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Lin X, Wang X, Feng W, Wan Y, Chai J, Li F, Xu M. The Counteracting Effects of Ang II and Ang-(1-7) on the Function andGrowth of Insulin-secreting NIT-1 Cells. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e010124225112. [PMID: 38173074 DOI: 10.2174/0115733998276291231204115314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION China now has the highest number of diabetes in the world. Angiotensin II (Ang II) causes insulin resistance by acting on the insulin signaling pathway of peripheral target tissues. However, its effect on islet β-cells remains unclear. The possible role of Angiotensin-( 1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] as an antagonist to the effects of Ang II and in treating diabetes needs to be elucidated. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of Ang II and Ang-(1-7) on the function and growth of islet β cell line NIT-1, which is derived from the islets of non-obese diabetic/large T-antigen (NOD/LT) mice with insulinoma. METHODS NIT-1 cells were treated with Ang II, Ang-(1-7) and their respective receptor antagonists. The impact on cell function and growth was then evaluated. RESULTS Ang II significantly reduced insulin-stimulated IR-β-Tyr and Akt-Ser; while Ang-(1-7), saralasin (an Ang II receptor antagonist), and diphenyleneiodonium [DPI, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) antagonist] reversed the inhibiting effect. Conversely, Ang II significantly increased insulin-stimulated intracellular H2O2 and P47 phox, while saralasin and DPI reverted the effect. Furthermore, Ang-(1-7) reduced the elevated concentrations of ROS and MDA while increasing the proliferation rate that was reduced by high glucose, all of which were reversed by A-779, an antagonist of the Mas receptor (MasR). CONCLUSION Angiotensin II poses a negative regulatory effect on insulin signal transduction, increases oxidative stress, and may inhibit the transcription of insulin genes stimulated by insulin in NIT-1 cells. Meanwhile, angiotensin-(1-7) blocked these effects via MasR. These results corroborate the rising potential of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in treating diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhong Lin
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Weilian Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiani Chai
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingtong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Effectiveness of Hydroalcoholic Seed Extract of Securigera securidaca on Pancreatic Local Renin-Angiotensin System and Its Alternative Pathway in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Animal Model. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:7285036. [PMID: 36647426 PMCID: PMC9840543 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7285036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Available data suggest inhibition of the pancreatic local-renin-angiotensin system (RAS) reduces tissue complications of diabetes. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of hydroalcoholic seed extract of Securigera securidaca (S. securidaca) (HESS) on the pancreatic local-RAS and its alternative pathway. Methods Three doses of HESS were orally administered to three groups of diabetic male Wistar rats, and the results were compared with both diabetic and healthy control groups. After 35 days of treatment, the groups were assessed for the levels of pancreatic local-RAS components, including renin, angiotensinogen, ACE, and Ang II, as well as ACE2 and Ang-(1-7) in the alternative pathway. The effect of herbal medicine treatment on tissue damage status was investigated by evaluating tissue levels of oxidative stress, proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and through histopathological examination of the pancreas. Results HESS showed a dose-dependent palliative effect on the tissue oxidative stress profile (P < 0.05) as well as the levels of pancreatic local-RAS components (P < 0.05), compared to diabetic control group. Considering the interrelationship between tissue oxidative stress and local-RAS activity, the moderating effect of HESS on this relationship could be attributed to the increase in total tissue antioxidant capacity (TAC) and pancreatic Ang-(1-7) concentration. Decrease in local-RAS activity was associated with decrease in the tissue levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL1, IL6, and TNFα) (P < 0.05) and increase in the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine of IL-10 (P < 0.05). In addition, histological results were consistent with tissue biochemical results. Conclusions Due to the reduction of local pancreatic RAS activity as well as oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines following treatment with HESS, S. securidaca seed can be proposed as a suitable herbal supplement in the drug-treatment of diabetes.
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Godoy-Lugo JA, Mendez DA, Rodriguez R, Nishiyama A, Nakano D, Soñanez-Organis JG, Ortiz RM. Improved lipogenesis gene expression in liver is associated with elevated plasma angiotensin 1-7 after AT1 receptor blockade in insulin-resistant OLETF rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 555:111729. [PMID: 35921918 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Increased angiotensin II (Ang II) signaling contributes to insulin resistance and liver steatosis. In addition to ameliorating hypertension, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) improve lipid metabolism and hepatic steatosis, which are impaired with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Chronic blockade of the Ang II receptor type 1 (AT1) increases plasma angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7), which mediates mechanisms counterregulatory to AT1 signaling. Elevated plasma Ang 1-7 is associated with decreased plasma triacylglycerol (TAG), cholesterol, glucose, and insulin; however, the benefits of RAS modulation to prevent non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are not fully investigated. To better address the relationships among chronic ARB treatment, plasma Ang 1-7, and hepatic steatosis, three groups of 10-week-old-rats were studied: (1) untreated lean Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO), (2) untreated Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF), and (3) OLETF + ARB (ARB; 10 mg olmesartan/kg/d × 6 weeks). Following overnight fasting, rats underwent an acute glucose load to better understand the dynamic metabolic responses during hepatic steatosis and early MetS. Tissues were collected at baseline (pre-load; T0) and 1 and 2 h post-glucose load. AT1 blockade increased plasma Ang 1-7 and decreased liver lipids, which was associated with decreased fatty acid transporter 5 (FATP5) and fatty acid synthase (FASN) expression. AT1 blockade decreased liver glucose and increased glucokinase (GCK) expression. These results demonstrate that during MetS, overactivation of AT1 promotes hepatic lipid deposition that is stimulated by an acute glucose load and lipogenesis genes, suggesting that the chronic hyperglycemia associated with MetS contributes to fatty liver pathologies via an AT1-mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Godoy-Lugo
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA.
| | - Dora A Mendez
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Ruben Rodriguez
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Kagawa University Medical School, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nakano
- Department of Pharmacology, Kagawa University Medical School, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Jose G Soñanez-Organis
- Universidad de Sonora, Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Navojoa, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Rudy M Ortiz
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
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Ciechanowicz AK, Lay WX, Prado Paulino J, Suchocki E, Leszczak S, Leszczak C, Kucia M. Angiotensin 1–7 Stimulates Proliferation of Lung Bronchoalveolar Progenitors—Implications for SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132102. [PMID: 35805187 PMCID: PMC9266020 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to severe lung damage due to pneumonia and, in more severe cases, leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome, or ARDS. This affects the viability of bronchoalveolar cells. An important role in the pathogenesis of these complications is the hyperactivation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) pathway and induction of cytokine storm that occurs in an Nlrp3 inflammasome-dependent manner. To shed more light on the susceptibility of lung tissue to SARS-CoV-2 infection, we evaluated murine bronchioalveolar stem cells (BASC), alveolar type II cells (AT2), and 3D-derived organoids expression of mRNA encoding genes involved in virus entry into cells, components of RAA, and genes that comprise elements of the Nlrp3 inflammasome pathway. We noticed that all these genes are expressed by lung alveolar stem cells and organoids-derived from these cells. Interestingly, all these cells express a high level of ACE2 that, on the one hand, serves as an entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2 and, on the other, converts angiotensin II into its physiological antagonist, angiotensin 1–7 (Ang 1–7), which has been reported to have a protective role in lung damage. To shed more light on the role of Ang 1–7 on lung tissue, we exposed lung-derived BASC and AT2 cells to this mediator of RAA and noticed that it increases the proliferation of these cells. Based on this, Ang 1–7 could be employed to alleviate the damage to lung alveolar stem/progenitor cells during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej K. Ciechanowicz
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (W.X.L.); (J.P.P.); (E.S.); (S.L.); (C.L.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Wen Xin Lay
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (W.X.L.); (J.P.P.); (E.S.); (S.L.); (C.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Jefte Prado Paulino
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (W.X.L.); (J.P.P.); (E.S.); (S.L.); (C.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Erika Suchocki
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (W.X.L.); (J.P.P.); (E.S.); (S.L.); (C.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Susanne Leszczak
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (W.X.L.); (J.P.P.); (E.S.); (S.L.); (C.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Christian Leszczak
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (W.X.L.); (J.P.P.); (E.S.); (S.L.); (C.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Magdalena Kucia
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (W.X.L.); (J.P.P.); (E.S.); (S.L.); (C.L.); (M.K.)
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Biondi G, Marrano N, Borrelli A, Rella M, Palma G, Calderoni I, Siciliano E, Lops P, Giorgino F, Natalicchio A. Adipose Tissue Secretion Pattern Influences β-Cell Wellness in the Transition from Obesity to Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105522. [PMID: 35628332 PMCID: PMC9143684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of the β-cell functional mass, which is a reduction in the number of β-cells and their ability to secure adequate insulin secretion, represents a key mechanistic factor leading to the onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Obesity is recognised as a leading cause of β-cell loss and dysfunction and a risk factor for T2D. The natural history of β-cell failure in obesity-induced T2D can be divided into three steps: (1) β-cell compensatory hyperplasia and insulin hypersecretion, (2) insulin secretory dysfunction, and (3) loss of β-cell mass. Adipose tissue (AT) secretes many hormones/cytokines (adipokines) and fatty acids that can directly influence β-cell function and viability. As this secretory pattern is altered in obese and diabetic patients, it is expected that the cross-talk between AT and pancreatic β-cells could drive the maintenance of the β-cell integrity under physiological conditions and contribute to the reduction in the β-cell functional mass in a dysmetabolic state. In the current review, we summarise the evidence of the ability of the AT secretome to influence each step of β-cell failure, and attempt to draw a timeline of the alterations in the adipokine secretion pattern in the transition from obesity to T2D that reflects the progressive deterioration of the β-cell functional mass.
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Rajapaksha IG, Gunarathne LS, Asadi K, Laybutt R, Andrikopoulous S, Alexander IE, Watt MJ, Angus PW, Herath CB. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 Therapy Improves Liver Fibrosis and Glycemic Control in Diabetic Mice With Fatty Liver. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:1056-1072. [PMID: 34951153 PMCID: PMC9035567 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease and is frequently associated with type 2 diabetes. However, there is no specific medical therapy to treat this condition. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) of the protective renin angiotensin system generates the antifibrotic peptide angiotensin-(1-7) from profibrotic angiotensin II peptide. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of ACE2 in diabetic NAFLD mice fed a high-fat (20%), high-cholesterol (2%) diet for 40 weeks. Mice were given a single intraperitoneal injection of ACE2 using an adeno-associated viral vector at 30 weeks of high-fat, high-cholesterol diet (15 weeks after induction of diabetes) and sacrificed 10 weeks later. ACE2 significantly reduced liver injury and fibrosis in diabetic NAFLD mice compared with the control vector injected mice. This was accompanied by reductions in proinflammatory cytokine expressions, hepatic stellate cell activation, and collagen 1 expression. Moreover, ACE2 therapy significantly increased islet numbers, leading to an increased insulin protein content in β-cells and plasma insulin levels with subsequent reduction in plasma glucose levels compared with controls. Conclusion: We conclude that ACE2 gene therapy reduces liver fibrosis and hyperglycemia in diabetic NAFLD mice and has potential as a therapy for patients with NAFLD with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu G Rajapaksha
- Department of MedicineThe University of MelbourneAustin HealthHeidelbergVICAustralia
| | - Lakmie S Gunarathne
- Department of MedicineThe University of MelbourneAustin HealthHeidelbergVICAustralia
| | | | - Ross Laybutt
- Garvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyNSWAustralia.,St. Vincent's Clinical SchoolUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Sof Andrikopoulous
- Department of MedicineThe University of MelbourneAustin HealthHeidelbergVICAustralia
| | - Ian E Alexander
- School of MedicineUniversity of SydneyChildren's Medical Research InstituteSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Mathew J Watt
- Department Anatomy and PhysiologyThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Peter W Angus
- Department of MedicineThe University of MelbourneAustin HealthHeidelbergVICAustralia.,Department GastroenterologyAustin HealthHeidelbergVICAustralia
| | - Chandana B Herath
- Department of MedicineThe University of MelbourneAustin HealthHeidelbergVICAustralia.,South Western Sydney Clinical SchoolFaculty of MedicineUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia.,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical ResearchLiverpoolNSWAustralia
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Wu X, Yang M, He Y, Wang F, Kong Y, Ling TJ, Zhang J. EGCG-derived polymeric oxidation products enhance insulin sensitivity in db/db mice. Redox Biol 2022; 51:102259. [PMID: 35168078 PMCID: PMC8850334 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the influence of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and its autoxidation products on insulin sensitivity in db/db mice. Compared to EGCG, autoxidation products of EGCG alleviated diabetic symptoms by suppressing the deleterious renal axis of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), activating the beneficial hepatic axis of RAS, and downregulating hepatic and renal SELENOP and TXNIP. A molecular weight fraction study demonstrated that polymeric oxidation products were of essential importance. The mechanism of action involved coating polymeric oxidation products on the cell surface to protect against cholesterol loading, which induces abnormal RAS. Moreover, polymeric oxidation products could regulate RAS and SELENOP at doses that were far below cytotoxicity. The proof-of-principal demonstrations of EGCG-derived polymeric oxidation products open a new avenue for discovering highly active polymeric oxidation products based on the oxidation of naturally occurring polyphenols to manage diabetes and other diseases involving abnormal RAS. EGCG autoxidation forms polymeric oxidation products. The polymeric oxidation products are coated on the surface of cells or tissues. The surface coating regulates RAS, SELENOP, and TXNIP in db/db mice. The surface coating increases insulin sensitivity in db/db mice.
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Liu J, Li X, Wang X, Peng L, Song G, He J. Angiotensin(1-7) Improves Islet Function in Diabetes Through Reducing JNK/Caspase-3 Signaling. Horm Metab Res 2022; 54:250-258. [PMID: 35413746 DOI: 10.1055/a-1796-9286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate whether Angiotensin (1-7), the physiological antagonist of Angiotensin II (AngII), has antidiabetic activity and the possible mechanism. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group fed the normal diet, DM group fed high-fat diet and injected with STZ, and Angiotensin (1-7) group receiving injection of STZ followed by Angiotensin (1-7) treatment. Serum Ang II, fasting blood glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-beta were determined in control, diabetes and Angiotensin (1-7) groups. The increased AngII and insulin resistance in diabetes group were accompanied by changes in islet histopathology. However, Angiotensin (1-7) improved the islet function and histopathology in diabetes without affecting the level of AngII. Western blot confirmed that Angiotensin (1-7) decreased the cleaved caspase 3 levels in pancreas of DM. The increased expression of JNK, Bax, and Bcl2 genes under diabetic conditions were partially reversed after Angiotensin (1-7) administration in pancreas. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that p-JNK was markedly increased in islet of DM rats, which was markedly alleviated after Angiotensin (1-7) treatment. Furthermore, Angiotensin (1-7) reversed high glucose(HG) induced mitochondrial apoptosis augments. Finally, Angiotensin (1-7) attenuated the apoptosis of INS-1 cells through reducing JNK activation in diabetes, which was blocked by anisomycin (a potent agonist of JNK). Our findings provide supporting evidence that Angiotensin (1-7) improved the islet beta-cells apoptosis by JNK-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction, which might be a novel target for the treatment and prevention of beta-cells dysfunction in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lina Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Guoning Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Junhua He
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Seyedmehdi SM, Imanparast F, Mohaghegh P, Mahmoudian S, Dehlaqi MK, Mehvari F, Abdullah MP. Patients with severe COVID‐19 have reduced circulating levels of angiotensin‐(1–7): A cohort study. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e564. [PMID: 35308416 PMCID: PMC8919452 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) acts as a functional receptor for the entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 into host cells. Angiotensin (1–7) (Ang (1–7)) obtained from the function of ACE2 improves heart and lung function. We investigated the relationship between Ang (1–7) level and disease severity in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Methods This cohort study was carried out at Masih Daneshvari Hospital in Tehran, Iran from September 2020 to October 2020. To do so, the Ang (1–7) levels of 331 hospitalized COVID‐19 patients with and without underlying disease were measured by ELISA kit. The need for oxygen, intubation, and mechanical ventilation were recorded for all the patients. Results Results showed a significant inverse relationship between the levels of Ang 1–7 and the severity of the disease (needed oxygen, intubation, and mechanical ventilation). According to the results, median (interquartile range) of Ang (1–7) levels was significantly lower in patients who needed oxygen versus those who needed no oxygen (44.50 (91) vs. 82.25 (68), p = 0.002), patients who needed intubation and mechanical ventilation versus those who did not (9.80 (62) vs. 68.70 (102), p < 0.000) and patients hospitalized in an intensive care unit (ICU) than people hospitalized in other wards. We also found that the older patients were more in need of ICU and mechanical ventilation than younger patients. Conclusions Higher levels of Ang (1–7) have been associated with decreased disease severity. Besides this, we perceived that synthetic Ang 1–7 peptides may be useful to treat and reduce the complications of COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Imanparast
- Infectious Diseases Research Center (IDRC) Arak University of Medical Sciences Arak Iran
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Arak University of Medical Sciences Arak Iran
| | - Pegah Mohaghegh
- Community and Preventive Medicine Specialist, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Arak University of Medical sciences Arak Iran
| | - Saeed Mahmoudian
- Dr. Masih Daneshvari Hospital Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mona Karimi Dehlaqi
- Dr. Masih Daneshvari Hospital Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mehvari
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Arak University of Medical Sciences Arak Iran
| | - Mihan Pour Abdullah
- Dr. Masih Daneshvari Hospital Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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Cao X, Shi T, Zhang C, Jin W, Song L, Zhang Y, Liu J, Yang F, Rotimi CN, Xu A, Yang J. ACE2 pathway regulates thermogenesis and energy metabolism. eLife 2022; 11:72266. [PMID: 35014608 PMCID: PMC8776250 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of key regulators of energy homeostasis holds important therapeutic promise for metabolic disorders, such as obesity and diabetes. ACE2 cleaves angiotensin II (Ang II) to generate Ang-(1-7) which acts mainly through the Mas1 receptor. Here, we identify ACE2 pathway as a critical regulator in the maintenance of thermogenesis and energy expenditure. We found that ACE2 is highly expressed in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and that cold stimulation increases ACE2 and Ang-(1-7) levels in BAT and serum. Ace2 knockout mice (Ace2-/y) and Mas1 knockout mice (Mas1-/-) displayed impaired thermogenesis. Mice transplanted with brown adipose tissue from Mas1-/- display metabolic abnormalities consistent with those seen in the Ace2 and Mas1 knockout mice. In contrast, impaired thermogenesis of Leprdb/db obese diabetic mice and high-fat diet-induced obese mice were ameliorated by overexpression of Ace2 or continuous infusion of Ang-(1-7). Activation of ACE2 pathway was associated with improvement of metabolic parameters, including blood glucose, lipids, and energy expenditure in multiple animal models. Consistently, ACE2 pathway remarkably enhanced the browning of white adipose tissue. Mechanistically, we showed that ACE2 pathway activated Akt/FoxO1 and PKA pathway, leading to induction of UCP1 and activation of mitochondrial function. Our data propose that adaptive thermogenesis requires regulation of ACE2 pathway and highlight novel potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Cao
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Shi
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanhai Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Meical Center at Dallas, Dallas, United States
| | - Wanzhu Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lini Song
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yichen Zhang
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Liu
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fangyuan Yang
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Charles N Rotimi
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Aimin Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jinkui Yang
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Zhang XL, Zhao X, Wu Y, Huang WQ, Chen JJ, Hu P, Liu W, Chen YW, Hao J, Xie RR, Chan HC, Ruan YC, Chen H, Guo J. Angiotensin(1-7) activates MAS-1 and upregulates CFTR to promote insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells: the association with type 2 diabetes. Endocr Connect 2022; 11:EC-21-0357. [PMID: 34825893 PMCID: PMC8789014 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The beneficial effect of angiotensin(1-7) (Ang(1-7)), via the activation of its receptor, MAS-1, has been noted in diabetes treatment; however, how Ang(1-7) or MAS-1 affects insulin secretion remains elusive and whether the endogenous level of Ang(1-7) or MAS-1 is altered in diabetic individuals remains unexplored. We recently identified an important role of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a cAMP-activated Cl- channel, in the regulation of insulin secretion. Here, we tested the possible involvement of CFTR in mediating Ang(1-7)'s effect on insulin secretion and measured the level of Ang(1-7), MAS-1 as well as CFTR in the blood of individuals with or without type 2 diabetes. METHODS Ang(1-7)/MAS-1/CFTR pathway was determined by specific inhibitors, gene manipulation, Western blotting as well as insulin ELISA in a pancreatic β-cell line, RINm5F. Human blood samples were collected from 333 individuals with (n = 197) and without (n = 136) type 2 diabetes. Ang(1-7), MAS-1 and CFTR levels in the human blood were determined by ELISA. RESULTS In RINm5F cells, Ang(1-7) induced intracellular cAMP increase, cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) activation, enhanced CFTR expression and potentiated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, which were abolished by a selective CFTR inhibitor, RNAi-knockdown of CFTR, or inhibition of MAS-1. In human subjects, the blood levels of MAS-1 and CFTR, but not Ang(1-7), were significantly higher in individuals with type 2 diabetes as compared to those in non-diabetic healthy subjects. In addition, blood levels of MAS-1 and CFTR were in significant positive correlation in type-2 diabetic but not non-diabetic subjects. CONCLUSION These results suggested that MAS-1 and CFTR as key players in mediating Ang(1-7)-promoted insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells; MAS-1 and CFTR are positively correlated and both upregulated in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Lian Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Zhao
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wen-qing Huang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun-jiang Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to H Chen or J Guo: or
| | - Peijie Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Wen Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to H Chen or J Guo: or
| | - Jin Hao
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rong-Rong Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hsiao Chang Chan
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ye Chun Ruan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Cell-Gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to H Chen or J Guo: or
| | - Jinghui Guo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to H Chen or J Guo: or
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Memon B, Abdelalim EM. ACE2 function in the pancreatic islet: Implications for relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and diabetes. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 233:e13733. [PMID: 34561952 PMCID: PMC8646749 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The molecular link between SARS-CoV-2 infection and susceptibility is not well understood. Nonetheless, a bi-directional relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and diabetes has been proposed. The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is considered as the primary protein facilitating SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 attachment and entry into the host cells. Studies suggested that ACE2 is expressed in the endocrine cells of the pancreas including beta cells, in addition to the lungs and other organs; however, its expression in the islets, particularly beta cells, has been met with some contradiction. Importantly, ACE2 plays a crucial role in glucose homoeostasis and insulin secretion by regulating beta cell physiology. Given the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to infect human pluripotent stem cell-derived pancreatic cells in vitro and the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in pancreatic samples from COVID-19 patients strongly hints that SARS-CoV-2 can invade the pancreas and directly cause pancreatic injury and diabetes. However, more studies are required to dissect the underpinning molecular mechanisms triggered in SARS-CoV-2-infected islets that lead to aggravation of diabetes. Regardless, it is important to understand the function of ACE2 in the pancreatic islets to design relevant therapeutic interventions in combatting the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on diabetes pathophysiology. Herein, we detail the function of ACE2 in pancreatic beta cells crucial for regulating insulin sensitivity, secretion, and glucose metabolism. Also, we discuss the potential role played by ACE2 in aiding SARS-COV-2 entry into the pancreas and the possibility of ACE2 cooperation with alternative entry factors as well as how that may be linked to diabetes pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Memon
- College of Health and Life Sciences Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU)Qatar Foundation Doha Qatar
- Diabetes Research Center Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI)Hamad Bin KhalifaUniversity (HBKU)Qatar Foundation (QF) Doha Qatar
| | - Essam M. Abdelalim
- College of Health and Life Sciences Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU)Qatar Foundation Doha Qatar
- Diabetes Research Center Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI)Hamad Bin KhalifaUniversity (HBKU)Qatar Foundation (QF) Doha Qatar
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Mariam A, Miller-Atkins G, Pantalone KM, Zimmerman RS, Barnard J, Kattan MW, Shah H, McLeod HL, Doria A, Wagner MJ, Buse JB, Motsinger-Reif AA, Rotroff DM. A Type 2 Diabetes Subtype Responsive to ACCORD Intensive Glycemia Treatment. Diabetes Care 2021; 44:1410-1418. [PMID: 33863751 PMCID: PMC8247498 DOI: 10.2337/dc20-2700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Current type 2 diabetes (T2D) management contraindicates intensive glycemia treatment in patients with high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and is partially motivated by evidence of harms in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial. Heterogeneity in response to intensive glycemia treatment has been observed, suggesting potential benefit for some individuals. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS ACCORD was a randomized controlled trial that investigated whether intensively treating glycemia in individuals with T2D would reduce CVD outcomes. Using a novel approach to cluster HbA1c trajectories, we identified groups in the intensive glycemia arm with modified CVD risk. Genome-wide analysis and polygenic score (PS) were developed to predict group membership. Mendelian randomization was performed to infer causality. RESULTS We identified four clinical groupings in the intensive glycemia arm, and clinical group 4 (C4) displayed fewer CVD (hazard ratio [HR] 0.34; P = 2.01 × 10-3) and microvascular outcomes (HR 0.86; P = 0.015) than those receiving standard treatment. A single-nucleotide polymorphism, rs220721, in MAS1 reached suggestive significance in C4 (P = 4.34 × 10-7). PS predicted C4 with high accuracy (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.98), and this predicted C4 displayed reduced CVD risk with intensive versus standard glycemia treatment (HR 0.53; P = 4.02 × 10-6), but not reduced risk of microvascular outcomes (P < 0.05). Mendelian randomization indicated causality between PS, on-trial HbA1c, and reduction in CVD outcomes (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We found evidence of a T2D clinical group in ACCORD that benefited from intensive glycemia treatment, and membership in this group could be predicted using genetic variants. This study generates new hypotheses with implications for precision medicine in T2D and represents an important development in this landmark clinical trial warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshiya Mariam
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Galen Miller-Atkins
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Kevin M Pantalone
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - John Barnard
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Michael W Kattan
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Hetal Shah
- Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Howard L McLeod
- Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | | | - Michael J Wagner
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - John B Buse
- Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Alison A Motsinger-Reif
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Daniel M Rotroff
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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Lässig F, Klann A, Bekeschus S, Lendeckel U, Wolke C. Expression of canonical transient receptor potential channels in U-2 OS and MNNG-HOS osteosarcoma cell lines. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:307. [PMID: 33732383 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In U-2 OS and MNNG-HOS osteosarcoma cells, small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of the angiotensin-(1-7) receptor, Mas, increases cell proliferation. Whether alterations in canonical transient receptor potential channels (TRPC) expression contribute to this effect is not clear. In the present study, a basic description of TRPC subtype expression in osteosarcoma cell lines was provided. The pharmacological modulators of the angiotensin-(1-7) receptor, Mas, AVE0991 (agonist), or D-Ala7-Ang-(1-7) (antagonist) were applied to elucidate a possible role of Mas in the regulation of TRPC mRNA levels. The contribution of other G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) or receptor tyrosine kinases to TRCP expression was studied by applying the selective pharmacological blockers of either PI3 kinase or MEK/Erk1/2 signaling, Ly294002 and PD98059. AVE0991 and D-Ala7-Ang-(1-7) exhibited no or marginal effects on TRPC mRNA expression. Ly294002 provoked a 9.6- and 5.9-fold increase in the amounts of TRPC5 mRNA in MNNG-HOS and U-2 OS cells, respectively. Additionally, Ly294002 increased TRPC6 mRNA levels; however, it had no effect on TRPCs 1, 3 and 4. Administration of PD98059 increased the amounts of TRPC6 and TRPC4 ~2-fold. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that Mas-dependent alterations in osteosarcoma cell line proliferation were not mediated by any changes in TRPC subtype gene expression. The data shows in principle, and consistent with the literature, that the signaling pathways examined can regulate the expression of TRPCs at the mRNA level. Therefore, direct and signaling pathway-specific pharmacological targeting of TRPC subtypes may represent an option for improving the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lässig
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anja Klann
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- Zentrum für Innovationskompetenz (ZIK) plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Lendeckel
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Carmen Wolke
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany
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15
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Verma A, Zhu P, Xu K, Du T, Liao S, Liang Z, Raizada MK, Li Q. Angiotensin-(1-7) Expressed From Lactobacillus Bacteria Protect Diabetic Retina in Mice. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:20. [PMID: 33344064 PMCID: PMC7735952 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.13.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose A multitude of animal studies substantiates the beneficial effects of Ang-(1–7), a peptide hormone in the protective axis of the renin angiotensin system, in diabetes and its associated complications including diabetic retinopathy (DR). However, the clinical application of Ang-(1–7) is limited due to unfavorable pharmacological properties. As emerging evidence implicates gut dysbiosis in pathogenesis of diabetes and supports beneficial effects of probiotics, we sought to develop probiotics-based expression and delivery system to enhance Ang-(1–7) and evaluate the efficacy of engineered probiotics expressing Ang-(1–7) in attenuation of DR in animal models. Methods Ang-(1–7) was expressed in the Lactobacillus species as a secreted fusion protein with a trans-epithelial carrier to allow uptake into circulation. To evaluate the effects of Ang-(1–7) expressed from Lactobacillus paracasei (LP), adult diabetic eNOS−/− and Akita mice were orally gavaged with either 1 × 109 CFU of LP secreting Ang-(1–7) (LP-A), LP alone or vehicle, 3 times/week, for 8 and 12 weeks, respectively. Results Ang-(1–7) is efficiently expressed from different Lactobacillus species and secreted into circulation in mice fed with LP-A. Oral administration of LP-A significantly reduced diabetes-induced loss of retinal vascular capillaries. LP-A treatment also prevented loss of retinal ganglion cells, and significantly decreased retinal inflammatory cytokine expression in both diabetic eNOS−/− and Akita mice. Conclusions These results provide proof-of-concept for feasibility and efficacy of using engineered probiotic species as live vector for delivery of Ang-(1–7) with enhanced bioavailability. Translational Relevance Probiotics-based delivery of Ang-(1–7) may hold important therapeutic potential for the treatment of DR and other diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrisha Verma
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kang Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Tao Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Shengquan Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Zhibing Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mohan K Raizada
- Physiology & Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Qiuhong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Angiotensin-(1-7) Improves Integrated Cardiometabolic Function in Aged Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145131. [PMID: 32698498 PMCID: PMC7403973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) is a beneficial renin–angiotensin system (RAS) hormone that elicits protective cardiometabolic effects in young animal models of hypertension, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. The impact of Ang-(1-7) on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes during aging, however, remains unexplored. This study tested the hypothesis that Ang-(1-7) attenuates age-related elevations in blood pressure and insulin resistance in mice. Young adult (two-month-old) and aged (16-month-old) male C57BL/6J mice received Ang-(1-7) (400 ng/kg/min) or saline for six-weeks via a subcutaneous osmotic mini-pump. Arterial blood pressure and metabolic function indices (body composition, insulin sensitivity, and glucose tolerance) were measured at the end of treatment. Adipose and cardiac tissue masses and cardiac RAS, sympathetic and inflammatory marker gene expression were also measured. We found that chronic Ang-(1-7) treatment decreased systolic and mean blood pressure, with a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure. Ang-(1-7) also improved insulin sensitivity in aged mice to levels in young mice, without effects on glucose tolerance or body composition. The blood pressure–lowering effects of Ang-(1-7) in aged mice were associated with reduced sympathetic outflow to the heart. These findings suggest Ang-(1-7) may provide a novel pharmacological target to improve age-related cardiometabolic risk.
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17
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Li J, Zhu R, Liu Y, Yang J, Wang X, Geng L, Xu T, He J. Angiotensin-(1-7) Improves Islet Function in a Rat Model of Streptozotocin- Induced Diabetes Mellitus by Up-Regulating the Expression of Pdx1/Glut2. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:156-162. [PMID: 32679026 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200717161538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effects of angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)) on glucose metabolism, islet function and insulin resistance in a rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) and investigate its mechanism. METHODS Thirty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group, which was fed a standard diet, DM group, high-fat diet and injected with streptozotocin, and Ang-(1-7) group receiving an injection of streptozotocin followed by Ang-(1-7) treatment. Blood glucose level, fasting serum Ang II and insulin levels, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were measured. The pancreases were collected for histological examination, protein and gene expression analysis. RESULTS Compared with the control group, fasting blood glucose, serum angiotensin II level, and HOMA-IR value increased, while serum insulin level decreased in the DM group. Moreover, islet structure was damaged, β cells were irregularly arranged, the cytoplasm was loose in the DM group. Expressions of Pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 (Pdx1), glucose transporter-2 (Glut2) and glucokinase (Gk) were significantly decreased in the DM group compared with the control group. However, the DM-associated changes were dramatically reversed following Ang-(1-7) treatment. CONCLUSION Ang-(1-7) protects against streptozotocin-induced DM through the improvement of insulin secretion, insulin resistance and islet fibrosis, which is associated with the upregulation of Pdx1, Glut2 and Gk expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ruifang Zhu
- School of Nursing, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yalin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jinhui Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Lisha Geng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Junhua He
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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18
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Shete A. Urgent need for evaluating agonists of angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis for treating patients with COVID-19. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 96:348-351. [PMID: 32389847 PMCID: PMC7204665 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ACE2 is a receptor of entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the host cells, and its upregulation has been implicated in increasing susceptibility of individuals to this infection. The clinical picture of COVID-19 suggests a role of ACE2 blockade, rather than its overexpression, in causing the pathogenesis. ACE2 blockade results in increased angiotensin II activity with simultaneous hampering of functions of angiotensin-(1-7)/MasR axis. Acute respiratory distress due to interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, cardiomyopathy and shock reported in COVID-19 patients can be explained by imbalanced angiotensin II and angiotensin-(1-7) activities. Failure of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers to control the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections indicates the importance of simultaneous induction of angiotensin-(1-7)/MasR axis for correcting pathological conditions in COVID-19 through its anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory, and cardioprotective roles. MasR agonists have also shown organ protective effects in a number of animal studies. Unfortunately, these agonists have not been tested in clinical studies. Their evaluation in seriously ill COVID-19 patients is urgently warranted to reduce mortality due to infection.
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Dierschke SK, Toro AL, Barber AJ, Arnold AC, Dennis MD. Angiotensin-(1-7) Attenuates Protein O-GlcNAcylation in the Retina by EPAC/Rap1-Dependent Inhibition of O-GlcNAc Transferase. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:24. [PMID: 32068794 PMCID: PMC7326568 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.2.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose O-GlcNAcylation of cellular proteins contributes to the pathophysiology of diabetes and evidence supports a role for augmented O-GlcNAcylation in diabetic retinopathy. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the renin-angiotensin system on retinal protein O-GlcNAcylation. Methods Mice fed a high-fat diet were treated chronically with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril or captopril plus the angiotensin-(1-7) Mas receptor antagonist A779. Western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to analyze retinal homogenates. Similar analyses were performed on lysates from human MIO-M1 retinal Müller cell cultures exposed to media supplemented with angiotensin-(1-7). Culture conditions were manipulated to influence the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and/or signaling downstream of the Mas receptor. Results In the retina of mice fed a high-fat diet, captopril attenuated protein O-GlcNAcylation in a manner dependent on Mas receptor activation. In MIO-M1 cells, angiotensin-(1-7) or adenylate cyclase activation were sufficient to enhance cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels and inhibit O-GlcNAcylation. The repressive effect of cAMP on O-GlcNAcylation was dependent on exchange protein activated by cAMP (EPAC), but not protein kinase A, and was recapitulated by a constitutively active variant of the small GTPase Rap1. We provide evidence that cAMP and angiotensin-(1-7) act to suppress O-GlcNAcylation by inhibition of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) activity. In cells exposed to an O-GlcNAcase inhibitor or hyperglycemic culture conditions, mitochondrial superoxide levels were elevated; however, angiotensin-(1-7) signaling prevented the effect. Conclusions Angiotensin-(1-7) inhibits retinal protein O-GlcNAcylation via an EPAC/Rap1/OGT signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadie K. Dierschke
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Allyson L. Toro
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Alistair J. Barber
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States,Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States,Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Amy C. Arnold
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Michael D. Dennis
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States,Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
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Ramalingam L, Sopontammarak B, Menikdiwela KR, Moustaid-Moussa N. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress in Part Mediates Effects of Angiotensin II in Pancreatic Beta Cells. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:2843-2853. [PMID: 32884312 PMCID: PMC7443445 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s257797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) is a hormone system known for its role in regulating blood pressure and fluid balance. Numerous RAAS inhibitors routinely prescribed for hypertension have also beneficial effects in type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevention. RAAS components are expressed locally in many tissues, including adipose tissue and pancreas, where they exert metabolic effects through RAAS bioactive hormone angiotensin II (Ang II). Pancreatic beta cells are specialized insulin-producing cells; they have also developed endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which contributes to beta cell dysfunction, when proteins are misfolded in disease states such as T2D. However, no studies have investigated the relationship between RAAS and ER stress in beta cells as a mechanism linking pancreatic RAAS to T2D. Hence, we hypothesized that Ang II treatment of beta cells increases ER stress and inflammation leading to reduced insulin secretion. METHODS To test this hypothesis, we treated clonal INS-1E beta cells and human islets with Ang II and assessed changes in ER stress markers. INS-1E beta cells were also used for measuring insulin secretion and for assessing the effects of various RAAS and ER stress inhibitors. RESULTS We demonstrated that Ang II significantly increased the expression of ER stress genes such as Chop and Atf4 and reduced insulin secretion. Furthermore, inhibition of Ang II production with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi, captopril) significantly reduced ER stress. Moreover, the Ang II receptor blockade reduced ER stress significantly and rescued insulin secretion. DISCUSSION This research provides new mechanistic insight into the role of RAAS activation via ER stress on beta cell dysfunction and provides additional evidence for protective effects of RAAS inhibition in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latha Ramalingam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, And Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX79424, USA
| | - Boontharick Sopontammarak
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, And Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX79424, USA
| | - Kalhara R Menikdiwela
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, And Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX79424, USA
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, And Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX79424, USA
- Correspondence: Naima Moustaid-Moussa Texas Tech University, Department of Nutritional Sciences & Obesity Research Institute, 1301 Akron Street, Lubbock, TX79409-1270, USATel + 806-834-7946 Email
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White MC, Miller AJ, Loloi J, Bingaman SS, Shen B, Wang M, Silberman Y, Lindsey SH, Arnold AC. Sex differences in metabolic effects of angiotensin-(1-7) treatment in obese mice. Biol Sex Differ 2019; 10:36. [PMID: 31315689 PMCID: PMC6637512 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-019-0251-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angiotensin-(1-7) is a beneficial hormone of the renin-angiotensin system known to play a positive role in regulation of blood pressure and glucose homeostasis. Previous studies have shown that in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese male mice, circulating angiotensin-(1-7) levels are reduced and chronic restoration of this hormone reverses diet-induced insulin resistance; however, this has yet to be examined in female mice. We hypothesized angiotensin-(1-7) would improve insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in obese female mice, to a similar extent as previously observed in male mice. Methods Five-week-old male and female C57BL/6J mice (8–12/group) were placed on control diet or HFD (16% or 59% kcal from fat, respectively) for 11 weeks. After 8 weeks of diet, mice were implanted with an osmotic pump for 3-week subcutaneous delivery of angiotensin-(1-7) (400 ng/kg/min) or saline vehicle. During the last week of treatment, body mass and composition were measured and intraperitoneal insulin and glucose tolerance tests were performed to assess insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, respectively. Mice were euthanized at the end of the study for blood and tissue collection. Results HFD increased body mass and adiposity in both sexes. Chronic angiotensin-(1-7) infusion significantly decreased body mass and adiposity and increased lean mass in obese mice of both sexes. While both sexes tended to develop mild hyperglycemia in response to HFD, female mice developed less marked hyperinsulinemia. There was no effect of angiotensin-(1-7) on fasting glucose or insulin levels among diet and sex groups. Male and female mice similarly developed insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in response to HFD feeding. Angiotensin-(1-7) improved insulin sensitivity in both sexes but corrected glucose intolerance only in obese female mice. There were no effects of sex or angiotensin-(1-7) treatment on any of the study outcomes in control diet-fed mice. Conclusions This study provides new evidence for sex differences in the impact of chronic angiotensin-(1-7) in obese mice, with females having greater changes in glucose tolerance with treatment. These findings improve understanding of sex differences in renin-angiotensin mechanisms in obesity and illustrate the potential for targeting angiotensin-(1-7) for treatment of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa C White
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Amanda J Miller
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive Mail Code H109, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Justin Loloi
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive Mail Code H109, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Sarah S Bingaman
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive Mail Code H109, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Biyi Shen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Yuval Silberman
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive Mail Code H109, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Sarah H Lindsey
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, #8683, USA
| | - Amy C Arnold
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive Mail Code H109, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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White MC, Fleeman R, Arnold AC. Sex differences in the metabolic effects of the renin-angiotensin system. Biol Sex Differ 2019; 10:31. [PMID: 31262355 PMCID: PMC6604144 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-019-0247-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic that greatly increases risk for developing cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes. Sex differences in the obese phenotype are well established in experimental animal models and clinical populations. While having higher adiposity and obesity prevalence, females are generally protected from obesity-related metabolic and cardiovascular complications. This protection is, at least in part, attributed to sex differences in metabolic effects of hormonal mediators such as the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Previous literature has predominantly focused on the vasoconstrictor arm of the RAS and shown that, in contrast to male rodent models of obesity and diabetes, females are protected from metabolic and cardiovascular derangements produced by angiotensinogen, renin, and angiotensin II. A vasodilator arm of the RAS has more recently emerged which includes angiotensin-(1-7), angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), mas receptors, and alamandine. While accumulating evidence suggests that activation of components of this counter-regulatory axis produces positive effects on glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and energy balance in male animal models, female comparison studies and clinical data related to metabolic outcomes are lacking. This review will summarize current knowledge of sex differences in metabolic effects of the RAS, focusing on interactions with gonadal hormones and potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa C White
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca Fleeman
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Mail Code H109, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Amy C Arnold
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Mail Code H109, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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Lelis DDF, Freitas DFD, Machado AS, Crespo TS, Santos SHS. Angiotensin-(1-7), Adipokines and Inflammation. Metabolism 2019; 95:36-45. [PMID: 30905634 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays the adipose tissue is recognized as one of the most critical endocrine organs releasing many adipokines that regulate metabolism, inflammation and body homeostasis. There are several described adipokines, including the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components that are especially activated in some diseases with increased production of angiotensin II and several pro-inflammatory hormones. On the other hand, RAS also expresses angiotensin-(1-7), which is now recognized as the main peptide on counteracting Ang II effects. New studies have shown that increased activation of ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/MasR arm can revert and prevent local and systemic dysfunctions improving lipid profile and insulin resistance by modulating insulin actions, and reducing inflammation. In this context, the present review shows the interaction and relevance of Ang-(1-7) effects on regulating adipokines, and as one adipokine itself, modulating body homeostasis, with emphasis on its anti-inflammatory properties, especially in the context of metabolic disorders with focus on obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah de Farias Lelis
- Laboratory of Health Sciences, Post Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniela Fernanda de Freitas
- Laboratory of Health Sciences, Post Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Amanda Souto Machado
- Laboratory of Health Sciences, Post Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thaísa Soares Crespo
- Laboratory of Health Sciences, Post Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Henrique Sousa Santos
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Food Engineering College, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Laboratory of Health Sciences, Post Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Kuipers A, Moll GN, Wagner E, Franklin R. Efficacy of lanthionine-stabilized angiotensin-(1-7) in type I and type II diabetes mouse models. Peptides 2019; 112:78-84. [PMID: 30529303 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Native angiotensin-(1-7) exerts many therapeutic effects. However, it is rapidly degraded by ACE and other peptidases. This drawback is largely eliminated for lanthionine-stabilized angiotensin-(1-7), termed cAng-(1-7), which is fully resistant to ACE and has strongly increased resistance to other peptidases. Goal of the present study was to test whether cAng-(1-7) has therapeutic activity in diabetes mouse models: in a multiple low dose streptozotocin-induced model of type I diabetes and / or in a db/db model of type II diabetes. In the type I diabetes model cAng-(1-7) caused in an increase in the insulin level of 133% in week 4 (p < 0.001) compared to vehicle, and in the type II diabetes model an increase of 55% of the insulin level in week 8 (p < 0.05) compared to vehicle. cAng-(1-7) reduced blood glucose levels in the type I model by 37% at day 22 (p < 0.001) and in the type II diabetes model by 17% at day 63 of treatment (p < 0.001) and in an oral glucose tolerance test in a type II diabetes model, by 17% at week 4 (p < 0.01). cAng-(1-7) also caused a reduction of glycated hemoglobin levels in the type II diabetes model of 21% in week 6 (p < 0,001). These data are consistent with therapeutic potential of cAng-(1-7) in type I and II diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneke Kuipers
- Lanthio Pharma, a MorphoSys AG company, 9727 DL, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gert N Moll
- Lanthio Pharma, a MorphoSys AG company, 9727 DL, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Elizabeth Wagner
- Constant Pharmaceuticals LLC, 398 Columbus Ave, PMB 507, Boston, MA, 02116, USA
| | - Rick Franklin
- Constant Pharmaceuticals LLC, 398 Columbus Ave, PMB 507, Boston, MA, 02116, USA
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25
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Santos RAS. Genetic Models. ANGIOTENSIN-(1-7) 2019. [PMCID: PMC7120897 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-22696-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Genetically altered rat and mouse models have been instrumental in the functional analysis of genes in a physiological context. In particular, studies on the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) have profited from this technology in the past. In this review, we summarize the existing animal models for the protective axis of the RAS consisting of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), angiotensin-(1-7)(Ang-(1-7), and its receptor Mas. With the help of models with altered expression of the components of this axis in the brain and cardiovascular organs, its physiological and pathophysiological functions have been elucidated. Thus, novel opportunities for therapeutic interventions in cardiovascular diseases were revealed targeting ACE2 or Mas.
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Graus-Nunes F, Souza-Mello V. The renin-angiotensin system as a target to solve the riddle of endocrine pancreas homeostasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:639-645. [PMID: 30404071 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the pancreas is linked to the modulation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in beta cells and insulin sensitivity in target tissues, emerging as a promising tool in the prevention and/or treatment of obesity, diabetes, and systemic arterial hypertension. Insulin resistance alters pancreatic islet cell distribution and morphology and hypertrophied islets exhibit upregulated angiotensin II type 1 receptor, which drives oxidative stress, apoptosis, and fibrosis, configuring beta cell dysfunction and diminishing islet lifespan. Pharmacological modulation of RAS has shown beneficial effects in diet-induced obesity model, mainly related to the translational potential that angiotensin receptor blockers and ECA2/ANG (1-7)/MAS receptor axis modulation have when it comes to islet preservation and type 2 diabetes prevention and/or treatment. This review describes the existing evidence for different approaches to blocking RAS elements in the management of insulin resistance and diabetes and focuses on islet remodeling and GSIS in rodents and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francielle Graus-Nunes
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Souza-Mello
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Robichaux WG, Cheng X. Intracellular cAMP Sensor EPAC: Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutics Development. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:919-1053. [PMID: 29537337 PMCID: PMC6050347 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00025.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on one family of the known cAMP receptors, the exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (EPACs), also known as the cAMP-regulated guanine nucleotide exchange factors (cAMP-GEFs). Although EPAC proteins are fairly new additions to the growing list of cAMP effectors, and relatively "young" in the cAMP discovery timeline, the significance of an EPAC presence in different cell systems is extraordinary. The study of EPACs has considerably expanded the diversity and adaptive nature of cAMP signaling associated with numerous physiological and pathophysiological responses. This review comprehensively covers EPAC protein functions at the molecular, cellular, physiological, and pathophysiological levels; and in turn, the applications of employing EPAC-based biosensors as detection tools for dissecting cAMP signaling and the implications for targeting EPAC proteins for therapeutic development are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Robichaux
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center , Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center , Houston, Texas
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28
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Xuan X, Gao F, Ma X, Huang C, Wang Y, Deng H, Wang S, Li W, Yuan L. Activation of ACE2/angiotensin (1-7) attenuates pancreatic β cell dedifferentiation in a high-fat-diet mouse model. Metabolism 2018; 81:83-96. [PMID: 29225087 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been identified in pancreatic islets and can preserve β cells. In this study, we aimed to examine the possible role of ACE2 and its end product, angiotensin 1-7 (A1-7), in reducing β cell dedifferentiation during metabolic stress. METHODS First, a lineage-tracing experiment was performed to track β cells in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Second, the ACE2/A1-7 axis was evaluated in the HFD mouse model. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests (IPGTTs) and intraperitoneal insulin tolerance tests (IPITTs) were conducted. Phenotypic changes in β cells were detected by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR. Pancreatic sections were immunostained for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Finally, the effects of the ACE2/A1-7 axis were explored in isolated mouse islets exposed to different concentrations of glucose. Glucose-stimulated insulin release and levels of insulin mRNA and OCT4 mRNA were measured. RESULTS Pancreatic β cell dedifferentiation occurred both in vitro and in vivo in response to metabolic stress and was accompanied by ACE2 reduction. HFD-induced insulin resistance and glucose intolerance were exacerbated in ACE2-knockout (ACE2KO) mice but were alleviated by exogenous A1-7 in C57BL/6J mice. Approximately 20% of β cells were dedifferentiated in ACE2KO mice fed a standard rodent chow diet (SD). A higher percentage of dedifferentiated β cells was detected in ACE2KO mice than in wild-type (WT) mice under HFD conditions. In contrast, the administration of A1-7 alleviated HFD-induced β cell dedifferentiation in C57BL/6J mice. Moreover, the exogenous injection of A1-7 improved microcirculation in islets and decreased the production of iNOS in islets of C57BL/6J mice fed an HFD. Additionally, ACE2 was found to be mainly expressed in α cells of mice, while Mas, the receptor of A1-7, was distributed in β cells. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study is the first to demonstrate that the ACE2/A1-7/Mas axis may be one of the intra-islet paracrine mechanisms of communication between α and β cells. Enhancing the ACE2/A1-7 axis exerts a protective effect by ameliorating β cell dedifferentiation, and this effect might be partially mediated through improvements in islet microcirculation and suppression of islet iNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Xuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaoyi Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chenghu Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hongjun Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wencun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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Schinzari F, Tesauro M, Veneziani A, Mores N, Di Daniele N, Cardillo C. Favorable Vascular Actions of Angiotensin-(1-7) in Human Obesity. Hypertension 2017; 71:185-191. [PMID: 29203627 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.10280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Obese patients have vascular dysfunction related to impaired insulin-stimulated vasodilation and increased endothelin-1-mediated vasoconstriction. In contrast to the harmful vascular actions of angiotensin (Ang) II, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 product Ang-(1-7) has shown to exert cardiovascular and metabolic benefits in experimental models through stimulation of the Mas receptor. We, therefore, examined the effects of exogenous Ang-(1-7) on vasodilator tone and endothelin-1-dependent vasoconstriction in obese patients. Intra-arterial infusion of Ang-(1-7) (10 nmol/min) resulted in significant increase in unstimulated forearm flow (P=0.03), an effect that was not affected by the Mas receptor antagonist A779 (10 nmol/min; P>0.05). In the absence of hyperinsulinemia, however, forearm flow responses to graded doses of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside were not different during Ang-(1-7) administration compared with saline (both P>0.05). During infusion of regular insulin (0.15 mU/kg per minute), by contrast, endothelium-dependent vasodilator response to acetylcholine was significantly enhanced by Ang-(1-7) (P=0.04 versus saline), whereas endothelium-independent response to sodium nitroprusside was not modified (P=0.91). Finally, Ang-(1-7) decreased the vasodilator response to endothelin A receptor blockade (BQ-123; 10 nmol/min) compared with saline (6±1% versus 93±17%; P<0.001); nitric oxide inhibition by l-N-monomethylarginine (4 µmol/min) during concurrent endothelin A antagonism resulted in similar vasoconstriction in the absence or presence of Ang-(1-7 Ang-(1-7) (P=0.69). Our findings indicate that in obese patients Ang-(1-7) has favorable effects not only to improve insulin-stimulated endothelium-dependent vasodilation but also to blunt endothelin-1-dependent vasoconstrictor tone. These findings provide support for targeting Ang-(1-7) to counteract the hemodynamic abnormalities of human obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Schinzari
- From the Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy (F.S., A.V., N.M., C.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy (M.T., N.D.D.); and Departments of Surgery (A.V.), Pharmacology (N.M.), and Internal Medicine (C.C.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Manfredi Tesauro
- From the Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy (F.S., A.V., N.M., C.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy (M.T., N.D.D.); and Departments of Surgery (A.V.), Pharmacology (N.M.), and Internal Medicine (C.C.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Augusto Veneziani
- From the Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy (F.S., A.V., N.M., C.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy (M.T., N.D.D.); and Departments of Surgery (A.V.), Pharmacology (N.M.), and Internal Medicine (C.C.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Nadia Mores
- From the Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy (F.S., A.V., N.M., C.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy (M.T., N.D.D.); and Departments of Surgery (A.V.), Pharmacology (N.M.), and Internal Medicine (C.C.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Di Daniele
- From the Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy (F.S., A.V., N.M., C.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy (M.T., N.D.D.); and Departments of Surgery (A.V.), Pharmacology (N.M.), and Internal Medicine (C.C.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Cardillo
- From the Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy (F.S., A.V., N.M., C.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy (M.T., N.D.D.); and Departments of Surgery (A.V.), Pharmacology (N.M.), and Internal Medicine (C.C.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
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Brar GS, Barrow BM, Watson M, Griesbach R, Choung E, Welch A, Ruzsicska B, Raleigh DP, Zraika S. Neprilysin Is Required for Angiotensin-(1-7)'s Ability to Enhance Insulin Secretion via Its Proteolytic Activity to Generate Angiotensin-(1-2). Diabetes 2017; 66:2201-2212. [PMID: 28559246 PMCID: PMC5521860 DOI: 10.2337/db16-1318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent work has renewed interest in therapies targeting the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) to improve β-cell function in type 2 diabetes. Studies show that generation of angiotensin-(1-7) by ACE2 and its binding to the Mas receptor (MasR) improves glucose homeostasis, partly by enhancing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Thus, islet ACE2 upregulation is viewed as a desirable therapeutic goal. Here, we show that, although endogenous islet ACE2 expression is sparse, its inhibition abrogates angiotensin-(1-7)-mediated GSIS. However, a more widely expressed islet peptidase, neprilysin, degrades angiotensin-(1-7) into several peptides. In neprilysin-deficient mouse islets, angiotensin-(1-7) and neprilysin-derived degradation products angiotensin-(1-4), angiotensin-(5-7), and angiotensin-(3-4) failed to enhance GSIS. Conversely, angiotensin-(1-2) enhanced GSIS in both neprilysin-deficient and wild-type islets. Rather than mediating this effect via activation of the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) MasR, angiotensin-(1-2) was found to signal via another GPCR, namely GPCR family C group 6 member A (GPRC6A). In conclusion, in islets, intact angiotensin-(1-7) is not the primary mediator of beneficial effects ascribed to the ACE2/angiotensin-(1-7)/MasR axis. Our findings warrant caution for the concurrent use of angiotensin-(1-7) compounds and neprilysin inhibitors as therapies for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurkirat S Brar
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Matthew Watson
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Ryan Griesbach
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Edwina Choung
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA
| | - Andrew Welch
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Bela Ruzsicska
- Institute for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Daniel P Raleigh
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Sakeneh Zraika
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Karnik SS, Singh KD, Tirupula K, Unal H. Significance of angiotensin 1-7 coupling with MAS1 receptor and other GPCRs to the renin-angiotensin system: IUPHAR Review 22. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:737-753. [PMID: 28194766 PMCID: PMC5387002 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensins are a group of hormonal peptides and include angiotensin II and angiotensin 1-7 produced by the renin angiotensin system. The biology, pharmacology and biochemistry of the receptors for angiotensins were extensively reviewed recently. In the review, the receptor nomenclature committee was not emphatic on designating MAS1 as the angiotensin 1-7 receptor on the basis of lack of classical G protein signalling and desensitization in response to angiotensin 1-7, as well as a lack of consensus on confirmatory ligand pharmacological analyses. A review of recent publications (2013-2016) on the rapidly progressing research on angiotensin 1-7 revealed that MAS1 and two additional receptors can function as 'angiotensin 1-7 receptors', and this deserves further consideration. In this review we have summarized the information on angiotensin 1-7 receptors and their crosstalk with classical angiotensin II receptors in the context of the functions of the renin angiotensin system. It was concluded that the receptors for angiotensin II and angiotensin 1-7 make up a sophisticated cross-regulated signalling network that modulates the endogenous protective and pathogenic facets of the renin angiotensin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadashiva S Karnik
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOhioUSA
| | | | - Kalyan Tirupula
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOhioUSA
- Biological E Limited, ShamirpetHyderabadIndia
| | - Hamiyet Unal
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOhioUSA
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Betul Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell CenterErciyes UniversityKayseriTurkey
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Felix Braga J, Ravizzoni Dartora D, Alenina N, Bader M, Santos RAS. Glucagon-producing cells are increased in Mas-deficient mice. Endocr Connect 2017; 6:27-32. [PMID: 27998954 PMCID: PMC5302165 DOI: 10.1530/ec-16-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that angiotensin(1-7) (Ang(1-7)) produces several effects related to glucose homeostasis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of genetic deletion of Ang(1-7), the GPCR Mas, on the glucagon-producing cells. C57BL6/N Mas-/- mice presented a significant and marked increase in pancreatic α-cells (number of cells: 146 ± 21 vs 67 ± 8 in WT; P < 0.001) and the percentage per islet (17.9 ± 0.91 vs 12.3 ± 0.9% in WT; P < 0.0001) with subsequent reduction of β-cells percentage (82.1 ± 0.91 vs 87.7 ± 0.9% in WT; P < 0.0001). Accordingly, glucagon plasma levels were increased (516.7 ± 36.35 vs 390.8 ± 56.45 pg/mL in WT; P < 0.05) and insulin plasma levels were decreased in C57BL6/N Mas-/- mice (0.25 ± 0.01 vs 0.31 ± 56.45 pg/mL in WT; P = 0.02). In order to eliminate the possibility of a background-related phenotype, we determined the number of glucagon-producing cells in FVB/N Mas-/- mice. In keeping with the observations in C57BL6/N Mas-/- mice, the number and percentage of pancreatic α-cells were also significantly increased in these mice (number of α-cells: 260 ± 22 vs 156 ± 12 in WT, P < 0.001; percentage per islet: 16 ± 0.8 vs 10 ± 0.5% in WT, P < 0.0001). These results suggest that Mas has a previously unexpected role on the pancreatic glucagon production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaína Felix Braga
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsNational Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniela Ravizzoni Dartora
- Cardiology Institute of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology (IC/FUC)Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Natalia Alenina
- Max-Delbruck Center of Molecular Medicine (MDC)Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- Cardiology Institute of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology (IC/FUC)Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Robson Augusto Souza Santos
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsNational Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Cardiology Institute of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology (IC/FUC)Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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