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Gadd DA, Smith HM, Mullin D, Chybowska O, Hillary RF, Kimenai DM, Bernabeu E, Cheng Y, Fawns-Ritchie C, Campbell A, Page D, Taylor A, Corley J, Del C Valdés-Hernández M, Maniega SM, Bastin ME, Wardlaw JM, Walker RM, Evans KL, McIntosh AM, Hayward C, Russ TC, Harris SE, Welsh P, Sattar N, Cox SR, McCartney DL, Marioni RE. DNAm scores for serum GDF15 and NT-proBNP levels associate with a range of traits affecting the body and brain. Clin Epigenetics 2024; 16:124. [PMID: 39256775 PMCID: PMC11389299 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-024-01734-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) and N-terminal proB-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) are cardiovascular biomarkers that associate with a range of diseases. Epigenetic scores (EpiScores) for GDF15 and NT-proBNP may provide new routes for risk stratification. RESULTS In the Generation Scotland cohort (N ≥ 16,963), GDF15 levels were associated with incident dementia, ischaemic stroke and type 2 diabetes, whereas NT-proBNP levels were associated with incident ischaemic heart disease, ischaemic stroke and type 2 diabetes (all PFDR < 0.05). Bayesian epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) identified 12 and 4 DNA methylation (DNAm) CpG sites associated (Posterior Inclusion Probability [PIP] > 95%) with levels of GDF15 and NT-proBNP, respectively. EpiScores for GDF15 and NT-proBNP were trained in a subset of the population. The GDF15 EpiScore replicated protein associations with incident dementia, type 2 diabetes and ischaemic stroke in the Generation Scotland test set (hazard ratios (HR) range 1.36-1.41, PFDR < 0.05). The EpiScore for NT-proBNP replicated the protein association with type 2 diabetes, but failed to replicate an association with ischaemic stroke. EpiScores explained comparable variance in protein levels across both the Generation Scotland test set and the external LBC1936 test cohort (R2 range of 5.7-12.2%). In LBC1936, both EpiScores were associated with indicators of poorer brain health. Neither EpiScore was associated with incident dementia in the LBC1936 population. CONCLUSIONS EpiScores for serum levels of GDF15 and Nt-proBNP associate with body and brain health traits. These EpiScores are provided as potential tools for disease risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni A Gadd
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hannah M Smith
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Donncha Mullin
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ola Chybowska
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Robert F Hillary
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dorien M Kimenai
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Elena Bernabeu
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yipeng Cheng
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Chloe Fawns-Ritchie
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Division of Psychology, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Danielle Page
- Department of Psychology, Lothian Birth Cohorts, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Adele Taylor
- Department of Psychology, Lothian Birth Cohorts, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Janie Corley
- Department of Psychology, Lothian Birth Cohorts, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Maria Del C Valdés-Hernández
- Department of Psychology, Lothian Birth Cohorts, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Imaging and UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Susana Muñoz Maniega
- Department of Psychology, Lothian Birth Cohorts, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Imaging and UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark E Bastin
- Department of Psychology, Lothian Birth Cohorts, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Imaging and UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- Department of Psychology, Lothian Birth Cohorts, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Imaging and UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Neurovascular Imaging Research Core, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rosie M Walker
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Imaging and UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Perry Road, Exeter, UK
| | - Kathryn L Evans
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tom C Russ
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah E Harris
- Department of Psychology, Lothian Birth Cohorts, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Paul Welsh
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, UK
| | - Naveed Sattar
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, UK
| | - Simon R Cox
- Department of Psychology, Lothian Birth Cohorts, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Daniel L McCartney
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Riccardo E Marioni
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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Milbourn H, McCartney D, Richmond A, Campbell A, Flaig R, Robertson S, Fawns-Ritchie C, Hayward C, Marioni RE, McIntosh AM, Porteous DJ, Whalley HC, Sudlow C. Generation Scotland: an update on Scotland's longitudinal family health study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e084719. [PMID: 38908846 PMCID: PMC11340249 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-084719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Generation Scotland (GS) is a large family-based cohort study established as a longitudinal resource for research into the genetic, lifestyle and environmental determinants of physical and mental health. It comprises extensive genetic, sociodemographic and clinical data from volunteers in Scotland. PARTICIPANTS A total of 24 084 adult participants, including 5501 families, were recruited between 2006 and 2011. Within the cohort, 59% (approximately 14 209) are women, with an average age at recruitment of 49 years. Participants completed a health questionnaire and attended an in-person clinic visit, where detailed baseline data were collected on lifestyle information, cognitive function, personality traits and mental and physical health. Genotype array data are available for 20 026 (83%) participants, and blood-based DNA methylation (DNAm) data for 18 869 (78%) participants. Linkage to routine National Health Service datasets has been possible for 93% (n=22 402) of the cohort, creating a longitudinal resource that includes primary care, hospital attendance, prescription and mortality records. Multimodal brain imaging is available in 1069 individuals. FINDINGS TO DATE GS has been widely used by researchers across the world to study the genetic and environmental basis of common complex diseases. Over 350 peer-reviewed papers have been published using GS data, contributing to research areas such as ageing, cancer, cardiovascular disease and mental health. Recontact studies have built on the GS cohort to collect additional prospective data to study chronic pain, major depressive disorder and COVID-19. FUTURE PLANS To create a larger, richer, longitudinal resource, 'Next Generation Scotland' launched in May 2022 to expand the existing cohort by a target of 20 000 additional volunteers, now including anyone aged 12+ years. New participants complete online consent and questionnaires and provide postal saliva samples, from which genotype and salivary DNAm array data will be generated. The latest cohort information and how to access data can be found on the GS website (www.generationscotland.org).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Milbourn
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh Usher, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Daniel McCartney
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anne Richmond
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Robin Flaig
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh Usher, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah Robertson
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh Usher, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Chloe Fawns-Ritchie
- Division of Psychology, School of Humanities, Social Sciences and Law, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Riccardo E Marioni
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David J Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Heather C Whalley
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh Usher, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Cathie Sudlow
- Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh Usher, Edinburgh, UK
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Cheng Y, Gadd DA, Gieger C, Monterrubio-Gómez K, Zhang Y, Berta I, Stam MJ, Szlachetka N, Lobzaev E, Wrobel N, Murphy L, Campbell A, Nangle C, Walker RM, Fawns-Ritchie C, Peters A, Rathmann W, Porteous DJ, Evans KL, McIntosh AM, Cannings TI, Waldenberger M, Ganna A, McCartney DL, Vallejos CA, Marioni RE. Development and validation of DNA methylation scores in two European cohorts augment 10-year risk prediction of type 2 diabetes. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:450-458. [PMID: 37117793 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00391-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) presents a major health and economic burden that could be alleviated with improved early prediction and intervention. While standard risk factors have shown good predictive performance, we show that the use of blood-based DNA methylation information leads to a significant improvement in the prediction of 10-year T2D incidence risk. Previous studies have been largely constrained by linear assumptions, the use of cytosine-guanine pairs one-at-a-time and binary outcomes. We present a flexible approach (via an R package, MethylPipeR) based on a range of linear and tree-ensemble models that incorporate time-to-event data for prediction. Using the Generation Scotland cohort (training set ncases = 374, ncontrols = 9,461; test set ncases = 252, ncontrols = 4,526) our best-performing model (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 0.872, area under the precision-recall curve (PRAUC) = 0.302) showed notable improvement in 10-year onset prediction beyond standard risk factors (AUC = 0.839, precision-recall AUC = 0.227). Replication was observed in the German-based KORA study (n = 1,451, ncases = 142, P = 1.6 × 10-5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Cheng
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Danni A Gadd
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Karla Monterrubio-Gómez
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yufei Zhang
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Imrich Berta
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michael J Stam
- School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Evgenii Lobzaev
- School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nicola Wrobel
- Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lee Murphy
- Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Cliff Nangle
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rosie M Walker
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Chloe Fawns-Ritchie
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, München, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - David J Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kathryn L Evans
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Ganna
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Daniel L McCartney
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Catalina A Vallejos
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK.
| | - Riccardo E Marioni
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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4
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Arakelyan S, Brown T, McCabe L, McGregor L, Comerford D, Dawson A, Bell D, Douglas C, Houston J, Douglas E. Social, health and economic impact of COVID-19: Healthy Ageing In Scotland (HAGIS) - a protocol for a mixed-methods study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e061427. [PMID: 36792332 PMCID: PMC9933129 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Public health responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have reaped adverse physical, psychological, social and economic effects, with older adults disproportionally affected. Psychological consequences of the pandemic include fear, worry and anxiety. COVID-19 fear may impact individuals' mitigation behaviours, influencing their willingness to (re)engage in health, social and economic behaviours. This study seeks (1) to develop a robust and evidence-based questionnaire to measure the prevalence of COVID-19 fear among older adults (aged ≥50) in Scotland and (2) to examine the impact of COVID-19 fear on the willingness of older adults to (re)engage across health, social and economic domains as society adjusts to the 'new normal' and inform policy and practice. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This mixed-method study includes a large-scale multimodal survey, focus groups and interviews with older adults (aged ≥50) living in Scotland, and an email-based 'e-Delphi' consultation with professionals working with older adults. The COVID-19 fear scale was developed and validated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Survey data will be analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Thematic analysis will be used to analyse qualitative data. Survey and qualitative findings will be triangulated and used as the starting point for an 'e-Delphi' consensus consultation with expert stakeholders. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval has been obtained from the University of Stirling for multimodal survey development, fieldwork methodology and data management. Anonymised survey data will be deposited with the UK Data Service, with a link provided via the Gateway to Global Ageing. Qualitative data will be deposited with the University of Stirling online digital repository-DataSTORRE. A dedicated work package will oversee dissemination via a coproduced project website, conference presentations, rapid reports and national and international peer-reviewed journal articles. There is planned engagement with Scottish and UK policy makers to contribute to the UK government's COVID-19 recovery strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Arakelyan
- Centre for Environment, Dementia and Ageing Research (CEDAR), Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Tamara Brown
- Centre for Environment, Dementia and Ageing Research (CEDAR), Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Louise McCabe
- Centre for Environment, Dementia and Ageing Research (CEDAR), Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Lesley McGregor
- Division of Psychology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - David Comerford
- Stirling Management School, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Alison Dawson
- Centre for Environment, Dementia and Ageing Research (CEDAR), Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - David Bell
- Division of Economics, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Cristina Douglas
- Centre for Environment, Dementia and Ageing Research (CEDAR), Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - John Houston
- Stirling Management School, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Elaine Douglas
- Centre for Environment, Dementia and Ageing Research (CEDAR), Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
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Bowyer RCE, Huggins C, Toms R, Shaw RJ, Hou B, Thompson EJ, Kwong ASF, Williams DM, Kibble M, Ploubidis GB, Timpson NJ, Sterne JAC, Chaturvedi N, Steves CJ, Tilling K, Silverwood RJ. Characterising patterns of COVID-19 and long COVID symptoms: evidence from nine UK longitudinal studies. Eur J Epidemiol 2023; 38:199-210. [PMID: 36680646 PMCID: PMC9860244 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-022-00962-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Multiple studies across global populations have established the primary symptoms characterising Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and long COVID. However, as symptoms may also occur in the absence of COVID-19, a lack of appropriate controls has often meant that specificity of symptoms to acute COVID-19 or long COVID, and the extent and length of time for which they are elevated after COVID-19, could not be examined. We analysed individual symptom prevalences and characterised patterns of COVID-19 and long COVID symptoms across nine UK longitudinal studies, totalling over 42,000 participants. Conducting latent class analyses separately in three groups ('no COVID-19', 'COVID-19 in last 12 weeks', 'COVID-19 > 12 weeks ago'), the data did not support the presence of more than two distinct symptom patterns, representing high and low symptom burden, in each group. Comparing the high symptom burden classes between the 'COVID-19 in last 12 weeks' and 'no COVID-19' groups we identified symptoms characteristic of acute COVID-19, including loss of taste and smell, fatigue, cough, shortness of breath and muscle pains or aches. Comparing the high symptom burden classes between the 'COVID-19 > 12 weeks ago' and 'no COVID-19' groups we identified symptoms characteristic of long COVID, including fatigue, shortness of breath, muscle pain or aches, difficulty concentrating and chest tightness. The identified symptom patterns among individuals with COVID-19 > 12 weeks ago were strongly associated with self-reported length of time unable to function as normal due to COVID-19 symptoms, suggesting that the symptom pattern identified corresponds to long COVID. Building the evidence base regarding typical long COVID symptoms will improve diagnosis of this condition and the ability to elicit underlying biological mechanisms, leading to better patient access to treatment and services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth C E Bowyer
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
| | - Charlotte Huggins
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Renin Toms
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Wellbeing, School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Richard J Shaw
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Bo Hou
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Ellen J Thompson
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alex S F Kwong
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dylan M Williams
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Milla Kibble
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - George B Ploubidis
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jonathan A C Sterne
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
- Health Data Research UK South West, Bristol, UK
| | - Nishi Chaturvedi
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, UK
| | - Claire J Steves
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Ageing and Health, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kate Tilling
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard J Silverwood
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK.
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Kirkham EJ, Huggins CF, C FR. The Effect of School Bullying on Pupils' Perceived Stress and Wellbeing During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2022; 17:1-8. [PMID: 36573178 PMCID: PMC9771770 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-022-00509-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Establishing how the Covid-19 pandemic and related lockdowns have affected adolescent mental health is a key societal priority. Though numerous studies have examined this topic, few have focused on the wellbeing of pupils who experience school bullying. This is particularly important as pupils who experience bullying represent a vulnerable group at increased risk of mental illness. Therefore, we sought to investigate the relationship between experience of bullying and adolescent wellbeing during lockdown and subsequent re-opening of schools. METHODS We used the TeenCovidLife dataset to examine the relationship between experience of bullying and pupils' perceived stress and wellbeing across three timepoints. Pupils aged 12-17 (n = 255) completed surveys during the first Covid-19 lockdown (May-July 2020), when they returned to school after the first lockdown (August-October 2020), and during the summer term of 2021 (May-June 2021). RESULTS Perceived stress was higher in the group of pupils that experienced bullying than in the group that did not, though this difference between groups was smaller during lockdown than when pupils were attending school in person. Pupils who were bullied showed lower wellbeing across all timepoints. For the full sample of pupils, wellbeing was lowest (and perceived stress highest) at Time 3, one year after the first Covid-19 lockdown. CONCLUSION The findings challenge previous assumptions that Covid-19 lockdowns were associated with a generalised decline in adolescent mental health. Instead, the picture is more nuanced, with perceived stress, though not wellbeing, varying according pupils' experiences of school bullying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J. Kirkham
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Division of Psychiatry, Kennedy Tower, Morningside Terrace, EH10 5HF Edinburgh, UK
| | - C. F. Huggins
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Fawns-Ritchie C
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Division of Psychology, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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7
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Unnarsdóttir AB, Lovik A, Fawns-Ritchie C, Ask H, Kõiv K, Hagen K, Didriksen M, Christoffersen LAN, Garðarsson AB, McIntosh A, Kähler AK, Campbell A, Hauksdóttir A, Erikstrup C, Mikkelsen DH, Altschul D, Thordardottir EB, Frans EM, Kvale G, Tómasson G, Kariis HM, Jónsdóttir HL, Rúnarsdóttir H, Magnúsdóttir I, Eid J, Jakobsdóttir J, Nielsen KR, Kaspersen KA, Milani L, Trogstad LIS, Yi L, Bruun MT, Sullivan PF, Magnus PM, Shen Q, Nesvåg R, Brandlistuen RE, Mägi R, Ostrowski SR, Løkhammer S, Solem S, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Hansen TF, Werge T, Aspelund T, Porteous DJ, Fang F, Lehto K, Andreassen OA, Pedersen OBV, Hellard SL, Valdimarsdóttir UA. Cohort Profile: COVIDMENT: COVID-19 cohorts on mental health across six nations. Int J Epidemiol 2022; 51:e108-e122. [PMID: 35020900 PMCID: PMC8690101 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyab234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bára Unnarsdóttir
- Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Anikó Lovik
- Unit of Integrative Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chloe Fawns-Ritchie
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Helga Ask
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kadri Kõiv
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kristen Hagen
- Department of Psychiatry, Molde Hospital, Møre og Romsdal Hospital Trust, Molde, Norway
| | - Maria Didriksen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Andrew McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anna K Kähler
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Arna Hauksdóttir
- Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Dorte Helenius Mikkelsen
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Drew Altschul
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Edda Bjork Thordardottir
- Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Emma Maria Frans
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerd Kvale
- BCBP, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gunnar Tómasson
- Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Iceland
| | - Hanna Maria Kariis
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Harpa Lind Jónsdóttir
- Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Harpa Rúnarsdóttir
- Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ingibjörg Magnúsdóttir
- Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jarle Eid
- Faculty of Psychology, Center for Crisis Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jóhanna Jakobsdóttir
- Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kaspar René Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Kathrine Agergård Kaspersen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Danish Big Data Centre for Environment and Health (BERTHA), Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Lili Milani
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Lill-Iren Schou Trogstad
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lu Yi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mie Topholm Bruun
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Patrick F Sullivan
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Departments of Genetics and Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, NC, USA
| | - Per Minor Magnus
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Qing Shen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ragnar Nesvåg
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild E Brandlistuen
- Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sisse Rye Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Solveig Løkhammer
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stian Solem
- BCBP, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Folkmann Hansen
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshopitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
- NovoNordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Werge
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thor Aspelund
- Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - David J Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Fang Fang
- Unit of Integrative Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kelli Lehto
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Faculty of Medicine, NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- BCBP, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Unnur A Valdimarsdóttir
- Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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8
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Huggins CF, Fawns-Ritchie C, Altschul DM, Campbell A, Nangle C, Dawson R, Edwards R, Flaig R, Hartley L, Levein C, McCartney DL, Sinclair SL, Dolan C, Haughton D, Mabelis J, Brown J, Inchley J, Smith DJ, Deary IJ, Hayward C, Marioni RE, McIntosh AM, Sudlow C, Porteous DJ. TeenCovidLife: a resource to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescents in Scotland. Wellcome Open Res 2022; 6:277. [PMID: 35999909 PMCID: PMC9360910 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17252.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TeenCovidLife is part of Generation Scotland's CovidLife projects, a set of longitudinal observational studies designed to assess the psychosocial and health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. TeenCovidLife focused on how adolescents in Scotland were coping during the pandemic. As of September 2021, Generation Scotland had conducted three TeenCovidLife surveys. Participants from previous surveys were invited to participate in the next, meaning the age ranges shifted over time. TeenCovidLife Survey 1 consists of data from 5,543 young people age 12 to 17, collected from 22 May to 5 July 2020, during the first school closures period in Scotland. TeenCovidLife Survey 2 consists of data from 2,245 young people aged 12 to 18, collected from 18 August to 14 October 2020, when the initial lockdown measures were beginning to ease, and schools reopened in Scotland. TeenCovidLife Survey 3 consists of data from 597 young people age 12 to 19, collected from 12 May to 27 June 2021, a year after the first survey, after the schools returned following the second lockdown in 2021. A total of 316 participants took part in all three surveys. TeenCovidLife collected data on general health and well-being, as well as topics specific to COVID-19, such as adherence to COVID-19 health guidance, feelings about school closures, and the impact of exam cancellations. Limited work has examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on young people. TeenCovidLife provides relevant and timely data to assess the impact of the pandemic on young people in Scotland. The dataset is available under authorised access from Generation Scotland; see the Generation Scotland website for more information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte F Huggins
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Chloe Fawns-Ritchie
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Drew M Altschul
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Clifford Nangle
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rebecca Dawson
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rachel Edwards
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Robin Flaig
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Louise Hartley
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christie Levein
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Daniel L McCartney
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stephanie L Sinclair
- Centre for Biomedicines, Self and Society, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Clare Dolan
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dawn Haughton
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Judith Mabelis
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Judith Brown
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jo Inchley
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Daniel J Smith
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Riccardo E Marioni
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Cathie Sudlow
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David J Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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9
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Stevenson AJ, Huggins CF, Forbes A, Hume J, Fulton G, Thirlwall C, Miles J, Fawns-Ritchie C, Campbell A, Nangle C, Dawson R, Edwards R, Flaig R, Hartley L, Levein C, McCartney DL, Deary IJ, Hayward C, Marioni RE, McIntosh AM, Sudlow C, Porteous DJ. RuralCovidLife: A new resource for the impact of the pandemic on rural Scotland. Wellcome Open Res 2022; 6:317. [PMID: 38726350 PMCID: PMC11079587 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17325.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
RuralCovidLife is part of Generation Scotland's CovidLife project, investigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and mitigation measures on people in Scotland. The RuralCovidLife project focuses on Scotland's rural communities, and how they have been impacted by the pandemic. During survey development, Generation Scotland consulted with people living or working in rural communities, and collaborated with a patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) group composed of rural community leaders. Through this consultation work, the RuralCovidLife survey was developed to assess the issues most pertinent to people in rural communities, such as mental health, employment, transport, connectivity, and local communities. Between 14th October and 30th November 2020, 3,365 participants from rural areas in Scotland took part in the survey. Participant ages ranged from 16 to 96 (mean = 58.4, standard deviation [SD] = 13.3), and the majority of the participants were female (70.5%). Over half (51.3%) had taken part in the original CovidLife survey. RuralCovidLife includes a subsample (n = 523) of participants from the Generation Scotland cohort. Pre-pandemic data on health and lifestyle, as well as biological samples, are available for these participants. These participants' data can also be linked to past and future healthcare records, allowing analysis of retrospective and prospective health outcomes. Like Generation Scotland, RuralCovidLife is designed as a resource for researchers. RuralCovidLife data, as well as the linked Generation Scotland data, is available for use by external researchers following approval from the Generation Scotland Access Committee. RuralCovidLife can be used to investigate mental health, well-being, and behaviour in participants living in rural areas during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as comparisons with non-rural samples. Moreover, the sub-sample with full Generation Scotland data and linkage can be used to investigate the long-term health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in rural communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J Stevenson
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Charlotte F Huggins
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Alison Forbes
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Jim Hume
- Support in Mind Scotland, Edinburgh, EH16 5GA, UK
| | - Grant Fulton
- Fulton Fisheries Consultancies Limited, Isle of Harris, HS3 3DX, UK
| | - Claire Thirlwall
- Directorate of Public Health, Dumfries and Galloway Council, Dumfries, DG1 2DD, UK
| | | | - Chloe Fawns-Ritchie
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
| | - Clifford Nangle
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
| | - Rebecca Dawson
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
| | - Rachel Edwards
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Robin Flaig
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
| | - Louise Hartley
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
| | - Christie Levein
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Daniel L McCartney
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Riccardo E Marioni
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Cathie Sudlow
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
| | - David J Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
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10
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Wielgoszewska B, Maddock J, Green MJ, Di Gessa G, Parsons S, Griffith GJ, Croft J, Stevenson AJ, Booth C, Silverwood RJ, Bann D, Patalay P, Hughes AD, Chaturvedi N, Howe LD, Fitzsimons E, Katikireddi SV, Ploubidis GB. The UK Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme and diet, physical activity, and sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from eight longitudinal population surveys. BMC Med 2022; 20:147. [PMID: 35387639 PMCID: PMC8984671 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02343-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In March 2020, the UK implemented the Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme (furlough) to minimise job losses. Our aim was to investigate associations between furlough and diet, physical activity, and sleep during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We analysed data on 25,092 participants aged 16-66 years from eight UK longitudinal studies. Changes in employment, including being furloughed, were based on employment status before and during the first lockdown. Health behaviours included fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity, and sleep. Study-specific estimates obtained using modified Poisson regression, adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics and pre-pandemic health and health behaviours, were statistically pooled using random effects meta-analysis. Associations were also stratified by sex, age, and education. RESULTS Across studies, between 8 and 25% of participants were furloughed. Compared to those who remained working, furloughed workers were slightly less likely to be physically inactive (RR = 0.85; [95% CI 0.75-0.97]; I 2 = 59%) and did not differ overall with respect to low fruit and vegetable consumption or atypical sleep, although findings for sleep were heterogenous (I 2 = 85%). In stratified analyses, furlough was associated with lower fruit and vegetable consumption among males (RR = 1.11; [1.01-1.22]; I 2 = 0%) but not females (RR = 0.84; [0.68-1.04]; I 2 = 65%). Considering changes in quantity, furloughed workers were more likely than those who remained working to report increases in fruit and vegetable consumption, exercise, and hours of sleep. CONCLUSIONS Those furloughed exhibited similar health behaviours to those who remained in employment during the initial stages of the pandemic. There was little evidence to suggest that adoption of such social protection policies in the post-pandemic recovery period and during future economic crises had adverse effects on population health behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bożena Wielgoszewska
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL Social Research Institute, University College, London, UK
| | - Jane Maddock
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Michael J Green
- MRC/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Giorgio Di Gessa
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sam Parsons
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL Social Research Institute, University College, London, UK
| | - Gareth J Griffith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jazz Croft
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Anna J Stevenson
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Charlotte Booth
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL Social Research Institute, University College, London, UK
| | - Richard J Silverwood
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL Social Research Institute, University College, London, UK
| | - David Bann
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL Social Research Institute, University College, London, UK
| | - Praveetha Patalay
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL Social Research Institute, University College, London, UK
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alun D Hughes
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nishi Chaturvedi
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Laura D Howe
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Emla Fitzsimons
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL Social Research Institute, University College, London, UK
| | | | - George B Ploubidis
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL Social Research Institute, University College, London, UK.
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11
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Gadd DA, Hillary RF, McCartney DL, Zaghlool SB, Stevenson AJ, Cheng Y, Fawns-Ritchie C, Nangle C, Campbell A, Flaig R, Harris SE, Walker RM, Shi L, Tucker-Drob EM, Gieger C, Peters A, Waldenberger M, Graumann J, McRae AF, Deary IJ, Porteous DJ, Hayward C, Visscher PM, Cox SR, Evans KL, McIntosh AM, Suhre K, Marioni RE. Epigenetic scores for the circulating proteome as tools for disease prediction. eLife 2022; 11:e71802. [PMID: 35023833 PMCID: PMC8880990 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein biomarkers have been identified across many age-related morbidities. However, characterising epigenetic influences could further inform disease predictions. Here, we leverage epigenome-wide data to study links between the DNA methylation (DNAm) signatures of the circulating proteome and incident diseases. Using data from four cohorts, we trained and tested epigenetic scores (EpiScores) for 953 plasma proteins, identifying 109 scores that explained between 1% and 58% of the variance in protein levels after adjusting for known protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) genetic effects. By projecting these EpiScores into an independent sample (Generation Scotland; n = 9537) and relating them to incident morbidities over a follow-up of 14 years, we uncovered 137 EpiScore-disease associations. These associations were largely independent of immune cell proportions, common lifestyle and health factors, and biological aging. Notably, we found that our diabetes-associated EpiScores highlighted previous top biomarker associations from proteome-wide assessments of diabetes. These EpiScores for protein levels can therefore be a valuable resource for disease prediction and risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni A Gadd
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Robert F Hillary
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Daniel L McCartney
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Shaza B Zaghlool
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education CityDohaQatar
- Computer Engineering Department, Virginia TechBlacksburgUnited States
| | - Anna J Stevenson
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Yipeng Cheng
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Chloe Fawns-Ritchie
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Cliff Nangle
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Robin Flaig
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Sarah E Harris
- Department of Psychology, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Rosie M Walker
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor’s Building, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Liu Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Elliot M Tucker-Drob
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at AustinAustinUnited States
- Population Research Center, The University of Texas at AustinAustinUnited States
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherbergGermany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherbergGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart AllianceMunichGermany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)NeuherbergGermany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherbergGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart AllianceMunichGermany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)NeuherbergGermany
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherbergGermany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherbergGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart AllianceMunichGermany
| | - Johannes Graumann
- Scientific Service Group Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, W.G. Kerckhoff InstituteBad NauheimGermany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Max Planck Institute of Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Allan F McRae
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Ian J Deary
- Department of Psychology, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - David J Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Peter M Visscher
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Simon R Cox
- Department of Psychology, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Kathryn L Evans
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh HospitalEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education CityDohaQatar
| | - Riccardo E Marioni
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
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Stevenson AJ, Huggins CF, Forbes A, Hume J, Fulton G, Thirlwall C, Miles J, Fawns-Ritchie C, Campbell A, Nangle C, Dawson R, Edwards R, Flaig R, Hartley L, Levein C, McCartney DL, Deary IJ, Hayward C, Marioni RE, McIntosh AM, Sudlow C, Porteous DJ. RuralCovidLife: Study protocol and description of the data. Wellcome Open Res 2021. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17325.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RuralCovidLife is part of Generation Scotland’s CovidLife project, investigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and mitigation measures on people in Scotland. The RuralCovidLife project focuses on Scotland’s rural communities, and how they have been impacted by the pandemic. During survey development, Generation Scotland consulted with people living or working in rural communities, and collaborated with a patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) group composed of rural community leaders. Through this consultation work, the RuralCovidLife survey was developed to assess the issues most pertinent to people in rural communities, such as mental health, employment, transport, connectivity, and local communities. Between 14th October and 30th November 2020, 3,365 participants from rural areas in Scotland took part in the survey. Participant ages ranged from 16 to 96 (mean = 58.4, standard deviation [SD] = 13.3), and the majority of the participants were female (70.5%). Over half (51.3%) had taken part in the original CovidLife survey. RuralCovidLife includes a subsample (n = 523) of participants from the Generation Scotland cohort. Pre-pandemic data on health and lifestyle, as well as biological samples, are available for these participants. These participants’ data can also be linked to past and future healthcare records, allowing analysis of retrospective and prospective health outcomes. Like Generation Scotland, RuralCovidLife is designed as a resource for researchers. RuralCovidLife data, as well as the linked Generation Scotland data, is available for use by external researchers following approval from the Generation Scotland Access Committee. RuralCovidLife can be used to investigate mental health, well-being, and behaviour in participants living in rural areas during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as comparisons with non-rural samples. Moreover, the sub-sample with full Generation Scotland data and linkage can be used to investigate the long-term health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in rural communities.
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Huggins CF, Fawns-Ritchie C, Altschul DM, Campbell A, Nangle C, Dawson R, Edwards R, Flaig R, Hartley L, Levein C, McCartney DL, Sinclair SL, Dolan C, Haughton D, Mabelis J, Brown J, Inchley J, Smith DJ, Deary IJ, Hayward C, Marioni RE, McIntosh AM, Sudlow C, Porteous DJ. TeenCovidLife: a resource to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescents in Scotland. Wellcome Open Res 2021; 6:277. [PMID: 35999909 PMCID: PMC9360910 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17252.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TeenCovidLife is part of Generation Scotland's CovidLife projects, a set of longitudinal observational studies designed to assess the psychosocial and health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. TeenCovidLife focused on how adolescents in Scotland were coping during the pandemic. As of September 2021, Generation Scotland had conducted three TeenCovidLife surveys. Participants from previous surveys were invited to participate in the next, meaning the age ranges shifted over time. TeenCovidLife Survey 1 consists of data from 5,543 young people age 12 to 17, collected from 22 May to 5 July 2020, during the first school closures period in Scotland. TeenCovidLife Survey 2 consists of data from 2,245 young people aged 12 to 18, collected from 18 August to 14 October 2020, when the initial lockdown measures were beginning to ease, and schools reopened in Scotland. TeenCovidLife Survey 3 consists of data from 597 young people age 12 to 19, collected from 12 May to 27 June 2021, a year after the first survey, after the schools returned following the second lockdown in 2021. A total of 316 participants took part in all three surveys. TeenCovidLife collected data on general health and well-being, as well as topics specific to COVID-19, such as adherence to COVID-19 health guidance, feelings about school closures, and the impact of exam cancellations. Limited work has examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on young people. TeenCovidLife provides relevant and timely data to assess the impact of the pandemic on young people in Scotland. The dataset is available under authorised access from Generation Scotland; see the Generation Scotland website for more information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte F Huggins
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Chloe Fawns-Ritchie
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Drew M Altschul
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Clifford Nangle
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rebecca Dawson
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rachel Edwards
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Robin Flaig
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Louise Hartley
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christie Levein
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Daniel L McCartney
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stephanie L Sinclair
- Centre for Biomedicines, Self and Society, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Clare Dolan
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dawn Haughton
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Judith Mabelis
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Judith Brown
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jo Inchley
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Daniel J Smith
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Riccardo E Marioni
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Cathie Sudlow
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David J Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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