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Colborne S, Peiman KS, Birnie-Gauvin K, Larsen MH, Aarestrup K, Cooke SJ. Effects of pre-winter cortisol exposure on condition, diet, and morphology of wild juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 341:282-292. [PMID: 38238913 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Winter is an energetically challenging period for many animals in temperate regions because of the relatively harsh environmental conditions and reduction in food availability during this season. Moreover, stressors experienced by individuals in the fall can affect their subsequent foraging strategy and energy stores after exposure has ended, referred to as carryover effects. We used exogenous cortisol manipulation of wild juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta) in the fall to simulate a physiological stress response and then investigated short-term (2 weeks) and long-term (4 months) effects on condition metrics (hepatosomatic index and water muscle content), diet (stomach contents and stable isotopes), and morphology during growth in freshwater. We revealed some short-term impacts, likely due to handling stress, and long-term (seasonal) changes in diet, likely reflecting prey availability. Unfortunately, we had very few recaptures of cortisol-treated fish at long-term sampling, limiting detailed analysis about cortisol effects at that time point. Nonetheless, the fish that were sampled showed elevated stable isotopes, suggestive of a cortisol effect long after exposure. This is one of few studies to investigate whether cortisol influences foraging and morphology during juvenile growth, thus extending the knowledge of proximate mechanisms influencing ecologically-relevant phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Colborne
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Quantitative Fisheries Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathryn S Peiman
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kim Birnie-Gauvin
- Section for Freshwater Fisheries and Ecology, National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Martin H Larsen
- Section for Freshwater Fisheries and Ecology, National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Kim Aarestrup
- Section for Freshwater Fisheries and Ecology, National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Patani A, Balram D, Yadav VK, Lian KY, Patel A, Sahoo DK. Harnessing the power of nutritional antioxidants against adrenal hormone imbalance-associated oxidative stress. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1271521. [PMID: 38098868 PMCID: PMC10720671 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1271521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, resulting from dysregulation in the secretion of adrenal hormones, represents a major concern in human health. The present review comprehensively examines various categories of endocrine dysregulation within the adrenal glands, encompassing glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens. Additionally, a comprehensive account of adrenal hormone disorders, including adrenal insufficiency, Cushing's syndrome, and adrenal tumors, is presented, with particular emphasis on their intricate association with oxidative stress. The review also delves into an examination of various nutritional antioxidants, namely vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids, selenium, zinc, polyphenols, coenzyme Q10, and probiotics, and elucidates their role in mitigating the adverse effects of oxidative stress arising from imbalances in adrenal hormone levels. In conclusion, harnessing the power of nutritional antioxidants has the potential to help with oxidative stress caused by an imbalance in adrenal hormones. This could lead to new research and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Patani
- Department of Biotechnology, Smt. S.S. Patel Nootan Science and Commerce College, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Deepak Balram
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Virendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Gujarat, India
| | - Kuang-Yow Lian
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ashish Patel
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Gujarat, India
| | - Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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Batóg G, Dołoto A, Bąk E, Piątkowska-Chmiel I, Krawiec P, Pac-Kożuchowska E, Herbet M. The interplay of oxidative stress and immune dysfunction in Hashimoto's thyroiditis and polycystic ovary syndrome: a comprehensive review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1211231. [PMID: 37588599 PMCID: PMC10426741 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1211231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the concomitant incidence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), both in terms of incidence, etiology, and clinical consequences. PCOS patients suffering from autoimmune thyroid diseases show insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, weight gain, and metabolic and reproductive complications. Studies have shown that chronic stress and its consequence, i.e. oxidative stress, play an important role in the pathomechanism of both disorders. It has also been shown that long-term exposure to stress triggers biological mechanisms, in particular related to the regulation of the inflammatory cascade, which plays a key role in autoimmune diseases. The paper is a review of the literature on the role of chronic stress, oxidative stress, and immune processes in the pathogenesis of HT and PCOS. In addition, the review is a source of knowledge about the treatment of these diseases, and in particular the use of antioxidants in therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Batóg
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Dołoto
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewelina Bąk
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Iwona Piątkowska-Chmiel
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Paulina Krawiec
- Department of Paediatrics and Gastroenterology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Mariola Herbet
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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4
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Jiang H, Sun M, Zhao Y, Liu G, Zhong L, Xue H, Chen X, Zheng Y, Wang M. The early function of cortisol in liver during Aeromonas hydrophila infection: Dynamics of the transcriptome and accessible chromatin landscapes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:989075. [PMID: 36532002 PMCID: PMC9751032 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.989075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In China, channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) is an important aquaculture species; however, haemorrhagic disease (Aeromonas hydrophila induced disease) in these fish has caused tremendous economic loss due to high morbidity and mass mortality in the breeding industry. The role of cortisol in bacterial diseases, particularly in the acute phase, remains unclear. In this study, liver transcriptome (RNA-seq) and chromatin accessibility (ATAC-seq) analyses were employed to investigate the early functional role of cortisol in Aeromonas hydrophila-stimulated responses. Our experiments confirmed that A. hydrophila infection can initially significantly increase serum cortisol levels at 1 h after infection. At this time point, the increased serum cortisol levels can significantly regulate A. hydrophila-regulated genes by affecting both transcriptome and chromatin accessibility. Cross-analysis of RNA-seq and ATAC-seq revealed that a certain gene group (92 target_DEGs) was regulated at an early time point by cortisol. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the top three pathways according to target_DEGs were cancer, glutathione metabolism, and the Notch signalling pathway. The protein-protein interaction analysis of target_DEGs revealed that they may be primarily involved in cell proliferation, CD8+ T cell function, glutathione synthesis, and activation of the NF-κB signalling pathway. This suggests that after the emergence of immune stress, the early regulation of cortisol is positive against the immune response. It is possible that in this situation, the animal is attempting to avoid dangerous situations and risks and then cope with the imbalance produced by the stressor to ultimately restore homeostasis. Our results will contribute to future research on fish and provide valuable insight regarding the mechanism of immune regulation by cortisol and the study of bacterial haemorrhagic disease in channel catfish.
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A Rapid Tricolour Immunochromatographic Assay for Simultaneous Detection of Tricaine and Malachite Green. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12070456. [PMID: 35884259 PMCID: PMC9312490 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In this research, we designed a rapid tricolour immunochromatographic test strip with double test lines (TS-DTL) and two-colour AuNP probes, which realised the simultaneous detection of tricaine mesylate (TMS) and malachite green (MG). Through a distinct tricolour system (red T1 line, blue T2 line and purple C line), a visual identification of TMS (0.2 μg/mL) and MG (0.5 μg/mL) was quickly achieved on site, which improved the accuracy of naked eye observations. The LODs of TMS in aquaculture water, fish and shrimp were 11.0, 29.6 and 61.4 ng/mL, respectively. MG LODs were 47.0 ng/mL (aquaculture water), 82.8 ng/mL (fish) and 152.4 ng/mL (shrimp). The LOD of MG was close to the similar TS methods. However, visual detection of TMS could meet the requirements of the residue limit (1 μg/mL) of TMS in the USA, and the quantitative detection of TMS was over 16 times lower than the USA standard. The developed platform was rapid (~20 min, HPLC~3 h) and accurate, which was verified using a traditional HPLC method. The recovery rates ranged from 82.2% to 108.6% in three types of real samples, indicating a potential application in on-site fast screening or multiple detection for TMS and MG residues in aquatic products.
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Vargas-Chacoff L, Regish AM, Weinstock A, Björnsson BT, McCormick SD. Effects of long-term cortisol treatment on growth and osmoregulation of Atlantic salmon and brook trout. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 308:113769. [PMID: 33794274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cortisol is the final product of the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis and acts as a gluco- and mineralo-corticoid in fish. Long-term elevations of cortisol have been linked to reduced growth in fishes, but the mechanism(s) and relative sensitivities of species are still unclear. We carried out experiments to examine the relative effects of cortisol on growth and gill NKA activity in two salmonids: Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Treatment with intraperitoneal cortisol implants for 30 days resulted in reduced growth in both species, but with greater sensitivity to cortisol in brook trout. Gill NKA activity was strongly upregulated by cortisol in Atlantic salmon, and weakly upregulated in brook trout but with no statistically significant effect. Cortisol treatment resulted in reduced plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor I and increased plasma growth hormone levels in Atlantic salmon. Our results demonstrate that there are species differences in the sensitivity of growth and osmoregulation to cortisol, even among species in the same family (Salmonidae).
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Affiliation(s)
- L Vargas-Chacoff
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Laboratorio de Fisiología de Peces, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Conte Research Laboratory, Turners Falls, MA, USA; Fondap-IDEAL, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - A M Regish
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Conte Research Laboratory, Turners Falls, MA, USA
| | - A Weinstock
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Conte Research Laboratory, Turners Falls, MA, USA
| | - B Th Björnsson
- Fish Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S D McCormick
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Conte Research Laboratory, Turners Falls, MA, USA; Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Erfani M, Eila N, Zarei A, Noshary A. The effects of vitamin C and methionine hydroxy analog supplementation on performance, blood parameters, liver enzymes, thyroid hormones, antioxidant activity of blood plasma, intestine morphology, and HSP70 gene expression of broilers under heat stress. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:296. [PMID: 33914174 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02738-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of vitamin C and methionine hydroxy analog (MHA) on performance, blood parameters, liver enzymes, activity of selected hormones, antioxidant activity of blood plasma, intestine morphology, and HSP70 gene expression in broilers under heat stress. Four hundred 1-day-old male chickens of commercial Ross 308 strain were used in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 5 replicates of 20 chickens each. The experimental treatments were as follows: (1) base diet based on maize soybean (the control), (2) base diet with 0.2% vitamin C, (3) base diet with 0.46, 0.36, and, 0.32% methionine hydroxy analog, in the starter, grower, and finisher periods, respectively, and (4) base diet with a mixture of 0.2% vitamin C and 0.46, 0.36, and 0.32% of methionine hydroxy analog in the starter, grower, and finisher periods respectively. Although numerically higher than control, the effect of the experimental diets on performance was not significant across the experimental period (P>0.05). Glucose and LDL concentrations under all experimental treatments were significantly reduced compared to the control (P<0.05). The concentrations of liver enzymes (AST and ALT) and antioxidant activity (SOD, GPx, and MDA) of broilers were significantly different from the control under combined MHA and vitamin C supplementation (P<0.05). All experimental diets led to significantly increased T4 concentrations, compared to control (P<0.05). The length and width of intestinal villi of broilers were significantly increased in all of the experimental treatments compared to the control (P<0.05). The difference in HSP70 gene expression was significantly reduced in all of the treatments compared to the control (P<0.05). The results of this experiment showed that the use of vitamin C and methionine hydroxy analog (MHA) can be effective in reducing the negative effects of heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Erfani
- Department of Animal Science, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Nima Eila
- Department of Animal Science, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Abolfazl Zarei
- Department of Animal Science, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Alireza Noshary
- Department of Animal Science, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
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Zheng T, Jia R, Cao L, Du J, Gu Z, He Q, Xu P, Yin G. Effects of chronic glyphosate exposure on antioxdative status, metabolism and immune response in tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 239:108878. [PMID: 32861895 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glyphosate (Gly) is an active ingredient of herbicide, its underlying toxicity on fish is still unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate chronic toxicity of Gly on tilapia via determining antioxidative status, metabolism, inflammation and immune response. The fish were exposed to different concentrations of Gly (0, 0.2, 0.8, 4 and 16 mg/L) for 80 days. The blood, liver, gills and spleen were collected to assay biochemical parameters and genes expression after 80 days of exposure. The results showed that treatments with higher Gly (4 and/16 mg/L) significantly increased the levels of TC, TG, AST, ALT, LDL-C and MDA, and apparently decreased the levels of SOD, GSH, CAT, HDL-C, HK, G3PDH, FBPase and G6PD in serum, liver and/or gills. The gene expression data showed that the treatments with Gly adversely affected Nrf2 pathway in liver, gills and spleen, as shown by significant changes of nrf2, keap1, ho-1, nqo1 and gsta mRNA levels. Meanwhile, inflammatory response was activated via enhancing the mRNA levels of nf-κb2, rel, rela tnf-α, and il-1β, and immunotoxicity was caused through downregulating the genes expression of c-lzm, hep, igm, hsp70 and c3 in liver, gills and/or spleen of tilapia after Gly exposure. Moreover, the mRNA levels of cyp1a and cyp3a were upregulated in 16 or 0.2 mg/kg Gly group in liver. Overall results suggested chronic Gly exposure reduced antioxidative ability, disturbed liver metabolism, promoted inflammation and suppressed immunity. Interestingly, the Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathways played key roles in Gly chronic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zheng
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Rui Jia
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Liping Cao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jinliang Du
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Zhengyan Gu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Qin He
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Pao Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Guojun Yin
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
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Biller JD, Takahashi LS, Urbinati EC. Under stress conditions, pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus modulates the metabolic allostatic load even after Dolops carvalhoi challenge to maintain self-protection mechanisms. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:1309-1321. [PMID: 32236770 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00789-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fish metabolic allostatic dynamics, when animal present physiological modifications that can be strategies to survive, are important for promoting changes to ensure whole body self-protection and survival in chronic states of stress. To determine the impact of sequential stressors on pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus), fish were subjected to two trials of stressful treatments, administration of exogenous dietary cortisol, and parasite challenge. The first experiment consisted of a two-day acute stress trial and the second, an eight-day chronic stress trial, and after both experiments, fish parasite susceptibility was assessed with the ectoparasite Dolops carvalhoi challenge. Physiological changes in response to acute trial were observed in glycogen, cortisol, glucose, osmolarity, sodium, calcium, chloride, potassium, hematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood cells and mean corpuscular volume, and white blood cell (P < 0.05), whereas response to chronic trial were observed in glycogen, osmolarity, potassium, calcium, chloride, mean corpuscular volume, white blood cell, neutrophil, and lymphocyte (P < 0.05). Acute trials caused physiological changes, however those changes did not induce the consumption of hepatic glycogen. Chronic stress caused physiological changes that induced hepatic glycogen consumption. Under acute trial, stress experience was important to fish to achieve homeostasis after chronic stress. Changes were important to modulate the response to stressor, improve body health status, and overcome the extra stressor with D. carvalhoi challenge. The experiments demonstrate that pacu initiate strategic self-protective metabolic dynamics in acute states of stress that ensure the maintenance of important life processes in front of sequential stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Dalbello Biller
- College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rod. Cmte João Ribeiro de Barros, Km 651, Dracena, SP, CEP 17900-000, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo Susumu Takahashi
- College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rod. Cmte João Ribeiro de Barros, Km 651, Dracena, SP, CEP 17900-000, Brazil
| | - Elisabeth Criscuolo Urbinati
- Aquaculture Center of UNESP, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, CEP 14884-900, Brazil
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10
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Abstract
In aerobes, oxygen is essential for maintenance of life. However, incomplete reduction of oxygen leads to generation of reactive oxygen species. These oxidants oxidise biological macromolecules present in their vicinity and thereby impair cellular functions causing oxidative stress (OS). Aerobes have evolved both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defences to protect themselves from OS. Although hormones as means of biological coordination involve in regulation of physiological activities of tissues by regulating metabolism, any change in their normal titre leads to pathophysiological states. While, hormones such as melatonin, insulin, oestrogen, progesterone display antioxidant features, thyroid hormone, corticosteroids and catecholamines elicit free radical generation and OS, and the role of testosterone in inducing OS is debateable. This review is an attempt to understand the impact of free radical generation and cross talk between the hormones modulating antioxidant defence system under various pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagan B N Chainy
- Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India
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11
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Burraco P, Valdés AE, Orizaola G. Metabolic costs of altered growth trajectories across life transitions in amphibians. J Anim Ecol 2019; 89:855-866. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Burraco
- Animal Ecology Department of Ecology and Genetics Evolutionary Biology Centre Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
- Ecology, Evolution, and Development Group Doñana Biological Station (EBD‐CSIC) Sevilla Spain
| | - Ana Elisa Valdés
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Germán Orizaola
- Animal Ecology Department of Ecology and Genetics Evolutionary Biology Centre Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
- UMIB‐Research Unit of Biodiversity (Univ. Oviedo‐CSIC‐Princip. Asturias) Mieres Spain
- Zoology Unit Department Biology Organisms and Systems University of Oviedo Oviedo Spain
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12
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Design of a multi-parametric profile for assessing the acclimation period of juvenile brown trout after an acute transport to new housing environment. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2019.104835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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13
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Yang CH, Xu JH, Ren QC, Duan T, Mo F, Zhang W. Melatonin promotes secondary hair follicle development of early postnatal cashmere goat and improves cashmere quantity and quality by enhancing antioxidant capacity and suppressing apoptosis. J Pineal Res 2019; 67:e12569. [PMID: 30861591 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Development of secondary hair follicles in early postnatal cashmere goats may be adversely affected by reactive oxygen species which cause oxidative stress. Because melatonin is a potent antioxidant and scavenger of free radicals, this study explored the effects of melatonin on secondary hair follicle development and subsequent cashmere production. It was found that the initiation of new secondary follicles in early postnatal Inner Mongolian cashmere goats of both melatonin-treated and control goats occurred in the first 10 weeks of age. Melatonin promoted the initiation and maturation of secondary follicles and increased their population. Importantly, the beneficial effect of melatonin on secondary follicle population remained throughout life. As a result, melatonin increased cashmere production and improved its quality in terms of reduced fiber diameter. The mechanisms underlying the role of melatonin on secondary follicle development included the enhancement of activities of antioxidant enzymes, for example, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), elevated total antioxidant capacity, and upregulated anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression and downregulated expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins, Bax and caspase-3. These results reveal that melatonin serves to promote secondary hair follicle development in early postnatal cashmere goats and expands our understanding of melatonin application in cashmere production. Melatonin treatment led to an increase in both the quantity and quality of cashmere fiber. This increased the textile value of the fibers and provided economic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-He Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Hai Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Chang Ren
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Tao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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14
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Kurhaluk N. Formation of an antioxidant profile in the sea trout (Salmo trutta m. trutta L.) from the Slupia River. ZOOLOGY 2019; 133:54-65. [PMID: 30979390 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Using a stage- and sex-based multivariate significance tests on the sea trout Salmo trutta m. trutta L. model, we show dependencies in the balance between lipid peroxidation processes, levels of carbonyl derivatives, and activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase SOD, catalase CAT, glutathione reductase GR, and peroxidase GPx) in the processes of antioxidant profile formation during the fish growing process. The study was aimed at examination of the relationships between the biomarkers of oxidative stress estimated by the total antioxidant status as well as the dependencies between the sex (male, female) and developmental stage of the wild sea trout from the Slupia River and its catchment area rivers. Functioning of the pro/antioxidant balance of the liver tissue reflected the course of the individual developmental stages of the trout and was associated with significant intensification of lipoperoxidation, oxidative modification of proteins, and reduction of the total antioxidant capacity of fish along with age. Formation of a holistic model for the analysis of the involvement of all parameters of antioxidant protection in all stages of development and sex allowed us to obtain the following rank order for the level of lipoperoxidation processes, modified proteins, and antioxidant enzyme complex: CAT > SOD > GPx > GR and TBARS > OMP KD > TAC > OMP AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kurhaluk
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biology and Environmental Protection, Pomeranian University of Slupsk, Arciszewskiego 22b Str., 76-200, Slupsk, Poland.
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15
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Rubio CP, Contreras-Aguilar MD, Quiles A, López-Arjona M, Cerón JJ, Martínez-Subiela S, Hevia ML, Escribano D, Tecles F. Biomarkers of oxidative stress in saliva of sheep: Analytical performance and changes after an experimentally induced stress. Res Vet Sci 2018; 123:71-76. [PMID: 30592995 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress can affect animal's health and the quality of its final products. The oxidative status can be evaluated by the measurement of both oxidant and antioxidant biomarkers. The use of saliva as a sample is preferable to blood, as individuals with limited training can collect it easily and non-invasively with minimal stress to the animal. The aim of this study was to perform an analytical validation of automated assays of the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), the cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and uric acid as antioxidant biomarkers and of the advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as oxidant biomarkers in saliva samples of sheep, and to evaluate their possible changes after stress induced by shearing. All assays produced acceptable results in the analytical validation, from which it can be concluded that oxidative stress biomarkers such as FRAP, CUPRAC, TEAC, uric acid and AOPP and H2O2 can be measured in sheep saliva. In addition, acute stress due to shearing could produce an oxidative stress response in sheep and subsequently increase antioxidants in order to protect cells from damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Peres Rubio
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria Dolores Contreras-Aguilar
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Quiles
- Department of Animal Production, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marina López-Arjona
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Joaquin Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Silvia Martínez-Subiela
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria Luisa Hevia
- Department of Animal Production, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Damián Escribano
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain; Department of Animal and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Fernando Tecles
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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Chang HY, Lin TH, Anraku K, Shao YT. The Effects of Continuous Acoustic Stress on ROS Levels and Antioxidant-related Gene Expression in the Black Porgy ( Acanthopagrus schlegelii). Zool Stud 2018; 57:e59. [PMID: 31966299 PMCID: PMC6409914 DOI: 10.6620/zs.2018.57-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hao-Yi Chang, Tzu-Hao Lin, Kazuhiko Anraku, and Yi Ta Shao (2018) Short-term exposure to strong underwater noise is known to seriously impact fish. However, the chronic physiological effects of continuous exposure to weak noise, i.e. the operation noise from offshore wind farms (OWF), remain unclear. Since more and more OWF will be built in the near future, their operation noise is an emerging ecological issue. To investigate the long-term physiological effects of such underwater noise on fish, black porgies (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) were exposed to two types of simulated wind farm noise-quiet (QC: 109 dB re 1 μPa / 125.4 Hz; approx. 100 m away from the wind turbine) and noisy (NC: 138 dB re 1 μPa / 125.4 Hz; near the turbine)-for up to 2 weeks. Measurement of auditory-evoked potentials showed that black porgies can hear sound stimuli under both NC and QC scenarios. Although no significant difference was found in plasma cortisol levels, the fish under NC conditions exhibited higher plasma reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels than the control group at week 2. Moreover, alterations were found in mRNA levels of hepatic antioxidant-related genes (sod1, cat and gpx), with cat downregulated and gpx upregulated after one week of QC exposure. Our results suggest that the black porgy may adapt to QC levels of noise by modulating the antioxidant system to keep ROS levels low. However, such antioxidant response was not observed under NC conditions; instead, ROS accumulated to measurably higher levels. This study suggests that continuous OWF operation noise represents a potential stressor to fish. Furthermore, this is the first study to demonstrate that chronic exposure to noise could induce ROS accumulation in fish plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yi Chang
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan. E-mail:
| | - Tzu-Hao Lin
- Department of Marine Biodiversity Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan. E-mail:
| | - Kazuhiko Anraku
- Fisheries Department, Kagoshima University, Kaogoshima 890-0056, Japan. E-mail:
| | - Yi Ta Shao
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan. E-mail:
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan
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Vágási CI, Pătraș L, Pap PL, Vincze O, Mureșan C, Németh J, Lendvai ÁZ. Experimental increase in baseline corticosterone level reduces oxidative damage and enhances innate immune response. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192701. [PMID: 29432437 PMCID: PMC5809056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC) hormones are significant regulators of homeostasis. The physiological effects of GCs critically depend on the time of exposure (short vs. long) as well as on their circulating levels (baseline vs. stress-induced). Previous experiments, in which chronic and high elevation of GC levels was induced, indicate that GCs impair both the activity of the immune system and the oxidative balance. Nonetheless, our knowledge on how mildly elevated GC levels, a situation much more common in nature, might influence homeostasis is limited. Therefore, we studied whether an increase in GC level within the baseline range suppresses or enhances condition (body mass, hematocrit and coccidian infestation) and physiological state (humoral innate immune system activity and oxidative balance). We implanted captive house sparrows Passer domesticus with either 60 days release corticosterone (CORT) or control pellets. CORT-treated birds had elevated baseline CORT levels one week after the implantation, but following this CORT returned to its pre-treatment level and the experimental groups had similar CORT levels one and two months following the implantation. The mass of tail feathers grown during the initial phase of treatment was smaller in treated than in control birds. CORT implantation had a transient negative effect on body mass and hematocrit, but both of these traits resumed the pre-treatment values by one month post-treatment. CORT treatment lowered oxidative damage to lipids (malondialdehyde) and enhanced constitutive innate immunity at one week and one month post-implantation. Our findings suggest that a relatively short-term (i.e. few days) elevation of baseline CORT might have a positive and stimulatory effect on animal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csongor I. Vágási
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj Napoca, Romania
- Behavioural Ecology Research Group, Department of Evolutionary Zoology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- * E-mail: (CIV); (ÁZL)
| | - Laura Pătraș
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Péter L. Pap
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj Napoca, Romania
- Behavioural Ecology Research Group, Department of Evolutionary Zoology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Vincze
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj Napoca, Romania
- Behavioural Ecology Research Group, Department of Evolutionary Zoology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Cosmin Mureșan
- Emergency Hospital, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - József Németh
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ádám Z. Lendvai
- Behavioural Ecology Research Group, Department of Evolutionary Zoology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- * E-mail: (CIV); (ÁZL)
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18
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Birnie-Gauvin K, Larsen MH, Aarestrup K, Willmore WG, Cooke SJ. N-acetylcysteine manipulation fails to elicit an increase in glutathione in a teleost model. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:137-142. [PMID: 28861643 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-017-0419-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Levels of oxidative stress can be affected by a range of compounds including toxins and pharmaceuticals. Antioxidants are important protective compounds which counteract the damaging effects of oxidative stress. Glutathione (GSH) is one of the main antioxidants for many organisms and can be synthesized from administered N-acetylcysteine (NAC). NAC has therefore often been used in a wide range of taxa to manipulate levels of GSH. Our objective was to validate this approach in a wild temperate teleost fish model, the brown trout (Salmo trutta). We used intracoelomic injections of NAC in saline and vegetable shortening, at two different concentrations (100 and 400 mg/kg), with the appropriate controls and shams, under controlled laboratory settings. We found that NAC failed to elicit an increase in GSH over three time periods and concluded that NAC is not an effective method to enhance GSH levels in teleost fish using the concentrations and vehicles tested here. We emphasize the importance of validation studies across all new species/taxa when possible and suggest that more investigation is required with regard to NAC manipulation in fish if this approach is to be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Birnie-Gauvin
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.
- DTU AQUA, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Section for Freshwater Fisheries Ecology, Technical University of Denmark, Vejlsøvej 39, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark.
| | - Martin H Larsen
- DTU AQUA, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Section for Freshwater Fisheries Ecology, Technical University of Denmark, Vejlsøvej 39, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark
- Danish Centre for Wild Salmon, Brusgårdsvej 15, 8960, Randers, Denmark
| | - Kim Aarestrup
- DTU AQUA, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Section for Freshwater Fisheries Ecology, Technical University of Denmark, Vejlsøvej 39, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - William G Willmore
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
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19
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Angelier F, Costantini D, Blévin P, Chastel O. Do glucocorticoids mediate the link between environmental conditions and telomere dynamics in wild vertebrates? A review. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 256:99-111. [PMID: 28705731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Following the discoveries of telomeres and of their implications in terms of health and ageing, there has been a growing interest into the study of telomere dynamics in wild vertebrates. Telomeres are repeated sequences of non-coding DNA located at the terminal ends of chromosomes and they play a major role in maintaining chromosome stability. Importantly, telomeres shorten over time and shorter telomeres seem to be related with lower survival in vertebrates. Because of this potential link with longevity, it is crucial to understand not only the ecological determinants of telomere dynamics but also the regulatory endocrine mechanisms that may mediate the effect of the environment on telomeres. In this paper, we review the relationships that link environmental conditions, glucocorticoids (GC, the main hormonal mediator of allostasis) and telomere length in vertebrates. First, we review current knowledge about the determinants of inter-individual variations in telomere length. We emphasize the potential strong impact of environmental stressors and predictable life-history events on telomere dynamics. Despite recent progress, we still lack crucial basic data to fully understand the costs of several life-history stages and biotic and abiotic factors on telomere length. Second, we review the link that exists between GCs, oxidative stress and telomere dynamics in vertebrates. Although circulating GC levels may be closely and functionally linked with telomere dynamics, data are still scarce and somewhat contradictory. Further laboratory and field studies are therefore needed not only to better assess the proximate link between GC levels and telomere dynamics, but also to ultimately understand to what extent GCs and telomere length could be informative to measure the fitness costs of specific life-history stages and environmental conditions. Finally, we highlight the importance of exploring the functional links that may exist between coping styles, the GC stress response, and telomere dynamics in a life-history framework. To conclude, we raise new hypotheses regarding the potential of the GC stress response to drive the trade-off between immediate survival and telomere protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Angelier
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS-ULR, UMR 7372, Villiers en Bois, France.
| | - David Costantini
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR 7221, Paris, France; Behavioural Ecology & Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Pierre Blévin
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS-ULR, UMR 7372, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Olivier Chastel
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS-ULR, UMR 7372, Villiers en Bois, France
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20
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Birnie-Gauvin K, Peiman KS, Larsen MH, Aarestrup K, Gilmour KM, Cooke SJ. Comparison of vegetable shortening and cocoa butter as vehicles for cortisol manipulation in Salmo trutta. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2018; 92:229-236. [PMID: 29194613 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates that vegetable shortening and cocoa butter are two effective vehicles for intraperitoneal cortisol implants in juvenile teleosts, specifically brown trout Salmo trutta, residing in north temperate freshwater environments. Each vehicle showed a different pattern of cortisol elevation. Vegetable shortening was found to be a more suitable vehicle for long-term cortisol elevation [elevated at 3, 6 and 9 days post treatment (dpt)], while cocoa butter may be better suited for short-term cortisol elevation (only elevated at 3 dpt). Additionally, plasma cortisol levels were higher with cortisol-vegetable shortening than with cortisol-cocoa butter implants. Plasma glucose levels were elevated 6 and 9 dpt for fishes injected with cortisol-vegetable shortening, but did not change relative to controls and shams in cortisol-cocoa butter fishes. In conclusion, vegetable shortening and cocoa butter are both viable techniques for cortisol manipulation in fishes in temperate climates, providing researchers with different options depending on study objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Birnie-Gauvin
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - K S Peiman
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - M H Larsen
- Danish Centre for Wild Salmon, Brusgårdsvej 15, 8960 Randers, Denmark
| | - K Aarestrup
- DTU AQUA, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Section for Freshwater Fisheries and Ecology, Technical University of Denmark, Vejlsøvej 39, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - K M Gilmour
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - S J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
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21
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Birnie-Gauvin K, Peiman KS, Larsen MH, Baktoft H, Aarestrup K, Willmore WG, Cooke SJ. Oxidative stress and partial migration in brown trout (Salmo trutta). CAN J ZOOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2016-0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
During migration, animals are typically limited by their endogenous energetic resources that must be allocated to the physiological costs associated with locomotion, as well as avoiding and (or) compensating for oxidative stress. To date, there have been few attempts to understand the role of oxidative status in migration biology, particularly in fish. Semi-anadromous brown trout (Salmo trutta L., 1758) exhibit partial migration, where some individuals smoltify and migrate to sea, and others become stream residents, providing us with an excellent model to investigate the link between oxidative stress and migration. Using the brown trout, we obtained blood samples from juveniles from a coastal stream in Denmark in the fall prior to peak seaward migration that occurs in the spring, and assayed for antioxidant capacity (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) and oxidative stress levels (ratio of oxidized to reduced glutathione). We found that individuals that migrated had higher antioxidant capacity than residents and that future migration date was negatively correlated with both antioxidant capacity and body length in the fall. This study provides the first evidence that oxidative status is associated with migration strategy and timing, months in advance of the actual migration, and provides insight into the role of oxidative status in animal migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Birnie-Gauvin
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
- DTU AQUA, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Section for Freshwater Fisheries Ecology, Technical University of Denmark, Vejlsøvej 39, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Kathryn S. Peiman
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Martin H. Larsen
- DTU AQUA, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Section for Freshwater Fisheries Ecology, Technical University of Denmark, Vejlsøvej 39, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
- Danish Centre for Wild Salmon, Brusgårdsvej 15, 8960 Randers, Denmark
| | - Henrik Baktoft
- DTU AQUA, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Section for Freshwater Fisheries Ecology, Technical University of Denmark, Vejlsøvej 39, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Kim Aarestrup
- DTU AQUA, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Section for Freshwater Fisheries Ecology, Technical University of Denmark, Vejlsøvej 39, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - William G. Willmore
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Steven J. Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
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Eissa N, Wang HP, Yao H, Shen ZG, Shaheen AA, Abou-ElGheit EN. Expression of Hsp70, Igf1, and Three Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Response to Handling and Salt Treatment at Different Water Temperatures in Yellow Perch, Perca flavescens. Front Physiol 2017; 8:683. [PMID: 28955246 PMCID: PMC5601044 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress is a major factor that causes diseases and mortality in the aquaculture industry. The goal was to analyze the expression of stress-related biomarkers in response to different stressors in yellow perch, which is an important aquaculture candidate in North America and highly sensitive to handling in captivity. Three fish groups were established, each having four replicates, and subjected to water temperatures of 14, 20, and 26°C and acute handling stress was performed followed by a salt treatment for 144h at a salinity of 5 ppt. Serum and hepatic mRNA levels of heat shock protein (hsp70), insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf1), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), superoxide dismutase 1 (Sod1), and glutathione reductase (Gsr) were quantified at seven times interval over 144 h using ELISA and RT-qPCR. Handling stress caused a significant down-regulation in Hsp70, Gpx, Sod1, and Gsr at a water temperature of 20°C compared to 14 and 26°C. Igf1 was significantly upregulated at 20°C and down-regulated at 14 and 26°C. Salt treatment had a transient reverse effect on the targeted biomarkers in all groups at 72 h, then caused an upregulation after 144 h, compared to the control groups. The data showed a negative strong regulatory linear relationship between igf1 with hsp70 and anti-oxidative gene expressions. These findings could provide valuable new insights into the stress responses that affect fish health and could be used to monitor the stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Eissa
- Aquaculture Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Ohio State UniversityPiketon, OH, United States.,Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, University of ManitobaWinnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Han-Ping Wang
- Aquaculture Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Ohio State UniversityPiketon, OH, United States
| | - Hong Yao
- Aquaculture Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Ohio State UniversityPiketon, OH, United States
| | - Zhi-Gang Shen
- Aquaculture Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Ohio State UniversityPiketon, OH, United States
| | - Adel A Shaheen
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha UniversityToukh, Egypt
| | - Elsayed N Abou-ElGheit
- Aquatic Diseases Laboratory, Aquaculture Division, National Institute of Oceanography and FisheriesCairo, Egypt
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