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Yu Y, Jia Y, Liu Q, Zhao L, Lin H, Liu Z, Fang T, Jiang W, Cui H, Hou S, Guo L. Prenatal phthalate exposure and birth size: a systematic review and meta-analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:2813-2829. [PMID: 37979196 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2275645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are common endocrine disruptors. The placental barrier can be crossed by phthalates and may have a negative impact on the health of the fetus. However, the association between prenatal exposure to phthalates and birth size is still debatable. Here, we performed this meta-analysis to assess the relationship between prenatal phthalates exposure and birth size. Eighteen studies were finally included by searching PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Ovid, and Web of Science databases and standardized regression coefficients and standard errors were used to pool effect size. Our results showed that prenatal exposure to MMP (=-0.04, 95%CI: -0.08, -0.01) and MEP (=-0.01, 95%CI: -0.01, -0.002) was significantly associated with birth weight. However, no significant associations were identified for phthalate exposure with birth length, head circumference and chest circumference. Because the limiting of studies, more high-quality case-control studies or cohort studies are urgently needed to draw the best conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yu
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaning Jia
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qisijing Liu
- Research Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute, Tianjin University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huishu Lin
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute, Tianjin University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ziquan Liu
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute, Tianjin University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tao Fang
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute, Tianjin University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenbing Jiang
- Research Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Dingli Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huanhuan Cui
- Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute, Tianjin University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shike Hou
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Liqiong Guo
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute, Tianjin University, Wenzhou, China
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Fu J, Yao Y, Huang Z, Huang J, Zhang D, Li X, Xu J, Xiao Q, Lu S. Prenatal exposure to benzophenone-type UV filters and the associations with neonatal birth outcomes and maternal health in south China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 189:108797. [PMID: 38838486 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Benzophenone (BP)-type UV filters are commonly added to sunscreens and cosmetics to protect against UV radiation for human skin and hair. As a result, BPs are ubiquitous in the environment and human body, and their endocrine-disrupting characteristics have been a hot topic of discussion. However, our knowledge regarding the detrimental effects of prenatal exposure to BPs on pregnant women and their offspring remains limited. To fill this gap, we determined five BP derivatives in 600 serum samples obtained from pregnant women. All the target analytes, except 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (BP-1), have achieved a 100 % detection rate. The most prevalent compound was 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (BP-3), with a median concentration of 0.545 ng/mL. Significant and positive correlations were observed among BP derivatives, indicating both endogenous metabolism and common external sources. Utilizing Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) and quantile-based g-computation (QGC) models, we found relationships between BP exposure and reduced neonatal birth weight (BW) and birth chest circumference (BC) during the third trimester. Notably, the adverse effect of BPs on birth size was sex-specific. Moreover, triglyceride (TG) was identified as a potential mediator of the effect of BPs on blood pressure, and co-exposure to BPs was linked to disruptions in thyroid hormone levels and glucose regulation. Further research is warranted to unravel the toxicity of BPs and their detrimental effects on pregnant women and fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Fu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Genetics Laboratory, Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College, Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City, Shenzhen 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhihong Huang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Jiayin Huang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Duo Zhang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Jiayi Xu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Qinru Xiao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Shaoyou Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
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Chaichian S, Khodabandehloo F, Haghighi L, Govahi A, Mehdizadeh M, Ajdary M, Varma RS. Toxicological Impact of Bisphenol A on Females' Reproductive System: Review Based on Experimental and Epidemiological Studies. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:1781-1799. [PMID: 38532232 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-024-01521-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The study encompassing research papers documented in the last two decades pertaining to the possible influence of bisphenol A (BPA) on the fertility of females are appraised with emphasis on the influence of BPA in reproductive organs (uterus and ovaries) and pregnancy outcomes including discussion on the reproductive process (implantation, estrous cycle, hormone secretion); outcomes reveal a connection amongst BPA and female infertility. Ovary, uterus, and its shape as well as function can alter a person's ability to become pregnant by influencing the hypothalamus-pituitary axis in the ovarian model. Additionally, implantation and the estrous cycle may be affected by BPA. However, more research is warranted to comprehend the underlying action mechanisms and to promptly identify any imminent reproductive harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahla Chaichian
- Endometriosis Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khodabandehloo
- Department of Genetics and Advanced Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ladan Haghighi
- Endometriosis Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Govahi
- Endometriosis Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mehdizadeh
- Reproductive Sciences and Technology Research Center, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Ajdary
- Endometriosis Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry, Department of Chemistry Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil.
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Oh J, Schweitzer JB, Buckley JP, Upadhyaya S, Kannan K, Herbstman JB, Ghassabian A, Schmidt RJ, Hertz-Picciotto I, Bennett DH. Early childhood exposures to phthalates in association with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder behaviors in middle childhood and adolescence in the ReCHARGE study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 259:114377. [PMID: 38692176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-life exposure to phthalates alters behaviors in animals. However, epidemiological evidence on childhood phthalate exposure and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) behaviors is limited. METHODS This study included 243 children from the ReCHARGE (Revisiting Childhood Autism Risks from Genetics and Environment) study, who were previously classified as having autism spectrum disorder (ASD), developmental delay, other early concerns, and typical development in the CHARGE case-control study. Twenty phthalate metabolites were measured in spot urine samples collected from children aged 2-5 years. Parents reported on children's ADHD symptoms at ages 8-18 years using Conners-3 Parent Rating Scale. Covariate-adjusted negative binomial generalized linear models were used to investigate associations between individual phthalate metabolite concentrations and raw scores. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression with repeated holdout validation was used to examine mixture effects of phthalate metabolites on behavioral scores. Effect modification by child sex was evaluated. RESULTS Among 12 phthalate metabolites detected in >75% of the samples, higher mono-2-heptyl phthalate (MHPP) was associated with higher scores on Inattentive (β per doubling = 0.05, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02, 0.08) and Hyperactive/Impulsive scales (β = 0.04, 95% CI: 0.00, 0.07), especially among children with ASD. Higher mono-carboxy isooctyl phthalate (MCiOP) was associated with higher Hyperactivity/Impulsivity scores (β = 0.07, 95% CI: -0.01, 0.15), especially among typically developing children. The associations of the molar sum of high molecular weight (HMW) phthalate metabolites and a phthalate metabolite mixture with Hyperactivity/Impulsivity scores were modified by sex, showing more pronounced adverse associations among females. CONCLUSION Exposure to phthalates during early childhood may impact ADHD behaviors in middle childhood and adolescence, particularly among females. Although our findings may not be broadly generalizable due to the diverse diagnostic profiles within our study population, our robust findings on sex-specific associations warrant further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Oh
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Julie B Schweitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA; UC Davis MIND (Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jessie P Buckley
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sudhi Upadhyaya
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Julie B Herbstman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Akhgar Ghassabian
- Department of Pediatrics and Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca J Schmidt
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA; UC Davis MIND (Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA; UC Davis MIND (Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Deborah H Bennett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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5
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Zhu G, Wen Y, Cao K, He S, Wang T. A review of common statistical methods for dealing with multiple pollutant mixtures and multiple exposures. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1377685. [PMID: 38784575 PMCID: PMC11113012 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1377685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional environmental epidemiology has consistently focused on studying the impact of single exposures on specific health outcomes, considering concurrent exposures as variables to be controlled. However, with the continuous changes in environment, humans are increasingly facing more complex exposures to multi-pollutant mixtures. In this context, accurately assessing the impact of multi-pollutant mixtures on health has become a central concern in current environmental research. Simultaneously, the continuous development and optimization of statistical methods offer robust support for handling large datasets, strengthening the capability to conduct in-depth research on the effects of multiple exposures on health. In order to examine complicated exposure mixtures, we introduce commonly used statistical methods and their developments, such as weighted quantile sum, bayesian kernel machine regression, toxic equivalency analysis, and others. Delineating their applications, advantages, weaknesses, and interpretability of results. It also provides guidance for researchers involved in studying multi-pollutant mixtures, aiding them in selecting appropriate statistical methods and utilizing R software for more accurate and comprehensive assessments of the impact of multi-pollutant mixtures on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiming Zhu
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanchao Wen
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, China
| | - Kexin Cao
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, China
| | - Simin He
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, China
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6
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Meeker JD, McArthur KL, Adibi JJ, Alshawabkeh AN, Barrett ES, Brubaker SG, Cordero JF, Dabelea D, Dunlop AL, Herbstman JB, Kahn LG, Karr CJ, Mehta-Lee S, O'Connor TG, Sathyanarayana S, Trasande L, Kuiper JR. Urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites in relation to preeclampsia and other hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in the environmental influences on child health outcomes (ECHO) program. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 187:108678. [PMID: 38696977 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalate exposure may contribute to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), including preeclampsia/eclampsia (PE/E), but epidemiologic studies are lacking. OBJECTIVES To evaluate associations of pregnancy phthalate exposure with development of PE/E and HDP. METHODS Using data from 3,430 participants in eight Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program cohorts (enrolled from 1999 to 2019), we quantified concentrations of 13 phthalate metabolites (8 measured in all cohorts, 13 in a subset of four cohorts) in urine samples collected at least once during pregnancy. We operationalized outcomes as PE/E and composite HDP (PE/E and/or gestational hypertension). After correcting phthalate metabolite concentrations for urinary dilution, we evaluated covariate-adjusted associations of individual phthalates with odds of PE/E or composite HDP via generalized estimating equations, and the phthalate mixture via quantile-based g-computation. We also explored effect measure modification by fetal sex using stratified models. Effect estimates are reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). RESULTS In adjusted analyses, a doubling of mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP) and of mono (3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP) concentrations was associated with higher odds of PE/E as well as composite HDP, with somewhat larger associations for PE/E. For example, a doubling of MCPP was associated with 1.12 times the odds of PE/E (95%CI 1.00, 1.24) and 1.02 times the odds of composite HDP (95%CI 1.00, 1.05). A quartile increase in the phthalate mixture was associated with 1.27 times the odds of PE/E (95%CI 0.94, 1.70). A doubling of mono-carboxy isononyl phthalate (MCiNP) and of mono-carboxy isooctyl phthalate (MCiOP) concentrations were associated with 1.08 (95%CI 1.00, 1.17) and 1.11 (95%CI 1.03, 1.19) times the odds of PE/E. Effect estimates for PE/E were generally larger among pregnancies carrying female fetuses. DISCUSSION In this study, multiple phthalates were associated with higher odds of PE/E and HDP. Estimates were precise and some were low in magnitude. Interventions to reduce phthalate exposures during pregnancy may help mitigate risk of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Kristen L McArthur
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Jennifer J Adibi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | | | - Emily S Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers University School of Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Institute, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| | - Sara G Brubaker
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jose F Cordero
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia College of Public Health, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Anne L Dunlop
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Julie B Herbstman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Linda G Kahn
- Division of Environmental Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Catherine J Karr
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Shilpi Mehta-Lee
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Thomas G O'Connor
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology University of Washington and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | | | - Jordan R Kuiper
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C., USA.
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Fischer F, Kretschmer T, Seifert P, Howanski J, Krieger E, Rödiger J, Fink B, Yin Z, Bauer M, Zenclussen ML, Meyer N, Schumacher A, Zenclussen AC. Single and combined exposures to bisphenol A and benzophenone-3 during early mouse pregnancy have differential effects on fetal and placental development. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 922:171386. [PMID: 38431166 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) possess the capability to interfere with the endocrine system by binding to hormone receptors, for example on immune cells. Specific effects have already been described for individual substances, but the impact of exposure to chemical mixtures during pregnancy on maternal immune regulation, placentation and fetal development is not known. In this study, we aimed to investigate the combined effects of two widespread EDCs, bisphenol A (BPA) and benzophenone-3 (BP-3), at allowed concentrations on crucial pregnancy processes such as implantation, placentation, uterine immune cell populations and fetal growth. From gestation day (gd) 0 to gd10, female mice were exposed to 4 μg/kg/d BPA, 50 mg/kg/d BP-3 or a BPA/BP-3 mixture. High frequency ultrasound and Doppler measurements were used to determine intrauterine fetal development and hemodynamic parameters. Furthermore, uterine spiral artery remodeling and placental mRNA expression were studied via histology and CHIP-RT-PCR, respectively. Effects of EDC exposure on multiple uterine immune cell populations were investigated using flow cytometry. We found that exposure to BP-3 caused intrauterine growth restriction in offspring at gd14, while BPA and BPA/BP-3 mixture caused varying effects. Moreover, placental morphology at gd12 and placental efficiency at gd14 were altered upon BP-3 exposure. Placental gene transcription was altered particularly in female offspring after in utero exposure to BP-3. Flow cytometry analyses revealed an increase in uterine T cells and NK cells in BPA and BPA/BP-3-treated dams at gd14. Doppler measurements revealed no effect on uterine hemodynamic parameters and spiral artery remodeling was not affected following EDC exposure. Our results provide evidence that exposure to BPA and BP-3 during early gestation affects fetal development in a sex-dependent manner, placental function and immune cell frequencies at the feto-maternal interface. These results call for inclusion of studies addressing pregnancy in the risk assessment of environmental chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Fischer
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ GmbH, Leipzig, Germany; Saxon Incubator for Clinical Translation, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Kretschmer
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ GmbH, Leipzig, Germany; Saxon Incubator for Clinical Translation, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Paulina Seifert
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ GmbH, Leipzig, Germany; Saxon Incubator for Clinical Translation, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Howanski
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ GmbH, Leipzig, Germany; Saxon Incubator for Clinical Translation, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Krieger
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ GmbH, Leipzig, Germany; Saxon Incubator for Clinical Translation, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jonas Rödiger
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ GmbH, Leipzig, Germany; Saxon Incubator for Clinical Translation, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Beate Fink
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ GmbH, Leipzig, Germany; Saxon Incubator for Clinical Translation, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ziran Yin
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ GmbH, Leipzig, Germany; Saxon Incubator for Clinical Translation, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mario Bauer
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ GmbH, Leipzig, Germany; Saxon Incubator for Clinical Translation, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - María Laura Zenclussen
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (UNL-CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Fisiología Humana (FBCB-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Nicole Meyer
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ GmbH, Leipzig, Germany; Saxon Incubator for Clinical Translation, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne Schumacher
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ GmbH, Leipzig, Germany; Saxon Incubator for Clinical Translation, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ana Claudia Zenclussen
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ GmbH, Leipzig, Germany; Saxon Incubator for Clinical Translation, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
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8
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Sturla Irizarry SM, Cathey AL, Rosario Pabón ZY, Vélez Vega CM, Alshawabkeh AN, Cordero JF, Watkins DJ, Meeker JD. Urinary phenol and paraben concentrations in association with markers of inflammation during pregnancy in Puerto Rico. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:170889. [PMID: 38360311 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to phenols and parabens may contribute to increased maternal inflammation and adverse birth outcomes, but these effects are not well-studied in humans. This study aimed to investigate relationships between concentrations of 8 phenols and 4 parabens with 6 inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein (CRP); matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 1, 2, and 9; intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1); and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)) measured at two time points in pregnancy in the PROTECT birth cohort in Puerto Rico. Linear mixed models were used, adjusting for covariates of interest. Results are expressed as the percent change in outcome per interquartile range (IQR) increase in exposure. Particularly among phenols, numerous significant negative associations were found, for example, between benzophenone-3 and CRP (-11.21 %, 95 % CI: -17.82, -4.07) and triclocarban and MMP2 (-9.87 %, 95 % CI: -14.05, -5.5). However, significant positive associations were also detected, for instance, between bisphenol-A (BPA) and CRP (9.77 %, 95 % CI: 0.67, 19.68) and methyl-paraben and MMP1 (10.78 %, 95 % CI: 2.17, 20.11). Significant interactions with female fetal sex and the later study visit (at 24-28 weeks gestation) showed more positive associations compared to male fetal sex and the earlier study visit (16-20 weeks gestation). Our results suggest that phenols and parabens may disrupt inflammatory processes pertaining to uterine remodeling and endothelial function, with important implications for pregnancy outcomes. More research is needed to further understand maternal inflammatory status in an effort to improve reproductive and developmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amber L Cathey
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Zaira Y Rosario Pabón
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Carmen M Vélez Vega
- Department of Social Sciences, Doctoral Program in Social Determinants of Health, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA.
| | - Akram N Alshawabkeh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - José F Cordero
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30606, USA.
| | - Deborah J Watkins
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - John D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Kek T, Geršak K, Virant-Klun I. Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (bisphenols, parabens, and triclosan) and their associations with preterm birth in humans. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 125:108580. [PMID: 38522559 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Preterm birth in humans (PTB), defined as birth prior to 37 weeks of gestation, is one of the most important causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality and is associated with adverse health outcomes later in life. Attributed to many different etiological factors, estimated 15.1 million or 11.1% of births each year are preterm, which is more than 1 per 10 livebirths globally. Environmental pollution is a well-established risk factor that could influence the pathogenesis of PTB. Increasing evidence has shown an association between maternal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and PTB. This scoping review aims to summarize current research on the association between EDC exposure and PTB in humans. Database PubMed was used to identify articles discussing the effect of selected EDCs, namely bisphenol A, bisphenol S, bisphenol F, parabens, and triclosan, found in plastics, cosmetics and other personal care products, on PTB occurrence. Regardless of some inconsistences in the findings across studies, the reviewed studies suggest a potential association between involuntary exposure to reviewed EDCs and the risk of PTB. However, further studies are needed to delineate exact correlations and mechanisms through which EDC exposure causes PTB so that efficient preventative measures could be implemented. Until then, health care providers should inform women about possible EDC exposure thus empowering them to make healthy choices and at the same time decrease the EDC negative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Kek
- Clinical Research Centre, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 2, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
| | - Ksenija Geršak
- Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia; Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva 3, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Irma Virant-Klun
- Clinical Research Centre, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 2, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
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10
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Ouidir M, Jedynak P, Rolland M, Lyon-Caen S, Thomsen C, Sakhi AK, Sabaredzovic A, Bayat S, Slama R, Philippat C. Analyzing the impact of phthalate and DINCH exposure on fetal growth in a cohort with repeated urine collection. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 186:108584. [PMID: 38513557 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most previous studies investigating the associations between prenatal exposure to phthalates and fetal growth relied on measurements of phthalate metabolites at a single time point. They also focused on weight at birth without assessing growth over pregnancy, preventing the identification of potential periods of fetal vulnerability. We examined the associations between pregnancy urinary phthalate metabolites and fetal growth outcomes measured twice during pregnancy and at birth. METHODS For 484 pregnant women, we assessed 13 phthalate and two 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid, diisononyl ester (DINCH) metabolite concentrations from two within-subject weekly pools of up to 21 urine samples (median of 18 and 34 gestational weeks, respectively). Fetal biparietal diameter, femur length, head and abdominal circumferences were measured during two routine pregnancy follow-up ultrasonographies (median 22 and 32 gestational weeks, respectively) and estimated fetal weight (EFW) was calculated. Newborn weight, length, and head circumference were measured at birth. Associations between phthalate/DINCH metabolite and growth parameters were investigated using adjusted linear regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression models. RESULTS Detection rates were above 99 % for all phthalate/DINCH metabolites. While no association was observed with birth measurements, mono-iso-butyl phthalate (MiBP) and mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) were positively associated with most fetal growth parameters measured at the second trimester. Specifically, MiBP was positively associated with biparietal diameter, head and abdominal circumferences, while MnBP was positively associated with EFW, head and abdominal circumferences, with stronger associations among males. Pregnancy MnBP was positively associated with biparietal diameter and femur length at third trimester. Mixture of phthalate/DINCH metabolites was positively associated with EFW at second trimester. CONCLUSIONS In this pregnancy cohort using repeated urine samples to assess exposure, MiBP and MnBP were associated with increased fetal growth parameters. Further investigation on the effects of phthalates on child health would be relevant for expanding current knowledge on their long-term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Ouidir
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Paulina Jedynak
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Matthieu Rolland
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Sarah Lyon-Caen
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | | | - Sam Bayat
- Department of Pulmonology and Physiology, Grenoble University Hospital, La Tronche, France; Synchrotron Radiation for Biomedicine Laboratory (STROBE), Inserm UA07, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Rémy Slama
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Claire Philippat
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
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11
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Yao YN, Wang Y, Zhang H, Gao Y, Zhang T, Kannan K. A review of sources, pathways, and toxic effects of human exposure to benzophenone ultraviolet light filters. ECO-ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH (ONLINE) 2024; 3:30-44. [PMID: 38162868 PMCID: PMC10757257 DOI: 10.1016/j.eehl.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Benzophenone ultraviolet light filters (BPs) are high-production-volume chemicals extensively used in personal care products, leading to widespread human exposure. Given their estrogenic properties, the potential health risks associated with exposure to BPs have become a public health concern. This review aims to summarize sources and pathways of exposure to BPs and associated health risks. Dermal exposure, primarily through the use of sunscreens, constitutes a major pathway for BP exposure. At a recommended application rate, dermal exposure of BP-3 via the application of sunscreens may reach or exceed the suggested reference dose. Other exposure pathways to BPs, such as drinking water, seafood, and packaged foods, contribute minimal to the overall dose. Inhalation is a minor pathway of exposure; however, its contribution cannot be ignored. Human exposure to BPs is an order of magnitude higher in North America than in Asia and Europe. Studies conducted on laboratory animals and cells have consistently demonstrated the toxic effects of BP exposure. BPs are estrogenic and elicit reproductive and developmental toxicities. Furthermore, neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and carcinogenicity have been reported from chronic BP exposure. In addition to animal and cell studies, epidemiological investigations have identified associations between BPs and couples' fecundity and other reproductive disorders, as well as adverse birth outcomes. Further studies are urgently needed to understand the risks posed by BPs on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Yao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - You Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hengling Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yanxia Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, NY 12237, USA
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12
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Pang L, Chen D, Wei H, Lan L, Li J, Xu Q, Li H, Lu C, Tang Q, Hu W, Wu W. Effect of prenatal exposure to phthalates on birth weight of offspring: A meta-analysis. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 124:108532. [PMID: 38181866 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to phthalates is common. However, its effect on birth weight has always been met with conflicting conclusions. To explore the effects of prenatal phthalate exposure on neonatal weight, we searched PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), Cochrane Library, and Embase databases for articles published up to October 24, 2023. Observational studies with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were included. Our findings indicate no significant association between either mixed exposure effects or single phthalate metabolites and offspring birth weight when monitoring maternal urine phthalate metabolites. When stratified by sex, ΣHMWPs and MMP significantly reduced the birth weight of female offspring (ΣHMWPs: Pooled β = -62.08, 95%CI: -123.11 to -1.05, P = 0.046; MMP: Pooled β = -10.77, 95%CI: -18.74 to -2.80, P = 0.008). The results of subgroup analysis showed that ΣPAEs and ΣDEHP significantly decreased birth weight in the specific gravity correction group (ΣPAEs: Pooled estimates = -29.31, 95%CI: -58.52 to -0.10, P = 0.049; ΣDEHP: Pooled estimates = -18.25, 95%CI: -33.03 to -3.47, P = 0.016), and MECPP showed a positive correlation in the creatinine correction group (MECPP: Pooled estimates = 18.45, 95%CI: 0.13 to 36.77, P = 0.048). MEP and MBzP were negatively associated with birth weight in the no adjustment for gestational age group (MEP: Pooled estimates = -7.70, 95%CI: -14.19 to -1.21, P = 0.020; MBzP: Pooled estimates = -9.55, 95%CI: -16.08 to -3.03, P = 0.004). To make the results more convincing, more high-quality studies with large samples are urgently required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Pang
- The affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Danrong Chen
- The affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongcheng Wei
- The affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linchen Lan
- The affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinhui Li
- Department of Urology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Qiaoqiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huijun Li
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China
| | - Chuncheng Lu
- The affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiuqin Tang
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China.
| | - Weiyue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wei Wu
- The affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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13
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Yu J, Gong Y, Nair P, Liggio J, Peng H, Abbatt JPD. Multiphase Ozonolysis of Bisphenol A: Chemical Transformations on Surfaces in the Environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:3931-3941. [PMID: 38349611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
High global plastic production volumes have led to the widespread presence of bisphenol compounds in human living and working environments. The most common bisphenol, bisphenol A (BPA), despite being endocrine disruptive and estrogenic, is still not fully banned worldwide, leading to continued human exposure via particles in air, dust, and surfaces in both outdoor and indoor environments. While its abundance is well documented, few studies have addressed the chemical transformations of BPA, the properties of its reactive products, and their toxicity. Here, the first gas-surface multiphase ozonolysis experiment of BPA thin films, at a constant ozone mixing ratio of 100 ppb, was performed in a flow tube for periods up to 24 h. Three transformation products involving the addition of 1, 2, and 3 oxygen atoms to the molecule were identified by LC-ESI-HRMS analyses. Exposure of indoor air to thin BPA surface films and BPA-containing thermal paper over periods of days validated the flow tube experiments, demonstrating the rapid nature of this multiphase ozonolysis reaction at atmospherically relevant ozone levels. Multiple transformation pathways are proposed that are likely applicable to not only BPA but also emerging commercial bisphenol products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Yufeng Gong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Pranav Nair
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - John Liggio
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T4, Canada
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Jonathan P D Abbatt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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14
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Puche-Juarez M, Toledano JM, Moreno-Fernandez J, Gálvez-Ontiveros Y, Rivas A, Diaz-Castro J, Ochoa JJ. The Role of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Gestation and Pregnancy Outcomes. Nutrients 2023; 15:4657. [PMID: 37960310 PMCID: PMC10648368 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous substances widely disseminated both in the environment and in daily-life products which can interfere with the regulation and function of the endocrine system. These substances have gradually entered the food chain, being frequently found in human blood and urine samples. This becomes a particularly serious issue when they reach vulnerable populations such as pregnant women, whose hormones are more unstable and vulnerable to EDCs. The proper formation and activity of the placenta, and therefore embryonic development, may get seriously affected by the presence of these chemicals, augmenting the risk of several pregnancy complications, including intrauterine growth restriction, preterm birth, preeclampsia, and gestational diabetes mellitus, among others. Additionally, some of them also exert a detrimental impact on fertility, thus hindering the reproductive process from the beginning. In several cases, EDCs even induce cross-generational effects, inherited by future generations through epigenetic mechanisms. These are the reasons why a proper understanding of the reproductive and gestational alterations derived from these substances is needed, along with efforts to establish regulations and preventive measures in order to avoid exposition (especially during this particular stage of life).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Puche-Juarez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.P.-J.); (J.J.O.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan M. Toledano
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.P.-J.); (J.J.O.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Jorge Moreno-Fernandez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.P.-J.); (J.J.O.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS), 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Yolanda Gálvez-Ontiveros
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Rivas
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS), 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Diaz-Castro
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.P.-J.); (J.J.O.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS), 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Julio J. Ochoa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.P.-J.); (J.J.O.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS), 18016 Granada, Spain;
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15
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Merrill AK, Sobolewski M, Susiarjo M. Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals impacts immunological and metabolic status of women during pregnancy. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 577:112031. [PMID: 37506868 PMCID: PMC10592265 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa K Merrill
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Marissa Sobolewski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Martha Susiarjo
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA.
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Santovito A, Pappalardo A, Nota A, Prearo M, Schleicherová D. Lymnaea stagnalis and Ophryotrocha diadema as Model Organisms for Studying Genotoxicological and Physiological Effects of Benzophenone-3. TOXICS 2023; 11:827. [PMID: 37888678 PMCID: PMC10610920 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11100827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) is a lipophilic organic compound that occurs naturally in flower pigments. Since it adsorbs ultraviolet (UV) radiation in the UVA and UVB regions, it is one of the most common UV filters found in sunscreen and cosmetic products. We explored by in vivo micronuclei (MNi) assay the genotoxic effects of BP-3 on hemocytes from the freshwater gastropod Lymnaea stagnalis. We also studied its possible toxic effects on life-history traits: body growth in L. stagnalis and egg production of both L. stagnalis and the marine polychaete worm Ophryotrocha diadema. Adult individuals were exposed to increasing concentrations of BP-3 (0.025, 0.050, 0.100, and 0.200 mg/L) once a week for 4 weeks. In L. stagnalis, exposure to BP-3 at concentrations of both 0.2 and 0.1 mg/L produced genotoxic effects on the micronuclei frequencies, but only concentrations of 0.2 mg/L affected the NBUDs frequencies. Similarly, negative effects on body growth were observed at the concentrations of 0.2 and 0.1 mg/L and a significant reduction of egg production at 0.2 mg/L. In O. diadema, a negative correlation between egg production and increasing BP-3 concentrations was observed. Our findings suggest the need for more stringent measures to reduce the presence of BP-3 in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Santovito
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (A.P.); (A.N.); (D.S.)
| | - Alessia Pappalardo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (A.P.); (A.N.); (D.S.)
| | - Alessandro Nota
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (A.P.); (A.N.); (D.S.)
| | - Marino Prearo
- IZS PLV (Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta), Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy;
| | - Dáša Schleicherová
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (A.P.); (A.N.); (D.S.)
- IZS PLV (Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta), Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy;
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17
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Dewey D, Martin JW, MacDonald AM, Kinniburgh DW, Letourneau N, Giesbrecht GF, Field CJ, Bell RC, England-Mason G. Sex-specific associations between maternal phthalate exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes in children at 2 years of age in the APrON cohort. Neurotoxicology 2023; 98:48-60. [PMID: 37517784 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is inconsistent evidence regarding the sex-specific associations between prenatal phthalate exposure and children's neurodevelopment. This could be due to differences in the phthalate exposures investigated and the neurodevelopmental domains assessed. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the associations between prenatal phthalate exposure and sex-specific outcomes on measures of cognition, language, motor, executive function, and behaviour in children 2 years of age in the Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON) cohort. METHODS We evaluated the associations between prenatal phthalate exposure and sex-specific neurodevelopmental outcomes in children at 2 years of age using data from 448 mothers and their children (222 girls, 226 boys). Nine phthalate metabolites were measured in maternal urine collected in the second trimester of pregnancy. Children's cognitive, language, and motor outcomes were assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development - Third Edition (Bayley-III). Parents completed questionnaires on children's executive function and behavior, the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function- Preschool Version (BRIEF-P) and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), respectively. Sex-stratified robust multivariate regressions were performed. RESULTS Higher maternal concentrations of ΣDEHP and its metabolites were associated with lower scores on the Bayley-III Cognitive (β's from -11.8 to -0.07 95% CI's from -21.3 to -0.01), Language (β's from -11.7 to -0. 09, 95% CI's from -22.3 to -0.02) and Motor (β's from -10.9 to -0.07, 95% CI from -20.4 to -0.01) composites in boys. The patterns of association in girls were in the opposite direction on the Cognitive and Language composites; on the Motor composite they were in the same direction as boys, but of reduced strength. Higher concentrations of ΣDEHP and its metabolites were associated with higher scores (i.e., more difficulties) on all measures of executive function in girls: inhibitory self-control (B's from 0.05 to 0.11, 95% CI s from -0.01 to 0.15), flexibility (B's from 0.04 to 0.11, 95% CI s from 0.01 to 0.21) and emergent metacognition (B's from -0.01 to 0.06, 95% CIs from -0.01 to 0.20). Similar patterns of attenuated associations were seen in boys. Higher concentrations of ΣDEHP and its metabolites were associated with more Externalizing Problems in girls and boys (B's from 0.03 to 6.82, 95% CIs from -0.08 to 12.0). Two phthalates, MMP and MBP, had sex-specific adverse associations on measures of executive function and behaviour, respectively, while MEP was positively associated with boys' cognitive, language, and motor performance. Limited associations were observed between mixtures of maternal phthalates and sex-specific neurodevelopmental outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Maternal prenatal concentrations of DEHP phthalates were associated with sex specific difference on measures of cognition and language at 2 years of age, specifically, poorer outcomes in boys. Higher exposure to DEHP was associated with poorer motor, executive function, and behavioural outcomes in girls and boys but the strength of these associations differed by sex. Limited associations were noted between phthalate mixtures and child neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Dewey
- Department of Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Owerko Centre, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Jonathan W Martin
- Department of Environmental Science, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amy M MacDonald
- Alberta Centre for Toxicology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - David W Kinniburgh
- Alberta Centre for Toxicology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nicole Letourneau
- Department of Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Owerko Centre, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Faculty of Nursing, Univerity of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gerald F Giesbrecht
- Department of Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Owerko Centre, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutrition Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rhonda C Bell
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutrition Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gillian England-Mason
- Department of Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Owerko Centre, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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18
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Chen H, Zhang W, Sun X, Zhou Y, Li J, Zhao H, Xia W, Xu S, Cai Z, Li Y. Prenatal exposure to multiple environmental chemicals and birth size. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023:10.1038/s41370-023-00568-4. [PMID: 37422589 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-023-00568-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies addressing the combined effects of exposure to chemical mixtures at different stages of pregnancy on birth size are scarce. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between prenatal exposure to chemical mixtures and birth size. METHODS Our previous study repeatedly measured the urinary concentrations of 34 chemical substances among 743 pregnant women and identified three distinct clusters of exposed population and six dominant principal components of exposed chemicals in each trimester. In this study, we assessed the associations of these exposure profiles with birth weight, birth length, and ponderal index using multivariable linear regression. RESULTS We found that compared with women in cluster 1 (lower urinary chemical concentrations), women in cluster 2 (higher urinary concentrations of metals, benzothiazole, benzotriazole, and some phenols), and women in cluster 3 (higher urinary concentrations of phthalates) were more likely to give birth to children with higher birth length [0.23 cm (95% CI: -0.03, 0.49); 0.29 cm (95%CI: 0.03, 0.54), respectively]. This association was observed only in 1st trimester. In addition, prenatal exposure to PC3 (higher benzophenones loading) was associated with reduced birth length across pregnancy [-0.07 cm (95% CI: -0.18, 0.03) in 1st and 2nd trimester; -0.13 cm (95% CI: -0.24, -0.03) in 3rd trimester]. Exposure to PC6 (higher thallium and BPA loading in 2nd trimester) was associated with increased birth length [0.15 cm (95% CI: 0.05, 0.26)]. Compared with other outcomes, associations of both clusters and PCs with birth length were stronger, and these associations were more pronounced in boys. IMPACT STATEMENT Exposure to multiple chemicals simultaneously, the actual exposure situation of pregnant women, was associated with birth size, indicating that chemical mixtures should be taken more seriously when studying the health effects of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- Institute of Maternal and Children Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqiu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiufeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Institute of Maternal and Children Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Jin S, Cui S, Xu J, Zhang X. Associations between prenatal exposure to phthalates and birth weight: A meta-analysis study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115207. [PMID: 37393820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that phthalates are associated with birth weight. However, most phthalate metabolites have not been fully explored. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to assess the relationship between phthalate exposure and birth weight. We identified original studies that measured phthalate exposure and reported its association with infant birth weight in relevant databases. Regression coefficients (β) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted and analyzed for risk estimation. Fixed-effects (I2 ≤ 50%) or random-effects (I2 > 50%) models were adopted according to their heterogeneity. Overall summary estimates indicated negative associations of prenatal exposure to mono-n-butyl phthalate (pooled β = -11.34 g; 95% CI: -20.98 to -1.70 g) and mono-methyl phthalate (pooled β = -8.78 g; 95% CI: -16.30 to -1.27 g). No statistical association was found between the other less commonly used phthalate metabolites and birth weight. Subgroup analyses indicated that exposure to mono-n-butyl phthalate was associated with birth weight in females (β = -10.74 g; 95% CI: -18.70 to -2.79 g). Our findings indicate that phthalate exposure might be a risk factor for low birth weight and that this relationship may be sex specific. More research is needed to promote preventive policies regarding the potential health hazards of phthalates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Jin
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Shanshan Cui
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jinghan Xu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin 300070, PR China.
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20
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Teiri H, Samaei MR, Dehghani M, Azhdarpoor A, Mohammadi F, Kelishadi R, Hajizadeh Y. Maternal exposure to benzophenone derivatives and their impacts on offspring's birth outcomes in a Middle Eastern population. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9484. [PMID: 37301947 PMCID: PMC10257379 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35380-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Widespread use of benzophenones (BPs), a group of environmental phenolic compounds, is suspected of interfering with human health. The association of prenatal exposure to benzophenone derivatives with birth outcomes including birth weight and length, head, arm and thoracic circumference, abnormalities, corpulence index and anterior fontanelle diameter (AFD) was investigated. Mother-infant pairs of 166 within PERSIAN cohort population in Isfahan, Iran, in the 1st and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy were assessed. Four common benzophenone metabolites including 2,4-dihydroxy benzophenone (BP-1), 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzophenone (BP-3), 4-hydroxy benzophenone (4-OH-BP) and 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxy benzophenone (BP-8) were measured in maternal urine samples. The median concentration of 4-OH-BP, BP-3, BP-1 and BP-8 were 3.15, 16.98, 9.95 and 1.04 µg/g Cr, respectively. In the 1st trimester, 4-OH-BP showed a significant correlation with AFD in total infants, decreasing 0.034 cm AFD per a log unit increase of 4-OH-BP. Within the male neonates, 4-OH-BP in the 1st and BP-8 in the 3rd trimester were significantly associated with head circumference and AFD increase, respectively. Among female neonates in the 3rd trimester, increasing 4-OH-BP and BP-3 concentration was correlated with a decrease in birth weight and AFD, respectively. This study demonstrated that all the target BP derivatives can influence normal fetal growth at any age of the pregnancy, nevertheless, to support these findings further studies are needed in a large and different group population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakimeh Teiri
- Student Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Samaei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mansooreh Dehghani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Abooalfazl Azhdarpoor
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Hajizadeh
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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21
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Chen Y, Feuerstahler L, Martinez-Steele E, Buckley JP, Liu SH. Phthalate mixtures and insulin resistance: an item response theory approach to quantify exposure burden to phthalate mixtures. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023:10.1038/s41370-023-00535-z. [PMID: 36966251 PMCID: PMC10580272 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-023-00535-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molar sums are often used to quantify total phthalate exposure, but they do not capture patterns of exposure to multiple phthalates. OBJECTIVE To introduce an exposure burden score method for quantifying exposure to phthalate metabolites and examine the association between phthalate burden scores and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). METHODS We applied item response theory (IRT) to data from 3474 adults aged 20-60 years in the 2013-2018 National Health and Examination Survey (NHANES) to quantify latent phthalate exposure burden from 12 phthalate metabolites. We compared model fits of three IRT models that used different a priori groupings (general phthalate burden; low molecular weight (LMW) and high molecular weight (HMW) burdens; and LMW, HMW and DEHP burden), and used the best fitting model to estimate phthalate exposure burden scores. Regression models assessed the covariate-adjusted association between phthalate burden scores and HOMA-IR. We compared findings to those using molar sums. In secondary analyses, we examined how the IRT model could be used for data harmonization when a subset of participants are missing some phthalate metabolites, and accounted for measurement error of the phthalate burden scores in estimating associations with HOMA-IR through a resampling approach using plausible value imputation. RESULTS A three correlated factors model (LMW, HMW and DEHP burdens) provided the best fit. One interquartile range (IQR) increase in DEHP burden score was associated with 0.094 (95% CI: 0.022, 0.164, p = 0.010) increase in log HOMA-IR, co-adjusted for LMW and HMW burden scores. Findings were consistent when using log molar sums. Associations of phthalate burden and insulin resistance were also consistent when participants were simulated to be missing some phthalate metabolites, and when we accounted for measurement error in estimating burden scores. CONCLUSION Both phthalate molar sums and burden scores are sensitive to associations with insulin resistance. Phthalate burden scores may be useful for data harmonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Chen
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Jessie P Buckley
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shelley H Liu
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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22
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Eftekhari A, Morrison GC. Exposure to oxybenzone from sunscreens: daily transdermal uptake estimation. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 33:283-291. [PMID: 34531536 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-021-00383-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fugacity, the driving force for transdermal uptake of chemicals, can be difficult to predict based only on the composition of complex, non-ideal mixtures such as personal care products. OBJECTIVE Compare the predicted transdermal uptake of benzophenone-3 (BP-3) from sunscreen lotions, based on direct measurements of BP-3 fugacity in those products, to results of human subject experiments. METHODS We measured fugacity relative to pure BP-3, for commercial sunscreens and laboratory mixtures, using a previously developed/solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method. The measured fugacity was combined with a transdermal uptake model to simulate urinary excretion rates of BP-3 resulting from sunscreen use. The model simulations were based on the reported conditions of four previously published human subject studies, accounting for area applied, time applied, showering and other factors. RESULTS The fugacities of commercial lotions containing 3-6% w/w BP-3 were ~20% of the supercooled liquid vapor pressure. Simulated dermal uptake, based on these fugacities, are within a factor of 3 of the mean results reported from two human-subject studies. However, the model significantly underpredicts total excreted mass from two other human-subject studies. This discrepancy may be due to limitations in model inputs, such as fugacity of BP-3 in lotions used in those studies. SIGNIFICANCE The results suggest that combining measured fugacity with such a model may provide order-of-magnitude accurate predictions of transdermal uptake of BP-3 from daily application of sunscreen products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azin Eftekhari
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Glenn C Morrison
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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23
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Kuiper JR, Pan S, Lanphear BP, Calafat AM, Chen A, Cecil KM, Xu Y, Yolton K, Kalkwarf HJ, Braun JM, Buckley JP. Associations of maternal gestational urinary environmental phenols concentrations with bone mineral density among 12-year-old children in the HOME Study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 248:114104. [PMID: 36525700 PMCID: PMC9898141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life environmental exposures may affect bone mass accrual in childhood, but only one study has assessed the role of environmental phenols on child bone health. METHODS We used data from 223 mother-child dyads enrolled in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study (Cincinnati, OH; 2003-2006). We quantified benzophenone-3, bisphenol A (BPA), 2,5-dichlorophenol, and triclosan in maternal urine collected at 16- and 26-weeks gestation and calculated the average of creatinine-adjusted concentrations. We performed dual x-ray absorptiometry at age 12 years and calculated Z-scores for whole body (less head), total hip, femoral neck, and 1/3rd distal radius bone mineral content (BMC) and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) as well as ultra-distal radius aBMD and spine BMC and bone mineral apparent density (BMAD). We estimated covariate-adjusted associations per doubling of maternal urinary environmental phenol concentrations in linear regression models. We also examined effect measure modification by child's sex and estimated associations of the environmental phenol mixture with BMC and aBMD using quantile g-computation. RESULTS We observed generally null associations for all analytes and bone measures. Yet, in adjusted models, higher urinary 2,5-dichlorophenol concentrations were associated with higher 1/3rd distal radius BMC (β: 0.09; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.17) and aBMD (β: 0.09; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.17) Z-scores in the overall sample. In sex-stratified analyses, the magnitude of the BMC association was positive for females (β: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.26) and null for males (β: 0.02; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.13). The environmental phenol mixture was associated with greater 1/3rd distal radius BMC and aBMD Z-scores in both sexes, which was mostly driven by benzophenone-3 in males and 2,5-dichlorophenol in females. CONCLUSION In this prospective cohort study, we observed generally null associations for environmental phenols with BMC and aBMD at age 12 years. While there was a positive association of 2,5-dichlorophenol concentrations during fetal development with distal radius BMC and aBMD at age 12 years, future studies utilizing methods capable of differentiating cortical and trabecular bone are needed to elucidate potential mechanisms and implications for bone strength and microarchitecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan R Kuiper
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Shudi Pan
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Kim M Cecil
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Yingying Xu
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Heidi J Kalkwarf
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Jessie P Buckley
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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24
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Wang H, Cui Y, Zhang F, Song R, Zhao L, Han M, Shen X. Association between urinary phthalate metabolites and hyperuricemia in US adults. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:41445-41459. [PMID: 36633744 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-25051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate metabolites have been detected from urine in most of the US population and have become a public health problem. However, the association between phthalate metabolites and hyperuricemia has been scarcely studied so far. We aimed to evaluate if phthalate metabolites were associated with hyperuricemia in US adults. A total of 8816 participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2018 were included in our study. We used multivariable logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models to explore the association between urinary phthalate metabolites and hyperuricemia. Then, stratified analyses were conducted by sex and age. The prevalence of hyperuricemia in the study sample was 20.35%. Compared to the lowest quantile, the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for hyperuricemia were all statistically significant in following phthalate metabolites: 1.34 (1.13-1.58) for the second quartile in Mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP), 1.21 (1.01-1.46) for the highest quartile in Mono-(carboxyoctyl) phthalate (MCOP), 0.66 (0.56-0.76) for the second quartile in Mono-(2-ethyl)-hexyl phthalate (MEHP), 1.22 (1.05-1.43) for quartile 2 in Benzyl butyl phthalate (ΣBBP), and 1.43 (1.22-1.66) for the third quartile in high molecular-weight phthalate (ΣHigh MWP), respectively. Our results indicate that several urinary phthalate metabolites are positively associated with the odds of hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Medical College of Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Rd, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yixin Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Medical College of Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Rd, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Medical College of Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Rd, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ruihan Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Medical College of Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Rd, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Longzhu Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Medical College of Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Rd, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Miaomiao Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Medical College of Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Rd, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiaoli Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Medical College of Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Rd, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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25
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Mustieles V, Balogh RK, Axelstad M, Montazeri P, Márquez S, Vrijheid M, Draskau MK, Taxvig C, Peinado FM, Berman T, Frederiksen H, Fernández MF, Marie Vinggaard A, Andersson AM. Benzophenone-3: Comprehensive review of the toxicological and human evidence with meta-analysis of human biomonitoring studies. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 173:107739. [PMID: 36805158 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) and its major metabolite benzophenone-1 (BP-1) are widely used as UV filters in sunscreens and cosmetics to prevent sunburn and skin damage, or as stabilizers to prevent photodegradation in many commercial products. As a result, their presence is ubiquitous in the environment, wildlife and humans. Based on endocrine disruption concerns, international regulatory agencies are performing a closer evaluation. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS This work aimed to comprehensively review the available human relevant evidence for safety issues in MEDLINE/PubMed in order to create a structured database of studies, as well as to conduct an integrative analysis as part of the Human Biomonitoring for Europe (HBM4EU) Initiative. RESULTS A total of 1,635 titles and abstracts were screened and 254 references were evaluated and tabulated in detail, and classified in different categories: i) exposure sources and predictors; ii) human biomonitoring (HBM) exposure levels to perform a meta-analysis; iii) toxicokinetic data in both experimental animals and humans; iv) in vitro and in vivo rodent toxicity studies; and v) human data on effect biomarkers and health outcomes. Our integrative analysis showed that internal peak BP-3 concentrations achieved after a single whole-body application of a commercially available sunscreen (4% w/w) may overlap with concentrations eliciting endocrine disrupting effects in vitro, and with internal concentrations causing in vivo adverse female reproductive effects in rodents that were supported by still limited human data. The adverse effects in rodents included prolonged estrous cycle, altered uterine estrogen receptor gene expression, endometrium hyperplasia and altered proliferation and histology of the mammary gland, while human data indicated menstrual cycle hormonal alterations and increased risk of uterine fibroids and endometriosis. Among the modes of action reported (estrogenic, anti-androgenic, thyroid, etc.), BP-3 and especially BP-1 showed estrogenic activity at human-relevant concentrations, in agreement with the observed alterations in female reproductive endpoints. The meta-analysis of HBM studies identified a higher concern for North Americans, showing urinary BP-3 concentrations on average 10 and 20 times higher than European and Asian populations, respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our work supports that these benzophenones present endocrine disrupting properties, endorsing recent European regulatory efforts to limit human exposure. The reproducible and comprehensive database generated may constitute a point of departure in future risk assessments to support regulatory initiatives. Meanwhile, individuals should not refrain from sunscreen use. Commercially available formulations using inorganic UV filters that are practically not absorbed into systemic circulation may be recommended to susceptible populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Mustieles
- University of Granada, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Ria K Balogh
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marta Axelstad
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Parisa Montazeri
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Márquez
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica K Draskau
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Camilla Taxvig
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Francisco M Peinado
- University of Granada, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Tamar Berman
- Department of Environmental Health, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem 9101002, Israel
| | - Hanne Frederiksen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mariana F Fernández
- University of Granada, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
| | | | - Anna-Maria Andersson
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Chromatin modifiers: A new class of pollutants with potential epigenetic effects revealed by in vitro assays and transcriptomic analyses. Toxicology 2023; 484:153413. [PMID: 36581016 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A great variety of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been used extensively and become widespread in the environment nowadays. Limited mammalian studies have shown that certain EDCs may target chromosome and epigenome of the germline, leading to adverse effects in subsequent generations, despite these progenies having never been exposed to the EDC before. However, the underlying mechanisms of chromosomal changes induced by these pollutants remain poorly known. Using the human ovarian granulosa tumor cell line COV434 as a model, we investigated and compared the transcriptomic changes induced by nine EDCs with diverse chemical structures (i.e. BDE-47, BPA, BP-3, DEHP, DHP, EE2, TCS, TDCPP and NP), to inquire if there is any common epigenetic modification associated with reproductive functions induced by these EDCs. Our results showed that COV434 cells were more responsive to BP-3, NP, DEHP and EE2, and more importantly, these four EDCs altered the expression of gene clusters related to DNA damage response, cell cycle, proliferation, and chromatin remodeling, which can potentially lead to epigenetic modifications and transgenerational inheritance. Furthermore, dysregulation of similar gene clusters was common in DEHP and NP treatments. Bioinformatics analysis further revealed that BP-3 disturbed signaling pathways associated with reproductive functions, whereas alterations in telomere-related pathways were highlighted upon EE2 exposure. Overall, this study highlighted chromatin modifications caused by a class of chemicals which that may potentially lead to epigenetic changes and transgenerational reproductive impairments.
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Wu Y, Venier M. High levels of synthetic antioxidants and ultraviolet filters in children's car seats. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158637. [PMID: 36096214 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Forty-seven compounds among synthetic phenolic and amino antioxidants and ultraviolet filters, three suites of widely used chemical additives, were measured in eighteen popular children's car seats (fabric, foam, and laminated composites of both layers) marketed in the United States in 2018. Significantly higher levels of target compounds were found in foam and composite samples than in fabric samples. Median total concentrations of phenolic antioxidants and their transformation products ranged from 8.11 μg/g in fabric to 213 μg/g in foam In general, isooctyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate (AO-1135) and 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (24-DBP) were the most abundant among all target compounds with maximum levels of526 μg/g in composite and 13.7 μg/g, respectively. The total concentrations of amino antioxidants and their transformation products and of ultraviolet filters were at least one order of magnitude lower than those of phenolic antioxidants, with medians of 0.15-37.1 μg/g and 0.29-1.81 μg/g, respectively, in which the predominant congeners were 4-tert-butyl diphenylamine (BDPA), 4,4'-di-tert-butyl diphenylamine (DBDPA), 4-tert-octyl diphenylamine (ODPA), 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (BP-1), 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (BP-3), and 2-(2-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-methylphenol (UV-P). Large variabilities in usage of these chemicals resulted in different compositional patterns among the car seats. These results suggest that these compounds are major polymeric additives in children's car seats as they are present at greater levels than previously measured groups of chemicals like brominated flame retardants and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances. Given the documented toxic potentials of synthetic antioxidants and ultraviolet filters, their abundances in children products are a cause for concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States; Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Marta Venier
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States.
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Rosen Vollmar AK, Weinberg CR, Baird DD, Wilcox AJ, Calafat AM, Deziel NC, Johnson CH, Jukic AMZ. Urinary phenol concentrations and fecundability and early pregnancy loss. Hum Reprod 2023; 38:139-155. [PMID: 36346334 PMCID: PMC10089295 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are urinary phenol concentrations of methylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben, triclosan, benzophenone-3, 2,4-dichlorophenol or 2,5-dichlorophenol associated with fecundability and early pregnancy loss? SUMMARY ANSWER 2,5-dichlorophenol concentrations were associated with an increased odds of early pregnancy loss, and higher concentrations of butylparaben and triclosan were associated with an increase in fecundability. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Phenols are chemicals with endocrine-disrupting potential found in everyday products. Despite plausible mechanisms of phenol reproductive toxicity, there are inconsistent results across few epidemiologic studies examining phenol exposure and reproductive function in non-fertility treatment populations. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Specimens and data were from the North Carolina Early Pregnancy Study prospective cohort of 221 women attempting to conceive naturally from 1982 to 1986. This analysis includes data from 221 participants across 706 menstrual cycles, with 135 live births, 15 clinical miscarriages and 48 early pregnancy losses (before 42 days after the last menstrual period). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Participants collected daily first-morning urine specimens. For each menstrual cycle, aliquots from three daily specimens across the cycle were pooled within individuals and analyzed for phenol concentrations. To assess sample repeatability, we calculated intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for each phenol. We evaluated associations between phenol concentrations from pooled samples and time to pregnancy using discrete-time logistic regression and generalized estimating equations (GEE), and early pregnancy loss using multivariable logistic regression and GEE. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE ICCs for within-person variability across menstrual cycles in pooled phenol concentrations ranged from 0.42 to 0.75. There was an increased odds of early pregnancy loss with 2,5-dichlorophenol concentrations although the CIs were wide (5th vs 1st quintile odds ratio (OR): 4.79; 95% CI: 1.06, 21.59). There was an increased per-cycle odds of conception at higher concentrations of butylparaben (OR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.08, 2.44) and triclosan (OR: 1.49; 95% CI: 0.99, 2.26) compared to non-detectable concentrations. No associations were observed between these endpoints and concentrations of other phenols examined. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Limitations include the absence of phenol measurements for male partners and a limited sample size, especially for the outcome of early pregnancy loss, which reduced our power to detect associations. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This study is the first to use repeated pooled measures to summarize phenol exposure and the first to investigate associations with fecundability and early pregnancy loss. Within-person phenol concentration variability underscores the importance of collecting repeated samples for future studies. Exposure misclassification could contribute to differences between the findings of this study and those of other studies, all of which used one urine sample to assess phenol exposure. This study also contributes to the limited literature probing potential associations between environmental exposures and early pregnancy loss, which is a challenging outcome to study as it typically occurs before a pregnancy is clinically recognized. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This research was supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (award number F31ES030594), the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (project numbers ES103333 and ES103086) and a doctoral fellowship at the Yale School of Public Health. The authors declare they have no competing interests to disclose. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana K Rosen Vollmar
- Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Clarice R Weinberg
- Biostatistics & Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle, NC, USA
| | - Donna D Baird
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle, NC, USA
| | - Allen J Wilcox
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle, NC, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Organic Analytical Toxicology Branch, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nicole C Deziel
- Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Caroline H Johnson
- Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anne Marie Z Jukic
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle, NC, USA
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Carrasco-Wong I, González-Ortiz M, Araujo GG, Lima VV, Giachini FR, Stojanova J, Moller A, Martín SS, Escudero P, Damiano AE, Sosa-Macias M, Galaviz-Hernandez C, Teran E, Escudero C. The Placental Function Beyond Pregnancy: Insights from Latin America. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1428:287-307. [PMID: 37466779 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32554-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Currently, more than 100,000 papers had been published studying the placenta in both physiological and pathological contexts. However, relevant health conditions affecting placental function, mostly found in low-income countries, should be evaluated deeper. This review will raise some - of what we think necessary - points of discussion regarding challenging topics not fully understood, including the paternal versus maternal contribution on placental genes imprinting, placenta-brain communication, and some environmental conditions affecting the placenta. The discussions are parts of an international effort to fulfil some gaps observed in this area, and Latin-American research groups currently evaluate that.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Carrasco-Wong
- Cellular Signaling and Differentiation Laboratory (CSDL), School of Medical Technology, Medicine and Science Faculty, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo González-Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Investigación Materno-Fetal (LIMaF), Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health), Chillan, Chile
| | - Gabriel Gomes Araujo
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences and Health, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Barra do Garcas, Brazil
| | - Victor V Lima
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences and Health, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Barra do Garcas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda R Giachini
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences and Health, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Barra do Garcas, Brazil
| | - Jana Stojanova
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Studies (CIESAL), Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Alejandra Moller
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Sebastián San Martín
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health), Chillan, Chile
- Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Pablo Escudero
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad San Sebastian, Sede Concepcion, Chile
| | - Alicia E Damiano
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO)- CONICET- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martha Sosa-Macias
- Genomics Academia, Instituto Politécnico Nacional-CIIDIR Durango, Durango, Mexico
| | | | - Enrique Teran
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Carlos Escudero
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health), Chillan, Chile.
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bio-Bio, Chillan, Chile.
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Gao H, Geng ML, Tong J, Wang BL, Huang K, Zhang Y, Gan H, Zhu BB, Ding P, Wang QN, Wang JQ, Zhang C, Zhu P, Tao FB. Combined effects of prenatal phthalate exposure on cardiometabolic risk score among 4- to 7-year-old children: MABC study. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:137135. [PMID: 36343738 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
There is currently no consensus about the impact of prenatal phthalate exposure on blood pressure and glycolipids in children. Few studies consider the health effects as an integrated indicator. The combined effect of multiple phthalate exposures is often ignored. Based on the Ma'anshan Birth Cohort, 2298 woman-child pairs were included in this study. Maternal urine was collected in each trimester to analyze 6 phthalate metabolites. The overall cardiometabolic risk (CMR) score was calculated based on serum glycolipids and blood pressure for children aged 4-7 years. A higher score represents a less favorable CMR profile. The restricted cubic spline model was used to explore the relationship between prenatal phthalate exposure and childhood CMR score. In addition, the quantile g-computation and the Bayesian kernel machine regression were used to evaluate the combined effect. The MBP exposure in the 1st trimester (MBP-1st) and the MEP-2nd were non-linearly associated with the CMR score (Fnonlinear = 3.28 and 5.60, Pnonlinear = 0.0378 and 0.0038, respectively). The MBP-3rd (Flinear = 5.31, Plinear = 0.0012) and the ∑LMWP-3rd (Flinear = 4.37, Plinear = 0.0045) were negatively associated with the score in a linear manner. The phthalate mixture in the 2nd trimester increased the score (psil = 0.1747, 95% CI = 0.0077-0.3416), with the MEP being the most common [weights = 0.5290; posterior inclusion probability (PIP) = 0.40]. The phthalate mixture in the 3rd trimester decreased the score (psil = -0.2024, 95% CI = -0.4097-0.0048), with the MEHP (weights = -0.5101; PIP = 0.14) and the MBP (weights = -0.3993, PIP = 1.00) being the greatest contributors. In conclusion, the MBP-1st and the MEP-2nd are non-linearly associated with the cardiometabolic risk in children. The MBP-3rd and the ∑LMWP-3rd decrease the childhood risk. The combined exposure to phthalate mixture in the second and third trimester elevates and decreases the risk of childhood cardiometabolism, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Meng-Long Geng
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Juan Tong
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Bao-Lin Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Hong Gan
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Bei-Bei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Peng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Qu-Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jian-Qing Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Cancer Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Fang-Biao Tao
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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Peng MQ, Karvonen-Gutierrez CA, Herman WH, Mukherjee B, Park SK. Phthalate exposure is associated with more rapid body fat gain in midlife women: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) Multi-Pollutant Study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114685. [PMID: 36341787 PMCID: PMC9870605 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major threat to health, but the etiology of obesity is incompletely understood. Phthalates, synthetic chemicals ubiquitous in the environment, are suspected to have obesogenic effects, but the relationship of phthalates and obesity in humans remains uncertain. We examined whether phthalate exposure was associated with body fat gain in midlife women. We analyzed data from 1369 women in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation Multi-Pollutant Study. Eleven phthalate metabolites measured in spot urine samples at baseline (1999/2000) were standardized with covariate-adjusted creatinine. Body weight (BW), fat mass (FM) from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and body fat percentage (BF%) from DXA were measured near-annually until 2016/2017. For each metabolite, linear mixed effects models with time and log2(metabolite) interactions were examined, adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, and menopause-related factors. Analyses were conducted overall and stratified by baseline obesity status. As sensitivity analyses, all analyses were repeated using a second set of metabolites measured in 2002/2003. Higher levels of all metabolites except mono-carboxy-isononyl phthalate were associated with faster increases in BF%. Per doubling of metabolite concentrations, differences in five-year BF% change ranged from 0.03 percentage point (ppt) (95% confidence interval (CI): -0.03, 0.09) for mono-isobutyl phthalate to 0.09 ppt (95% CI: 0.02, 0.16) for mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate. Results were similar for FM change, but associations with BW change were mostly null. In stratified analyses by baseline obesity status, positive associations were strongest in women who were normal/underweight at baseline. When metabolites from 2002/2003 were used as exposures, most associations were attenuated and not statistically significant, but they remained positive for normal/underweight women. In conclusion, phthalate metabolites were associated with more rapid body fat gain in midlife women, but our results need confirmation given attenuation of estimates in the sensitivity analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Q Peng
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Carrie A Karvonen-Gutierrez
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - William H Herman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 3110 Taubman Center, SPC 5368, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Bhramar Mukherjee
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sung Kyun Park
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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Sienas L, Albright C, Ni Y, Szpiro A, Bush NR, Loftus C, Kannan K, Tylavsky F, Karr CJ, LeWinn KZ, Sathyanarayana S. Associations between Phthalate Exposure and Gestational Age at Delivery in a Diverse Pregnancy Cohort. TOXICS 2022; 10:754. [PMID: 36548587 PMCID: PMC9785862 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10120754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The association between prenatal phthalate exposure and late preterm birth (LPTB) is unclear. We examined singleton pregnancies (2006-2011) from a racially and socioeconomically diverse sample of women in the CANDLE cohort of the ECHO-PATHWAYS Consortium. Urine collected in the second and third trimester was analyzed for 14 phthalate metabolites. Multivariate logistic and linear regressions were performed for LPTB, defined as delivery 34-37 weeks, and gestational week, respectively. Models were controlled for socio-demographics, behavioral factors, clinical measurements, medical history, and phthalates in the other trimester. Effect modification by race and pregnancy stress, indicated by intimate partner violence (IPV), was investigated. We conducted a secondary analysis in women with spontaneous preterm labor. The rate of LPTB among 1408 women (61% Black, 32% White) was 6.7%. There was no evidence of decreased gestational age (GA) in association with any phthalate metabolite. Each two-fold increase in third trimester mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP) was associated with 0.08 weeks longer gestational age (95% CI: 0.03, 0.12). When restricting to women with spontaneous labor, second trimester mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP) was associated with 54% higher odds (95% CI: 2%, 132%) of LPTB. Associations were not modified by maternal race or IPV exposure. In conclusion, we observed mixed evidence concerning our hypothesis that prenatal phthalate exposure increases risk of LPTB, though secondary analyses suggest increased risk of spontaneous LPTB associated with MBP, which is consistent with a recent pooled analysis of 16 cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sienas
- Northwest Perinatal Associates, Portland, OR 97225, USA
| | - Catherine Albright
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Yu Ni
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Adam Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nicole R. Bush
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Christine Loftus
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Frances Tylavsky
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Catherine J. Karr
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kaja Z. LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Goin DE, Abrahamsson D, Wang M, Jiang T, Park JS, Sirota M, Morello-Frosch R, DeMicco E, Zlatnik MG, Woodruff TJ. Disparities in chemical exposures among pregnant women and neonates by socioeconomic and demographic characteristics: A nontargeted approach. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114158. [PMID: 36049512 PMCID: PMC10016233 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to environmental chemicals during pregnancy adversely affects maternal and infant health, and identifying socio-demographic differences in exposures can inform contributions to health inequities. METHODS We recruited 294 demographically diverse pregnant participants in San Francisco from the Mission Bay/Moffit Long (MB/ML) hospitals, which serve a primarily higher income population, and Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital (ZSFGH), which serves a lower income population. We collected maternal and cord sera, which we screened for 2420 unique formulas and their isomers using high-resolution mass spectrometry using LC-QTOF/MS. We assessed differences in chemical abundances across socioeconomic and demographic groups using linear regression adjusting for false discovery rate. RESULTS Our participants were racially diverse (31% Latinx, 16% Asian/Pacific Islander, 5% Black, 5% other or multi-race, and 43% white). A substantial portion experienced financial strain (28%) and food insecurity (20%) during pregnancy. We observed significant abundance differences in maternal (9 chemicals) and cord sera (39 chemicals) between participants who delivered at the MB/ML hospitals versus ZSFGH. Of the 39 chemical features differentially detected in cord blood, 18 were present in pesticides, one per- or poly-fluoroalkyl substance (PFAS), 21 in plasticizers, 24 in cosmetics, and 17 in pharmaceuticals; 4 chemical features had unknown sources. A chemical feature annotated as 2,4-dichlorophenol had higher abundances among Latinx compared to white participants, those delivering at ZSFGH compared to MB/ML, those with food insecurity, and those with financial strain. Post-hoc QTOF analyses indicated the chemical feature was either 2,4-dichlorophenol or 2,5-dichlorophenol, both of which have potential endocrine-disrupting effects. CONCLUSIONS Chemical exposures differed between delivery hospitals, likely due to underlying social conditions faced by populations served. Differential exposures to 2,4-dichlorophenol or 2,5-dichlorophenol may contribute to disparities in adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana E Goin
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dimitri Abrahamsson
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ting Jiang
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - June-Soo Park
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Marina Sirota
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rachel Morello-Frosch
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management and School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Erin DeMicco
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marya G Zlatnik
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tracey J Woodruff
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Mathew L, Snyder NW, Lyall K, Lee BK, McClure LA, Elliott AJ, Newschaffer CJ. The associations between prenatal phthalate exposure measured in child meconium and cognitive functioning of 12-month-old children in two cohorts at elevated risk for adverse neurodevelopment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113928. [PMID: 35870502 PMCID: PMC9890962 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalate metabolites in gestational-maternal urine represents short-term maternal exposure, but meconium, the newborn's first stool may better capture cumulative fetal exposure. We quantified phthalate metabolites in meconium from two cohorts of children at higher risk of adverse neurodevelopment and evaluated associations with their cognitive function at 12 months. METHODS Meconium phthalate metabolites were quantified in the Safe Passage Study (SPS), N = 720, a pregnancy cohort with high community-levels of prenatal alcohol use, and the Early Autism Risk Longitudinal Investigation (EARLI), N = 236, a high familial autism risk pregnancy cohort. EARLI also had second and third trimester (T2/T3) maternal urine for exposure assessment. Molar sum of di (2-ethylhexyl) (∑DEHP) metabolites and an anti-androgenic score (AAS) using mono-isobutyl, mono-n-butyl, monobenzyl (MBZP), and DEHP metabolites were computed. Cognitive function was assessed at 12 months using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning-Composite (ELC). Multivariable linear regression assessed associations between loge-transformed metabolites and ELC. Quadratic terms explored nonlinearity and interaction terms of metabolite by child's sex examined effect modification. RESULTS In SPS, MBzP (βLinear = -6.73; 95% CI: 12.04, -1.42; βquadratic = 1.95; 0.27, 3.62) and mono (2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl), (βLinear = -3.81; -7.53, -0.27; βquadratic = 0.93; 0.09, 1.77) had U-shaped associations with ELC. In EARLI, T2 urine mono-carboxyisononyl was associated with linear decrease in ELC, indicating lower cognitive function. Interaction with sex was suggested (P < 0.2) for several urine metabolites, mostly indicating negative association between phthalates and ELC among girls but reversed among boys. Only mono-isononyl phthalate and ∑DEHP had consistent main effect associations across matrixes and cohorts, but similar interaction with sex was observed for meconium-measured ∑DEHP, AAS, MBzP, and mono (2-ethylhexyl) in both cohorts. CONCLUSIONS Few phthalate metabolites were consistently associated with children's cognitive function, but a similar set of meconium metabolites from both cohorts displayed sex-specific associations. Gestational phthalate exposure may have sexually-dimorphic associations with early cognitive function in children at higher risk for adverse neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leny Mathew
- AJ Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, 3020 Market St, Suite 560, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, 3215 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Nathaniel W Snyder
- AJ Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, 3020 Market St, Suite 560, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kristen Lyall
- AJ Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, 3020 Market St, Suite 560, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Brian K Lee
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, 3215 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Leslie A McClure
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, 3215 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Craig J Newschaffer
- AJ Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, 3020 Market St, Suite 560, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, 325 HHD Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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Gao H, Geng ML, Huang K, Zhu BB, Zhang C, Gan H, Tong J, Wu XL, Hu CY, Zhang SY, Zhu P, Wang QN, Tao FB. Relationship of individual and mixed prenatal phthalate exposure with placental structure and efficiency in the prospective Ma'anshan Birth Cohort Study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156498. [PMID: 35667428 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have investigated the associations between prenatal phthalate exposure and placental structure and function with inconsistent conclusions. METHODS Nested on the Ma'anshan Birth Cohort study, 2723 women provided spot urine samples during the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy to analyze six phthalate metabolites. The outcomes of interest were placental weight, efficiency (birth weight/placental weight), chorionic disc area and disc eccentricity. The relationships of prenatal exposure to a single phthalate with placental measures were analyzed. The associations between prenatal phthalate mixture exposure and placental measures were also evaluated. RESULTS Most phthalate metabolites were significantly associated with placental weight, efficiency and chorionic disc area during the whole gestation and in each trimester of pregnancy, with different directions of relationships. Sensitivity analyses revealed similar findings, indicating the robustness of the statistical results. Furthermore, inverted U-shaped nonlinear relationships of prenatal exposure to some phthalate metabolites with placental weight, efficiency and chorionic plate area were observed. However, quantile g-computation mixture models did not reveal any association between maternal combined exposure to the total phthalate metabolites and placental measures. CONCLUSIONS Maternal exposure to most phthalates and their metabolites was associated with placental weight, efficiency and chorionic plate area in both a linear manner and an inverted U-shaped nonlinear manner. However, the mixture of multiple phthalate metabolites was not observed to be associated with any placental measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Meng-Long Geng
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Bei-Bei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Cancer Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Hong Gan
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Juan Tong
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xiu-Long Wu
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Cheng-Yang Hu
- Department of Humanistic Medicine, School of Humanistic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Si-Ying Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Qu-Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Fang-Biao Tao
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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Association between phthalate exposure and accelerated bone maturation in Chinese girls with early puberty onset: a propensity score-matched case-control analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15166. [PMID: 36071136 PMCID: PMC9452558 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19470-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen can promote the acceleration of bone maturation and phthalate esters (PAEs) have estrogen-mimicking effects. We investigated whether PAEs are associated with the acceleration of bone age (BA) in girls with early onset of puberty (EOP). This case–control study enrolled 254 girls with EOP from the Endocrinology Department at Shenzhen Children’s Hospital between December 2018 and August 2019. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry were used to analyze the 10 metabolites of PAEs (mPAEs) in urine samples. BA was measured using an artificial intelligence system. BA exceeding the chronological age (CA) by > 2 years (BA-CA ≥ 2 years) was referred to as significant BA advancement. Participants were divided into groups A (BA-CA ≥ 2 years; case group) and B (BA-CA < 2 years; control group). Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed for both groups in a 1:2 ratio with a caliper of 0.25. To identify potential dose–response relationships between PAEs exposure and BA advancement, we grouped the participants after PSM according to the tertiles of the mPAE concentrations. After PSM, 31 and 62 girls in groups A and B were selected. The concentration of Mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP) in group A was significantly higher than in group B (11.83 μg/g vs. 7.11 μg/g, P < 0.05); there was no significant difference in the levels of other mPAEs between the groups. The degree of BA advancement and proportion of significantly advanced BA in the lowest, middle, and highest tertiles of the MEP sequentially increased, as well as in the lowest, middle, and highest tertiles of Mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate; however, these were only statistically different between the highest and lowest MEP tertiles (both P < 0.05). For the remaining mPAEs, differences in the degree of BA advancement among the lowest, middle, and highest tertiles, as well as differences in the proportion of significantly advanced BA among the lowest, middle, and highest tertiles, were not significant (all P > 0.05). Our findings suggested that MEP was positively associated with BA advancement in girls with EOP. Exposure to PAEs may promote accelerated bone maturation.
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Liu H, Wang Y, Kannan K, Liu M, Zhu H, Chen Y, Kahn LG, Jacobson MH, Gu B, Mehta-Lee S, Brubaker SG, Ghassabian A, Trasande L. Determinants of phthalate exposures in pregnant women in New York City. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113203. [PMID: 35358547 PMCID: PMC9232940 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have provided data on determinants of phthalates in pregnant women, but results were disparate across regions. We aimed to identify the food groups and demographic factors that predict phthalate exposure in an urban contemporary pregnancy cohort in the US. The study included 450 pregnant women from the New York University Children's Health and Environment Study in New York City. Urinary concentrations of 22 phthalate metabolites, including metabolites of di-2-ethylhexylphthalate (DEHP), were determined at three time points across pregnancy by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The Diet History Questionnaire II was completed by pregnant women at mid-pregnancy to assess dietary information. Linear mixed models were fitted to examine determinants of urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations. Using partial-linear single-index (PLSI) models, we assessed the major contributors, among ten food groups, to phthalate exposure. Metabolites of DEHP and its ortho-phthalate replacement, diisononyl phthalate (DiNP), were found in >90% of the samples. The sum of creatinine-adjusted DiNP metabolite concentrations was higher in older and single women and in samples collected in summer. Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black women had lower urinary concentrations of summed metabolites of di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP), but higher concentrations of low molecular weight phthalates compared with non-Hispanic White women. Each doubling of grain products consumed was associated with a 20.9% increase in ∑DiNP concentrations (95%CI: 4.5, 39.9). PLSI models revealed that intake of dried beans and peas was the main dietary factor contributing to urinary ∑DEHP, ∑DiNP, and ∑DnOP levels, with contribution proportions of 76.3%, 35.8%, and 27.4%, respectively. Urinary metabolite levels of phthalates in pregnant women in NYC varied by age, marital status, seasonality, race/ethnicity, and diet. These results lend insight into the major determinants of phthalates levels, and may be used to identify exposure sources and guide interventions to reduce exposures in susceptible populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, PR China; Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuyan Wang
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mengling Liu
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hongkai Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Linda G Kahn
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melanie H Jacobson
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bo Gu
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shilpi Mehta-Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sara G Brubaker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Akhgar Ghassabian
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; NYU Wagner School of Public Service, New York, NY, USA; NYU College of Global Public Health, New York, NY, USA
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Mao JF, Li W, Ong CN, He Y, Jong MC, Gin KYH. Assessment of human exposure to benzophenone-type UV filters: A review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 167:107405. [PMID: 35843073 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To avoid the harmful effects of UV radiation, benzophenone-type UV filters (BPs) are widely used in personal care products and other synthetic products. Biomonitoring studies have shown the presence of BPs in various human biological samples, raising health concerns. However, there is a paucity of data on the global human exposure to this group of contaminants. In this study, we compiled data on the body burden of BPs along with the possible exposure routes and biotransformation pathways. BPs can easily penetrate the skin barrier and thus, they can be absorbed through the skin. In the human body, BPs can undergo Phase I (mainly demethylation and hydroxylation) and Phase II (mainly glucuronidation and sulfation) biotransformations. From a total of 158 studies, most of the studies are related to urine (concentration up to 92.7 mg L-1), followed by those reported in blood (up to 0.9 mg L-1) and milk (up to 0.8 mg L-1). Among BPs, benzophenone-1 and benzophenone-3 are the most commonly detected congeners. The body burden of BPs is associated with various factors, including the country of residence, lifestyle, income, education level, and ethnicity. The presence of BPs in maternal urine (up to 1.1 mg L-1), placenta (up to 9.8 ng g-1), and amniotic fluid (up to 15.7 μg L-1) suggests potential risks of prenatal exposure. In addition, transplacental transfer of BPs is possible, as demonstrated by their presence in maternal serum and cord serum. The possible association of BPs exposure and health effects was discussed. Future human biomonitoring studies and studies on the potential health effects are warranted. Overall, this review provides a summary of the global human exposure to BPs and can serve as supporting evidence to guide usage in order to protect humans from being exposed to BPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Feijian Mao
- Center for Eco-Environment Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210098, China; NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Wenxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Choon Nam Ong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Yiliang He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mui-Choo Jong
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Karina Yew-Hoong Gin
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
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Welch BM, Keil AP, Buckley JP, Calafat AM, Christenbury KE, Engel SM, O'Brien KM, Rosen EM, James-Todd T, Zota AR, Ferguson KK. Associations Between Prenatal Urinary Biomarkers of Phthalate Exposure and Preterm Birth: A Pooled Study of 16 US Cohorts. JAMA Pediatr 2022; 176:895-905. [PMID: 35816333 PMCID: PMC9274448 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.2252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Importance Phthalate exposure is widespread among pregnant women and may be a risk factor for preterm birth. Objective To investigate the prospective association between urinary biomarkers of phthalates in pregnancy and preterm birth among individuals living in the US. Design, Setting, and Participants Individual-level data were pooled from 16 preconception and pregnancy studies conducted in the US. Pregnant individuals who delivered between 1983 and 2018 and provided 1 or more urine samples during pregnancy were included. Exposures Urinary phthalate metabolites were quantified as biomarkers of phthalate exposure. Concentrations of 11 phthalate metabolites were standardized for urine dilution and mean repeated measurements across pregnancy were calculated. Main Outcomes and Measures Logistic regression models were used to examine the association between each phthalate metabolite with the odds of preterm birth, defined as less than 37 weeks of gestation at delivery (n = 539). Models pooled data using fixed effects and adjusted for maternal age, race and ethnicity, education, and prepregnancy body mass index. The association between the overall mixture of phthalate metabolites and preterm birth was also examined with logistic regression. G-computation, which requires certain assumptions to be considered causal, was used to estimate the association with hypothetical interventions to reduce the mixture concentrations on preterm birth. Results The final analytic sample included 6045 participants (mean [SD] age, 29.1 [6.1] years). Overall, 802 individuals (13.3%) were Black, 2323 (38.4%) were Hispanic/Latina, 2576 (42.6%) were White, and 328 (5.4%) had other race and ethnicity (including American Indian/Alaskan Native, Native Hawaiian, >1 racial identity, or reported as other). Most phthalate metabolites were detected in more than 96% of participants. Higher odds of preterm birth, ranging from 12% to 16%, were observed in association with an interquartile range increase in urinary concentrations of mono-n-butyl phthalate (odds ratio [OR], 1.12 [95% CI, 0.98-1.27]), mono-isobutyl phthalate (OR, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.00-1.34]), mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (OR, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.00-1.34]), and mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (OR, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.01-1.29]). Among approximately 90 preterm births per 1000 live births in this study population, hypothetical interventions to reduce the mixture of phthalate metabolite levels by 10%, 30%, and 50% were estimated to prevent 1.8 (95% CI, 0.5-3.1), 5.9 (95% CI, 1.7-9.9), and 11.1 (95% CI, 3.6-18.3) preterm births, respectively. Conclusions and Relevance Results from this large US study population suggest that phthalate exposure during pregnancy may be a preventable risk factor for preterm delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barrett M. Welch
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Jessie P. Buckley
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Kate E. Christenbury
- Social & Scientific Systems, Inc, a DLH Holdings Company, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | | | - Katie M. O'Brien
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Emma M. Rosen
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
| | | | - Ami R. Zota
- Milken School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Kelly K. Ferguson
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina
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Zhang Y, Mustieles V, Williams PL, Souter I, Calafat AM, Demokritou M, Lee A, Vagios S, Hauser R, Messerlian C. Association of preconception mixtures of phenol and phthalate metabolites with birthweight among subfertile couples. Environ Epidemiol 2022; 6:e222. [PMID: 36249269 PMCID: PMC9555928 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although parental preconception exposure to some phenols and phthalates have been associated with reduced birthweight, few studies have examined these chemicals as complex mixtures.
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Uldbjerg CS, Lim YH, Krause M, Frederiksen H, Andersson AM, Bräuner EV. Sex-specific associations between maternal exposure to parabens, phenols and phthalates during pregnancy and birth size outcomes in offspring. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 836:155565. [PMID: 35508231 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Current evidence on the effects of prenatal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals on birth size remains largely inconclusive. We aimed to investigate sex-specific associations between maternal exposure to parabens, phenols and phthalates during pregnancy and birth weight, length and head/abdominal circumferences. We performed a prospective study of 88 pregnant women who underwent amniocentesis in the period 2012 to 2014. Maternal urine samples were collected during pregnancy in weeks 12 to 36 (median: 18 weeks). The concentrations of parabens, phenols and individual phthalate diester metabolites were analyzed by isotope-diluted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and osmolality adjusted. Linear regression models estimated the associations between urinary levels of selected compounds (tertile(T2-T3)medium/high versus T1low exposure) and birth size, stratified by offspring sex. A total of three parabens, two phenols, four individual phthalate metabolites and four sums of diester metabolites were detectable above limits of detection in at least 60% of urine samples. Overall, we observed few statistically significant associations, but medium/high exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) in male offspring was associated with statistically significant lower birth size across most outcomes [birth weight: -428 g (95% CI -756 to -99.4); birth length: -1.76 cm (95% CI -3.28 to -0.25); abdominal circumference: -1.97 cm (95% CI -3.55 to -0.39)]. Similarly, medium/high exposure to methyl paraben (MeP) in male offspring was associated with lower birth weight (-661 g, 95% CI -1251 to -70.7) and length (-3.11 cm, 95% CI -5.76 to -0.46) compared to low exposure. None of these associations were statistically significant in female offspring. Across all compounds, individual exposures were associated with more negative estimates of birth weight for male than for female offspring. Our study indicates that prenatal exposure to BPA and MeP may negatively affect birth size outcomes, with a possible sex effect. Given the small sample size, these findings need to be replicated in future larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie S Uldbjerg
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; The International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Marianna Krause
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; The International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Frederiksen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; The International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna-Maria Andersson
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; The International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elvira V Bräuner
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; The International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Gao H, Geng ML, Gan H, Huang K, Zhang C, Zhu BB, Sun L, Wu X, Zhu P, Tao FB. Prenatal single and combined exposure to phthalates associated with girls' BMI trajectory in the first six years. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113837. [PMID: 36068761 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Evidence of the influence of prenatal phthalate exposure on childhood longitudinal obesity markers is limited. Nested on the Ma'anshan birth cohort study, 990 mother-daughter pairs were included. Seven phthalate metabolites were determined in urine collected in each trimester. Each child underwent a physical examination from birth to 6 years of age twelve times. Latent class growth models were used to identify three trajectories of girls' body mass index (BMI). Logistic regression, quantile g-computation and Bayesian kernel machine regression models analyzed the relationships of prenatal exposure to individual and mixed phthalates with girls' body mass index (BMI) trajectory. Compared to the "lowest trajectory" class, prenatal average concentrations of mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP, ORcrude = 2.095, 95 % CI = 1.014-4.328) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP, ORcrude = 2.336, 95 % CI = 1.022-5.338) during pregnancy were associated with an increased probability of being in the "highest trajectory" class. The average concentration of DEHP (ORcrude = 1.879, 95 % CI = 1.002-3.522) was associated with an increased probability of being in the "moderate trajectory" class. Stratified analyses by trimester of pregnancy mainly showed that third-trimester exposure to monoethyl phthalate (MEP, ORadjusted = 1.584, 95 % CI = 1.094-2.292), mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP, ORadjusted = 2.885, 95 % CI = 1.367-6.088), MEHHP (ORadjusted = 2.425, 95 % CI = 1.335-4.407), DEHP (ORadjusted = 2.632, 95 % CI = 1.334-5.193) and high molecular weight phthalate (ORadjusted = 2.437, 95 % CI = 1.239-4.792) was associated with an increased probability of being in the "highest trajectory" class. However, the mixture of phthalates was not significantly related to the girl's BMI trajectory. In conclusion, in utero exposure to phthalates, including MEP and DEHP metabolites (MEHHP and MEOHP), was significantly associated with early childhood high BMI trajectories in girls. The third trimester of pregnancy seemed to be the window of vulnerability to phthalate exposure for girls' high BMI trajectory at periods of prenatal development. No evidence supported a significant relationship between combined exposure to phthalate metabolites and girls' high BMI trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Meng-Long Geng
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Hong Gan
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Cancer Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Bei-Bei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Li Sun
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xiulong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Fang-Biao Tao
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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Xia Y, Chen J, Ma T, Meng X, Han X, Li D. Maternal DBP exposure promotes synaptic formation in offspring by activating astrocytes via the AKT/NF-κB/IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 829:154437. [PMID: 35278568 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that activated astrocytes in the hypothalamus could disrupt GnRH secretion in offspring after maternal di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) exposure, indicating that the effect of DBP on astrocyte activation and crosstalk between astrocytes and neurons is still worthy of further investigation. In this study, pregnant mice were intragastrically administered DBP dissolved in corn oil from gestational days (GD) 12.5-21.5. Maternal DBP exposure resulted in hippocampal astrocyte activation, abnormal synaptic formation, and reduced autonomic and exploratory behavior in offspring on postnatal day (PND) 22. Further studies identified that mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP) induced astrocyte activation and proliferation by activating the AKT/NF-κB/IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Moreover, upregulated thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) in activated astrocytes regulated synaptic-related protein expression. This study highlights the neurotoxicity of maternal DBP exposure to offspring, which provides new insights into identifying potential molecular targets for the treatment of diseases related to neurological development disorders in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Xia
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Junhan Chen
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Tan Ma
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Xiannan Meng
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China.
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44
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Jala A, Varghese B, Dutta R, Adela R, Borkar RM. Levels of parabens and bisphenols in personal care products and urinary concentrations in Indian young adult women: Implications for human exposure and health risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 297:134028. [PMID: 35218786 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Limited information is available about the levels of exposure of paraben and bisphenols emerging from personal care products (PCPs) use in Indian women and the risk associated with it. In this study, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to determine the concentrations of six parabens (methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, butyl, benzyl-, and heptyl-parabens) and 8 bisphenols (Bisphenol A, B, F, P, S, Z, AP, and AF) in PCPs samples (n = 114) obtained from Indian market and in the urine samples of young adult females (n = 52). The concentrations measured in PCPs and urine samples were used to determine the estimated daily intake. The mean concentrations of 6 parabens and 8 bisphenols in PCPs ranged from 38.3 to 2.38 × 105 ng/g and 2.71-148 ng/g, respectively. In urine samples analysed, the mean concentrations of 6 parabens and 8 bisphenols ranged from 0.007 to 293 ng/mL and 0.10-10.8 ng/mL, respectively. There was no significant correlation of EDCs with age, BMI and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), but significant correlations (p < 0.05) were observed between urinary paraben and bisphenol concentrations. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) exists between the BMI and WHR groups by bisphenol concentrations. Estimated daily intake and exposure risks for parabens and bisphenols revealed no possible concerns for Indian young adult females. Hitherto, this is the first study to show that Indian young adult females were exposed to parabens and bisphenols. This study provides evidence on PCPs usage contribute to the urinary concentrations of EDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Jala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Changsari, 781101, India
| | - Bincy Varghese
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Changsari, 781101, India
| | - Ratul Dutta
- Down Town Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, 781106, India
| | - Ramu Adela
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Changsari, 781101, India
| | - Roshan M Borkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Changsari, 781101, India.
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Buckley J, Kuiper JR, Bennett DH, Barrett ES, Bastain T, Breton CV, Chinthakindi S, Dunlop AL, Farzan SF, Herbstman JB, Karagas MR, Marsit CJ, Meeker JD, Morello-Frosch R, O’Connor TG, Romano ME, Schantz S, Schmidt RJ, Watkins DJ, Zhu H, Pellizzari ED, Kannan K, Woodruff TJ. Exposure to Contemporary and Emerging Chemicals in Commerce among Pregnant Women in the United States: The Environmental influences on Child Health Outcome (ECHO) Program. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:6560-6573. [PMID: 35536918 PMCID: PMC9118548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal chemical exposures can influence maternal and child health; however, few industrial chemicals are routinely biomonitored. We assessed an extensive panel of contemporary and emerging chemicals in 171 pregnant women across the United States (U.S.) and Puerto Rico in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program. We simultaneously measured urinary concentrations of 89 analytes (103 total chemicals representing 73 parent compounds) in nine chemical groups: bactericides, benzophenones, bisphenols, fungicides and herbicides, insecticides, organophosphate esters (OPEs), parabens, phthalates/alternative plasticizers, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We estimated associations of creatinine-adjusted concentrations with sociodemographic and specimen characteristics. Among our diverse prenatal population (60% non-Hispanic Black or Hispanic), we detected 73 of 89 analytes in ≥1 participant and 36 in >50% of participants. Five analytes not currently included in the U.S. biomonitoring were detected in ≥90% of samples: benzophenone-1, thiamethoxam, mono-2-(propyl-6-carboxy-hexyl) phthalate, monocarboxy isooctyl phthalate, and monohydroxy-iso-decyl phthalate. Many analyte concentrations were higher among women of Hispanic ethnicity compared to those of non-Hispanic White women. Concentrations of certain chemicals decreased with the calendar year, whereas concentrations of their replacements increased. Our largest study to date identified widespread exposures to prevalent and understudied chemicals in a diverse sample of pregnant women in the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie
P. Buckley
- Department
of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Jordan R. Kuiper
- Department
of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Deborah H. Bennett
- Department
of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Emily S. Barrett
- Department
of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers
School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Tracy Bastain
- Department
of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90032, United States
| | - Carrie V. Breton
- Department
of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90032, United States
| | - Sridhar Chinthakindi
- Department
of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Anne L. Dunlop
- Department
of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University
School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Shohreh F. Farzan
- Department
of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90032, United States
| | - Julie B. Herbstman
- Department
of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Margaret R. Karagas
- Department
of Epidemiology, Dartmouth Geisel School
of Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, United States
| | - Carmen J. Marsit
- Department
of Environmental Health, Rollins School
of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - John D. Meeker
- Department
of Environmental Health Sciences, University
of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Rachel Morello-Frosch
- Department
of Environmental Science, Policy and Management and School of Public
Health, University of California, Berkeley California 94720, United States
| | - Thomas G. O’Connor
- Department
of Psychiatry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Megan E. Romano
- Department
of Epidemiology, Dartmouth Geisel School
of Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, United States
| | - Susan Schantz
- Beckman
Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Rebecca J. Schmidt
- Department
of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Deborah J. Watkins
- Department
of Environmental Health Sciences, University
of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Hongkai Zhu
- Department
of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Edo D. Pellizzari
- RTI International, Research Triangle
Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department
of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Tracey J. Woodruff
- Department
of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences and the Philip
R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
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England-Mason G, Merrill SM, Gladish N, Moore SR, Giesbrecht GF, Letourneau N, MacIsaac JL, MacDonald AM, Kinniburgh DW, Ponsonby AL, Saffery R, Martin JW, Kobor MS, Dewey D. Prenatal exposure to phthalates and peripheral blood and buccal epithelial DNA methylation in infants: An epigenome-wide association study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 163:107183. [PMID: 35325772 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to phthalates has been associated with adverse health and neurodevelopmental outcomes. DNA methylation (DNAm) alterations may be a mechanism underlying these effects, but prior investigations of prenatal exposure to phthalates and neonatal DNAm profiles are limited to placental tissue and umbilical cord blood. OBJECTIVE Conduct an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of the associations between prenatal exposure to phthalates and DNAm in two accessible infant tissues, venous buffy coat blood and buccal epithelial cells (BECs). METHODS Participants included 152 maternal-infant pairs from the Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON) study. Maternal second trimester urine samples were analyzed for nine phthalate metabolites. Blood (n = 74) or BECs (n = 78) were collected from 3-month-old infants and profiled for DNAm using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 (450K) BeadChip. Robust linear regressions were used to investigate the associations between high (HMWPs) and low molecular weight phthalates (LMWPs) and change in methylation levels at variable Cytosine-phosphate-Guanine (CpG) sites in infant tissues, as well as the sensitivity of associations to potential confounders. RESULTS One candidate CpG in gene RNF39 reported by a previous study examining prenatal exposure to phthalates and cord blood DNAm was replicated. The EWAS identified 12 high-confidence CpGs in blood and another 12 in BECs associated with HMWPs and/or LMWPs. Prenatal exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) associated with two of the CpGs associated with HMWPs in BECs. DISCUSSION Prenatal exposure to phthalates was associated with DNAm variation at CpGs annotated to genes associated with endocrine hormone activity (i.e., SLCO4A1, TPO), immune pathways and DNA damage (i.e., RASGEF1B, KAZN, HLA-A, MYO18A, DIP2C, C1or109), and neurodevelopment (i.e., AMPH, NOTCH3, DNAJC5). Future studies that characterize the stability of these associations in larger samples, multiple cohorts, across tissues, and investigate the potential associations between these biomarkers and relevant health and neurodevelopmental outcomes are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian England-Mason
- Department of Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Owerko Centre, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sarah M Merrill
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nicole Gladish
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sarah R Moore
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gerald F Giesbrecht
- Department of Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Owerko Centre, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nicole Letourneau
- Department of Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Owerko Centre, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Julia L MacIsaac
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amy M MacDonald
- Alberta Centre for Toxicology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - David W Kinniburgh
- Alberta Centre for Toxicology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anne-Louise Ponsonby
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jonathan W Martin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Södermanland, Sweden
| | - Michael S Kobor
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Program in Child and Brain Development, CIFAR, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deborah Dewey
- Department of Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Owerko Centre, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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47
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Lin Y, He M, Zeng X, Sheng X, Wang S, Cui F. 4-hydroxybenzophenone exposure inhibits mouse hippocampal neural stem cell proliferation in vitro by upregulating Cxcl1. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 82:105367. [PMID: 35476924 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Benzophenones are widely used in industry and commonly added in many personal care products. However, the neurotoxicity, in particular neurodevelopmental toxicity, of benzophenone family chemicals and metabolites has not been fully elucidated. Our recent mechanistic study in mice showed that early life exposure to a major benzophenone metabolite, 4-hydroxybenzophenone (4HBP), disrupted endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteostasis and evoked inflammatory response in hippocampal neural stem cells (NSCs), leading to cognitive dysfunction. Despite so, detailed inflammatory cytokine(s) that possibly mediate this toxicity remains to be defined and validated. In this study, we confirmed that 4HBP treatment inhibited the viability and sphere growth of mouse NSCs in vitro. Importantly, re-interrogation of the transcriptomic data of NSCs treated with 4HBP identified the top upregulated genes, wherein the chemokine Cxcl1 ranked first. Immunofluorescent staining and qRT-PCR validated the robust induction of Cxcl1 on the protein and mRNA levels upon 4HBP treatment. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated knockdown of Cxcl1 transiently blocked its expression and led to enhanced NSCs viability in the presence of 4HBP. Together, these in vitro results indicated that the adverse effect of benzophenones on NSCs is mediated, at least in part, by induction of the chemokine Cxcl1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahang Lin
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital/Pu'ai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430033, China
| | - Min He
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital/Pu'ai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430033, China
| | - Xia Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Siyi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital/Pu'ai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430033, China.
| | - Fengzhen Cui
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Zhang X, Barr DB, Dunlop AL, Panuwet P, Sarnat JA, Lee GE, Tan Y, Corwin EJ, Jones DP, Ryan PB, Liang D. Assessment of metabolic perturbations associated with exposure to phthalates among pregnant African American women. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 818:151689. [PMID: 34793805 PMCID: PMC8904271 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalates have been linked with numerous harmful health effects. Limited data are available on the molecular mechanism underlying phthalate toxicity on human health. In this study, we measured urinary phthalate metabolites and used high-resolution metabolomics (HRM) to identify biological perturbations associated with phthalate exposures among pregnant African American (AA) women, who are disproportionately exposed to high phthalates levels. METHODS We used untargeted HRM profiling to characterize serum samples collected during early (8-14 weeks gestation) and late (24-30 weeks gestation) pregnancy from 73 participants from the Atlanta AA Maternal-Child cohort. We measured eight urinary phthalate metabolites in early and late pregnancy, including Monoethyl phthalate (MEP), Mono(2-ethlyhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), and Mono (2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), to assess maternal exposures to phthalates. Metabolite and metabolic pathway perturbation were evaluated using an untargeted HRM workflow. RESULTS Geometric mean creatinine-adjusted levels of urinary MEP, MEHP, and MEHHP were 67.3, 1.4, and 4.1 μg/g creatinine, respectively, with MEP and MEHP higher than the mean levels of non-Hispanic blacks in the general US population (2015-2016). There were 73 and 1435 metabolic features significantly associated with at least one phthalate metabolite during early and late pregnancy (p < 0.005), respectively. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed perturbations in four inflammation- and oxidative-stress-related pathways associated with phthalate metabolite levels during both early and late pregnancy, including glycerophospholipid, urea cycle, arginine, and tyrosine metabolism. We confirmed 10 metabolites with level-1 evidence, which are associated with urinary phthalates, including thyroxine and thiamine, which were negatively associated with MEP, as well as tyramine and phenethylamine, which were positively associated with MEHP and MEHHP. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that urinary phthalate levels were associated with perturbations in biological pathways connected with inflammation, oxidative stress, and endocrine disruption. The findings support future targeted investigations on molecular mechanisms underlying the impact of maternal phthalates exposure on adverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Zhang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anne L Dunlop
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Parinya Panuwet
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jeremy A Sarnat
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Grace E Lee
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Youran Tan
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Dean P Jones
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - P Barry Ryan
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Donghai Liang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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49
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Plante I, Winn LM, Vaillancourt C, Grigorova P, Parent L. Killing two birds with one stone: Pregnancy is a sensitive window for endocrine effects on both the mother and the fetus. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 205:112435. [PMID: 34843719 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a complex process requiring tremendous physiological changes in the mother in order to fulfill the needs of the growing fetus, and to give birth, expel the placenta and nurse the newborn. These physiological modifications are accompanied with psychological changes, as well as with variations in habits and behaviors. As a result, this period of life is considered as a sensitive window as impaired functional and physiological changes in the mother can have short- and long-term impacts on her health. In addition, dysregulation of the placenta and of mechanisms governing placentation have been linked to chronic diseases later-on in life for the fetus, in a concept known as the Developmental Origin of Health and Diseases (DOHaD). This concept stipulates that any change in the environment during the pre-conception and perinatal (in utero life and neonatal) period to puberty, can be "imprinted" in the organism, thereby impacting the health and risk of chronic diseases later in life. Pregnancy is a succession of events that is regulated, in large part, by hormones and growth factors. Therefore, small changes in hormonal balance can have important effects on both the mother and the developing fetus. An increasing number of studies demonstrate that exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) affect both the mother and the fetus giving rise to growing concerns surrounding these exposures. This review will give an overview of changes that happen during pregnancy with respect to the mother, the placenta, and the fetus, and of the current literature regarding the effects of EDCs during this specific sensitive window of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Plante
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC, Canada.
| | - Louise M Winn
- Queen's University, School of Environmental Studies, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | - Petya Grigorova
- Département Science et Technologie, Université TELUQ, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lise Parent
- Département Science et Technologie, Université TELUQ, Montreal, QC, Canada
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50
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Teiri H, Samaei MR, Dehghani M, Azhdarpoor A, Hajizadeh Y, Mohammadi F, Kelishadi R. The association of prenatal exposure to benzophenones with gestational age and offspring size at birth. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:24682-24695. [PMID: 34826089 PMCID: PMC8620316 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17634-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, emerging environmental pollutants such as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have become a particular concern. This study examined the association of maternal exposure to benzophenones as one of the EDCs with gestational age and evaluated their effects on birth outcomes including birth weight, birth length, head circumference, and Ponderal Index. We assessed 166 pregnant mothers of the PERSIAN cohort population of Isfahan, Iran, in the 1st and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy and their infants at birth. Four common benzophenones (BPs) including 2,4-dihydroxy benzophenone (BP-1), 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzophenone (BP-3), 4-hydroxy benzophenone (4-OH-BP), and 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxy benzophenone (BP-8) were measured in maternal urine samples. The median urinary concentrations of 4-OH-BP, BP-3, BP-1, and BP-8 in the 1st trimester were 6.62, 7.5, 4.39, and 1.32 µg/g creatinine and those in the 3rd trimester were 3.15, 16.98, 9.95, and 1.04 µg/g creatinine, respectively. BP-3 was the predominant metabolite in both trimesters. There was a significant correlation between BP-3, BP-1, and 4-OH-BP levels (p < 0.05) but not BP-8. BP-1 showed a significant positive association with gestational age (GA) in all infants in the 1st trimester, but a negative association was observed between BP-3 and BP-1 levels and GA in girls. Classification of infants' birth weight for different GAs represented that the majority of them were appropriate for GA. However, boys' weights were heavier than girls. Also, birth outcomes of preterm (< 37 weeks) infants were noticeably lower than term infants (37-42 weeks). This study demonstrated that benzophenone derivatives especially BP-3 can affect the duration of pregnancy and consequently fetal growth in the early and late stages of pregnancy. This is more pronounced in girls; however, more investigations in a different population are needed to prove the results. Therefore, the application of these compounds as a UV protector requires precise regulation to reduce exposure, especially in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakimeh Teiri
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Samaei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mansooreh Dehghani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abooalfazl Azhdarpoor
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Hajizadeh
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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