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Hussein KH, Ahmadzada B, Correa JC, Sultan A, Wilken S, Amiot B, Nyberg SL. Liver tissue engineering using decellularized scaffolds: Current progress, challenges, and opportunities. Bioact Mater 2024; 40:280-305. [PMID: 38973992 PMCID: PMC11226731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation represents the only definitive treatment for patients with end-stage liver disease. However, the shortage of liver donors provokes a dramatic gap between available grafts and patients on the waiting list. Whole liver bioengineering, an emerging field of tissue engineering, holds great potential to overcome this gap. This approach involves two main steps; the first is liver decellularization and the second is recellularization. Liver decellularization aims to remove cellular and nuclear materials from the organ, leaving behind extracellular matrices containing different structural proteins and growth factors while retaining both the vascular and biliary networks. Recellularization involves repopulating the decellularized liver with appropriate cells, theoretically from the recipient patient, to reconstruct the parenchyma, vascular tree, and biliary network. The aim of this review is to identify the major advances in decellularization and recellularization strategies and investigate obstacles for the clinical application of bioengineered liver, including immunogenicity of the designed liver extracellular matrices, the need for standardization of scaffold fabrication techniques, selection of suitable cell sources for parenchymal repopulation, vascular, and biliary tree reconstruction. In vivo transplantation models are also summarized for evaluating the functionality of bioengineered livers. Finally, the regulatory measures and future directions for confirming the safety and efficacy of bioengineered liver are also discussed. Addressing these challenges in whole liver bioengineering may offer new solutions to meet the demand for liver transplantation and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal H. Hussein
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Boyukkhanim Ahmadzada
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Julio Cisneros Correa
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Ahmer Sultan
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Silvana Wilken
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Bruce Amiot
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Scott L. Nyberg
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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2
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Bangru S, Chen J, Baker N, Das D, Chembazhi UV, Derham JM, Chorghade S, Arif W, Alencastro F, Duncan AW, Carstens RP, Kalsotra A. ESRP2-microRNA-122 axis directs the postnatal onset of liver polyploidization and maturation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.06.602336. [PMID: 39026848 PMCID: PMC11257421 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.06.602336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocyte polyploidy and maturity are critical to acquiring specialized liver functions. Multiple intra- and extracellular factors influence ploidy, but how they cooperate temporally to steer liver polyploidization and maturation or how post-transcriptional mechanisms integrate into these paradigms is unknown. Here, we identified an important regulatory hierarchy in which postnatal activation of Epithelial-Splicing-Regulatory-Protein-2 (ESRP2) stimulates biogenesis of liver-specific microRNA (miR-122), thereby facilitating polyploidization, maturation, and functional competence of hepatocytes. By determining transcriptome-wide protein-RNA interactions in vivo and integrating them with single-cell and bulk hepatocyte RNA-seq datasets, we delineate an ESRP2-driven RNA processing program that drives sequential replacement of fetal-to-adult transcript isoforms. Specifically, ESRP2 binds the primary miR-122 host gene transcript to promote its processing/biogenesis. Combining constitutive and inducible ESRP2 gain- and loss-of-function mice models with miR-122 rescue experiments, we demonstrate that timed activation of ESRP2 augments miR-122-driven program of cytokinesis failure, ensuring proper onset and extent of hepatocyte polyploidization.
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3
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Wang H, Liu J, Zhu P, Shi L, Liu Y, Yang X, Yang X. Single-nucleus transcriptome reveals cell dynamic response of liver during the late chick embryonic development. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103979. [PMID: 38941785 PMCID: PMC11261130 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The late embryonic development of the liver, a major metabolic organ, remains poorly characterized at single cell resolution. Here, we used single-nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) to characterize the chicken liver cells at 2 embryonic development time points (E14 and D1). We uncovered 8 cell types including hepatocytes, endothelial cells, hepatic stellate cells, erythrocytes, cholangiocytes, kupffer cells, mesothelial cells, and lymphocytes. And we discovered significant differences in the abundance of different cell types between E14 and D1. Moreover, we characterized the heterogeneity of hepatocytes, endothelial cells, and mesenchymal cells based on the gene regulatory networks of each clusters. Trajectory analyses revealed 128 genes associated with hepatocyte development and function, including apolipoprotein genes involved hepatic lipid metabolism and NADH dehydrogenase subunits involved hepatic oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, we identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between E14 and D1 at the cellular levels, which contribute to changes in liver development and function. These DEGs were significantly enriched in PPAR signaling pathways and lipid metabolism related pathways. Our results presented the single-cell mapping of chick embryonic liver at late stages of development and demonstrated the metabolic changes across the 2 age stages at the cellular level, which can help to further study the molecular development mechanism of embryonic liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Jiongyan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Pinhui Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Lin Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Yanli Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Xin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
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Toriyama K, Uehara T, Iwakoshi A, Kawashima H, Hosoda W. HNF6 and HNF4α expression in adenocarcinomas of the liver, pancreaticobiliary tract, and gastrointestinal tract: an immunohistochemical study of 480 adenocarcinomas of the digestive system. Pathology 2024:S0031-3025(24)00138-7. [PMID: 38926048 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocyte nuclear factors (HNF) 6 and 4α are master transcriptional regulators of development and maintenance of the liver and pancreaticobiliary tract in mice and humans. However, little is known about the prevalence of HNF6 and HNF4α expression in carcinomas of the hepatobiliary tract and pancreas. We aimed to reveal the diagnostic utility of HNF6 and HNF4α immunolabelling in adenocarcinomas of these organs. We investigated HNF6 and HNF4α expression by immunohistochemistry using a total of 480 adenocarcinomas of the digestive system, including 282 of the hepatobiliary tract and pancreas and 198 of the gastrointestinal tract. HNF6 expression was primarily restricted to intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (CCs) (63%, n=80) and gallbladder adenocarcinomas (43%, n=88), among others. Notably, small duct intrahepatic CCs almost invariably expressed HNF6 (90%, n=42), showing stark contrast to a low prevalence in large duct intrahepatic CCs (10%, n=21; p<0.0001). HNF6 expression was infrequent in extrahepatic CCs (9%, n=55) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (7%, n=58), and it was rare in adenocarcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract [oesophagus/oesophagogastric junction (EGJ) (2%, n=45), stomach (2%, n=86), duodenum (0%, n=25), and colorectum (0%, n=42)]. In contrast, HNF4α was widely expressed among adenocarcinomas of the digestive system, including intrahepatic CCs (88%), extrahepatic CCs (94%), adenocarcinomas of the gallbladder (98%), pancreas (98%), oesophagus/EGJ (96%), stomach (98%), duodenum (80%), and colorectum (100%). HNF6 was frequently expressed in and almost restricted to intrahepatic CCs of small duct type and gallbladder adenocarcinomas, while HNF4α was expressed throughout adenocarcinomas of the digestive system. HNF6 immunolabelling may be useful in distinguishing small duct intrahepatic CCs from other types of CC as well as metastatic gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Toriyama
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uehara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Akari Iwakoshi
- Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kawashima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Waki Hosoda
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Japan.
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Inoue M, Sebastian WA, Sonoda S, Miyahara H, Shimizu N, Shiraishi H, Maeda M, Yanagi K, Kaname T, Hanada R, Hanada T, Ihara K. Biallelic variants in LARS1 induce steatosis in developing zebrafish liver via enhanced autophagy. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024; 19:219. [PMID: 38807157 PMCID: PMC11134648 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-024-03226-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biallelic pathogenic variants of LARS1 cause infantile liver failure syndrome type 1 (ILFS1), which is characterized by acute hepatic failure with steatosis in infants. LARS functions as a protein associated with mTORC1 and plays a crucial role in amino acid-triggered mTORC1 activation and regulation of autophagy. A previous study demonstrated that larsb-knockout zebrafish exhibit conditions resembling ILFS. However, a comprehensive analysis of larsb-knockout zebrafish has not yet been performed because of early mortality. METHODS We generated a long-term viable zebrafish model carrying a LARS1 variant identified in an ILFS1 patient (larsb-I451F zebrafish) and analyzed the pathogenesis of the affected liver of ILFS1. RESULTS Hepatic dysfunction is most prominent in ILFS1 patients during infancy; correspondingly, the larsb-I451F zebrafish manifested hepatic anomalies during developmental stages. The larsb-I451F zebrafish demonstrates augmented lipid accumulation within the liver during autophagy activation. Inhibition of DGAT1, which converts fatty acids to triacylglycerols, improved lipid droplets in the liver of larsb-I451F zebrafish. Notably, treatment with an autophagy inhibitor ameliorated hepatic lipid accumulation in this model. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that enhanced autophagy caused by biallelic LARS1 variants contributes to ILFS1-associated hepatic dysfunction. Furthermore, the larsb-I451F zebrafish model, which has a prolonged survival rate compared with the larsb-knockout model, highlights its potential utility as a tool for investigating the pathophysiology of ILFS1-associated liver dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Inoue
- Department of Pediatrics, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | | | - Shota Sonoda
- Department of Pediatrics, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Miyahara
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Shimizu
- Department of Cell Biology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shiraishi
- Department of Cell Biology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Miwako Maeda
- Department of Pediatrics, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Kumiko Yanagi
- Department of Genome Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kaname
- Department of Genome Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Hanada
- Department of Neurophysiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Toshikatsu Hanada
- Department of Cell Biology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan.
| | - Kenji Ihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan.
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6
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Shrestha S, Lekkala VKR, Acharya P, Kang SY, Vanga MG, Lee MY. Reproducible generation of human liver organoids (HLOs) on a pillar plate platform via microarray 3D bioprinting. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:2747-2761. [PMID: 38660778 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00149d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Human liver organoids (HLOs) hold significant potential for recapitulating the architecture and function of liver tissues in vivo. However, conventional culture methods of HLOs, forming Matrigel domes in 6-/24-well plates, have technical limitations such as high cost and low throughput in organoid-based assays for predictive assessment of compounds in clinical and pharmacological lab settings. To address these issues, we have developed a unique microarray 3D bioprinting protocol of progenitor cells in biomimetic hydrogels on a pillar plate with sidewalls and slits, coupled with a clear bottom, 384-deep well plate for scale-up production of HLOs. Microarray 3D bioprinting, a droplet-based printing technology, was used to generate a large number of small organoids on the pillar plate for predictive hepatotoxicity assays. Foregut cells, differentiated from human iPSCs, were mixed with Matrigel and then printed on the pillar plate rapidly and uniformly, resulting in coefficient of variation (CV) values in the range of 15-18%, without any detrimental effect on cell viability. Despite utilizing 10-50-fold smaller cell culture volume compared to their counterparts in Matrigel domes in 6-/24-well plates, HLOs differentiated on the pillar plate exhibited similar morphology and superior function, potentially due to rapid diffusion of nutrients and oxygen at the small scale. Day 25 HLOs were robust and functional on the pillar plate in terms of their viability, albumin secretion, CYP3A4 activity, and drug toxicity testing, all with low CV values. From three independent trials of in situ assessment, the IC50 values calculated for sorafenib and tamoxifen were 6.2 ± 1.6 μM and 25.4 ± 8.3 μM, respectively. Therefore, our unique 3D bioprinting and miniature organoid culture on the pillar plate could be used for scale-up, reproducible generation of HLOs with minimal manual intervention for high-throughput assessment of compound hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Shrestha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA.
| | | | - Prabha Acharya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA.
| | - Soo-Yeon Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA.
| | - Manav Goud Vanga
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA.
| | - Moo-Yeal Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA.
- Bioprinting Laboratories Inc., Dallas, Texas, USA
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7
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Yoshimoto K, Maki K, Adachi T, Kamei KI. Cyclic Stretching Enhances Angiocrine Signals at Liver Bud Stage from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells in Two-Dimensional Culture. Tissue Eng Part A 2024; 30:426-439. [PMID: 38062736 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2023.0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Angiocrine signals during the development and growth of organs, including the liver, intestine, lung, and bone, are essential components of intercellular communication. The signals elicited during the liver bud stage are critical for vascularization and enhanced during the intercellular communication between the cells negative for kinase insert domain receptor (KDR) (KDR- cells) and the cells positive for KDR (KDR+ cells), which constitute the liver bud. However, the use of a human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived system has not facilitated the generation of a perfusable vascularized liver organoid that allows elucidation of liver development and has great potential for liver transplantation. This is largely owing to the lack of fundamental understanding to induce angiocrine signals in KDR- and KDR+ cells during the liver bud stage. We hypothesized that mechanical stimuli of cyclic stretching/pushing by the fetal heart adjacent to the liver bud could be the main contributor to promoting angiocrine signals in KDR- and KDR+ cells during the liver bud stage. In this study, we show that an organ-on-a-chip platform allows the emulation of an in vivo-like mechanical environment for the liver bud stage in vitro and investigate the role of cyclic mechanical stretching (cMS) to angiocrine signals in KDR- and KDR+ cells derived from hPSCs. RNA sequencing revealed that the expression of genes associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, including angiocrine signals, such as hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), were increased by cMS in cocultured KDR- and KDR+ cells. The expression and secretions of HGF and MMP9 were increased by 1.98- and 1.69-fold and 3.23- and 3.72-fold with cMS in the cocultured KDR- and KDR+ cells but were not increased by cMS in the monocultured KDR- and KDR+ cells, respectively. Finally, cMS during the liver bud stage did not lead to the dedifferentiation of hepatocytes, as the cells with cMS showed hepatic maker expression (CYP3A4, CYP3A7, ALB, and AAT) and 1.71-fold higher CYP3A activity than the cells without cMS, during 12 day-hepatocyte maturation after halting cMS. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanical factors during the liver bud stage and directions for future improvements in the engineered liver tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Yoshimoto
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Biosystems Science, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichiro Maki
- Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Biosystems Science, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taiji Adachi
- Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Biosystems Science, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Kamei
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Liaoning, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Liaoning, China
- Programs of Biology and Bioengineering, Divisions of Science and Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
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8
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Zhong Z, Jiao Z, Yu FX. The Hippo signaling pathway in development and regeneration. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113926. [PMID: 38457338 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway is a central growth control mechanism in multicellular organisms. By integrating diverse mechanical, biochemical, and stress cues, the Hippo pathway orchestrates proliferation, survival, differentiation, and mechanics of cells, which in turn regulate organ development, homeostasis, and regeneration. A deep understanding of the regulation and function of the Hippo pathway therefore holds great promise for developing novel therapeutics in regenerative medicine. Here, we provide updates on the molecular organization of the mammalian Hippo signaling network, review the regulatory signals and functional outputs of the pathway, and discuss the roles of Hippo signaling in development and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Zhong
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhihan Jiao
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fa-Xing Yu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Scheidecker B, Poulain S, Sugimoto M, Kido T, Kawanishi T, Miyajima A, Kim SH, Arakawa H, Kato Y, Nishikawa M, Danoy M, Sakai Y, Leclerc E. Dynamic, IPSC-derived hepatic tissue tri-culture system for the evaluation of liver physiology in vitro. Biofabrication 2024; 16:025037. [PMID: 38447229 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad30c5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Availability of hepatic tissue for the investigation of metabolic processes is severely limited. While primary hepatocytes or animal models are widely used in pharmacological applications, a change in methodology towards more sustainable and ethical assays is highly desirable. Stem cell derived hepatic cells are generally regarded as a viable alternative for the above model systems, if current limitations in functionality and maturation can be overcome. By combining microfluidic organ-on-a-chip technology with individually differentiated, multicellular hepatic tissue fractions, we aim to improve overall functionality of hepatocyte-like cells, as well as evaluate cellular composition and interactions with non-parenchymal cell populations towards the formation of mature liver tissue. Utilizing a multi-omic approach, we show the improved maturation profiles of hepatocyte-like cells maintained in a dynamic microenvironment compared to standard tissue culture setups without continuous perfusion. In order to evaluate the resulting tissue, we employ single cell sequencing to distinguish formed subpopulations and spatial localization. While cellular input was strictly defined based on established differentiation protocols of parenchyma, endothelial and stellate cell fractions, resulting hepatic tissue was shown to comprise a complex mixture of epithelial and non-parenchymal fractions with specific local enrichment of phenotypes along the microchannel. Following this approach, we show the importance of passive, paracrine developmental processes in tissue formation. Using such complex tissue models is a crucial first step to develop stem cell-derivedin vitrosystems that can compare functionally with currently used pharmacological and toxicological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Scheidecker
- CNRS UMI 2820, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 153-8505 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stéphane Poulain
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 153-8505 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sugimoto
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 997-0035 Yamagata, Japan
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 160-8402 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taketomo Kido
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 113-0032 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Kawanishi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 920-1102 Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyajima
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 113-0032 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soo Hyeon Kim
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 153-8505 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Arakawa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 920-1102 Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 920-1102 Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masaki Nishikawa
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, University of Tokyo, 113-8654 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mathieu Danoy
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, University of Tokyo, 113-8654 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, University of Tokyo, 113-8654 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eric Leclerc
- CNRS UMI 2820, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 153-8505 Tokyo, Japan
- CNRS UMR 7338, Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Bioingénierie, Université de Technologies de Compiègne, 60203 Compiègne, France
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10
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Shrestha S, Lekkala VKR, Acharya P, Kang SY, Vanga MG, Lee MY. Reproducible generation of human liver organoids (HLOs) on a pillar plate platform via microarray 3D bioprinting. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.11.584478. [PMID: 38559126 PMCID: PMC10979895 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.11.584478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Human liver organoids (HLOs) hold significant potential for recapitulating the architecture and function of liver tissues in vivo. However, conventional culture methods of HLOs, forming Matrigel domes in 6-/24-well plates, have technical limitations such as high cost and low throughput in organoid-based assays for predictive assessment of compounds in clinical and pharmacological lab settings. To address these issues, we have developed a unique microarray 3D bioprinting protocol of progenitor cells in biomimetic hydrogels on a pillar plate with sidewalls and slits, coupled with a clear bottom, 384-deep well plate for scale-up production of HLOs. Microarray 3D bioprinting, a droplet-based printing technology, was used to generate a large number of small organoids on the pillar plate for predictive hepatotoxicity assays. Foregut cells, differentiated from human iPSCs, were mixed with Matrigel and then printed on the pillar plate rapidly and uniformly, resulting in coefficient of variation (CV) values in the range of 15 - 18%, without any detrimental effect on cell viability. Despite utilizing 10 - 50-fold smaller cell culture volume compared to their counterparts in Matrigel domes in 6-/24-well plates, HLOs differentiated on the pillar plate exhibited similar morphology and superior function, potentially due to rapid diffusion of nutrients and oxygen at the small scale. Day 25 HLOs were robust and functional on the pillar plate in terms of their viability, albumin secretion, CYP3A4 activity, and drug toxicity testing, all with low CV values. From three independent trials of in situ assessment, the IC50 values calculated for sorafenib and tamoxifen were 6.2 ± 1.6 μM and 25.4 ± 8.3 μM, respectively. Therefore, our unique 3D bioprinting and miniature organoid culture on the pillar plate could be used for scale-up, reproducible generation of HLOs with minimal manual intervention for high-throughput assessment of compound hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Shrestha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
| | | | - Prabha Acharya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
| | - Soo-Yeon Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
| | - Manav Goud Vanga
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
| | - Moo-Yeal Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
- Bioprinting Laboratories Inc., Dallas, Texas
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11
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Blake MJ, Steer CJ. Chimeric Livers: Interspecies Blastocyst Complementation and Xenotransplantation for End-Stage Liver Disease. Hepat Med 2024; 16:11-29. [PMID: 38379783 PMCID: PMC10878318 DOI: 10.2147/hmer.s440697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) currently serves as the sole definitive treatment for thousands of patients suffering from end-stage liver disease; and the existing supply of donor livers for OLT is drastically outpaced by the increasing demand. To alleviate this significant gap in treatment, several experimental approaches have been devised with the aim of either offering interim support to patients waiting on the transplant list or bioengineering complete livers for OLT by infusing them with fresh hepatic cells. Recently, interspecies blastocyst complementation has emerged as a promising method for generating complete organs in utero over a short timeframe. When coupled with gene editing technology, it has brought about a potentially revolutionary transformation in regenerative medicine. Blastocyst complementation harbors notable potential for generating complete human livers in large animals, which could be used for xenotransplantation in humans, addressing the scarcity of livers for OLT. Nevertheless, substantial experimental and ethical challenges still need to be overcome to produce human livers in larger domestic animals like pigs. This review compiles the current understanding of interspecies blastocyst complementation and outlines future possibilities for liver xenotransplantation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelyn J Blake
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Clifford J Steer
- Departments of Medicine, and Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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12
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Jin ZL, Xu K, Kim J, Guo H, Yao X, Xu YN, Li YH, Ryu D, Kim KP, Hong K, Kim YJ, Wang L, Cao Q, Kim KH, Kim NH, Han DW. 3D hepatic organoid production from human pluripotent stem cells. Differentiation 2024; 135:100742. [PMID: 38104501 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2023.100742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic organoids might provide a golden opportunity for realizing precision medicine in various hepatic diseases. Previously described hepatic organoid protocols from pluripotent stem cells rely on complicated multiple differentiation steps consisting of both 2D and 3D differentiation procedures. Therefore, the spontaneous formation of hepatic organoids from 2D monolayer culture is associated with a low-throughput production, which might hinder the standardization of hepatic organoid production and hamper the translation of this technology to the clinical or industrial setting. Here we describe the stepwise and fully 3D production of hepatic organoids from human pluripotent stem cells. We optimized every differentiation step by screening for optimal concentrations and timing of differentiation signals in each differentiation step. Hepatic organoids are stably expandable without losing their hepatic functionality. Moreover, upon treatment of drugs with known hepatotoxicity, we found hepatic organoids are more sensitive to drug-induced hepatotoxicity compared with 2D hepatocytes differentiated from PSCs, making them highly suitable for in vitro toxicity screening of drug candidates. The standardized fully 3D protocol described in the current study for producing functional hepatic organoids might serve as a novel platform for the industrial and clinical translation of hepatic organoid technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Long Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jianghai, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province, China; Research and Development Department, Qingdao Haier Biotech Co. Ltd, Qingdao, China
| | - KangHe Xu
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28864, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghun Kim
- Department of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Hao Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jianghai, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province, China; Research and Development Department, Qingdao Haier Biotech Co. Ltd, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuerui Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jianghai, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province, China; Research and Development Department, Qingdao Haier Biotech Co. Ltd, Qingdao, China
| | - Yong-Nan Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Ying-Hua Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - DongHee Ryu
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28864, Republic of Korea; Department of Surgery, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, 28864, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee-Pyo Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwonho Hong
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Humanized Pig Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-June Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28864, Republic of Korea; Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, 28864, Republic of Korea
| | - Lin Wang
- Research and Development Department, Qingdao Haier Biotech Co. Ltd, Qingdao, China
| | - Qilong Cao
- Research and Development Department, Qingdao Haier Biotech Co. Ltd, Qingdao, China
| | - Kyun-Hwan Kim
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyung Kim
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China; Research and Development Department, Qingdao Haier Biotech Co. Ltd, Qingdao, China; Laboratory of Stem Cells and Organoids, OrganFactory Co., Ltd., Cheongju, 28864, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Wook Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China; Research and Development Department, Qingdao Haier Biotech Co. Ltd, Qingdao, China; Laboratory of Stem Cells and Organoids, OrganFactory Co., Ltd., Cheongju, 28864, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Hyötyläinen T, McGlinchey A, Salihovic S, Schubert A, Douglas A, Hay DC, O'Shaughnessy PJ, Iredale JP, Shaw S, Fowler PA, Orešič M. In utero exposures to perfluoroalkyl substances and the human fetal liver metabolome in Scotland: a cross-sectional study. Lancet Planet Health 2024; 8:e5-e17. [PMID: 38199723 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(23)00257-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances are classed as endocrine disrupting compounds but continue to be used in many products such as firefighting foams, flame retardants, utensil coatings, and waterproofing of food packaging. Perfluoroalkyl exposure aberrantly modulates lipid, metabolite, and bile acid levels, increasing susceptibility to onset and severity of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. To date, most studies in humans have focused on perfluoroalkyl-exposure effects in adults. In this study we aimed to show if perfluoroalkyls are present in the human fetal liver and if they have metabolic consequences for the human fetus. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, human fetal livers from elective termination of pregnancies at the Aberdeen Pregnancy Counselling Service, Aberdeen, UK, were analysed by both targeted (bile acids and perfluoroalkyl substances) and combined targeted and untargeted (lipids and polar metabolites) mass spectrometry based metabolomic analyses, as well as with RNA-Seq. Only fetuses from normally progressing pregnancies (determined at ultrasound scan before termination), terminated for non-medical reasons, from women older than 16 years, fluent in English, and between 11 and 21 weeks of gestation were collected. Women exhibiting considerable emotional distress or whose fetuses had anomalies identified at ultrasound scan were excluded. Stringent bioinformatic and statistical methods such as partial correlation network analysis, linear regression, and pathway analysis were applied to this data to investigate the association of perfluoroalkyl exposure with hepatic metabolic pathways. FINDINGS Fetuses included in this study were collected between Dec 2, 2004, and Oct 27, 2014. 78 fetuses were included in the study: all 78 fetuses were included in the metabolomics analysis (40 female and 38 male) and 57 fetuses were included in the RNA-Seq analysis (28 female and 29 male). Metabolites associated with perfluoroalkyl were identified in the fetal liver and these varied with gestational age. Conjugated bile acids were markedly positively associated with fetal age. 23 amino acids, fatty acids, and sugar derivatives in fetal livers were inversely associated with perfluoroalkyl exposure, and the bile acid glycolithocholic acid was markedly positively associated with all quantified perfluoroalkyl. Furthermore, 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one, a marker of bile acid synthesis rate, was strongly positively associated with perfluoroalkyl levels and was detectable as early as gestational week 12. INTERPRETATION Our study shows direct evidence for the in utero effects of perfluoroalkyl exposure on specific key hepatic products. Our results provide evidence that perfluoroalkyl exposure, with potential future consequences, manifests in the human fetus as early as the first trimester of gestation. Furthermore, the profiles of metabolic changes resemble those observed in perinatal perfluoroalkyl exposures. Such exposures are already linked with susceptibility, initiation, progression, and exacerbation of a wide range of metabolic diseases. FUNDING UK Medical Research Council, Horizon Europe Program of the European Union, Seventh Framework Programme of the European Union, NHS Grampian Endowments grants, European Partnership for the Assessment of Risks from Chemicals, Swedish Research Council, Formas, Novo Nordisk Foundation, and the Academy of Finland.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aidan McGlinchey
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Samira Salihovic
- School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Antonia Schubert
- School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Alex Douglas
- The Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - David C Hay
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | - Sophie Shaw
- All Wales Medical Genomics Service, Institute of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Paul A Fowler
- The Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
| | - Matej Orešič
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
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14
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Mun SJ, Hong YH, Shin Y, Lee J, Cho HS, Kim DS, Chung KS, Son MJ. Efficient and reproducible generation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived expandable liver organoids for disease modeling. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22935. [PMID: 38129682 PMCID: PMC10739970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50250-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic liver disease modeling is difficult because it is challenging to access patient tissue samples and to develop practical and relevant model systems. Previously, we developed novel proliferative and functional liver organoids from pluripotent stem cells; however, the protocol requires improvement for standardization and reproducible mass production. Here, we improved the method such that it is suitable for scalable expansion and relatively homogenous production, resulting in an efficient and reproducible process. Moreover, three medium components critical for long-term expansion were defined. Detailed transcriptome analysis revealed that fibroblast growth factor signaling, the essential pathway for hepatocyte proliferation during liver regeneration, was mainly enriched in proliferative liver organoids. Short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of FGFR4 impaired the generation and proliferation of organoids. Finally, glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD1a) patient-specific liver organoids were efficiently and reproducibly generated using the new protocol. They well maintained disease-specific phenotypes such as higher lipid and glycogen accumulation in the liver organoids and lactate secretion into the medium consistent with the main pathologic characteristics of patients with GSD1a. Therefore, our newly established liver organoid platform can provide scalable and practical personalized disease models and help to find new therapies for incurable liver diseases including genetic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Ju Mun
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Hwa Hong
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongbo Shin
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajungro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseo Lee
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Cho
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajungro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Soo Kim
- Department of Bioinformatics, UST, 217 Gajungro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
- Department of Digital Biotech Innovation Center, KRIBB, 125 Gwahak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sook Chung
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajungro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, KRIBB, 125 Gwahak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myung Jin Son
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajungro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Jin Q, Hu Y, Gao Y, Zheng J, Chen J, Gao C, Peng J. Hhex and Prox1a synergistically dictate the hepatoblast to hepatocyte differentiation in zebrafish. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 686:149182. [PMID: 37922575 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The specification of endoderm cells to prospective hepatoblasts is the starting point for hepatogenesis. However, how a prospective hepatoblast gains the hepatic fate remains elusive. Previous studies have shown that loss-of-function of either hhex or prox1a alone causes a small liver phenotype but without abolishing the hepatocyte differentiation, suggesting that absence of either Hhex or Prox1a alone is not sufficient to block the hepatoblast differentiation. Here, via genetic studies of the zebrafish two single (hhex-/- and prox1a-/-) and one double (hhex-/-prox1a-/-) mutants, we show that simultaneous loss-of-function of the hhex and prox1a two genes does not block the endoderm cells to gain the hepatoblast potency but abolishes the hepatic differentiation from the prospective hepatoblast. Consequently, the hhex-/-prox1a-/- double mutant displays a liverless phenotype that cannot be rescued by the injection of bmp2a mRNA. Taken together, we provide strong evidences showing that Hhex teams with Prox1a to act as a master control of the differentiation of the prospective hepatoblasts towards hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxia Jin
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
| | - Yuqing Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
| | - Yuqi Gao
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
| | - Jiayi Zheng
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
| | - Ce Gao
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China.
| | - Jinrong Peng
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China.
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16
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Hidalgo-Álvarez J, Salas-Lucia F, Vera Cruz D, Fonseca TL, Bianco AC. Localized T3 production modifies the transcriptome and promotes the hepatocyte-like lineage in iPSC-derived hepatic organoids. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e173780. [PMID: 37856222 PMCID: PMC10795825 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.173780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) levels are low during development, and the deiodinases control TH signaling through tissue-specific activation or inactivation of TH. Here, we studied human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived (iPSC-derived) hepatic organoids and identified a robust induction of DIO2 expression (the deiodinase that activates T4 to T3) that occurs in hepatoblasts. The surge in DIO2-T3 (the deiodinase that activates thyroxine [T4] to triiodothyronine [T3]) persists until the hepatoblasts differentiate into hepatocyte- or cholangiocyte-like cells, neither of which expresses DIO2. Preventing the induction of the DIO2-T3 signaling modified the expression of key transcription factors, decreased the number of hepatocyte-like cells by ~60%, and increased the number of cholangiocyte-like cells by ~55% without affecting the growth or the size of the mature liver organoid. Physiological levels of T3 could not fully restore the transition from hepatoblasts to mature cells. This indicates that the timed surge in DIO2-T3 signaling critically determines the fate of developing human hepatoblasts and the transcriptome of the maturing hepatocytes, with physiological and clinical implications for how the liver handles energy substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Diana Vera Cruz
- Center for Research Informatics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Tatiana L. Fonseca
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, and
| | - Antonio C. Bianco
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, and
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17
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Ori C, Ansari M, Angelidis I, Olmer R, Martin U, Theis FJ, Schiller HB, Drukker M. Human pluripotent stem cell fate trajectories toward lung and hepatocyte progenitors. iScience 2023; 26:108205. [PMID: 38026193 PMCID: PMC10663741 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we interrogate molecular mechanisms underlying the specification of lung progenitors from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). We employ single-cell RNA-sequencing with high temporal precision, alongside an optimized differentiation protocol, to elucidate the transcriptional hierarchy of lung specification to chart the associated single-cell trajectories. Our findings indicate that Sonic hedgehog, TGF-β, and Notch activation are essential within an ISL1/NKX2-1 trajectory, leading to the emergence of lung progenitors during the foregut endoderm phase. Additionally, the induction of HHEX delineates an alternate trajectory at the early definitive endoderm stage, preceding the lung pathway and giving rise to a significant hepatoblast population. Intriguingly, neither KDR+ nor mesendoderm progenitors manifest as intermediate stages in the lung and hepatic lineage development. Our multistep model offers insights into lung organogenesis and provides a foundation for in-depth study of early human lung development and modeling using hPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaido Ori
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
| | - Meshal Ansari
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
- Department of Computational Health, Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ilias Angelidis
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Ruth Olmer
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Martin
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Fabian J. Theis
- Department of Computational Health, Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Herbert B. Schiller
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Pneumology, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Micha Drukker
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
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18
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Rao L, Cai L, Huang L. Single-cell dynamics of liver development in postnatal pigs. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:2583-2597. [PMID: 37783617 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The postnatal development of the liver, an essential organ for metabolism and immunity, remains poorly characterized at the single-cell resolution. Here, we generated single-nucleus and single-cell transcriptomes of 84,824 pig liver cells at four postnatal time points: day 30, 42, 150, and 730. We uncovered 23 cell types, including three rare cell types: plasmacytoid dendritic cells, CAVIN3+IGF2+ endothelial cells, and EBF1+ fibroblasts. The latter two were verified by multiplex immunohistochemistry. Trajectory and gene regulatory analyses revealed 33 genes that encode transcription factors associated with hepatocyte development and function, including NFIL3 involved in regulating hepatic metabolism. We characterized the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of liver endothelial cells, identified and validated leucine zipper protein 2 (LUZP2) as a novel adult liver sinusoidal endothelial cell-specific transcription factor. Lymphoid cells (NK and T cells) governed the immune system of the pig liver since day 30. Furthermore, we identified a cluster of tissue-resident NK cells, which displayed virus defense functions, maintained proliferative features at day 730, and manifested a higher conservative transcription factor expression pattern in humans than in mouse liver. Our study presents the most comprehensive postnatal liver development single-cell atlas and demonstrates the metabolic and immune changes across the four age stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Rao
- National Key Laboratory for Swine Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| | - Liping Cai
- National Key Laboratory for Swine Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Lusheng Huang
- National Key Laboratory for Swine Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
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19
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Kulikauskas MR, Oatley M, Yu T, Liu Z, Matsumura L, Kidder E, Ruter D, Bautch VL. Endothelial cell SMAD6 balances Alk1 function to regulate adherens junctions and hepatic vascular development. Development 2023; 150:dev201811. [PMID: 37787089 PMCID: PMC10629679 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
BMP signaling is crucial to blood vessel formation and function, but how pathway components regulate vascular development is not well-understood. Here, we find that inhibitory SMAD6 functions in endothelial cells to negatively regulate ALK1-mediated responses, and it is required to prevent vessel dysmorphogenesis and hemorrhage in the embryonic liver vasculature. Reduced Alk1 gene dosage rescued embryonic hepatic hemorrhage and microvascular capillarization induced by Smad6 deletion in endothelial cells in vivo. At the cellular level, co-depletion of Smad6 and Alk1 rescued the destabilized junctions and impaired barrier function of endothelial cells depleted for SMAD6 alone. Mechanistically, blockade of actomyosin contractility or increased PI3K signaling rescued endothelial junction defects induced by SMAD6 loss. Thus, SMAD6 normally modulates ALK1 function in endothelial cells to regulate PI3K signaling and contractility, and SMAD6 loss increases signaling through ALK1 that disrupts endothelial cell junctions. ALK1 loss-of-function also disrupts vascular development and function, indicating that balanced ALK1 signaling is crucial for proper vascular development and identifying ALK1 as a 'Goldilocks' pathway in vascular biology that requires a certain signaling amplitude, regulated by SMAD6, to function properly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly R. Kulikauskas
- Cell Biology and Physiology Curriculum, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Morgan Oatley
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Tianji Yu
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ziqing Liu
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lauren Matsumura
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Elise Kidder
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dana Ruter
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Victoria L. Bautch
- Cell Biology and Physiology Curriculum, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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20
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Yang L, Wang X, Zheng JX, Xu ZR, Li LC, Xiong YL, Zhou BC, Gao J, Xu CR. Determination of key events in mouse hepatocyte maturation at the single-cell level. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1996-2010.e6. [PMID: 37557173 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocytes, the liver's predominant cells, perform numerous essential biological functions. However, crucial events and regulators during hepatocyte maturation require in-depth investigation. In this study, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) to explore the precise hepatocyte development process in mice. We defined three maturation stages of postnatal hepatocytes, each of which establishes specific metabolic functions and exhibits distinct proliferation rates. Hepatic zonation is gradually formed during hepatocyte maturation. Hepatocytes or their nuclei with distinct ploidies exhibit zonation preferences in distribution and asynchrony in maturation. Moreover, by combining gene regulatory network analysis with in vivo genetic manipulation, we identified critical maturation- and zonation-related transcription factors. This study not only delineates the comprehensive transcriptomic profiles of hepatocyte maturation but also presents a paradigm to identify genes that function in the development of hepatocyte maturation and zonation by combining genetic manipulation and measurement of coordinates in a single-cell developmental trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jia-Xi Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Zi-Ran Xu
- PKU-Tsinghua-NIBS Graduate Program, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lin-Chen Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yu-Long Xiong
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bi-Chen Zhou
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Cheng-Ran Xu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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21
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Unterweger IA, Klepstad J, Hannezo E, Lundegaard PR, Trusina A, Ober EA. Lineage tracing identifies heterogeneous hepatoblast contribution to cell lineages and postembryonic organ growth dynamics. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002315. [PMID: 37792696 PMCID: PMC10550115 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To meet the physiological demands of the body, organs need to establish a functional tissue architecture and adequate size as the embryo develops to adulthood. In the liver, uni- and bipotent progenitor differentiation into hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells (BECs), and their relative proportions, comprise the functional architecture. Yet, the contribution of individual liver progenitors at the organ level to both fates, and their specific proportion, is unresolved. Combining mathematical modelling with organ-wide, multispectral FRaeppli-NLS lineage tracing in zebrafish, we demonstrate that a precise BEC-to-hepatocyte ratio is established (i) fast, (ii) solely by heterogeneous lineage decisions from uni- and bipotent progenitors, and (iii) independent of subsequent cell type-specific proliferation. Extending lineage tracing to adulthood determined that embryonic cells undergo spatially heterogeneous three-dimensional growth associated with distinct environments. Strikingly, giant clusters comprising almost half a ventral lobe suggest lobe-specific dominant-like growth behaviours. We show substantial hepatocyte polyploidy in juveniles representing another hallmark of postembryonic liver growth. Our findings uncover heterogeneous progenitor contributions to tissue architecture-defining cell type proportions and postembryonic organ growth as key mechanisms forming the adult liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris. A. Unterweger
- University of Copenhagen, NNF Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), Copenhagen N, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Julie Klepstad
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology, CSIC, University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Edouard Hannezo
- Institute of Science and Technology, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Pia R. Lundegaard
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Ala Trusina
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elke A. Ober
- University of Copenhagen, NNF Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), Copenhagen N, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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22
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Li S, Yang M, Teng S, Lin K, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Guo W, Wang D. Chromatin accessibility dynamics in colorectal cancer liver metastasis: Uncovering the liver tropism at single cell resolution. Pharmacol Res 2023; 195:106896. [PMID: 37633511 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis causes over 90% of cancer related death and no currently available therapies target it. However, there is limited understanding regarding the epigenetic regulation of genes during this complex process. Here by integrating single-cell ATAC-seq (scATAC-seq), single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq), microarray, bulk RNA-seq, immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining, as well as proteomics datasets from paired primary and liver metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model and patients, we discovered that liver metastatic CRC cells lose their colon-specific chromatin accessible sites yet gain liver-specific ones. Importantly, we observed elevated accessibility of HNF4A, a liver-specific transcription factor, in liver metastatic CRC cells. Subsequently, we performed clustering analysis of liver metastatic CRC cells together with cells involved in liver development, revealing significant heterogeneity among the liver metastatic CRC cells. Over 50% of the liver metastatic CRC cells exhibited characteristics similar to those of erythroid progenitors and hepatocytes, showing increased expression of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. Moreover, our discovery further revealed that the MHC and IFN response genes in these cells exhibit moderate epigenetic activity, which is significantly associated with the low objective response rates in checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. Our findings uncovered the critical roles of HNF4A and the cell populations within liver metastatic CRC cells might serve as crucial therapeutic targets for addressing liver metastasis and improving the immunotherapy response in patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology & Guangzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, Medical Center for Comprehensive Weight Control, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuaishuai Teng
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kequan Lin
- Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yumei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yanmei Zhang
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Haining 314400, China; Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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23
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Lotto J, Stephan TL, Hoodless PA. Fetal liver development and implications for liver disease pathogenesis. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 20:561-581. [PMID: 37208503 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00775-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic, digestive and homeostatic roles of the liver are dependent on proper crosstalk and organization of hepatic cell lineages. These hepatic cell lineages are derived from their respective progenitors early in organogenesis in a spatiotemporally controlled manner, contributing to the liver's specialized and diverse microarchitecture. Advances in genomics, lineage tracing and microscopy have led to seminal discoveries in the past decade that have elucidated liver cell lineage hierarchies. In particular, single-cell genomics has enabled researchers to explore diversity within the liver, especially early in development when the application of bulk genomics was previously constrained due to the organ's small scale, resulting in low cell numbers. These discoveries have substantially advanced our understanding of cell differentiation trajectories, cell fate decisions, cell lineage plasticity and the signalling microenvironment underlying the formation of the liver. In addition, they have provided insights into the pathogenesis of liver disease and cancer, in which developmental processes participate in disease emergence and regeneration. Future work will focus on the translation of this knowledge to optimize in vitro models of liver development and fine-tune regenerative medicine strategies to treat liver disease. In this Review, we discuss the emergence of hepatic parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells, advances that have been made in in vitro modelling of liver development and draw parallels between developmental and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Lotto
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Cell and Developmental Biology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tabea L Stephan
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Cell and Developmental Biology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pamela A Hoodless
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Cell and Developmental Biology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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24
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Zhang XS, Xie G, Ma H, Ding S, Wu YX, Fei Y, Cheng Q, Huang Y, Wang Y. Highly reproducible and cost-effective one-pot organoid differentiation using a novel platform based on PF-127 triggered spheroid assembly. Biofabrication 2023; 15:045014. [PMID: 37552975 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/acee21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Organoid technology offers sophisticatedin vitrohuman models for basic research and drug development. However, low batch-to-batch reproducibility and high cost due to laborious procedures and materials prevent organoid culture standardization for automation and high-throughput applications. Here, using a novel platform based on the findings that Pluronic F-127 (PF-127) could trigger highly uniform spheroid assembly through a mechanism different from plate coating, we develop a one-pot organoid differentiation strategy. Using our strategy, we successfully generate cortical, nephron, hepatic, and lung organoids with improved reproducibility compared to previous methods while reducing the original costs by 80%-95%. In addition, we adapt our platform to microfluidic chips allowing automated culture. We showcase that our platform can be applied to tissue-specific screening, such as drug toxicity and transfection reagents testing. Finally, we generateNEAT1knockout tissue-specific organoids and showNEAT1modulates multiple signaling pathways fine-tuning the differentiation of nephron and hepatic organoids and suppresses immune responses in cortical organoids. In summary, our strategy provides a powerful platform for advancing organoid research and studying human development and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Shan Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Xie
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghao Ma
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangjin Ding
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Xia Wu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Fei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyi Huang
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Cell Analysis, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangming Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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25
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Gannoun L, De Schrevel C, Belle M, Dauguet N, Achouri Y, Loriot A, Vanderaa C, Cordi S, Dili A, Heremans Y, Rooman I, Leclercq IA, Jacquemin P, Gatto L, Lemaigre FP. Axon guidance genes control hepatic artery development. Development 2023; 150:dev201642. [PMID: 37497580 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Earlier data on liver development demonstrated that morphogenesis of the bile duct, portal mesenchyme and hepatic artery is interdependent, yet how this interdependency is orchestrated remains unknown. Here, using 2D and 3D imaging, we first describe how portal mesenchymal cells become organised to form hepatic arteries. Next, we examined intercellular signalling active during portal area development and found that axon guidance genes are dynamically expressed in developing bile ducts and portal mesenchyme. Using tissue-specific gene inactivation in mice, we show that the repulsive guidance molecule BMP co-receptor A (RGMA)/neogenin (NEO1) receptor/ligand pair is dispensable for portal area development, but that deficient roundabout 2 (ROBO2)/SLIT2 signalling in the portal mesenchyme causes reduced maturation of the vascular smooth muscle cells that form the tunica media of the hepatic artery. This arterial anomaly does not impact liver function in homeostatic conditions, but is associated with significant tissular damage following partial hepatectomy. In conclusion, our work identifies new players in development of the liver vasculature in health and liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lila Gannoun
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Catalina De Schrevel
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Morgane Belle
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Department of Development, Rue Moreau 17, Paris 75012, France
| | - Nicolas Dauguet
- Flow cytometry CYTF platform, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Younes Achouri
- Transgene Technology Platform TRSG, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Avenue Hippocrate 75, Belgium 1200
| | - Axelle Loriot
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Christophe Vanderaa
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Sabine Cordi
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Alexandra Dili
- HPB Surgery Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire UCL Namur, Site Mont-Godinne, Avenue du Dr. Thérasse 1, Yvoir 5530, Belgium
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 53, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Yves Heremans
- Visual & Spatial Tissue Analysis (VSTA) core facility, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels 1090, Belgium
| | - Ilse Rooman
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Oncology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels 1090, Belgium
| | - Isabelle A Leclercq
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 53, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Patrick Jacquemin
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Laurent Gatto
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Frédéric P Lemaigre
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75, Brussels 1200, Belgium
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26
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Fattahi P, de Hoyos-Vega JM, Choi JH, Duffy CD, Gonzalez-Suarez AM, Ishida Y, Nguyen KM, Gwon K, Peterson QP, Saito T, Stybayeva G, Revzin A. Guiding Hepatic Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells Using 3D Microfluidic Co-Cultures with Human Hepatocytes. Cells 2023; 12:1982. [PMID: 37566061 PMCID: PMC10417547 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are capable of unlimited proliferation and can undergo differentiation to give rise to cells and tissues of the three primary germ layers. While directing lineage selection of hPSCs has been an active area of research, improving the efficiency of differentiation remains an important objective. In this study, we describe a two-compartment microfluidic device for co-cultivation of adult human hepatocytes and stem cells. Both cell types were cultured in a 3D or spheroid format. Adult hepatocytes remained highly functional in the microfluidic device over the course of 4 weeks and served as a source of instructive paracrine cues to drive hepatic differentiation of stem cells cultured in the neighboring compartment. The differentiation of stem cells was more pronounced in microfluidic co-cultures compared to a standard hepatic differentiation protocol. In addition to improving stem cell differentiation outcomes, the microfluidic co-culture system described here may be used for parsing signals and mechanisms controlling hepatic cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouria Fattahi
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (P.F.); (J.M.d.H.-V.); (J.H.C.); (C.D.D.); (A.M.G.-S.); (K.M.N.); (K.G.); (Q.P.P.); (G.S.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jose M. de Hoyos-Vega
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (P.F.); (J.M.d.H.-V.); (J.H.C.); (C.D.D.); (A.M.G.-S.); (K.M.N.); (K.G.); (Q.P.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Jong Hoon Choi
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (P.F.); (J.M.d.H.-V.); (J.H.C.); (C.D.D.); (A.M.G.-S.); (K.M.N.); (K.G.); (Q.P.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Caden D. Duffy
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (P.F.); (J.M.d.H.-V.); (J.H.C.); (C.D.D.); (A.M.G.-S.); (K.M.N.); (K.G.); (Q.P.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Alan M. Gonzalez-Suarez
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (P.F.); (J.M.d.H.-V.); (J.H.C.); (C.D.D.); (A.M.G.-S.); (K.M.N.); (K.G.); (Q.P.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Yuji Ishida
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (Y.I.); (T.S.)
- Research and Development Unit, PhoenixBio Co., Ltd., Higashi-Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Kianna M. Nguyen
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (P.F.); (J.M.d.H.-V.); (J.H.C.); (C.D.D.); (A.M.G.-S.); (K.M.N.); (K.G.); (Q.P.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Kihak Gwon
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (P.F.); (J.M.d.H.-V.); (J.H.C.); (C.D.D.); (A.M.G.-S.); (K.M.N.); (K.G.); (Q.P.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Quinn P. Peterson
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (P.F.); (J.M.d.H.-V.); (J.H.C.); (C.D.D.); (A.M.G.-S.); (K.M.N.); (K.G.); (Q.P.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Takeshi Saito
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (Y.I.); (T.S.)
| | - Gulnaz Stybayeva
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (P.F.); (J.M.d.H.-V.); (J.H.C.); (C.D.D.); (A.M.G.-S.); (K.M.N.); (K.G.); (Q.P.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Alexander Revzin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (P.F.); (J.M.d.H.-V.); (J.H.C.); (C.D.D.); (A.M.G.-S.); (K.M.N.); (K.G.); (Q.P.P.); (G.S.)
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27
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Urzì O, Gasparro R, Costanzo E, De Luca A, Giavaresi G, Fontana S, Alessandro R. Three-Dimensional Cell Cultures: The Bridge between In Vitro and In Vivo Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12046. [PMID: 37569426 PMCID: PMC10419178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Although historically, the traditional bidimensional in vitro cell system has been widely used in research, providing much fundamental information regarding cellular functions and signaling pathways as well as nuclear activities, the simplicity of this system does not fully reflect the heterogeneity and complexity of the in vivo systems. From this arises the need to use animals for experimental research and in vivo testing. Nevertheless, animal use in experimentation presents various aspects of complexity, such as ethical issues, which led Russell and Burch in 1959 to formulate the 3R (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement) principle, underlying the urgent need to introduce non-animal-based methods in research. Considering this, three-dimensional (3D) models emerged in the scientific community as a bridge between in vitro and in vivo models, allowing for the achievement of cell differentiation and complexity while avoiding the use of animals in experimental research. The purpose of this review is to provide a general overview of the most common methods to establish 3D cell culture and to discuss their promising applications. Three-dimensional cell cultures have been employed as models to study both organ physiology and diseases; moreover, they represent a valuable tool for studying many aspects of cancer. Finally, the possibility of using 3D models for drug screening and regenerative medicine paves the way for the development of new therapeutic opportunities for many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Urzì
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (O.U.); (R.G.); (E.C.); (R.A.)
| | - Roberta Gasparro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (O.U.); (R.G.); (E.C.); (R.A.)
| | - Elisa Costanzo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (O.U.); (R.G.); (E.C.); (R.A.)
| | - Angela De Luca
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.L.); (G.G.)
| | - Gianluca Giavaresi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.L.); (G.G.)
| | - Simona Fontana
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (O.U.); (R.G.); (E.C.); (R.A.)
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (O.U.); (R.G.); (E.C.); (R.A.)
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28
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Calamaio S, Serzanti M, Boniotti J, Fra A, Garrafa E, Cominelli M, Verardi R, Poliani PL, Dotti S, Villa R, Mazzoleni G, Dell’Era P, Steimberg N. Human iPSC-Derived 3D Hepatic Organoids in a Miniaturized Dynamic Culture System. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2114. [PMID: 37626611 PMCID: PMC10452373 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of identifying and approving a new drug is a time-consuming and expensive procedure. One of the biggest issues to overcome is the risk of hepatotoxicity, which is one of the main reasons for drug withdrawal from the market. While animal models are the gold standard in preclinical drug testing, the translation of results into therapeutic intervention is often ambiguous due to interspecies differences in hepatic metabolism. The discovery of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and their derivatives has opened new possibilities for drug testing. We used mesenchymal stem cells and hepatocytes both derived from hiPSCs, together with endothelial cells, to miniaturize the process of generating hepatic organoids. These organoids were then cultivated in vitro using both static and dynamic cultures. Additionally, we tested spheroids solely composed by induced hepatocytes. By miniaturizing the system, we demonstrated the possibility of maintaining the organoids, but not the spheroids, in culture for up to 1 week. This timeframe may be sufficient to carry out a hypothetical pharmacological test or screening. In conclusion, we propose that the hiPSC-derived liver organoid model could complement or, in the near future, replace the pharmacological and toxicological tests conducted on animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Calamaio
- Cellular Fate Reprogramming Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Marialaura Serzanti
- Cellular Fate Reprogramming Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Jennifer Boniotti
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (J.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Annamaria Fra
- Oncology and Experimental Immunology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Emirena Garrafa
- Laboratory Diagnostics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Manuela Cominelli
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.C.); (P.L.P.)
| | - Rosanna Verardi
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Manipulation and Cryopreservation, Department of Transfusion Medicine, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Pietro Luigi Poliani
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.C.); (P.L.P.)
| | - Silvia Dotti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia-Romagna, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (S.D.); (R.V.)
| | - Riccardo Villa
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia-Romagna, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (S.D.); (R.V.)
| | - Giovanna Mazzoleni
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (J.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Patrizia Dell’Era
- Cellular Fate Reprogramming Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Nathalie Steimberg
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (J.B.); (G.M.)
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Luo Q, Wang N, Que H, Mai E, Hu Y, Tan R, Gu J, Gong P. Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Hepatocyte-like Cells: Induction Methods and Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11592. [PMID: 37511351 PMCID: PMC10380504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of regenerative medicine provides new options for the treatment of end-stage liver diseases. Stem cells, such as bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, embryonic stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), are effective tools for tissue repair in regenerative medicine. iPSCs are an appropriate source of hepatocytes for the treatment of liver disease due to their unlimited multiplication capacity, their coverage of the entire range of genetics required to simulate human disease, and their evasion of ethical implications. iPSCs have the ability to gradually produce hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) with homologous phenotypes and physiological functions. However, how to induce iPSCs to differentiate into HLCs efficiently and accurately is still a hot topic. This review describes the existing approaches for inducing the differentiation of iPSCs into HLCs, as well as some challenges faced, and summarizes various parameters for determining the quality and functionality of HLCs. Furthermore, the application of iPSCs for in vitro hepatoprotective drug screening and modeling of liver disease is discussed. In conclusion, iPSCs will be a dependable source of cells for stem-cell therapy to treat end-stage liver disease and are anticipated to facilitate individualized treatment for liver disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiulin Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Hanyun Que
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Erziya Mai
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Yanting Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Rui Tan
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610032, China
| | - Jian Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Puyang Gong
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China
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30
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Han DW, Xu K, Jin ZL, Xu YN, Li YH, Wang L, Cao Q, Kim KP, Ryu D, Hong K, Kim NH. Customized liver organoids as an advanced in vitro modeling and drug discovery platform for non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:3595-3613. [PMID: 37497008 PMCID: PMC10367556 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.85145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its progressive form non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have presented a major and common health concern worldwide due to their increasing prevalence and progressive development of severe pathological conditions such as cirrhosis and liver cancer. Although a large number of drug candidates for the treatment of NASH have entered clinical trial testing, all have not been released to market due to their limited efficacy, and there remains no approved treatment for NASH available to this day. Recently, organoid technology that produces 3D multicellular aggregates with a liver tissue-like cytoarchitecture and improved functionality has been suggested as a novel platform for modeling the human-specific complex pathophysiology of NAFLD and NASH. In this review, we describe the cellular crosstalk between each cellular compartment in the liver during the pathogenesis of NAFLD and NASH. We also summarize the current state of liver organoid technology, describing the cellular diversity that could be recapitulated in liver organoids and proposing a future direction for liver organoid technology as an in vitro platform for disease modeling and drug discovery for NAFLD and NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wook Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jianghai, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province, China
- Research and Development, Qingdao Haier Biotech Co. Ltd, Qingdao, China
- Guangdong ORGANOID Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Jiangmen, China
| | - KangHe Xu
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhe-Long Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jianghai, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong ORGANOID Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Jiangmen, China
| | - Yong-Nan Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jianghai, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ying-Hua Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jianghai, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Research and Development, Qingdao Haier Biotech Co. Ltd, Qingdao, China
| | - Qilong Cao
- Research and Development, Qingdao Haier Biotech Co. Ltd, Qingdao, China
| | - Kee-Pyo Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - DongHee Ryu
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwonho Hong
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, The institute of advanced regenerative science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyung Kim
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jianghai, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province, China
- Research and Development, Qingdao Haier Biotech Co. Ltd, Qingdao, China
- Guangdong ORGANOID Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Jiangmen, China
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31
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Bai J, Lin Y, Zhang J, Chen Z, Wang Y, Li M, Li J. Profiling of Chromatin Accessibility in Pigs across Multiple Tissues and Developmental Stages. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11076. [PMID: 37446255 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of chromatin accessibility across tissues and developmental stages is essential for elucidating the transcriptional regulation of various phenotypes and biological processes. However, the chromatin accessibility profiles of multiple tissues in newborn pigs and across porcine liver development remain poorly investigated. Here, we used ATAC-seq and rRNA-depleted RNA-seq to profile open chromatin maps and transcriptional features of heart, kidney, liver, lung, skeletal muscle, and spleen in newborn pigs and porcine liver tissue in the suckling and adult stages, respectively. Specifically, by analyzing a union set of protein-coding genes (PCGs) and two types of transcripts (lncRNAs and TUCPs), we obtained a comprehensive annotation of consensus ATAC-seq peaks for each tissue and developmental stage. As expected, the PCGs with tissue-specific accessible promoters had active transcription and were relevant to tissue-specific functions. In addition, other non-coding tissue-specific peaks were involved in both physical activity and the morphogenesis of neonatal tissues. We also characterized stage-specific peaks and observed a close association between dynamic chromatin accessibility and hepatic function transition during liver postnatal development. Overall, this study expands our current understanding of epigenetic regulation in mammalian tissues and organ development, which can benefit both economic trait improvement and improve the biomedical usage of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Bai
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yu Lin
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiaman Zhang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ziyu Chen
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mingzhou Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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32
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Bravo M, Simón J, González-Recio I, Martinez-Cruz LA, Goikoetxea-Usandizaga N, Martínez-Chantar ML. Magnesium and Liver Metabolism Through the Lifespan. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:739-751. [PMID: 37207838 PMCID: PMC10334155 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the organism, the liver is the main organ responsible for metabolic homeostasis and xenobiotic transformation. To maintain an adequate liver weight-to-bodyweight ratio, this organ has an extraordinary regenerative capacity and is able to respond to an acute insult or partial hepatectomy. Maintenance of hepatic homeostasis is crucial for the proper functioning of the liver, and in this context, adequate nutrition with macro- and micronutrient intake is mandatory. Among all known macro-minerals, magnesium has a key role in energy metabolism and in metabolic and signaling pathways that maintain liver function and physiology throughout its life span. In the present review, the cation is reported as a potential key molecule during embryogenesis, liver regeneration, and aging. The exact role of the cation during liver formation and regeneration is not fully understood due to its unclear role in the activation and inhibition of those processes, and further research in a developmental context is needed. As individuals age, they may develop hypomagnesemia, a condition that aggravates the characteristic alterations. Additionally, risk of developing liver pathologies increases with age, and hypomagnesemia may be a contributing factor. Therefore, magnesium loss must be prevented by adequate intake of magnesium-rich foods such as seeds, nuts, spinach, or rice to prevent age-related hepatic alterations and contribute to the maintenance of hepatic homeostasis. Since magnesium-rich sources include a variety of foods, a varied and balanced diet can meet both macronutrient and micronutrient needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miren Bravo
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio (Bizkaia), Spain
| | - Jorge Simón
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio (Bizkaia), Spain; Center for Biomedical Research in Liver and Digestive Diseases Network (CIBERehd), Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Irene González-Recio
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio (Bizkaia), Spain
| | - Luis Alfonso Martinez-Cruz
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio (Bizkaia), Spain
| | - Naroa Goikoetxea-Usandizaga
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio (Bizkaia), Spain; Center for Biomedical Research in Liver and Digestive Diseases Network (CIBERehd), Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - María Luz Martínez-Chantar
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio (Bizkaia), Spain; Center for Biomedical Research in Liver and Digestive Diseases Network (CIBERehd), Bizkaia, Spain.
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33
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Wang S, Chen S, Sun J, Han P, Xu B, Li X, Zhong Y, Xu Z, Zhang P, Mi P, Zhang C, Li L, Zhang H, Xia Y, Li S, Heikenwalder M, Yuan D. m 6A modification-tuned sphingolipid metabolism regulates postnatal liver development in male mice. Nat Metab 2023; 5:842-860. [PMID: 37188818 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00808-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Different organs undergo distinct transcriptional, epigenetic and physiological alterations that guarantee their functional maturation after birth. However, the roles of epitranscriptomic machineries in these processes have remained elusive. Here we demonstrate that expression of RNA methyltransferase enzymes Mettl3 and Mettl14 gradually declines during postnatal liver development in male mice. Liver-specific Mettl3 deficiency causes hepatocyte hypertrophy, liver injury and growth retardation. Transcriptomic and N6-methyl-adenosine (m6A) profiling identify the neutral sphingomyelinase, Smpd3, as a target of Mettl3. Decreased decay of Smpd3 transcripts due to Mettl3 deficiency results in sphingolipid metabolism rewiring, characterized by toxic ceramide accumulation and leading to mitochondrial damage and elevated endoplasmic reticulum stress. Pharmacological Smpd3 inhibition, Smpd3 knockdown or Sgms1 overexpression that counteracts Smpd3 can ameliorate the abnormality of Mettl3-deficent liver. Our findings demonstrate that Mettl3-N6-methyl-adenosine fine-tunes sphingolipid metabolism, highlighting the pivotal role of an epitranscriptomic machinery in coordination of organ growth and the timing of functional maturation during postnatal liver development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiguan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shanze Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianfeng Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Pan Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bowen Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinying Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Youquan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Institute of Medical Virology, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zaichao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Institute of Medical Virology, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ping Mi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cuijuan Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lixiang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Jinan, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuchen Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Institute of Medical Virology, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Shiyang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
- The M3 Research Institute, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Detian Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Jinan, China.
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Ceccacci E, Villa E, Santoro F, Minucci S, Ruhrberg C, Fantin A. A Refined Single Cell Landscape of Haematopoiesis in the Mouse Foetal Liver. J Dev Biol 2023; 11:15. [PMID: 37092477 PMCID: PMC10123705 DOI: 10.3390/jdb11020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
During prenatal life, the foetal liver is colonised by several waves of haematopoietic progenitors to act as the main haematopoietic organ. Single cell (sc) RNA-seq has been used to identify foetal liver cell types via their transcriptomic signature and to compare gene expression patterns as haematopoietic development proceeds. To obtain a refined single cell landscape of haematopoiesis in the foetal liver, we have generated a scRNA-seq dataset from a whole mouse E12.5 liver that includes a larger number of cells than prior datasets at this stage and was obtained without cell type preselection to include all liver cell populations. We combined mining of this dataset with that of previously published datasets at other developmental stages to follow transcriptional dynamics as well as the cell cycle state of developing haematopoietic lineages. Our findings corroborate several prior reports on the timing of liver colonisation by haematopoietic progenitors and the emergence of differentiated lineages and provide further molecular characterisation of each cell population. Extending these findings, we demonstrate the existence of a foetal intermediate haemoglobin profile in the mouse, similar to that previously identified in humans, and a previously unidentified population of primitive erythroid cells in the foetal liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ceccacci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Villa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via G. Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Santoro
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Saverio Minucci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Santa Sofia 9, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Christiana Ruhrberg
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Alessandro Fantin
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via G. Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Castro ANC, Illia MC, Lendez PA, Illia MPC, Zimmermann B, Torres GJM, Carril J, Burgos BM, Ghezzi MD, Diez JJB, Barbeito CG. Hepatic hematopoiesis in the alpaca (Vicugna pacos), a species with development in hypoxic environments. Tissue Cell 2023; 82:102079. [PMID: 37058813 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis occurs in different anatomical niches throughout the life of the individual. The first hematopoietic extra-embryonic stage is replaced by a intra-embryonic stage that occurs in a region that is adjacent to the dorsal aorta. Then, the prenatal hematopoietic function is continued by the liver and spleen, and later by the bone marrow. The objective of the present work was to describe the morphological characteristics of hepatic hematopoiesis in the alpaca and to analyze the proportion of the hematopoietic compartment of the organ and the cell types, at different times of ontogeny. Sixty-two alpaca samples were collected from the municipal slaughterhouse of Huancavelica, Perú. They were processed by routine histological techniques. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, special dyes, immunohistochemical techniques and supplementary analyses by lectinhistochemistry, were performed. The prenatal liver is an important structure in the expansion and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells. Their hematopoietic activity was characterized by four stages: initiation, expansion, peak, and involution. The liver started its hematopoietic function at 21 days EGA and it was maintained until shortly before birth. Differences were found in the proportion and morphology of the hematopoietic tissue in the different groups corresponding to each gestational stage.
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36
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Yerra VG, Drosatos K. Specificity Proteins (SP) and Krüppel-like Factors (KLF) in Liver Physiology and Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4682. [PMID: 36902112 PMCID: PMC10003758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver acts as a central hub that controls several essential physiological processes ranging from metabolism to detoxification of xenobiotics. At the cellular level, these pleiotropic functions are facilitated through transcriptional regulation in hepatocytes. Defects in hepatocyte function and its transcriptional regulatory mechanisms have a detrimental influence on liver function leading to the development of hepatic diseases. In recent years, increased intake of alcohol and western diet also resulted in a significantly increasing number of people predisposed to the incidence of hepatic diseases. Liver diseases constitute one of the serious contributors to global deaths, constituting the cause of approximately two million deaths worldwide. Understanding hepatocyte transcriptional mechanisms and gene regulation is essential to delineate pathophysiology during disease progression. The current review summarizes the contribution of a family of zinc finger family transcription factors, named specificity protein (SP) and Krüppel-like factors (KLF), in physiological hepatocyte functions, as well as how they are involved in the onset and development of hepatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Konstantinos Drosatos
- Metabolic Biology Laboratory, Cardiovascular Center, Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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37
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Organoids: Their Implication in COVID-19 Modeling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043459. [PMID: 36834870 PMCID: PMC9961667 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a significant global health issue. This novel virus's high morbidity and mortality rates have prompted the scientific community to quickly find the best COVID-19 model to investigate all pathological processes underlining its activity and, more importantly, search for optimal drug therapy with minimal toxicity risk. The gold standard in disease modeling involves animal and monolayer culture models; however, these models do not fully reflect the response to human tissues affected by the virus. However, more physiological 3D in vitro culture models, such as spheroids and organoids derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), could serve as promising alternatives. Different iPSC-derived organoids, such as lung, cardiac, brain, intestinal, kidney, liver, nasal, retinal, skin, and pancreatic organoids, have already shown immense potential in COVID-19 modeling. In the present comprehensive review article, we summarize the current knowledge on COVID-19 modeling and drug screening using selected iPSC-derived 3D culture models, including lung, brain, intestinal, cardiac, blood vessels, liver, kidney, and inner ear organoids. Undoubtedly, according to reviewed studies, organoids are the state-of-the-art approach to COVID-19 modeling.
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38
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Berasain C, Arechederra M, Argemí J, Fernández-Barrena MG, Avila MA. Loss of liver function in chronic liver disease: An identity crisis. J Hepatol 2023; 78:401-414. [PMID: 36115636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Adult hepatocyte identity is constructed throughout embryonic development and fine-tuned after birth. A multinodular network of transcription factors, along with pre-mRNA splicing regulators, define the transcriptome, which encodes the proteins needed to perform the complex metabolic and secretory functions of the mature liver. Transient hepatocellular dedifferentiation can occur as part of the regenerative mechanisms triggered in response to acute liver injury. However, persistent downregulation of key identity genes is now accepted as a strong determinant of organ dysfunction in chronic liver disease, a major global health burden. Therefore, the identification of core transcription factors and splicing regulators that preserve hepatocellular phenotype, and a thorough understanding of how these networks become disrupted in diseased hepatocytes, is of high clinical relevance. In this context, we review the key players in liver differentiation and discuss in detail critical factors, such as HNF4α, whose impairment mediates the breakdown of liver function. Moreover, we present compelling experimental evidence demonstrating that restoration of core transcription factor expression in a chronically injured liver can reset hepatocellular identity, improve function and ameliorate structural abnormalities. The possibility of correcting the phenotype of severely damaged and malfunctional livers may reveal new therapeutic opportunities for individuals with cirrhosis and advanced liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Berasain
- Program of Hepatology, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Maria Arechederra
- Program of Hepatology, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Josepmaria Argemí
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; Liver Unit, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maite G Fernández-Barrena
- Program of Hepatology, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Matías A Avila
- Program of Hepatology, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain.
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39
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Rigual MDM, Sánchez Sánchez P, Djouder N. Is liver regeneration key in hepatocellular carcinoma development? Trends Cancer 2023; 9:140-157. [PMID: 36347768 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The liver is the largest organ of the mammalian body and has the remarkable ability to fully regenerate in order to maintain tissue homeostasis. The adult liver consists of hexagonal lobules, each with a central vein surrounded by six portal triads localized in the lobule border containing distinct parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells. Because the liver is continuously exposed to diverse stress signals, several sophisticated regenerative processes exist to restore its functional status following impairment. However, these stress signals can affect the liver's capacity to regenerate and may lead to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most aggressive liver cancers. Here, we review the mechanisms of hepatic regeneration and their potential to influence HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Del Mar Rigual
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Growth Factors, Nutrients and Cancer Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, CNIO, Madrid, ES-28029, Spain
| | - Paula Sánchez Sánchez
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Growth Factors, Nutrients and Cancer Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, CNIO, Madrid, ES-28029, Spain
| | - Nabil Djouder
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Growth Factors, Nutrients and Cancer Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, CNIO, Madrid, ES-28029, Spain.
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40
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Li S, Yang R, Yin N, Zhao M, Zhang S, Faiola F. Developmental toxicity assessments for TBBPA and its commonly used analogs with a human embryonic stem cell liver differentiation model. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 310:136924. [PMID: 36272632 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is widely used in industrial production as a halogenated flame retardant (HFR). Its substitutes and derivatives are also commonly employed as HFRs. Consequently, they can be frequently detected in environmental and human samples. The potential developmental toxicity of TBBPA and its analogs, particularly to the human liver, is still controversial or not thoroughly assessed. Therefore, in this study, we focused on the early stages of human liver development to explore the toxic effects of those HFRs, by using a human embryonic stem cell liver differentiation model. We concluded that nanomolar treatments (1, 10, and 100 nM) of those pollutants may not exert significant interference to liver development and functions. However, at 5 μM doses, TBBPA and its analogs severely affected liver functions, such as glycogen storage, and caused lipid accumulation. Furthermore, TBBPA-bis(allyl ether) showed the most drastic effects among the six compounds tested. Taken together, our findings support the view that TBBPA can be used safely, provided its amounts are strictly controlled. Nonetheless, TBBPA alternatives or derivatives may exhibit stronger adverse effects than TBBPA itself, and may not be safer choices for manufacturing applications when utilized in a large and unrestricted way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Renjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Nuoya Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Miaomiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shuxian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Francesco Faiola
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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41
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Goulart E. A Review of Stem Cell Technology Targeting Hepatocyte Growth as an Alternative to Organ Transplantation. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2575:181-193. [PMID: 36301476 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2716-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the only feasible option for patients with progressive and/or end-stage organ degeneration is to undergo transplantation. Due to the growing unmatched demand of available organ donors and, as a consequence, the continuous growth of patients' waiting lists, the development of new tissue engineering technologies is a relevant need. In this chapter, we will focus on the liver as a model organ to discuss contemporary tissue engineering strategies. Induced pluripotent cells are an attractive alternative to serve as a cell source for tissue engineering applications due to their pluripotency, the potentiality to generate autologous transplantation, and for their high proliferation rate. Among the main liver tissue engineering technologies, 3D bioprinting, hepatic organoids, and decellularization/recellularization of biological matrixes have grown much attention as alternatives to derive functional liver grafts. Thus, this chapter will discuss how recent publications have demonstrated the use of induced pluripotent cells in the development of the aforementioned technologies. Bioprinting is an additive manufacturing biofabrication process where cells are dispersed within a matrix formulation (i.e., bioink) and extruded in a modified 3D-printer. Polymers within bioink can be cross-linked to increase stiffness. Hepatic spheroids showed greater viability and liver function, due to preserved epithelial phenotype over time. Organoid is multi-lineage tissue constructs derived from a stem cell that recapitulates the early stages of organogenesis. The influence of cellular composition of non-parenchymal cells using induced pluripotent-derived cells or primary adult cells for hepatic organoid formation was recently tested. Decellularization is a process where harvested tissues or organs are washed with a detergent-based solution, to lyse and remove all cellular components. The final product is an extracellular scaffold with preserved tissue vasculature and ultra-structure, which can be used for subsequent recellularization with recipient cells. This chapter sheds light on recent works on the use of induced pluripotent-derived cells for liver tissue engineering approaches and on how such technologies could potentially generate therapeutic alternatives for patients on waiting lists for liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Goulart
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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42
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Muntean A, Davenport M. Biliary atresia & choledochal malformation--Embryological and anatomical considerations. Semin Pediatr Surg 2022; 31:151235. [PMID: 36442454 DOI: 10.1016/j.sempedsurg.2022.151235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The two main biliary pathologies in paediatric practice, biliary atresia and choledochal malformations (CM), have their origins within prenatal life. Nevertheless, the actual mechanisms remain elusive with many unanswered questions. The extrahepatic bile duct develops as a funnel-like structure emerging from the foregut from about 3-4 weeks of gestation into the mesenchyme of the septum transversum. The cranial elements of this contain hepatoblasts - the precursors to the two key cell lines that will become hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells. The intrahepatic bile ducts develop separately and emerge from a complex process involving the ductal plate surrounding the in-growing portal venous system from about the 7-8th week of gestation. A developmental defect at some point(s) in this process may be the cause of at least some variants of BA - the Biliary Atresia Splenic Malformation syndrome particularly - though evidence in the more common isolated BA is much more circumstantial. Similarly, some types of choledochal malformation, specifically the cystic type of CM, are invariably present during prenatal life although again an actual aetiological mechanism remains elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ancuta Muntean
- Deptartment of Paediatric Surgery, Kings College Hospital, London
| | - Mark Davenport
- Deptartment of Paediatric Surgery, Kings College Hospital, London.
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43
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Lee S, Karns R, Shin S. Mechanism of paracrine communications between hepatic progenitor cells and endothelial cells. Cell Signal 2022; 100:110458. [PMID: 36055565 PMCID: PMC9971365 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) are facultative tissue-specific stem cells lining reactive ductules, which are ubiquitously observed in chronic liver diseases and cancer. Although previous research mainly focused on their contribution to liver regeneration, it turned out that in vivo differentiation of HPCs into hepatocytes only occurs after extreme injury. While recent correlative evidence implies the association of HPCs with disease progression, their exact role in pathogenesis remains largely unknown. Our previous research demonstrated that HPCs expressing angiogenic paracrine factors accumulate in the peritumoral area and are positively correlated with the extent of intratumoral cell proliferation and angiogenesis in the livers of patients with liver cancer. Given the crucial roles of angiogenesis in liver disease progression and carcinogenesis, we aimed to test the hypothesis that HPCs secrete paracrine factors to communicate with endothelial cells, to determine molecular mechanisms mediating HPCs-endothelial interactions, and to understand how the paracrine function of HPCs is regulated. HPCs promoted viability and tubulogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and upregulated genes known to be involved in angiogenesis, endothelial cell function, and disease progression in a paracrine manner. The paracrine function of HPCs as well as expression of colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) were inhibited upon differentiation of HPCs toward hepatocytes. Inhibition of CSF1 receptor partly suppressed the paracrine effects of HPCs on HUVECs. Taken together, our study indicates that inhibition of the paracrine function of HPCs through modulation of their differentiation status and inhibition of CSF1 signaling is a promising strategy for inhibition of angiogenesis during pathological progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoon Lee
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Rebekah Karns
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Soona Shin
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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44
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Torizal FG, Utami T, Lau QY, Inamura K, Nishikawa M, Sakai Y. Dialysis based-culture medium conditioning improved the generation of human induced pluripotent stem cell derived-liver organoid in a high cell density. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20774. [PMID: 36456801 PMCID: PMC9715714 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25325-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived liver organoids (HLOs) have recently become a promising alternative for liver regenerative therapy. To realize this application, a large amount of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) derived-liver cells are required for partial liver replacement during transplantation. This method requires stepwise induction using costly growth factors to direct the hiPSCs into the hepatic lineage. Therefore, we developed a simple dialysis-based medium conditioning that fully utilized growth factors accumulation to improve hepatic differentiation of hiPSCs at a high cell density. The results demonstrated that the dialysis culture system could accumulate the four essential growth factors required in each differentiation stage: activin A, bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and oncostatin M (OSM). As a result, this low lactate culture environment allowed high-density bipotential hepatic differentiation of up to 4.5 × 107 cells/mL of human liver organoids (HLOs), consisting of hiPSC derived-hepatocyte like cells (HLCs) and cholangiocyte like-cells (CLCs). The differentiated HLOs presented a better or comparable hepatic marker and hepatobiliary physiology to the one that differentiated in suspension culture with routine daily medium replacement at a lower cell density. This simple miniaturized dialysis culture system demonstrated the feasibility of cost-effective high-density hepatic differentiation with minimum growth factor usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuad Gandhi Torizal
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tia Utami
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Qiao You Lau
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kousuke Inamura
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Nishikawa
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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45
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Kowalczyk W, Romanelli L, Atkins M, Hillen H, Bravo González-Blas C, Jacobs J, Xie J, Soheily S, Verboven E, Moya IM, Verhulst S, de Waegeneer M, Sansores-Garcia L, van Huffel L, Johnson RL, van Grunsven LA, Aerts S, Halder G. Hippo signaling instructs ectopic but not normal organ growth. Science 2022; 378:eabg3679. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abg3679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway is widely considered a master regulator of organ growth because of the prominent overgrowth phenotypes caused by experimental manipulation of its activity. Contrary to this model, we show here that removing Hippo transcriptional output did not impair the ability of the mouse liver and
Drosophila
eyes to grow to their normal size. Moreover, the transcriptional activity of the Hippo pathway effectors Yap/Taz/Yki did not correlate with cell proliferation, and hyperactivation of these effectors induced gene expression programs that did not recapitulate normal development. Concordantly, a functional screen in
Drosophila
identified several Hippo pathway target genes that were required for ectopic overgrowth but not normal growth. Thus, Hippo signaling does not instruct normal growth, and the Hippo-induced overgrowth phenotypes are caused by the activation of abnormal genetic programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Kowalczyk
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology and KU Leuven Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - L. Romanelli
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology and KU Leuven Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M. Atkins
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology and KU Leuven Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
| | - H. Hillen
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology and KU Leuven Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - C. Bravo González-Blas
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research and KU Leuven Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J. Jacobs
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research and KU Leuven Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J. Xie
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology and KU Leuven Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S. Soheily
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology and KU Leuven Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - E. Verboven
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology and KU Leuven Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - I. M. Moya
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology and KU Leuven Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - S. Verhulst
- Department for Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel-Jette, Belgium
| | - M. de Waegeneer
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research and KU Leuven Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - L. Sansores-Garcia
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology and KU Leuven Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - L. van Huffel
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology and KU Leuven Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - R. L. Johnson
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L. A. van Grunsven
- Department for Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel-Jette, Belgium
| | - S. Aerts
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research and KU Leuven Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - G. Halder
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology and KU Leuven Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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46
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Jeon EY, Sorrells L, Abaci HE. Biomaterials and bioengineering to guide tissue morphogenesis in epithelial organoids. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1038277. [DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1038277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Organoids are self-organized and miniatured in vitro models of organs and recapitulate key aspects of organ architecture and function, leading to rapid progress in understanding tissue development and disease. However, current organoid culture systems lack accurate spatiotemporal control over biochemical and physical cues that occur during in vivo organogenesis and fail to recapitulate the complexity of organ development, causing the generation of immature organoids partially resembling tissues in vivo. Recent advances in biomaterials and microengineering technologies paved the way for better recapitulation of organ morphogenesis and the generation of anatomically-relevant organoids. For this, understanding the native ECM components and organization of a target organ is essential in providing rational design of extracellular scaffolds that support organoid growth and maturation similarly to the in vivo microenvironment. In this review, we focus on epithelial organoids that resemble the spatial distinct structure and function of organs lined with epithelial cells including intestine, skin, lung, liver, and kidney. We first discuss the ECM diversity and organization found in epithelial organs and provide an overview of developing hydrogel systems for epithelial organoid culture emphasizing their key parameters to determine cell fates. Finally, we review the recent advances in tissue engineering and microfabrication technologies including bioprinting and microfluidics to overcome the limitations of traditional organoid cultures. The integration of engineering methodologies with the organoid systems provides a novel approach for instructing organoid morphogenesis via precise spatiotemporal modulation of bioactive cues and the establishment of high-throughput screening platforms.
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47
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Hassan HM, Li J. Prospect of Animal Models for Acute-on-chronic Liver Failure: A Mini-review. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2022; 10:995-1003. [PMID: 36304511 PMCID: PMC9547251 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2022.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a clinical syndrome that develops in patients with chronic liver diseases following a precipitating event and associated with a high mortality rate due to systemic multiorgan failure. Establishing a suitable and stable animal model to precisely elucidate the molecular basis of ACLF pathogenesis is essential for the development of effective early diagnostic and treatment strategies. In this context, this article provides a concise and inclusive review of breakthroughs in ACLF animal model development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hozeifa Mohamed Hassan
- Precision Medicine Center, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Li
- Precision Medicine Center, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Correspondence to: Jun Li, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003. China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7236-8088. Tel/Fax: +86-571-87236425, E-mail:
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48
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Facile suspension culture protocol of the liver biliary organoids. Biodes Manuf 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42242-022-00213-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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49
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Jain I, Berg IC, Acharya A, Blaauw M, Gosstola N, Perez-Pinera P, Underhill GH. Delineating cooperative effects of Notch and biomechanical signals on patterned liver differentiation. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1073. [PMID: 36207581 PMCID: PMC9546876 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03840-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlled in vitro multicellular culture systems with defined biophysical microenvironment have been used to elucidate the role of Notch signaling in the spatiotemporal regulation of stem and progenitor cell differentiation. In addition, computational models incorporating features of Notch ligand-receptor interactions have provided important insights into Notch pathway signaling dynamics. However, the mechanistic relationship between Notch-mediated intercellular signaling and cooperative microenvironmental cues is less clear. Here, liver progenitor cell differentiation patterning was used as a model to systematically evaluate the complex interplay of cellular mechanics and Notch signaling along with identifying combinatorial mechanisms guiding progenitor fate. We present an integrated approach that pairs a computational intercellular signaling model with defined microscale culture configurations provided within a cell microarray platform. Specifically, the cell microarray-based experiments were used to validate and optimize parameters of the intercellular Notch signaling model. This model incorporated the experimentally established multicellular dimensions of the cellular microarray domains, mechanical stress-related activation parameters, and distinct Notch receptor-ligand interactions based on the roles of the Notch ligands Jagged-1 and Delta-like-1. Overall, these studies demonstrate the spatial control of mechanotransduction-associated components, key growth factor and Notch signaling interactions, and point towards a possible role of E-Cadherin in translating intercellular mechanical gradients to downstream Notch signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Jain
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, USA
| | - Ian C Berg
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, USA
| | - Ayusha Acharya
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, USA
| | - Maddie Blaauw
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, USA
| | - Nicholas Gosstola
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, USA
| | - Pablo Perez-Pinera
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, USA
| | - Gregory H Underhill
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, USA.
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50
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Fang J, Wu Y, Gan C, Ruan S, He X, Wang B, Wang Y, Yu J, Sang C, Zeren D, Xiong T. Jia-ga-song-tang protection against alcoholic liver and intestinal damage. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:981706. [PMID: 36225559 PMCID: PMC9549243 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.981706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut-liver axis and cellular homeostasis play key roles in alcohol liver disease (ALD). Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is a stress-sensitive guarantor of cellular homeostasis. We investigated whether the beneficial effects and underlying mechanisms of Jia-ga-song Tang (JGST) against ALD were associated with gut-liver axis and cellular homeostasis. A predictive network depicting the relationship between Jia-Ga-Song-Tang (JGST) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) was designed by Network pharmacology. Next, 5% v/v Lieber-DeCarli alcohol liquid diet was used to establish the ALD. JGST protected the liver damage, repaired the intestines to alleviate the Two-hit on the liver, and balanced the cellular homeostasis. It was manifested in repairing the liver and intestinal pathological structure, reducing serum ALT, AST, and liver TG, TC, MDA, CAT, and increasing liver GSH, and intestine GSH-Px. JGST mainly inhibited the liver mRNA levels of HO-1, NQO1, GCLC, FASN, and PPARα and activated the intestinal mRNA levels of HO-1 and NQO1, while inhibiting the liver protein levels of HO-1, NQO1. Furthermore, LPS and LBP in the plasma and the expression of inflammatory factors such as IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, TGFβ1, CD14, and Myd88 were reduced after treatment to prove that JGST protects the liver from Two-hit. Ethanol was used to intervene in HepG2 and IEC-6 to establish an ALD cell model and treated by Germacrone, ML385, and TBHQ. repaired the intestinal barrier, and inhibited Nrf2 in IEC-6, but protect the HepG2 by activating Nrf2 to balance cellular homeostasis. Our results reinforce that JGST provides an effective protective method for alcoholic liver disease (ALD) by regulating Gut-liver axis and cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Fang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhuan Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changlian Gan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shufang Ruan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoliang He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bixia Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingtao Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanlan Sang
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tianqin Xiong, ; Chuanlan Sang, ; Dawa Zeren,
| | - Dawa Zeren
- Research Department, University of Tibetan Medicine, Lhasa, China
- *Correspondence: Tianqin Xiong, ; Chuanlan Sang, ; Dawa Zeren,
| | - Tianqin Xiong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tianqin Xiong, ; Chuanlan Sang, ; Dawa Zeren,
| |
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