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Kentistou KA, Lim BEM, Kaisinger LR, Steinthorsdottir V, Sharp LN, Patel KA, Tragante V, Hawkes G, Gardner EJ, Olafsdottir T, Wood AR, Zhao Y, Thorleifsson G, Day FR, Ozanne SE, Hattersley AT, O'Rahilly S, Stefansson K, Ong KK, Beaumont RN, Perry JRB, Freathy RM. Rare variant associations with birth weight identify genes involved in adipose tissue regulation, placental function and insulin-like growth factor signalling. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.04.03.24305248. [PMID: 38633783 PMCID: PMC11023655 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.03.24305248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Investigating the genetic factors influencing human birth weight may lead to biological insights into fetal growth and long-term health. Genome-wide association studies of birth weight have highlighted associated variants in more than 200 regions of the genome, but the causal genes are mostly unknown. Rare genetic variants with robust evidence of association are more likely to point to causal genes, but to date, only a few rare variants are known to influence birth weight. We aimed to identify genes that harbour rare variants that impact birth weight when carried by either the fetus or the mother, by analysing whole exome sequence data in UK Biobank participants. We annotated rare (minor allele frequency <0.1%) protein-truncating or high impact missense variants on whole exome sequence data in up to 234,675 participants with data on their own birth weight (fetal variants), and up to 181,883 mothers who reported the birth weight of their first child (maternal variants). Variants within each gene were collapsed to perform gene burden tests and for each associated gene, we compared the observed fetal and maternal effects. We identified 8 genes with evidence of rare fetal variant effects on birth weight, of which 2 also showed maternal effects. One additional gene showed evidence of maternal effects only. We observed 10/11 directionally concordant associations in an independent sample of up to 45,622 individuals (sign test P=0.01). Of the genes identified, IGF1R and PAPPA2 (fetal and maternal-acting) have known roles in insulin-like growth factor bioavailability and signalling. PPARG, INHBE and ACVR1C (all fetal-acting) have known roles in adipose tissue regulation and rare variants in the latter two also showed associations with favourable adiposity patterns in adults. We highlight the dual role of PPARG in both adipocyte differentiation and placental angiogenesis. NOS3, NRK, and ADAMTS8 (fetal and maternal-acting) have been implicated in both placental function and hypertension. Analysis of rare coding variants has identified regulators of fetal adipose tissue and fetoplacental angiogenesis as determinants of birth weight, as well as further evidence for the role of insulin-like growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Kentistou
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Brandon E M Lim
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Lena R Kaisinger
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Luke N Sharp
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Kashyap A Patel
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Gareth Hawkes
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Eugene J Gardner
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Andrew R Wood
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Yajie Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Felix R Day
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Susan E Ozanne
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Stephen O'Rahilly
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ken K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Robin N Beaumont
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - John R B Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Rachel M Freathy
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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Bui TT, Aasa J, Abass K, Ågerstrand M, Beronius A, Castro M, Escrivá L, Galizia A, Gliga A, Karlsson O, Whaley P, Yost E, Rudén C. Applying a modified systematic review and integrated assessment framework (SYRINA) - a case study on triphenyl phosphate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2024; 26:380-399. [PMID: 38205707 PMCID: PMC10879963 DOI: 10.1039/d3em00353a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
This work presents a case study in applying a systematic review framework (SYRINA) to the identification of chemicals as endocrine disruptors. The suitability and performance of the framework is tested with regard to the widely accepted World Health Organization definition of an endocrine disruptor (ED). The endocrine disrupting potential of triphenyl phosphate (TPP), a well-studied flame retardant reported to exhibit various endocrine related effects was assessed. We followed the 7 steps of the SYRINA framework, articulating the research objective via Populations, Exposures, Comparators, Outcomes (PECO) statements, performed literature search and screening, conducted study evaluation, performed data extraction and summarized and integrated the evidence. Overall, 66 studies, consisting of in vivo, in vitro and epidemiological data, were included. We concluded that triphenyl phosphate could be identified as an ED based on metabolic disruption and reproductive function. We found that the tools used in this case study and the optimizations performed on the framework were suitable to assess properties of EDs. A number of challenges and areas for methodological development in systematic appraisal of evidence relating to endocrine disrupting potential were identified; significant time and effort were needed for the analysis of in vitro mechanistic data in this case study, thus increasing the workload and time needed to perform the systematic review process. Further research and development of this framework with regards to grey literature (non-peer-reviewed literature) search, harmonization of study evaluation methods, more consistent evidence integration approaches and a pre-defined method to assess links between adverse effect and endocrine activity are recommended. It would also be advantageous to conduct more case studies for a chemical with less data than TPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy T Bui
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Sweden.
| | | | - Khaled Abass
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland
| | | | | | - Mafalda Castro
- Section for Environmental Chemistry and Physics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Escrivá
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Audrey Galizia
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, USA
| | - Anda Gliga
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Oskar Karlsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Paul Whaley
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, UK
| | - Erin Yost
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, USA
| | - Christina Rudén
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Sweden.
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Pronovost GN, Yu KB, Coley-O’Rourke EJ, Telang SS, Chen AS, Vuong HE, Williams DW, Chandra A, Rendon TK, Paramo J, Kim RH, Hsiao EY. The maternal microbiome promotes placental development in mice. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadk1887. [PMID: 37801498 PMCID: PMC10558122 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk1887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The maternal microbiome is an important regulator of gestational health, but how it affects the placenta as the interface between mother and fetus remains unexplored. Here, we show that the maternal gut microbiota supports placental development in mice. Depletion of the maternal gut microbiota restricts placental growth and impairs feto-placental vascularization. The maternal gut microbiota modulates metabolites in the maternal and fetal circulation. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) stimulate cultured endothelial cell tube formation and prevent abnormalities in placental vascularization in microbiota-deficient mice. Furthermore, in a model of maternal malnutrition, gestational supplementation with SCFAs prevents placental growth restriction and vascular insufficiency. These findings highlight the importance of host-microbial symbioses during pregnancy and reveal that the maternal gut microbiome promotes placental growth and vascularization in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey N. Pronovost
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kristie B. Yu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elena J. L. Coley-O’Rourke
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sahil S. Telang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Angela S. Chen
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Helen E. Vuong
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Drake W. Williams
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anisha Chandra
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tomiko K. Rendon
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jorge Paramo
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Reuben H. Kim
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elaine Y. Hsiao
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Sundrani D, Karkhanis A, Randhir K, Panchanadikar T, Joshi S. MicroRNAs targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gene are differentially expressed in low birth weight placentae. Placenta 2023; 139:51-60. [PMID: 37311266 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are activated by natural ligands like fatty acids and influence placental angiogenesis and pregnancy outcome. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not clear. This study aims to investigate the association of maternal and placental fatty acid levels with DNA methylation and microRNA regulation of PPARs in the placentae of women delivering low birth weight (LBW) babies. METHODS This study includes 100 women delivering normal birth weight (NBW) baby and 70 women delivering LBW baby. Maternal and placental fatty acids levels were estimated by gas chromatograph. Gene promoter methylation and mRNA expression of PPARs was analyzed using Epitect Methyl-II PCR assay kit and RT-PCR respectively. Expression of miRNAs targeting PPAR mRNA were analyzed using a Qiagen miRCURY LNA PCR Array on RT-PCR. RESULTS Placental docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels and placental mRNA expression of PPARα and PPARγ were lower (p < 0.05 for all) in the LBW group. Differential expression of miRNAs (upregulated miR-33a-5p and miR-22-5p; downregulated miR-301a-5p, miR-518d-5p, miR-27b-5p, miR-106a-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-548d-5p, miR-17-5p and miR-20a-5p) (p < 0.05 for all) was observed in the LBW group. Maternal and placental polyunsaturated fatty acids and total omega-3 fatty acids were positively associated while saturated fatty acids were negatively associated with expression of miRNAs (p < 0.05 for all). Placental expression of miRNAs were positively associated with birth weight (p < 0.05 for all). DISCUSSION Our data suggests that maternal fatty acid status is associated with changes in the placental expression of miRNAs targeting PPAR gene in women delivering LBW babies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Sundrani
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, 411043, India.
| | - Aishwarya Karkhanis
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, 411043, India
| | - Karuna Randhir
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, 411043, India
| | - Tushar Panchanadikar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bharati Medical College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, 411043, India
| | - Sadhana Joshi
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, 411043, India
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Qin Y, Bily D, Aguirre M, Zhang K, Xie L. Understanding PPARγ and Its Agonists on Trophoblast Differentiation and Invasion: Potential Therapeutic Targets for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Preeclampsia. Nutrients 2023; 15:2459. [PMID: 37299422 PMCID: PMC10255128 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of pregnancy complications, particularly gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and preeclampsia (PE), is a cause for concern, as they can result in serious health consequences for both mothers and infants. The pathogenesis of these complications is still not fully understood, although it is known that the pathologic placenta plays a crucial role. Studies have shown that PPARγ, a transcription factor involved in glucose and lipid metabolism, may have a critical role in the etiology of these complications. While PPARγ agonists are FDA-approved drugs for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, their safety during pregnancy is not yet established. Nevertheless, there is growing evidence for the therapeutic potential of PPARγ in the treatment of PE using mouse models and in cell cultures. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of the mechanism of PPARγ in placental pathophysiology and to explore the possibility of using PPARγ ligands as a treatment option for pregnancy complications. Overall, this topic is of great significance for improving maternal and fetal health outcomes and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushu Qin
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Y.Q.); (D.B.); (M.A.); (K.Z.)
| | - Donalyn Bily
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Y.Q.); (D.B.); (M.A.); (K.Z.)
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Makayla Aguirre
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Y.Q.); (D.B.); (M.A.); (K.Z.)
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Y.Q.); (D.B.); (M.A.); (K.Z.)
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Linglin Xie
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Y.Q.); (D.B.); (M.A.); (K.Z.)
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Rokeby ACE, Natale BV, Natale DRC. Cannabinoids and the placenta: Receptors, signaling and outcomes. Placenta 2023; 135:51-61. [PMID: 36965349 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis use during pregnancy is increasing. The improvement of pregnancy-related symptoms including morning sickness and management of mood and stress are among the most reported reasons for its use. Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are the most abundant cannabinoids found within the cannabis flower. The concentration of these components has drastically increased in the past 20 years. Additionally, many edibles contain only one cannabinoid and are marketed to achieve a specific goal, meaning there are an increasing number of pregnancies that are exposed to isolated cannabinoids. Both Δ9-THC and CBD cross the placenta and can impact the fetus directly, but the receptors through which cannabinoids act are also expressed throughout the placenta, suggesting that the effects of in-utero cannabinoid exposure may include indirect effects from the placenta. In-utero cannabis research focuses on short and long-term fetal health and development; however, these studies include little to no placenta analysis. Prenatal cannabinoid exposure is linked to small for gestational age and fetal growth-restricted babies. Compromised placental development is also associated with fetal growth restriction and the few studies (clinical and animal models) that included placental analysis, identify changes in placental vasculature and function in these cannabinoid-exposed pregnancies. In vitro studies further support cannabinoid impact on cell function in the different populations that comprise the placenta. In this article, we aim to summarize how phytocannabinoids can impact placental development and function. Specifically, the cannabinoids and their actions at the different receptors are described, with receptor localization throughout the human and murine placenta discussed. Findings from studies that included placental analysis and how cannabinoid signaling may modulate critical developmental processing including cell proliferation, angiogenesis and migration are described. Considering the current research, prenatal cannabinoid exposure may significantly impact placental development, and, as such, identifying windows of placental vulnerability for each cannabinoid will be critical to elucidate the etiology of fetal outcome studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbey C E Rokeby
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bryony V Natale
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - David R C Natale
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
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Gosseaume C, Fournier T, Jéru I, Vignaud ML, Missotte I, Archambeaud F, Debussche X, Droumaguet C, Fève B, Grillot S, Guerci B, Hieronimus S, Horsmans Y, Nobécourt E, Pienkowski C, Poitou C, Thissen JP, Lascols O, Degrelle S, Tsatsaris V, Vigouroux C, Vatier C. Perinatal, metabolic, and reproductive features in PPARG-related lipodystrophy. Eur J Endocrinol 2023; 188:7049146. [PMID: 36806620 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvad023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The adipogenic PPARG-encoded PPARγ nuclear receptor also displays essential placental functions. We evaluated the metabolic, reproductive, and perinatal features of patients with PPARG-related lipodystrophy. METHODS Current and retrospective data were collected in patients referred to a National Rare Diseases Reference Centre. RESULTS 26 patients from 15 unrelated families were studied (18 women, median age 43 years). They carried monoallelic PPARG variants except a homozygous patient with congenital generalized lipodystrophy. Among heterozygous patients aged 16 or more (n = 24), 92% had diabetes, 96% partial lipodystrophy (median age at diagnosis 24 and 37 years), 78% hypertriglyceridaemia, 71% liver steatosis, and 58% hypertension. The mean BMI was 26 ± 5.0 kg/m2. Women (n = 16) were frequently affected by acute pancreatitis (n = 6) and/or polycystic ovary syndrome (n = 12). Eleven women obtained one or several pregnancies, all complicated by diabetes (n = 8), hypertension (n = 4), and/or hypertriglyceridaemia (n = 10). We analysed perinatal data of patients according to the presence (n = 8) or absence (n = 9) of a maternal dysmetabolic environment. The median gestational age at birth was low in both groups (37 and 36 weeks of amenorrhea, respectively). As expected, the birth weight was higher in patients exposed to a foetal dysmetabolic environment of maternal origin. In contrast, 85.7% of non-exposed patients, in whom the variant is, or is very likely to be, paternally-inherited, were small for gestational age. CONCLUSIONS Lipodystrophy-related PPARG variants induce early metabolic complications. Our results suggest that placental expression of PPARG pathogenic variants carried by affected foetuses could impair prenatal growth and parturition. This justifies careful pregnancy monitoring in affected families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Gosseaume
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris 75012, France
| | - Thierry Fournier
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, 3PHM, Pathophysiology and Pharmacotoxicology of the Human Placenta, Pre & Post Natal Microbiota, Paris, F-75006, France
| | - Isabelle Jéru
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris 75012, France
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Léone Vignaud
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, 3PHM, Pathophysiology and Pharmacotoxicology of the Human Placenta, Pre & Post Natal Microbiota, Paris, F-75006, France
| | - Isabelle Missotte
- Department of Pediatrics, Territorial Hospital Center, Nouméa, New Caledonia, France
| | | | - Xavier Debussche
- Clinical Investigation and Clinical Epidemiology Center (CIC-EC INSERM/CHU/University), Reunion Island University Hospital, Saint-Denis de la Réunion, France
| | - Céline Droumaguet
- Department of Internal Medicine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Henri-Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Bruno Fève
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris 75012, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Reproductive Endocrinology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, National Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Paris, France
| | - Sophie Grillot
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Pays du Mont Blanc Hospital, Sallanches, France
| | - Bruno Guerci
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Brabois Hospital, University of Lorraine, Vandoeuvre Lès Nancy, France
| | - Sylvie Hieronimus
- Department of Diabetology and Nutrition, Nice University Hospital, Nice, France
| | - Yves Horsmans
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Clinical and Experimental Research Institute Louvain Catholic University, Saint-Luc University Hospital, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Estelle Nobécourt
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Saint-Pierre Hospital, Reunion Island University Hospital, Saint-Denis de la Réunion, France
| | - Catherine Pienkowski
- Reference Center for Rare Gynecologic Diseases, Endocrinology and Medical Gynecology Unit, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Poitou
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Sorbonne University, Inserm, Reference Center for Rare Diseases PRADORT (PRADer-Willi Syndrome and other Rare Obesities with Eating Disorders), Nutrition Department, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Paul Thissen
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Clinical and Experimental Research Institute Louvain Catholic University, Saint-Luc University Hospital, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Olivier Lascols
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris 75012, France
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Séverine Degrelle
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, 3PHM, Pathophysiology and Pharmacotoxicology of the Human Placenta, Pre & Post Natal Microbiota, Paris, F-75006, France
- Inovarion, Paris, France
| | - Vassilis Tsatsaris
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, 3PHM, Pathophysiology and Pharmacotoxicology of the Human Placenta, Pre & Post Natal Microbiota, Paris, F-75006, France
| | - Corinne Vigouroux
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris 75012, France
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, Paris, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Reproductive Endocrinology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, National Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Paris, France
| | - Camille Vatier
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris 75012, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Reproductive Endocrinology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, National Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Paris, France
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Zhu X, Chen W, Wang H. Effects of swimming before and during pregnancy on placental angiogenesis and perinatal outcome in high-fat diet-fed mice. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14562. [PMID: 36846460 PMCID: PMC9948747 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We explored the mechanism underlying exercise-mediated placental angiogenesis and perinatal outcome using mouse models. Methods Three-week-old C57BL/6 female mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups: standard-chow diet (SC), standard chow diet + exercise (SC-Ex), high-fat diet (HFD), and high-fat diet + exercise (HFD-Ex). After 13 weeks of exercise intervention, the male and female mice were caged. Approximately six to seven pregnant female mice from each experimental group were randomly selected for body composition, qRT-PCR, histological, and western blot analysis. The remaining mice were allowed to deliver naturally, and the perinatal outcome indexes were observed. Rusults The results showed that exercise intervention significantly improved the body composition and glucose tolerance in HFD-fed pregnant mice. The HFD group showed adipocyte infiltration, placental local hypoxia, and villous vascular thrombosis with a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the expression of VEGF and ANGPT1 proteins. Exercise intervention significantly elevated the expression of PPARγ, alleviated hypoxia and inflammation-related conditions, and inhibited angiogenesis. sFlt-1 mRNA in HFD group was significantly higher than that in SC group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the HFD significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the fertility rate in mice. Conclusions Thus, HFD aggravates placental inflammation and the hypoxic environment and downregulates the expression of PPARγ and PPARα in the placenta. However, exercise intervention can significantly alleviate these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Zhu
- Child Development Research Institute of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Child Development Research Institute of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Haitang Wang
- Child Development Research Institute of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
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9
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Psilopatis I, Vrettou K, Fleckenstein FN, Theocharis S. The Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in Preeclampsia. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040647. [PMID: 36831316 PMCID: PMC9954398 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a common pregnancy-related hypertensive disorder. Often presenting as preexisting or new-onset hypertension complicated by proteinuria and/or end-organ dysfunction, preeclampsia significantly correlates with maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptor proteins that regulate gene expression. In order to investigate the role of PPARs in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia, we conducted a literature review using the MEDLINE and LIVIVO databases. The search terms "peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor", "PPAR", and "preeclampsia" were employed and we were able to identify 35 relevant studies published between 2002 and 2022. Different study groups reached contradictory conclusions in terms of PPAR expression in preeclamptic placentae. Interestingly, PPARγ agonists alone, or in combination with well-established pharmaceutical agents, were determined to represent novel, potent anti-preeclamptic treatment alternatives. In conclusion, PPARs seem to play a significant role in preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iason Psilopatis
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt—Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Kleio Vrettou
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Florian Nima Fleckenstein
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt—Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- BIH Charité Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: (F.N.F.); (S.T.)
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (F.N.F.); (S.T.)
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10
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Pronovost GN, Telang SS, Chen AS, Coley EJ, Vuong HE, Williams DW, Yu KB, Rendon TK, Paramo J, Kim RH, Hsiao EY. The maternal microbiome promotes placental development in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.15.528712. [PMID: 36824779 PMCID: PMC9948959 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.15.528712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The maternal microbiome is an important regulator of gestational health, but how it impacts the placenta as the interface between mother and fetus remains unexplored. Here we show that the maternal gut microbiota supports placental development in mice. Depletion of the maternal gut microbiota restricts placental growth and impairs feto-placental vascularization. The maternal gut microbiota modulates metabolites in the maternal and fetal circulation. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) stimulate angiogenesis-related tube formation by endothelial cells and prevent abnormalities in placental vascularization in microbiota-deficient mice. Furthermore, in a model of maternal malnutrition, gestational supplementation with SCFAs prevents placental growth restriction and vascular insufficiency. These findings highlight the importance of host-microbial symbioses during pregnancy and reveal that the maternal gut microbiome promotes placental growth and vascularization in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey N. Pronovost
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sahil S. Telang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Angela S. Chen
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elena J.L. Coley
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Helen E. Vuong
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Drake W. Williams
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kristie B. Yu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tomiko K. Rendon
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jorge Paramo
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Reuben H. Kim
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elaine Y. Hsiao
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles, CA, USA
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11
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The Potential Role of PPARs in the Fetal Origins of Adult Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213474. [PMID: 36359869 PMCID: PMC9653757 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The fetal origins of adult disease (FOAD) hypothesis holds that events during early development have a profound impact on one’s risk for the development of future adult disease. Studies from humans and animals have demonstrated that many diseases can begin in childhood and are caused by a variety of early life traumas, including maternal malnutrition, maternal disease conditions, lifestyle changes, exposure to toxins/chemicals, improper medication during pregnancy, and so on. Recently, the roles of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in FOAD have been increasingly appreciated due to their wide variety of biological actions. PPARs are members of the nuclear hormone receptor subfamily, consisting of three distinct subtypes: PPARα, β/δ, and γ, highly expressed in the reproductive tissues. By controlling the maturation of the oocyte, ovulation, implantation of the embryo, development of the placenta, and male fertility, the PPARs play a crucial role in the transition from embryo to fetus in developing mammals. Exposure to adverse events in early life exerts a profound influence on the methylation pattern of PPARs in offspring organs, which can affect development and health throughout the life course, and even across generations. In this review, we summarize the latest research on PPARs in the area of FOAD, highlight the important role of PPARs in FOAD, and provide a potential strategy for early prevention of FOAD.
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12
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Hlusko LJ, McNelis MG. Evolutionary adaptation highlights the interconnection of fatty acids, sunlight, inflammation and epithelial adhesion. Acta Paediatr 2022; 111:1313-1318. [PMID: 35416313 PMCID: PMC9324807 DOI: 10.1111/apa.16358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Gene variants that influence human biology today reflect thousands of years of evolution. Genetic effects on infant health are a major point of selective pressure, given that childhood survival is essential to evolutionary success. Knowledge of this evolutionary history can have implications for paediatric research. CONCLUSION: An episode of human adaptation to the extremely low ultraviolet radiation environment of the Arctic 20,000 years ago implicates the Ectodysplasin A Receptor (EDAR) and the Fatty Acid Desaturases (FADS) in human lactation and epithelial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslea J. Hlusko
- National Research Center on Human Evolution (CENIEH) Burgos Spain
- Department of Integrative Biology University of California Berkeley Berkeley California USA
| | - Madeline G. McNelis
- Department of Integrative Biology University of California Berkeley Berkeley California USA
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13
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Hong J, Jiang M, Guo L, Lin J, Wang Y, Tang H, Liu X. Prenatal exposure to triphenyl phosphate activated PPARγ in placental trophoblasts and impaired pregnancy outcomes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 301:119039. [PMID: 35192884 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The health risks of triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) have increased since its widespread application. Using placental trophoblast cell line JEG-3, we demonstrated that TPhP could induce endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and cell apoptosis through PPARγ-mediated lipid metabolism. However, the developmental toxicity of TPhP through the placenta is not known. In this study, prenatal TPhP exposure to mice was investigated. Pregnant mice were orally exposed to TPhP (1 and 5 mg/kg) from embryonic day 0 (E0) until delivery. The results showed that TPhP could accumulate in placenta and impair pregnancy outcomes. After exposure, at E18, placental hormone chorionic gonadotrophin and testosterone levels were significantly decreased, but progesterone and estradiol levels were significantly increased, and placental angiogenesis was activated in the low-dose exposure group. While, in the high-dose exposure group, only estradiol levels were significantly increased. Different with the effect on hormone level or angiogenesis, TPhP significantly increased PPARγ and its regulated lipid transport proteins FABP, FATP, and CD36, and induced lipid accumulation in placental trophoblasts of both low- and high-exposure group. RNA-seq analysis of the placenta identified differentially expressed genes that were mainly involved in the ERS and MAPK signaling pathways. Western blot analysis verified that the protein levels related to ERS stress and apoptosis were significantly increased. To further confirm the role of PPARγ in TPhP mediated placental toxicity, pregnant mice were orally exposed to TPhP (1 mg/kg) or TPhP (1 mg/kg) + GW9662 (PPARγ inhibitor, 2 mg/kg) from E0 until delivery. The results showed that GW9662 could ameliorate the effect of TPhP on placental lipid accumulation, ERS and cell apoptosis, suggesting that PPARγ mediated the placental toxicity of TPhP. Overall, our results indicated that prenatal TPhP exposure impaired pregnancy outcomes, at least partly through PPARγ regulated function of trophoblast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Hong
- School of Public Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 523-808, China
| | - Mengzhu Jiang
- School of Public Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 523-808, China
| | - Lihao Guo
- School of Public Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 523-808, China
| | - Juntong Lin
- School of Public Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 523-808, China
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Public Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 523-808, China
| | - Huanwen Tang
- School of Public Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 523-808, China
| | - Xiaoshan Liu
- School of Public Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 523-808, China.
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14
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PPARγ Regulates Triclosan Induced Placental Dysfunction. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010086. [PMID: 35011648 PMCID: PMC8750171 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to the antibacterial agent triclosan (TCS) is associated with abnormal placenta growth and fetal development during pregnancy. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is crucial in placenta development. However, the mechanism of PPARγ in placenta injury induced by TCS remains unknown. Herein, we demonstrated that PPARγ worked as a protector against TCS-induced toxicity. TCS inhibited cell viability, migration, and angiogenesis dose-dependently in HTR-8/SVneo and JEG-3 cells. Furthermore, TCS downregulated expression of PPARγ and its downstream viability, migration, angiogenesis-related genes HMOX1, ANGPTL4, VEGFA, MMP-2, MMP-9, and upregulated inflammatory genes p65, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in vitro and in vivo. Further investigation showed that overexpression or activation (rosiglitazone) alleviated cell viability, migration, angiogenesis inhibition, and inflammatory response caused by TCS, while knockdown or inhibition (GW9662) of PPARγ had the opposite effect. Moreover, TCS caused placenta dysfunction characterized by the significant decrease in weight and size of the placenta and fetus, while PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone alleviated this damage in mice. Taken together, our results illustrated that TCS-induced placenta dysfunction, which was mediated by the PPARγ pathway. Our findings reveal that activation of PPARγ might be a promising strategy against the adverse effects of TCS exposure on the placenta and fetus.
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15
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Meister S, Hahn L, Beyer S, Paul C, Mitter S, Kuhn C, von Schönfeldt V, Corradini S, Sudan K, Schulz C, Kolben TM, Mahner S, Jeschke U, Kolben T. Regulation of Epigenetic Modifications in the Placenta during Preeclampsia: PPARγ Influences H3K4me3 and H3K9ac in Extravillous Trophoblast Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212469. [PMID: 34830351 PMCID: PMC8622744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and retinoid X receptor α (RxRα), a binding heterodimer playing a pivotal role in the successful trophoblast invasion, in the placental tissue of preeclamptic patients. Furthermore, we aimed to characterize a possible interaction between PPARγ and H3K4me3 (trimethylated lysine 4 of the histone H3), respectively H3K9ac (acetylated lysine 9 of the histone H3), to illuminate the role of histone modifications in a defective trophoblast invasion in preeclampsia (PE). Therefore, the expression of PPARγ and RxRα was analyzed in 26 PE and 25 control placentas by immunohistochemical peroxidase staining, as well as the co-expression with H3K4me3 and H3K9ac by double immunofluorescence staining. Further, the effect of a specific PPARγ-agonist (Ciglitazone) and PPARγ-antagonist (T0070907) on the histone modifications H3K9ac and H3K4me3 was analyzed in vitro. In PE placentas, we found a reduced expression of PPARγ and RxRα and a reduced co-expression with H3K4me3 and H3K9ac in the extravillous trophoblast (EVT). Furthermore, with the PPARγ-antagonist treated human villous trophoblast (HVT) cells and primary isolated EVT cells showed higher levels of the histone modification proteins whereas treatment with the PPARγ-agonist reduced respective histone modifications. Our results show that the stimulation of PPARγ-activity leads to a reduction of H3K4me3 and H3K9ac in trophoblast cells, but paradoxically decreases the nuclear PPARγ expression. As the importance of PPARγ, being involved in a successful trophoblast invasion has already been investigated, our results reveal a pathophysiologic connection between PPARγ and the epigenetic modulation via H3K4me3 and H3K9ac in PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Meister
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (L.H.); (S.B.); (C.P.); (S.M.); (V.v.S.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.); (T.K.)
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (U.J.); Tel.: +49-89-4400-54266 (S.M.); Fax: +49-89-4400-54916 (S.M.)
| | - Laura Hahn
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (L.H.); (S.B.); (C.P.); (S.M.); (V.v.S.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Susanne Beyer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (L.H.); (S.B.); (C.P.); (S.M.); (V.v.S.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Corinna Paul
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (L.H.); (S.B.); (C.P.); (S.M.); (V.v.S.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Sophie Mitter
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (L.H.); (S.B.); (C.P.); (S.M.); (V.v.S.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Christina Kuhn
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany;
| | - Viktoria von Schönfeldt
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (L.H.); (S.B.); (C.P.); (S.M.); (V.v.S.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Stefanie Corradini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany;
| | - Kritika Sudan
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (K.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Christian Schulz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (K.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Theresa Maria Kolben
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (L.H.); (S.B.); (C.P.); (S.M.); (V.v.S.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (L.H.); (S.B.); (C.P.); (S.M.); (V.v.S.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (L.H.); (S.B.); (C.P.); (S.M.); (V.v.S.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.); (T.K.)
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany;
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (U.J.); Tel.: +49-89-4400-54266 (S.M.); Fax: +49-89-4400-54916 (S.M.)
| | - Thomas Kolben
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (L.H.); (S.B.); (C.P.); (S.M.); (V.v.S.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.); (T.K.)
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16
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Schiffrin M, Winkler C, Quignodon L, Naldi A, Trötzmüller M, Köfeler H, Henry H, Parini P, Desvergne B, Gilardi F. Sex Dimorphism of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in Pparg-Null Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9969. [PMID: 34576136 PMCID: PMC8467431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Men with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are more exposed to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and liver fibrosis than women. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of NALFD sex dimorphism are unclear. We combined gene expression, histological and lipidomic analyses to systematically compare male and female liver steatosis. We characterized hepatosteatosis in three independent mouse models of NAFLD, ob/ob and lipodystrophic fat-specific (PpargFΔ/Δ) and whole-body PPARγ-null (PpargΔ/Δ) mice. We identified a clear sex dimorphism occurring only in PpargΔ/Δ mice, with females showing macro- and microvesicular hepatosteatosis throughout their entire life, while males had fewer lipid droplets starting from 20 weeks. This sex dimorphism in hepatosteatosis was lost in gonadectomized PpargΔ/Δ mice. Lipidomics revealed hepatic accumulation of short and highly saturated TGs in females, while TGs were enriched in long and unsaturated hydrocarbon chains in males. Strikingly, sex-biased genes were particularly perturbed in both sexes, affecting lipid metabolism, drug metabolism, inflammatory and cellular stress response pathways. Most importantly, we found that the expression of key sex-biased genes was severely affected in all the NAFLD models we tested. Thus, hepatosteatosis strongly affects hepatic sex-biased gene expression. With NAFLD increasing in prevalence, this emphasizes the urgent need to specifically address the consequences of this deregulation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Schiffrin
- Center of Integrative Genomics, Genopode, Lausanne Faculty of Biology and Medicine, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (M.S.); (C.W.); (L.Q.); (A.N.); (B.D.)
| | - Carine Winkler
- Center of Integrative Genomics, Genopode, Lausanne Faculty of Biology and Medicine, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (M.S.); (C.W.); (L.Q.); (A.N.); (B.D.)
| | - Laure Quignodon
- Center of Integrative Genomics, Genopode, Lausanne Faculty of Biology and Medicine, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (M.S.); (C.W.); (L.Q.); (A.N.); (B.D.)
| | - Aurélien Naldi
- Center of Integrative Genomics, Genopode, Lausanne Faculty of Biology and Medicine, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (M.S.); (C.W.); (L.Q.); (A.N.); (B.D.)
| | - Martin Trötzmüller
- Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.T.); (H.K.)
| | - Harald Köfeler
- Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.T.); (H.K.)
| | - Hugues Henry
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne Faculty of Biology and Medicine, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Paolo Parini
- CardioMetabolic Unit, Department of Medicine and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Insititutet and Theme Inflammation and Ageing Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Béatrice Desvergne
- Center of Integrative Genomics, Genopode, Lausanne Faculty of Biology and Medicine, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (M.S.); (C.W.); (L.Q.); (A.N.); (B.D.)
| | - Federica Gilardi
- Center of Integrative Genomics, Genopode, Lausanne Faculty of Biology and Medicine, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (M.S.); (C.W.); (L.Q.); (A.N.); (B.D.)
- Faculty Unit of Toxicology, University Center of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, CH-1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
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17
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Nakano T, Aochi H, Hirasaki M, Takenaka Y, Fujita K, Tamura M, Soma H, Kamezawa H, Koizumi T, Shibuya H, Inomata R, Okuda A, Murakoshi T, Shimada A, Inoue I. Effects of Pparγ1 deletion on late-stage murine embryogenesis and cells that undergo endocycle. Dev Biol 2021; 478:222-235. [PMID: 34246625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ1, a nuclear receptor, is abundant in the murine placenta during the late stage of pregnancy (E15-E16), although its functional roles remain unclear. PPARγ1 is encoded by two splicing isoforms, namely Pparγ1canonical and Pparγ1sv, and its embryonic loss leads to early (E10) embryonic lethality. Thus, we generated knockout (KO) mice that carried only one of the isoforms to obtain a milder phenotype. Pparγ1sv-KO mice were viable and fertile, whereas Pparγ1canonical-KO mice failed to recover around the weaning age. Pparγ1canonical-KO embryos developed normally up to 15.5 dpc, followed by growth delays after that. The junctional zone of Pparγ1canonical-KO placentas severely infiltrated the labyrinth, and maternal blood sinuses were dilated. In the wild-type, PPARγ1 was highly expressed in sinusoidal trophoblast giant cells (S-TGCs), peaking at 15.5 dpc. Pparγ1canonical-KO abolished PPARγ1 expression in S-TGCs. Notably, the S-TGCs had unusually enlarged nuclei and often occupied maternal vascular spaces, disturbing the organization of the fine labyrinth structure. Gene expression analyses of Pparγ1canonical-KO placentas indicated enhanced S-phase cell cycle signatures. EdU-positive S-TGCs in Pparγ1canonical-KO placentas were greater in number than those in wild-type placentas, suggesting that the cells continued to endoreplicate in the mutant placentas. These results indicate that PPARγ1, a known cell cycle arrest mediator, is involved in the transition of TGCs undergoing endocycling to the terminal differentiation stage in the placentas. Therefore, PPARγ1 deficiency, induced through genetic manipulation, leads to placental insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanari Nakano
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Hidekazu Aochi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masataka Hirasaki
- Division of Developmental Biology, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Takenaka
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan; Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Fujita
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Tamura
- Technology and Development Team for Mouse Phenotype Analysis, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Soma
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Kamezawa
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Koizumi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Shibuya
- Technology and Development Team for Mouse Phenotype Analysis, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Reiko Inomata
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akihiko Okuda
- Division of Developmental Biology, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Murakoshi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akira Shimada
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ikuo Inoue
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.
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18
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Huang Z, Huang S, Song T, Yin Y, Tan C. Placental Angiogenesis in Mammals: A Review of the Regulatory Effects of Signaling Pathways and Functional Nutrients. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:2415-2434. [PMID: 34167152 PMCID: PMC8634476 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal placental development and proper angiogenesis are essential for fetal growth during pregnancy. Angiogenesis involves the regulatory action of many angiogenic factors and a series of signal transduction processes inside and outside the cell. The obstruction of placental angiogenesis causes fetal growth restriction and serious pregnancy complications, even leading to fetal loss and pregnancy cessation. In this review, the effects of placental angiogenesis on fetal development are described, and several signaling pathways related to placental angiogenesis and their key regulatory mediators are summarized. These factors, which include vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-VEGF receptor, delta-like ligand 4 (DLL-4)-Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog, may affect the placental angiogenesis process. Moreover, the degree of vascularization depends on cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation, which is affected by the synthesis and secretion of metabolites or intermediates and mutual coordination or inhibition in these pathways. Furthermore, we discuss recent advances regarding the role of functional nutrients (including amino acids and fatty acids) in regulating placental angiogenesis. Understanding the specific mechanism of placental angiogenesis and its influence on fetal development may facilitate the establishment of new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of preterm birth, pre-eclampsia, or intrauterine growth restriction, and provide a theoretical basis for formulating nutritional regulation strategies during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Huang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuangbo Huang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tongxing Song
- Huazhong Agricultural University, College of Animal Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
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19
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Fali T, Aychek T, Ferhat M, Jouzeau JY, Busslinger M, Moulin D, Eberl G. Metabolic regulation by PPARγ is required for IL-33-mediated activation of ILC2s in lung and adipose tissue. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:585-593. [PMID: 33106586 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-00351-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play a critical role early in the response to infection by helminths and in the development of allergic reactions. ILC2s are also involved in the physiologic regulation of adipose tissue and its metabolic response to cold shock. We find that the metabolic sensor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is highly expressed in ILC2s of the lung and adipose tissue and increases responsiveness to IL-33. In turn, activation of ILC2 by IL-33 leads to increased expression of PPARγ, a prerequisite for proliferation and expression of the effector cytokines IL-5 and IL-13. In contrast, pharmacological inhibition of PPARγ leads to decreased expression of CD36 and fatty acid uptake, a necessary source of energy for ILC2s and of potential ligands for PPARγ. As a consequence, treatment of mice with a PPARγ antagonist reduces the severity of an ILC2-dependent acute airway inflammation. Together, our results demonstrate the critical role of the metabolic sensor PPARγ for the functions of ILC2s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinhinane Fali
- Institut Pasteur, Microenvironment & Immunity Unit, 75724, Paris, France.,INSERM U1224, 75724, Paris, France
| | - Tegest Aychek
- Institut Pasteur, Microenvironment & Immunity Unit, 75724, Paris, France.,INSERM U1224, 75724, Paris, France
| | - Maroua Ferhat
- IMoPA, UMR7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Yves Jouzeau
- IMoPA, UMR7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Meinrad Busslinger
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Moulin
- IMoPA, UMR7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France. .,CHRU de Nancy, Contrat d'interface, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Gérard Eberl
- Institut Pasteur, Microenvironment & Immunity Unit, 75724, Paris, France. .,INSERM U1224, 75724, Paris, France.
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20
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Sundrani DP, Karkhanis AR, Joshi SR. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPAR), fatty acids and microRNAs: Implications in women delivering low birth weight babies. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2021; 67:24-41. [PMID: 33719831 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2020.1858994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Low birth weight (LBW) babies are associated with neonatal morbidity and mortality and are at increased risk for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in later life. However, the molecular determinants of LBW are not well understood. Placental insufficiency/dysfunction is the most frequent etiology for fetal growth restriction resulting in LBW and placental epigenetic processes are suggested to be important regulators of pregnancy outcome. Early life exposures like altered maternal nutrition may have long-lasting effects on the health of the offspring via epigenetic mechanisms like DNA methylation and microRNA (miRNA) regulation. miRNAs have been recognized as major regulators of gene expression and are known to play an important role in placental development. Angiogenesis in the placenta is known to be regulated by transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) which is activated by ligands such as long-chain-polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA). In vitro studies in different cell types indicate that fatty acids can influence epigenetic mechanisms like miRNA regulation. We hypothesize that maternal fatty acid status may influence the miRNA regulation of PPAR genes in the placenta in women delivering LBW babies. This review provides an overview of miRNAs and their regulation of PPAR gene in the placenta of women delivering LBW babies.Abbreviations: AA - Arachidonic Acid; Ago2 - Argonaute2; ALA - Alpha-Linolenic Acid; ANGPTL4 - Angiopoietin-Like Protein 4; C14MC - Chromosome 14 miRNA Cluster; C19MC - Chromosome 19 miRNA Cluster; CLA - Conjugated Linoleic Acid; CSE - Cystathionine γ-Lyase; DHA - Docosahexaenoic Acid; EFA - Essential Fatty Acids; E2F3 - E2F transcription factor 3; EPA - Eicosapentaenoic Acid; FGFR1 - Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1; GDM - Gestational Diabetes Mellitus; hADMSCs - Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells; hBMSCs - Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells; HBV - Hepatitis B Virus; HCC - Hepatocellular Carcinoma; HCPT - Hydroxycamptothecin; HFD - High-Fat Diet; Hmads - Human Multipotent Adipose-Derived Stem; HSCS - Human Hepatic Stellate Cells; IUGR - Intrauterine Growth Restriction; LA - Linoleic Acid; LBW - Low Birth Weight; LCPUFA - Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids; MEK1 - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; MiRNA - MicroRNA; mTOR - Mammalian Target of Rapamycin; NCDs - NonCommunicable Diseases; OA - Oleic Acid; PASMC - Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cell; PLAG1 - Pleiomorphic Adenoma Gene 1; PPAR - Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor; PPARα - PPAR alpha; PPARγ - PPAR gamma; PPARδ - PPAR delta; pre-miRNA - precursor miRNA; RISC - RNA-Induced Silencing Complex; ROS - Reactive Oxygen Species; SAT - Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue; WHO - World Health Organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali P Sundrani
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Aishwarya R Karkhanis
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Sadhana R Joshi
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
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21
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Szilagyi JT, Avula V, Fry RC. Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) and Their Effects on the Placenta, Pregnancy, and Child Development: a Potential Mechanistic Role for Placental Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs). Curr Environ Health Rep 2021; 7:222-230. [PMID: 32812200 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-020-00279-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes studies highlighting perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and their effects on the placenta, pregnancy outcomes, and child health. It highlights human population-based associations as well as in vitro-based experimental data to inform an understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying these health effects. Among the mechanisms by which PFAS may induce toxicity is via their interaction with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), nuclear receptors that regulate lipid metabolism and placental functions important to healthy pregnancies, as well as fetal and child development. RECENT FINDINGS In utero exposure to prevalent environmental contaminants such as PFAS is associated with negative health outcomes during pregnancy, birth outcomes, and later in life. Specifically, PFAS have been associated with increased incidence of gestational diabetes, childhood obesity, preeclampsia, and fetal growth restriction. In terms of placental molecular mechanisms underlying these associations, studies demonstrate that PFAS interfere with trophoblast lipid homeostasis, inflammation, and invasion. Moreover these effects could be mediated in part by the interaction between PFAS and PPARs, as well as other biological mechanisms. This review summarizes how PFAS, critical environmental contaminants, may contribute to diseases of pregnancy as well as early and later child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Szilagyi
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Vennela Avula
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca C Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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22
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Plows JF, Vickers MH, Ganapathy TP, Bridge-Comer PE, Stanley JL, Reynolds CM. Interleukin-1 Receptor-1 Deficiency Impairs Metabolic Function in Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Female Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e1900770. [PMID: 31738006 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Glucose intolerance during pregnancy is associated with short- and long-term maternal and offspring health consequences. In young male mice, knockout of the major pro-inflammatory mediator interleukin-1-receptor-1 (IL1R1) protects against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced glucose intolerance and metabolic dysfunction. This phenotype has not been examined during pregnancy. The hypothesis that IL1R1 depletion will protect females against HFD-induced glucose intolerance and metabolic dysfunction before, during, and post pregnancy is tested. METHODS AND RESULTS C57BL/6J control and IL1R1 knockout (IL1R1-/- ) mice are randomized to either a control diet (10% kcal from fat) or HFD (45% kcal from fat), and three distinct cohorts are established: nulliparous, pregnant, and postpartum females. Contrary to the authors' hypothesis, it is found that IL1R1-/- does not protect against glucose intolerance in nulliparous or pregnant females, and while control HFD animals see a resolution of glucose tolerance postpartum, IL-1R1-/- mice remain impaired. These effects are accompanied by adipocyte hypertrophy, hyperleptinemia, and increased adipose tissue inflammatory gene expression. Maternal genotype differentially affects fetal growth in male and female fetuses, demonstrating sexual dimorphism in this genotype prior to birth. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that IL1R1 signaling is important for normal metabolic functioning in females, during and outside of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine F Plows
- The Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, 1023, Auckland, New Zealand
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Saban Research Institute, 4641 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Mark H Vickers
- The Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, 1023, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Thashma P Ganapathy
- The Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, 1023, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Pania E Bridge-Comer
- The Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, 1023, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joanna L Stanley
- The Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, 1023, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Clare M Reynolds
- The Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, 1023, Auckland, New Zealand
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23
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Peoc'h K, Puy V, Fournier T. Haem oxygenases play a pivotal role in placental physiology and pathology. Hum Reprod Update 2020; 26:634-649. [PMID: 32347305 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmaa014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haem oxygenases (HO) catabolise haem, which is the prosthetic group of numerous haemoproteins. Thus, multiple primary cellular pathways and functions rely on haem availability. HO exists in two isoforms, both expressed in the placenta, namely HO-1 and HO-2, the first being inducible. Haem oxygenases, particularly HO-1, have garnered specific interest in the field of physiological and pathological placental function. These enzymes mediate haem degradation by cleaving the alpha methene bridge to produce biliverdin, which is subsequently converted to bilirubin, carbon monoxide and iron. HO-1 has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. SEARCH METHODS An initial literature analysis was performed using PubMed on 3 October 2018 using key terms such as 'haem oxygenase and pregnancy', 'haem oxygenase and placenta', 'HO-1 and pregnancy', 'HO-1 and placenta', 'HO and placenta', 'HO and pregnancy', 'genetic variant and HO', 'CO and pregnancy', 'CO and placenta', 'Bilirubin and pregnancy', 'Iron and pregnancy' and 'PPAR and Haem', selecting consensus conferences, recommendations, meta-analyses, practical recommendations and reviews. A second literature analysis was performed, including notable miscarriages, foetal loss and diabetes mellitus, on 20 December 2019. The three authors studied the publications independently to decipher whether they should be included in the manuscript. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This review aimed to summarise current pieces of knowledge of haem oxygenase location, function and regulation in the placenta, either in healthy pregnancies or those associated with miscarriages and foetal loss, pre-eclampsia, foetal growth restriction and diabetes mellitus. OUTCOMES HO-1 exerts some protective effects on the placentation, probably by a combination of factors, including its interrelation with the PGC-1α/PPAR pathway and the sFlt1/PlGF balance, and through its primary metabolites, notably carbon monoxide and bilirubin. Its protective role has been highlighted in numerous pregnancy conditions, including pre-eclampsia, foetal growth restriction, gestational diabetes mellitus and miscarriages. WIDER IMPLICATIONS HO-1 is a crucial enzyme in physiological and pathological placentation. This protective enzyme is currently considered a potential therapeutic target in various pregnancy diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katell Peoc'h
- Université de Paris, Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM U1149, UFR de Médecine Bichat, 75018 Paris, France
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, APHP Nord, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Puy
- Reproductive Biology Unit CECOS, Paris-Saclay University, Antoine Béclère Hospital, APHP, Clamart 92140, France
- Laboratoire de Développement des Gonades, UMRE008 Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Université de Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Thierry Fournier
- Université de Paris, INSERM, UMR-S 1139, 3PHM, F-75006, Paris, France
- Fondation PremUp, F-75014, Paris, France
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24
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Starks RR, Abu Alhasan R, Kaur H, Pennington KA, Schulz LC, Tuteja G. Transcription Factor PLAGL1 Is Associated with Angiogenic Gene Expression in the Placenta. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218317. [PMID: 33171905 PMCID: PMC7664191 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, the placenta is important for transporting nutrients and waste between the maternal and fetal blood supply, secreting hormones, and serving as a protective barrier. To better understand placental development, we must understand how placental gene expression is regulated. We used RNA-seq data and ChIP-seq data for the enhancer associated mark, H3k27ac, to study gene regulation in the mouse placenta at embryonic day (e) 9.5, when the placenta is developing a complex network of blood vessels. We identified several upregulated transcription factors with enriched binding sites in e9.5-specific enhancers. The most enriched transcription factor, PLAGL1 had a predicted motif in 233 regions that were significantly associated with vasculature development and response to insulin stimulus genes. We then performed several experiments using mouse placenta and a human trophoblast cell line to understand the role of PLAGL1 in placental development. In the mouse placenta, Plagl1 is expressed in endothelial cells of the labyrinth layer and is differentially expressed in placentas from mice with gestational diabetes compared to placentas from control mice in a sex-specific manner. In human trophoblast cells, siRNA knockdown significantly decreased expression of genes associated with placental vasculature development terms. In a tube assay, decreased PLAGL1 expression led to reduced cord formation. These results suggest that Plagl1 regulates overlapping gene networks in placental trophoblast and endothelial cells, and may play a critical role in placental development in normal and complicated pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah R. Starks
- Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (R.R.S.); (R.A.A.); (H.K.)
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Rabab Abu Alhasan
- Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (R.R.S.); (R.A.A.); (H.K.)
| | - Haninder Kaur
- Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (R.R.S.); (R.A.A.); (H.K.)
| | | | - Laura C. Schulz
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Missouri, Columba, MO 65212, USA;
| | - Geetu Tuteja
- Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (R.R.S.); (R.A.A.); (H.K.)
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Correspondence:
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25
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Zhang J, Xue L, Nie A, Yang Q, Peng X, Chen Z, Yang L, Xie Y, Yuan A, Xu J. Spatiotemporal heterogeneity of PPARγ expression in porcine uteroplacenta for regulating of placental angiogenesis through VEGF-mediated signalling. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 55:1479-1489. [PMID: 32762098 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Non-infectious prenatal mortality severely affects the porcine industry, with pathological placentation as a likely key reason. Previous studies have demonstrated that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) deficiency causes defects in the uteroplacental vasculature and induces embryonic losses in mice. However, its role in porcine placental angiogenesis remains unclear. In the present study, PPARγ expression was investigated in porcine uteroplacental tissues at gestational day (GD) 25, GD40 and GD70 via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), Western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Moreover, the roles of PPARγ in porcine placental angiogenesis were investigated using a cell model of porcine umbilical vein endothelial cells (PUVECs) to conduct proliferation, migration and tube formation assays in vitro and a mouse xenograft model to assess capillary formation in vivo. The results showed that PPARγ was mainly located in the glandular epithelium, trophoblast, amniotic chorion epithelium and vascular endothelium, as indicated by the higher expression levels at GD25 and GD40 than at GD70 in endometrium and by higher expression levels at GD40 and GD70 than at GD25 in placenta. Moreover, PPARγ expression was significantly downregulated in placenta with dead foetus. In PUVECs, knocking out PPARγ significantly inhibited proliferation, migration and tube formation in vitro and inhibited capillary formation in mouse xenografts in vivo by blocking S-phase, promoting apoptosis and downregulating the angiogenic factors of VEGF and its receptors. Overall, the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of PPARγ expression in porcine uteroplacental tissue suggests its vital role in endometrial remodelling and placental angiogenesis, and PPARγ regulates placental angiogenesis through VEGF-mediated signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juzuo Zhang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, 'Double First-Class' Applied Characteristic Discipline of Bioengineering in Hunan High Educational Institution, Huaihua University, Huaihua, China.,Department of Clinic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Liqun Xue
- Department of Clinic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Ang Nie
- Department of Clinic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Huaihua Municipal Center of Animal Husbandry and Aquatic Products Bureau, Huaihua, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Clinic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuan Peng
- Department of Clinic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhilong Chen
- Department of Clinic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Lisha Yang
- Department of Clinic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Clinic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Anwen Yuan
- Department of Clinic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Junfei Xu
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, 'Double First-Class' Applied Characteristic Discipline of Bioengineering in Hunan High Educational Institution, Huaihua University, Huaihua, China
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26
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The Emerging Role of PPAR Beta/Delta in Tumor Angiogenesis. PPAR Res 2020; 2020:3608315. [PMID: 32855630 PMCID: PMC7443046 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3608315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PPARs are ligand-activated transcriptional factors that belong to the nuclear receptor superfamily. Among them, PPAR alpha and PPAR gamma are prone to exert an antiangiogenic effect, whereas PPAR beta/delta has an opposite effect in physiological and pathological conditions. Angiogenesis has been known as a hallmark of cancer, and our recent works also demonstrate that vascular-specific PPAR beta/delta overexpression promotes tumor angiogenesis and progression in vivo. In this review, we will mainly focus on the role of PPAR beta/delta in tumor angiogenesis linked to the tumor microenvironment to further facilitate tumor progression and metastasis. Moreover, the crosstalk between PPAR beta/delta and its downstream key signal molecules involved in tumor angiogenesis will also be discussed, and the network of interplay between them will further be established in the review.
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27
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Wagner N, Wagner KD. PPARs and Angiogenesis-Implications in Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165723. [PMID: 32785018 PMCID: PMC7461101 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the family of ligand-activated nuclear receptors. The PPAR family consists of three subtypes encoded by three separate genes: PPARα (NR1C1), PPARβ/δ (NR1C2), and PPARγ (NR1C3). PPARs are critical regulators of metabolism and exhibit tissue and cell type-specific expression patterns and functions. Specific PPAR ligands have been proposed as potential therapies for a variety of diseases such as metabolic syndrome, cancer, neurogenerative disorders, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, endometriosis, and retinopathies. In this review, we focus on the knowledge of PPAR function in angiogenesis, a complex process that plays important roles in numerous pathological conditions for which therapeutic use of PPAR modulation has been suggested.
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28
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PPARs as Metabolic Regulators in the Liver: Lessons from Liver-Specific PPAR-Null Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062061. [PMID: 32192216 PMCID: PMC7139552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α, β/δ, and γ modulate lipid homeostasis. PPARα regulates lipid metabolism in the liver, the organ that largely controls whole-body nutrient/energy homeostasis, and its abnormalities may lead to hepatic steatosis, steatohepatitis, steatofibrosis, and liver cancer. PPARβ/δ promotes fatty acid β-oxidation largely in extrahepatic organs, and PPARγ stores triacylglycerol in adipocytes. Investigations using liver-specific PPAR-disrupted mice have revealed major but distinct contributions of the three PPARs in the liver. This review summarizes the findings of liver-specific PPAR-null mice and discusses the role of PPARs in the liver.
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29
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Lane SL, Dodson RB, Doyle AS, Park H, Rathi H, Matarrazo CJ, Moore LG, Lorca RA, Wolfson GH, Julian CG. Pharmacological activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) protects against hypoxia-associated fetal growth restriction. FASEB J 2019; 33:8999-9007. [PMID: 31039323 PMCID: PMC6662983 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900214r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The hypoxia of high-altitude (HA) residence increases the risk of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preeclampsia 3-fold, augmenting perinatal morbidity and mortality and the risk for childhood and adult disease. Currently, no effective therapies exist to prevent these vascular disorders of pregnancy. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) is an important regulator of uteroplacental vascular development and function and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of IUGR and preeclampsia. Here, we used a model of HA pregnancy in mice to determine whether hypoxia-induced fetal growth restriction reduces placental PPAR-γ protein expression and placental vascularization and, if so, to evaluate the effectiveness of the selective PPAR-γ agonist pioglitazone (PIO) for preventing hypoxia-induced IUGR. Hypoxia resulted in asymmetric IUGR, placental insufficiency, and reduced placental PPAR-γ expression; PIO prevented approximately half of the fetal growth restriction and attenuated placental insufficiency. PIO did not affect fetal growth under normoxia. Although PIO was beneficial for fetal growth, PIO treatment reduced placental vascular density of the labrynthine zone in normoxic and hypoxic (Hx) conditions, and mean vascular area was reduced in the Hx group. Our results suggest that pharmacological PPAR-γ activation is a potential strategy for preventing IUGR in pregnancies complicated by hypoxia, although further studies are needed to identify its likely metabolic or vascular mechanisms.-Lane, S. L., Dodson, R. B., Doyle, A. S., Park, H., Rathi, H., Matarrazo, C. J., Moore, L. G., Lorca, R. A., Wolfson, G. H., Julian, C. G. Pharmacological activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) protects against hypoxia-associated fetal growth restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney L. Lane
- Integrated Physiology Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - R. Blair Dodson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Alexandrea S. Doyle
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Haemin Park
- Colorado Undergraduate Research in Environmental Health Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Hinal Rathi
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Lorna G. Moore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ramón A. Lorca
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Gabriel H. Wolfson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and
| | - Colleen G. Julian
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and
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Gilardi F, Winkler C, Quignodon L, Diserens JG, Toffoli B, Schiffrin M, Sardella C, Preitner F, Desvergne B. Systemic PPARγ deletion in mice provokes lipoatrophy, organomegaly, severe type 2 diabetes and metabolic inflexibility. Metabolism 2019; 95:8-20. [PMID: 30878493 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor involved in many aspects of metabolism, immune response and development. Numerous studies relying on tissue-specific invalidation of the Pparg gene have shown distinct facets of its activity, whereas the effects of its systemic inactivation remain unexplored due to embryonic lethality. By maintaining PPARγ expression in the placenta, we recently generated a mouse model carrying Pparg full body deletion (PpargΔ/Δ), which in contrast to a previously published model is totally deprived of any form of adipose tissue. Herein, we propose an in-depth study of the metabolic alterations observed in this new model. METHODS Young adult mice, both males and females analyzed separately, were first phenotyped for their gross anatomical alterations. Systemic metabolic parameters were analyzed in the blood, in static and in dynamic conditions. A full exploration of energy metabolism was performed in calorimetric cages as well as in metabolic cages. Our study was completed by expression analyses of a set of specific genes. MAIN FINDINGS PpargΔ/Δ mice show a striking complete absence of any form of adipose tissue, which triggers a complex metabolic phenotype including increased lean mass with organomegaly, hypermetabolism, urinary energy loss, hyperphagia, and increased amino acid metabolism. PpargΔ/Δ mice develop severe type 2 diabetes, characterized by hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, polyuria and polydispsia. They show a remarkable metabolic inflexibility, as indicated by the inability to shift substrate oxidation between glucose and lipids, in both ad libitum fed state and fed/fasted/refed transitions. Moreover, upon fasting PpargΔ/Δ mice enter a severe hypometabolic state. CONCLUSIONS Our data comprehensively describe the impact of lipoatrophy on metabolic homeostasis. As such, the presented data on PpargΔ/Δ mice gives new clues on what and how to explore severe lipodystrophy and its subsequent metabolic complications in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Gilardi
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Carine Winkler
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laure Quignodon
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Gael Diserens
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Toffoli
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mariano Schiffrin
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Sardella
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Preitner
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Béatrice Desvergne
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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31
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Islam N, Garza LA. Adipose and Hair Function: An aPPARent Connection. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 138:480-482. [PMID: 29477189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays essential roles in various aspects of skin physiology, from regulating hair follicle morphogenesis to wound healing. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma is important for the maintenance of adipose tissue and has been implicated in some types of hair loss; however, its function during the hair cycle is still unclear. Sardella et al. investigate the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in hair follicle morphogenesis using a novel global peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-null mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasif Islam
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Luis A Garza
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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32
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Toffoli B, Bernardi S, Winkler C, Carrascosa C, Gilardi F, Desvergne B. Renal mineralocorticoid receptor expression is reduced in lipoatrophy. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:328-334. [PMID: 30761257 PMCID: PMC6356154 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a condition characterized by adipose tissue hypertrophy; it is estimated that the obesity epidemic accounted for 4 million deaths in 2015 and that 70% of these were due to cardiovascular disease (CVD). One of the mechanisms linking obesity to CVD is the ability of adipose tissue to secrete circulating factors. We hypothesized that adipose tissue and its secretory products may influence mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) expression. Here, we showed that expression of MR and its downstream targets (Cnksr3, Scnn1b, and Sgk1) were significantly reduced in the kidneys of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ null (PpargΔ/Δ) and A‐ZIP/F‐1 (AZIPtg/+) lipoatrophic mice with respect to their controls. Intriguingly, MR expression was also found to be significantly reduced in the kidneys of genetically obese ob/ob mice. Our data suggest that adipose tissue contributes to the regulation of MR expression. Given that leptin deficiency seems to be the major feature shared by PpargΔ/Δ, AZIPtg/+, and ob/ob mice, we speculate that adipose tissue modulates MR expression through the leptin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Toffoli
- Center for Integrative Genomics Faculty of Biology and Medicine University of Lausanne Switzerland
| | | | - Carine Winkler
- Center for Integrative Genomics Faculty of Biology and Medicine University of Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Coralie Carrascosa
- Center for Integrative Genomics Faculty of Biology and Medicine University of Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Federica Gilardi
- Center for Integrative Genomics Faculty of Biology and Medicine University of Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Béatrice Desvergne
- Center for Integrative Genomics Faculty of Biology and Medicine University of Lausanne Switzerland
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Rosiglitazone blocks first trimester in-vitro placental injury caused by NF-κB-mediated inflammation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2018. [PMID: 30765769 PMCID: PMC6376060 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38336-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased inflammation and abnormal placentation are common features of a wide spectrum of pregnancy-related disorders such as intra uterine growth restriction, preeclampsia and preterm birth. The inflammatory response of the human placenta has been mostly investigated in relation to cytokine release, but the direct molecular consequences on trophoblast differentiation have not been investigated. This study measured the general effects of LPS on both extravillous and villous trophoblast physiology, and the involvement of the transcription factors PPARγ and NF-κB, specifically using 1st trimester explants and HTR-8/ SVneo cell line models. While both proteins are known for their roles in inflammatory pathways, PPARγ has been identified as an important molecule in trophoblast differentiation, suggesting its potential role in mediating a crosstalk between inflammation and trophoblast differentiation. Here, LPS (1 µg/ml) exposure of first trimester placental villous explants resulted in secretion of inflammatory cytokines, induction of apoptosis and reduction in trophoblast cell proliferation. Additionally, LPS significantly reduced expression of the trophoblast differentiation proteins GCM1 and β-hCG, and increased invasion of the extravillous trophoblast. Activation of PPARγ by Rosiglitazone (10 µM) reversed the LPS-mediated effects on inflammatory cytokine release, trophoblast apoptosis and proliferation compared to controls. Lastly, markers of trophoblast differentiation and invasion reverted to control levels upon activation of PPARγ and concomitant inhibition of NF-κB (either by Rosiglitazone or NF-κB specific inhibitor), revealing a new role for NF-κB in trophoblast invasion. This study reveals a novel PPARγ - NF-κB axis that coordinates inflammatory and differentiation pathways in the human placenta. The ability to reverse trophoblast-associated inflammation with Rosiglitazone offers promise that the PPARγ - NF-κB pathway could one day provide a therapeutic target for placental dysfunction associated with both inflammation and abnormal trophoblast differentiation.
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34
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Shoaito H, Petit J, Chissey A, Auzeil N, Guibourdenche J, Gil S, Laprévote O, Fournier T, Degrelle SA. The Role of Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARγ) in Mono(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate (MEHP)-Mediated Cytotrophoblast Differentiation. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:27003. [PMID: 30810372 PMCID: PMC6752943 DOI: 10.1289/ehp3730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalates are environmental contaminants commonly used as plasticizers in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products. Recently, exposure to phthalates has been associated with preterm birth, low birth weight, and pregnancy loss. There is limited information about the possible mechanisms linking maternal phthalate exposure and placental development, but one such mechanism may be mediated by peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ (PPARγ). PPARγ belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily that regulates, in a ligand-dependent manner, the transcription of target genes. Studies of PPARγ-deficient mice have demonstrated its essential role in lipid metabolism and placental development. In the human placenta, PPARγ is expressed in the villous cytotrophoblast (VCT) and is activated during its differentiation into syncytiotrophoblast. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to investigate the action of mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) on PPARγ activity during in vitro differentiation of VCTs. METHODS We combined immunofluorescence, PPARγ activity/hCG assays, western blotting, and lipidomics analyses to characterize the impacts of physiologically relevant concentrations of MEHP (0.1, 1, and 10 μM) on cultured VCTs isolated from human term placentas. RESULTS Doses of 0.1 and 1 μM MEHP showed significantly lower PPARγ activity and less VCT differentiation in comparison with controls, whereas, surprisingly, a 10 μM dose had the opposite effect. MEHP exposure inhibited hCG production and significantly altered lipid composition. In addition, MEHP had significant effects on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that MEHP has a U-shaped dose–response effect on trophoblast differentiation that is mediated by the PPARγ pathway and acts as an endocrine disruptor in the human placenta. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3730.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Shoaito
- UMR-S1139, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Institut national de la santé et de la recherché médicale (Inserm, National Institute of Health & Medical Research), Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Julia Petit
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- UMR 8638, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (Cnrs, National Center for Scientific Research), Paris, France
| | - Audrey Chissey
- UMR-S1139, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Institut national de la santé et de la recherché médicale (Inserm, National Institute of Health & Medical Research), Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Auzeil
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- UMR 8638, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (Cnrs, National Center for Scientific Research), Paris, France
| | - Jean Guibourdenche
- UMR-S1139, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Institut national de la santé et de la recherché médicale (Inserm, National Institute of Health & Medical Research), Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Fondation PremUp, Paris, France
- Department of Biological Endocrinology, CHU Cochin, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Sophie Gil
- UMR-S1139, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Institut national de la santé et de la recherché médicale (Inserm, National Institute of Health & Medical Research), Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Fondation PremUp, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Laprévote
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- UMR 8638, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (Cnrs, National Center for Scientific Research), Paris, France
- Department of Biochemistry, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Fournier
- UMR-S1139, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Institut national de la santé et de la recherché médicale (Inserm, National Institute of Health & Medical Research), Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Fondation PremUp, Paris, France
| | - Séverine A. Degrelle
- UMR-S1139, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Institut national de la santé et de la recherché médicale (Inserm, National Institute of Health & Medical Research), Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Fondation PremUp, Paris, France
- Inovarion, Paris, France
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Chassen S, Jansson T. Complex, coordinated and highly regulated changes in placental signaling and nutrient transport capacity in IUGR. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1866:165373. [PMID: 30684642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The most common cause of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in the developed world is placental insufficiency, a concept often used synonymously with reduced utero-placental and umbilical blood flows. However, placental insufficiency and IUGR are associated with complex, coordinated and highly regulated changes in placental signaling and nutrient transport including inhibition of insulin and mTOR signaling and down-regulation of specific amino acid transporters, Na+/K+-ATPase, the Na+/H+-exchanger, folate and lactate transporters. In contrast, placental glucose transport capacity is unaltered and Ca2+-ATPase activity and the expression of proteins involved in placental lipid transport are increased in IUGR. These findings are not entirely consistent with the traditional view that the placenta is dysfunctional in IUGR, but rather suggest that the placenta adapts to reduce fetal growth in response to an inability of the mother to allocate resources to the fetus. This new model has implications for the understanding of the mechanisms underpinning IUGR and for the development of intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Chassen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA.
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36
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Wilson A, Fu H, Schiffrin M, Winkler C, Koufany M, Jouzeau JY, Bonnet N, Gilardi F, Renevey F, Luther SA, Moulin D, Desvergne B. Lack of Adipocytes Alters Hematopoiesis in Lipodystrophic Mice. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2573. [PMID: 30483254 PMCID: PMC6244608 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult hematopoiesis takes place in the perivascular zone of the bone cavity, where endothelial cells, mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and their derivatives such as osteoblasts are key components of bone marrow (BM) niches. Defining the contribution of BM adipocytes to the hematopoietic stem cell niche remains controversial. While an excess of medullar adiposity is generally considered deleterious for hematopoiesis, an active role for adipocytes in shaping the niche has also been proposed. We thus investigated the consequences of total adipocyte deletion, including in the BM niche, on adult hematopoiesis using mice carrying a constitutive deletion of the gene coding for the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ). We show that Pparg Δ/Δ lipodystrophic mice exhibit severe extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH), which we found to be non-cell autonomous, as it is reproduced when wild-type donor BM cells are transferred into Pparg Δ/Δ recipients. This phenotype is not due to a specific alteration linked to Pparg deletion, such as chronic inflammation, since it is also found in AZIPtg/+ mice, another lipodystrophic mouse model with normal PPARγ expression, that display only very moderate levels of inflammation. In both models, the lack of adipocytes alters subpopulations of both myeloid and lymphoid cells. The CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in the BM is also dysregulated in an adipocyte deprived environment supporting the hypothesis that adipocytes are required for normal hematopoietic stem cell mobilization or retention. Altogether, these data suggest an important role for adipocytes, and possibly for the molecular interactions they provide within the BM, in maintaining the appropriate microenvironment for hematopoietic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Wilson
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - He Fu
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Center for Integrative Genomics, Genopode, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mariano Schiffrin
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Center for Integrative Genomics, Genopode, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carine Winkler
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Center for Integrative Genomics, Genopode, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Meriem Koufany
- IMoPA, UMR7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Yves Jouzeau
- IMoPA, UMR7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Nicolas Bonnet
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Federica Gilardi
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Center for Integrative Genomics, Genopode, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - François Renevey
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Immunity and Infection, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Sanjiv A Luther
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Immunity and Infection, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - David Moulin
- IMoPA, UMR7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,CHRU de Nancy, Contrat d'interface, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Béatrice Desvergne
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Center for Integrative Genomics, Genopode, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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El Dairi R, Huuskonen P, Pasanen M, Rysä J. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) ligand pioglitazone regulated gene networks in term human primary trophoblast cells. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 81:99-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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PPARγ Controls Ectopic Adipogenesis and Cross-Talks with Myogenesis During Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072044. [PMID: 30011852 PMCID: PMC6073847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a regenerative tissue which can repair damaged myofibers through the activation of tissue-resident muscle stem cells (MuSCs). Many muscle diseases with impaired regeneration cause excessive adipose tissue accumulation in muscle, alter the myogenic fate of MuSCs, and deregulate the cross-talk between MuSCs and fibro/adipogenic progenitors (FAPs), a bi-potent cell population which supports myogenesis and controls intra-muscular fibrosis and adipocyte formation. In order to better characterize the interaction between adipogenesis and myogenesis, we studied muscle regeneration and MuSC function in whole body Pparg null mice generated by epiblast-specific Cre/lox deletion (PpargΔ/Δ). We demonstrate that deletion of PPARγ completely abolishes ectopic muscle adipogenesis during regeneration and impairs MuSC expansion and myogenesis after injury. Ex vivo assays revealed that perturbed myogenesis in PpargΔ/Δ mice does not primarily result from intrinsic defects of MuSCs or from perturbed myogenic support from FAPs. The immune transition from a pro- to anti-inflammatory MuSC niche during regeneration is perturbed in PpargΔ/Δ mice and suggests that PPARγ signaling in macrophages can interact with ectopic adipogenesis and influence muscle regeneration. Altogether, our study demonstrates that a PPARγ-dependent adipogenic response regulates muscle fat infiltration during regeneration and that PPARγ is required for MuSC function and efficient muscle repair.
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39
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Toffoli B, Zennaro C, Winkler C, Giordano Attianese GMP, Bernardi S, Carraro M, Gilardi F, Desvergne B. Hemicentin 1 influences podocyte dynamic changes in glomerular diseases. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 314:F1154-F1165. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00198.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Different complex mechanisms control the morphology of podocyte foot processes and their interactions with the underlying basement membrane. Injuries to this system often cause glomerular dysfunction and albuminuria. The present study aimed at identifying early markers of glomerular damage in diabetic nephropathy. For this purpose, we performed a microarray analysis on kidneys of 3-wk-old peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ)-null and AZIP/F1 mice, which are two models of diabetic nephropathy due to lipodystrophy. This was followed by functional annotation of the enriched clusters of genes. One of the significant changes in the early stages of glomerular damage was the increase of hemicentin 1 (HMCN1). Its expression and distribution were then studied by real-time PCR and immunofluorescence in various models of glomerular damage and on podocyte cell cultures. HMCN1 progressively increased in the glomeruli of diabetic mice, according to disease severity, as well as in puromycin aminonucleoside (PA)-treated rats. Studies on murine and human podocytes showed an increased HMCN1 deposition upon different pathological stimuli, such as hyperglycemia, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and PA. In vitro silencing studies showed that HMCN1 mediated the rearrangements of podocyte cytoskeleton induced by TGF-β. Finally, we demonstrated an increased expression of HMCN1 in the kidneys of patients with proteinuric nephropathies. In summary, our studies identified HMCN1 as a new molecule involved in the dynamic changes of podocyte foot processes. Its increased expression associated with podocyte dysfunction points to HMCN1 as a possible marker for the early glomerular damage occurring in different proteinuric nephropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Toffoli
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Zennaro
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Carine Winkler
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Stella Bernardi
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Carraro
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Federica Gilardi
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Béatrice Desvergne
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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40
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Hasby Saad M, El-Anwar N, Lotfy S, Fouda M, Hasby E. Human placental PPAR-γ and SOX-2 expression in serologically proved toxoplasmosis. Parasite Immunol 2018; 40:e12529. [PMID: 29577332 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To explore PPAR-γ and SOX-2 transcription factors expression in placenta according to maternal anti-Toxoplasma gondii serological profile during pregnancy and pregnancy outcome. The study included 240 placentas, grouped according to IgM and IgG serostatus and then subgrouped according to pregnancy outcome that varied between miscarriages, premature labour, stillbirth and giving birth to CNS anomaly or apparently healthy neonates. Samples were H&E stained and histopathologically scored blindly. PPAR-γ expression was measured by ELISA, while SOX-2-positive nuclei were stained immunohistochemically to be calculated by ImageJ. The mean pathological score was significantly higher in IgM+ve and IgG rising than IgG-ve and persistent low groups. Former groups showed significantly higher PPAR-γ (mean = 258.63, 227.11). However, PPAR-γ was higher in apparently healthy neonate subgroups. SOX-2 was significantly lower in IgM+ve and IgG rising groups (mean = 12.87, 43.13) and associated with obvious fibrosis. SOX-2 lowest count was in CNS anomaly subgroup. PPAR-γ and SOX-2 changes may give clues of how Toxoplasma induces pathogenesis during vertical transmission. Triggering PPAR-γ expression may be a tool to downregulate the inflammatory response and establish a metabolically permissive cellular environment for Toxoplasma persistence. Low SOX-2 is suspected to disturb placental mesenchymal stem cells pluripotency and neuroectoderm development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hasby Saad
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - N El-Anwar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - S Lotfy
- Department of Gynaecology & Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - M Fouda
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - E Hasby
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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41
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Drewlo S, Armant DR. Quo vadis, trophoblast? Exploring the new ways of an old cell lineage. Placenta 2017; 60 Suppl 1:S27-S31. [PMID: 28483162 PMCID: PMC8146317 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Trophoblast cells are the first embryonic lineage to differentiate during human development, and are needed to sustain fetal life through their role in constructing a placenta. As the fetus grows, the trophoblast rapidly expands and further differentiates to produce an extravillous subtype that invades the maternal tissues. Some of the extravillous trophoblast cells find their way into the reproductive tract, and can be safely captured by noninvasive collection from the endocervical canal, similarly to a Pap smear. We are developing a new technology for investigating trophoblast cells residing in the cervix to better understand their development, and to glean information from them about pregnancy status. Trophoblast retrieval and isolation from the cervix (TRIC) efficiently isolates hundreds of trophoblast cells without limitations due to early gestational age, maternal obesity, or uteroplacental insufficiency disorders. Cells that appear to be extravillous trophoblast, based on their molecular phenotype, can be purified from Pap smears obtained between 5 and 20 weeks of gestation, using magnetic nanoparticles coupled to an antibody recognizing HLA-G that they specifically produce. Information about fetal genotype and adverse pregnancy outcomes has been obtained using TRIC, and could one day provide assessment of maternal and fetal risk of disease. As perinatal interventions for placental disorders and inherited congenital disorders emerge, TRIC could provide a key diagnostic tool for personalize precision pregnancy management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Drewlo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - D. Randall Armant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201
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42
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Ernszt D, Banfai K, Kellermayer Z, Pap A, Lord JM, Pongracz JE, Kvell K. PPARgamma Deficiency Counteracts Thymic Senescence. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1515. [PMID: 29163553 PMCID: PMC5681731 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymic senescence contributes to increased incidence of infection, cancer and autoimmunity at senior ages. This process manifests as adipose involution. As with other adipose tissues, thymic adipose involution is also controlled by PPARgamma. This is supported by observations reporting that systemic PPARgamma activation accelerates thymic adipose involution. Therefore, we hypothesized that decreased PPARgamma activity could prevent thymic adipose involution, although it may trigger metabolic adverse effects. We have confirmed that both human and murine thymic sections show marked staining for PPARgamma at senior ages. We have also tested the thymic lobes of PPARgamma haplo-insufficient and null mice. Supporting our working hypothesis both adult PPARgamma haplo-insufficient and null mice show delayed thymic senescence by thymus histology, thymocyte mouse T-cell recombination excision circle qPCR and peripheral blood naive T-cell ratio by flow-cytometry. Delayed senescence showed dose-response with respect to PPARgamma deficiency. Functional immune parameters were also evaluated at senior ages in PPARgamma haplo-insufficient mice (null mice do not reach senior ages due to metabolic adverse affects). As expected, sustained and elevated T-cell production conferred oral tolerance and enhanced vaccination efficiency in senior PPARgamma haplo-insufficient, but not in senior wild-type littermates according to ELISA IgG measurements. Of note, humans also show increased oral intolerance issues and decreased protection by vaccines at senior ages. Moreover, PPARgamma haplo-insufficiency also exists in human known as a rare disease (FPLD3) causing metabolic adverse effects, similar to the mouse. When compared to age- and metabolic disorder-matched other patient samples (FPLD2 not affecting PPARgamma activity), FPLD3 patients showed increased human Trec (hTrec) values by qPCR (within healthy human range) suggesting delayed thymic senescence, in accordance with mouse results and supporting our working hypothesis. In summary, our experiments prove that systemic decrease of PPARgamma activity prevents thymic senescence, albeit with metabolic drawbacks. However, thymic tissue-specific PPARgamma antagonism would likely solve the issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ernszt
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.,Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Banfai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.,Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Kellermayer
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Attila Pap
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Janet M Lord
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Inflammation and Aging, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Judit E Pongracz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.,Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Krisztian Kvell
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.,Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
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43
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New Transcriptional Reporters to Quantify and Monitor PPAR γ Activity. PPAR Res 2017; 2017:6139107. [PMID: 29225614 PMCID: PMC5684601 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6139107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome-proliferator-activated-receptor-γ (PPARγ) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that plays a critical role in diverse biological processes, including adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, and placental development. To study the activity of PPARγ, we constructed two new reporter genes: a fluorescent GFP-tagged histone-2B (PPRE-H2B-eGFP) and a secreted nanoluciferase (PPRE-pNL1.3[secNluc]). This study demonstrates their usage to monitor PPARγ activity in different cell types and screen for PPARγ's potential ligands.
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44
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Sardella C, Winkler C, Quignodon L, Hardman JA, Toffoli B, Giordano Attianese GMP, Hundt JE, Michalik L, Vinson CR, Paus R, Desvergne B, Gilardi F. Delayed Hair Follicle Morphogenesis and Hair Follicle Dystrophy in a Lipoatrophy Mouse Model of Pparg Total Deletion. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 138:500-510. [PMID: 28964716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PPARγ regulates multiple aspects of skin physiology, including sebocyte differentiation, keratinocyte proliferation, epithelial stem cell survival, adipocyte biology, and inflammatory skin responses. However, the effects of its global deletion, namely of nonredundant key functions of PPARγ signaling in mammalian skin, are yet unknown because of embryonic lethality. Here, we describe the skin and hair phenotype of a whole-body PPARγ-null mouse (PpargΔ/Δ), obtained by preserving PPARγ expression in the placenta. PpargΔ/Δ mice exhibited total lipoatrophy and complete absence of sebaceous glands. Right after birth, hair follicle (HF) morphogenesis was transiently delayed, along with reduced expression of HF differentiation markers and of transcriptional regulators necessary for HF development. Later, adult PpargΔ/Δ mice developed scarring alopecia and severe perifollicular inflammation. Skin analyses in other models of lipodystrophy, AZIPtg/+ and Adipoq-Cretg/+Ppargfl/fl mice, coupled with skin graft experiments, showed that the early defects observed in hair morphogenesis were caused by the absence of adipose tissue. In contrast, the late alteration of HF cycle and appearance of inflammation were observed only in PpargΔ/Δ mice and likely were due to the lack sebaceous glands. Our findings underscore the increasing appreciation for the importance of adipose tissue-mediated signals in HF development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Sardella
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carine Winkler
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laure Quignodon
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan A Hardman
- Centre for Dermatology Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Barbara Toffoli
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Jennifer E Hundt
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Liliane Michalik
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Charles R Vinson
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Laboratory of Metabolism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ralf Paus
- Centre for Dermatology Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Béatrice Desvergne
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Federica Gilardi
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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45
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Maternal HtrA3 optimizes placental development to influence offspring birth weight and subsequent white fat gain in adulthood. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4627. [PMID: 28676687 PMCID: PMC5496872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04867-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
High temperature requirement factor A3 (HtrA3), a member of the HtrA protease family, is highly expressed in the developing placenta, including the maternal decidual cells in both mice and humans. In this study we deleted the HtrA3 gene in the mouse and crossed females carrying zero, one, or two HtrA3-expressing alleles with HtrA3+/− males to investigate the role of maternal vs fetal HtrA3 in placentation. Although HtrA3−/− mice were phenotypically normal and fertile, HtrA3 deletion in the mother resulted in intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR). Disorganization of labyrinthine fetal capillaries was the major placental defect when HtrA3 was absent. The IUGR caused by maternal HtrA3 deletion, albeit being mild, significantly altered offspring growth trajectory long after birth. By 8 months of age, mice born to HtrA3-deficient mothers, independent of their own genotype, were significantly heavier and contained a larger mass of white fat. We further demonstrated that in women serum levels of HtrA3 during early pregnancy were significantly lower in IUGR pregnancies, establishing an association between lower HtrA3 levels and placental insufficiency in the human. This study thus revealed the importance of maternal HtrA3 in optimizing placental development and its long-term impact on the offspring well beyond in utero growth.
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46
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Zhang J, Peng X, Yuan A, Xie Y, Yang Q, Xue L. Peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ mediates porcine placental angiogenesis through hypoxia inducible factor‑, vascular endothelial growth factor‑ and angiopoietin‑mediated signaling. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:2636-2644. [PMID: 28677792 PMCID: PMC5548051 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ has been reported to be implicated in placentation in mice. Previous studies have demonstrated that PPARγ is also expressed in porcine placenta, primarily localized in vascular endothelial cells (VECs). The present study aimed to investigate the roles of PPARγ during porcine placental angiogenesis and examine the molecular mechanisms involved in its actions. VECs were incubated with the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone and the antagonist T0070907, and their angiogenic potential was evaluated using cellular impedance, wound healing and tube formation assays. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the mRNA expression levels of angiogenic factors, including hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) isoforms, VEGF receptors (VEGFRs) and angiopoietins (Angs). The results demonstrated that the adhesive, proliferative and migratory capabilities of VECs were potentiated by rosiglitazone and suppressed by T0070907. Notably, tube formation was invariably promoted during PPARγ activation and blockade. The mRNA expression levels of HIF1α, HIF2α, VEGFR2, VEGF188 and Ang-1 were revealed to be upregulated following treatment of VECs with rosiglitazone, whereas they were downregulated following treatment with T0070907. However, the mRNA expression levels of placental growth factor and VEGF120 were consistently downregulated following PPARγ activation and blockade, whereas VEGF164 mRNA levels remained unaltered. The results of the present study suggested that PPARγ may mediate porcine placental angiogenesis, by interfering with HIF-, VEGF- and angiopoietin-mediated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juzuo Zhang
- Department of Clinic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Peng
- Department of Clinic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P.R. China
| | - Anwen Yuan
- Department of Clinic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P.R. China
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Clinic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P.R. China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Clinic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P.R. China
| | - Liqun Xue
- Department of Clinic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P.R. China
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47
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Jiang Y, Berry DC, Jo A, Tang W, Arpke RW, Kyba M, Graff JM. A PPARγ transcriptional cascade directs adipose progenitor cell-niche interaction and niche expansion. Nat Commun 2017. [PMID: 28649987 PMCID: PMC5490270 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose progenitor cells (APCs) reside in a vascular niche, located within the perivascular compartment of adipose tissue blood vessels. Yet, the signals and mechanisms that govern adipose vascular niche formation and APC niche interaction are unknown. Here we show that the assembly and maintenance of the adipose vascular niche is controlled by PPARγ acting within APCs. PPARγ triggers a molecular hierarchy that induces vascular sprouting, APC vessel niche affinity and APC vessel occupancy. Mechanistically, PPARγ transcriptionally activates PDGFRβ and VEGF. APC expression and activation of PDGFRβ promotes the recruitment and retention of APCs to the niche. Pharmacologically, targeting PDGFRβ disrupts APC niche contact thus blocking adipose tissue expansion. Moreover, enhanced APC expression of VEGF stimulates endothelial cell proliferation and expands the adipose niche. Consequently, APC niche communication and retention are boosted by VEGF thereby impairing adipogenesis. Our data indicate that APCs direct adipose tissue niche expansion via a PPARγ-initiated PDGFRβ and VEGF transcriptional axis. Adipocyte progenitor cells (APCs) are found tethered to adipose tissue blood vessel walls and can differentiate into adipocytes. Here the authors show that PPARγ controls angiogenesis by stimulating APC–blood vessel interaction and retention via a transcriptional network that includes PDGFRβ and VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Jiang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Daniel C Berry
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Ayoung Jo
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Robert W Arpke
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Michael Kyba
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Jonathan M Graff
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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48
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Toffoli B, Gilardi F, Winkler C, Soderberg M, Kowalczuk L, Arsenijevic Y, Bamberg K, Bonny O, Desvergne B. Nephropathy in Pparg-null mice highlights PPARγ systemic activities in metabolism and in the immune system. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171474. [PMID: 28182703 PMCID: PMC5300244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor involved in many aspects of metabolism, immune response, and development. Total-body deletion of the two Pparg alleles provoked generalized lipoatrophy along with severe type 2 diabetes. Herein, we explore the appearance and development of structural and functional alterations of the kidney, comparing Pparg null-mice to their littermate controls (carrying Pparg floxed alleles). We show that renal hypertrophy and functional alterations with increased glucosuria and albuminuria are already present in 3 weeks-old Pparg null-mice. Renal insufficiency with decreased creatinine clearance progress at 7 weeks of age, with the advance of the type 2 diabetes. At 52 weeks of age, these alterations are accompanied by signs of fibrosis and mesangial expansion. More intriguingly, aged Pparg null-mice concomitantly present an anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS), characterized by the late appearance of microthrombi and a mesangioproliferative pattern of glomerular injury, associated with significant plasmatic levels of anti-β2- glycoprotein1 antibodies and renal deposition of IgG, IgM, and C3. Thus, in line with the role of PPARγ in metabolic homeostasis, Pparg null-mice first represent a potent model for studying the initiation and the development of diabetic nephropathy. Second, and in relation with the important PPARγ activity in inflammation and in immune system, these mice also highlight a new role for PPARγ signaling in the promotion of APS, a syndrome whose pathogenesis is poorly known and whose current treatment is limited to prevention of thrombosis events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Toffoli
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Federica Gilardi
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carine Winkler
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Laura Kowalczuk
- Unit of Gene Therapy & Stem Cell Biology, University of Lausanne, Department of Ophthalmology, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yvan Arsenijevic
- Unit of Gene Therapy & Stem Cell Biology, University of Lausanne, Department of Ophthalmology, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Olivier Bonny
- Service of Nephrology, Lausanne University Hospital and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Béatrice Desvergne
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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49
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Ganss R. Maternal Metabolism and Vascular Adaptation in Pregnancy: The PPAR Link. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2017; 28:73-84. [PMID: 27789100 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Current therapies for pregnancy-related hypertension and its complications remain inadequate, although an increasing role for maternal susceptibility is becoming evident. Systemic vascular dysfunction in response to imbalances in angiogenic, inflammatory, and constricting factors is implicated in the pathogenesis of gestational hypertension, and growing evidence now links these factors with maternal metabolism. In particular, the crucial role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in maternal vascular adaptation provides further insights into how obesity and gestational diabetes may be linked to pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia. This is especially important given the rapidly growing prevalence of obesity during pregnancy, and highlights a new approach to treat pregnancy-related hypertension and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Ganss
- Vascular Biology and Stromal Targeting, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Centre for Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
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50
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Rapp J, Kiss E, Meggyes M, Szabo-Meleg E, Feller D, Smuk G, Laszlo T, Sarosi V, Molnar TF, Kvell K, Pongracz JE. Increased Wnt5a in squamous cell lung carcinoma inhibits endothelial cell motility. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:915. [PMID: 27876017 PMCID: PMC5120464 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2943-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis is important both in normal tissue function and disease and represents a key target in lung cancer (LC) therapy. Unfortunately, the two main subtypes of non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLC) namely, adenocarcinoma (AC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) respond differently to anti-angiogenic e.g. anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A treatment with life-threatening side effects, often pulmonary hemorrhage in SCC. The mechanisms behind such adverse reactions are still largely unknown, although peroxisome proliferator activator receptor (PPAR) gamma as well as Wnt-s have been named as molecular regulators of the process. As the Wnt microenvironments in NSCLC subtypes are drastically different, we hypothesized that the particularly high levels of non-canonical Wnt5a in SCC might be responsible for alterations in blood vessel growth and result in serious adverse reactions. METHODS PPARgamma, VEGF-A, Wnt5a, miR-27b and miR-200b levels were determined in resected adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma samples by qRT-PCR and TaqMan microRNA assay. The role of PPARgamma in VEGF-A expression, and the role of Wnts in overall regulation was investigated using PPARgamma knock-out mice, cancer cell lines and fully human, in vitro 3 dimensional (3D), distal lung tissue aggregates. PPARgamma mRNA and protein levels were tested by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. PPARgamma activity was measured by a PPRE reporter system. The tissue engineered lung tissues expressing basal level and lentivirally delivered VEGF-A were treated with recombinant Wnts, chemical Wnt pathway modifiers, and were subjected to PPARgamma agonist and antagonist treatment. RESULTS PPARgamma down-regulation and VEGF-A up-regulation are characteristic to both AC and SCC. Increased VEGF-A levels are under direct control of PPARgamma. PPARgamma levels and activity, however, are under Wnt control. Imbalance of both canonical (in AC) and non-canonical (in SCC) Wnts leads to PPARgamma down-regulation. While canonical Wnts down-regulate PPARgamma directly, non-canonical Wnt5a increases miR27b that is known regulator of PPARgamma. CONCLUSION During carcinogenesis the Wnt microenvironment alters, which can downregulate PPARgamma leading to increased VEGF-A expression. Differences in the Wnt microenvironment in AC and SCC of NSCLC lead to PPARgamma decrease via mechanisms that differentially alter endothelial cell motility and branching which in turn can influence therapeutic response.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/blood supply
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Movement
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/blood supply
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- PPAR gamma/physiology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tumor Microenvironment
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
- Wnt-5a Protein/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rapp
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, 2 Rokus Str, Pecs, 7624, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Str, Pecs, 7622, Hungary
- Humeltis Ltd, János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Str, Pécs, 7622, Hungary
| | - E Kiss
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, 2 Rokus Str, Pecs, 7624, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Str, Pecs, 7622, Hungary
- Humeltis Ltd, János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Str, Pécs, 7622, Hungary
| | - M Meggyes
- Medical Microbiology and Immunity, University of Pécs, 12 Szigeti Str, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
- Humeltis Ltd, János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Str, Pécs, 7622, Hungary
| | - E Szabo-Meleg
- Biophysics, University of Pécs, 12 Szigeti Str, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Str, Pecs, 7622, Hungary
| | - D Feller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, 2 Rokus Str, Pecs, 7624, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Str, Pecs, 7622, Hungary
- Humeltis Ltd, János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Str, Pécs, 7622, Hungary
| | - G Smuk
- Pathology, University of Pécs, 12 Szigeti Str, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - T Laszlo
- Pathology, University of Pécs, 12 Szigeti Str, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - V Sarosi
- Internal Medicine, Pulmonology, University of Pécs, 2 Rakoczi Str, Pécs, 7623, Hungary
| | - T F Molnar
- Operational Medicine, University of Pécs, 12 Szigeti Str, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
- Department of Surgery, Thoracic Surgery Unit, Petz A Hospital, 2-4 Vasvari Str, Győr, 9023, Hungary
| | - K Kvell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, 2 Rokus Str, Pecs, 7624, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Str, Pecs, 7622, Hungary
| | - J E Pongracz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, 2 Rokus Str, Pecs, 7624, Hungary.
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Str, Pecs, 7622, Hungary.
- Humeltis Ltd, János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Str, Pécs, 7622, Hungary.
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