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Hoffmann S, Gerhardt S, Koopmann A, Bach P, Sommer WH, Kiefer F, Mazza M, Lenz B. Body mass index interacts with sex to predict readmission in in-patients with alcohol use disorder. Addict Biol 2023; 28:e13239. [PMID: 36577723 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A previous highly controlled pilot study revealed that body mass index (BMI) predicts outcome of in-patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) in a sex-specific manner. We here provide translational evidence from a daily clinical routine setting and investigated whether BMI and sex interact to predict 24-month readmission risk in four naturalistic cohorts of a specialized addiction clinic (i.e., all patients admitted to the clinic from 2016 to 2020): (i) in-patients (443 males and 197 females) and (ii) day clinic patients (241 males and 103 females) with a primary diagnosis of AUD; (iii) in-patients (175 males and 98 females) and (iv) day clinic patients (174 males and 64 females) with a primary substance use disorder (SUD) other than alcohol. In the in-patients with AUD, BMI interacted with sex to predict the 24-month readmission risks (p = 0.008; after adjustment for age and liver enzyme activities: p = 0.012); with higher BMI, the risk increases significantly in males, whereas for females, the risk tends to decrease. In the group of overweight in-patients, we found higher readmission rates in males relative to females with an odds ratio of 1.8 (p = 0.038). No such significant effects were found in the other cohorts. This study's findings support previous results, suggesting that the easily accessible BMI may serve as a predictive and sex-sensitive biomarker for outcome in in-patients with AUD. Future studies are necessary to elucidate the underlying aetiopathological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Hoffmann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Biostatistics, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sarah Gerhardt
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anne Koopmann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Patrick Bach
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Sommer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Bethanian Hospital for Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Massimiliano Mazza
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bernd Lenz
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Lu AT, Binder AM, Zhang J, Yan Q, Reiner AP, Cox SR, Corley J, Harris SE, Kuo PL, Moore AZ, Bandinelli S, Stewart JD, Wang C, Hamlat EJ, Epel ES, Schwartz JD, Whitsel EA, Correa A, Ferrucci L, Marioni RE, Horvath S. DNA methylation GrimAge version 2. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:9484-9549. [PMID: 36516495 PMCID: PMC9792204 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We previously described a DNA methylation (DNAm) based biomarker of human mortality risk DNAm GrimAge. Here we describe version 2 of GrimAge (trained on individuals aged between 40 and 92) which leverages two new DNAm based estimators of (log transformed) plasma proteins: high sensitivity C-reactive protein (logCRP) and hemoglobin A1C (logA1C). We evaluate GrimAge2 in 13,399 blood samples across nine study cohorts. After adjustment for age and sex, GrimAge2 outperforms GrimAge in predicting mortality across multiple racial/ethnic groups (meta P=3.6x10-167 versus P=2.6x10-144) and in terms of associations with age related conditions such as coronary heart disease, lung function measurement FEV1 (correlation= -0.31, P=1.1x10-136), computed tomography based measurements of fatty liver disease. We present evidence that GrimAge version 2 also applies to younger individuals and to saliva samples where it tracks markers of metabolic syndrome. DNAm logCRP is positively correlated with morbidity count (P=1.3x10-54). DNAm logA1C is highly associated with type 2 diabetes (P=5.8x10-155). DNAm PAI-1 outperforms the other age-adjusted DNAm biomarkers including GrimAge2 in correlating with triglyceride (cor=0.34, P=9.6x10-267) and visceral fat (cor=0.41, P=4.7x10-41). Overall, we demonstrate that GrimAge version 2 is an attractive epigenetic biomarker of human mortality and morbidity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ake T. Lu
- Dept. of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- San Diego Institute of Science, Altos Labs, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Alexandra M. Binder
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program (Cancer Epidemiology), University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Joshua Zhang
- Dept. of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Qi Yan
- San Diego Institute of Science, Altos Labs, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Alex P. Reiner
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Simon R. Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Janie Corley
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Sarah E. Harris
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Pei-Lun Kuo
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Ann Z. Moore
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Stefania Bandinelli
- Geriatric Unit, Local Health Unit Tuscany Centre, Firenze, Tuscany 40125, Italy
| | - James D. Stewart
- Dept. of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27516-8050, USA
| | - Cuicui Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elissa J. Hamlat
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0848, USA
| | - Elissa S. Epel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0848, USA
| | - Joel D. Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eric A. Whitsel
- Dept. of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27516-8050, USA
- Dept. of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Departments of Medicine and Population Health Science, Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Riccardo E. Marioni
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, Scotland, UK
| | - Steve Horvath
- Dept. of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- San Diego Institute of Science, Altos Labs, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
- Dept. of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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The postnatal leptin surge in mice is variable in both time and intensity and reflects nutritional status. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:39-49. [PMID: 34475504 PMCID: PMC8748198 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00957-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The murine postnatal leptin surge occurs within the first 4 weeks of life and is critical for neuronal projection development within hypothalamic feeding circuits. Here we describe the influence of nutritional status on the timing and magnitude of the postnatal leptin surge in mice. METHODS Plasma leptin concentrations were measured 1-3 times per week for the first 4 weeks of life in C57BL/6J pups reared in litters adjusted to 3 (small), 7-8 (normal), or 11-12 (large) pups per dam fed breeder chow or raised in litters of 7-8 by dams fed high-fat diet (HFD) ad libitum starting either prior to conception or at parturition. RESULTS Mice raised in small litters become fatter than pups raised in either normal or large litters. The leptin surge in small litter pups starts earlier, lasts longer, and is dramatically larger in magnitude compared to normal litter pups, even when leptin concentrations are normalized to fat mass. In mice reared in large litters, weight gain is diminished and the surge is both significantly delayed and lower in magnitude compared to control pups. Pups reared by HFD-fed dams (starting preconception or at parturition) are fatter and have augmented leptin surge magnitude compared to pups suckled by chow-fed dams. Surge timing varies depending upon nutritional status of the pup; the source of the surge is primarily subcutaneous adipose tissue. At peak leptin surge, within each group, fat mass and plasma leptin are uncorrelated; in comparison with adults, pups overproduce leptin relative to fat mass. Plasma leptin elevation persists longer than previously described; at postnatal day 27 mice continue overproducing leptin relative to fat mass. CONCLUSIONS In mice, small litter size and maternal HFD feeding during the perinatal period augment the plasma leptin surge whereas large litter size is associated with a delayed surge of reduced magnitude.
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Mele C, Mai S, Cena T, Pagano L, Scacchi M, Biondi B, Aimaretti G, Marzullo P. The pattern of TSH and fT4 levels across different BMI ranges in a large cohort of euthyroid patients with obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1029376. [PMID: 36313780 PMCID: PMC9606412 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1029376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A multifold association relates the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis to body weight. The potential underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Further, the mild severity of obesity and the small proportion of individuals with obesity in so far published cohort studies provide little insights on metabolic correlates of thyroid function in obesity. METHODS We retrospectively enrolled 5009 adults with obesity (F/M, 3448/1561; age range, 18-87 years; BMI range, 30.0-82.7 kg/m2), without known thyroid disease in a study on TSH and fT4 levels, lipid profile, glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance, anthropometric parameters including BIA-derived fat mass (%FM) and fat-free mass (FFM). RESULTS The overall reference interval for TSH in our obese cohort was 0.58-5.07 mIU/L. As subgroups, females and non-smokers showed higher TSH levels as compared to their counterparts (p<0.0001 for both), while fT4 values were comparable between groups. There was a significant upward trend for TSH levels across incremental BMI classes in females, while the opposite trend was seen for fT4 levels in males (p<0.0001 for both). Expectedly, TSH was associated with %FM and FFM (p<0,0001 for both). TSH and fT4 showed correlations with several metabolic variables, and both declined with aging (TSH, p<0.0001; fT4, p<0.01). In a subgroup undergoing leptin measurement, leptin levels were positively associated with TSH levels (p<0.01). At the multivariable regression analysis, in the group as a whole, smoking habit emerged as the main independent predictor of TSH (β=-0.24, p<0.0001) and fT4 (β=-0.25, p<0.0001) levels. In non-smokers, %FM (β=0.08, p<0.0001) and age (β=-0.05, p<0.001) were the main significant predictors of TSH levels. In the subset of nonsmokers having leptin measured, leptin emerged as the strongest predictor of TSH levels (β=0.17, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence of a gender- and smoking-dependent regulation of TSH levels in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Mele
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- *Correspondence: Chiara Mele,
| | - Stefania Mai
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Laboratory of Metabolic Research, S. Giuseppe Hospital, Piancavallo, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cena
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Loredana Pagano
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Scacchi
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Division of General Medicine, S. Giuseppe Hospital, Piancavallo, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Bernadette Biondi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluca Aimaretti
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Paolo Marzullo
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Laboratory of Metabolic Research, S. Giuseppe Hospital, Piancavallo, Italy
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5
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Hur S, Oh B, Kim H, Kwon O. Associations of Diet Quality and Sleep Quality with Obesity. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093181. [PMID: 34579058 PMCID: PMC8466020 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Short sleep duration or poor sleep quality has been associated with an increased risk of obesity. Although the underlying mechanism remains unclear, one proposed pathway is poor diet quality. This cross-sectional study investigated whether diet quality modifies the association between sleep status and obesity in Korean adults. We used the baseline data and samples of 737 men and 428 women (n = 1165) aged 19–64, who participated in the prospective Ewha–Boramae cohort study. Sleep duration was dichotomized into ≥7 h (adequate) and <7 h (insufficient). Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) values, reflecting sleep quality, were dichotomized into >5 (poor quality) and ≤5 (good quality). Diet quality was evaluated by the Recommended Food Score (RFS). Obesity was associated with higher rates of insufficient sleep and poor sleep quality in women, but not in men. After adjustment for covariates, women with poor sleep quality had a higher risk of obesity than women with good sleep quality (OR = 2.198; 95% CI = 1.027–4.704); this association occurred only in the group with RFS ≤ median score. Our findings support a significant association between sleep quality and obesity, and this association has been potentially modified by dietary quality in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohee Hur
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea;
- System Health & Engineering Major in Graduate School, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Bumjo Oh
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, 20, Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 07061, Korea;
| | - Hyesook Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea;
- System Health & Engineering Major in Graduate School, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (O.K.); Tel./Fax: +82-2-3277-6860 (O.K.)
| | - Oran Kwon
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea;
- System Health & Engineering Major in Graduate School, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (O.K.); Tel./Fax: +82-2-3277-6860 (O.K.)
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6
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de Candia P, Prattichizzo F, Garavelli S, Alviggi C, La Cava A, Matarese G. The pleiotropic roles of leptin in metabolism, immunity, and cancer. J Exp Med 2021; 218:211994. [PMID: 33857282 PMCID: PMC8056770 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20191593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the archetypal adipocytokine leptin and how it regulates energy homeostasis have represented breakthroughs in our understanding of the endocrine function of the adipose tissue and the biological determinants of human obesity. Investigations on leptin have also been instrumental in identifying physio-pathological connections between metabolic regulation and multiple immunological functions. For example, the description of the promoting activities of leptin on inflammation and cell proliferation have recognized the detrimental effects of leptin in connecting dysmetabolic conditions with cancer and with onset and/or progression of autoimmune disease. Here we review the multiple biological functions and complex framework of operations of leptin, discussing why and how the pleiotropic activities of this adipocytokine still pose major hurdles in the development of effective leptin-based therapeutic opportunities for different clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola de Candia
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Garavelli
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Alviggi
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Università di Napoli "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio La Cava
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy.,T reg Cell Lab, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II," Naples, Italy
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7
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Goossens GH, Jocken JWE, Blaak EE. Sexual dimorphism in cardiometabolic health: the role of adipose tissue, muscle and liver. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2021; 17:47-66. [PMID: 33173188 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-020-00431-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with many adverse health effects, such as an increased cardiometabolic risk. Despite higher adiposity for a given BMI, premenopausal women are at lower risk of cardiometabolic disease than men of the same age. This cardiometabolic advantage in women seems to disappear after the menopause or when type 2 diabetes mellitus develops. Sexual dimorphism in substrate supply and utilization, deposition of excess lipids and mobilization of stored lipids in various key metabolic organs (such as adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and the liver) are associated with differences in tissue-specific insulin sensitivity and cardiometabolic risk profiles between men and women. Moreover, lifestyle-related factors and epigenetic and genetic mechanisms seem to affect metabolic complications and disease risk in a sex-specific manner. This Review provides insight into sexual dimorphism in adipose tissue distribution, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and liver substrate metabolism and tissue-specific insulin sensitivity in humans, as well as the underlying mechanisms, and addresses the effect of these sex differences on cardiometabolic health. Additionally, this Review highlights the implications of sexual dimorphism in the pathophysiology of obesity-related cardiometabolic risk for the development of sex-specific prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijs H Goossens
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands.
| | - Johan W E Jocken
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands.
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8
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Sung R, Heo YS. Sandwich ELISA-Based Electrochemical Biosensor for Leptin in Control and Diet-Induced Obesity Mouse Model. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2020; 11:bios11010007. [PMID: 33374256 PMCID: PMC7823388 DOI: 10.3390/bios11010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Leptin is a peptide hormone produced primarily in adipose tissues. Leptin is considered a biomarker associated with obesity and obesity-mediated diseases. Biosensor detection of leptin in the blood may play a critical role as an indicator of dynamic pathological changes. In this paper, we introduce an electrochemical biosensor that adopts o-Phenylenediamine (oPD) on screen-printed gold electrodes (SPGEs) for detecting the leptin from a mouse model of diet-induced obesity (DIO). A linear calibration curve for the leptin concentration was obtained in the ranges from 0.1 to 20 ng/mL with a lower detection limit of 0.033 ng/mL. The leptin concentration was quantified with HRP (horseradish peroxidase)-catalyzed oxidation of oPD by two voltammetry methods: cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square-wave voltammetry (SWV). The proposed sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based electrochemical biosensor for the leptin in mouse blood serum showed high stability, sensitivity, selectivity, and effectivity compared to the commercial Leptin ELISA measurement. Thus, we believe that this leptin biosensor can be a sensitive analytical tool to detect low-levels of biomarkers in clinics and point-of-care testing (POCT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryong Sung
- Obesity-Mediated Disease Research (ODR) Center, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea;
| | - Yun Seok Heo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
- Correspondence:
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9
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Ferrer B, Prince LM, Tinkov AA, Santamaria A, Farina M, Rocha JB, Bowman AB, Aschner M. Chronic exposure to methylmercury enhances the anorexigenic effects of leptin in C57BL/6J male mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 147:111924. [PMID: 33338554 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that heavy metals disrupt energy homeostasis. Leptin inhibits food intake and decreases body weight through activation of its receptor in the hypothalamus. The impact of heavy metals on leptin signaling in the hypothalamus is unclear. Here, we show that the environmental pollutant, methylmercury (MeHg), favors an anorexigenic profile in wild-type males. C57BL/6J mice were exposed to MeHg via drinking water (5 ppm) up to 30 days. Our data shows that MeHg exposure was associated with changes in leptin induced activation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway in the hypothalamus. In males, the activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway was sustained by an increase in SOCS3 protein levels. In females, MeHg-activated STAT3 was inhibited by a concomitant increase in PTP1B. Taken together, our data suggest that MeHg enhanced leptin effects in males, favoring an anorexigenic profile in males, which notably, have been shown to be more sensitive to the neurological effects of this organometal than females. A better understanding of MeHg-induced molecular mechanism alterations in the hypothalamus advances the understanding of its neurotoxicity and provides molecular sites for novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Ferrer
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Neuroscience, and Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, 10461, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Lisa M Prince
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia; IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia; Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agro-technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia.
| | - Abel Santamaria
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, 14269, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Marcelo Farina
- Department of Biochemistry, Biological Sciences Center, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - João Batista Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Neuroscience, and Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, 10461, Bronx, NY, USA; IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia.
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10
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Kim M, Cho SH, Jung JW, Choi BW, Kim SH, Park HK, Jang AS, Jin HJ, Shin YS, Kim MH, Lee JH, Park JW, Kwon JW, Lee T, Kim S, Kim TB, Choi JH. Association between obesity and lung function changes by sex and age in adults with asthma. J Asthma 2020; 59:59-69. [PMID: 33125287 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2020.1839904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The lung function changes presenting before and after asthma treatment in obese people remain largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the association between obesity and lung function changes before and after treatment in adults with asthma. METHODS We enrolled 937 newly diagnosed asthma patients from Cohort for Reality and Evolution of Adult Asthma in Korea cohort in 2015-2017, who performed follow-up spirometry after three months of asthma treatment. The percentage changes (Δ) between the spirometry results before and after treatment were calculated. Patients were categorized into four body mass index (BMI) groups; underweight (<18.5), normal (18.5-22.9), overweight (23.0-24.9), and obese (≥25.0). Association between percent change of pulmonary function and BMI was analyzed according to sex and/or age (< 45 yrs, 45-65 yrs, ≥ 65 yrs), which were statistically corrected for age, sex, smoking status, and medication history. RESULTS There was no consistent correlation between BMI and each lung function parameter. However, there were significant differences between BMI and ΔFEV1/FVC before and after 3 months of controller treatment. The obese asthmatics showed significantly lower ΔFEV1/FVC (6.0 ± 13.5%) than the underweight (12.6 ± 21.4%, P = 0.044) or normal weight (9.1 ± 14.6%, P = 0.031). Middle-aged women had higher BMI (24.11 ± 3.60 vs. 22.39 ± 3.52) and lower ΔFEV1/FVC (5.7 ± 11.9% vs. 8.9 ± 14.3%, P = 0.012) than young women. CONCLUSIONS Obesity is negatively correlated with the ΔFEV1/FVC before and after controller treatment. Sex and age differentially contribute to lung function changes in response to asthma medications in adult asthmatics, showing a significant decrease in the ΔFEV1/FVC in middle-aged women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Cho
- Department of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byoung-Whui Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University H.C.S. Hyundae Hospital, South Korea
| | - Sae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - An-Soo Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yoo Seob Shin
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Min-Hye Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Lee
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Won Park
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Taehoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Solmi Kim
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-Bum Kim
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hee Choi
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea.,Department of Pulmonology and Allergy, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong, South Korea
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11
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Cabrera LO, Trindade EN, Leite C, Abegg EH, Trindade MRM. Preoperative Level of Leptin Can Be a Predictor of Glycemic Control for Patients with Diabetes Undergoing Bariatric Surgery. Obes Surg 2020; 30:4829-4833. [PMID: 32996102 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-05011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bariatric surgery is a first-line treatment for patients with obesity and diabetes. It is uncertain whether leptin has an influence on glycemia in the postoperative period. METHODS A cohort study of thirty-eight individuals with obesity and diabetes who underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass was undertaken. The levels of leptin, glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin were verified in the preoperative period and in the first and third postoperative months. RESULTS The majority of patients were women (81.6%), and the mean age was 47.3 years (SD 8.8). The mean BMI was reduced by 17.75% (from 47.3 to 38.9 kg/m2) and the mean glycemia by 26.76%. Preoperative leptin had a moderate positive correlation with glucose level at the third month (Pearson r = 0.46, P = 0.02), but not with HbA1c. Patients with leptin above 27.34 ng/mL had a higher glucose level at the end of observation (101.9 versus 88.9, t test, P = 0.042). CONCLUSION The search for factors that influence diabetes control after bariatric surgery is of major importance in clinical practice. Our study reported a level of leptin that can predict the prognosis of glycemic control after the intervention. This finding still needs to be validated and confirmed in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Ortiz Cabrera
- Post-Graduate Program on Surgery, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Neubarth Trindade
- Post-Graduate Program on Surgery, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Department of Surgery, Moinhos de Vento Hospital, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carine Leite
- Department of Gastroenterology, Moinhos de Vento Hospital, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- , Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | | | - Manoel Roberto Maciel Trindade
- Post-Graduate Program on Surgery, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Department of Surgery, Moinhos de Vento Hospital, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- School of Medicine, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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12
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Martínez-Sánchez N. There and Back Again: Leptin Actions in White Adipose Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176039. [PMID: 32839413 PMCID: PMC7503240 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a hormone discovered almost 30 years ago with important implications in metabolism. It is primarily produced by white adipose tissue (WAT) in proportion to the amount of fat. The discovery of leptin was a turning point for two principle reasons: on one hand, it generated promising expectations for the treatment of the obesity, and on the other, it changed the classical concept that white adipose tissue was simply an inert storage organ. Thus, adipocytes in WAT produce the majority of leptin and, although its primary role is the regulation of fat stores by controlling lipolysis and lipogenesis, this hormone also has implications in other physiological processes within WAT, such as apoptosis, browning and inflammation. Although a massive number of questions related to leptin actions have been answered, the necessity for further clarification facilitates constantly renewing interest in this hormone and its pathways. In this review, leptin actions in white adipose tissue will be summarized in the context of obesity.
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13
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Mhamed SC, Saad AB, Migaou A, Fahem N, Rouatbi N, Joobeur S. [Asthma and obesity: relationship and therapeutic implications in patients with asthma at the Department of Pneumology in Monastir, Tunisia]. Pan Afr Med J 2020; 36:49. [PMID: 32774625 PMCID: PMC7388602 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.36.49.21098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction L’obésité et l’asthme sont deux maladies chroniques touchant des millions d’individus à travers le monde. La présence d’un lien de causalité est suggérée. L'objectif de notre travail est d'étudier le profil de l’asthmatique obèse et de déterminer la relation entre les différents paramètres de sévérité de l’asthme avec les grades de l’obésité. Méthodes Il s'agit d'une étude rétrospective, monocentrique, analytique menée au Service de Pneumologie et d’Allergologie au CHU Fattouma Bourguiba de Monastir portant sur 450 asthmatiques, ayant un indice de masse corporelle (IMC) ≥ 30 kg/m2 avec un recul d’au moins 6 mois. Résultats L’âge moyen au moment du diagnostic était de 45±12.8 ans. L’IMC moyen était de 34,8±4,2 kg/m2. L’asthme était bien contrôlé chez 55,3% des patients. Des critères de sévérité étaient notés dans 37.4% des cas. Selon GINA 2016, 24,2% sont traités par le palier 4. Deux phénotypes de l’asthme associé à l’obésité étaient notés. Le premier phénotype (52,4%) était caractérisé par un asthme à début précoce, associé à une fréquence plus élevée d’allergie, et des manifestations d'atopie. Le deuxième (47,6 %) était caractérisé par un asthme à début tardif, fréquemment associé au sexe féminin et un taux plus élevé de comorbidités et d’hospitalisations. Les obèses de grade II et III avaient un déficit ventilatoire important (CVF: p = 0,002 et VEMS: p = 0,007). Conclusion L’obésité est l’un des facteurs clefs impliqués dans le mauvais contrôle de l’asthme. Sa prise en charge, qui n'est pas encore codifiée, doit être multidisciplinaire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saousen Cheikh Mhamed
- Service de Pneumologie et d'Allergologie, Hôpital Universitaire Fattouma Bourguiba, Rue 1 juin, 5000 Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Ahmed Ben Saad
- Service de Pneumologie et d'Allergologie, Hôpital Universitaire Fattouma Bourguiba, Rue 1 juin, 5000 Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Asma Migaou
- Service de Pneumologie et d'Allergologie, Hôpital Universitaire Fattouma Bourguiba, Rue 1 juin, 5000 Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Nesrine Fahem
- Service de Pneumologie et d'Allergologie, Hôpital Universitaire Fattouma Bourguiba, Rue 1 juin, 5000 Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Naceur Rouatbi
- Service de Pneumologie et d'Allergologie, Hôpital Universitaire Fattouma Bourguiba, Rue 1 juin, 5000 Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Samah Joobeur
- Service de Pneumologie et d'Allergologie, Hôpital Universitaire Fattouma Bourguiba, Rue 1 juin, 5000 Monastir, Tunisie
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14
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Hudry B, de Goeij E, Mineo A, Gaspar P, Hadjieconomou D, Studd C, Mokochinski JB, Kramer HB, Plaçais PY, Preat T, Miguel-Aliaga I. Sex Differences in Intestinal Carbohydrate Metabolism Promote Food Intake and Sperm Maturation. Cell 2020; 178:901-918.e16. [PMID: 31398343 PMCID: PMC6700282 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Physiology and metabolism are often sexually dimorphic, but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we use the intestine of Drosophila melanogaster to investigate how gut-derived signals contribute to sex differences in whole-body physiology. We find that carbohydrate handling is male-biased in a specific portion of the intestine. In contrast to known sexual dimorphisms in invertebrates, the sex differences in intestinal carbohydrate metabolism are extrinsically controlled by the adjacent male gonad, which activates JAK-STAT signaling in enterocytes within this intestinal portion. Sex reversal experiments establish roles for this male-biased intestinal metabolic state in controlling food intake and sperm production through gut-derived citrate. Our work uncovers a male gonad-gut axis coupling diet and sperm production, revealing that metabolic communication across organs is physiologically important. The instructive role of citrate in inter-organ communication might be significant in more biological contexts than previously recognized. Intestinal carbohydrate metabolism is male-biased and region-specific Testes masculinize gut sugar handling by promoting enterocyte JAK-STAT signaling The male intestine secretes citrate to the adjacent testes Gut-derived citrate promotes food intake and sperm maturation
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Hudry
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, France.
| | - Eva de Goeij
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Alessandro Mineo
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Pedro Gaspar
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Dafni Hadjieconomou
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Chris Studd
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Joao B Mokochinski
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Holger B Kramer
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Pierre-Yves Plaçais
- Genes and Dynamics of Memory Systems, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Preat
- Genes and Dynamics of Memory Systems, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Irene Miguel-Aliaga
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
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15
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Lu AT, Quach A, Wilson JG, Reiner AP, Aviv A, Raj K, Hou L, Baccarelli AA, Li Y, Stewart JD, Whitsel EA, Assimes TL, Ferrucci L, Horvath S. DNA methylation GrimAge strongly predicts lifespan and healthspan. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:303-327. [PMID: 30669119 PMCID: PMC6366976 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 968] [Impact Index Per Article: 242.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/1969] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It was unknown whether plasma protein levels can be estimated based on DNA methylation (DNAm) levels, and if so, how the resulting surrogates can be consolidated into a powerful predictor of lifespan. We present here, seven DNAm-based estimators of plasma proteins including those of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and growth differentiation factor 15. The resulting predictor of lifespan, DNAm GrimAge (in units of years), is a composite biomarker based on the seven DNAm surrogates and a DNAm-based estimator of smoking pack-years. Adjusting DNAm GrimAge for chronological age generated novel measure of epigenetic age acceleration, AgeAccelGrim.Using large scale validation data from thousands of individuals, we demonstrate that DNAm GrimAge stands out among existing epigenetic clocks in terms of its predictive ability for time-to-death (Cox regression P=2.0E-75), time-to-coronary heart disease (Cox P=6.2E-24), time-to-cancer (P= 1.3E-12), its strong relationship with computed tomography data for fatty liver/excess visceral fat, and age-at-menopause (P=1.6E-12). AgeAccelGrim is strongly associated with a host of age-related conditions including comorbidity count (P=3.45E-17). Similarly, age-adjusted DNAm PAI-1 levels are associated with lifespan (P=5.4E-28), comorbidity count (P= 7.3E-56) and type 2 diabetes (P=2.0E-26). These DNAm-based biomarkers show the expected relationship with lifestyle factors including healthy diet and educational attainment.Overall, these epigenetic biomarkers are expected to find many applications including human anti-aging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ake T Lu
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Austin Quach
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Alex P Reiner
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Abraham Aviv
- Center of Development and Aging, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Kenneth Raj
- Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0RQ, United Kingdom
| | - Lifang Hou
- Center for Population Epigenetics, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Laboratory of Environmental Epigenetics, Departments of Environmental Health Sciences Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yun Li
- Departments of Genetics, Biostatistics, Computer Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - James D Stewart
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Eric A Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiovascular Medicine), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, USA, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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16
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Thom G, Dombrowski SU, Brosnahan N, Algindan YY, Rosario Lopez-Gonzalez M, Roditi G, Lean MEJ, Malkova D. The role of appetite-related hormones, adaptive thermogenesis, perceived hunger and stress in long-term weight-loss maintenance: a mixed-methods study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020; 74:622-632. [PMID: 32020057 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-0568-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Weight-loss maintenance is challenging, and few succeed in the long term. This study aimed to explain how appetite-related hormones, adaptive thermogenesis, perceived hunger and stress influence weight-loss maintenance. SUBJECTS/METHODS Fifteen adult women (age, 46.3 ± 9.5 years; BMI, 39.4 ± 4.3 kg/m2) participated in a 24-month intervention, which included 3-5 months total diet replacement (825-853 kcal/d). Body weight and composition (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), resting metabolic rate (indirect calorimetry), and fasting plasma concentration of leptin, ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) were measured at baseline and after weight loss, around 6 months. Perceptions relating to weight-loss maintenance were explored using qualitative interviews. RESULTS Mean (SD) changes in body weight (-13.8 ± 6.3 kg) and total adipose tissue (-11.5 ± 4.9 kg) were significant (P < 0.001). Weight loss was associated with a significant reduction in resting metabolic rate (-291 ± 226 kcal/day, P < 0.001) and adaptive thermogenesis (-150 ± 162 kcal/day, P = 0.003), reduction in leptin (P < 0.001) and GLP-1 (P = 0.015), an increase in ghrelin (P < 0.001), and no changes in PYY and GDF-15. Weight regain between 6 and 24 months (6.1 ± 6.3 kg, P < 0.05) was negatively correlated with GLP-1 at baseline (r = −0.7, P = 0.003) and after weight loss (r = -0.7, P = 0.005). Participants did not report increased hunger after weight loss, and stress-related/emotional eating was perceived as the main reason for regain. CONCLUSIONS Weight regain is more likely with lower fasting GLP-1 at baseline and following weight loss, but psychological aspects of eating behaviour appear as important in attenuating weight-loss maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Thom
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Naomi Brosnahan
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - Yasmin Y Algindan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Giles Roditi
- Department of Radiology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michael E J Lean
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - Dalia Malkova
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK.
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17
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Bakshi A, Rai U. Reproductive phase-dependent variation, sexually dimorphic expression and sex steroids-mediated transcriptional regulation of lep and lepr in lymphoid organs of Channa punctata. Sci Rep 2020; 10:999. [PMID: 31969648 PMCID: PMC6976713 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57922-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The reproductive phase-dependent and sex-related differential expression of leptin (lep) and its receptor (lepr) in primary and secondary lymphoid organs of a highly nutritive economically important Channa punctata preempts the involvement of sex steroids in modulating intra-immuno-leptin system. This hypothesis was strengthened when plasma testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) levels in male and female fish of reproductively active spawning and quiescent phases were correlated with lep and lepr expression in their immune organs. Splenic lep and lepr showed a negative correlation with T in both male and female, while with E2 there was a positive correlation in male and negative in female C. punctata. In head kidney, a contrasting correlation was observed as compared to spleen. To validate the implication of sex steroids in regulating leptin system in immune organs, in vivo and in vitro experiments were performed with DHT and E2. Upon administration, lep and lepr expression in tissues of either sex was downregulated. In addition, in vitro results with either of the sex steroids exemplified their direct involvement. Overall, this study, for the first time, reports correlation between sex steroids and transcript expression of leptin system in immune organs of a seasonally breeding vertebrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Bakshi
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Umesh Rai
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
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18
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Duan DM, Jhang JY, Wu S, Teng MS, Hsu LA, Ko YL. Modification effect of sex and obesity on the correlation of LEP polymorphisms with leptin levels in Taiwanese obese women. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1113. [PMID: 31914480 PMCID: PMC7057123 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity has become the main health issue in developed countries as it impacts life expectancy and increases mortality of cerebrovascular or cardiovascular diseases. The leptin is one of the adipokines which presents in the serum in proportion to the amount of adipose tissue and is translated from LEP gene. It involves in energy homeostasis, lipid and glucose metabolisms, modulation of immune systems, and thermogenesis. Many previous studies have revealed controversial results between LEP polymorphisms and leptin levels in different ages and ethnicities. Herein, we investigated the impacts of LEP polymorphism against leptin levels in Taiwanese subjects. Methods In 599 Taiwanese subjects, excluding clinically overt systemic disease, age below 18 years old, and C‐reactive protein (CRP) level of above 10 mg/L, few of LEP polymorphisms were genotyped with TaqMan SNP genotyping assays, were further analyzed for association with leptin level in univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses with Bonferroni correction for multiple tests in stratified groups. The univariate and stepwise multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to determine the coefficient of determinant of LEP polymorphisms over leptin level. Results Significant associations were found between LEP polymorphisms and leptin levels in obese women. Circulating leptin level was positively correlated with inflammatory, insulin resistance markers, and visceral obesity markers in all subjects. Furthermore, stratified and interaction analyses revealed that LEP polymorphisms, rs7799039 and rs2167270, were significantly associated with leptin levels in obese women—8%–10% of which could be explained by LEP polymorphisms. Conclusion The LEP polymorphisms are independently associated with leptin levels in Taiwanese obese women. Further, the genetic determinants for leptin levels may be different between obese and nonobese, and in different sex individuals. The obesity status and female sex may exert modification effect on transcription of LEP, particularly in obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Min Duan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and The Cardiovascular Medical Center, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yi Jhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and The Cardiovascular Medical Center, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Semon Wu
- Department of Life Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Sheng Teng
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lung-An Hsu
- The First Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Ko
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and The Cardiovascular Medical Center, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan.,Tzu Chi University College of Medicine, Hualien, Taiwan
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19
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Mandic I, Ahmed M, Rhind S, Goodman L, L’Abbe M, Jacobs I. The effects of exercise and ambient temperature on dietary intake, appetite sensation, and appetite regulating hormone concentrations. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2019; 16:29. [PMID: 31080490 PMCID: PMC6501331 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-019-0348-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is not clear whether the frequently reported phenomenon of exercise-induced anorexia is exacerbated or blunted in warm or cold environments. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of exercise in three different environmental temperatures vs. rest, on perceptions of appetite, appetite regulating hormones, and food intake. METHODS In a randomized repeated-measures design, 18 Canadian Armed Forces members (14 male, 4 female) completed four 8-h trials in a thermally-controlled chamber: one 8-h resting trial at 21 °C (Sedentary); and three trials where participants completed two 2-h circuits of standardized military tasks interspersed with two 2-h rest periods, once at 30 °C (Hot), once at 21 °C (Temperate), and once at - 10 °C (Cold). Participants consumed military field rations ad libitum and had their appetite assessed with visual analogue scales. Plasma concentrations of GLP-1, PYY, acylated ghrelin, and leptin were also determined. RESULTS Appetite was perceived as being suppressed in the heat compared to the cold (p < 0.05). While neither exercise nor environmental temperature altered circulating GLP-1 levels, exercise in all environments increased blood concentrations of PYY (p < 0.05). Leptin concentrations were elevated in the heat and diminished in the cold (p < 0.05), and acylated ghrelin concentrations were affected by both exercise and ambient temperature resulting in Sedentary = Cold>Temperate = Hot (p < 0.05). Contrary to the changes in appetite perceptions and hormonal concentrations, dietary intake was not different between conditions (p > 0.05). Relative energy intake (total 24 h energy intake minus 24 h energy expenditure) on the other hand, was significantly higher during the Sedentary condition than it was during any of the active conditions (p < 0.05). Most (83%) of the participants were in a positive energy balance during the Sedentary condition, whereas during most (80%) of the active conditions (Hot, Temperate, Cold) participants were in a negative energy balance. CONCLUSIONS In this study where food was freely available, variations in ambient temperature, exercise vs. rest, appetite-regulating hormone concentrations, and subjective appetite sensation were not associated with any changes in dietary intake within 24-h of acute, prolonged exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Mandic
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2W6 Canada
| | - Mavra Ahmed
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2 Canada
| | - Shawn Rhind
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2W6 Canada
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto Research Centre, Toronto, ON M3K 2C9 Canada
| | - Len Goodman
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2W6 Canada
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto Research Centre, Toronto, ON M3K 2C9 Canada
| | - Mary L’Abbe
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2 Canada
| | - Ira Jacobs
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2W6 Canada
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20
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Żółkiewicz J, Stochmal A, Rudnicka L. The role of adipokines in systemic sclerosis: a missing link? Arch Dermatol Res 2019; 311:251-263. [PMID: 30806766 PMCID: PMC6469644 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-019-01893-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis is a multiorgan autoimmune disease characterized by vasculopathy and tissue fibrosis of unknown etiology. Recently, adipokines (cell signaling proteins secreted by adipose tissue) have attracted much attention as a cytokine family contributing to the various pathological processes of systemic sclerosis. Adipokines, such as leptin, adiponectin, resistin, adipsin, visfatin or chemerin are a heterogenic group of molecules. Adiponectin exhibits anti-fibrotic features and affects inflammatory reactions. Leptin promotes fibrosis and inflammation. Resistin was linked to vascular involvement in systemic sclerosis. Visfatin was associated with regression of skin lesions in late-stage systemic sclerosis. Chemerin appears as a marker of increased risk of impaired renal function and development of skin sclerosis in the early stage of systemic sclerosis. Vaspin was indicated to have a protective role in digital ulcers development. Novel adipokines-adipsin, apelin, omentin and CTRP-3-are emerging as molecules potentially involved in SSc pathogenesis. Serum adipokine levels may be used as predictive and diagnostic factors in systemic sclerosis. However, further investigations are required to establish firm correlations between distinct adipokines and systemic sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Żółkiewicz
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Koszykowa 82A, 02-008, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Anna Stochmal
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Koszykowa 82A, 02-008, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Lidia Rudnicka
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Koszykowa 82A, 02-008, Warszawa, Poland.
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21
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King A, Brain A, Hanson K, Dittmann J, Vickers J, Fernandez-Martos C. Disruption of leptin signalling in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:1097-1110. [PMID: 29546689 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0203-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of leptin signalling has been implicated as playing a role in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Leptin has previously been shown to be affected by amyloid-beta (Aβ)-related signalling; however, pathways that link leptin to the disease pathogenesis have not been determined. To characterize the association between increasing age-dependent Aβ levels with leptin signalling and the vulnerable brain regions in AD, we assessed the mRNA and protein expression profile of leptin and leptin receptor (Ob-Rb) at 9 and 18-month-age in APP/PS1 mice. Immunohistochemical labelling demonstrated that leptin and Ob-Rb proteins were localised to neocortical and hippocampal neurons in APP/PS1 and wildtype (WT) mice. Neuronal leptin and Ob-Rb immunolabelling was more prominent in the neocortex of both groups at 9 month of age, while, at 18 months, labelling was reduced in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice relative to WT. Immunoblotting analysis demonstrated decreased hippocampal leptin levels, concomitantly with an increased Ob-Rb levels, in APP/PS1 mice compared with WT controls at 18 month of age. While no leptin mRNA was found in either of the groups analysed, Ob-Rb mRNA was significantly decreased in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice at both ages analysed. In addition, a significant decreased protein kinase B (Akt) activity concomitantly with an upregulation of suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3) and protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) transcripts was present. Thus, these results collectively indicate alterations of leptin signalling in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice, providing novel insights about the pathways that could link aberrant leptin signaling to the pathological changes of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna King
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 143, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Anna Brain
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 143, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Kelsey Hanson
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 143, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Justin Dittmann
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 143, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - James Vickers
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 143, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Carmen Fernandez-Martos
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 143, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia.
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22
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Bahijri SM, Ajabnoor G, Hegazy GA, Alsheikh L, Moumena MZ, Bashanfar BM, Alzahrani AH. Supplementation with Oligonol, Prevents Weight Gain and Improves Lipid Profile in Overweight and Obese Saudi Females. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2018; 14:164-170. [PMID: 29853817 PMCID: PMC5907059 DOI: 10.2174/1573401313666170609101408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Obesity is a global health problem, increasing susceptibility to Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). Varieties of products have been proposed for treatment with varying degrees of success. Recent studies, suggested Oligonol; an optimized phenolic product mixture from Lychee Fruit Polyphenols (LFP); as such treatment in Japanese population. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the effect of oligonol on weight, insulin resistance by (HOMA-IR), lipids profile, leptin, Adiponectin, and resistin in healthy overweight and obese Saudi females. Subjects and Methods: 60 Saudi healthy overweight and obese females were enrolled in a double blind case/control study to take either Oligonol or placebo for 12 weeks without dietary or lifestyle re-strictions. Weight, height, Waist Circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and blood pressure were measured, and fasting blood samples of participants were taken before, and at the end of study. Total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, leptin, adiponectin, and resistin were meas-ured. LDL- cholesterol, HOMA-IR were calculated by equation. Results: 47 subjects completed the study, 25 in placebo group, and 22 in Oligonol group. No ill effects were noted in any participant. Oligonol reduced means of serum triglycerides (P=0.008), and resistin (P=0.045) significantly. In addition, no weight gain was noted in oligonol group, unlike placebo group which exhibited significant increase in mean weight (P= 0.036), WC (P=0.027), HC (P= 0.047), and leptin (P <0.001). Conclusion: Oligonol could be suggested as future hypolipidemic and weight controlling agent for overweight and obese Saudi females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhad M Bahijri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, KAU, KSA.,Saudi Diabetes Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, KAU
| | - Ghada Ajabnoor
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, KAU, KSA.,Saudi Diabetes Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, KAU
| | - Gehan A Hegazy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, KAU, KSA.,Saudi Diabetes Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, KAU.,Medical Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Mai Z Moumena
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, KAU.,Student at the Faculty of pharmacy, KAU, KSA
| | - Bushra M Bashanfar
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, KAU.,Student at the Faculty of pharmacy, KAU, KSA
| | - Amal H Alzahrani
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, KAU.,Student at the Faculty of pharmacy, KAU, KSA
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23
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Jurrissen TJ, Olver TD, Winn NC, Grunewald ZI, Lin GS, Hiemstra JA, Edwards JC, Gastecki ML, Welly RJ, Emter CA, Vieira-Potter, VJ, Padilla J. Endothelial dysfunction occurs independently of adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance in ovariectomized Yucatan miniature-swine. Adipocyte 2018; 7:35-44. [PMID: 29283284 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2017.1405191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In rodents, experimentally-induced ovarian hormone deficiency increases adiposity and adipose tissue (AT) inflammation, which is thought to contribute to insulin resistance and increased cardiovascular disease risk. However, whether this occurs in a translationally-relevant large animal model remains unknown. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that ovariectomy would promote visceral and perivascular AT (PVAT) inflammation, as well as subsequent insulin resistance and peripheral vascular dysfunction in female swine. At sexual maturity (7 months of age), female Yucatan mini-swine either remained intact (control, n = 9) or were ovariectomized (OVX, n = 7). All pigs were fed standard chow (15-20 g/kg), and were euthanized 6 months post-surgery. Uterine mass and plasma estradiol levels were decreased by ∼10-fold and 2-fold, respectively, in OVX compared to control pigs. Body mass, glucose homeostasis, and markers of insulin resistance were not different between control and OVX pigs; however, OVX animals exhibited greater plasma triglycerides and triglyceride:HDL ratio. Ovariectomy enhanced visceral adipocyte expansion, although this was not accompanied by brachial artery PVAT adipocyte expansion, AT inflammation in either depot, or increased systemic inflammation assessed by plasma C-reactive protein concentrations. Despite the lack of AT inflammation and insulin resistance, OVX pigs exhibited depressed brachial artery endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation, which was rescued with blockade of endothelin receptor A. Together, these findings indicate that in female Yucatan mini-swine, increased AT inflammation and insulin resistance are not required for loss of ovarian hormones to induce endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Jurrissen
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - T. Dylan Olver
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Nathan C. Winn
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Zachary I. Grunewald
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Gabriela S. Lin
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Biology, Barry University, Miami, FL, United States
| | | | - Jenna C. Edwards
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Michelle L. Gastecki
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Rebecca J. Welly
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Craig A. Emter
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | | | - Jaume Padilla
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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24
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Lee MJ, Fried SK. Sex-dependent Depot Differences in Adipose Tissue Development and Function; Role of Sex Steroids. J Obes Metab Syndr 2017; 26:172-180. [PMID: 31089514 PMCID: PMC6484911 DOI: 10.7570/jomes.2017.26.3.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Men and women are different in their fat mass and distribution pattern. The gynoid-type fat distribution, accumulation in lower-body, is considered to be protective while the android-type accumulation in upper-body, both in abdominal subcutaneous and visceral depots, is detrimental. Sex-dependent depot differences in adipose metabolic and endocrine functions are thought to contribute to the sexual disparity in fat distribution as well as its association with cardiometabolic risks. Although molecular details have not been completely elucidated, available evidence shows that sex steroid hormones are important factors governing sexual dimorphism in adipose tissue distribution and hence, risks for metabolic diseases. We will review sex-dependent heterogeneities in adipose tissue properties that can link their depot-specific biology to metabolic complications in men and women. In addition, we will also review how sex steroids regulate adipose tissue biology, both development and functional characteristics, with emphasis on their depot-dependent actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Jeong Lee
- Diabetes Obesity & Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Susan K Fried
- Diabetes Obesity & Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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25
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Hunma S, Ramuth H, Miles-Chan JL, Schutz Y, Montani JP, Joonas N, Dulloo AG. Do gender and ethnic differences in fasting leptin in Indians and Creoles of Mauritius persist beyond differences in adiposity? Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 42:280-283. [PMID: 28852206 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Recent body composition studies on the island of Mauritius in young adults belonging to the two main ethnicities-Indians (South Asian descent) and Creoles (African/Malagasy descent)-have shown gender-specific ethnic differences in their body mass index (BMI)-Fat% relationships. We investigated here whether potential gender and ethnic differences in blood leptin would persist beyond that explained by differences in body composition. In healthy young adult Mauritian Indians and Creoles (79 men and 80 women; BMI range: 15-41 kg m-2), we investigated the relationships between fasted serum leptin with BMI, waist circumference (WC), total fat% assessed by deuterium oxide dilution technique and central adiposity (trunk fat%) assessed by abdominal bioimpedance analysis. The results indicate that the greater elevations in leptin-BMI and leptin-WC regression lines in women compared with men, as well as in Indian men compared with Creole men, are abolished when BMI and WC are replaced by total body fat% and trunk fat%, respectively. In women, no significant between-ethnic difference is observed in total body fat%, trunk fat% and serum leptin. Thus, in young adult Mauritians, a population at high risk for later cardiometabolic diseases, the differences in body fat% entirely accounted for the observed gender and ethnic differences in serum leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hunma
- Obesity Unit, Ministry of Health and Quality of Life, Victoria Hospital, Mauritius.,Division of Medicine/Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - H Ramuth
- Obesity Unit, Ministry of Health and Quality of Life, Victoria Hospital, Mauritius.,Division of Medicine/Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - J L Miles-Chan
- Division of Medicine/Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Y Schutz
- Division of Medicine/Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - J-P Montani
- Division of Medicine/Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - N Joonas
- Obesity Unit, Ministry of Health and Quality of Life, Victoria Hospital, Mauritius
| | - A G Dulloo
- Division of Medicine/Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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26
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Gill S, Parker CJ. Scan posture definition and hip girth measurement: the impact on clothing design and body scanning. ERGONOMICS 2017; 60:1123-1136. [PMID: 27764997 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2016.1251621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ergonomic measurement is central to product design and development; especially for body worn products and clothing. However, there is a large variation in measurement definitions, complicated by new body scanning technology that captures measurements in a posture different to traditional manual methods. Investigations of hip measurement definitions in current clothing measurement practices supports analysis of the effect of scan posture and hip measurement definition on the circumferences of the hip. Here, the hip girth is a key clothing measurement that is not defined in current body scanning measurement standards. Sixty-four participants were scanned in the standard scan posture of a [TC]2 body scanner, and also in a natural posture similar to that of traditional manual measurement collection. Results indicate that scan posture affects hip girth circumferences, and that some current clothing measurement practices may not define the largest lower body circumference. Recommendations are made concerning how the hip is defined in measurement practice and within body scanning for clothing product development. Practitioner Summary: The hip girth is an important measurement in garment design, yet its measurement protocol is not currently defined. We demonstrate that body posture during body scanning affects hip circumferences, and that current clothing measurement practices may not define the largest lower body circumference. This paper also provides future measurement practice recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeon Gill
- a School of Materials , The University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
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27
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Da Silva Martins J, Castro JH, Sainz Rueda NA, dos Reis LM, Jorgetti V, Affonso Moysés RM, Caramori JT. Renal osteodystrophy in the obesity era: Is metabolic syndrome relevant? PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180387. [PMID: 28719612 PMCID: PMC5515407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have shown a beneficial effect of obesity on bone health; however, most of those studies were not based on bone biopsies. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) could have an effect on bone remodeling. However, there are no data on the effects of MetS in the presence of renal osteodystrophy. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate associations between MetS and renal osteodystrophy using the bone histomorphometric turnover-mineralization-volume (TMV) classification. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS & MEASUREMENTS This observational cross-sectional study included 55 hemodialysis patients (28 women/27 men) who were evaluated for MetS and bone histomorphometry. Biochemical parameters included calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), 25-hydroxyvitamin D, free serum leptin, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), intact osteocalcin, sclerostin (Scl), glucose, insulin, and thyroid hormones. Robust models of multivariate linear regressions were used for the statistical analyses. RESULTS Females had higher iPTH levels (1,143 vs. 358, p = 0.02). Patients with normal bone volume (BV/TV) had a higher prevalence of MetS (73.6% vs. 41.7%, p = 0.02) and higher serum phosphorus, C-terminal FGF23 and insulin levels. The multivariate regression analysis showed that low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) was positively correlated with bone formation rate (BFR/BS) and negatively associated with mineralization lag time. Bone volume was negatively associated with age but positively associated with MetS. Body mass index (BMI) was not correlated with any of the bone histomorphometric parameters. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that MetS is not a risk factor for low bone volume in hemodialysis patients. Furthermore, BMI alone was not related to bone volume in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina Da Silva Martins
- Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina Botucatu Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP. Botucatu, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - João Henrique Castro
- Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina Botucatu Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP. Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Nestor A. Sainz Rueda
- Multidisciplinary Clinical Nutrition Team, Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | | | - Vanda Jorgetti
- Nephrology Division, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jacqueline Teixeira Caramori
- Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina Botucatu Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP. Botucatu, Brazil
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28
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Fulzele K, Lai F, Dedic C, Saini V, Uda Y, Shi C, Tuck P, Aronson JL, Liu X, Spatz JM, Wein MN, Pajevic PD. Osteocyte-Secreted Wnt Signaling Inhibitor Sclerostin Contributes to Beige Adipogenesis in Peripheral Fat Depots. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:373-384. [PMID: 27653320 PMCID: PMC5525330 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cells of the osteoblast lineage are increasingly identified as participants in whole-body metabolism by primarily targeting pancreatic insulin secretion or consuming energy. Osteocytes, the most abundant bone cells, secrete a Wnt-signaling inhibitor called sclerostin. Here we examined three mouse models expressing high sclerostin levels, achieved through constitutive or inducible loss of the stimulatory subunit of G-proteins (Gsα in mature osteoblasts and/or osteocytes). These mice showed progressive loss of white adipose tissue (WAT) with tendency toward increased energy expenditure but no changes in glucose or insulin metabolism. Interestingly beige adipocytes were increased extensively in both gonadal and inguinal WAT and had reduced canonical β-catenin signaling. To determine if sclerostin directly contributes to the increased beige adipogenesis, we engineered an osteocytic cell line lacking Gsα which has high sclerostin secretion. Conditioned media from these cells significantly increased expression of UCP1 in primary adipocytes, and this effect was partially reduced after depletion of sclerostin from the conditioned media. Similarly, treatment of Gsα-deficient animals with sclerostin-neutralizing antibody partially reduced the increased UCP1 expression in WAT. Moreover, direct treatment of sclerostin to wild-type mice significantly increased UCP1 expression in WAT. These results show that osteocytes and/or osteoblasts secrete factors regulating beige adipogenesis, at least in part, through the Wnt-signaling inhibitor sclerostin. Further studies are needed to assess metabolic effects of sclerostin on adipocytes and other metabolic tissues. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keertik Fulzele
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Forest Lai
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher Dedic
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vaibhav Saini
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuhei Uda
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chao Shi
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Padrig Tuck
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jenna L Aronson
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jordan M Spatz
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc N Wein
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paola Divieti Pajevic
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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29
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Hart RA, Dobos RC, Agnew LL, Smart NA, McFarlane JR. Leptin pharmacokinetics in male mice. Endocr Connect 2017; 6:20-26. [PMID: 27998953 PMCID: PMC5302164 DOI: 10.1530/ec-16-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacokinetics of leptin in mammals has not been studied in detail and only one study has examined more than one time point in non-mutant mice and this was in a female mice. This is the first study to describe leptin distribution over a detailed time course in normal male mice. A physiologic dose (12 ng) of radiolabelled leptin was injected into adult male mice via the lateral tail vein and tissues were dissected out and measured for radioactivity over a time course of up to two hours. Major targets were the digestive tract, kidneys, skin and lungs. The brain was not a major target, and 0.15% of the total dose was recovered from the brain 5 min after administration. Major differences appear to exist in the distribution of leptin between the male and female mice, indicating a high degree of sexual dimorphism. Although the half-lives were similar between male and female mice, almost twice the proportion of leptin was recovered from the digestive tract of male mice in comparison to that reported previously for females. This would seem to indicate a major difference in leptin distribution and possibly function between males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Hart
- Centre for Bioactive Discovery in Health and AgeingUniversity of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robin C Dobos
- NSW Department of Primary IndustriesArmidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Linda L Agnew
- Centre for Bioactive Discovery in Health and AgeingUniversity of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Neil A Smart
- Centre for Bioactive Discovery in Health and AgeingUniversity of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James R McFarlane
- Centre for Bioactive Discovery in Health and AgeingUniversity of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
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Babic A, Bao Y, Qian ZR, Yuan C, Giovannucci EL, Aschard H, Kraft P, Amundadottir LT, Stolzenberg-Solomon R, Morales-Oyarvide V, Ng K, Stampfer MJ, Ogino S, Buring JE, Sesso HD, Gaziano JM, Rifai N, Pollak MN, Anderson ML, Cochrane BB, Luo J, Manson JE, Fuchs CS, Wolpin BM. Pancreatic Cancer Risk Associated with Prediagnostic Plasma Levels of Leptin and Leptin Receptor Genetic Polymorphisms. Cancer Res 2016; 76:7160-7167. [PMID: 27780823 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Leptin is an adipokine involved in regulating energy balance, which has been identified as a potential biologic link in the development of obesity-associated cancers, such as pancreatic cancer. In this prospective, nested case-control study of 470 cases and 1,094 controls from five U.S. cohorts, we used conditional logistic regression to evaluate pancreatic cancer risk by prediagnostic plasma leptin, adjusting for race/ethnicity, diabetes, body mass index, physical activity, plasma C-peptide, adiponectin, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Because of known differences in leptin levels by gender, analyses were conducted separately for men and women. We also evaluated associations between 32 tagging SNPs in the leptin receptor (LEPR) gene and pancreatic cancer risk. Leptin levels were higher in female versus male control participants (median, 20.8 vs. 6.7 ng/mL; P < 0.0001). Among men, plasma leptin was positively associated with pancreatic cancer risk and those in the top quintile had a multivariable-adjusted OR of 3.02 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.27-7.16; Ptrend = 0.02] compared with men in the bottom quintile. Among women, circulating leptin was not associated with pancreatic cancer risk (Ptrend = 0.21). Results were similar across cohorts (Pheterogeneity = 0.88 for two male cohorts and 0.35 for three female cohorts). In genetic analyses, rs10493380 in LEPR was associated with increased pancreatic cancer risk among women, with an OR per minor allele of 1.54 (95% CI, 1.18-2.02; multiple hypothesis-corrected P = 0.03). No SNPs were significantly associated with risk in men. In conclusion, higher prediagnostic levels of plasma leptin were associated with an elevated risk of pancreatic cancer among men, but not among women. Cancer Res; 76(24); 7160-7. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Babic
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ying Bao
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zhi Rong Qian
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chen Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hugues Aschard
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laufey T Amundadottir
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | - Kimmie Ng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Meir J Stampfer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julie E Buring
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Howard D Sesso
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John Michael Gaziano
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nader Rifai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael N Pollak
- Cancer Prevention Research Unit, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Matthew L Anderson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Juhua Luo
- Department of Community Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Cancer Prevention Research Unit, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brian M Wolpin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Abstract
Background Obesity is a consequence of chronic energy imbalance. We need accurate and precise measurements of energy intake and expenditure, as well as the related behaviors, to fully understand how energy homeostasis is regulated in order to develop interventions and evaluate their effectiveness to combat the global obesity epidemic. Scope of review We provide an in-depth review of the methodologies currently used to measure energy intake and expenditure in humans, including their principles, advantages, and limitations in the clinical research setting. The aim is to provide researchers with a comprehensive guide to conduct obesity research of the highest possible quality. Major conclusions An array of methodologies is available to measure various aspects of energy metabolism and none is perfect under all circumstances. The choice of methods should be specific to particular research questions with practicality and quality of data the priorities for consideration. A combination of complementary measurements may be preferable. There is an imperative need to develop new methodologies to improve the accuracy and precision of energy intake assessments. Image-based technology is a significant step to improve energy intake measurement. Physical activity informs patterns but not absolute energy expenditure. Combining complementary measurements overcomes shortfalls of individual methods.
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Lindgren C, Naredi S, Söderberg S, Koskinen LO, Hultin M. Leptin levels after subarachnoid haemorrhage are gender dependent. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:667. [PMID: 27350906 PMCID: PMC4899384 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2321-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a neurological disease where the majority of the patients are critically ill. The adipokine leptin has in cerebral emergencies been related to severity of disease and to adverse outcome. The aim of this study was to examine leptin levels over time after SAH and associations to gender, age, body mass index, severity of disease, parenteral lipids, systemic organ failure and outcome. Methods Prospective observational study in 56 patients. Leptin was obtained 0–240 h after SAH, in 48 h intervals. Severity of disease was assessed with the Hunt and Hess score, organ failure with the sequential organ failure assessment score, and outcome with Glasgow outcome scale. Leptin levels in the SAH group were compared with controls from the same geographical area. Results At admission, Leptin was significantly higher in SAH patients compared to controls, both in female (28.6 ± 25.6 vs 13.0 ± 2.3 ng/mL, p = 0.001) and male patients (13.3 ± 8.4 vs 4.3 ± 0.7 ng/mL, p = 0.001). Leptin levels remained stable over time. Female patients had significantly higher leptin levels than male patients, and deceased female patients had higher leptin levels than female survivors (85.5 ± 20.5 vs 50.5 ± 34.6, n = 4/35, p < 0.05). Leptin levels did not differ between male survivors and non-survivors. Leptin levels were not associated with severity of disease, organ failure or parenteral lipids. Conclusion Leptin levels were significantly higher in both male and female patients compared to controls. Higher leptin levels were related to outcome and organ failure in women but not in men. When analysing leptin levels gender-related differences should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Lindgren
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Silvana Naredi
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefan Söderberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine and Heart Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars-Owe Koskinen
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Neurosurgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Magnus Hultin
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Ben-Zvi D, Savion N, Kolodgie F, Simon A, Fisch S, Schäfer K, Bachner-Hinenzon N, Cao X, Gertler A, Solomon G, Kachel E, Raanani E, Lavee J, Kotev Emeth S, Virmani R, Schoen FJ, Schneiderman J. Local Application of Leptin Antagonist Attenuates Angiotensin II-Induced Ascending Aortic Aneurysm and Cardiac Remodeling. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:JAHA.116.003474. [PMID: 27143353 PMCID: PMC4889208 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.003474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm (ATAA) is driven by angiotensin II (AngII) and contributes to the development of left ventricular (LV) remodeling through aortoventricular coupling. We previously showed that locally available leptin augments AngII‐induced abdominal aortic aneurysms in apolipoprotein E–deficient mice. We hypothesized that locally synthesized leptin mediates AngII‐induced ATAA. Methods and Results Following demonstration of leptin synthesis in samples of human ATAA associated with different etiologies, we modeled in situ leptin expression in apolipoprotein E–deficient mice by applying exogenous leptin on the surface of the ascending aorta. This treatment resulted in local aortic stiffening and dilation, LV hypertrophy, and thickening of aortic/mitral valve leaflets. Similar results were obtained in an AngII‐infusion ATAA mouse model. To test the dependence of AngII‐induced aortic and LV remodeling on leptin activity, a leptin antagonist was applied to the ascending aorta in AngII‐infused mice. Locally applied single low‐dose leptin antagonist moderated AngII‐induced ascending aortic dilation and protected mice from ATAA rupture. Furthermore, LV hypertrophy was attenuated and thickening of aortic valve leaflets was moderated. Last, analysis of human aortic valve stenosis leaflets revealed de novo leptin synthesis, whereas exogenous leptin stimulated proliferation and promoted mineralization of human valve interstitial cells in culture. Conclusions AngII‐induced ATAA is mediated by locally synthesized leptin. Aortoventricular hemodynamic coupling drives LV hypertrophy and promotes early aortic valve lesions, possibly mediated by valvular in situ leptin synthesis. Clinical implementation of local leptin antagonist therapy may attenuate AngII‐induced ATAA and moderate related LV hypertrophy and pre–aortic valve stenosis lesions. Clinical Trial Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/. Unique identifier: NCT00449306.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Ben-Zvi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Naphtali Savion
- Goldschleger Eye Research Institute, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Amos Simon
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sudeshna Fisch
- Cardiovascular Physiology Core, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Katrin Schäfer
- Medical Clinic 2, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Xin Cao
- Cardiovascular Physiology Core, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Arieh Gertler
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gili Solomon
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Erez Kachel
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ehud Raanani
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jacob Lavee
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shlomo Kotev Emeth
- Goldschleger Eye Research Institute, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Frederick J Schoen
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jacob Schneiderman
- The Gottesdiener Vascular Biology Laboratory, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Department of Vascular Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Vascular Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Banitalebi E, Mardanpour Shahrekordi Z, Kazemi AR, Bagheri L, Amani Shalamzari S, Faramarzi M. Comparing the Effects of Eight Weeks of Combined Training (Endurance and Resistance) in Different Orders on Inflammatory Factors and Adipokines Among Elderly Females. WOMEN’S HEALTH BULLETIN 2016. [DOI: 10.17795/whb-30990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Lee HJ, Kim SH, Kim EY, Lee NY, Yu HY, Kim YS, Ahn YM. Leptin is associated with mood status and metabolic homeostasis in patients with bipolar disorder. Neuropsychobiology 2016; 70:203-9. [PMID: 25471890 DOI: 10.1159/000366488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with bipolar disorder are at a high risk for becoming obese. Adipokines are associated with depression and obesity via the inflammatory process. However, few studies have investigated the associations between depression and leptin, adiponectin and resistin levels in patients with bipolar disorder. We explored the associations between serum levels of leptin, adiponectin and resistin and mood and metabolic status in patients with bipolar disorder. METHODS Body mass index (BMI) and serum leptin, adiponectin and resistin levels were assessed in 94 Korean patients with bipolar disorder. The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression-17 and the Young Mania Rating Scale were used to assess mood state. RESULTS Leptin (17.19 ± 13.08 vs. 10.47 ± 10.05 ng/ml; p = 0.008) and adiponectin (10.51 ± 8.37 vs. 5.91 ± 2.82 μg/ml; p = 0.001) levels were higher in female than in male patients. After adjusting for mood state, age, smoking, alcohol habit, and BMI in a multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), leptin (17.86 ± 1.22 vs. 10.05 ± 1.48 ng/ml; p < 0.001) and adiponectin (10.18 ± 0.98 vs. 6.40 ± 1.19 μg/ml; p = 0.027) levels were still higher in female than in male patients. Compared to euthymic patients, depressed patients had higher levels of leptin (17.37 ± 14.69 vs. 11.65 ± 9.04 ng/ml; p = 0.024), but there was no significant difference in adiponectin and resistin levels between the two groups. After adjusting for age, gender and BMI in the MANCOVA, leptin levels were also significantly higher in depressed (16.78 ± 1.34 ng/ml) than in euthymic patients (10.73 ± 1.22 ng/ml; p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Leptin is closely associated with the regulation of mood and metabolic homeostasis in patients with bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jeong Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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36
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Yamakoshi S, Kasai T, Tomita Y, Takaya H, Kasagi S, Kawabata M, Narui K, Setoguchi Y. Comparison of clinical features and polysomnographic findings between men and women with sleep apnea. J Thorac Dis 2016; 8:145-51. [PMID: 26904223 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2016.01.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a scarcity of reports comparing gender differences in polysomnographic findings among Asian patients with sleep apnea (SA). In this study, we elucidated gender differences in the clinical features and polysomnographic findings of SA patients in Japan. METHODS We conducted a case-matched control study to compare the gender differences. A total of 4,714 patients (4,127 men; 587 women) were matched for age, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), and body mass index (BMI). The criteria used for sex matching were (I) age ±4 years, (II) AHI ± 4 h of sleep, and (III) BMI ±2 kg/m(2). This facilitated the comparison of polysomnography sleep variables in 296 men and 296 women with SA. RESULTS Compared with their male counterparts, female SA patients had a significantly higher rapid eye movement AHI [men: 27.7 (IQR, 14.3-45.2); women: 43.3 (IQR, 25.5-56.6); P<0.001], lower supine AHI [men: 29.7 (IQR, 16.8-49.5); women: 25.0 (IQR, 14.7-39.3); P=0.004], longer total sleep time (TST), and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep stage 3 (N3), %TST [TST in men: 356.3 (IQR, 319.5-392.3); women: 372.0 (IQR, 327.8-404.5); P=0.007; N3, %TST in men: 8.8 (IQR, 3.0-14.6); women: 14.4 (IQR, 8.3-20.4); P<0.001], and better sleep efficiency [men: 80.9 (IQR, 71.0-88.0); women: 83.2 (IQR, 74.5-90.0); P=0.011]. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that women with SA had a significantly longer TST and N3, %TST, which represents deep sleep. Future prospective studies must be conducted together with polysomnography tests including electromyography of pharyngeal muscle expansion and electroencephalography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Yamakoshi
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan ; 2 Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Toranomon Hospital Kajigaya, Kanagawa, Japan ; 3 Sleep Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan ; 4 Department of Cardiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Kasai
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan ; 2 Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Toranomon Hospital Kajigaya, Kanagawa, Japan ; 3 Sleep Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan ; 4 Department of Cardiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tomita
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan ; 2 Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Toranomon Hospital Kajigaya, Kanagawa, Japan ; 3 Sleep Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan ; 4 Department of Cardiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Takaya
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan ; 2 Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Toranomon Hospital Kajigaya, Kanagawa, Japan ; 3 Sleep Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan ; 4 Department of Cardiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kasagi
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan ; 2 Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Toranomon Hospital Kajigaya, Kanagawa, Japan ; 3 Sleep Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan ; 4 Department of Cardiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masateru Kawabata
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan ; 2 Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Toranomon Hospital Kajigaya, Kanagawa, Japan ; 3 Sleep Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan ; 4 Department of Cardiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Narui
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan ; 2 Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Toranomon Hospital Kajigaya, Kanagawa, Japan ; 3 Sleep Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan ; 4 Department of Cardiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Setoguchi
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan ; 2 Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Toranomon Hospital Kajigaya, Kanagawa, Japan ; 3 Sleep Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan ; 4 Department of Cardiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Gender Specific Association of Serum Leptin and Insulinemic Indices with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Prediabetic Subjects. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142165. [PMID: 26569494 PMCID: PMC4646431 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived hormone leptin plays a functional role in glucose tolerance through its effects on insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity which also represent the risk factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The present study explored the gender specific association of serum leptin and insulinemic indices with NAFLD in Bangladeshi prediabetic subjects. Under a cross-sectional analytical design a total of 110 ultrasound examined prediabetic subjects, aged 25-68 years consisting of 57.3% male (55.6% non NAFLD and 44.4% NAFLD) and 42.7% female (57.4% non NAFLD and 42.6% NAFLD), were investigated. Insulin secretory function (HOMA%B) and insulin sensitivity (HOMA%S) were calculated from homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Serum leptin showed significant positive correlation with fasting insulin (r = 0.530, P = 0.004), postprandial insulin (r = 0.384, P = 0.042) and HOMA-IR (r = 0.541, P = 0.003) as well as significant negative correlation with HOMA%S (r = -0.388, P = 0.046) and HOMA%B (r = -0.356, P = 0.039) in male prediabetic subjects with NAFLD. In multiple linear regression analysis, log transformed leptin showed significant positive association with HOMA-IR (β = 0.706, P <0.001) after adjusting the effects of body mass index (BMI), triglyceride (TG) and HOMA%B in male subjects with NAFLD. In binary logistic regression analysis, only log leptin [OR 1.29 95% (C.I) (1.11-1.51), P = 0.001] in male subjects as well as HOMA%B [OR 0.94 95% (C.I) (0.89-0.98), P = 0.012], HOMA-IR [OR 3.30 95% (C.I) (0.99-10.95), P = 0.049] and log leptin [OR 1.10 95% (C.I) (1.01-1.20), P = 0.026] in female subjects were found to be independent determinants of NAFLD after adjusting the BMI and TG. Serum leptin seems to have an association with NAFLD both in male and female prediabetic subjects and this association in turn, is mediated by insulin secretory dysfunction and insulin resistance among these subjects.
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Daley-Brown D, Oprea-Ilies GM, Lee R, Pattillo R, Gonzalez-Perez RR. Molecular cues on obesity signals, tumor markers and endometrial cancer. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2015; 21:89-106. [PMID: 25781554 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2014-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor markers are important tools for early diagnosis, prognosis, therapy response and endometrial cancer monitoring. A large number of molecular and pathologic markers have been described in types I and II endometrial cancers, which has served to define the main oncogenic, epidemiological, genetic, clinical and histopathological features. Ongoing attempts to stratify biological markers of endometrial cancer are presented. However, data on changes in tumor marker profiles in obesity-related endometrial cancer are scarce. Obesity is a pandemic in Western countries that has an important impact on endometrial cancers, albeit through not very well-defined mechanisms. Although endometrial cancer is more common in Caucasian women, higher mortality is found in African Americans who also show higher incidence of obesity. Here, we describe how obesity signals (estrogen, leptin, leptin induced-molecules, Notch; cytokines and growth factors) could affect endometrial cancer. Leptin signaling and its crosstalk may be associated to the more aggressive and poor prognosis type II endometrial cancer, which affects more postmenopausal and African-American women. In this regard, studies on expression of novel molecular markers (Notch, interleukin-1 and leptin crosstalk outcome) may provide essential clues for detection, prevention, treatment and prognosis.
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39
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Rehem RA, Elwafa WA, Elwafa RA, Abdel-Aziz TE. Study of serum leptin in well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma: correlation with patient and tumor characteristics. World J Surg 2015; 38:2621-7. [PMID: 24867470 PMCID: PMC4161936 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-014-2634-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background There is a proven relationship between obesity and several cancers including breast, endometrium, colorectal, and esophagus. With the increasing incidence of both obesity and thyroid cancer, we designed the present study to investigate a causal relationship between leptin, which is one of the well known adipokines, and well-differentiated thyroid cancer (WDTC). Methods Serum leptin levels were measured in 30 patients with WDTC and compared to 30 healthy control subjects before and 1 month after surgery. Other parameters studied included age, sex, body mass index, menopausal status in women, lymph node status, tumor size, and disease multifocality. Results There were no differences between the two groups regarding age and sex. Preoperative leptin levels were higher in the WDTC patients when compared to the control patients [19.25 (1.50–109.60) vs 0.90 (0.50–11.80) ng/ml, p < 0.001, group 1 vs group 2, respectively]. A significant drop in leptin levels 1 month after surgery occurred in the WDTC group, falling from 19.25 (1.50–109.60) to 0.90 (0.60–8.90) ng/ml (p < 0.001). This did not occur in the control group (p = 0.274). Lymph node involvement, tumor size, and multifocality had no effect on leptin levels, although trends were observed (p = 0.48, 0.079, and 0.064), respectively. Conclusions Serum leptin levels were significantly higher in WDTC patients when compared to control group patients, with a significant drop after surgery. Leptin may play a role in diagnosis of WDTC; however, its prognostic value is still undetermined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Abdel Rehem
- Internal Medicine Department, Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Waleed Abo Elwafa
- Department of General Surgery, Endocrine Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Reham Abo Elwafa
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Tarek Ezzat Abdel-Aziz
- Department of General Surgery, Endocrine Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- General and Endocrine Surgery Unit, University College London Hospital, 235 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BU UK
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
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Lubkowska A, Radecka A, Bryczkowska I, Rotter I, Laszczyńska M, Dudzińska W. Serum Adiponectin and Leptin Concentrations in Relation to Body Fat Distribution, Hematological Indices and Lipid Profile in Humans. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:11528-48. [PMID: 26389928 PMCID: PMC4586689 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120911528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the relationship between serum adiponectin and leptin concentrations and body composition, hematological indices and lipid profile parameters in adults. The study involved 95 volunteers (BMI from 23.3 to 53 kg/m2). Anthropometric parameters were measured: body weight and height, waist and hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, body fat mass (BMF), subcutaneous and visceral fat mass (SFM, VFM), lean body mass (LBM), skeletal muscle mass (SMM). In serum we determined adiponectin and leptin concentrations, extracellular hemoglobin, total bilirubin, as well as lipid metabolism (TCh, HDL-Ch, LDL-Ch, TG). Mean adipokine levels were significantly higher in women (p ≤ 0.01), adiponectin significantly negatively correlated with body height and weight, systolic blood pressure and absolute LBM and SMM values. The same relation was observed for erythroid system indicators and lipid indicators. A positive correlation was exceptionally found between adiponectin and HDL-Ch. LEP negatively correlated with some percentage rates (%LBM, %SMM). Only in women, we observed a positive correlation between LEP and body weight, BMI and WHR. Studies on ADPN and the ADPN/LEP ratio as a valuable complementary diagnostic element in the prediction and prevention of cardiovascular diseases need to be continued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lubkowska
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin.
| | - Aleksandra Radecka
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin.
| | - Iwona Bryczkowska
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin.
| | - Iwona Rotter
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin.
| | - Maria Laszczyńska
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin.
| | - Wioleta Dudzińska
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Szczecin University, ul. Felczaka 3c, 71-412 Szczecin, Poland.
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Abstract
There are fundamental aspects of the control of metabolic homeostasis that are regulated differently in males and females. This sex asymmetry represents an evolutionary paradigm for females to resist the loss of energy stores. This perspective discusses the most fundamental sex differences in metabolic homeostasis, diabetes, and obesity. Together, the role of genetic sex, the programming effect of testosterone in the prenatal period in males, and the activational role of sex hormones at puberty produce two different biological systems in males and females that need to be studied separately. These sex-specific differences in energy homeostasis and metabolic dysfunction represent an untested source of factors that can be harnessed to develop relevant sex-based therapeutic avenues for diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and obesity.
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42
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Gonçalves HF, Zendron C, Cavalcante FS, Aiceles V, Oliveira MAP, Manaia JHM, Babinski MA, Ramos CF. Leptin, its receptor and aromatase expression in deep infiltrating endometriosis. J Ovarian Res 2015; 8:53. [PMID: 26242176 PMCID: PMC4523920 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-015-0180-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the leptin levels in the serum and peritoneal fluid (PF) and the protein expression in three different peritoneal ectopic implants in patients who underwent surgery for deep infiltrating endometriosis. Methods All patients had been treated at the Department of Gynecology of the Pedro Ernesto University Hospital, Rio de Janeiro. The study group consisted of 15 patients who underwent surgery for adnexal masses and infertility, while the control group consisted of ten women who underwent surgery for tubal ligation. Peritoneal fluid and samples tissues were collected during surgery. Serum samples were obtained before anesthesia. In this study, the leptin levels in the serum and peritoneal fluid (PF) were evaluated by ELISA. The protein expression of leptin and its receptors (ObR) and aromatase enzyme were evaluated by Western blot analysis of the intestine, uterosacral ligament and vaginal septum in the ectopic implants. The t-test and one-way ANOVA with Holm-Sìdak post-test were used, and p < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results Compared to the controls, the serum leptin levels (control = 14.7 ng/mL ± 2.63, endometriosis = 19.2 ng/mL ± 1.84, p < 0.0001) were increased, while in PF, there was no difference (control = 6.68 ng/mL ± 0.43, endometriosis = 7.71 ng/mL ± 0.59, p = 0.18). Comparing women with and without ovarian implants, the leptin levels in both the serum and PF were significantly higher in women without ovarian implants (serum: with ovarian implant = 15.85 ± 1.99; without ovarian implant = 23.14 ± 2.60; ng/mL, p = 0.04; PF: with ovarian implant = 4.28 ± 1.30; without ovarian implant = 11.18 ± 2.98;ng/mL, p = 0.048). The leptin, ObR and aromatase protein expression levels were increased in lesions in the vaginal septum and were decreased in the intestine lesions. Conclusion This study reports several interesting associations between the leptin levels in serum, peritoneal fluid, and tissue samples and the localization of the ectopic endometrium. Although this study does not provide a clear picture of the role of leptin in the development and progression of peritoneal implants, it contributed new data that might be useful to elucidating the enigma that is the role of leptin in endometriosis disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helder F Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, Department of Anatomy, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Carolina Zendron
- Department of Gynecology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda S Cavalcante
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, Department of Anatomy, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Verônica Aiceles
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, Department of Anatomy, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Jorge Henrique M Manaia
- Departament of Morfology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Márcio A Babinski
- Departament of Morfology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiane F Ramos
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, Department of Anatomy, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Body Composition, Lipid Profile, Adipokine Concentration, and Antioxidant Capacity Changes during Interventions to Treat Overweight with Exercise Programme and Whole-Body Cryostimulation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:803197. [PMID: 26171117 PMCID: PMC4485500 DOI: 10.1155/2015/803197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of six-month-long physical exercise programme with a two-time exposure to whole-body cryostimulation (WBC) in 20 sessions on antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid profile, and body composition changes in obese people (30 adult subjects; BMI = 30.39 ± 4.31 kg/m(2)). Blood samples were taken before the programme, one month following the exercise programme, before and after the first WBC treatment, six months following the exercise programme, after the second WBC treatment, and finally one month after the intervention. Six months of moderate aerobic activity combined with WBC did not change body mass or fat and lean body mass percentages, or circulating adiponectin, leptin, and resistin concentrations. In response to intervention a significant decrease in the level of low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides was observed, with a slight increase in high-density lipoprotein concentration. The nature of changes in the activity of respective antioxidant enzymes was not identical. After one month of increased physical activity, a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione reductase activities was observed (13%, 8%, and 70%, resp.). The SOD activity increased significantly after successive whole-body cryostimulation sessions. As regards catalase, a significant progressive decrease in its activity was observed.
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44
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Pliszka M, Oleszczak B, Szablewski L. Leptin at gender-specific concentrations does not affect glucose transport, expression of glucose transporters and leptin receptors in human lymphocytes. Endocrine 2015; 49:97-105. [PMID: 25306890 PMCID: PMC4412833 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0435-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Leptin shows pleiotropic effects in organisms including an important role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Elevated serum leptin, particularly in obese individuals, is a warning sign of energy imbalance, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance and other metabolic risk factors that are strongly associated with type 2 diabetes. Obesity is also related to a higher rate of infections and immune function deterioration may in part ensue from decreased glucose uptake as the main energy source for lymphocytes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of physiologic and low pathophysiologic gender-specific leptin concentration found in lean and obese subjects on glucose transport, the expression of glucose transporters and leptin receptors in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Isolated lymphocytes were incubated with human leptin at gender-specific concentrations observed in normal weight and obese subjects. Glucose uptake in lymphocytes was determined using nonmetabolizable radiolabeled deoxy-D-glucose. The expression of GLUT1, 3, 4 and leptin receptors was investigated using methods of immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. Leptin at concentrations used in the study does not change glucose transport into lymphocytes and seems to have no influence on the expression of glucose transporters and leptin receptors. Further studies are necessary to address the relationship between leptin, glucose transport and the lymphocytes' function in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Pliszka
- Chair of General Biology and Parasitology, Center for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 5 Chalubinskiego Str., 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bożenna Oleszczak
- Chair of General Biology and Parasitology, Center for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 5 Chalubinskiego Str., 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Leszek Szablewski
- Chair of General Biology and Parasitology, Center for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 5 Chalubinskiego Str., 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
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45
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Yu YH, Vasselli JR, Zhang Y, Mechanick JI, Korner J, Peterli R. Metabolic vs. hedonic obesity: a conceptual distinction and its clinical implications. Obes Rev 2015; 16:234-47. [PMID: 25588316 PMCID: PMC5053237 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Body weight is determined via both metabolic and hedonic mechanisms. Metabolic regulation of body weight centres around the 'body weight set point', which is programmed by energy balance circuitry in the hypothalamus and other specific brain regions. The metabolic body weight set point has a genetic basis, but exposure to an obesogenic environment may elicit allostatic responses and upward drift of the set point, leading to a higher maintained body weight. However, an elevated steady-state body weight may also be achieved without an alteration of the metabolic set point, via sustained hedonic over-eating, which is governed by the reward system of the brain and can override homeostatic metabolic signals. While hedonic signals are potent influences in determining food intake, metabolic regulation involves the active control of both food intake and energy expenditure. When overweight is due to elevation of the metabolic set point ('metabolic obesity'), energy expenditure theoretically falls onto the standard energy-mass regression line. In contrast, when a steady-state weight is above the metabolic set point due to hedonic over-eating ('hedonic obesity'), a persistent compensatory increase in energy expenditure per unit metabolic mass may be demonstrable. Recognition of the two types of obesity may lead to more effective treatment and prevention of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-H Yu
- Weight Loss and Diabetes Center, Greenwich Hospital, Greenwich, CT, USA; Endocrinology Associates of Greenwich, Northeast Medical Group, Yale New-Haven Health System, Greenwich, CT, USA
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46
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Lu YH, Dallner OS, Birsoy K, Fayzikhodjaeva G, Friedman JM. Nuclear Factor-Y is an adipogenic factor that regulates leptin gene expression. Mol Metab 2015; 4:392-405. [PMID: 25973387 PMCID: PMC4420997 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Leptin gene expression is highly correlated with cellular lipid content in adipocytes but the transcriptional mechanisms controlling leptin expression in vivo are poorly understood. In this report, we set out to identify cis- and trans-regulatory elements controlling leptin expression. Methods Leptin-BAC luciferase transgenic mice combining with other computational and molecular techniques were used to identify transcription regulatory elements including a CCAAT-binding protein Nuclear Factor Y (NF-Y). The function of NF-Y in adipocyte was studied in vitro with 3T3-L1 cells and in vivo with adipocyte-specific knockout of NF-Y. Results Using Leptin-BAC luciferase mice, we showed that DNA sequences between −22 kb and +8.8 kb can confer quantitative expression of a leptin reporter. Computational analysis of sequences and gel shift assays identified a 32 bp sequence (chr6: 28993820–2899385) consisting a CCAAT binding site for Nuclear Factor Y (NF-Y) and this was confirmed by a ChIP assay in vivo. A deletion of this 32 bp sequence in the −22 kb to +8.8 kb leptin-luciferase BAC reporter completely abrogates luciferase reporter activity in vivo. RNAi mediated knockdown of NF-Y interfered with adipogenesis in vitro and adipocyte-specific knockout of NF-Y in mice reduced expression of leptin and other fat specific genes in vivo. Further analyses of the fat specific NF-Y knockout revealed that these animals develop a moderately severe lipodystrophy that is remediable with leptin therapy. Conclusions These studies advance our understanding of leptin gene expression and show that NF-Y controls the expression of leptin and other adipocyte genes and identifies a new form of lipodystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsueh Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Olof Stefan Dallner
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kivanc Birsoy
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Gulya Fayzikhodjaeva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Friedman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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47
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Maioli S, Lodeiro M, Merino‐Serrais P, Falahati F, Khan W, Puerta E, Codita A, Rimondini R, Ramirez MJ, Simmons A, Gil‐Bea F, Westman E, Cedazo‐Minguez A. Alterations in brain leptin signalling in spite of unchanged CSF leptin levels in Alzheimer's disease. Aging Cell 2015; 14:122-9. [PMID: 25453257 PMCID: PMC4326905 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies support the relation between leptin and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We show that leptin levels in CSF are unchanged as subjects progress to AD. However, in AD hippocampus, leptin signalling was decreased and leptin localization was shifted, being more abundant in reactive astrocytes and less in neurons. Similar translocation of leptin was found in brains from Tg2576 and apoE4 mice. Moreover, an enhancement of leptin receptors was found in hippocampus of young Tg2576 mice and in primary astrocytes and neurons treated with Aβ1-42. In contrast, old Tg2576 mice showed decreased leptin receptors levels. Similar findings to those seen in Tg2576 mice were found in apoE4, but not in apoE3 mice. These results suggest that leptin levels are intact, but leptin signalling is impaired in AD. Thus, Aβ accumulation and apoE4 genotype result in a transient enhancement of leptin signalling that might lead to a leptin resistance state over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Maioli
- Karolinska Institutet Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society Center for Alzheimer Research Division for Neurogeriatrics Stockholm Sweden
| | - Maria Lodeiro
- Karolinska Institutet Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society Center for Alzheimer Research Division for Neurogeriatrics Stockholm Sweden
| | - Paula Merino‐Serrais
- Karolinska Institutet Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society Center for Alzheimer Research Division for Neurogeriatrics Stockholm Sweden
| | - Farshad Falahati
- Karolinska Institutet Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society Center for Alzheimer Research Division for clinical geriatrics Stockholm Sweden
| | - Wasim Khan
- Institute of Psychiatry King's College London London UK
| | - Elena Puerta
- Karolinska Institutet Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society Center for Alzheimer Research Division for Neurogeriatrics Stockholm Sweden
| | - Alina Codita
- Karolinska Institutet Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society Center for Alzheimer Research Division for Neurogeriatrics Stockholm Sweden
| | - Roberto Rimondini
- Medical and Surgical Science Department‐DIMEC‐University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Maria J. Ramirez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Navarra Pamplona Spain
| | - Andrew Simmons
- Institute of Psychiatry King's College London London UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health King's College London London UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia King's College London London UK
| | - Francisco Gil‐Bea
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropharmacology Division of Neurosciences Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) University of Navarra Pamplona Spain
| | - Eric Westman
- Karolinska Institutet Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society Center for Alzheimer Research Division for clinical geriatrics Stockholm Sweden
| | - Angel Cedazo‐Minguez
- Karolinska Institutet Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society Center for Alzheimer Research Division for Neurogeriatrics Stockholm Sweden
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48
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Jarrete AP, Novais IP, Nunes HA, Puga GM, Delbin MA, Zanesco A. Influence of aerobic exercise training on cardiovascular and endocrine-inflammatory biomarkers in hypertensive postmenopausal women. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL ENDOCRINOLOGY 2014; 1:108-114. [PMID: 29159091 PMCID: PMC5685011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcte.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Given that few studies have examined the interaction between endocrine-inflammatory mediators and aerobic exercise training in hypertensive postmenopausal women, the aim of this study was to investigate whether aerobic exercise training (AET) for twenty-four sessions would alter cortisol, leptin and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels. To further analyze endothelium function in response to AET, we also examined redox state as well as NO/cGMP pathway in this population. Eighteen hypertensive postmenopausal women finished this study. AET program consisted of 24 sessions in treadmill, 3 times per week, duration of 30 up to 40 min for each session, for 8 weeks at intensity of 100% of the MLSS according to previous incremental test. Heart rate was monitored in all studied time (resting and during exercise sessions). After 48 h of the last exercise session, blood samples were collected for biochemical analyses (levels of cortisol, leptin, IL-1β, nitrite/nitrate (NOx−), cGMP, malondialdehyde (MDA) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA); superoxide and catalase activity). We also measured systolic and diastolic blood pressure. A significant reduction in body mass was observed. As expected, systolic and diastolic blood pressure values were significantly reduced after AET in hypertensive women. We also found a marked increase in NOx− levels as well as cGMP concentration in trained women, approximately 37.7 and 30.8%, respectively. No changes in cortisol, leptin, ADMA and IL-1β levels were observed after AET. Similarly, MDA levels and catalase activity were not affected by AET. In contrast, a marked increase in SOD activity was found (86.6%). In conclusion, our findings show that aerobic exercise training for twenty-four sessions promoted a significant reduction in blood pressure by activating NO/cGMP pathway as well as by promoting an up-regulation of SOD activity without changing in cortisol/leptin levels in postmenopausal hypertensive women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline P Jarrete
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Exercise Science, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Av, 24 A, 1515, Rio Claro, SP CEP: 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Iane P Novais
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Exercise Science, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Av, 24 A, 1515, Rio Claro, SP CEP: 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Hygor A Nunes
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Exercise Science, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Av, 24 A, 1515, Rio Claro, SP CEP: 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Guilherme M Puga
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Exercise Science, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Av, 24 A, 1515, Rio Claro, SP CEP: 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Maria A Delbin
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Angelina Zanesco
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Exercise Science, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Av, 24 A, 1515, Rio Claro, SP CEP: 13506-900, Brazil
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49
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Мirrakhimov EМ, Kerimkulova AS, Lunegova ОS, Mirrakhimov AE, Nabiev MP, Neronova KV, Bayramukova AA, Alibaeva NT, Satarov N. The association of leptin with dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension and obesity in Kyrgyz (Central Asian nation) population. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:411. [PMID: 24981337 PMCID: PMC4105887 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptin, an adipocytokine produced by adipose tissue, along with the traditional cardiometabolic risk factors, contributes to the development of cardiovascular complications. At the same time, ethnic features of adipocytokines have been insufficiently investigated, especially among Asians, who have an increased risk of cardiovascular complications compared with Europeans. Aim of study was to investigate the relationship between leptin levels and age, gender, anthropometric parameters, lipid parameters, arterial hypertension (AH), and obesity in the adult population of ethnic Kyrgyz people living in Central Asia. RESULTS In total, 322 ethnic Kyrgyz (145 men, 177 women) aged ≥ 30 years were studied. Waist and hip circumference, body mass index, blood glucose, lipids, leptin, and homeostatic model assessment were measured. Patients in the upper quartile of leptin levels had high values of BMI, WC, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glucose, and HOMA index compared with patients with lower leptin levels. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and AH increased with higher levels of leptin. Leptin positively correlated with BMI, WC, triglycerides, and glucose concentrations in patients of both sexes. According to the multivariate logistic regression analysis, elevated leptin levels increased by 30 times the risk of obesity in men, regardless of the presence of type 2 diabetes, and 17.7 times in women. CONCLUSION Leptin is associated with general and abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance in Kyrgyz patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkin М Мirrakhimov
- Kyrgyz State Medical Academy named by I.K. Akhunbaev, Akhunbaev street 92, Bishkek 720020, Kyrgyzstan
- National Centre of Cardiology and Internal medicine named by М. Mirrakhimov, Togolok Moldo 3, Bishkek 720040, Kyrgyzstan
- Kyrgyz-Russian (Slavic University), Kievskaya 44, Bishkek 720040, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Alina S Kerimkulova
- Kyrgyz State Medical Academy named by I.K. Akhunbaev, Akhunbaev street 92, Bishkek 720020, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Оlga S Lunegova
- National Centre of Cardiology and Internal medicine named by М. Mirrakhimov, Togolok Moldo 3, Bishkek 720040, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Aibek E Mirrakhimov
- Kyrgyz State Medical Academy named by I.K. Akhunbaev, Akhunbaev street 92, Bishkek 720020, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Malik P Nabiev
- Kyrgyz State Medical Academy named by I.K. Akhunbaev, Akhunbaev street 92, Bishkek 720020, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Kseniya V Neronova
- Kyrgyz State Medical Academy named by I.K. Akhunbaev, Akhunbaev street 92, Bishkek 720020, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Asiyat A Bayramukova
- Kyrgyz State Medical Academy named by I.K. Akhunbaev, Akhunbaev street 92, Bishkek 720020, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Nazira T Alibaeva
- Kyrgyz-Russian (Slavic University), Kievskaya 44, Bishkek 720040, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Nurdin Satarov
- Kyrgyz State Medical Academy named by I.K. Akhunbaev, Akhunbaev street 92, Bishkek 720020, Kyrgyzstan
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50
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Chang HJ, Lee JH, Lee JR, Jee BC, Suh CS, Kim SH. Relationship between follicular fluid adipocytokines and the quality of the oocyte and corresponding embryo development from a single dominant follicle in in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2014; 41:21-8. [PMID: 24693494 PMCID: PMC3968253 DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2014.41.1.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of individual follicular fluid (FF) leptin and adiponectin levels with the quality of the corresponding oocyte and embryo. METHODS We prospectively enrolled 67 women who underwent controlled ovarian hyperstimulation with 89 FF samples. FF and the corresponding oocyte was obtained from a single dominant preovulatory follicle at the time of oocyte retrieval. Concentrations of leptin and adiponectin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in an individual follicle. The oocyte quality, fertilization rate, and corresponding embryo development were assessed. RESULTS The FF level of leptin was significantly associated with body mass index (r=0.334, p<0.01). The FF adiponectin level was significantly higher in the normal fertilization group than the abnormal fertilization group (p=0.009) in the non-obese women. A lower FF leptin level was associated with a trend toward mature oocytes, normal fertilization, and good embryo quality, although these relationships were not statistically significant. The leptin:adiponectin ratio of FF did not differ significantly according to oocyte and embryo quality. The quality of the oocyte and embryo was not associated with the FF leptin level tertile. However, the normal fertilization rate was positively associated with FF adiponectin level tertile. There was a trend towards improved oocytes and normal fertilization rates with the lowest tertile of the FF leptin:adiponectin ratio, but this difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that a high FF adiponectin concentration could be a predictor of normal fertilization. However, the FF leptin concentration and leptin:adiponectin ratio is not significantly related to oocyte maturity and corresponding embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea. ; Health Promotion Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jung Ryeol Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea. ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Chul Jee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea. ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Suk Suh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea. ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Hyun Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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