0.4), P<0.001 for ACS] were associated with a lower odds of developing coronary artery disease (CAD). AOA of apoB-depleted serum was significantly correlated with HDL2-C/HDL3-C (HDL-cholesterol) ratio in controls (r=-0.31, P=0.01) and ACS (r=-0.18, P=0.04). It was observed that AOA and HDL subfraction distribution together could discriminate between the two groups of CAD with an accuracy of 72.8 per cent (P=0.004). Interpretation & conclusions Impaired AOA and altered subfraction distribution of HDL may be responsible for its diminished anti-athero protective activity and can discriminate between the two groups of CAD individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Thakkar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinnyfred Vincent
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ambuj Roy
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Archna Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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18
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Vavlukis A, Mladenovska K, Davalieva K, Vavlukis M, Dimovski A. Rosuvastatin effects on the HDL proteome in hyperlipidemic patients. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2023; 73:363-384. [PMID: 37708957 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2023-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The advancements in proteomics have provided a better understanding of the functionality of apolipoproteins and lipoprotein-associated proteins, with the HDL lipoprotein fraction being the most studied. The focus of this study was to evaluate the HDL proteome in dyslipidemic subjects without an established cardiovascular disease, as well as to test whether rosuvastatin treatment alters the HDL proteome. Patients with primary hypercholesterolemia or mixed dyslipidemia were assigned to 20 mg/day rosuvastatin and blood samples were drawn at study entry and after 12 weeks of treatment. A label-free LC-MS/MS protein profiling was conducted, coupled with bioinformatics analysis. Sixty-nine HDL proteins were identified, belonging to four main biological function clusters: lipid transport and metabolism; platelet activation, degranulation, and aggregation, wound response and wound healing; immune response; inflammatory and acute phase response. Five HDL proteins showed statistically significant differences in the abundance (Anova ≤ 0.05), before and after rosuvastatin treatment. Platelet factor 4 variant (PF4V1), Pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein 2 (PSG2), Profilin-1 (PFN1) and Keratin type II cytoskeletal 2 epidermal (KRT2) showed decreased expressions, while Integrin alpha-IIb (ITGA2B) showed an increased expression after treatment with rosuvastatin. The ELISA validation of PFN1 segregated the subjects into responders and non-responders, as PFN1 levels after rosuvastatin were shown to mostly depend on the subjects' inflammatory phenotype. Findings from this study introduce novel insights into the HDL proteome and statin pleiotropism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Vavlukis
- University Ss Cyril and Methodius Faculty of Pharmacy, 1000 Skopje RN Macedonia
| | | | - Katarina Davalieva
- Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Research Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology "Georgi D. Efremov", 1000 Skopje RN Macedonia
| | - Marija Vavlukis
- University Ss Cyril and Methodius Faculty of Medicine, 1000 Skopje RN Macedonia
| | - Aleksandar Dimovski
- University Ss Cyril and Methodius Faculty of Pharmacy, 1000 Skopje RN Macedonia
- Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Research Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology "Georgi D. Efremov", 1000 Skopje RN Macedonia
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19
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Guillas I, Lhomme M, Pionneau C, Matheron L, Ponnaiah M, Galier S, Lebreton S, Delbos M, Ma F, Darabi M, Khoury PE, Abifadel M, Couvert P, Giral P, Lesnik P, Guerin M, Le Goff W, Kontush A. Identification of the specific molecular and functional signatures of pre-beta-HDL: relevance to cardiovascular disease. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:33. [PMID: 37639039 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
While low concentrations of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) are widely accepted as an independent cardiovascular risk factor, HDL-C-rising therapies largely failed, suggesting the importance of both HDL functions and individual subspecies. Indeed HDL particles are highly heterogeneous, with small, dense pre-beta-HDLs being considered highly biologically active but remaining poorly studied, largely reflecting difficulties for their purification. We developed an original experimental approach allowing the isolation of sufficient amounts of human pre-beta-HDLs and revealing the specificity of their proteomic and lipidomic profiles and biological activities. Pre-beta-HDLs were enriched in highly poly-unsaturated species of phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylserine, and in an unexpectedly high number of proteins implicated in the inflammatory response, including serum paraoxonase/arylesterase-1, vitronectin and clusterin, as well as in complement regulation and immunity, including haptoglobin-related protein, complement proteins and those of the immunoglobulin class. Interestingly, amongst proteins associated with lipid metabolism, phospholipid transfer protein, cholesteryl ester transfer protein and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase were strongly enriched in, or restricted to, pre-beta-HDL. Furthermore, pre-beta-HDL potently mediated cellular cholesterol efflux and displayed strong anti-inflammatory activities. A correlational network analysis between lipidome, proteome and biological activities highlighted 15 individual lipid and protein components of pre-beta-HDL relevant to cardiovascular disease, which may constitute novel diagnostic targets in a pathological context of altered lipoprotein metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Guillas
- Inserm, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, Hôpital de la Pitié, Sorbonne Université, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Marie Lhomme
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), ICANalytics Lipidomic, Paris, France
| | - Cédric Pionneau
- Inserm, UMS Production et Analyse des données en Sciences de la vie et en Santé, PASS, Plateforme Post-Génomique de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, P3S, Sorbonne Université, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Lucrèce Matheron
- Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Maharajah Ponnaiah
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), ICANalytics Lipidomic, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Galier
- Inserm, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, Hôpital de la Pitié, Sorbonne Université, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Lebreton
- Université Paris Est Créteil, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Marie Delbos
- Inserm, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, Hôpital de la Pitié, Sorbonne Université, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Feng Ma
- Inserm, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, Hôpital de la Pitié, Sorbonne Université, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Maryam Darabi
- Inserm, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, Hôpital de la Pitié, Sorbonne Université, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Petra El Khoury
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pôle Technologie-Santé, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marianne Abifadel
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pôle Technologie-Santé, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
- INSERM LVTS U1148, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Couvert
- Inserm, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, Hôpital de la Pitié, Sorbonne Université, 75013, Paris, France
- Pôle de Biologie Médicale et Pathologie, Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Giral
- Inserm, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, Hôpital de la Pitié, Sorbonne Université, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Lesnik
- Inserm, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, Hôpital de la Pitié, Sorbonne Université, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Maryse Guerin
- Inserm, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, Hôpital de la Pitié, Sorbonne Université, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Wilfried Le Goff
- Inserm, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, Hôpital de la Pitié, Sorbonne Université, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Anatol Kontush
- Inserm, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, Hôpital de la Pitié, Sorbonne Université, 75013, Paris, France
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20
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Trites MJ, Stebbings BM, Aoki H, Phanse S, Akl MG, Li L, Babu M, Widenmaier SB. HDL functionality is dependent on hepatocyte stress defense factors Nrf1 and Nrf2. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1212785. [PMID: 37501930 PMCID: PMC10369849 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1212785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
High density lipoproteins (HDL) promote homeostasis and counteract stressful tissue damage that underlie cardiovascular and other diseases by mediating reverse cholesterol transport, reducing inflammation, and abrogating oxidative damage. However, metabolically stressful conditions associated with atherosclerosis can impair these effects. Hepatocytes play a major role in the genesis and maturation of circulating HDL, and liver stress elicits marked regulatory changes to circulating HDL abundance and composition, which affect its functionality. The mechanisms linking liver stress to HDL function are incompletely understood. In this study, we sought to determine whether stress defending transcription factors nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor-1 (Nrf1) and -2 (Nrf2) promote hepatocyte production of functional HDL. Using genetically engineered mice briefly fed a mild metabolically stressful diet, we investigated the effect of hepatocyte-specific deletion of Nrf1, Nrf2, or both on circulating HDL cholesterol, protein composition, and function. Combined deletion, but not single gene deletion, reduced HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 levels as well as the capacity of HDL to accept cholesterol undergoing efflux from cultured macrophages and to counteract tumor necrosis factor α-induced inflammatory effect on cultured endothelial cells. This coincided with substantial alteration to the HDL proteome, which correlated with liver gene expression profiles of corresponding proteins. Thus, our findings show complementary actions by hepatocyte Nrf1 and Nrf2 play a role in shaping HDL abundance and composition to promote production of functionally viable HDL. Consequently, our study illuminates the possibility that enhancing stress defense programming in the liver may improve atheroprotective and perhaps other health promoting actions of HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Trites
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Brynne M. Stebbings
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Hiroyuki Aoki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Sadhna Phanse
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - May G. Akl
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Mohan Babu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Scott B. Widenmaier
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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21
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Radford-Smith DE, Yates AG, Rizvi L, Anthony DC, Probert F. HDL and LDL have distinct, opposing effects on LPS-induced brain inflammation. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:54. [PMID: 37095493 PMCID: PMC10124044 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01817-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Endotoxemia and sepsis induce neuroinflammation and increase the risk of neurodegenerative disorders although the mechanism by which peripheral infection leads to brain inflammation is not well understood. While circulating serum lipoproteins are known immunometabolites with the potential to modulate the acute phase response and cross the blood brain barrier, their contribution to neuroinflammation during systemic infection is unknown. The objective of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms by which lipoprotein subclasses modulate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation. Adult C57BL/6 mice were divided into 6 treatment groups, including a sterile saline vehicle control group (n = 9), an LPS group (n = 11), a premixed LPS + HDL group (n = 6), a premixed LPS + LDL group (n = 5), a HDL only group (n = 6) and an LDL only group (n = 3). In all cases injections were administered intraperitoneally. LPS was administered at 0.5 mg/kg, and lipoproteins were administered at 20 mg/kg. Behavioural testing and tissue collection was performed 6 h post-injection. The magnitude of peripheral and central inflammation was determined by qPCR of pro-inflammatory genes in fresh liver and brain. Metabolite profiles of liver, plasma and brain were determined by 1H NMR. Endotoxin concentration in the brain was measured by the Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate (LAL) assay. Co-administration of LPS + HDL exacerbated both peripheral and central inflammation, whilst LPS + LDL attenuated this inflammation. Metabolomic analysis identified several metabolites significantly associated with LPS-induced inflammation, which were partially rescued by LDL, but not HDL. Endotoxin was detected at significantly greater concentrations in the brains of animals that received LPS + HDL compared to LPS + saline, but not those that received LPS + LDL. These results suggest that HDL may promote neuroinflammation through direct shuttling of endotoxin to the brain. In contrast, LDL was shown to have anti-neuroinflammatory properties in this study. Our results indicate that lipoproteins may be useful targets in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration associated with endotoxemia and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Radford-Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Abi G Yates
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Laila Rizvi
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel C Anthony
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fay Probert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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22
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Stadler JT, Scharnagl H, Wadsack C, Marsche G. Preeclampsia Affects Lipid Metabolism and HDL Function in Mothers and Their Offspring. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040795. [PMID: 37107170 PMCID: PMC10135112 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is linked to an overall increased cardiovascular risk for both the mother and child. Functional impairment of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) may contribute to the excess cardiovascular risk associated with PE. In this study, we investigated the effects of PE on maternal and neonatal lipid metabolism, and the parameters of HDL composition and function. The study cohort included 32 normotensive pregnant women, 18 women diagnosed with early-onset PE, and 14 women with late-onset PE. In mothers, early- and late-onset PE was associated with atherogenic dyslipidemia, characterized by high plasma triglycerides and low HDL-cholesterol levels. We observed a shift from large HDL to smaller HDL subclasses in early-onset PE, which was associated with an increased plasma antioxidant capacity in mothers. PE was further associated with markedly increased levels of HDL-associated apolipoprotein (apo) C-II in mothers, and linked to the triglyceride content of HDL. In neonates of early-onset PE, total cholesterol levels were increased, whereas HDL cholesterol efflux capacity was markedly reduced in neonates from late-onset PE. In conclusion, early- and late-onset PE profoundly affect maternal lipid metabolism, potentially contributing to disease manifestation and increased cardiovascular risk later in life. PE is also associated with changes in neonatal HDL composition and function, demonstrating that complications of pregnancy affect neonatal lipoprotein metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia T Stadler
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Hubert Scharnagl
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Wadsack
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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23
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Franczyk B, Gluba-Brzózka A, Ciałkowska-Rysz A, Ławiński J, Rysz J. The Impact of Aerobic Exercise on HDL Quantity and Quality: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054653. [PMID: 36902082 PMCID: PMC10003711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins comprise roughly 25-30% of the circulating proteins involved in the transport of lipids in circulation. These particles differ in size and lipid composition. Recent evidence suggests that the quality of HDL particles (which depends on shape, size and the composition of proteins and lipids determining HDL functionality) may be more important than their quantity. The functionality of HDL is mirrored by its cholesterol efflux activity, as well as its antioxidant (including the protection of LDL against oxidation), anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic properties. The results of many studies and meta-analyses imply the beneficial impact of aerobic exercise on HDL-C levels. Physical activity was found to be usually associated with an increase in HDL cholesterol and a decrease in LDL cholesterol and triglycerides. Exercise, apart from inducing quantitative alterations in serum lipids, exerts a beneficial impact on HDL particle maturation, composition and functionality. The Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Report underlined the importance of establishing a program recommending exercises that enable attainment of maximal advantage at the lowest level of risk. The aim of this manuscript is to review the impact of different types of aerobic exercise (various intensities and durations) on the level and quality of HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Franczyk
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Gluba-Brzózka
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-639-3750
| | | | - Janusz Ławiński
- Department of Urology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-055 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
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24
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Clarke R, Von Ende A, Schmidt LE, Yin X, Hill M, Hughes AD, Pechlaner R, Willeit J, Kiechl S, Watkins H, Theofilatos K, Hopewell JC, Mayr M. Apolipoprotein Proteomics for Residual Lipid-Related Risk in Coronary Heart Disease. Circ Res 2023; 132:452-464. [PMID: 36691918 PMCID: PMC9930889 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recognition of the importance of conventional lipid measures and the advent of novel lipid-lowering medications have prompted the need for more comprehensive lipid panels to guide use of emerging treatments for the prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD). This report assessed the relevance of 13 apolipoproteins measured using a single mass-spectrometry assay for risk of CHD in the PROCARDIS case-control study of CHD (941 cases/975 controls). METHODS The associations of apolipoproteins with CHD were assessed after adjustment for established risk factors and correction for statin use. Apolipoproteins were grouped into 4 lipid-related classes [lipoprotein(a), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides] and their associations with CHD were adjusted for established CHD risk factors and conventional lipids. Analyses of these apolipoproteins in a subset of the ASCOT trial (Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial) were used to assess their within-person variability and to estimate a correction for statin use. The findings in the PROCARDIS study were compared with those for incident cardiovascular disease in the Bruneck prospective study (n=688), including new measurements of Apo(a). RESULTS Triglyceride-carrying apolipoproteins (ApoC1, ApoC3, and ApoE) were most strongly associated with the risk of CHD (2- to 3-fold higher odds ratios for top versus bottom quintile) independent of conventional lipid measures. Likewise, ApoB was independently associated with a 2-fold higher odds ratios of CHD. Lipoprotein(a) was measured using peptides from the Apo(a)-kringle repeat and Apo(a)-constant regions, but neither of these associations differed from the association with conventionally measured lipoprotein(a). Among HDL-related apolipoproteins, ApoA4 and ApoM were inversely related to CHD, independent of conventional lipid measures. The disease associations with all apolipoproteins were directionally consistent in the PROCARDIS and Bruneck studies, with the exception of ApoM. CONCLUSIONS Apolipoproteins were associated with CHD independent of conventional risk factors and lipids, suggesting apolipoproteins could help to identify patients with residual lipid-related risk and guide personalized approaches to CHD risk reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Clarke
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (R.C., A.V.E., M.H., J.C.H.)
| | - Adam Von Ende
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (R.C., A.V.E., M.H., J.C.H.)
| | - Lukas E. Schmidt
- King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, United Kingdom (L.E.S., X.Y., K.T., M.M.)
| | - Xiaoke Yin
- King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, United Kingdom (L.E.S., X.Y., K.T., M.M.)
| | - Michael Hill
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (R.C., A.V.E., M.H., J.C.H.)
| | - Alun D. Hughes
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, Department of Population Science and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (A.D.H.)
| | - Raimund Pechlaner
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (R.P., J.W., S.K.)
| | - Johann Willeit
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (R.P., J.W., S.K.)
| | - Stefan Kiechl
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (R.P., J.W., S.K.)
- Research Centre on Vascular Ageing and Stroke, Innsbruck, Austria (S.K.)
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (H.W.)
| | - Konstantinos Theofilatos
- King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, United Kingdom (L.E.S., X.Y., K.T., M.M.)
| | - Jemma C. Hopewell
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (R.C., A.V.E., M.H., J.C.H.)
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, United Kingdom (L.E.S., X.Y., K.T., M.M.)
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25
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Castleberry M, Raby CA, Ifrim A, Shibata Y, Matsushita S, Ugawa S, Miura Y, Hori A, Miida T, Linton MF, Michell DL, Tsujita M, Vickers KC. High-density lipoproteins mediate small RNA intercellular communication between dendritic cells and macrophages. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100328. [PMID: 36626966 PMCID: PMC9929858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
HDL are dynamic transporters of diverse molecular cargo and play critical roles in lipid metabolism and inflammation. We have previously reported that HDL transport both host and nonhost small RNAs (sRNA) based on quantitative PCR and sRNA sequencing approaches; however, these methods require RNA isolation steps which have potential biases and may not isolate certain forms of RNA molecules from samples. HDL have also been reported to accept functional sRNAs from donor macrophages and deliver them to recipient endothelial cells; however, using PCR to trace HDL-sRNA intercellular communication has major limitations. The present study aims to overcome these technical barriers and further understand the pathways involved in HDL-mediated bidirectional flux of sRNAs between immune cells. To overcome these technical limitations, SYTO RNASelect, a lipid-penetrating RNA dye, was used to quantify a) overall HDL-sRNA content, b) bidirectional flux of sRNAs between HDL and immune cells, c) HDL-mediated intercellular communication between immune cells, and d) HDL-mediated RNA export changes in disease. Live cell imaging and loss-of-function assays indicate that the endo-lysosomal system plays a critical role in macrophage storage and export of HDL-sRNAs. These results identify HDL as a substantive mediator of intercellular communication between immune cells and demonstrate the importance of endocytosis for recipient cells of HDL-sRNAs. Utilizing a lipid-penetrating RNA-specific fluorescence dye, we were able to both quantify the absolute concentration of sRNAs transported by HDL and characterize HDL-mediated intercellular RNA transport between immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Castleberry
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Chase A. Raby
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anca Ifrim
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Shibata
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sachi Matsushita
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shinya Ugawa
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yutaka Miura
- Department of Nutrition, Shigakkan University, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hori
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Miida
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - MacRae F. Linton
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Danielle L. Michell
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Maki Tsujita
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kasey C. Vickers
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,For correspondence: Kasey C. Vickers; Mark Castleberry
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26
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Okamoto J, Wang L, Yin X, Luca F, Pique-Regi R, Helms A, Im HK, Morrison J, Wen X. Probabilistic integration of transcriptome-wide association studies and colocalization analysis identifies key molecular pathways of complex traits. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:44-57. [PMID: 36608684 PMCID: PMC9892769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrative genetic association methods have shown great promise in post-GWAS (genome-wide association study) analyses, in which one of the most challenging tasks is identifying putative causal genes and uncovering molecular mechanisms of complex traits. Recent studies suggest that prevailing computational approaches, including transcriptome-wide association studies (TWASs) and colocalization analysis, are individually imperfect, but their joint usage can yield robust and powerful inference results. This paper presents INTACT, a computational framework to integrate probabilistic evidence from these distinct types of analyses and implicate putative causal genes. This procedure is flexible and can work with a wide range of existing integrative analysis approaches. It has the unique ability to quantify the uncertainty of implicated genes, enabling rigorous control of false-positive discoveries. Taking advantage of this highly desirable feature, we further propose an efficient algorithm, INTACT-GSE, for gene set enrichment analysis based on the integrated probabilistic evidence. We examine the proposed computational methods and illustrate their improved performance over the existing approaches through simulation studies. We apply the proposed methods to analyze the multi-tissue eQTL data from the GTEx project and eight large-scale complex- and molecular-trait GWAS datasets from multiple consortia and the UK Biobank. Overall, we find that the proposed methods markedly improve the existing putative gene implication methods and are particularly advantageous in evaluating and identifying key gene sets and biological pathways underlying complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Okamoto
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Lijia Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xianyong Yin
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Francesca Luca
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Roger Pique-Regi
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Adam Helms
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hae Kyung Im
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jean Morrison
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xiaoquan Wen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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27
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Fadaei R, Davies SS. Oxidative modification of HDL by lipid aldehydes impacts HDL function. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 730:109397. [PMID: 36116503 PMCID: PMC9670862 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol correlate with increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and HDL performs functions including reverse cholesterol transport, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, and suppression of inflammation, that would appear critical for cardioprotection. However, several large clinical trials utilizing pharmacologic interventions that elevated HDL cholesterol levels failed to provide cardioprotection to at-risk individuals. The reasons for these unexpected results have only recently begun to be elucidated. HDL cholesterol levels and HDL function can be significantly discordant, so that elevating HDL cholesterol levels may not necessarily lead to increased functional capacity, particularly under conditions that cause HDL to become oxidatively modified, resulting in HDL dysfunction. Here we review evidence that oxidative modifications of HDL, including by reactive lipid aldehydes generated by lipid peroxidation, reduce HDL functionality and that dicarbonyl scavengers that protect HDL against lipid aldehyde modification are beneficial in pre-clinical models of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Fadaei
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sean S Davies
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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28
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Aranda-Lara L, Isaac-Olivé K, Ocampo-García B, Ferro-Flores G, González-Romero C, Mercado-López A, García-Marín R, Santos-Cuevas C, Estrada JA, Morales-Avila E. Engineered rHDL Nanoparticles as a Suitable Platform for Theranostic Applications. Molecules 2022; 27:7046. [PMID: 36296638 PMCID: PMC9610567 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Reconstituted high-density lipoproteins (rHDLs) can transport and specifically release drugs and imaging agents, mediated by the Scavenger Receptor Type B1 (SR-B1) present in a wide variety of tumor cells, providing convenient platforms for developing theranostic systems. Usually, phospholipids or Apo-A1 lipoproteins on the particle surfaces are the motifs used to conjugate molecules for the multifunctional purposes of the rHDL nanoparticles. Cholesterol has been less addressed as a region to bind molecules or functional groups to the rHDL surface. To maximize the efficacy and improve the radiolabeling of rHDL theranostic systems, we synthesized compounds with bifunctional agents covalently linked to cholesterol. This strategy means that the radionuclide was bound to the surface, while the therapeutic agent was encapsulated in the lipophilic core. In this research, HYNIC-S-(CH2)3-S-Cholesterol and DOTA-benzene-p-SC-NH-(CH2)2-NH-Cholesterol derivatives were synthesized to prepare nanoparticles (NPs) of HYNIC-rHDL and DOTA-rHDL, which can subsequently be linked to radionuclides for SPECT/PET imaging or targeted radiotherapy. HYNIC is used to complexing 99mTc and DOTA for labeling molecules with 111, 113mIn, 67, 68Ga, 177Lu, 161Tb, 225Ac, and 64Cu, among others. In vitro studies showed that the NPs of HYNIC-rHDL and DOTA-rHDL maintain specific recognition by SR-B1 and the ability to internalize and release, in the cytosol of cancer cells, the molecules carried in their core. The biodistribution in mice showed a similar behavior between rHDL (without surface modification) and HYNIC-rHDL, while DOTA-rHDL exhibited a different biodistribution pattern due to the significant reduction in the lipophilicity of the modified cholesterol molecule. Both systems demonstrated characteristics for the development of suitable theranostic platforms for personalized cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Aranda-Lara
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca 50180, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Keila Isaac-Olivé
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca 50180, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Blanca Ocampo-García
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Guillermina Ferro-Flores
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Carlos González-Romero
- Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca 50120, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Mercado-López
- Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca 50120, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo García-Marín
- Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca 50120, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Clara Santos-Cuevas
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - José A. Estrada
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca 50180, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Enrique Morales-Avila
- Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca 50120, Estado de México, Mexico
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29
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Negi P, Heikkilä T, Vuorenpää K, Tuunainen E, Nammas W, Maaniitty T, Knuuti J, Metso J, Lövgren J, Jauhiainen M, Lamminmäki U, Pettersson K, Saraste A. Time-resolved fluorescence based direct two-site apoA-I immunoassays and their clinical application in patients with suspected obstructive coronary artery disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:912578. [PMID: 36312264 PMCID: PMC9614376 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.912578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a heterogeneous group of subpopulations differing in protein/lipid composition and in their anti-atherogenic function. There is a lack of assays that can target the functionality of HDL particles related to atherosclerosis. The objective of this study was to construct two-site apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) assays and to evaluate their clinical performance in patients with suspected obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). Approach and results Direct two-site apoA-I assays (named 109-121 and 110-525) were developed to identify the presence of apoA-I in the HDL of patients with CAD using apoA-I antibodies as a single-chain variable fragment fused with alkaline phosphatase. ApoA-I109-121 and apoA-I110-525 were measured in 197 patients undergoing coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) and myocardial positron emission tomography perfusion imaging due to suspected obstructive CAD. Among patients not using lipid-lowering medication (LLM, n = 125), the level of apoA-I110-525 was higher in the presence than in the absence of coronary atherosclerosis [21.88 (15.89-27.44) mg/dl vs. 17.66 (13.38-24.48) mg/dl, P = 0.01)], whereas there was no difference in apoA-I109-121, HDL cholesterol, and apoA-I determined using a polyclonal apoA-I antibody. The levels of apoA-I109-121 and apoA-I110-525 were similar in the presence or absence of obstructive CAD. Among patients not using LLM, apoA-I110-525 adjusted for age and sex identified individuals with coronary atherosclerosis with a similar accuracy to traditional risk factors [area under the curve [AUC] (95% CI): 0.75(0.66-0.84) 0.71 (0.62-0.81)]. However, a combination of apoA-I110-525 with risk factors did not improve the accuracy [AUC (95% CI): 0.73 (0.64-0.82)]. Conclusion Direct two-site apoA-I assays recognizing heterogeneity in reactivity with apoA-I could provide a potential approach to identify individuals at a risk of coronary atherosclerosis. However, their clinical value remains to be studied in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Negi
- Department of Life Technologies/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,*Correspondence: Priyanka Negi
| | - Taina Heikkilä
- Department of Life Technologies/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Karoliina Vuorenpää
- Department of Life Technologies/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Emilia Tuunainen
- Department of Life Technologies/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Wail Nammas
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Teemu Maaniitty
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Juhani Knuuti
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jari Metso
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Genomics and Biobank Unit, Biomedicum 2U, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janita Lövgren
- Department of Life Technologies/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Jauhiainen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Genomics and Biobank Unit, Biomedicum 2U, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Urpo Lamminmäki
- Department of Life Technologies/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kim Pettersson
- Department of Life Technologies/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Saraste
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Antti Saraste
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30
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Pedrini S, Doecke JD, Hone E, Wang P, Thota R, Bush AI, Rowe CC, Dore V, Villemagne VL, Ames D, Rainey‐Smith S, Verdile G, Sohrabi HR, Raida MR, Taddei K, Gandy S, Masters CL, Chatterjee P, Martins R. Plasma high-density lipoprotein cargo is altered in Alzheimer's disease and is associated with regional brain volume. J Neurochem 2022; 163:53-67. [PMID: 36000528 PMCID: PMC9804612 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol levels have been repeatedly linked to Alzheimer's Disease (AD), suggesting that high levels could be detrimental, but this effect is likely attributed to Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. On the other hand, High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL) cholesterol levels have been associated with reduced brain amyloidosis and improved cognitive function. However, recent findings have suggested that HDL-functionality, which depends upon the HDL-cargo proteins associated with HDL, rather than HDL levels, appears to be the key factor, suggesting a quality over quantity status. In this report, we have assessed the HDL-cargo (Cholesterol, ApoA-I, ApoA-II, ApoC-I, ApoC-III, ApoD, ApoE, ApoH, ApoJ, CRP, and SAA) in stable healthy control (HC), healthy controls who will convert to MCI/AD (HC-Conv) and AD patients (AD). Compared to HC we observed an increased cholesterol/ApoA-I ratio in AD and HC-Conv, as well as an increased ApoD/ApoA-I ratio and a decreased ApoA-II/ApoA-I ratio in AD. Higher cholesterol/ApoA-I ratio was also associated with lower cortical grey matter volume and higher ventricular volume, while higher ApoA-II/ApoA-I and ApoJ/ApoA-I ratios were associated with greater cortical grey matter volume (and for ApoA-II also with greater hippocampal volume) and smaller ventricular volume. Additionally, in a clinical status-independent manner, the ApoE/ApoA-I ratio was significantly lower in APOE ε4 carriers and lowest in APOE ε4 homozygous. Together, these data indicate that in AD patients the composition of HDL is altered, which may affect HDL functionality, and such changes are associated with altered regional brain volumetric data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Pedrini
- School of Medical SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWestern AustraliaAustralia,CRC for Mental HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - James D. Doecke
- Australian E‐Health Research CentreCSIROBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Eugene Hone
- School of Medical SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWestern AustraliaAustralia,CRC for Mental HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Penghao Wang
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and EducationMurdoch UniversityMurdochWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Rohith Thota
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Department of Biomedical SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Ashley I. Bush
- CRC for Mental HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,The Florey Institute, The University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Christopher C. Rowe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PETAustin HealthHeidelbergVictoriaAustralia
| | - Vincent Dore
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PETAustin HealthHeidelbergVictoriaAustralia
| | | | - David Ames
- National Ageing Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia,University of Melbourne Academic unit for Psychiatry of Old AgeSt George's HospitalKewVictoriaAustralia
| | - Stephanie Rainey‐Smith
- School of Medical SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWestern AustraliaAustralia,Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures InstituteMurdoch UniversityMurdochWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Giuseppe Verdile
- Curtin Medical SchoolCurtin UniversityBentleyWestern AustraliaAustralia,Curtin Health Innovation Research InstituteCurtin UniversityBentleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Hamid R. Sohrabi
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures InstituteMurdoch UniversityMurdochWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Manfred R. Raida
- Life Science Institute, Singapore Lipidomics IncubatorNational University of SingaporeSingapore CitySingapore
| | - Kevin Taddei
- School of Medical SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWestern AustraliaAustralia,CRC for Mental HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Sam Gandy
- Department of NeurologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York CityNew YorkUSA
| | - Colin L. Masters
- The Florey Institute, The University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Pratishtha Chatterjee
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Department of Biomedical SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Ralph N. Martins
- School of Medical SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWestern AustraliaAustralia,CRC for Mental HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Department of Biomedical SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia,School of Psychiatry and Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
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31
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Bhale AS, Venkataraman K. Leveraging knowledge of HDLs major protein ApoA1: Structure, function, mutations, and potential therapeutics. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113634. [PMID: 36063649 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) is a member of the Apolipoprotein family of proteins. It's a vital protein that helps in the production of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, which are crucial for reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). It also has anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, anti-apoptotic, and anti-thrombotic properties. These functions interact to give HDL particles their cardioprotective characteristics. ApoA1 has recently been investigated for its potential role in atherosclerosis, diabetes, neurological diseases, cancer, and certain infectious diseases. Since ApoA1's discovery, numerous mutations have been reported that affect its structural integrity and alter its function. Hence these insights have led to the development of clinically relevant peptides and synthetic reconstituted HDL (rHDL) that mimics the function of ApoA1. As a result, this review has aimed to provide an organized explanation of our understanding of the ApoA1 protein structure and its role in various essential pathways. Furthermore, we have comprehensively reviewed the important ApoA1 mutations (24 mutations) that are reported to be involved in various diseases. Finally, we've focused on the therapeutic potentials of some of the beneficial mutations, small peptides, and synthetic rHDL that are currently being researched or developed, since these will aid in the development of novel therapeutics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Sudam Bhale
- Centre for Bio-Separation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnan Venkataraman
- Centre for Bio-Separation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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32
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Machado-Fragua MD, Landré B, Chen M, Fayosse A, Dugravot A, Kivimaki M, Sabia S, Singh-Manoux A. Circulating serum metabolites as predictors of dementia: a machine learning approach in a 21-year follow-up of the Whitehall II cohort study. BMC Med 2022; 20:334. [PMID: 36163029 PMCID: PMC9513883 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02519-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age is the strongest risk factor for dementia and there is considerable interest in identifying scalable, blood-based biomarkers in predicting dementia. We examined the role of midlife serum metabolites using a machine learning approach and determined whether the selected metabolites improved prediction accuracy beyond the effect of age. METHODS Five thousand three hundred seventy-four participants from the Whitehall II study, mean age 55.8 (standard deviation (SD) 6.0) years in 1997-1999 when 233 metabolites were quantified using nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics. Participants were followed for a median 21.0 (IQR 20.4, 21.7) years for clinically-diagnosed dementia (N=329). Elastic net penalized Cox regression with 100 repetitions of nested cross-validation was used to select models that improved prediction accuracy for incident dementia compared to an age-only model. Risk scores reflecting the frequency with which predictors appeared in the selected models were constructed, and their predictive accuracy was examined using Royston's R2, Akaike's information criterion, sensitivity, specificity, C-statistic and calibration. RESULTS Sixteen of the 100 models had a better c-statistic compared to an age-only model and 15 metabolites were selected at least once in all 16 models with glucose present in all models. Five risk scores, reflecting the frequency of selection of metabolites, and a 1-SD increment in all five risk scores was associated with higher dementia risk (HR between 3.13 and 3.26). Three of these, constituted of 4, 5 and 15 metabolites, had better prediction accuracy (c-statistic from 0.788 to 0.796) compared to an age-only model (c-statistic 0.780), all p<0.05. CONCLUSIONS Although there was robust evidence for the role of glucose in dementia, metabolites measured in midlife made only a modest contribution to dementia prediction once age was taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos D Machado-Fragua
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, 10 Avenue de Verdun, 75010, Paris, France.
| | - Benjamin Landré
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, 10 Avenue de Verdun, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Chen
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, 10 Avenue de Verdun, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Aurore Fayosse
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, 10 Avenue de Verdun, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Aline Dugravot
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, 10 Avenue de Verdun, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Séverine Sabia
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, 10 Avenue de Verdun, 75010, Paris, France.,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Archana Singh-Manoux
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, 10 Avenue de Verdun, 75010, Paris, France.,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
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33
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El Khoudary SR, Chen X, McConnell D, Brooks MM, Billheimer J, Orchard TJ. Associations of HDL subclasses and lipid content with complement proteins over the menopause transition: The SWAN HDL ancillary study: HDL and complement proteins in women. J Clin Lipidol 2022; 16:649-657. [PMID: 35987805 PMCID: PMC11218699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2022.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The menopause transition (MT) could trigger low-grade chronic inflammation which may modify high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and lead to additional inflammatory responses contributing to atherosclerosis development. OBJECTIVE To test whether complement proteins C3 and C4 increase around the final menstrual period (FMP), and whether changes in HDL subclasses and lipid content associate with C3 and C4 levels over time in midlife women. METHODS The study included 471 women (at baseline: age 50.2(2.7) years; 87.3% pre or peri-menopausal) who had nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy HDL subclasses, lipid content, and C3 and C4 measured up to 5 times over the MT. RESULTS Adjusted annual changes in C3 and C4 varied by time segments relative to FMP with significant increases, steeper for C3, only observed within 1 year before to 2 years after the FMP. Greater decreases in large HDL particles (HDL-P), HDL size, and HDL-phospholipids, and greater increases in small HDL-P and HDL-Triglycerides were associated with higher C3 and C4 over time, although associations with C4 were weaker than those with C3. CONCLUSION Complement proteins C3 and C4 significantly rise around menopause with C3 showing the steepest rise. Changes in HDL subclasses, overall size, and lipid content, over the MT may play a role in modulating inflammation responses known to be related to atherosclerosis. These results raise the possibility that novel therapeutic agents focusing on HDL might contribute to CVD protection by modulating inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar R El Khoudary
- University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Public Health Building, 130 De Soto St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA (Drs Khoudary, Chen, Brooks, and Orchard).
| | - Xirun Chen
- University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Public Health Building, 130 De Soto St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA (Drs Khoudary, Chen, Brooks, and Orchard).
| | - Dan McConnell
- University of Michigan Department of Epidemiology, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA (Dr McConnell).
| | - Maria M Brooks
- University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Public Health Building, 130 De Soto St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA (Drs Khoudary, Chen, Brooks, and Orchard).
| | - Jeff Billheimer
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA (Dr Billheimer).
| | - Trevor J Orchard
- University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Public Health Building, 130 De Soto St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA (Drs Khoudary, Chen, Brooks, and Orchard).
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34
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Association between Lipoprotein Subfractions, Hemostatic Potentials, and Coronary Atherosclerosis. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:2993309. [PMID: 36082237 PMCID: PMC9448618 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2993309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Dyslipidemias are associated with atherosclerotic plaque formation and a prothrombotic state, thus increasing the risk of both atherosclerotic vascular disease and atherothrombotic adverse events. We sought to explore the association between lipoprotein subfractions, overall hemostasis, and coronary calcifications in individuals at intermediate cardiovascular risk. Methods. Consecutive statin-naive individuals at intermediate cardiovascular risk referred for coronary artery calcium score (CACS) scanning were included. CACS was assessed using a 128-slice dual-source CT scanner. Traditional lipid profile, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions 2 and 3, and small dense low-density lipoproteins (sdLDL) were measured with commercially available assays. Overall hemostatic (OHP) and coagulation potentials (OCP) were measured spectrophotometrically, using fibrin aggregation curves after exposure to thrombin and recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator, respectively. Overall fibrinolytic potential (OFP) was calculated as a difference between the two areas under curves. Results. We included 160 patients (median age 63 (interquartile range (IQR), 56-71 years, 52% women, and median CACS 8, IQR 0-173 Agatston units). HDL3 levels—but not sdLDL or hemostatic potentials—were significantly associated with CACS zero, even after adjusting for age, sex, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and smoking history (OR 0.980 (0.962-0.999),
). HDL3 was also significantly associated with OCP (
,
adjusted for age and sex 0.037). Conclusions. In patients at intermediate cardiovascular risk, HDL3 is associated with both subclinical atherosclerosis and overall coagulation. Our findings are in line with studies reporting on an inverse relationship between HDL3 and atherosclerosis and provide one possible mechanistic explanation for the association between novel lipid biomarkers and coagulation derangements.
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Pi C, Wang J, Zhao D, Yu S. The determinants of collateral circulation status in patients with chronic cerebral arterial circle occlusion: A STROBE Study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29703. [PMID: 35777030 PMCID: PMC9239625 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The condition of collateral pathways is an important predictor of stroke prognoses; however the major determinants of collaterals are still unknown. The purpose of this study is to identify potentially determinants for collateral circulation status in patients with chronic occlusion of cerebral arterial circle. All patients with chronic occlusion of either unilateral internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery M1 or M2 segment, diagnosed by digital subtraction angiography at the neurology department of the First Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2015 to December 2017, were retrospectively collected in our sample. After screening according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, the patients' relevant clinical data were collected and analyzed. Collateral circulations were assessed by 2 independent raters using the American society of interventional and therapeutic neuroradiology/society of interventional radiology flow-grading system. Baseline characteristics (n = 163): our sample consists of 116 (71.2%) male and 47 (28.8%) female patients with an average age of 57.5 ± 11.9 years. Cerebral collateral flow was poor in 59 (36.2%) patients. Our univariate analyses showed that poor collateral circulation was associated with lower high-density lipoproteins cholesterol (HDL), elevated homocysteine levels, aging and hyperlipidemia. A multivariate analysis identified HDL, homocysteine levels and ageing as major predictors for collateral circulation status. In the subgroup analysis, the HDL contributed to collateral angiogenesis internal carotid artery occlusion group. In the middle cerebral artery occlusion group, the homocysteine and ageing were related to the poor collateral status. Low HDL, high levels of homocysteine and ageing are identified as possible risk factors for a poor collateral vessel blood flow in patients with chronic anterior circulation occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghui Pi
- Nankai University, College of Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dengfa Zhao
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shengyuan Yu
- Nankai University, College of Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Shengyuan Yu, College of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China )
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36
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Sacks F, Furtado J, Jensen M. Protein-based HDL subspecies: Rationale and association with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, stroke, and dementia. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Jarosz ŁS, Michalak K, Marek A, Hejdysz M, Ciszewski A, Kaczmarek S, Kwiecień M, Grądzki Z. The effect of feed supplementation with zinc glycine chelate and zinc sulphate on hepatic proteome profiles in chickens. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.104983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To critically appraise new insights into HDL structure and function in type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). RECENT FINDINGS In young T1DM patients with early renal impairment and a high inflammatory score, both HDL antioxidative activity and endothelial vasodilatory function were impaired, revealing a critical link between HDL dysfunction, subclinical vascular damage, systemic inflammation and end organ damage. HDL may inhibit development of T2DM by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptotic loss of pancreatic β-cells, an effect due in part to ABC transporter-mediated efflux of specific oxysterols with downstream activation of the hedghehog signalling receptor, Smoothened. The apoM-sphingosine-1-phosphate complex is critical to HDL antidiabetic activity, encompassing protection against insulin resistance, promotion of insulin secretion, enhanced β-cell survival and inhibition of hepatic glucose production. Structure-function studies of HDL in hyperglycemic, dyslipidemic T2DM patients revealed both gain and loss of lipidomic and proteomic components. Such changes attenuated both the optimal protective effects of HDL on mitochondrial function and its capacity to inhibit endothelial cell apoptosis. Distinct structural components associated with individual HDL functions. SUMMARY Extensive evidence indicates that both the proteome and lipidome of HDL are altered in T1DM and T2DM, with impairment of multiple functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. John Chapman
- Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne University
- Endocrinology and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Pitie-Salpetriere University Hospital
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris, France
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39
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Woollett LA, Catov JM, Jones HN. Roles of maternal HDL during pregnancy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159106. [PMID: 34995789 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High density lipoproteins (HDL) were first linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) over 30 years ago when an inverse relationship was shown between CVD and HDL-cholesterol levels. It is now apparent that HDL composition and function, not cholesterol levels, are the pertinent measurements describing HDL's role in various disease processes, especially those with subclinical or overt inflammation. SCOPE OF REVIEW Pregnancy is also an inflammatory state. When inflammation becomes excessive during pregnancy, there is an increased risk for adverse outcomes that affect the health of the mother and fetus, including preterm birth and preeclampsia. Though studies on HDL during pregnancy are limited, recent evidence demonstrates that HDL composition and function change during pregnancy and in women with adverse outcomes. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE In this review, we will discuss how HDL may play a role in maintaining a healthy pregnancy and how impairments in function could lead to pregnancies with adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Woollett
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical School, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America.
| | - Janet M Catov
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Magee Women's Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America.
| | - Helen N Jones
- Center for Research in Perinatal Outcomes, Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America; Center for Research in Perinatal Outcomes, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
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40
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Davidson WS, Shah AS, Sexmith H, Gordon SM. The HDL Proteome Watch: Compilation of studies leads to new insights on HDL function. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159072. [PMID: 34800735 PMCID: PMC8715479 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW High density lipoproteins (HDL) are a heterogeneous family of particles that contain distinct complements of proteins that define their function. Thus, it is important to accurately and sensitively identify proteins associated with HDL. Here we highlight the HDL Proteome Watch Database which tracks proteomics studies from different laboratories across the world. RECENT FINDINGS In 45 published reports, almost 1000 individual proteins have been detected in preparations of HDL. Of these, 251 have been identified in at least three different laboratories. The known functions of these consensus HDL proteins go well beyond traditionally recognized roles in lipid transport with many proteins pointing to HDL functions in innate immunity, inflammation, cell adhesion, hemostasis and protease regulation, and even vitamin and metal binding. SUMMARY The HDL proteome derived across multiple studies using various methodologies provides confidence in protein identifications that can offer interesting new insights into HDL function. We also point out significant issues that will require additional study going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Sean Davidson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, United States of America.
| | - Amy S Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States of America.
| | - Hannah Sexmith
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States of America.
| | - Scott M Gordon
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America.
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Praja RK, Wongwattanakul M, Tippayawat P, Phoksawat W, Jumnainsong A, Sornkayasit K, Leelayuwat C. Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) Spectroscopy Discriminates the Elderly with a Low and High Percentage of Pathogenic CD4+ T Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030458. [PMID: 35159268 PMCID: PMC8834052 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the aging process, the presence of interleukin (IL)-17-producing CD4+CD28-NKG2D+T cells (called pathogenic CD4+ T cells) is strongly associated with inflammation and the development of various diseases. Thus, their presence needs to be monitored. The emergence of attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy empowered with machine learning is a breakthrough in the field of medical diagnostics. This study aimed to discriminate between the elderly with a low percentage (LP; ≤3%) and a high percentage (HP; ≥6%) of pathogenic CD4+CD28-NKG2D+IL17+ T cells by utilizing ATR-FTIR coupled with machine learning algorithms. ATR spectra of serum, exosome, and HDL from both groups were explored in this study. Only exosome spectra in the 1700–1500 cm−1 region exhibited possible discrimination for the LP and HP groups based on principal component analysis (PCA). Furthermore, partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) could differentiate both groups using the 1700–1500 cm−1 region of exosome ATR spectra with 64% accuracy, 69% sensitivity, and 61% specificity. To obtain better classification performance, several spectral models were then established using advanced machine learning algorithms, including J48 decision tree, support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and neural network (NN). Herein, NN was considered to be the best model with an accuracy of 100%, sensitivity of 100%, and specificity of 100% using serum spectra in the region of 1800–900 cm−1. Exosome spectra in the 1700–1500 and combined 3000–2800 and 1800–900 cm−1 regions using the NN algorithm gave the same accuracy performance of 95% with a variation in sensitivity and specificity. HDL spectra with the NN algorithm also showed excellent test performance in the 1800–900 cm−1 region with 97% accuracy, 100% sensitivity, and 95% specificity. This study demonstrates that ATR-FTIR coupled with machine learning algorithms can be used to study immunosenescence. Furthermore, this approach can possibly be applied to monitor the presence of pathogenic CD4+ T cells in the elderly. Due to the limited number of samples used in this study, it is necessary to conduct a large-scale study to obtain more robust classification models and to assess the true clinical diagnostic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rian Ka Praja
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
- The Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (M.W.); (P.T.); (A.J.); (K.S.)
| | - Molin Wongwattanakul
- The Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (M.W.); (P.T.); (A.J.); (K.S.)
| | - Patcharaporn Tippayawat
- The Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (M.W.); (P.T.); (A.J.); (K.S.)
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wisitsak Phoksawat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Amonrat Jumnainsong
- The Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (M.W.); (P.T.); (A.J.); (K.S.)
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Sciences, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Kanda Sornkayasit
- The Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (M.W.); (P.T.); (A.J.); (K.S.)
| | - Chanvit Leelayuwat
- The Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (M.W.); (P.T.); (A.J.); (K.S.)
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Sciences, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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HDL Structure. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1377:1-11. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-1592-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Thakkar H, Vincent V, Roy A, Gautam AK, Kutum R, Ramakrishnan L, Singh S, Singh A. Determinants of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) functions beyond proteome in Asian Indians: exploring the fatty acid profile of HDL phospholipids. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 477:559-570. [PMID: 34843015 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04304-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Impaired high-density lipoprotein (HDL) functions are associated with development of coronary artery disease. In this study, we explored the quantitative differences in HDL (i.e. HDL proteome and fatty acid profile of HDL phospholipids) underlying the functional deficits associated with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The relationship between HDL function and composition was assessed in 65 consecutive ACS patients and 40 healthy controls. Cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) of HDL and lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) activity were significantly lower in patients with ACS compared to controls. In HDL proteome analysis, HDL isolated from ACS individuals was enriched in apolipoprotein C2 (inhibitor of LCAT), apolipoprotein C4 and serum amyloid A proteins and was deficient in apolipoprotein A-I and A-II. The fatty acid profile of HDL phospholipids analyzed using gas chromatography showed significantly lower percentages of stearic acid (17.4 ± 2.4 vs 15.8 ± 2.8, p = 0.004) and omega-3 fatty acids [eicosapentaenoic acid (1.0 (0.6-1.4) vs 0.7 (0.4-1.0), p = 0.009) and docosahexaenoic acid (1.5 ± 0.7 vs 1.3 ± 0.5, p = 0.03)] in ACS patients compared to controls. Lower percentages of these fatty acids in HDL were associated with higher odds of developing ACS. Our results suggest that distinct phospholipid fatty acid profiles found in HDL from ACS patients could be one of the contributing factors to the deranged HDL functions in these patients apart from the protein content and the inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Thakkar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinnyfred Vincent
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ambuj Roy
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Gautam
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rintu Kutum
- Informatics and Big Data Unit, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India
| | - Lakshmy Ramakrishnan
- Department of Cardiac Biochemistry, Cardiothoracic and Neurosciences Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Archna Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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HDL proteome remodeling associates with COVID-19 severity. J Clin Lipidol 2021; 15:796-804. [PMID: 34802985 PMCID: PMC8557113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Besides the well-accepted role in lipid metabolism, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) also seems to participate in host immune response against infectious diseases. Objective: We used a quantitative proteomic approach to test the hypothesis that alterations in HDL proteome associate with severity of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods Based on clinical criteria, subjects (n=41) diagnosed with COVID-19 were divided into two groups: a group of subjects presenting mild symptoms and a second group displaying severe symptoms and requiring hospitalization. Using a proteomic approach, we quantified the levels of 29 proteins in HDL particles derived from these subjects. Results We showed that the levels of serum amyloid A 1 and 2 (SAA1 and SAA2, respectively), pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B (SFTPB), apolipoprotein F (APOF), and inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4 (ITIH4) were increased by more than 50% in hospitalized patients, independently of sex, HDL-C or triglycerides when comparing with subjects presenting only mild symptoms. Altered HDL proteins were able to classify COVID-19 subjects according to the severity of the disease (error rate 4.9%). Moreover, apolipoprotein M (APOM) in HDL was inversely associated with odds of death due to COVID-19 complications (odds ratio [OR] per 1-SD increase in APOM was 0.27, with 95% confidence interval [CI] of 0.07 to 0.72, P=0.007). Conclusion Our results point to a profound inflammatory remodeling of HDL proteome tracking with severity of COVID-19 infection. They also raise the possibility that HDL particles could play an important role in infectious diseases.
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45
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Alternative Method for HDL and Exosome Isolation with Small Serum Volumes and Their Characterizations. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8110204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) and exosomes are promising sources of biomarkers. However, the limited sample volume and access to the ultracentrifuge equipment are still an issue during HDL and exosome isolation. This study aimed to isolate HDL and exosomes using an ultracentrifugation-free method with various small serum volumes. HDL was isolated from 200 µL (HDL200) and 500 µL (HDL500) of sera. Three different volumes: 50 µL (Exo50), 100 µL (Exo100), and 250 µL (Exo250) were used for exosome isolation. HDL and exosomes were isolated using commercial kits with the modified method and characterized by multiple approaches. The HDL levels of HDL200 and HDL500 were not significantly different (p > 0.05), with percent recoveries of >90%. HDL200 and HDL500 had the same protein pattern with a biochemical similarity of 99.60 ± 0.10%. The particle sizes of Exo50, Exo100, and Exo250 were in the expected range. All isolated exosomes exhibited a similar protein pattern with a biochemical similarity of >99%. In conclusion, two different serum volumes (200 and 500 µL) and three different serum volumes (50, 100, and 250 µL) can be employed for HDL and exosome isolation, respectively. The possibility of HDL and exosome isolation with small volumes will accelerate biomarker discoveries with various molecular diagnostic approaches.
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46
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Koch M, Aroner SA, Fitzpatrick AL, Longstreth WT, Furtado JD, Mukamal KJ, Jensen MK. HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) Subspecies, Prevalent Covert Brain Infarcts, and Incident Overt Ischemic Stroke: Cardiovascular Health Study. Stroke 2021; 53:1292-1300. [PMID: 34645286 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.121.034299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Whether HDL (high-density lipoprotein) is associated with risk of vascular brain injury is unclear. HDL is comprised of many apo (apolipoprotein) species, creating distinct subtypes of HDL. METHODS We utilized sandwich ELISA to determine HDL subspecies from plasma collected in 1998/1999 from 2001 CHS (Cardiovascular Health Study) participants (mean age, 80 years). RESULTS In cross-sectional analyses, participants with higher apoA1 in plasma and lower apoE in HDL were less likely to have prevalent covert magnetic resonance imaging-defined infarcts: odds ratio for apoA1 Q4 versus Q1, 0.68 (95% CI, 0.50-0.93), and odds ratio for apoE Q4 versus Q1, 1.36 (95% CI, 1.01-1.84). Similarly, apoA1 in the subspecies of HDL that lacked apoC3, apoJ, or apoE was inversely related to covert infarcts, and apoE in the subspecies of HDL that lacked apoC3 or apoJ was directly related to covert infarcts in prospective analyses. In contrast, the concentrations of apoA1 and apoE in the complementary subspecies of HDL that contained these apos were unrelated to covert infarcts. Patterns of associations between incident overt ischemic stroke and apoA1, apoE, and apoA1 and apoE in subspecies of HDL were similar to those observed for covert infarcts but less pronounced. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights HDL subspecies defined by apo content as relevant biomarkers of covert and overt vascular brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manja Koch
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (M.K., S.A.A., J.D.F., K.J.M., M.K.J.)
| | - Sarah A Aroner
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (M.K., S.A.A., J.D.F., K.J.M., M.K.J.).,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (S.A.A.)
| | - Annette L Fitzpatrick
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle. (A.L.F.).,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle. (A.L.F.).,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle. (A.L.F.)
| | - W T Longstreth
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle. (W.T.L.).,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle. (W.T.L.)
| | - Jeremy D Furtado
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (M.K., S.A.A., J.D.F., K.J.M., M.K.J.)
| | - Kenneth J Mukamal
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (M.K., S.A.A., J.D.F., K.J.M., M.K.J.).,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (K.J.M.)
| | - Majken K Jensen
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (M.K., S.A.A., J.D.F., K.J.M., M.K.J.).,Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (M.K.J.)
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Zanotti I, Potì F, Cuchel M. HDL and reverse cholesterol transport in humans and animals: Lessons from pre-clinical models and clinical studies. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1867:159065. [PMID: 34637925 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability to accept cholesterol from cells and to promote reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) represents the best characterized antiatherogenic function of HDL. Studies carried out in animal models have unraveled the multiple mechanisms by which these lipoproteins drive cholesterol efflux from macrophages and cholesterol uptake to the liver. Moreover, the influence of HDL composition and the role of lipid transporters have been clarified by using suitable transgenic models or through experimental design employing pharmacological or nutritional interventions. Cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), an in vitro assay developed to offer a measure of the first step of RCT, has been shown to associate with cardiovascular risk in several human cohorts, supporting the atheroprotective role of RCT in humans as well. However, negative data in other cohorts have raised concerns on the validity of this biomarker. In this review we will present the most relevant data documenting the role of HDL in RCT, as assessed in classical or innovative methodological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Zanotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Francesco Potì
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Unità di Neuroscienze, Università di Parma, Via Volturno 39/F, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Marina Cuchel
- Division of Translational Medicine & Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Altered HDL Proteome Predicts Incident CVD in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100135. [PMID: 34634315 PMCID: PMC8566900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at high risk for CVD. However, traditional lipid risk factors, including low HDL levels, cannot completely explain the increased risk. Altered HDL proteome is linked with both CVD and CKD, but the role of HDL proteins in incident CVD events in patients with CKD is unknown. In this prospective case-control study, we used targeted proteomics to quantify 31 HDL proteins in 92 subjects (46 incident new CVD and 46 one-to-one matched controls) at various stages of CKD. We tested associations of HDL proteins with incident CVD using matched logistic regression analysis. In the model fully adjusted for clinical confounders, lipid levels, C-reactive protein, and proteinuria, no significant associations were found for HDL-C, but we observed inverse associations between levels of HDL proteins paraoxonase/arylesterase 1 (PON1), paraoxonase/arylesterase 3 (PON3), and LCAT and incident CVD. Odds ratios (per 1 SD) were 0.38 (0.18–0.97, P = 0.042), 0.42 (0.20–0.92, P = 0.031), and 0.30 (0.11–0.83, P = 0.020) for PON1, PON3, and LCAT, respectively. Apolipoprotein A-IV remained associated with incident CVD in CKD patients in models adjusted for clinical confounders and lipid levels but lost significance with the addition of C-reactive protein and proteinuria to the model. In conclusion, levels of four HDL proteins, PON1, PON3, LCAT, and apolipoprotein A-IV, were found to be inversely associated with incident CVD events in CKD patients. Our observations indicate that HDLs' protein cargo, but not HDL-C levels, can serve as a marker—and perhaps mediator—for elevated CVD risk in CKD patients.
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Abstract
Plasma HDL-cholesterol concentrations correlate negatively with the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). According to a widely cited model, HDL elicits its atheroprotective effect through its role in reverse cholesterol transport, which comprises the efflux of cholesterol from macrophages to early forms of HDL, followed by the conversion of free cholesterol (FCh) contained in HDL into cholesteryl esters, which are hepatically extracted from the plasma by HDL receptors and transferred to the bile for intestinal excretion. Given that increasing plasma HDL-cholesterol levels by genetic approaches does not reduce the risk of ASCVD, the focus of research has shifted to HDL function, especially in the context of macrophage cholesterol efflux. In support of the reverse cholesterol transport model, several large studies have revealed an inverse correlation between macrophage cholesterol efflux to plasma HDL and ASCVD. However, other studies have cast doubt on the underlying reverse cholesterol transport mechanism: in mice and humans, the FCh contained in HDL is rapidly cleared from the plasma (within minutes), independently of esterification and HDL holoparticle uptake by the liver. Moreover, the reversibility of FCh transfer between macrophages and HDL has implicated the reverse process - that is, the transfer of FCh from HDL to macrophages - in the aetiology of increased ASCVD under conditions of very high plasma HDL-FCh concentrations.
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Kluck GEG, Yoo JA, Sakarya EH, Trigatti BL. Good Cholesterol Gone Bad? HDL and COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10182. [PMID: 34638523 PMCID: PMC8507803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The transmissible respiratory disease COVID-19, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has affected millions of people worldwide since its first reported outbreak in December of 2019 in Wuhan, China. Since then, multiple studies have shown an inverse correlation between the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles and the severity of COVID-19, with low HDL levels being associated with an increased risk of severe outcomes. Some studies revealed that HDL binds to SARS-CoV-2 particles via the virus's spike protein and, under certain conditions, such as low HDL particle concentrations, it facilitates SARS-CoV-2 binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and infection of host cells. Other studies, however, reported that HDL suppressed SARS-CoV-2 infection. In both cases, the ability of HDL to enhance or suppress virus infection appears to be dependent on the expression of the HDL receptor, namely, the Scavenger Receptor Class B type 1 (SR-B1), in the target cells. SR-B1 and HDL represent crucial mediators of cholesterol metabolism. Herein, we review the complex role of HDL and SR-B1 in SARS-CoV-2-induced disease. We also review recent advances in our understanding of HDL structure, properties, and function during SARS-CoV-2 infection and the resulting COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bernardo L. Trigatti
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON L8L 2X2, Canada; (G.E.G.K.); (J.-A.Y.); (E.H.S.)
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