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Coulter AA, Greenway FL, Zhang D, Ghosh S, Coulter CR, James SL, He Y, Cusimano LA, Rebello CJ. Naringenin and β-carotene convert human white adipocytes to a beige phenotype and elevate hormone- stimulated lipolysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1148954. [PMID: 37143734 PMCID: PMC10153092 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1148954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Naringenin, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) activator found in citrus fruits, upregulates markers of thermogenesis and insulin sensitivity in human adipose tissue. Our pharmacokinetics clinical trial demonstrated that naringenin is safe and bioavailable, and our case report showed that naringenin causes weight loss and improves insulin sensitivity. PPARs form heterodimers with retinoic-X-receptors (RXRs) at promoter elements of target genes. Retinoic acid is an RXR ligand metabolized from dietary carotenoids. The carotenoid β-carotene reduces adiposity and insulin resistance in clinical trials. Our goal was to examine if carotenoids strengthen the beneficial effects of naringenin on human adipocyte metabolism. Methods Human preadipocytes from donors with obesity were differentiated in culture and treated with 8µM naringenin + 2µM β-carotene (NRBC) for seven days. Candidate genes involved in thermogenesis and glucose metabolism were measured as well as hormone-stimulated lipolysis. Results We found that β-carotene acts synergistically with naringenin to boost UCP1 and glucose metabolism genes including GLUT4 and adiponectin, compared to naringenin alone. Protein levels of PPARα, PPARγ and PPARγ-coactivator-1α, key modulators of thermogenesis and insulin sensitivity, were also upregulated after treatment with NRBC. Transcriptome sequencing was conducted and the bioinformatics analyses of the data revealed that NRBC induced enzymes for several non-UCP1 pathways for energy expenditure including triglyceride cycling, creatine kinases, and Peptidase M20 Domain Containing 1 (PM20D1). A comprehensive analysis of changes in receptor expression showed that NRBC upregulated eight receptors that have been linked to lipolysis or thermogenesis including the β1-adrenergic receptor and the parathyroid hormone receptor. NRBC increased levels of triglyceride lipases and agonist-stimulated lipolysis in adipocytes. We observed that expression of RXRγ, an isoform of unknown function, was induced ten-fold after treatment with NRBC. We show that RXRγ is a coactivator bound to the immunoprecipitated PPARγ protein complex from white and beige human adipocytes. Discussion There is a need for obesity treatments that can be administered long-term without side effects. NRBC increases the abundance and lipolytic response of multiple receptors for hormones released after exercise and cold exposure. Lipolysis provides the fuel for thermogenesis, and these observations suggest that NRBC has therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann A. Coulter
- Computational Biology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Frank L. Greenway
- Clinical Trials, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Dachuan Zhang
- Biostatistics, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Adjunct Faculty, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Cathryn R. Coulter
- Computational Biology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Sarah L. James
- Computational Biology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Yanlin He
- Brain Glycemic and Metabolism Control, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Luke A. Cusimano
- Cusimano Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Candida J. Rebello
- Nutrition and Chronic Disease, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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Meng M, Li X, Huo R, Chang G, Shen X. Effects of dietary disodium fumarate supplementation on muscle quality, chemical composition, oxidative stress and lipid metabolism of Hu sheep induced by high concentrate diet. Meat Sci 2023; 201:109176. [PMID: 37023594 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Long-term feeding of high-concentrate (HC) diet causes the decrease of rumen pH, and induces subacute rumen acidosis (SARA), which results in metabolic disorders in sheep. This not only reduces animal performance, but also increases the risk of oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction. Disodium fumarate can improve the rumen buffering capacity and increase rumen pH. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of high concentrate diet on muscle quality, chemical composition, oxidative damage and lipid metabolism of Hu sheep, and the regulating effect of disodium fumarate. The results showed that HC diet induced SARA by reducing rumen pH value, thus causing oxidative stress and lipid metabolism disorder in longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle of Hu sheep, which also reduced meat quality by increasing shear force, drip loss, cooking loss, chewiness and hardness, and reducing the contents of crude fat and crude protein in LL muscle. However, disodium fumarate can improve meat quality of SARA Hu sheep by regulating rumen pH, inhibiting muscle oxidative stress and promoting lipid metabolism.
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Gao H, Li Y, Chen X. Interactions between nuclear receptors glucocorticoid receptor α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α form a negative feedback loop. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:893-903. [PMID: 35476174 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-022-09725-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Both nuclear receptors glucocorticoid receptor α (GRα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) are involved in energy and lipid metabolism, and possess anti-inflammation effects. Previous studies indicate that a regulatory loop may exist between them. In vivo and in vitro studies showed that glucocorticoids stimulate hepatic PPARα expression via GRα at the transcriptional level. This stimulation of PPARα by GRα has physiological relevance and PPARα is involved in many glucocorticoid-induced pathophysiological processes, including gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis during fasting, insulin resistance, hypertension and anti-inflammatory effects. PPARα also synergizes with GRα to promote erythroid progenitor self-renewal. As the feedback, PPARα inhibits glucocorticoid actions at pre-receptor and receptor levels. PPARα decreases glucocorticoid production through inhibiting the expression and activity of type-1 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, which converts inactive glucocorticoids to active glucocorticoids at local tissues, and also down-regulates hepatic GRα expression, thus forming a complete and negative feedback loop. This negative feedback loop sheds light on prospective multi-drug therapeutic treatments in inflammatory diseases through a combination of glucocorticoids and PPARα agonists. This combination may potentially enhance the anti-inflammatory effects while alleviating side effects on glucose and lipid metabolism due to GRα activation. More investigations are needed to clarify the underlying mechanism and the relevant physiological or pathological significance of this regulatory loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjiao Gao
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (the First People's Hospital of Zunyi), 563002, Zunyi, China
| | - Yujue Li
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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Vuerich M, Wang N, Graham JJ, Gao L, Zhang W, Kalbasi A, Zhang L, Csizmadia E, Hristopoulos J, Ma Y, Kokkotou E, Cheifetz AS, Robson SC, Longhi MS. Blockade of PGK1 and ALDOA enhances bilirubin control of Th17 cells in Crohn's disease. Commun Biol 2022; 5:994. [PMID: 36131123 PMCID: PMC9492699 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03913-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) confers Th17-cells immunosuppressive features by activating aryl-hydrocarbon-receptor, a modulator of toxin and adaptive immune responses. In Crohn's disease, Th17-cells fail to acquire regulatory properties in response to UCB, remaining at an inflammatory/pathogenic state. Here we show that UCB modulates Th17-cell metabolism by limiting glycolysis and through downregulation of glycolysis-related genes, namely phosphoglycerate-kinase-1 (PGK1) and aldolase-A (ALDOA). Th17-cells of Crohn's disease patients display heightened PGK1 and ALDOA and defective response to UCB. Silencing of PGK1 or ALDOA restores Th17-cell response to UCB, as reflected by increase in immunoregulatory markers like FOXP3, IL-10 and CD39. In vivo, PGK1 and ALDOA silencing enhances UCB salutary effects in trinitro-benzene-sulfonic-acid-induced colitis in NOD/scid/gamma humanized mice where control over disease activity and enhanced immunoregulatory phenotypes are achieved. PGK1 and/or ALDOA blockade might have therapeutic effects in Crohn's disease by favoring acquisition of regulatory properties by Th17-cells along with control over their pathogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Vuerich
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, China
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jonathon J Graham
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ahmadreza Kalbasi
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eva Csizmadia
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason Hristopoulos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yun Ma
- Institute of Liver Studies, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Efi Kokkotou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adam S Cheifetz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simon C Robson
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Serena Longhi
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Wang C, Shang L, Guo Q, Duan Y, Han M, Li F, Yin Y, Qiao S. Effectiveness and safety evaluation of graded levels of N-carbamylglutamate in growing-finishing pigs. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 10:412-418. [PMID: 36016840 PMCID: PMC9382136 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was as follows: 1) to investigate the effects of graded levels of N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) on performance, blood biochemical indexes, carcass traits and related indicators in growing-finishing pigs, and 2) to determine the optimal supplemental level. The toxicity of high-dose (much higher than recommended levels) NCG was assessed by routine blood tests and blood biochemical and histopathologic examinations of the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney and stomach. One hundred and forty-four growing-finishing pigs (Duroc × Large White × Landrace, 32.24 ± 1.03 kg) were used in a 74-d experiment and each treatment was replicated 6 times with 4 pigs (2 barrows and 2 gilts) per replicate. The dietary treatments were a corn-soybean meal basal diet supplemented with 0% (control), 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2% or 1% NCG. The first 5 groups were used to explore the optimal supplemental level of NCG, while the control, 0.1% and 1% NCG groups were used to explore the safety of high-dose NCG. Compared with the normal control group, the final body weight and average daily gain tended to be higher in the 0.1% group (P = 0.08), the lean percentage tended to be higher in the 0.05% group (P = 0.07), the levels of free amino acids in the blood significantly increased in the 0.1% group (P < 0.05), both 0.1% and 0.15% NCG supplementation increased the levels of nitric oxide (NO) in serum (P = 0.07) and muscle growth- and lipid metabolism-related gene expression (P < 0.05) and NCG supplementation improved C18:1N9C monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in a dose-dependent manner (P = 0.08). In addition, routine blood tests, blood biochemical indexes and histopathological examination revealed no abnormalities. Overall, increasing the levels of NCG did not linearly improve the above indicators; the 0.1% dose showed the best effect, and a high dose (1%) did not pose a toxicity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Bio-feed Additives Key Laboratory, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lijun Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Bio-feed Additives Key Laboratory, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiuping Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 100045, China
| | - Yehui Duan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 100045, China
| | - Mengmeng Han
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 100045, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Fengna Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 100045, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 100045, China
| | - Shiyan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Bio-feed Additives Key Laboratory, Beijing 100193, China
- Corresponding author.
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Scholtes C, Giguère V. Transcriptional control of energy metabolism by nuclear receptors. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:750-770. [DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00486-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Lange NF, Graf V, Caussy C, Dufour JF. PPAR-Targeted Therapies in the Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Diabetic Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084305. [PMID: 35457120 PMCID: PMC9028563 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR), ligand-activated transcription factors of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, have been identified as key metabolic regulators in the liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue, among others. As a leading cause of liver disease worldwide, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) cause a significant burden worldwide and therapeutic strategies are needed. This review provides an overview of the evidence on PPAR-targeted treatment of NAFLD and NASH in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We considered current evidence from clinical trials and observational studies as well as the impact of treatment on comorbid metabolic conditions such as obesity, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease. Future areas of research, such as possible sexually dimorphic effects of PPAR-targeted therapies, are briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi F. Lange
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (N.F.L.); (J.-F.D.)
| | - Vanessa Graf
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Clinical Nutrition, and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Cyrielle Caussy
- Univ Lyon, CarMen Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France;
- Département Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Jean-François Dufour
- Centre des Maladies Digestives, 1003 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss NASH Foundation, 3011 Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (N.F.L.); (J.-F.D.)
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Harland A, Liu X, Ghirardello M, Galan MC, Perks CM, Kurian KM. Glioma Stem-Like Cells and Metabolism: Potential for Novel Therapeutic Strategies. Front Oncol 2021; 11:743814. [PMID: 34532295 PMCID: PMC8438230 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.743814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) were first described as a population which may in part be resistant to traditional chemotherapeutic therapies and responsible for tumour regrowth. Knowledge of the underlying metabolic complexity governing GSC growth and function may point to potential differences between GSCs and the tumour bulk which could be harnessed clinically. There is an increasing interest in the direct/indirect targeting or reprogramming of GSC metabolism as a potential novel therapeutic approach in the adjuvant or recurrent setting to help overcome resistance which may be mediated by GSCs. In this review we will discuss stem-like models, interaction between metabolism and GSCs, and potential current and future strategies for overcoming GSC resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Harland
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Xia Liu
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Mattia Ghirardello
- Galan Research Group, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - M Carmen Galan
- Galan Research Group, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Claire M Perks
- IGFs and Metabolic Endocrinology Group, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, Southmead Hospital, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kathreena M Kurian
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Shen JX, Couchet M, Dufau J, de Castro Barbosa T, Ulbrich MH, Helmstädter M, Kemas AM, Zandi Shafagh R, Marques M, Hansen JB, Mejhert N, Langin D, Rydén M, Lauschke VM. 3D Adipose Tissue Culture Links the Organotypic Microenvironment to Improved Adipogenesis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100106. [PMID: 34165908 PMCID: PMC8373086 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes are strongly associated with adipose tissue dysfunction and impaired adipogenesis. Understanding the molecular underpinnings that control adipogenesis is thus of fundamental importance for the development of novel therapeutics against metabolic disorders. However, translational approaches are hampered as current models do not accurately recapitulate adipogenesis. Here, a scaffold-free versatile 3D adipocyte culture platform with chemically defined conditions is presented in which primary human preadipocytes accurately recapitulate adipogenesis. Following differentiation, multi-omics profiling and functional tests demonstrate that 3D adipocyte cultures feature mature molecular and cellular phenotypes similar to freshly isolated mature adipocytes. Spheroids exhibit physiologically relevant gene expression signatures with 4704 differentially expressed genes compared to conventional 2D cultures (false discovery rate < 0.05), including the concerted expression of factors shaping the adipogenic niche. Furthermore, lipid profiles of >1000 lipid species closely resemble patterns of the corresponding isogenic mature adipocytes in vivo (R2 = 0.97). Integration of multi-omics signatures with analyses of the activity profiles of 503 transcription factors using global promoter motif inference reveals a complex signaling network, involving YAP, Hedgehog, and TGFβ signaling, that links the organotypic microenvironment in 3D culture to the activation and reinforcement of PPARγ and CEBP activity resulting in improved adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne X. Shen
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholm171 77Sweden
| | - Morgane Couchet
- Department of MedicineHuddingeKarolinska InstitutetKarolinska University HospitalStockholm141 86Sweden
| | - Jérémy Dufau
- InsermInstitute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC)UMR1297Toulouse31432France
- Université de ToulouseUniversité Paul SabatierFaculté de Médecine, I2MCUMR1297Toulouse31432France
| | - Thais de Castro Barbosa
- Department of MedicineHuddingeKarolinska InstitutetKarolinska University HospitalStockholm141 86Sweden
| | - Maximilian H. Ulbrich
- Renal DivisionDepartment of MedicineUniversity Hospital Freiburg and Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburg79106Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling StudiesUniversity of FreiburgFreiburg79104Germany
| | - Martin Helmstädter
- Renal DivisionDepartment of MedicineUniversity Hospital Freiburg and Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburg79106Germany
| | - Aurino M. Kemas
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholm171 77Sweden
| | - Reza Zandi Shafagh
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholm171 77Sweden
- Division of Micro‐ and NanosystemsKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholm100 44Sweden
| | - Marie‐Adeline Marques
- InsermInstitute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC)UMR1297Toulouse31432France
- Université de ToulouseUniversité Paul SabatierFaculté de Médecine, I2MCUMR1297Toulouse31432France
| | - Jacob B. Hansen
- Department of BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen2100Denmark
| | - Niklas Mejhert
- Department of MedicineHuddingeKarolinska InstitutetKarolinska University HospitalStockholm141 86Sweden
| | - Dominique Langin
- InsermInstitute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC)UMR1297Toulouse31432France
- Université de ToulouseUniversité Paul SabatierFaculté de Médecine, I2MCUMR1297Toulouse31432France
- Toulouse University HospitalsDepartment of BiochemistryToulouse31079France
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of MedicineHuddingeKarolinska InstitutetKarolinska University HospitalStockholm141 86Sweden
| | - Volker M. Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholm171 77Sweden
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Dissimilar regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism by leptin in two strains of gibel carp ( Carassius gibelio). Br J Nutr 2021; 125:1215-1229. [PMID: 32921323 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520003608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Previous nutritional studies have shown that insulin regulation is different between DT and A strains of gibel carp. As leptin plays a pivotal role in the effects of insulin, we hypothesised that leptin regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism would differ between the two strains. To test our hypothesis, recombinant human leptin was injected into two strains. The results showed that leptin activated the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (AKT), AMP-activated protein kinase-acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase and Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signalling pathways in both strains. Hypoglycaemia induced by leptin might be due to higher glucose uptake by the liver and muscles together with enhanced glycolytic potential and reduced gluconeogenic potential. Decreased lipogenesis and up-regulated fatty acid oxidation were induced by leptin. In terms of genotype, the PI3K-AKT signalling pathway was more strongly activated by leptin in the muscle tissue of the A strain, as reflected by the heightened phosphorylation of AKT. Furthermore, glycogen content, glycolytic enzyme activity and gluconeogenic capability were higher in the A strain than the DT strain. Strain A had higher levels of fatty acid synthesis and lipolytic capacity in the liver than the DT strain, but the opposite was true in white muscle. Regarding leptin-genotype interactions, the DT strain displayed stronger regulation of glucose metabolism in the liver by leptin as compared with the A strain. Moreover, a more active JAK2-STAT signalling pathway accompanied by enhanced inhibition of fatty acid synthesis by leptin was observed in the DT strain. Overall, the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism by leptin differed between the two strains, as expected.
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Beneficial Effects of Akkermansia muciniphila Are Not Associated with Major Changes in the Circulating Endocannabinoidome but Linked to Higher Mono-Palmitoyl-Glycerol Levels as New PPARα Agonists. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010185. [PMID: 33477821 PMCID: PMC7832901 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Akkermansia muciniphila is considered as one of the next-generation beneficial bacteria in the context of obesity and associated metabolic disorders. Although a first proof-of-concept of its beneficial effects has been established in the context of metabolic syndrome in humans, mechanisms are not yet fully understood. This study aimed at deciphering whether the bacterium exerts its beneficial properties through the modulation of the endocannabinoidome (eCBome). Circulating levels of 25 endogenous endocannabinoid-related lipids were quantified by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in the plasma of overweight or obese individuals before and after a 3 months intervention consisting of the daily ingestion of either alive or pasteurized A. muciniphila. Results from multivariate analyses suggested that the beneficial effects of A. muciniphila were not linked to an overall modification of the eCBome. However, subsequent univariate analysis showed that the decrease in 1-Palmitoyl-glycerol (1-PG) and 2-Palmitoyl-glycerol (2-PG), two eCBome lipids, observed in the placebo group was significantly counteracted by the alive bacterium, and to a lower extent by the pasteurized form. We also discovered that 1- and 2-PG are endogenous activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). We hypothesize that PPARα activation by mono-palmitoyl-glycerols may underlie part of the beneficial metabolic effects induced by A. muciniphila in human metabolic syndrome.
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Dufau J, Shen JX, Couchet M, De Castro Barbosa T, Mejhert N, Massier L, Griseti E, Mouisel E, Amri EZ, Lauschke VM, Rydén M, Langin D. In vitro and ex vivo models of adipocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 320:C822-C841. [PMID: 33439778 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00519.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adipocytes are specialized cells with pleiotropic roles in physiology and pathology. Several types of fat cells with distinct metabolic properties coexist in various anatomically defined fat depots in mammals. White, beige, and brown adipocytes differ in their handling of lipids and thermogenic capacity, promoting differences in size and morphology. Moreover, adipocytes release lipids and proteins with paracrine and endocrine functions. The intrinsic properties of adipocytes pose specific challenges in culture. Mature adipocytes float in suspension culture due to high triacylglycerol content and are fragile. Moreover, a fully differentiated state, notably acquirement of the unilocular lipid droplet of white adipocyte, has so far not been reached in two-dimensional culture. Cultures of mouse and human-differentiated preadipocyte cell lines and primary cells have been established to mimic white, beige, and brown adipocytes. Here, we survey various models of differentiated preadipocyte cells and primary mature adipocyte survival describing main characteristics, culture conditions, advantages, and limitations. An important development is the advent of three-dimensional culture, notably of adipose spheroids that recapitulate in vivo adipocyte function and morphology in fat depots. Challenges for the future include isolation and culture of adipose-derived stem cells from different anatomic location in animal models and humans differing in sex, age, fat mass, and pathophysiological conditions. Further understanding of fat cell physiology and dysfunction will be achieved through genetic manipulation, notably CRISPR-mediated gene editing. Capturing adipocyte heterogeneity at the single-cell level within a single fat depot will be key to understanding diversities in cardiometabolic parameters among lean and obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Dufau
- Inserm, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), UMR1297, Toulouse, France.,Faculté de Médecine, I2MC, UMR1297, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Joanne X Shen
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Morgane Couchet
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine (H7), Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Niklas Mejhert
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine (H7), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lucas Massier
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine (H7), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena Griseti
- Inserm, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), UMR1297, Toulouse, France.,Faculté de Médecine, I2MC, UMR1297, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Etienne Mouisel
- Inserm, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), UMR1297, Toulouse, France.,Faculté de Médecine, I2MC, UMR1297, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Volker M Lauschke
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine (H7), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dominique Langin
- Inserm, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), UMR1297, Toulouse, France.,Faculté de Médecine, I2MC, UMR1297, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Toulouse University Hospitals, Department of Biochemistry, Toulouse, France
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13
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Fougerat A, Montagner A, Loiseau N, Guillou H, Wahli W. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Their Novel Ligands as Candidates for the Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Cells 2020; 9:E1638. [PMID: 32650421 PMCID: PMC7408116 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health issue worldwide, frequently associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Steatosis is the initial stage of the disease, which is characterized by lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, which can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with inflammation and various levels of fibrosis that further increase the risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is influenced by interactions between genetic and environmental factors and involves several biological processes in multiple organs. No effective therapy is currently available for the treatment of NAFLD. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors that regulate many functions that are disturbed in NAFLD, including glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as inflammation. Thus, they represent relevant clinical targets for NAFLD. In this review, we describe the determinants and mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of NAFLD, its progression and complications, as well as the current therapeutic strategies that are employed. We also focus on the complementary and distinct roles of PPAR isotypes in many biological processes and on the effects of first-generation PPAR agonists. Finally, we review novel and safe PPAR agonists with improved efficacy and their potential use in the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Fougerat
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), ToxAlim, UMR1331 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (N.L.); (H.G.)
| | - Alexandra Montagner
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), ToxAlim, UMR1331 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (N.L.); (H.G.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, UMR1048 Toulouse, France
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Toulouse, UMR1048 Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Loiseau
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), ToxAlim, UMR1331 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (N.L.); (H.G.)
| | - Hervé Guillou
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), ToxAlim, UMR1331 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (N.L.); (H.G.)
| | - Walter Wahli
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), ToxAlim, UMR1331 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (N.L.); (H.G.)
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Université de Lausanne, Le Génopode, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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14
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Zhang Y, Chang Y, Yang T, Wen M, Zhang Z, Liu G, Zhao H, Chen X, Tian G, Cai J, Wu B, Jia G. The Hepatoprotective Effects of Zinc Glycine on Liver Injury in Meat Duck Through Alleviating Hepatic Lipid Deposition and Inflammation. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 195:569-578. [PMID: 31432444 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01860-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dietary zinc status was recently approved to exert a powerful influence on liver health, and zinc deficiency results in hepatic injury caused by fat deposition, inflammation, and oxidant stress, but the effect of zinc on hepatic lipid metabolism and liver injury in meat duck has not been well defined. To determine the hepatoprotective effects of graded zinc glycine in meat ducks. A total of 384 1-day-old male meat ducks were subjected to 5 weeks feeding program with three experimental diets: (1) low-zinc diet, (2) adequate-zinc diet, and (3) high-zinc diet. Blood and liver samples were collected for biochemical analysis, gene expression analysis, and histopathological study. Diet with low zinc increased hepatic lipid content and triglyceride concentration. Meat ducks fed low-zinc diet exhibited considerably increased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity than birds fed other diets among all groups (P < 0.05). Low zinc administration also notably induced hepatocyte apoptosis and stimulated hepatic inflammatory gene expression. Adequate or high zinc supplementation increased hepatic zinc level, reduced hepatic lipid deposition and hepatosomatic indices through suppressing the expression of lipogenic genes including fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) (P < 0.05), and upregulated the mRNA expression of both fatty acid secretion and β-oxidation, including carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (Cpt1a), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α, and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) (P < 0.05). Dietary zinc addition also declined hepatic mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, diets with adequate or high zinc significantly decreased serum ALT activity and hepatocyte apoptosis. These data revealed that supplementing adequate- or high-zinc glycine efficiently protects liver injury by attenuating lipid deposition and hepatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huiming Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yaqi Chang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huiming Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huiming Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Wen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huiming Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengyu Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huiming Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huiming Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huiming Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huiming Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huiming Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huiming Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Chelota Group, Guanghan, 618300, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huiming Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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15
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Tutunchi H, Saghafi-Asl M, Ostadrahimi A. A systematic review of the effects of oleoylethanolamide, a high-affinity endogenous ligand of PPAR-α, on the management and prevention of obesity. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:543-552. [PMID: 31868943 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Along with an increase in overweight and obesity among all age groups, the development of efficacious and safe anti-obesity strategies for patients, as well as health systems, is critical. Oleoylethanolamide (OEA), a high-affinity endogenous ligand of nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α), plays important physiological and metabolic actions. OEA is derived from oleic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid, which has beneficial effects on body composition and regional fat distribution. The role of OEA in the modulation of food consumption and weight management makes it an attractive molecule requiring further exploration in obesogenic environments. This systematic review was conducted to assess the effects of OEA on the obesity management, with emphasizing on its physiological roles and possible mechanisms of action in energy homeostasis. We searched PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, ProQuest, and EMBASE up until September 2019. Out of 712 records screened, 30 articles met the study criteria. The evidence reviewed here indicates that OEA, an endocannabinoid-like compound, leads to satiation or meal termination through PPAR-α activation and fatty acid translocase (FAT)/CD36. Additionally, the lipid-amide OEA stimulates fatty acid uptake, lipolysis, and beta-oxidation, and also promotes food intake control. OEA also exerts satiety-inducing effects by activating the hedonic dopamine pathways and increasing homeostatic oxytocin and brain histamine. In conclusion, OEA may be a key component of the physiological system involved in the regulation of dietary fat consumption and energy homeostasis; therefore, it is suggested as a possible therapeutic agent for the management of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helda Tutunchi
- Student Research Committee, Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Saghafi-Asl
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Ostadrahimi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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16
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Thibonnier M, Esau C. Metabolic Benefits of MicroRNA-22 Inhibition. Nucleic Acid Ther 2019; 30:104-116. [PMID: 31873061 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2019.0820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabesity is a growing pandemic with substantial health and financial consequences. We are developing microRNA (miRNA)-based drug candidates that transform fat storing adipocytes into fat burning adipocytes (browning effect) to treat metabolic diseases characterized by lipotoxicity. Through phenotypic screening in primary cultures of human subcutaneous adipocytes, we discovered that inhibition of miRNA-22-3p by several complementary antagomirs resulted in increased lipid oxidation, mitochondrial activity, and energy expenditure (EE). These effects may be mediated through activation of target genes like KDM3A, KDM6B, PPARA, PPARGC1B, and SIRT1 involved in lipid catabolism, thermogenesis, and glucose homeostasis. In the model of Diet-Induced Obesity in mice of various ages, weekly subcutaneous injections of various miRNA-22-3p antagomirs produced a significant fat mass reduction, but no change of appetite or body temperature. Insulin sensitivity, as well as circulating glucose and cholesterol levels, was also improved. These original findings suggest that miRNA-22-3p inhibition could become a potent treatment of human obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, the so-called diabesity characterized by lipotoxicity and insulin resistance.
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17
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Murugesan N, Woodard K, Ramaraju R, Greenway FL, Coulter AA, Rebello CJ. Naringenin Increases Insulin Sensitivity and Metabolic Rate: A Case Study. J Med Food 2019; 23:343-348. [PMID: 31670603 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Our studies in primary human adipocytes show that naringenin, a citrus flavonoid, increases oxygen consumption rate and gene expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), glucose transporter type 4, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1β (CPT1β). We investigated the safety of naringenin, its effects on metabolic rate, and blood glucose and insulin responses in a single female subject with diabetes. The subject ingested 150 mg naringenin from an extract of whole oranges standardized to 28% naringenin three times/day for 8 weeks, and maintained her usual food intake. Body weight, resting metabolic rate, respiratory quotient, and blood chemistry panel including glucose, insulin, and safety markers were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks. Adverse events were evaluated every 2 weeks. We also examined the involvement of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), protein kinase A (PKA), and protein kinase G (PKG) in the response of human adipocytes to naringenin treatment. Compared to baseline, the body weight decreased by 2.3 kg. The metabolic rate peaked at 3.5% above baseline at 1 h, but there was no change in the respiratory quotient. Compared to baseline, insulin decreased by 18%, but the change in glucose was not clinically significant. Other blood safety markers were within their reference ranges, and there were no adverse events. UCP1 and CPT1β mRNA expression was reduced by inhibitors of PPARα and PPARγ, but there was no effect of PKA or PKG inhibition. We conclude that naringenin supplementation is safe in humans, reduces body weight and insulin resistance, and increases metabolic rate by PPARα and PPARγ activation. The effects of naringenin on energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity warrant investigation in a randomized controlled clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaylee Woodard
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Rahul Ramaraju
- Baton Rouge Magnet High School, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Frank L Greenway
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ann A Coulter
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Candida J Rebello
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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18
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Yuan TL, Amzallag A, Bagni R, Yi M, Afghani S, Burgan W, Fer N, Strathern LA, Powell K, Smith B, Waters AM, Drubin D, Thomson T, Liao R, Greninger P, Stein GT, Murchie E, Cortez E, Egan RK, Procter L, Bess M, Cheng KT, Lee CS, Lee LC, Fellmann C, Stephens R, Luo J, Lowe SW, Benes CH, McCormick F. Differential Effector Engagement by Oncogenic KRAS. Cell Rep 2019; 22:1889-1902. [PMID: 29444439 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
KRAS can bind numerous effector proteins, which activate different downstream signaling events. The best known are RAF, phosphatidylinositide (PI)-3' kinase, and RalGDS families, but many additional direct and indirect effectors have been reported. We have assessed how these effectors contribute to several major phenotypes in a quantitative way, using an arrayed combinatorial siRNA screen in which we knocked down 41 KRAS effectors nodes in 92 cell lines. We show that every cell line has a unique combination of effector dependencies, but in spite of this heterogeneity, we were able to identify two major subtypes of KRAS mutant cancers of the lung, pancreas, and large intestine, which reflect different KRAS effector engagement and opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina L Yuan
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, 1450 3rd Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Arnaud Amzallag
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Rachel Bagni
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., P.O. Box B, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Ming Yi
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., P.O. Box B, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Shervin Afghani
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, 1450 3rd Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - William Burgan
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., P.O. Box B, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Nicole Fer
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., P.O. Box B, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Leslie A Strathern
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., P.O. Box B, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Katie Powell
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., P.O. Box B, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Brian Smith
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., P.O. Box B, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Andrew M Waters
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., P.O. Box B, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - David Drubin
- Selventa, One Alewife Center, Suite 330, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Ty Thomson
- Selventa, One Alewife Center, Suite 330, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Rosy Liao
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Patricia Greninger
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Giovanna T Stein
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Ellen Murchie
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Eliane Cortez
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Regina K Egan
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Lauren Procter
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., P.O. Box B, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Matthew Bess
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., P.O. Box B, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Kwong Tai Cheng
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., P.O. Box B, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Chih-Shia Lee
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Liam Changwoo Lee
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christof Fellmann
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Robert Stephens
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., P.O. Box B, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Ji Luo
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Scott W Lowe
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Cyril H Benes
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
| | - Frank McCormick
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, 1450 3rd Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., P.O. Box B, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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19
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Molecular characterization and tissue distribution of SREBP-1 and PPARα in Onychostoma macrolepis and their mRNA expressions in response to thermal exposure. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 230:16-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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20
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Small molecules for fat combustion: targeting obesity. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:220-236. [PMID: 30976490 PMCID: PMC6438825 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is increasing in an alarming rate worldwide, which causes higher risks of some diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Current therapeutic approaches, either pancreatic lipase inhibitors or appetite suppressors, are generally of limited effectiveness. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and beige cells dissipate fatty acids as heat to maintain body temperature, termed non-shivering thermogenesis; the activity and mass of BAT and beige cells are negatively correlated with overweight and obesity. The existence of BAT and beige cells in human adults provides an effective weight reduction therapy, a process likely to be amenable to pharmacological intervention. Herein, we combed through the physiology of thermogenesis and the role of BAT and beige cells in combating with obesity. We summarized the thermogenic regulators identified in the past decades, targeting G protein-coupled receptors, transient receptor potential channels, nuclear receptors and miscellaneous pathways. Advances in clinical trials were also presented. The main purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date knowledge from the biological importance of thermogenesis in energy homeostasis to the representative thermogenic regulators for treating obesity. Thermogenic regulators might have a large potential for further investigations to be developed as lead compounds in fighting obesity.
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Key Words
- AKT, protein kinase B
- ALDH9, aldehyde dehydrogenase 9
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- BA, bile acids
- BAT, brown adipose tissue
- BMP8b, bone morphogenetic protein 8b
- Beige cells
- Brown adipose tissue
- C/EBPα, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α
- CLA, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid
- CRABP-II, cellular RA binding protein type II
- CRE, cAMP response element
- Cidea, cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor α-like effector A
- Dio2, iodothyronine deiodinase type 2
- ERE, estrogen response element
- ERs, estrogen receptors
- FAS, fatty acid synthase
- FGF21, fibroblast growth factor 21
- GPCRs, G protein-coupled receptors
- HFD, high fat diet
- LXR, liver X receptors
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- OXPHOS, oxidative phosphorylation
- Obesity
- PDEs, phosphodiesterases
- PET-CT, positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography
- PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α
- PKA, protein kinase A
- PPARs, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors
- PPREs, peroxisome proliferator response elements
- PRDM16, PR domain containing 16
- PTP1B, protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B
- PXR, pregnane X receptor
- RA, retinoic acid
- RAR, RA receptor
- RARE, RA response element
- RMR, resting metabolic rate
- RXR, retinoid X receptor
- SIRT1, silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1
- SNS, sympathetic nervous system
- TFAM, mitochondrial transcription factor A
- TMEM26, transmembrane protein 26
- TRPs, transient receptor potential cation channels
- Thermogenesis
- UCP1, uncoupling protein 1
- Uncoupling protein 1
- VDR, vitamin D receptor
- VDRE, VDR response elements
- WAT, white adipose tissue
- cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate
- cGMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate
- β3-AR, β3-adrenergic receptor
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21
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Haynes HR, Scott HL, Killick-Cole CL, Shaw G, Brend T, Hares KM, Redondo J, Kemp KC, Ballesteros LS, Herman A, Cordero-Llana O, Singleton WG, Mills F, Batstone T, Bulstrode H, Kauppinen RA, Wurdak H, Uney JB, Short SC, Wilkins A, Kurian KM. shRNA-mediated PPARα knockdown in human glioma stem cells reduces in vitro proliferation and inhibits orthotopic xenograft tumour growth. J Pathol 2018; 247:422-434. [PMID: 30565681 PMCID: PMC6462812 DOI: 10.1002/path.5201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The overall survival for patients with primary glioblastoma is very poor. Glioblastoma contains a subpopulation of glioma stem cells (GSC) that are responsible for tumour initiation, treatment resistance and recurrence. PPARα is a transcription factor involved in the control of lipid, carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. We have recently shown that PPARα gene and protein expression is increased in glioblastoma and has independent clinical prognostic significance in multivariate analyses. In this work, we report that PPARα is overexpressed in GSC compared to foetal neural stem cells. To investigate the role of PPARα in GSC, we knocked down its expression using lentiviral transduction with short hairpin RNA (shRNA). Transduced GSC were tagged with luciferase and stereotactically xenografted into the striatum of NOD-SCID mice. Bioluminescent and magnetic resonance imaging showed that knockdown (KD) of PPARα reduced the tumourigenicity of GSC in vivo. PPARα-expressing control GSC xenografts formed invasive histological phenocopies of human glioblastoma, whereas PPARα KD GSC xenografts failed to establish viable intracranial tumours. PPARα KD GSC showed significantly reduced proliferative capacity and clonogenic potential in vitro with an increase in cellular senescence. In addition, PPARα KD resulted in significant downregulation of the stem cell factors c-Myc, nestin and SOX2. This was accompanied by downregulation of the PPARα-target genes and key regulators of fatty acid oxygenation ACOX1 and CPT1A, with no compensatory increase in glycolytic flux. These data establish the aberrant overexpression of PPARα in GSC and demonstrate that this expression functions as an important regulator of tumourigenesis, linking self-renewal and the malignant phenotype in this aggressive cancer stem cell subpopulation. We conclude that targeting GSC PPARα expression may be a therapeutically beneficial strategy with translational potential as an adjuvant treatment. © 2018 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry R Haynes
- Brain Tumour Research Group, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Department of Cellular Pathology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Helen L Scott
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Clare L Killick-Cole
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Group, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gary Shaw
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Tim Brend
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Kelly M Hares
- Multiple Sclerosis and Stem Cell Group, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Juliana Redondo
- Multiple Sclerosis and Stem Cell Group, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kevin C Kemp
- Multiple Sclerosis and Stem Cell Group, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Lorena S Ballesteros
- Flow Cytometry Facility, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andrew Herman
- Flow Cytometry Facility, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Oscar Cordero-Llana
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - William G Singleton
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Group, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Department of Neurosurgery, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Francesca Mills
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Tom Batstone
- Bioinformatics Facility, School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Harry Bulstrode
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Risto A Kauppinen
- Clinical Research and Imaging Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Heiko Wurdak
- Stem Cells and Brain Tumour Group, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - James B Uney
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Susan C Short
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Alastair Wilkins
- Multiple Sclerosis and Stem Cell Group, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kathreena M Kurian
- Brain Tumour Research Group, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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22
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Araki M, Nakagawa Y, Oishi A, Han SI, Wang Y, Kumagai K, Ohno H, Mizunoe Y, Iwasaki H, Sekiya M, Matsuzaka T, Shimano H. The Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α (PPARα) Agonist Pemafibrate Protects against Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072148. [PMID: 30041488 PMCID: PMC6073532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a therapeutic target for hyperlipidemia. Pemafibrate (K-877) is a new selective PPARα modulator activating PPARα transcriptional activity. To determine the effects of pemafibrate on diet-induced obesity, wild-type mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) containing pemafibrate for 12 weeks. Like fenofibrate, pemafibrate significantly suppressed HFD-induced body weight gain; decreased plasma glucose, insulin and triglyceride (TG) levels; and increased plasma fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). However, compared to the dose of fenofibrate, a relatively low dose of pemafibrate showed these effects. Pemafibrate activated PPARα transcriptional activity in the liver, increasing both hepatic expression and plasma levels of FGF21. Additionally, pemafibrate increased the expression of genes involved in thermogenesis and fatty acid oxidation, including Ucp1, Cidea and Cpt1b in inguinal adipose tissue (iWAT) and the mitochondrial marker Elovl3 in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Therefore, pemafibrate activates thermogenesis in iWAT and BAT by increasing plasma levels of FGF21. Additionally, pemafibrate induced the expression of Atgl and Hsl in epididymal white adipose tissue, leading to the activation of lipolysis. Taken together, pemafibrate suppresses diet-induced obesity in mice and improves their obesity-related metabolic abnormalities. We propose that pemafibrate may be useful for the suppression and improvement of obesity-induced metabolic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Araki
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Yoshimi Nakagawa
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Asayo Oishi
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Song-Iee Han
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Yunong Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Kae Kumagai
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Yuhei Mizunoe
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Iwasaki
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Motohiro Sekiya
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Takashi Matsuzaka
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Shimano
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development⁻Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-1004, Japan.
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23
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Kato H, Masuda S, Ohira T, Ohira L, Takakura H, Ohira Y, Izawa T. Differential response of adipose tissue gene and protein expressions to 4- and 8-week administration of β-guanidinopropionic acid in mice. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13616. [PMID: 29512301 PMCID: PMC5840394 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Guanidinopropionic acid (β-GPA) feeding inhibits growth-associated gain of body mass. It remains unknown, however, whether and how β-GPA feeding affects growth-associated increase in white adipose tissue (WAT) mass. We examined the effects of 4- and 8-week β-GPA feeding on serum myostatin levels and expression of genes and proteins related to adipogenesis, lipolysis, and liposynthesis in epididymal WAT (eWAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) in 3-week-old, juvenile male mice. Body, eWAT, and muscle weights were significantly lower in β-GPA-fed mice than in controls after feeding. Four- but not 8-week-β-GPA feeding increased the serum myostatin level. Incubation of C2C12 myotubes with β-GPA (1 mM) significantly promoted myostatin mRNA expression. The protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 α (PGC-1α) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) was up-regulated in GPAF eWAT at week 4, but down-regulated at week 8. There was no significant difference in the protein expression of adipocyte triglyceride lipase (ATGL), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) between groups in eWAT. In BAT, no significant difference was found in the protein expression of PGC-1α, PPARα, ATGL, and HSL between β-GPA-fed and control mice, whereas that of FAS and ACC was significantly lower in β-GPA-fed mice at week 8. Uncoupling protein 1 was expressed higher in β-GPA-fed mice both at weeks 4 and 8 than that in controls. Thus, the mechanism by which β-GPA feeding in early juvenile mice inhibits growth-associated increase in eWAT mass may differ between early and later periods of growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Kato
- Faculty and Graduate School of Health and Sports ScienceDoshisha UniversityKyotanabeJapan
| | - Shinya Masuda
- Faculty and Graduate School of Health and Sports ScienceDoshisha UniversityKyotanabeJapan
| | | | - Luna Ohira
- Faculty of Health and Well‐beingKansai UniversitySakaiJapan
| | - Hisashi Takakura
- Faculty and Graduate School of Health and Sports ScienceDoshisha UniversityKyotanabeJapan
- Research Center for Adipocyte and Muscle ScienceDoshisha UniversityKyotanabeJapan
| | - Yoshinobu Ohira
- Faculty and Graduate School of Health and Sports ScienceDoshisha UniversityKyotanabeJapan
- Research Center for Adipocyte and Muscle ScienceDoshisha UniversityKyotanabeJapan
- Research Center for Space Medical ScienceDoshisha UniversityKyotanabeJapan
- Graduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityToyonakaJapan
| | - Tetsuya Izawa
- Faculty and Graduate School of Health and Sports ScienceDoshisha UniversityKyotanabeJapan
- Research Center for Adipocyte and Muscle ScienceDoshisha UniversityKyotanabeJapan
- Research Center for Space Medical ScienceDoshisha UniversityKyotanabeJapan
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24
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Mitra A, Datta R, Rana S, Sarkar S. Modulation of NFKB1/p50 by ROS leads to impaired ATP production during MI compared to cardiac hypertrophy. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:1575-1590. [PMID: 28771799 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Pathological hypertrophy and myocardial infarction (MI) are two etiologically different cardiac disorders having differential molecular mechanisms of disease manifestation. However, no study has been conducted so far to analyze and compare the differential status of energy metabolism in these two disease forms. It was shown recently by our group that production of ATP is significantly impaired during MI along with inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase E1-β (PDHE1 B) by pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4). However, the ATP levels showed no significant change during pathological hypertrophy compared to control group. To seek a plausible explanation of this phenomenon, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR) pathway was studied in all the experimental groups which revealed that PGC1α- ERRα axis remains active in MI while the same remained inactive during pathological hypertrophy possibly by NF-κB that plays a significant role in deactivating this pathway during hypertrophy. At the same time, it was observed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) negatively regulates NF-κB activity during MI by oxidation of cysteine residues of p50- the DNA binding subunit of NF-κB. Thus, this study reports for the first time, a possible mechanism for the differential status of energy metabolism during two etiologically different cardiac pathophysiological conditions involving PGC1α-ERRα axis along with p50 subunit of NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadeep Mitra
- Genetics and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Department of Zoology, City College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Ritwik Datta
- Genetics and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Santanu Rana
- Genetics and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sagartirtha Sarkar
- Genetics and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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25
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Structure and Functional Analysis of Promoters from Two Liver Isoforms of CPT I in Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112405. [PMID: 29137181 PMCID: PMC5713373 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I) is a key enzyme involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism and fatty acid β-oxidation. To understand the transcriptional mechanism of CPT Iα1b and CPT Iα2a genes, we cloned the 2695-bp and 2631-bp regions of CPT Iα1b and CPT Iα2a promoters of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), respectively, and explored the structure and functional characteristics of these promoters. CPT Iα1b had two transcription start sites (TSSs), while CPT Iα2a had only one TSS. DNase I foot printing showed that the CPT Iα1b promoter was AT-rich and TATA-less, and mediated basal transcription through an initiator (INR)-independent mechanism. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that specificity protein 1 (Sp1) and nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) played potential important roles in driving basal expression of CPT Iα2a gene. In HepG2 and HEK293 cells, progressive deletion analysis indicated that several regions contained cis-elements controlling the transcription of the CPT Iα1b and CPT Iα2a genes. Moreover, some transcription factors, such as thyroid hormone receptor (TR), hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF4) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family, were all identified on the CPT Iα1b and CPT Iα2a promoters. The TRα binding sites were only identified on CPT Iα1b promoter, while TRβ binding sites were only identified on CPT Iα2a promoter, suggesting that the transcription of CPT Iα1b and CPT Iα2a was regulated by a different mechanism. Site-mutation and electrophoretic mobility-shift assay (EMSA) revealed that fenofibrate-induced PPARα activation did not bind with predicted PPARα binding sites of CPT I promoters. Additionally, PPARα was not the only member of PPAR family regulating CPT I expression, and PPARγ also regulated the CPT I expression. All of these results provided new insights into the mechanisms for transcriptional regulation of CPT I genes in fish.
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26
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Moreno CL, Mobbs CV. Epigenetic mechanisms underlying lifespan and age-related effects of dietary restriction and the ketogenic diet. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 455:33-40. [PMID: 27884781 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aging constitutes the central risk factor for major diseases including many forms of cancer, neurodegeneration, and cardiovascular diseases. The aging process is characterized by both global and tissue-specific changes in gene expression across taxonomically diverse species. While aging has historically been thought to entail cell-autonomous, even stochastic changes, recent evidence suggests that modulation of this process can be hierarchal, wherein manipulations of nutrient-sensing neurons (e.g., in the hypothalamus) produce peripheral effects that may modulate the aging process itself. The most robust intervention extending lifespan, plausibly impinging on the aging process, involves different modalities of dietary restriction (DR). Lifespan extension by DR is associated with broad protection against diseases (natural and engineered). Here we review potential epigenetic processes that may link lifespan to age-related diseases, particularly in the context of DR and (other) ketogenic diets, focusing on brain and hypothalamic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar L Moreno
- Department of Neurology, 1470 Madison Ave., 9-119, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Charles V Mobbs
- Departments of Neuroscience, Endocrinology, and Geriatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave., 9-119, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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27
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Dietary zinc addition influenced zinc and lipid deposition in the fore- and mid-intestine of juvenile yellow catfishPelteobagrus fulvidraco. Br J Nutr 2017; 118:570-579. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517002446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe present study explored the mechanisms of dietary Zn influencing Zn and lipid deposition in the fore- and mid- intestine in yellow catfishPelteobagrus fulvidraco, and investigated whether the mechanism was intestinal-region dependent. For this purpose, yellow catfish were fed three diets containing Zn levels of 8·83, 19·20 and 146·65 mg Zn/kg, respectively. Growth performance, intestinal TAG and Zn contents as well as activities and mRNA expression of enzymes and genes involved in Zn transport and lipid metabolism in the fore- and mid-intestine were analysed. Dietary Zn increased Zn accumulation as well as activities of Cu-, Zn-superoxide dismutase and ATPase in the fore- and mid-intestine. In the fore-intestine, dietary Zn up-regulated mRNA levels of ZnT1, ZnT5, ZnT7, metallothionein (MT) and metal response element-binding transcription factor-1 (MTF-1), but down-regulated mRNA levels of ZIP4 and ZIP5. In the mid-intestine, dietary Zn up-regulated mRNA levels of ZnT1, ZnT5, ZnT7, MT and MTF-1, but down-regulated mRNA levels of ZIP4 and ZIP5. Dietary Zn reduced TAG content, down-regulated activities of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), malic enzyme (ME) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) activities, and reduced mRNA levels of 6PGD, G6PD, FAS, PPARγand sterol-regulator element-binding protein (SREBP-1), but up-regulated mRNA levels of carnitine palmitoyltransferase IA, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSLa), adipose TAG lipase (ATGL) and PPARαin the fore-intestine. In the mid-intestine, dietary Zn reduced TAG content, activities of G6PD, ME, isocitrate dehydrogenase and FAS, down-regulated mRNA levels of 6PGD, G6PD, FAS, acetyl-CoA carboxylase a, PPARγand SREBP-1, but up-regulated mRNA expression of HSLa, ATGL and PPARγ. The reduction in TAG content following Zn addition was attributable to reduced lipogenesis and increased lipolysis, and similar regulatory mechanisms were observed between the fore- and mid-intestine.
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28
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Chen GH, Luo Z, Chen F, Shi X, Song YF, You WJ, Liu X. PPARα, PPARγ and SREBP-1 pathways mediated waterborne iron (Fe)-induced reduction in hepatic lipid deposition of javelin goby Synechogobius hasta. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 197:8-18. [PMID: 28411055 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The 42-day experiment was conducted to investigate the effects and mechanism of waterborne Fe exposure influencing hepatic lipid deposition in Synechogobius hasta. For that purpose, S. hasta were exposed to four Fe concentrations (0 (control), 0.36, 0.72 and 1.07μM Fe) for 42days. On days 21 and 42, morphological parameters, hepatic lipid deposition and Fe contents, and activities and mRNA levels of enzymes and genes related to lipid metabolism, including lipogenic enzymes (6PGD, G6PD, ME, ICDH, FAS and ACC) and lipolytic enzymes (CPTI, HSL), were analyzed. With the increase of Fe concentration, hepatic Fe content tended to increase but HSI and lipid content tended to decrease. On day 21, Fe exposure down-regulated the lipogenic activities of 6PGD, G6PD, ICDH and FAS as well as the mRNA levels of G6PD, ACCa, FAS, SREBP-1 and PPARγ, but up-regulated CPT I, HSLa and PPARα mRNA levels. On day 42, Fe exposure down-regulated the lipogenic activities of 6PGD, G6PD, ICDH and FAS as well as the mRNA levels of 6PGD, ACCa, FAS and SREBP-1, but up-regulated CPT I, HSLa, PPARα and PPARγ mRNA levels. Using primary S. hasta hepatocytes, specific pathway inhibitors (GW6471 for PPARα and fatostatin for SREBP-1) and activator (troglitazone for PPARγ) were used to explore the signaling pathways of Fe reducing lipid deposition. The GW6471 attenuated the Fe-induced down-regulation of mRNA levels of 6PGD, G6PD, ME, FAS and ACCa, and attenuated the Fe-induced up-regulation of mRNA levels of CPT I, HSLa and PPARα. Compared with single Fe-incubated group, the mRNA levels of G6PD, ME, FAS, ACCa, ACCb and PPARγ were up-regulated while the CPT I mRNA levels were down-regulated after troglitazone pre-treatment; fatostatin pre-treatment down-regulated the mRNA levels of 6PGD, ME, FAS, ACCa, ACCb and SREBP-1, and increased the CPT I and HSLa mRNA levels. Based on these results above, our study indicated that Fe exposure reduced hepatic lipid deposition by down-regulating lipogenesis and up-regulating lipolysis, and PPARα, PPARγ and SREBP-1 pathways mediated the Fe-induced reduction of hepatic lipid deposition in S. hasta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Hui Chen
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Health Production of Fisheries in Hunan Province, Changde 415000, China.
| | - Feng Chen
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xi Shi
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yu-Feng Song
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wen-Jing You
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Postgraduate Research Base, Panjin Guanghe Fishery Co. Ltd., Panjin 124200, China
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29
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Goto T, Hirata M, Aoki Y, Iwase M, Takahashi H, Kim M, Li Y, Jheng HF, Nomura W, Takahashi N, Kim CS, Yu R, Seno S, Matsuda H, Aizawa-Abe M, Ebihara K, Itoh N, Kawada T. The hepatokine FGF21 is crucial for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α agonist-induced amelioration of metabolic disorders in obese mice. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:9175-9190. [PMID: 28404815 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.767590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity causes excess fat accumulation in white adipose tissues (WAT) and also in other insulin-responsive organs such as the skeletal muscle, increasing the risk for insulin resistance, which can lead to obesity-related metabolic disorders. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) is a master regulator of fatty acid oxidation whose activator is known to improve hyperlipidemia. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying PPARα activator-mediated reduction in adiposity and improvement of metabolic disorders are largely unknown. In this study we investigated the effects of PPARα agonist (fenofibrate) on glucose metabolism dysfunction in obese mice. Fenofibrate treatment reduced adiposity and attenuated obesity-induced dysfunctions of glucose metabolism in obese mice fed a high-fat diet. However, fenofibrate treatment did not improve glucose metabolism in lipodystrophic A-Zip/F1 mice, suggesting that adipose tissue is important for the fenofibrate-mediated amelioration of glucose metabolism, although skeletal muscle actions could not be completely excluded. Moreover, we investigated the role of the hepatokine fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), which regulates energy metabolism in adipose tissue. In WAT of WT mice, but not of FGF21-deficient mice, fenofibrate enhanced the expression of genes related to brown adipocyte functions, such as Ucp1, Pgc1a, and Cpt1b Fenofibrate increased energy expenditure and attenuated obesity, whole body insulin resistance, and adipocyte dysfunctions in WAT in high-fat-diet-fed WT mice but not in FGF21-deficient mice. These findings indicate that FGF21 is crucial for the fenofibrate-mediated improvement of whole body glucose metabolism in obese mice via the amelioration of WAT dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Goto
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan, .,Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Mariko Hirata
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yumeko Aoki
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Mari Iwase
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Haruya Takahashi
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Minji Kim
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yongjia Li
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Huei-Fen Jheng
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Wataru Nomura
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan.,Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takahashi
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan.,Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Chu-Sook Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, South Korea
| | - Rina Yu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, South Korea
| | - Shigeto Seno
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideo Matsuda
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Megumi Aizawa-Abe
- Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan, and
| | - Ken Ebihara
- Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan, and
| | - Nobuyuki Itoh
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Teruo Kawada
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan.,Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
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Gut commensal Bacteroides acidifaciens prevents obesity and improves insulin sensitivity in mice. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:104-116. [PMID: 27118489 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In humans, the composition of gut commensal bacteria is closely correlated with obesity. The bacteria modulate metabolites and influence host immunity. In this study, we attempted to determine whether there is a direct correlation between specific commensal bacteria and host metabolism. As mice aged, we found significantly reduced body weight and fat mass in Atg7ΔCD11c mice when compared with Atg7f/f mice. When mice shared commensal bacteria by co-housing or feces transfer experiments, body weight and fat mass were similar in both mouse groups. By pyrosequencing analysis, Bacteroides acidifaciens (BA) was significantly increased in feces of Atg7ΔCD11c mice compared with those of control Atg7f/f mice. Wild-type C57BL/6 (B6) mice fed with BA were significantly more likely to gain less weight and fat mass than mice fed with PBS. Of note, the expression level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) was consistently increased in the adipose tissues of Atg7ΔCD11c mice, B6 mice transferred with fecal microbiota of Atg7ΔCD11c mice, and BA-fed B6 mice. Furthermore, B6 mice fed with BA showed elevated insulin levels in serum, accompanied by increased serum glucagon-like peptide-1 and decreased intestinal dipeptidyl peptidase-4. These finding suggest that BA may have potential for treatment of metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity.
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Barquissau V, Ghandour RA, Ailhaud G, Klingenspor M, Langin D, Amri EZ, Pisani DF. Control of adipogenesis by oxylipins, GPCRs and PPARs. Biochimie 2016; 136:3-11. [PMID: 28034718 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Oxylipins are bioactive metabolites derived from the oxygenation of ω3 and ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, triggered essentially by cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase activities. Oxylipins are involved in the development and function of adipose tissue and their productions are strictly related to diet quality and quantity. Oxylipins signal via cell surface membrane (G Protein-coupled receptors) and nuclear receptors (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors), two pathways playing a pivotal role in adipocyte biology. In this review, we made an attempt to cover the available knowledge about synthesis and molecular function of oxylipins known to modulate adipogenesis, adipocyte function and phenotype conversion, with a focus on their interaction with peroxisome proliferator-activated nuclear receptor family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Barquissau
- Inserm, UMR1048, Obesity Research Laboratory, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, 31432, France; University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, 31432, France
| | | | | | - Martin Klingenspor
- Technische Universität München, Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius Center, 85350, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Dominique Langin
- Inserm, UMR1048, Obesity Research Laboratory, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, 31432, France; University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, 31432, France; Toulouse University Hospitals, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Toulouse, 31059, France
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Reynés B, Serrano A, Petrov PD, Ribot J, Chetrit C, Martínez-Puig D, Bonet ML, Palou A. Anti-obesity and insulin-sensitising effects of a glycosaminoglycan mix. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Hu W, Mai KS, Luo Z, Zheng JL, Huang C, Pan YX. Effect of waterborne zinc exposure on lipid deposition and metabolism in hepatopancreas and muscle of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2016; 42:1093-1105. [PMID: 26820140 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0200-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of waterborne zinc (control, 0.85, 2.20, 3.10 mg/l, respectively) exposure on lipid deposition and metabolism in the hepatopancreas and muscle of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. The lipid content, Zn accumulation, and the activities and expression levels of several enzymes involved in lipid metabolism were determined in hepatopancreas and muscle. Waterborne Zn exposure reduced growth performance and increased Zn accumulation in both tested tissues. In hepatopancreas, Zn exposure increased lipid content, the activities of lipogenic enzymes, such as 6PGD, G6PD, ME, ICDH and FAS, as well as the mRNA expression level of G6PD, 6PGD, ICDH, FAS and SREBP-1. But the activity of CPT I and the mRNA expression of HSL, CPT Iα1a, CPT Iα2a and PPARα were down-regulated by Zn exposure. In contrast, in muscle, waterborne Zn exposure decreased lipid deposition, activities of 6GPD, ICDH and ME, as well as the mRNA expression level of G6PD, ICDH, ME, FAS and SREBP-1. However, the activity of CPT I as well as the mRNA expression level of PPARα, HSL, CPT Iα2a, CPT Iα1b and CPT Iβ were up-regulated by Zn exposure. Our results indicate that waterborne Zn increases lipid content by up-regulating lipogenesis and down-regulating lipolysis in hepatopancreas. But, in muscle, waterborne Zn reduces lipid accumulation by up-regulating lipolysis and down-regulating lipogenesis. Differential patterns of lipid deposition, enzymatic activities and genes' expression indicate the tissue-specific regulatory mechanism in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of P.R.C., Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang-Sen Mai
- College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of P.R.C., Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jia-Lang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of P.R.C., Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of P.R.C., Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Xiong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of P.R.C., Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
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Barquissau V, Beuzelin D, Pisani DF, Beranger GE, Mairal A, Montagner A, Roussel B, Tavernier G, Marques MA, Moro C, Guillou H, Amri EZ, Langin D. White-to-brite conversion in human adipocytes promotes metabolic reprogramming towards fatty acid anabolic and catabolic pathways. Mol Metab 2016; 5:352-365. [PMID: 27110487 PMCID: PMC4837301 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Fat depots with thermogenic activity have been identified in humans. In mice, the appearance of thermogenic adipocytes within white adipose depots (so-called brown-in-white i.e., brite or beige adipocytes) protects from obesity and insulin resistance. Brite adipocytes may originate from direct conversion of white adipocytes. The purpose of this work was to characterize the metabolism of human brite adipocytes. Methods Human multipotent adipose-derived stem cells were differentiated into white adipocytes and then treated with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ or PPARα agonists between day 14 and day 18. Gene expression profiling was determined using DNA microarrays and RT-qPCR. Variations of mRNA levels were confirmed in differentiated human preadipocytes from primary cultures. Fatty acid and glucose metabolism was investigated using radiolabelled tracers, Western blot analyses and assessment of oxygen consumption. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) knockdown was achieved using siRNA. In vivo, wild type and PPARα-null mice were treated with a β3-adrenergic receptor agonist (CL316,243) to induce appearance of brite adipocytes in white fat depot. Determination of mRNA and protein levels was performed on inguinal white adipose tissue. Results PPAR agonists promote a conversion of white adipocytes into cells displaying a brite molecular pattern. This conversion is associated with transcriptional changes leading to major metabolic adaptations. Fatty acid anabolism i.e., fatty acid esterification into triglycerides, and catabolism i.e., lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation, are increased. Glucose utilization is redirected from oxidation towards glycerol-3-phophate production for triglyceride synthesis. This metabolic shift is dependent on the activation of PDK4 through inactivation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. In vivo, PDK4 expression is markedly induced in wild-type mice in response to CL316,243, while this increase is blunted in PPARα-null mice displaying an impaired britening response. Conclusions Conversion of human white fat cells into brite adipocytes results in a major metabolic reprogramming inducing fatty acid anabolic and catabolic pathways. PDK4 redirects glucose from oxidation towards triglyceride synthesis and favors the use of fatty acids as energy source for uncoupling mitochondria. PPARγ and α agonists induce conversion of human white into brite adipocytes. Fatty acid anabolism and catabolism are activated in human brite adipocytes. Glucose use in brite adipocytes is redirected from oxidation to glyceroneogenesis. PDK4 induction is responsible for the shift from glucose to fatty acid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Barquissau
- INSERM, UMR 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, France
| | - D Beuzelin
- INSERM, UMR 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, France
| | - D F Pisani
- University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France; CNRS, iBV, UMR 7277, Nice, France; INSERM, iBV, U 1091, Nice, France
| | - G E Beranger
- University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France; CNRS, iBV, UMR 7277, Nice, France; INSERM, iBV, U 1091, Nice, France
| | - A Mairal
- INSERM, UMR 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, France
| | - A Montagner
- University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, France; INRA, UMR 1331, TOXALIM, Toulouse, France
| | - B Roussel
- INSERM, UMR 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, France
| | - G Tavernier
- INSERM, UMR 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, France
| | - M-A Marques
- INSERM, UMR 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, France
| | - C Moro
- INSERM, UMR 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, France
| | - H Guillou
- University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, France; INRA, UMR 1331, TOXALIM, Toulouse, France
| | - E-Z Amri
- University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France; CNRS, iBV, UMR 7277, Nice, France; INSERM, iBV, U 1091, Nice, France
| | - D Langin
- INSERM, UMR 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, France; Toulouse University Hospitals, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Toulouse, France.
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Zhang G, Sun Q, Liu C. Influencing Factors of Thermogenic Adipose Tissue Activity. Front Physiol 2016; 7:29. [PMID: 26903879 PMCID: PMC4742553 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an escalating public health challenge and contributes tremendously to the disease burden globally. New therapeutic strategies are required to alleviate the health impact of obesity-related metabolic dysfunction. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is specialized for dissipating chemical energy for thermogenesis as a defense against cold environment. Intriguingly, the brown-fat like adipocytes that dispersed throughout white adipose tissue (WAT) in rodents and humans, called "brite" or "beige" adipocytes, share similar thermogenic characteristics to brown adipocytes. Recently, researchers have focused on cognition of these thermogenic adipose tissues. Some factors have been identified to regulate the development and function of thermogenic adipose tissues. Cold exposure, pharmacological conditions, and lifestyle can enhance non-shivering thermogenesis and metabolism via some mechanisms. However, environmental pollutants, such as ambient fine particulates and ozone, may impair the function of these thermogenic adipose tissues and thereby induce metabolic dysfunction. In this review, the origin, function and influencing factors of thermogenic adipose tissues were summarized and it will provide insights into identifying new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of obesity and obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China; Basic Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Sun
- Basic Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhou, China; Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH, USA
| | - Cuiqing Liu
- Basic Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Hangzhou, China
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Ghandour RA, Giroud M, Vegiopoulos A, Herzig S, Ailhaud G, Amri EZ, Pisani DF. IP-receptor and PPARs trigger the conversion of human white to brite adipocyte induced by carbaprostacyclin. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:285-93. [PMID: 26775637 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Brite adipocytes recently discovered in humans are of considerable importance in energy expenditure by converting energy excess into heat. This property could be useful in the treatment of obesity, and nutritional aspects are relevant to this important issue. Using hMADS cells as a human cell model which undergoes a white to a brite adipocyte conversion, we had shown previously that arachidonic acid, the major metabolite of the essential nutrient Ω6-linoleic acid, plays a major role in this process. Its metabolites PGE2 and PGF2 alpha inhibit this process via a calcium-dependent pathway, whereas in contrast carbaprostacyclin (cPGI2), a stable analog of prostacyclin, activates white to brite adipocyte conversion. Herein, we show that cPGI2 generates via its cognate cell-surface receptor IP-R, a cyclic AMP-signaling pathway involving PKA activity which in turn induces the expression of UCP1. In addition, cPGI2 activates the pathway of nuclear receptors of the PPAR family, i.e. PPARα and PPARγ, which act separately from IP-R to up-regulate the expression of key genes involved in the function of brite adipocytes. Thus dual pathways are playing in concert for the occurrence of a browning process of human white adipocytes. These results make prostacyclin analogs as a new class of interesting molecules to treat obesity and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayane A Ghandour
- Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, iBV, UMR 7277, Nice, France; CNRS, iBV UMR 7277, Nice, France; Inserm, iBV, U1091, Nice, France
| | - Maude Giroud
- Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, iBV, UMR 7277, Nice, France; CNRS, iBV UMR 7277, Nice, France; Inserm, iBV, U1091, Nice, France
| | - Alexandros Vegiopoulos
- DKFZ Junior Group Metabolism and Stem Cell Plasticity, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Molecular Metabolic Control, Medical Faculty, Technical University Munich, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gérard Ailhaud
- Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, iBV, UMR 7277, Nice, France; CNRS, iBV UMR 7277, Nice, France; Inserm, iBV, U1091, Nice, France
| | - Ez-Zoubir Amri
- Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, iBV, UMR 7277, Nice, France; CNRS, iBV UMR 7277, Nice, France; Inserm, iBV, U1091, Nice, France.
| | - Didier F Pisani
- Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, iBV, UMR 7277, Nice, France; CNRS, iBV UMR 7277, Nice, France; Inserm, iBV, U1091, Nice, France.
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Huang C, Luo Z, Hogstrand C, Chen F, Shi X, Chen QL, Song YF, Pan YX. Effect and mechanism of waterborne prolonged Zn exposure influencing hepatic lipid metabolism in javelin gobySynechogobius hasta. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 36:886-95. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of People's Republic of China, Fishery College; Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 and Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province; Wuhan 430070 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of People's Republic of China, Fishery College; Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 and Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province; Wuhan 430070 People's Republic of China
- Department of Animal Sciences; Cornell University; Ithaca 14853 NY USA
| | - Christer Hogstrand
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, School of Medicine; King's College London; Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street London SE1 9NH UK
| | - Feng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of People's Republic of China, Fishery College; Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 and Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province; Wuhan 430070 People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of People's Republic of China, Fishery College; Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 and Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province; Wuhan 430070 People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of People's Republic of China, Fishery College; Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 and Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province; Wuhan 430070 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Feng Song
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of People's Republic of China, Fishery College; Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 and Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province; Wuhan 430070 People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Xiong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of People's Republic of China, Fishery College; Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 and Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province; Wuhan 430070 People's Republic of China
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Zhuo MQ, Luo Z, Pan YX, Wu K, Fan YF, Zhang LH, Song YF. Effects of insulin and its related signaling pathways on lipid metabolism in the yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 218:3083-90. [PMID: 26254320 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.124271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The influence of insulin on hepatic metabolism in fish is not well understood. The present study was therefore conducted to investigate the effects of insulin on lipid metabolism, and the related signaling pathways, in the yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. Hepatic lipid and intracellular triglyceride (TG) content, the activity and expression levels of several enzymes and the mRNA expression of transcription factors (PPARα and PPARγ) involved in lipid metabolism were determined. Troglitazone, GW6471, fenofibrate and wortmannin were used to explore the signaling pathways by which insulin influences lipid metabolism. Insulin tended to increase hepatic lipid accumulation, the activity of lipogenic enzymes (6PGD, G6PD, ME, ICDH and FAS) and mRNA levels of FAS, G6PD, 6PGD, CPT IA and PPARγ, but down-regulated PPARα mRNA level. The insulin-induced effect could be stimulated by the specific PPARγ activator troglitazone or reversed by the PI3 kinase/Akt inhibitor wortmannin, demonstrating that signaling pathways of PPARγ and PI3 kinase/Akt were involved in the insulin-induced alteration of lipid metabolism. The specific PPARα pathway activator fenofibrate reduced insulin-induced TG accumulation, down-regulated the mRNA levels of FAS, G6PD and 6PGD, and up-regulated mRNA levels of CPT IA, PPARα and PPARγ. The specific PPARα pathway inhibitor GW6471 reduced insulin-induced changes in the expression of all the tested genes, indicating that PPARα mediated the insulin-induced changes of lipid metabolism. The present results contribute new knowledge on the regulatory role of insulin in hepatic metabolism in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Qin Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ya-Xiong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yao-Fang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Li-Han Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yu-Feng Song
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
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Chen QL, Luo Z, Shi X, Wu K, Zhuo MQ, Song YF, Hu W. Dietary methimazole-induced hypothyroidism reduces hepatic lipid deposition by down-regulating lipogenesis and up-regulating lipolysis in Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 217-218:28-36. [PMID: 25985894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects and mechanisms of hypothyroidism, induced by administration of 0.2% methimazole through the food, on lipid metabolism in the liver of juvenile yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. To this end, yellow catfish were fed diets containing either 0 or 2g methimazole per kg of diet for 8weeks, respectively. The results showed that fish fed diet containing methimazole had a significant reduction in growth performance, plasma THs levels and hepatic lipid content. Meanwhile, methimazole treatment inhibited the activities of lipogenic enzymes (6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme, isocitrate dehydrogenase and fatty acid synthase) and the mRNA levels of genes involved in lipogenesis (6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, fatty acid synthase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase α, sterol-regulator element-binding protein-1 and liver X receptor), but increased lipolytic enzyme (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1) activity and the expression of genes involved in lipolysis (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a, hormone-sensitive lipase and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor α). Thus, our study indicated that dietary methimazole-induced hypothyroidism could disturb the normal processes of lipid metabolism at the enzymatic and molecular levels in yellow catfish, and the reduced hepatic lipid content by hypothyroidism was attributable to the down-regulation of lipogenesis and up-regulation of lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mei-Qin Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yu-Feng Song
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
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Tourniaire F, Musinovic H, Gouranton E, Astier J, Marcotorchino J, Arreguin A, Bernot D, Palou A, Bonet ML, Ribot J, Landrier JF. All-trans retinoic acid induces oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondria biogenesis in adipocytes. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:1100-9. [PMID: 25914170 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m053652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A positive effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on white adipose tissue (WAT) oxidative and thermogenic capacity has been described and linked to an in vivo fat-lowering effect of ATRA in mice. However, little is known about the effects of ATRA on mitochondria in white fat. Our objective has been to characterize the effect of ATRA on mitochondria biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity in mature white adipocytes. Transcriptome analysis, oxygraphy, analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and flow cytometry-based analysis of mitochondria density were performed in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes after 24 h incubation with ATRA (2 µM) or vehicle. Selected genes linked to mitochondria biogenesis and function and mitochondria immunostaining were analyzed in WAT tissues of ATRA-treated as compared with vehicle-treated mice. ATRA upregulated the expression of a large set of genes linked to mtDNA replication and transcription, mitochondrial biogenesis, and OXPHOS in adipocytes, as indicated by transcriptome analysis. Oxygen consumption rate, mtDNA content, and staining of mitochondria were increased in the ATRA-treated adipocytes. Similar results were obtained in WAT depots of ATRA-treated mice. We conclude that ATRA impacts mitochondria in adipocytes, leading to increased OXPHOS capacity and mitochondrial content in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Tourniaire
- INRA, UMR 1260, F-13385, Marseille, France INSERM, UMR 1062, "Nutrition, Obésité et Risque Thrombotique," F-13385, Marseille, France Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine, F-13385, Marseille, France
| | - Hana Musinovic
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology/Nutrigenomics-group, Universitat de les Illes Balears, and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Erwan Gouranton
- INRA, UMR 1260, F-13385, Marseille, France INSERM, UMR 1062, "Nutrition, Obésité et Risque Thrombotique," F-13385, Marseille, France Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine, F-13385, Marseille, France
| | - Julien Astier
- INRA, UMR 1260, F-13385, Marseille, France INSERM, UMR 1062, "Nutrition, Obésité et Risque Thrombotique," F-13385, Marseille, France Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine, F-13385, Marseille, France
| | - Julie Marcotorchino
- INRA, UMR 1260, F-13385, Marseille, France INSERM, UMR 1062, "Nutrition, Obésité et Risque Thrombotique," F-13385, Marseille, France Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine, F-13385, Marseille, France
| | - Andrea Arreguin
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology/Nutrigenomics-group, Universitat de les Illes Balears, and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Denis Bernot
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, CHU La Timone, F-13385, Marseille, France
| | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology/Nutrigenomics-group, Universitat de les Illes Balears, and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - M Luisa Bonet
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology/Nutrigenomics-group, Universitat de les Illes Balears, and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Joan Ribot
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology/Nutrigenomics-group, Universitat de les Illes Balears, and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jean-François Landrier
- INRA, UMR 1260, F-13385, Marseille, France INSERM, UMR 1062, "Nutrition, Obésité et Risque Thrombotique," F-13385, Marseille, France Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine, F-13385, Marseille, France
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Differential effects of dietary copper deficiency and excess on lipid metabolism in yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 184:19-28. [PMID: 25722194 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects and mechanism of dietary Cu deficiency and excess on lipid metabolism in the liver, muscle and VAT of juvenile Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. To this end, yellow catfish were fed 0.76 (Cu deficiency), 4.18 (adequate Cu) and 92.45 (Cu excess) mg Cu kg(-1) diet, respectively, for 8 weeks. WG and SGR in the adequate Cu group were significantly higher than those in Cu deficiency and excess groups. In liver, Cu deficiency showed no significant effect on Cu and lipid contents, the activities of 6PGD, G6PD and FAS, and the mRNA levels of many tested genes, including 6PGD, G6PD, FAS, ACCα, PPARγ, LXR, HSL, PPARα and ATGL. Cu excess induced Cu accumulation, reduced the lipid content, FAS activity as well as the mRNA levels of 6PGD, G6PD, FAS, ACCα, PPARγ, HSL and ATGL. In muscle, dietary Cu levels showed no significant effects on lipid content, the activities of lipogenic enzymes and the mRNA levels of the most tested genes, including of 6PGD, G6PD, FAS, SREBP-1, PPARγ, HSL and LPL. In VAT, Cu and lipid contents, FAS activity, and the mRNA levels of 6PGD, G6PD, FAS, SREBP-1, LXR, PPARα and LPL were not significantly influenced by dietary Cu levels. Thus, the change of lipid contents among tissues could be related to the enzymatic activities and gene expression related to lipid metabolism. Different response patterns of enzymatic activities and gene expression in various tissues following dietary Cu levels indicated the tissue-specific regulatory effect by Cu.
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Song YF, Wu K, Tan XY, Zhang LH, Zhuo MQ, Pan YX, Chen QL. Effects of recombinant human leptin administration on hepatic lipid metabolism in yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco: in vivo and in vitro studies. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 212:92-9. [PMID: 25644212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects and mechanism of leptin influencing lipid metabolism in yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. To this end, hepatic lipid (in vivo experiment) and intracellular triglyceride (TG) (in vitro experiment) content, the activities and/or expression level of several enzymes (CPT-1, 6PGD, G6PD, FAS, ME and ICDH) as well as the mRNA expression of transcription factors (PPARα, PPARγ and SREBP-1) involved in lipid metabolism were determined. Using the primary hepatocytes of yellow catfish, specific inhibitors AG490 (JAK-STAT inhibitor) and wortmannin (IRS-PI3K inhibitor) were used to explore the signaling pathways of leptin effects on lipid metabolism. Intraperitoneal injection of recombinant human leptin (rt-hLEP) significantly reduced hepatic lipid content, activities of lipogenic enzymes (6PGD, G6PD, ME, ICDH and FAS) as well as mRNA levels of 6PGD, G6PD, FAS, PPARγ and SREBP-1 genes, but up-regulated activity and mRNA level of CPT-1 and PPARα. Using primary hepatocytes, rt-hLEP incubation also reduced intracellular TG content, mRNA levels of G6PD and PPARγ genes, but enhanced mRNA levels of PPARα, CPT-1 and SREBP-1. Leptin-induced effects could partially be reversed by specific inhibitors AG490, suggesting that JAK-STAT signaling pathways played important roles in the process of leptin-induced changes in lipid metabolism. Wortmannin significantly suppressed the decrease of TG content induced by leptin, reflecting that IRS-PI3K was involved in the leptin-mediate changes as well. To our knowledge, the present study provides, for the first time, evidence that rt-hLEP can increase lipolysis and reduce lipogenesis at the both enzymatic and molecular levels in fish with the combination of in vivo with in vitro studies, which serves to increase our understanding into the roles and mechanisms of leptin regulating lipid metabolism in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Song
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Tan
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Li-Han Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mei-Qin Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ya-Xiong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qi-Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
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Chen QL, Luo Z, Huang C, Zheng JL, Pan YX, Song YF, Hu W. Molecular cloning and tissue mRNA levels of 15 genes involved in lipid metabolism inSynechogobius hasta. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding; Ministry of Agriculture of P.R.C., Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan P. R. China
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province; P. R. China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding; Ministry of Agriculture of P.R.C., Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan P. R. China
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province; P. R. China
| | - Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding; Ministry of Agriculture of P.R.C., Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan P. R. China
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province; P. R. China
| | - Jia-Lang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding; Ministry of Agriculture of P.R.C., Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan P. R. China
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province; P. R. China
| | - Ya-Xiong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding; Ministry of Agriculture of P.R.C., Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan P. R. China
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province; P. R. China
| | - Yu-Feng Song
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding; Ministry of Agriculture of P.R.C., Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan P. R. China
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province; P. R. China
| | - Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding; Ministry of Agriculture of P.R.C., Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan P. R. China
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province; P. R. China
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Huang C, Chen QL, Luo Z, Shi X, Pan YX, Song YF, Zhuo MQ, Wu K. Time-dependent effects of waterborne copper exposure influencing hepatic lipid deposition and metabolism in javelin goby Synechogobius hasta and their mechanism. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 155:291-300. [PMID: 25087000 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine the time-course of waterborne chronic copper (Cu) exposure effects influencing hepatic lipid deposition and metabolism in javelin goby Synechogobius hasta and their mechanisms. S. hasta were exposed to four waterborne Cu concentrations (2 (control), 18, 38 and 55 μg Cu/l) for 60 days. Sampling occurred on day 30 and day 60, respectively. Survival decreased and hepatic Cu content increased with increasing Cu levels. On day 30, Cu exposure increased hepatic lipid content, viscerosomatic index (VSI) and hepatosomatic index (HSI), and activities of lipogenic enzymes (6PGD, G6PD, ME, ICDH and FAS) as well as the mRNA levels of 6PGD, G6PD, ME, FAS, ACCα, LPL, PPARγ and SREBP-1 in the liver. However, the mRNA levels of ATGL, HSL and PPARα declined following Cu exposure. On day 60, Cu exposure reduced hepatic lipid content, HSI, VSI, activities of G6PD, ME, ICDH and FAS, and the mRNA expression of 6PGD, G6PD, ME, FAS and SREBP-1, but increased mRNA expression of CPT 1, HSL and PPARα. The differential Pearson correlation between transcriptional changes of genes encoding transcription factors (PPARα, PPARγ and SREBP-1), and the activities and mRNA expression of enzymes involved in lipogenesis and lipolysis were observed on day 30 and day 60, respectively. Cu exposure for 30 days induced hepatic lipid accumulation by stimulating lipogenesis and inhibiting lipolysis. However, 60-day Cu exposure reduced hepatic lipid content by inhibiting lipogenesis and stimulating lipolysis. To our knowledge, for the first time, the present study provided experimental evidence that waterborne chronic Cu exposure differentially influenced genes involved in lipogenic and lipolytic metabolic pathway and the enzymes encoded in a duration-dependent manner in fish, and provided new insight into the relationship between metal toxicity and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qi-Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ya-Xiong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yu-Feng Song
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mei-Qin Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
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Zar Kalai F, Han J, Ksouri R, Abdelly C, Isoda H. Oral administration of Nitraria retusa ethanolic extract enhances hepatic lipid metabolism in db/db mice model 'BKS.Cg-Dock7(m)+/+ Lepr(db/)J' through the modulation of lipogenesis-lipolysis balance. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 72:247-56. [PMID: 25086370 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The medicinal plants can be used in the prevention or treatment of many diseases. Several studies concerning the potential of bioactive components in plants and food products and their link to obesity and related metabolic disorders, have been gaining big interest. Diabetes is a serious metabolic syndrome. Searching for alternative natural bioactive molecules is considered main strategy to manage diabetes through weight management. In the present study, an edible halophyte Nitraria retusa was selected and in vivo experiment was conducted using db/db model mice. We orally administrated its ethanol extract (NRE) to BKS.Cg-Dock7(m)+/+ Lepr(db/)J mice model for a period of 4 weeks. The effect was evaluated on the body weight and adiposity changes and on the biochemical parameters of db/db NRE-treated mice. The molecular mechanism underlying the anti-obesity effect was investigated by testing the gene expression related to hepatic lipid metabolism. NRE was found to significantly supress increases in body and fat mass weight, decreases triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol levels and enhances gene expression related to lipid homeostasis in liver showing anti-obesity actions. Our findings, indicate that NRE possesses potential anti-obesity effects in BKS.Cg-Dock7(m)+/+ Lepr(db/)J model mice and may relieve obesity-related symptoms including hyperlipidemia through modulating the lipolysis-lipogenesis balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feten Zar Kalai
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Junkyu Han
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; Alliance for Research on North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Riadh Ksouri
- Laboratoire des plantes Extrêmophiles, Centre de Biotechnologie à la Technopole de BorjCédria (CBBC), BP 901, 2050 Hammam-lif, Tunisia
| | - Chedly Abdelly
- Laboratoire des plantes Extrêmophiles, Centre de Biotechnologie à la Technopole de BorjCédria (CBBC), BP 901, 2050 Hammam-lif, Tunisia
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; Alliance for Research on North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
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Dietary l-carnitine supplementation increases lipid deposition in the liver and muscle of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) through changes in lipid metabolism. Br J Nutr 2014; 112:698-708. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514001378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Carnitine has been reported to improve growth performance and reduce body lipid content in fish. Thus, we hypothesised that carnitine supplementation can improve growth performance and reduce lipid content in the liver and muscle of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco), a commonly cultured freshwater fish in inland China, and tested this hypothesis in the present study. Diets containing l-carnitine at three different concentrations of 47 mg/kg (control, without extra carnitine addition), 331 mg/kg (low carnitine) and 3495 mg/kg (high carnitine) diet were fed to yellow catfish for 8 weeks. The low-carnitine diet significantly improved weight gain (WG) and reduced the feed conversion ratio (FCR). In contrast, the high-carnitine diet did not affect WG and FCR. Compared with the control diet, the low-carnitine and high-carnitine diets increased lipid and carnitine contents in the liver and muscle. The increased lipid content in the liver could be attributed to the up-regulation of the mRNA levels of SREBP, PPARγ, fatty acid synthase (FAS) and ACCa and the increased activities of lipogenic enzymes (such as FAS, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme) and to the down-regulation of the mRNA levels of the lipolytic gene CPT1A. The increased lipid content in muscle could be attributed to the down-regulation of the mRNA levels of the lipolytic genes CPT1A and ATGL and the increased activity of lipoprotein lipase. In conclusion, in contrast to our hypothesis, dietary carnitine supplementation increased body lipid content in yellow catfish.
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Bolsoni-Lopes A, Festuccia WT, Farias TSM, Chimin P, Torres-Leal FL, Derogis PBM, de Andrade PB, Miyamoto S, Lima FB, Curi R, Alonso-Vale MIC. Palmitoleic acid (n-7) increases white adipocyte lipolysis and lipase content in a PPARα-dependent manner. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 305:E1093-102. [PMID: 24022867 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00082.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether palmitoleic acid, a fatty acid that enhances whole body glucose disposal and suppresses hepatic steatosis, modulates triacylglycerol (TAG) metabolism in adipocytes. For this, both differentiated 3T3-L1 cells treated with either palmitoleic acid (16:1n7, 200 μM) or palmitic acid (16:0, 200 μM) for 24 h and primary adipocytes from wild-type or PPARα-deficient mice treated with 16:1n7 (300 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) or oleic acid (18:1n9, 300 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) by gavage for 10 days were evaluated for lipolysis, TAG, and glycerol 3-phosphate synthesis and gene and protein expression profile. Treatment of differentiated 3T3-L1 cells with 16:1n7, but not 16:0, increased basal and isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis, mRNA levels of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and protein content of ATGL and pSer(660)-HSL. Such increase in lipolysis induced by 16:1n7, which can be prevented by pharmacological inhibition of PPARα, was associated with higher rates of PPARα binding to DNA. In contrast to lipolysis, both 16:1n7 and 16:0 increased fatty acid incorporation into TAG and glycerol 3-phosphate synthesis from glucose without affecting glyceroneogenesis and glycerokinase expression. Corroborating in vitro findings, treatment of wild-type but not PPARα-deficient mice with 16:1n7 increased primary adipocyte basal and stimulated lipolysis and ATGL and HSL mRNA levels. In contrast to lipolysis, however, 16:1n7 treatment increased fatty acid incorporation into TAG and glycerol 3-phosphate synthesis from glucose in both wild-type and PPARα-deficient mice. In conclusion, palmitoleic acid increases adipocyte lipolysis and lipases by a mechanism that requires a functional PPARα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Bolsoni-Lopes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Grabacka M, Pierzchalska M, Reiss K. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α ligands as anticancer drugs targeting mitochondrial metabolism. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2013; 14:342-56. [PMID: 21133850 DOI: 10.2174/1389201011314030009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells show metabolic features distinctive from normal tissues, with characteristically enhanced aerobic glycolysis, glutaminolysis and lipid synthesis. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPAR α) is activated by nutrients (fatty acids and their derivatives) and influences these metabolic pathways acting antagonistically to oncogenic Akt and c-Myc. Therefore PPAR α can be regarded as a candidate target molecule in supplementary anticancer pharmacotherapy as well as dietary therapeutic approach. This idea is based on hitting the cancer cell metabolic weak points through PPAR α mediated stimulation of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis with simultaneous reduction of glucose and glutamine consumption. PPAR α activity is induced by fasting and its molecular consequences overlap with the effects of calorie restriction and ketogenic diet (CRKD). CRKD induces increase of NAD+/NADH ratio and drop in ATP/AMP ratio. The first one is the main stimulus for enhanced protein deacetylase SIRT1 activity; the second one activates AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK). Both SIRT1 and AMPK exert their major metabolic activities such as fatty acid oxidation and block of glycolysis and protein, nucleotide and fatty acid synthesis through the effector protein peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma 1 α coactivator (PGC-1α). PGC-1α cooperates with PPAR α and their activities might contribute to potential anticancer effects of CRKD, which were reported for various brain tumors. Therefore, PPAR α activation can engage molecular interplay among SIRT1, AMPK, and PGC-1α that provides a new, low toxicity dietary approach supplementing traditional anticancer regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Grabacka
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Krakow 30- 149, ul. Balicka 122, Poland.
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Chen QL, Gong Y, Luo Z, Zheng JL, Zhu QL. Differential effect of waterborne cadmium exposure on lipid metabolism in liver and muscle of yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 142-143:380-386. [PMID: 24095957 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of waterborne cadmium (Cd) exposure on lipid metabolism in liver and muscle of juvenile yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. Yellow catfish were exposed to 0 (control), 0.49 and 0.95 mg Cd/l, respectively, for 6 weeks, the lipid deposition, Cd accumulation, the activities and expression level of several enzymes as well as the mRNA expression of transcription factors involved in lipid metabolism in liver and muscle were determined. Waterborne Cd exposure reduced growth performance, but increased Cd accumulation in liver and muscle. In liver, lipid content, the activities and the mRNA expression of lipogenic enzymes (6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), fatty acid synthetase (FAS)) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity increased with increasing waterborne Cd concentrations. However, the mRNA expressions of LPL and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR) α were down-regulated by Cd exposure. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) activity as well as the mRNA expressions of CPT1 and PPARγ showed no significant differences among the treatments. In muscle, lipid contents showed no significant differences among the treatments. The mRNA expression of 6PGD, FAS, CPT1, LPL, PPARα and PPARγ were down-regulated by Cd exposure. Thus, our study indicated that Cd triggered hepatic lipid accumulation through the improvement of lipogenesis, and that lipid homeostasis in muscle was probably conducted by the down-regulation of both lipogenesis and lipolysis. Different variation patterns of lipid metabolism to waterborne Cd exposure indicated the tissue-specific regulatory effect of lipid metabolism under waterborne Cd exposure. To our knowledge, the present study provides, for the first time, evidence that waterborne chronic Cd exposure can disturb the normal processes of lipid metabolism at both the enzymatic and molecular levels, and in two tissues (the liver and muscle).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of P.R.C., Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
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Abu Aboud O, Wettersten HI, Weiss RH. Inhibition of PPARα induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and synergizes with glycolysis inhibition in kidney cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71115. [PMID: 23951092 PMCID: PMC3737191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the sixth most common cancer in the US. While RCC is highly metastatic, there are few therapeutics options available for patients with metastatic RCC, and progression-free survival of patients even with the newest targeted therapeutics is only up to two years. Thus, novel therapeutic targets for this disease are desperately needed. Based on our previous metabolomics studies showing alteration of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) related events in both RCC patient and xenograft mice materials, this pathway was further examined in the current study in the setting of RCC. PPARα is a nuclear receptor protein that functions as a transcription factor for genes including those encoding enzymes involved in energy metabolism; while PPARα has been reported to regulate tumor growth in several cancers, it has not been evaluated in RCC. A specific PPARα antagonist, GW6471, induced both apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 in VHL(+) and VHL(-) RCC cell lines (786-O and Caki-1) associated with attenuation of the cell cycle regulatory proteins c-Myc, Cyclin D1, and CDK4; this data was confirmed as specific to PPARα antagonism by siRNA methods. Interestingly, when glycolysis was blocked by several methods, the cytotoxicity of GW6471 was synergistically increased, suggesting a switch to fatty acid oxidation from glycolysis and providing an entirely novel therapeutic approach for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omran Abu Aboud
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Comparative Pathology Graduate Group, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Hiromi I. Wettersten
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Robert H. Weiss
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Comparative Pathology Graduate Group, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Medical Service, Sacramento VA Medical Center, Sacramento, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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