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Fandiño-Del-Rio M, Tore G, Peng RD, Meeker JD, Matsui EC, Quirós-Alcalá L. Characterization of pesticide exposures and their associations with asthma morbidity in a predominantly low-income urban pediatric cohort in Baltimore City. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 263:120096. [PMID: 39362457 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.120096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2024] [Revised: 09/30/2024] [Accepted: 10/01/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pesticides may impact respiratory health, yet evidence of their impact on pediatric asthma morbidity is limited, particularly among urban children. OBJECTIVE To characterize pesticide biomarker concentrations and evaluate their associations with pediatric asthma morbidity among predominantly low-income, Black children in Baltimore City, USA. METHODS We measured urinary concentrations of 10 biomarkers for pyrethroid insecticides (cyfluthrin:4F-3PBA, permethrin:3PBA), organophosphate insecticides (chlorpyrifos:TCPY, malathion:MDA, parathion:PNP, diazinon:IMPY), and herbicides (glyphosate:AMPA, GPS; 2,4-dicholorphenoxyacetic acid:2,4-D; 2,4,5-tricholorphenoxyacetic acid:2,4,5-T) among 148 children (5-17 years) with established asthma. Urine samples and asthma morbidity measures (asthma symptoms, healthcare utilization, lung function and inflammation) were collected every three months for a year. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine associations between pesticide biomarker concentrations and asthma morbidity measures, controlling for age, sex, race, caregiver education, season, and environmental tobacco smoke. In sensitivity analyses, we assessed the robustness of our results after accounting for environmental co-exposures. RESULTS Frequently detected (≥90% detection) pesticide biomarker concentrations (IMPY, 3PBA, PNP, TCPY, AMPA, GPS) varied considerably within children over the follow-up period (intraclass correlation coefficients: 0.1-0.2). Consistent positive significant associations were observed between the chlorpyrifos biomarker, TCPY, and asthma symptoms. Urinary concentrations of TCPY were associated with increased odds of coughing, wheezing, or chest tightness (adjusted Odds Ratio, aOR, TCPY:1.60, 95% Confidence Interval, CI:1.17-2.18). Urinary concentrations of TCPY were also associated with maximal symptom days (aOR:1.38, CI:1.02-1.86), exercise-related symptoms (aOR:1.63, CI:1.09-2.44), and hospitalizations for asthma (aOR:2.84, CI:1.08-7.43). We did not observe consistent evidence of associations between the pesticide exposures assessed and lung function or inflammation measures. CONCLUSION Among predominantly Black children with asthma, we found evidence that chlorpyrifos is associated with asthma morbidity. Further research is needed to assess the contribution of pesticide exposures to pediatric respiratory health and characterize exposure sources among vulnerable populations to inform targeted interventions against potentially harmful pesticide exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Fandiño-Del-Rio
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Grant Tore
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Roger D Peng
- Department of Statistics and Data Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - John D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | | | - Lesliam Quirós-Alcalá
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Vaezafshar S, Siegel JA, Jantunen L, Diamond ML. Widespread occurrence of pesticides in low-income housing. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2024; 34:735-744. [PMID: 38909155 PMCID: PMC11303252 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-024-00665-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low socioeconomic status (SES) residents living in social housing, which is subsidized by government or government-funded agencies, may have higher exposures to pesticides used in indoor residences since pesticides are applied due to structural deficiencies, poor maintenance, etc. OBJECTIVE: To estimate exposure of residents in low-SES social housing built in the 1970s to legacy and current-use pesticides and to investigate factors related to exposures. METHODS Twenty-eight particle-phase pesticides were measured in the indoor air of 46 units in seven low-income social housing, multi-unit residential buildings (MURBs) in Toronto, Canada using portable air cleaners deployed for 1 week in 2017. Pesticides analyzed were legacy and current use in the classes: organochlorines, organophosphates, pyrethroids, and strobilurins. RESULTS At least one pesticide was detected in 89% of the units with detection frequencies (DF) for individual pesticides of up to 50%, including legacy organochlorines and current-use pesticides. Current-use pyrethroids had the highest DF and concentrations, with the highest particle-phase concentration for pyrethrin I at 32,000 pg/m3. Heptachlor, restricted for use in Canada in 1985, had the highest estimated maximum total air (particle plus gas phase) concentration of 443,000 pg/m3. Heptachlor, lindane, endosulfan I, chlorothalonil, allethrin, and permethrin (except in one study) had higher concentrations than those measured in low-income residences reported elsewhere. In addition to the intentional use of pesticides to control pests and their use in building materials and paints, tobacco smoking was significantly correlated with the concentrations of five pesticides used on tobacco crops. The distribution of pesticides with high DF in individual buildings suggested that pest eradication programs by the building management and/or pesticide use by residents were the major sources of measured pesticides. IMPACT Low-income social housing fills a much-needed demand, but the residences are prone to pest infestation and hence pesticide use. We found exposure to at least 1 of 28 particle-phase pesticides in 89% of all 46 units tested, with the highest DF and concentrations for current-use pyrethroids and long-banned organochlorines (e.g., DDT, heptachlor) due to very high persistence indoors. Also measured were several pesticides not registered for use indoors, e.g., strobilurins used to treat building materials and pesticides used on tobacco crops. These results, which are the first Canadian data for most pesticides indoors, show widespread exposure to numerous pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vaezafshar
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B1, Canada
| | - Jeffrey A Siegel
- Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A4, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Liisa Jantunen
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B1, Canada.
- Air Quality Processes Research, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Egbert, ON, L0L 1N0, Canada.
| | - Miriam L Diamond
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B1, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada
- School of Environment, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E8, Canada
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Mesmar F, Muhsen M, Farooq I, Maxey G, Tourigny JP, Tennessen J, Bondesson M. Exposure to the pesticide tefluthrin causes developmental neurotoxicity in zebrafish. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.28.596249. [PMID: 38854095 PMCID: PMC11160659 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.28.596249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The insecticide tefluthrin is widely used in agriculture, resulting in widespread pollution. Tefluthrin is a type I pyrethroid characterized by its high persistence in the environment. Understanding the mechanisms of toxicity of tefluthrin will improve its risk assessment. OBJECTIVES We aimed to decipher the molecular modes of action of tefluthrin. METHODS Phenotypic developmental toxicity was assessed by exposing zebrafish embryos and larvae to increasing concentrations of tefluthrin. Tg(mnx:mGFP) line was used to assess neurotoxicity. Multi-omics approaches including transcriptomics and lipidomics were applied to analyze RNA and lipid contents, respectively. Finally, an in-silico ligand-protein docking computational method was used to study a possible interaction between tefluthrin and a protein target. RESULTS Tefluthrin exposure caused severe morphological malformations in zebrafish larvae, including motor neuron abnormalities. The differentially expressed genes were associated with neurotoxicity and metabolic disruption. Lipidomics analysis revealed a disruption in fatty acid, phospholipid, and lysophospholipid recycling. Protein docking modeling suggested that the LPCAT3 enzyme, which recycles lysophospholipids in the Land's cycle, directly interacts with tefluthrin. CONCLUSIONS Tefluthrin exposure causes morphological and neuronal malformations in zebrafish larvae at nanomolar concentrations. Multi-omics results revealed a potential molecular initiating event i.e., inhibition of LPCAT3, and key events i.e., an altered lysophospholipid to phospholipid ratio, leading to the adverse outcomes of neurotoxicity and metabolic disruption.
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Wang Y, Hermetz K, Burt A, Kennedy EM, Lesseur C, Panuwet P, Fiedler N, Prapamontol T, Suttiwan P, Naksen W, B Barr D, Hao K, Chen J, Marsit CJ. Placental transcriptome variation associated with season, location, and urinary prenatal pyrethroid metabolites of Thai farm-working women. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 349:123873. [PMID: 38554839 PMCID: PMC11070292 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to pyrethroids is linked to adverse health effects in early life and proper placental function is critical to fetal development. This study explores the impact of prenatal pyrethroid exposure, as well as factors impacting exposure and effect, on the placental transcriptome, to understand pyrethroid exposures' relationship to placental function. The study of Asian Women and their Offspring's Development and Environmental Exposures (SAWASDEE) recruited pregnant farm-working women from two agricultural districts in the Chiang Mai province of Thailand between 2017 and 2019. This cohort was predominantly exposed to cypermethrin (type II), alongside pyrethroids such as cyfluthrin (type II) and permethrin (type I). In 253 participants, maternal urinary pyrethroid metabolites, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (PBA), cis-3-(2,2-Dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (CDCCA), and trans-3-(2,2-Dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (TDCCA) were measured in early, middle, and late pregnancy and adjusted for urinary creatinine. The placental transcriptome was analyzed using RNA-Seq. Using generalized linear regression, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with the sum of each metabolite across pregnancy, as well as those associated with location of residence and season of birth. Pathway and upstream transcription factor analyses were performed to examine potential mechanisms associated with DEGs. Notably, TDCCA and CDCCA levels peaked in late pregnancy, with significant regional differences, particularly higher levels in the Fang region. Placental gene expression analysis showed no DEGs associated with individual metabolites at FDR<0.05. However, 251 DEGs by location, implicating immune response and oxidative phosphorylation pathways, were identified, while season of birth was associated with 2585 DEGs, over-represented in fibrosis signaling and metabolism pathways. Finally, transcription factor analysis identified 226 and 282 transcription factors associated with location and season, respectively, related to cell proliferation, differentiation, and the immune system. These alterations may have significant implications for fetal development and other pathologic processes, highlighting the importance of monitoring environmental exposures during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewei Wang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Karen Hermetz
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amber Burt
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Kennedy
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Corina Lesseur
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Parinya Panuwet
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nancy Fiedler
- Rutgers University School of Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Tippawan Prapamontol
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Panrapee Suttiwan
- Life Di Center, Faculty of Psychology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Warangkana Naksen
- Faculty of Public Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Dana B Barr
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carmen J Marsit
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Oh J, Kim K, Kannan K, Parsons PJ, Mlodnicka A, Schmidt RJ, Schweitzer JB, Hertz-Picciotto I, Bennett DH. Early childhood exposure to environmental phenols and parabens, phthalates, organophosphate pesticides, and trace elements in association with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in the CHARGE study. Environ Health 2024; 23:27. [PMID: 38486233 PMCID: PMC10938747 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-024-01065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of literature investigated childhood exposure to environmental chemicals in association with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, but limited studies considered urinary mixtures of multiple chemical classes. This study examined associations of concurrent exposure to non-persistent chemicals with ADHD symptoms in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), developmental delay (DD), and typical development (TD). METHODS A total of 549 children aged 2-5 years from the Childhood Autism Risks from Genetics and Environment (CHARGE) case-control study were administered the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC). This study focused on the ADHD/noncompliance subscale and its two subdomains (hyperactivity/impulsivity, inattention). Sixty-two chemicals from four classes (phenols/parabens, phthalates, organophosphate pesticides, trace elements) were quantified in child urine samples, and 43 chemicals detected in > 70% samples were used to investigate their associations with ADHD symptoms. Negative binomial regression was used for single-chemical analysis, and weighted quantile sum regression with repeated holdout validation was applied for mixture analysis for each chemical class and all chemicals. The mixture analyses were further stratified by diagnostic group. RESULTS A phthalate metabolite mixture was associated with higher ADHD/noncompliance scores (median count ratio [CR] = 1.10; 2.5th, 97.5th percentile: 1.00, 1.21), especially hyperactivity/impulsivity (median CR = 1.09; 2.5th, 97.5th percentile: 1.00, 1.25). The possible contributors to these mixture effects were di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) metabolites and mono-2-heptyl phthalate (MHPP). These associations were likely driven by children with ASD as these were observed among children with ASD, but not among TD or those with DD. Additionally, among children with ASD, a mixture of all chemicals was associated with ADHD/noncompliance and hyperactivity/impulsivity, and possible contributors were 3,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid, DEHP metabolites, MHPP, mono-n-butyl phthalate, and cadmium. CONCLUSIONS Early childhood exposure to a phthalate mixture was associated with ADHD symptoms, particularly among children with ASD. While the diverse diagnostic profiles limited generalizability, our findings suggest a potential link between phthalate exposure and the comorbidity of ASD and ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Oh
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California at Davis (UC Davis), Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Kyoungmi Kim
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California at Davis (UC Davis), Davis, CA, USA
- UC Davis MIND (Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Patrick J Parsons
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Agnieszka Mlodnicka
- UC Davis MIND (Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis (UC Davis), Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca J Schmidt
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California at Davis (UC Davis), Davis, CA, USA
- UC Davis MIND (Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Julie B Schweitzer
- UC Davis MIND (Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis (UC Davis), Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California at Davis (UC Davis), Davis, CA, USA
- UC Davis MIND (Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Deborah H Bennett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California at Davis (UC Davis), Davis, CA, USA
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Arsuffi-Marcon R, Souza LG, Santos-Miranda A, Joviano-Santos JV. Neurotoxicity of Pyrethroids in neurodegenerative diseases: From animals' models to humans' studies. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 391:110911. [PMID: 38367681 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are associated with diverse symptoms, both motor and mental. Genetic and environmental factors can trigger neurodegenerative diseases. Chemicals as pesticides are constantly used in agriculture and also domestically. In this regard, pyrethroids (PY), are a class of insecticides in which its main mechanism of action is through disruption of voltage-dependent sodium channels function in insects. However, in mammals, they can also induce oxidative stress and enzyme dysfunction. This review investigates the association between PY and neurodegenerative diseases as Alzheimer's, Huntington's, Parkinson's, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and Autism in animal models and humans. Published works using specific and non-specific models for these diseases were selected. We showed a tendency toward the development and/or aggravating of these neurodegenerative diseases following exposure to PYs. In animal models, the biochemical mechanisms of the diseases and their interaction with the insecticides are more deeply investigated. Nonetheless, only a few studies considered the specific model for each type of disease to analyze the impacts of the exposure. The choice of a specific model during the research is an important step and our review highlights the knowledge gaps of PYs effects using these models reinforcing the importance of them during the design of the experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Arsuffi-Marcon
- Center for Mathematics, Computing, and Cognition (CMCC), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), São Bernardo Do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lizandra Gomes Souza
- Center for Mathematics, Computing, and Cognition (CMCC), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), São Bernardo Do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Artur Santos-Miranda
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Julliane V Joviano-Santos
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Laboratório de Investigações NeuroCardíacas, Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais (LINC CMMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Fage-Larsen B, Andersen HR, Wesselhoeft R, Larsen PV, Dalsager L, Nielsen F, Rauh V, Bilenberg N. Exposure to chlorpyrifos and pyrethroid insecticides and symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in preschool children from the Odense Child Cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 241:117679. [PMID: 37980991 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood psychiatric disorder with severe and lifelong impact on mental health and socioeconomic achievements. Environmental factors may play a role in the increasing incidens rates. Previous studies on associations between prenatal and childhood exposure to organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides and ADHD symptoms have yielded mixed findings. OBJECTIVES To investigate associations between prenatal and childhood exposure to chlorpyrifos and pyrethroids and ADHD symptoms in 5-year-old children from the Odense Child Cohort. METHODS Spot urine samples from pregnant women in gestational week 28 (n = 614) and offspring at 5 years of age (n = 814) were collected and analyzed for the specific metabolite of chlorpyrifos, TCPY (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol), as well as the generic pyrethroid metabolite, 3-PBA (3-phenoxybenzoic acid). Offspring ADHD symptoms were assessed at age 5 years using the parent reported "ADHD scale" from the "Child Behavior Checklist 1½-5" (n = 1114). Associations between insecticide exposure variables and an ADHD score ≥90th percentile were analyzed using logistic regression for all children and stratified by sex. RESULTS Most pregnant women had detectable concentrations of 3-PBA (93%) and TCPY (91%) with median concentrations of 0.20 μg/L and 1.62 μg/L, respectively. In children, 3-PBA and TCPY concentrations were detectable in 88% and 82% of the samples, and the median concentrations were 0.17 and 1.16 μg/L. No statistically significant associations were observed between insecticide metabolites and an ADHD score ≥90th percentile at age 5. CONCLUSION In this relatively large Danish birth cohort study with mainly low dietary insecticide exposure, we found no statistically significant associations between prenatal or childhood exposure to chlorpyrifos or pyrethroids, and excess ADHD-symptom load, in 5-year-old children. Prospective studies with multiple urine samples across vulnerable windows of neurodevelopment is warranted to improve assessment of safe exposure levels, which is particularly relevant for pyrethroids, since their use is increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Fage-Larsen
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Odense, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
| | - Helle Raun Andersen
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Rikke Wesselhoeft
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Odense, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | | | - Louise Dalsager
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Flemming Nielsen
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Virginia Rauh
- Population and Family Health at the Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Niels Bilenberg
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Odense, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Denmark
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Rodríguez-Carrillo A, Verheyen VJ, Van Nuijs ALN, Fernández MF, Remy S. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF): an effect biomarker of neurodevelopment in human biomonitoring programs. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2024; 5:1319788. [PMID: 38268968 PMCID: PMC10806109 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1319788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The present narrative review summarizes recent findings focusing on the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as a biomarker of effect for neurodevelopmental alterations during adolescence, based on health effects of exposure to environmental chemical pollutants. To this end, information was gathered from the PubMed database and the results obtained in the European project Human Biomonitoring for Europe (HBM4EU), in which BDNF was measured at two levels of biological organization: total BDNF protein (serum) and BDNF gene DNA methylation (whole blood) levels. The obtained information is organized as follows. First, human biomonitoring, biomarkers of effect and the current state of the art on neurodevelopmental alterations in the population are presented. Second, BDNF secretion and mechanisms of action are briefly explained. Third, previous studies using BDNF as an effect biomarker were consulted in PubMed database and summarized. Finally, the impact of bisphenol A (BPA), metals, and non-persistent pesticide metabolites on BDNF secretion patterns and its mediation role with behavioral outcomes are addressed and discussed. These findings were obtained from three pilot studies conducted in HBM4EU project. Published findings suggested that exposure to some chemical pollutants such as fine particle matter (PM), PFAS, heavy metals, bisphenols, and non-persistent pesticides may alter circulating BDNF levels in healthy population. Therefore, BDNF could be used as a valuable effect biomarker to investigate developmental neurotoxicity of some chemical pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rodríguez-Carrillo
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Veerle J. Verheyen
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | | | - Mariana F. Fernández
- Biomedical Research Center and School of Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Sylvie Remy
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
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Ntantu Nkinsa P, Fisher M, Muckle G, Guay M, Arbuckle TE, Fraser WD, Boylan K, Booij L, Walker M, Bouchard MF. Childhood exposure to pyrethroids and neurodevelopment in Canadian preschoolers. Neurotoxicology 2023; 99:120-128. [PMID: 37802189 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyrethroid insecticides are used both residentially and agriculturally and their toxicity targets the nervous system of insects. They might also interfere with development and function of the human brain. A few epidemiological studies suggest that exposure to pyrethroids may be associated with neurobehavioral problems in children but there is little data on potential associations with cognitive outcomes. Furthermore, many studies showed that the neurotoxic effects of several pesticides are modified by sex, hence, considerations of potential sex-differences are important to investigate. OBJECTIVE To study the cross-sectional association between urinary levels of pyrethroid metabolites and neurodevelopment, including neurobehavioral and cognitive outcomes, in preschool-age children, and to examine whether sex might modify these associations. METHODS We used data from a follow-up examination of the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC), the MIREC Child Development study (MIREC-CD Plus) on children at age 3-4 years living in 6 Canadian cities. For each participant, we collected a urine sample for measurements of pyrethroids metabolites (cis-DBCA, cis-DCCA, trans-DCCA, 3-PBA, 4-F-3-PBA). We assessed neurodevelopment with the Wechsler Primary and Preschool Scale of Intelligence-III (WPPSI-III) and two scales of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool (BRIEF-P). Parents reported children's behavior using the Behavior Assessment System for Children-2 (BASC-2) and the Social Responsiveness Scale-2 (SRS-2). We examined associations between children's urinary pyrethroid metabolite concentrations and neurodevelopmental scores with multiple linear regression models, adjusting for confounders, in boys and girls separately. RESULTS The study included 179 children (mean age: 3.2 y, range 2.8-4.0). The detection frequencies were high for most pyrethroid metabolites (83-100%), but lower for 4-F-3-PBA (36%). Higher concentrations of cis-DBCA were significantly associated with lower verbal, performance and full-scale IQ scores in boys (e.g., for a 2-fold increase in cis-DBCA, β = -2.0; 95% CI: -3.4, -0.6 for full-scale IQ). In girls, the only metabolite associated with cognitive scores was 3-PBA, which was associated with lower verbal IQ scores (β = -1.3, 95% CI: -2.6, -0.1). For neurobehavioral outcomes in boys, there were associations between poorer BASC-2 Adaptive Skills scores with higher concentrations of cis-DCCA (β = -1.6, 95% CI: -2.3, -0.9), trans-DCCA (β = -1.5, 95% CI: -2.2, -0.8), 3-PBA (β = -1.7, 95% CI: -2.5, -0.9), and sum of pyrethroid metabolites (β = -1.8, 95% CI: -2.6, -0.9). In girls, we observed a significant association between higher concentration of cis-DCCA and better BASC-2 Adaptive Skills score (β = 1.0; 95% CI, 0.2, 1.8), but not with other urinary pyrethroids metabolites. Scores on the SRS-2 and BRIEF-P were not associated with pyrethroid metabolites. CONCLUSION There were associations between some pyrethroid pesticide metabolites and indicators of neurodevelopmental disorder, especially among boys. These associations are in agreement with previous studies and could suggest that exposure to pyrethroid pesticides represents a risk of potential toxicity for the cognitive development of children, and a risk for behavioral development. However, the cross-sectional nature of this study limits causal inferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Ntantu Nkinsa
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal; CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Mandy Fisher
- Population Studies Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Gina Muckle
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec; École de psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
| | - Mireille Guay
- Population Studies Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Tye E Arbuckle
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - William D Fraser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
| | - Khrista Boylan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Linda Booij
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University & Douglas Mental Health University Institute; CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Mark Walker
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Newborn Care, Div Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Maryse F Bouchard
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS) - Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Québec, Canada; CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
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Šulc L, Figueiredo D, Huss A, Kalina J, Gregor P, Janoš T, Šenk P, Dalecká A, Andrýsková L, Kodeš V, Čupr P. Current-use pesticide exposure pathways in Czech adults and children from the CELSPAC-SPECIMEn cohort. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 181:108297. [PMID: 37939438 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study, we aimed to characterise exposure to pyrethroids, organophosphates, and tebuconazole through multiple pathways in 110 parent-child pairs participating in the CELSPAC-SPECIMEn study. METHODS First, we estimated the daily intake (EDI) of pesticides based on measured urinary metabolites. Second, we compared EDI with estimated pesticide intake from food. We used multiple linear regression to identify the main predictors of urinary pesticide concentrations. We also assessed the relationship between urinary pesticide concentrations and organic and non-organic food consumption while controlling for a range of factors. Finally, we employed a model to estimate inhalation and dermal exposure due to spray drift and volatilization after assuming pesticide application in crop fields. RESULTS EDI was often higher in children in comparison to adults, especially in the winter season. A comparison of food intake estimates and EDI suggested diet as a critical pathway of tebuconazole exposure, less so in the case of organophosphates. Regression models showed that consumption per g of peaches/apricots was associated with an increase of 0.37% CI [0.23% to 0.51%] in urinary tebuconazole metabolite concentrations. Consumption of white bread was associated with an increase of 0.21% CI [0.08% to 0.35%], and consumption of organic strawberries was inversely associated (-61.52% CI [-79.34% to -28.32%]), with urinary pyrethroid metabolite concentrations. Inhalation and dermal exposure seemed to represent a relatively small contribution to pesticide exposure as compared to dietary intake. CONCLUSION In our study population, findings indicate diet plays a significant role in exposure to the analysed pesticides. We found an influence of potential exposure due to spray drift and volatilization among the subpopulation residing near presumably sprayed crop fields to be minimal in comparison. However, the lack of data indicating actual spraying occurred during the critical 24-hour period prior to urine sample collection could be a significant contributing factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libor Šulc
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Figueiredo
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anke Huss
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jiří Kalina
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Gregor
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Janoš
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šenk
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Dalecká
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Andrýsková
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vít Kodeš
- Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Čupr
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic.
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11
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Guo C, Liu Y, Liu Y, Zhang X, Lv L, Li M. Research on knowledge construction and analysis of pesticide exposure to children based on bibliometrics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:100325-100339. [PMID: 37648921 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29457-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide exposure is a major health problem that cannot be ignored, and children are particularly vulnerable and sensitive. As a result, the study of health damage in children caused by pesticide exposure has gradually developed into an important cross-disciplinary research topic. In this study, we reviewed the current state, characteristics, and trends of existing research findings and summarized them comprehensively and systematically through bibliometrics. We collected and examined a large number of studies using Citespace and Vosviewer, employing a clustering method to analyze the effects of pesticide exposure on children and to highlight the hot keywords in the research field. Through an analysis of the active time of high-frequency keywords, we found that the research field is in a hot spot, and the occurrence value of keywords was used to judge the innovation of the research results, thereby highlighting the frontier and key directions of future research in this field. We conclude that in addition to core pesticides, children, exposure, and other malaria and polychlorinated biphenyls also appear as high-frequency keywords in the research field of pesticide exposure effects on children. The core issues of concern in this field include occupational pesticide exposure and childhood leukemia, history of pesticide exposure during pregnancy and childhood leukemia, environmental factors and dietary intake and organophosphorus pesticide exposure in children, and pyrethroid pesticide exposure and neurobehavioral development in children. Future research may focus on how to control the safe use of pesticides, quantitative research on pesticide hazards, and potential effects on children's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161000, China
- Inner Mongolia Traditional Chinese & Mongolian Medical Research Institute, Hohhot, 010010, China
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, 010110, China
| | - Yibo Liu
- Inner Mongolia Traditional Chinese & Mongolian Medical Research Institute, Hohhot, 010010, China
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, 010110, China
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuchao Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161000, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lijuan Lv
- Department of Basic Science, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Minhui Li
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161000, China.
- Inner Mongolia Traditional Chinese & Mongolian Medical Research Institute, Hohhot, 010010, China.
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, 010110, China.
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.
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12
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Lesseur C, Kaur K, Kelly SD, Hermetz K, Williams R, Hao K, Marsit CJ, Caudle WM, Chen J. Effects of prenatal pesticide exposure on the fetal brain and placenta transcriptomes in a rodent model. Toxicology 2023; 490:153498. [PMID: 37019170 PMCID: PMC10152924 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides are among the most extensively used insecticides worldwide. Prenatal exposures to both classes of pesticides have been linked to a wide range of neurobehavioral deficits in the offspring. The placenta is a neuroendocrine organ and the crucial regulator of the intrauterine environment; early-life toxicant exposures could impact neurobehavior by disrupting placental processes. Female C57BL/6 J mice were exposed via oral gavage to an organophosphate, chlorpyrifos (CPF) at 5 mg/kg, a pyrethroid, deltamethrin (DM), at 3 mg/kg, or vehicle only control (CTL). Exposure began two weeks before breeding and continued every three days until euthanasia at gestational day 17. The transcriptomes of fetal brain (CTL n = 18, CPF n = 6, DM n = 8) and placenta (CTL n = 19, CPF n = 16, DM n = 12) were obtained through RNA sequencing, and resulting data was evaluated using weighted gene co-expression networks, differential expression, and pathway analyses. Fourteen brain gene co-expression modules were identified; CPF exposure disrupted the module related to ribosome and oxidative phosphorylation, whereas DM disrupted the modules related to extracellular matrix and calcium signaling. In the placenta, network analyses revealed 12 gene co-expression modules. While CPF exposure disrupted modules related to endocytosis, Notch and Mapk signaling, DM exposure dysregulated modules linked to spliceosome, lysosome and Mapk signaling pathways. Overall, in both tissues, CPF exposure impacted oxidative phosphorylation, while DM was linked to genes involved in spliceosome and cell cycle. The transcription factor Max involved in cell proliferation was overexpressed by both pesticides in both tissues. In summary, gestational exposure to two different classes of pesticide can induce similar pathway-level transcriptome changes in the placenta and the brain; further studies should investigate if these changes are linked to neurobehavioral impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Lesseur
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Box 1057, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kirtan Kaur
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Box 1057, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sean D Kelly
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Karen Hermetz
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Randy Williams
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Box 1057, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Carmen J Marsit
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - W Michael Caudle
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Box 1057, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Rodriguez-Carrillo A, Remy S, D'Cruz SC, Salamanca-Fernandez E, Gil F, Olmedo P, Mustieles V, Vela-Soria F, Baken K, Olea N, Smagulova F, Fernandez MF, Freire C. Kisspeptin as potential biomarker of environmental chemical mixture effect on reproductive hormone profile: A pilot study in adolescent males. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 868:161668. [PMID: 36657687 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kisspeptin has been proposed as an effect biomarker to understand the mechanisms by which some environmental chemicals adversely affect the human reproductive system. OBJECTIVE To ascertain whether kisspeptin serum protein and DNA methylation levels are associated with exposure to several environmental chemicals (individually and as a mixture) and serum reproductive hormone levels in adolescent males. METHODS Three phenols (bisphenol A [BPA], methyl-paraben [MPB], and benzophenone-3 [BP3]); two toxic metals (arsenic and cadmium); and four metabolites of non-persistent pesticides, including insecticides (2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol [IMPy], malathion diacid [MDA], and dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid [DCCA]) and fungicides (ethylene thiourea [ETU]) were measured in first-morning urine samples of 133 adolescent males aged 15-17 years from the INMA-Granada cohort. In blood samples collected on the same day, KISS1 gene DNA methylation was measured at four CpGs from the Exon IV, as well as serum levels of kiss54 protein, total testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), sex hormone binding-globulin, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Multiple linear regression and mixture (quantile g-computation) models were fit. RESULTS Urinary MDA and DCCA concentrations were associated with higher kiss54 levels [% change (95%CI) for each log-unit increase in concentration = 2.90 (0.32;5.56), and 1.93 (0.45,3.43), respectively]; IMPy with lower DNA methylation percentage at CpG1 and total CpGs [% change (95%CI) = -1.15 (-1.96;-0.33): -0.89 (-1.73;-0.01), respectively]; and BP3 and DCCA with lower total CpGs methylation [-0.53 (-1.04;-0.01) and - 0.69 (-1.37;-0.01), respectively]. The pesticide mixture and the whole chemical mixture were associated with higher kiss54 [% change (95%CI) = 9.09 (3.29;15.21) and 11.61 (3.96;19.82), respectively] and lower methylation levels at several CpGs. Additionally, serum kiss54 in the third tertile was associated with higher LH levels [% change (95%CI) = 28.69 (3.75-59.63)], and third-tertile CpG1, CpG2, and total CpG methylation percentages were associated with lower FSH and E2. CONCLUSION The findings of the present study and the negative correlation between serum kiss54 levels and KISS1 DNA methylation percentages suggested that kisspeptin may be a promising effect biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rodriguez-Carrillo
- Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Sylvie Remy
- Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Shereen Cynthia D'Cruz
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Elena Salamanca-Fernandez
- Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Fernando Gil
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Pablo Olmedo
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Vicente Mustieles
- Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Fernando Vela-Soria
- Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Kirsten Baken
- Unit Health, VITO, Flemish Institute for Technological Research, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Nicolás Olea
- Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Fátima Smagulova
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Mariana F Fernandez
- Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Carmen Freire
- Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
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Hao F, Bu Y, Huang S, Li W, Feng H, Wang Y. Effects of pyrethroids on the cerebellum and related mechanisms: a narrative review. Crit Rev Toxicol 2023; 53:229-243. [PMID: 37417402 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2023.2229384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroids (PYRs) are a group of synthetic organic chemicals that mimic natural pyrethrins. Due to their low toxicity and persistence in mammals, they are widely used today. PYRs exhibit higher lipophilicity than other insecticides, which allows them to easily penetrate the blood-brain barrier and directly induce toxic effects on the central nervous system. Several studies have shown that the cerebellum appears to be one of the regions with the largest changes in biomarkers. The cerebellum, which is extremely responsive to PYRs, functions as a crucial region for storing motor learning memories. Exposure to low doses of various types of PYRs during rat development resulted in diverse long-term effects on motor activity and coordination functions. Reduced motor activity may result from developmental exposure to PYRs in rats, as indicated by delayed cerebellar morphogenesis and maturation. PYRs also caused adverse histopathological and biochemical changes in the cerebellum of mothers and their offspring. By some studies, PYRs may affect granule cells and Purkinje cells, causing damage to cerebellar structures. Destruction of cerebellar structures and morphological defects in Purkinje cells are known to be directly related to functional impairment of motor coordination. Although numerous data support that PYRs cause damage to cerebellar structures, function and development, the mechanisms are not completely understood and require further in-depth studies. This paper reviews the available evidence on the relationship between the use of PYRs and cerebellar damage and discusses the mechanisms of PYRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Ye Bu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Shasha Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Wanqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Huiwen Feng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
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Antonangeli LM, Kenzhebekova S, Colosio C. Neurobehavioral Effects of Low-Dose Chronic Exposure to Insecticides: A Review. TOXICS 2023; 11:192. [PMID: 36851066 PMCID: PMC9963921 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The modes of action of insecticides frequently involve a neurotoxic effect; therefore, the study of neurotoxic effects caused by long-term and low-dose insecticide exposure is of particular interest. This study looks at whether or not new studies conducted after 2009 and up to 2021 have provided new evidence for a better understanding of the actual neurobehavioral risk associated with long-term insecticide exposure. We selected and reviewed studies carried out on the neurobehavioral effects of neurotoxic insecticides (organophosphates and/or carbamates, pyrethroids, multiple or undefined insecticides, and organochlorines) considering occupational and non-occupational exposures. The articles were also scored and ranked based on seven parameters. Eighty-six studies were chosen for a final review process from among the 950 scientific papers identified. Twenty-six addressed occupational exposure and six environmental exposure. Among the latter group of studies, 17 focused on rural residents, to be assumed exposed because of living in rural areas, and 43 on the general population. Pending doubts have not been resolved in the last ten years due to the presence of contradictory and hardly comparable results and the fact that in most of the studies showing an evident neurobehavioral impairment the frequent presence of a previous episode of poisoning and hospitalization, with severe brain hypoxia, impaired the possibility of confirming the presence of a causal association with insecticide exposure. Interestingly, the most severely exposed groups, such as applicators who did not wear personal protective equipment, performed worse on neurobehavioral tests. As for residential exposure, there is sufficient evidence to suggest that prenatal OP exposure may increase the risk of ADHD in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saniya Kenzhebekova
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, International Centre for Rural Health of the Santi Paolo e Carlo ASST of Milan, 20142 Milano, Italy
| | - Claudio Colosio
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, International Centre for Rural Health of the Santi Paolo e Carlo ASST of Milan, 20142 Milano, Italy
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Oh J, Kim K, Kannan K, Parsons PJ, Mlodnicka A, Schmidt RJ, Schweitzer JB, Hertz-Picciotto I, Bennett DH. Early childhood exposure to environmental phenols and parabens, phthalates, organophosphate pesticides, and trace elements in association with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in the CHARGE study. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2565914. [PMID: 36798220 PMCID: PMC9934759 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2565914/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Agrowing body of literature investigated childhood exposure to environmental chemicals in association with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, but limited studies considered urinary mixtures of multiple chemical classes. This study examined associations of concurrent exposure to non-persistent chemicals with ADHD symptoms in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), developmental delay, and typical development. Methods A total of 574 children aged 2-5 years from the Childhood Autism Risks from Genetics and Environment (CHARGE) case-control study was administered the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC). This study focused on the Hyperactivity subscale and its two subdomains (hyperactivity/impulsivity, inattention). Sixty-two chemicals from four classes (phenols/parabens, phthalates, organophosphate pesticides, trace elements) were quantified in child urine samples, and 43 chemicals detected in >70% samples were used in statistical analyses. Weighted quantile sum regression for negative binomial outcomes with repeated holdout validation was performed to investigate covariate-adjusted associations between mixtures and ABC scores in 574 children. The mixture analyses were further restricted to 232 children with ASD. Results Phthalate metabolite mixtures, weighted for mono-n-butylphthalate (MNBP), mono-2-heptyl phthalate, and mono-carboxy isononyl phthalate, were associated with the Hyperactivity subscale (mean incidence rate ratio [mIRR] = 1.11; 2.5th, 97.5th percentile: 1.00, 1.23), especially the hyperactivity/impulsivity subdomain (mIRR = 1.14; 2.5th, 97.5th percentile: 1.06, 1.26). These associations remained similar after restricting to children with ASD. The inattention subdomain was associated with a phenols/parabens mixture, weighted for several parabens and bisphenols (mIRR = 1.13; 2.5th, 97.5th percentile: 1.00, 1.28) and a total mixture, weighted for 3,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid, MNBR and mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (mIRR = 1.11; 2.5th, 97.5th percentile: 1.01,1.25) only among children with ASD. Conclusions Concurrent exposure to phthalate mixtures was associated with hyperactivity in early childhood. Though causal inference cannot be made based on our cross-sectional findings, this study warrants further research on mixtures of larger number of chemicals from multiple classes in association with ADHD-related behaviors in young children.
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Raposo-Garcia S, Costas C, Louzao MC, Vale C, Botana LM. Synergistic effect of environmental food pollutants: Pesticides and marine biotoxins. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:160111. [PMID: 36370778 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Emerging marine biotoxins such as ciguatoxins and pyrethroid compounds, widely used in agriculture, are independently treated as environmental toxicants. Their maximum residue levels in food components are set without considering their possible synergistic effects as consequence of their interaction with the same cellular target. There is an absolute lack of data on the possible combined cellular effects that biological and chemical pollutants, may have. Nowadays, an increasing presence of ciguatoxins in European Coasts has been reported and these toxins can affect human health. Similarly, the increasing use of phytosanitary products for control of food plagues has raised exponentially during the last decades due to climate change. The lack of data and regulation evaluating the combined effect of environmental pollutants with the same molecular target led us to analyse their in vitro effects. In this work, the effects of ciguatoxins and pyrethroids in human sodium channels were investigated. The results presented in this study indicate that both types of compounds have a profound synergistic effect in voltage-dependent sodium channels. These food pollutants act by decreasing the maximum peak inward sodium currents and hyperpolarizing the sodium channels activation, effects that are boosted by the simultaneous presence of both compounds. A fact that highlights the need to re-evaluate their limits in feedstock as well as their potential in vivo toxicity considering that they act on the same cellular target. Moreover, this work sets the cellular basis to further apply this type of studies to other water and food pollutants that may act synergistically and thus implement the corresponding regulatory limits taking into account its presence in a healthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Raposo-Garcia
- Departamento de Farmacologı́a, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Celia Costas
- Departamento de Farmacologı́a, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - M Carmen Louzao
- Departamento de Farmacologı́a, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Carmen Vale
- Departamento de Farmacologı́a, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Luis M Botana
- Departamento de Farmacologı́a, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
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18
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Kadawathagedara M, Muckle G, Cordier S, Michineau L, Tressieres B, Mallard A, Kovacic L, Multigner L, Quénel P, Chevrier C. Simultaneous exposure to both Zika virus and household insecticides during pregnancy, and fetal growth and infant developmental behavior outcomes at 18 months, in Guadeloupe. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114256. [PMID: 36096163 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perinatal infection with Zika virus (ZIKV) could result in adverse growth, developmental and behavioral outcomes, while insecticides used to control mosquitoes are neurotoxic. OBJECTIVES We aim to study the role played by exposure during pregnancy to both ZIKV and household insecticides in newborn health, development and behavior at age of 18 months. METHODS Maternal and cord blood samples from a cohort of pregnant women (created during Guadeloupe's Zika epidemic of 2016) were used to identify ZIKV infection during pregnancy. A self-administered questionnaire at birth documented prenatal household use of insecticides. Birth weight and head circumference were collected from maternity records (n = 708). Infant development and behaviors were documented at 18 months of age through the Ages and Stages Questionnaire and the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (n = 409). Logistic and linear regression models were performed, taking into account confounding factors. RESULTS Use of household insecticides was associated with smaller head circumference and lower birth weight among newborns from mothers not exposed to ZIKV: 0.3 cm (95% CI: 0.6, 0) and -82 g (95% CI: 165, 0), respectively. Similar decreases were observed with ZIKV exposure among mothers not reporting household insecticides use, and with presence of both exposures. The combined presence of ZIKV exposure and insecticide use was associated with lower ASQ fine motor scores (-3.9; 95% CI: 7.3, -0.4), and higher hyperactivity scores (0.8; 95% CI: 0.0, 1.5), compared to no exposure to either. A higher opposition score was observed in association with ZIKV exposure among non-users of insecticide (0.6; 95% CI: 0.0, 1.2). CONCLUSION Adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 months of age were observed with prenatal ZIKV exposure, and with higher magnitude when mothers reported use of household insecticides. At birth, rates of adverse fetal growth were however similar for the combined presence of exposure and either of the exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kadawathagedara
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, IRSET UMR_S 1085, F-3500, Rennes, France.
| | - G Muckle
- École de Psychologie, Université Laval, et Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - S Cordier
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, IRSET UMR_S 1085, F-3500, Rennes, France
| | - L Michineau
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, IRSET UMR_S 1085, F-3500, Rennes, France
| | - B Tressieres
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, Inserm, CIC 1424, 97159 Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - A Mallard
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, Inserm, CIC 1424, 97159 Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - L Kovacic
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, Inserm, CIC 1424, 97159 Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - L Multigner
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, IRSET UMR_S 1085, F-3500, Rennes, France
| | - P Quénel
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, IRSET UMR_S 1085, F-3500, Rennes, France
| | - C Chevrier
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, IRSET UMR_S 1085, F-3500, Rennes, France
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DeLay K, Lin EZ, Koelmel JP, Bornman R, Obida M, Chevrier J, Godri Pollitt KJ. Personal air pollutant exposure monitoring in South African children in the VHEMBE birth cohort. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 170:107524. [PMID: 36260950 PMCID: PMC9982749 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The burden of disease associated with environmental exposures disproportionately impacts residents of low- and middle-income countries. Children living in rural regions of these countries may experience higher exposure to insecticides from indoor residual spraying used for malaria control and household air pollution. This study evaluated environmental exposures of children living in a rural region of South Africa. Quantifying exposure levels and identifying characteristics that are associated with exposure in this geographic region has been challenging due to limitations with available monitoring techniques. Wearable passive samplers have recently been shown to be a convenient and reliable tool for assessing personal exposures. In this study, a passive sampler wristband, known as Fresh Air wristband, was worn by 49 children (five-years of age) residing in the Limpopo province of South Africa. The study leveraged ongoing research within the Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies, and their Environment (VHEMBE) birth cohort. A wide range of chemicals (35 in total) were detected using the wristbands, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine pesticides, phthalates, and organophosphate esters (OPEs) flame retardants. Higher concentrations of PAHs were observed among children from households that fell below the food poverty threshold, did not have access to electric cookstoves/burners, or reported longer times of cooking or burning materials during the sampling period. Concentrations of p,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDT were also found to be elevated for children from households falling below the food poverty threshold as well as for children whose households were sprayed for malaria control within the previous 1.5 years. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using passive sampler wristbands as a non-invasive method for personal exposure assessment of children in rural regions of South Africa to complex mixtures environmental contaminants derived from a combination of sources. Future studies are needed to further identify and understand the effects of airborne environmental contaminants on childhood development and strategies to mitigate exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayley DeLay
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Elizabeth Z Lin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jeremy P Koelmel
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Riana Bornman
- University of Pretoria Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control and School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Muvhulawa Obida
- University of Pretoria Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control and School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Chevrier
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Krystal J Godri Pollitt
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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20
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Roggeman M, Gys C, Klimowska A, Bastiaensen M, Wielgomas B, Ait Bamai Y, Covaci A. Reviewing the variability in urinary concentrations of non-persistent organic chemicals: evaluation across classes, sampling strategies and dilution corrections. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114332. [PMID: 36116496 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Various biomonitoring studies have been carried out to investigate the exposure of populations by measuring non-persistent organic chemicals in urine. To accurately assess the exposure, study designs should be carefully developed to maximise reproducibility and achieve good characterization of the temporal variability. To test these parameters, the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) are calculated from repeated measurements and range from poor (<0.4) to excellent (≥0.75). Several studies have reported ICCs based on diverse study designs, but an overview, including recommendations for future studies, was lacking. Therefore, this review aimed to collect studies describing ICCs of non-persistent organic chemicals, discuss variations due to study design and formulate recommendations for future studies. More than 60 studies were selected, considering various chemical classes: bisphenols, pyrethroids, parabens, phthalates, alternative plasticizers and phosphate flame retardants. The variation in ICCs for an individual chemical was high (e.g. ICC of propyl paraben = 0.28-0.91), showing the large impact of the study design and of the specific exposure sources. The highest ICCs were reported for parabens (median = 0.52), while lowest ICCs were for 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (median = 0.08) and bisphenol A (median = 0.20). Overall, chemicals that had an exposure source with high variation, such as the diet, showed lower ICCs than those with more stable exposure sources, such as indoor materials. Urine correction by specific gravity had an overall positive effect on reducing the variability of ICCs. However, this effect was mostly seen in the adult population, while specific compounds showed less variation with creatinine correction. Single samples might not accurately capture the exposure to most non-persistent organic chemicals, especially when small populations are sampled. Future studies that examine compounds with low ICCs should take adequate measures to improve accuracy, such as correcting dilution with specific gravity or collecting multiple samples for one participant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Roggeman
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
| | - Celine Gys
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
| | - Anna Klimowska
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium; Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. Hallera 107, Gdańsk, 80-416, Poland
| | - Michiel Bastiaensen
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
| | - Bartosz Wielgomas
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. Hallera 107, Gdańsk, 80-416, Poland
| | - Yu Ait Bamai
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium; Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium.
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21
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Lehmler HJ, Simonsen D, Garcia AQ, Irfan NM, Dean L, Wang H, von Elsterman M, Li X. A systematic review of human biomonitoring studies of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, a urinary biomarker pyrethroid insecticide exposure, 1997 to 2019. HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH ADVANCES 2022; 4:100018. [PMID: 36644572 PMCID: PMC9838198 DOI: 10.1016/j.heha.2022.100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroid insecticides are used, for example, in agriculture, indoor environments, and mosquito control programs, resulting in human exposure. Urinary 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) is a nonspecific biomarker for exposure to many pyrethroids. This systematic review identified human biomonitoring studies with 3-PBA that characterize environmental pyrethroid exposures in children and adolescents, pregnant women, and adults or occupational pyrethroid exposures relative to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) populations in the United States (US). PubMed, Embase, and SciFinder were searched for "3-phenoxybenzoic acid ", CAS No. 3739-38-6, and urine or urinary or urine level. Duplicate studies and studies meeting the exclusion criteria were removed from the search results based on predetermined exclusion criteria. This screening process identified 57 papers. Twenty-one, thirteen, twenty-two, and eleven manuscripts reported urinary 3-PBA levels in children, pregnant women, environmentally exposed adults, and occupationally exposed adults, respectively. Median 3-PBA levels ranged from 0.2 to 4.7 μg/g creatinine in children (1999-2016), 0.23-1.55 μg/g creatinine in pregnant women (1997-2014), and 0.11-3.34 μg/g creatinine in environmentally exposed adults (1999-2017). 3-PBA levels in occupationally exposed adults were significantly higher than in environmentally exposed populations, ranging from 0.43 to 14 μg/g creatinine (2004-2017). 3-PBA levels in children and adults from the general North American population increased significantly with the sampling year. A decrease in 3-PBA levels was noted in the adult cohorts from PR China and Japan. 3-PBA levels in most studies appeared to be comparable to levels in the NHANES populations; however, some smaller studies had high pyrethroid exposures. Factors contributing to higher 3-PBA levels in the general population included primarily dietary exposures and residential and agricultural pyrethroid applications. These findings demonstrate that pyrethroid exposures are near-ubiquitous worldwide and, in some regions, appear to increase over time. Thus, exposures to pyrethroid insecticides represent a continuing public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, Graduate College, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA,Corresponding author: The University of Iowa, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa Research Park, #221 IREH, Iowa City, IA 52242-5000, USA, (H.-J. Lehmler)
| | - Derek Simonsen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, Graduate College, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Alana Quintero Garcia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Nafis Md Irfan
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, Graduate College, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Laura Dean
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | | | - Xueshu Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Pitzer EM, Sugimoto C, Regan SL, Gudelsky GA, Williams MT, Vorhees CV. Developmental deltamethrin: Sex-specific hippocampal effects in Sprague Dawley rats. Curr Res Toxicol 2022; 3:100093. [PMID: 36393872 PMCID: PMC9661443 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2022.100093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrethroid pesticides are widely used and can cause long-term effects after early exposure. Epidemiological and animal studies reveal associations between pyrethroid exposure and altered cognition following prenatal and/or neonatal exposure. However, little is known about the cellular effects of such exposure. Sprague Dawley rats were gavaged with 0 or 1.0 mg/kg deltamethrin (DLM), a Type II pyrethroid, in corn oil (dose volume 5 mL/kg) once per day from postnatal day (P) 3-20 and assessed shortly after dosing ended or as adults. No effects of DLM exposure were found on striatal dopaminergic markers, nor on AMPA receptor subunits or on NMDA-NR1. However, DLM increased NMDA-NR2A and decreased NMDA-NR2B levels in the hippocampus, in males but not females. Additionally, adult hippocampal CA1 long-term potentiation was increased in DLM-treated males but not females. Potassium stimulated extracellular glutamate release in the hippocampus was not affected using in vivo microdialysis. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) showed increased apoptotic cells in the dentate gyrus of male rats, in the absence of changes in cleaved caspase-3 at P21. Proinflammatory cytokines interferon gamma trended up in striatum, interleukin-1β trended down in nucleus accumbens, IL-13 trended up in hippocampus, and keratinocyte chemoattractant/human growth-regulated oncogene (KC/GRO or CXCL1) was significantly increased in the hippocampus in male DLM-treated rats on P20. The data point to the developing hippocampus as a susceptible region to DLM-induced adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Pitzer
- Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Chiho Sugimoto
- Dept. of Physiology, Michigan State University, 766 Service Rd. 5401 Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Building, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Samantha L. Regan
- Dept. of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical Center, 3703 Med Sci II, 1241 E. Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5618, USA
| | - Gary A. Gudelsky
- College of Pharmacy, Div. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3212 Medical Sciences Building, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Michael T. Williams
- Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Charles V. Vorhees
- Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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23
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Yan T, Wang M, Yan K, Ding X, Niu D, Yang S, Zhou X, Zhang C, Zhu X, Tang S, Li J. Associations of organophosphate metabolites with thyroid hormone and antibody levels: findings from U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:79594-79604. [PMID: 35713824 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21385-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that organophosphate pesticides (OPs) exposure may disrupt thyroid endocrine functions in animal models, agricultural population, occupational workers, and work-related population. However, the relationships between OPs exposure and thyroid hormone levels in the general population are unclear. This study aimed to explore the relationships of OPs exposure with thyroid hormone and antibody levels in the general population. We analyzed a sample of 1089 US adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2002. OPs exposure was estimated using measures of six non-specific dialkyl phosphate metabolites (DAPs), e.g., dimethylphosphate (DMP). Multiple linear regression models were used to examine the associations of OPs exposure with thyroid hormone and antibody levels. The medians of urinary ∑DAPs detected in males and females were 32.98 nmol/g creatinine and 40.77 nmol/g creatinine, with statistical significance (p = 0.001). After controlling for sociodemographic factors, we found that concentrations of urinary OPs metabolites were positively associated with the serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in the general US population, particularly in males; OPs metabolites were associated with the serum TgAb, tT3, fT3, and TSH. These findings showed that thyroid hormone and antibody disruption are probably associated with OPs exposure in the general population; more studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenglong Yan
- Beijing Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Minghui Wang
- Department of Neurology, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100093, Beijing, China
| | - Kanglin Yan
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiaowen Ding
- Beijing Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Dongsheng Niu
- Beijing Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Siwen Yang
- National Center for Occupational Safety and Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 102308, China
| | - Xingfan Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Occupational Safety and Health, Institute of Urban Safety and Environmental Science, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, 100054, China
| | - Chuyi Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Occupational Safety and Health, Institute of Urban Safety and Environmental Science, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, 100054, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhu
- National Center for Occupational Safety and Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 102308, China.
| | - Shichuan Tang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Occupational Safety and Health, Institute of Urban Safety and Environmental Science, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, 100054, China
| | - Jue Li
- Beijing Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, 100093, China
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24
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An S, Rauch SA, Maphula A, Obida M, Kogut K, Bornman R, Chevrier J, Eskenazi B. In-utero exposure to DDT and pyrethroids and child behavioral and emotional problems at 2 years of age in the VHEMBE cohort, South Africa. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 306:135569. [PMID: 35798156 PMCID: PMC9520228 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Half the world's population is at risk for malaria. Indoor residual spraying (IRS) with insecticides has been effective in controlling malaria, yet the potential neurotoxicity of these insecticides is of concern, particularly for infants exposed in utero. OBJECTIVES To determine the association of prenatal exposure to DDT/DDE and pyrethroid insecticides and behavioral/emotional problems in two-year-old children. METHODS The Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies and their Environment (VHEMBE) birth cohort in South Africa, measured concentrations of p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE in maternal serum and pyrethroid metabolites (cis-DBCA, cis-DCCA, trans-DCCA, and 3-PBA) in maternal urine collected during pregnancy. At 2 years, 683 mothers were interviewed about their children's behavior and emotional development, using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). We examined associations between behavioral or emotional problems and biomarkers of prenatal insecticide exposure. RESULTS Maternal serum p,p'-DDT concentrations were associated with heightened withdrawn behavior in 2-year olds, with a 0.24 increase in raw scores (95%CI = 0.00, 0.49) and a 12% increase (95%CI = 1.01, 1.23) in risk of being at or above the borderline-clinical level, per 10-fold increase in concentrations. Ten-fold increases in p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE were related to 30% (RR = 1.30; 95%CI = 1.01, 1.67) and 39% (RR = 1.39; 95%CI =1.01, 1.91) higher risks, respectively, for increased oppositional-defiant behavior. p,p'-DDE concentrations were also related to increased risk of ADHD-related problems (RR = 1.30; 95%CI = 0.98, 1.72). Maternal urinary concentrations of cis-DBCA and 3-PBA were associated with increased risk of externalizing behaviors (RR = 1.30; 95%CI = 1.05, 1.62; RR = 1.35, 95%CI = 1.03, 1.78 per 10-fold increase, respectively), with some evidence of an association between cis-DBCA and affective disorders (RR = 1.25; 95%CI = 0.99, 1.56). Some associations with maternal pyrethroid concentrations were stronger in girls than boys. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal exposure to DDT and pyrethroid insecticides may be associated with maternally-reported behavioral problems in two-year-old children. Given their long history and continued use, further investigation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sookee An
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Stephen A Rauch
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Angelina Maphula
- University of Pretoria Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control and School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Psychology, University of Venda, Limpopo, South Africa
| | - Muvhulawa Obida
- University of Pretoria Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control and School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Katherine Kogut
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Riana Bornman
- University of Pretoria Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control and School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Chevrier
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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25
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Andersen HR, David A, Freire C, Fernández MF, D'Cruz SC, Reina-Pérez I, Fini JB, Blaha L. Pyrethroids and developmental neurotoxicity - A critical review of epidemiological studies and supporting mechanistic evidence. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113935. [PMID: 35870501 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyrethroid metabolites are widely detectable in urine from the general population, including pregnant women and children. Pyrethroids are neurotoxic and suggested endocrine disruptors. Exposure during vulnerable developmental time windows may have long-term impacts on neurodevelopment. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the epidemiological evidence for neurodevelopmental effects related to prenatal and childhood pyrethroid exposure in a systematic review and to assess biological plausibility by evaluating mechanistic evidence. METHODS We searched PubMed and Web of Science up to September 1, 2021 and included original studies published in English in which pyrethroid exposure was measured or estimated during pregnancy or childhood and associations with neurodevelopmental outcomes in the children were investigated. The Navigation Guide Systematic Review Methodology was used to evaluate the epidemiological evidence. For mechanistic evidence, we focused on relevant key events (KEs) suggested in Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) using the OECD-supported AOP-wiki platform. A systematic search combining the KEs with pyrethroids, including 26 individual compounds, was performed in the ToxCast database. RESULTS Twenty-five epidemiological studies met the inclusion criteria, 17 presented findings on prenatal exposure, 10 on childhood exposure and two on both exposure windows. The overall body of evidence was rated as "moderate quality" with "sufficient evidence" for an association between prenatal pyrethroid exposure and adverse neurodevelopment. For childhood exposure, the overall rating was "low quality" with "limited evidence" because of cross-sectional study design. Regarding mechanistic evidence, we found that pyrethroids are able to interfere with neurodevelopmental KEs included in established AOPs for adverse neurodevelopmental. The evidence was strongest for interference with thyroid hormone (TH) function. CONCLUSION Pyrethroids are probably human developmental neurotoxicants and adverse impacts of pyrethroid exposure on neurodevelopment are likely at exposure levels occurring in the general population. Preventive measures to reduce exposure among pregnant women and children are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helle Raun Andersen
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Arthur David
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Carmen Freire
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERSP), Spain
| | - Mariana F Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERSP), Spain; Biomedical Research Center (CIBM); School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Shereen Cynthia D'Cruz
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Iris Reina-Pérez
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERSP), Spain; Biomedical Research Center (CIBM); School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Jean-Baptiste Fini
- Unité PhyMA laboratory, Adaptation du Vivant Department, UMR 7221 MNHN/CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Ludek Blaha
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
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26
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Rodríguez-Carrillo A, D'Cruz SC, Mustieles V, Suárez B, Smagulova F, David A, Peinado F, Artacho-Cordón F, López LC, Arrebola JP, Olea N, Fernández MF, Freire C. Exposure to non-persistent pesticides, BDNF, and behavioral function in adolescent males: Exploring a novel effect biomarker approach. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 211:113115. [PMID: 35292247 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous contemporary non-persistent pesticides may elicit neurodevelopmental impairments. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been proposed as a novel effect biomarker of neurological function that could help to understand the biological responses of some environmental exposures. OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationship between exposure to various non-persistent pesticides, BDNF, and behavioral functioning among adolescents. METHODS The concentrations of organophosphate (OP) insecticide metabolites 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy), 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine (IMPy), malathion diacid (MDA), and diethyl thiophosphate (DETP); metabolites of pyrethroids 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) and dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (DCCA), the metabolite of insecticide carbaryl 1-naphthol (1-N), and the metabolite of ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate fungicides ethylene thiourea (ETU) were measured in spot urine samples, as well as serum BDNF protein levels and blood DNA methylation of Exon IV of BDNF gene in 15-17-year-old boys from the INMA-Granada cohort in Spain. Adolescents' behavior was reported by parents using the Child Behavior Check List (CBCL/6-18). This study included 140 adolescents of whom 118 had data on BDNF gene DNA methylation. Multivariable linear regression, weighted quantile sum (WQS) for mixture effects, and mediation models were fit. RESULTS IMPy, MDA, DCCA, and ETU were detected in more than 70% of urine samples, DETP in 53%, and TCPy, 3-PBA, and 1-N in less than 50% of samples. Higher levels of IMPy, TCPy, and ETU were significantly associated with more behavioral problems as social, thought problems, and rule-breaking symptoms. IMPy, MDA, DETP, and 1-N were significantly associated with decreased serum BDNF levels, while MDA, 3-PBA, and ETU were associated with higher DNA methylation percentages at several CpGs. WQS models suggest a mixture effect on more behavioral problems and BDNF DNA methylation at several CpGs. A mediated effect of serum BDNF within IMPy-thought and IMPy-rule breaking associations was suggested. CONCLUSION BDNF biomarkers measured at different levels of biological complexity provided novel information regarding the potential disruption of behavioral function due to contemporary pesticides, highlighting exposure to diazinon (IMPy) and the combined effect of IMPy, MDA, DCCA, and ETU. However, further research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rodríguez-Carrillo
- University of Granada, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Department of Radiology, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Shereen C D'Cruz
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, INSERM, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Vicente Mustieles
- University of Granada, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Department of Radiology, 18016, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Beatriz Suárez
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain
| | - Fátima Smagulova
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, INSERM, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Arthur David
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, INSERM, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Francisco Peinado
- University of Granada, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Department of Radiology, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Artacho-Cordón
- University of Granada, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Department of Radiology, 18016, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Luis C López
- University of Granada, Department of Physiology, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan P Arrebola
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain; University of Granada, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Nicolás Olea
- University of Granada, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Department of Radiology, 18016, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Mariana F Fernández
- University of Granada, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Department of Radiology, 18016, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Carmen Freire
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
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27
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Shrestha S, Parks CG, Umbach DM, Hofmann JN, Beane Freeman LE, Blair A, Sandler DP. Use of permethrin and other pyrethroids and mortality in the Agricultural Health Study. Occup Environ Med 2022; 79:664-672. [PMID: 35688626 PMCID: PMC10368161 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2021-108156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pyrethroid insecticides have been linked with multiple health outcomes. One study reported an association with increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Given the widespread use of pyrethroids, these findings warrant confirmation. We explored associations of permethrin/pyrethroid use with overall and cause-specific mortality among 50 665 licensed pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study. METHODS At enrolment (1993-1997), participants self-reported information on permethrin/pyrethroid use. Information on causes of death came from linkage with death registries through 2016. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate HRs and 95% CIs with adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS Over an average 21 years of follow-up, 19.6% (9,955) of the cohort died. We found no clear evidence that ever-use of permethrin/pyrethroid was associated with elevated overall mortality or with mortality from most causes examined. There was suggestive evidence, based on a small number of deaths among those exposed, for elevated pyrethroid-associated mortality from some neurological, respiratory and genitourinary diseases in the overall sample and from lung cancer among never-smokers. CONCLUSION Although based on mortality, which is also affected by survival, rather than incidence, these findings are biologically plausible, and future investigations in other populations may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Shrestha
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christine G Parks
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - David M Umbach
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jonathan N Hofmann
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura E Beane Freeman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Aaron Blair
- Formerly of Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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28
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Elser BA, Hing B, Stevens HE. A narrative review of converging evidence addressing developmental toxicity of pyrethroid insecticides. Crit Rev Toxicol 2022; 52:371-388. [PMID: 36345971 PMCID: PMC9930199 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2022.2122769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pyrethroid insecticides are broadly used in agriculture and household products throughout the world. Exposure to this class of insecticides is widespread, and while generally believed to be safe for use, there is increasing concern regarding their effects on neurodevelopment. Due to the critical roles that molecular targets of pyrethroids play in the regulation of neurodevelopment, particular focus has been placed on evaluating the effects of in utero and childhood pyrethroid exposure on child cognition and behavior. As such, this narrative review synthesizes an assessment of converging study types; we review reports of neonatal pyrethroid levels together with current epidemiological literature that convergently address the risk for developmental toxicity linked to exposure to pyrethroid insecticides. We first address studies that assess the degree of direct fetal exposure to pyrethroids in utero through measurements in cord blood, meconium, and amniotic fluid. We then focus on the links between prenatal exposure to these insecticides and child neurodevelopment, fetal growth, and other adverse birth outcomes. Furthermore, we assess the effects of postnatal exposure on child neurodevelopment through a review of the data on pediatric exposures and child cognitive and behavioral outcomes. Study quality was evaluated individually, and the weight of evidence was assessed broadly to characterize these effects. Overall, while definitive conclusions cannot be reached from the currently available literature, the available data suggest that the potential links between pyrethroid exposure and child neurodevelopmental effects deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Elser
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, Graduate College, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Benjamin Hing
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Hanna E Stevens
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, Graduate College, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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29
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Nishi M, Sugio S, Hirano T, Kato D, Wake H, Shoda A, Murata M, Ikenaka Y, Tabuchi Y, Mantani Y, Yokoyama T, Hoshi N. Elucidation of the neurological effects of clothianidin exposure at the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) using two-photon microscopy in vivo imaging. J Vet Med Sci 2022; 84:585-592. [PMID: 35264496 PMCID: PMC9096047 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonicotinoid pesticides (NNs) cause behavioral abnormalities in mammals, raising
concerns about their effects on neural circuit activity. We herein examined the
neurological effects of the NN clothianidin (CLO) by in vivo
Ca2+ imaging using two-photon microscopy. Mice were fed the
no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) dose of CLO for 2 weeks and their neuronal
activity in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) was observed weekly for 2 weeks. CLO
exposure caused a sustained influx of Ca2+ in neurons in the S1 2/3 layers,
indicating hyperactivation of neurons. In addition, microarray gene expression analysis
suggested the induction of neuroinflammation and changes in synaptic activity. These
results demonstrate that exposure to the NOAEL dose of CLO can overactivate neurons and
disrupt neuronal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misaki Nishi
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University
| | - Shouta Sugio
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University
| | | | - Daisuke Kato
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University
| | - Hiroaki Wake
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University
| | - Asuka Shoda
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University
| | - Midori Murata
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University.,Translational Research Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University.,One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University.,Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University
| | | | - Youhei Mantani
- Laboratory of Histophysiology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University
| | - Toshifumi Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University
| | - Nobuhiko Hoshi
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University
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30
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Hernandez I, Eckel SP, Chavez T, Johnson M, Lerner D, Grubbs B, Toledo-Corral CM, Farzan SF, Habre R, Dunton GF, Breton CV, Bastain TM. Household pesticide exposures and infant gross motor development in the MADRES cohort. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2022; 36:220-229. [PMID: 34964501 PMCID: PMC8881403 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of motor skills in infancy is a vital neurodevelopmental milestone. Although previous studies have explored the neurotoxic effects of agricultural pesticides on infants' motor development, limited research has examined early postnatal household pesticide use on infants' motor development, particularly among urban communities. OBJECTIVE This study examined the association between early postnatal household pesticide use and infants' gross and fine motor development at 6 months of age. METHODS Questionnaires were administered via telephone to 296 mother-infant dyads in the Maternal and Developmental Risks from Environmental and Social Stressors (MADRES) pregnancy cohort. Early life household pesticide use was assessed via questionnaire administered when infants turned 3 months old and gross and fine motor development was assessed by the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3) at 6 months old. Infant gross motor scores were reverse coded so that higher scores indicated lower gross motor performance. Negative binomial regressions were performed to assess the relationship between household pesticide use and infant gross motor development. RESULTS Infants were predominantly Hispanic (78.7%) and full term (gestational age at birth: 39.0 ± 1.9 weeks), with 22.3% of maternal participants reporting household use of rodent and insect pesticides. Adjusting for recruitment site, maternal age, ethnicity, household income, education, infant corrected age, infant sex, and home type, infants with maternal-reported household use of rodent and insect pesticides had 1.30 times higher expected gross motor scores (95% confiidence interval 1.05, 1.61) than infants with no reported use of household pesticides, with higher scores indicating reduced gross motor performance. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest household use of rodent and insect pesticides may harm infants' gross motor development in early childhood. Future research should evaluate the impact of specific household chemicals in infant biospecimens and their associations with infant motor development to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ixel Hernandez
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandrah P. Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Chavez
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark Johnson
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Brendan Grubbs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Claudia M. Toledo-Corral
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Health Sciences, California State University Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Shohreh F. Farzan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rima Habre
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Genevieve F. Dunton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carrie V. Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Theresa M. Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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31
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Hu W, Liu CW, Jiménez JA, McCoy ES, Hsiao YC, Lin W, Engel SM, Lu K, Zylka MJ. Detection of Azoxystrobin Fungicide and Metabolite Azoxystrobin-Acid in Pregnant Women and Children, Estimation of Daily Intake, and Evaluation of Placental and Lactational Transfer in Mice. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:27013. [PMID: 35200037 PMCID: PMC8869102 DOI: 10.1289/ehp9808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Azoxystrobin (AZ) is a broad-spectrum strobilurin fungicide that is used in agriculture and was recently added to mold- and mildew-resistant wallboards. AZ was found to have toxic effects in animals at embryonic stages and was listed as a frontline target for biomonitoring in children. OBJECTIVES This study investigated exposure to AZ in pregnant women and young children, whether AZ could be transferred from an exposed mother to offspring, and whether AZ or one of its primary metabolites, AZ-acid, was neurotoxic in vitro. METHODS We quantified AZ-acid, a sensitive indicator of AZ exposure, in urine samples collected from 8 pregnant women (12 urine samples) and 67 children (40-84 months old; 96 urine samples) with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Gestational and lactational transfer was assessed in C57Bl/6 mice. Neurotoxicity of AZ and AZ-acid was investigated in vitro with mouse cortical neuron cultures. RESULTS AZ-acid was present above the limit of quantification (0.01 ng/mL) in 100% of the urine samples from pregnant women and in 70% of the urine samples from children, with median concentration of 0.10 and 0.07 ng/mL, and maximal concentration of 2.70 and 6.32 ng/mL, respectively. Studies in mice revealed that AZ transferred from the mother to offspring during gestation by crossing the placenta and entered the developing brain. AZ was also transferred to offspring via lactation. High levels of cytotoxicity were observed in embryonic mouse cortical neurons at concentrations that modeled environmentally relevant exposures. DISCUSSION Our study suggested that pregnant women and children were exposed to AZ, and at least 10% of the children (2 out of 20 that were evaluated at two ages) showed evidence of chronic exposure. Future studies are warranted to evaluate whether chronic AZ exposure affects human health and development. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9808.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Hu
- Univerity of North Carolina Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chih-Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jessica A. Jiménez
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eric S. McCoy
- Univerity of North Carolina Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yun-Chung Hsiao
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Weili Lin
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center and Department of Radiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stephanie M. Engel
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kun Lu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark J. Zylka
- Univerity of North Carolina Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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32
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Ramírez V, Gálvez-Ontiveros Y, González-Domenech PJ, Baca MÁ, Rodrigo L, Rivas A. Role of endocrine disrupting chemicals in children's neurodevelopment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 203:111890. [PMID: 34418446 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stressors, like endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC), are considered important contributors to the increased rates of neurodevelopmental dysfunctions. Considering the cumulative research on adverse neurodevelopmental effects associated with prenatal exposure to EDC, the purpose of this study was to review the available limited literature about the effects of postnatal exposure to EDC on child neurodevelopment and behaviour. Despite widespread children's exposure to EDC, there are a limited number of epidemiological studies on the association of this exposure with neurodevelopmental disorders, in particular in the postnatal period. The available research suggests that postnatal EDC exposure is related to adverse neurobehavioral outcomes in children; however the underlying mechanisms of action remain unclear. Timing of exposure is a key factor determining potential neurodevelopmental consequences, hence studying the impact of multiple EDC co-exposure in different vulnerable life periods could guide the identification of sensitive subpopulations. Most of the reviewed studies did not take into account sex differences in the EDC effects on children neurodevelopment. We believe that the inclusion of sex in the study design should be considered as the role of EDC on children neurodevelopment are likely sex-specific and should be taken into consideration when determining susceptibility and potential mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Ramírez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Yolanda Gálvez-Ontiveros
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Pablo José González-Domenech
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Lourdes Rodrigo
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Ana Rivas
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
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Regan SL, Williams MT, Vorhees CV. Review of rodent models of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 132:621-637. [PMID: 34848247 PMCID: PMC8816876 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a polygenic neurodevelopmental disorder that affects 8-12 % of children and >4 % of adults. Environmental factors are believed to interact with genetic predispositions to increase susceptibility to ADHD. No existing rodent model captures all aspects of ADHD, but several show promise. The main genetic models are the spontaneous hypertensive rat, dopamine transporter knock-out (KO) mice, dopamine receptor subtype KO mice, Snap-25 KO mice, guanylyl cyclase-c KO mice, and latrophilin-3 KO mice and rats. Environmental factors thought to contribute to ADHD include ethanol, nicotine, PCBs, lead (Pb), ionizing irradiation, 6-hydroxydopamine, neonatal hypoxia, some pesticides, and organic pollutants. Model validation criteria are outlined, and current genetic models evaluated against these criteria. Future research should explore induced multiple gene KOs given that ADHD is polygenic and epigenetic contributions. Furthermore, genetic models should be combined with environmental agents to test for interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L. Regan
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Michael T. Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Charles V. Vorhees
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229,Corresponding author: Charles V. Vorhees, Ph.D., Div. of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA:
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34
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Tessari L, Angriman M, Díaz-Román A, Zhang J, Conca A, Cortese S. Association Between Exposure to Pesticides and ADHD or Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review of the Literature. J Atten Disord 2022; 26:48-71. [PMID: 32697136 DOI: 10.1177/1087054720940402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review of studies assessing the relationship between exposure to pesticides and ADHD or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). METHODS Based on a pre-registered protocol in PROPSERO (CRD42018107847), we searched PubMed, Ovid databases, and ISI Web of Knowledge with no date/language/document type restrictions, up to May 2019. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale was used to assess study quality. RESULTS Among the 29 retained studies, 13 focused on ADHD, 14 on ASD, and two on both disorders. Ten studies reported a significant association between exposure to pesticides and ADHD/ADHD symptoms and 12 studies found a significant association with ASD/ASD traits. The strengths of the association and the possible confounders controlled for varied substantially across studies. CONCLUSION Whilst there is some evidence suggesting a possible link between pesticides and ADHD/ASD, heterogeneity across studies prevents firm conclusions. We provide methodological indications for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Tessari
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Bolzano, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Andreas Conca
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Bolzano, Italy.,San Maurizio Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Samuele Cortese
- University of Southampton, UK.,Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, UK.,New York University Child Study Center, New York, NY, USA.,University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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35
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Guida Y, Pozo K, Carvalho GOD, Capella R, Targino AC, Torres JPM, Meire RO. Occurrence of pyrethroids in the atmosphere of urban areas of Southeastern Brazil: Inhalation exposure and health risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 290:118020. [PMID: 34450491 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) used decades ago for vector control in urban areas is still reported as a threat to human health. Pyrethroids emerged as a replacement for OCPs in sanitary campaigns and are currently the main insecticides used for vector control worldwide, with prominent use as agricultural and household insecticides, for veterinary and gardening purposes, and as wood preservative. This study aimed to assess the occurrence, seasonal variation, and potential sources of pyrethroids in ambient air of two urban regions of Southeastern Brazil, along with the potential health risks to local populations via inhalation exposure. Pyrethroids were sampled by polyurethane foam passive air samplers and their concentrations were determined by gas chromatography coupled with electron capture negative ionization mass spectrometry (GC/ECNI-MS). Atmospheric pyrethroid concentrations (hereinafter reported in pg m-3) were considerably higher than those reported by previous studies worldwide. Cypermethrin (median: 2446; range: 461-15 125) and permethrin (655; 19-10 328) accounted for 95% of the total measured pyrethroids in ambient air. The remaining fraction comprised smaller amounts of bifenthrin (46; <limit of detection (LOD)-5171), deltamethrin (58; <LOD-564), phenothrin (7; <LOD-22) and fenvalerate (0.3; <LOD-3). Bifenthrin, deltamethrin and permethrin were linked to local sources, while cypermethrin, fenvalerate and phenothrin had more prominent regional contributions. In broad terms, most pyrethroids showed no clear seasonal trend. The concentrations and hazard quotients (HQs) showed the following order of occurrence and magnitude: urban > urban-industrial > background areas. HQs increased with decreasing age group, but deterministic and probabilistic estimates did not identify direct health risks for any group. Nevertheless, since only inhalation exposure was considered in this work, other pathways should be investigated to provide a more comprehensive risk assessment of the human exposure to pyrethroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yago Guida
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Micropoluentes Jan Japenga, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Radioisótopos Eduardo Penna Franca, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Karla Pozo
- RECETOX, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, Concepción, Bío Bío, Chile
| | - Gabriel Oliveira de Carvalho
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Radioisótopos Eduardo Penna Franca, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Raquel Capella
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Micropoluentes Jan Japenga, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Radioisótopos Eduardo Penna Franca, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Admir Créso Targino
- Graduate Program in Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Av. Pioneiros 3131, 86036-370, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Machado Torres
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Micropoluentes Jan Japenga, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ornellas Meire
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Micropoluentes Jan Japenga, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Radioisótopos Eduardo Penna Franca, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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36
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Hardy EM, Dereumeaux C, Guldner L, Briand O, Vandentorren S, Oleko A, Zaros C, Appenzeller BMR. Hair versus urine for the biomonitoring of pesticide exposure: Results from a pilot cohort study on pregnant women. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 152:106481. [PMID: 33706039 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The quantitative assessment of human exposure to contaminants such as pesticides is a crucial step in the characterization of exposure-associated risk. For this purpose, biomonitoring is often privileged as it presents the advantage of integrating all the possible sources and routes of exposure and of being representative of the internal dose resulting from exposure. Although biological fluids such as urine and blood have been used to date for this purpose, increasing interest has also been observed over the past decade for hair analysis. The present work aimed at comparing the information obtained from the analysis of urine versus hair regarding exposure to pesticides in a pilot cohort of pregnant women. METHODS In ninety-three pregnant women included in the pilot of the French cohort ELFE, one urine and one hair sample were collected simultaneously from each subject at the maternity. Samples were analyzed using GC-MS/MS analytical methods allowing for the detection of both parent pesticides and metabolites, and designed to be as similar as possible between urine and hair for reliable inter-matrix comparison. Fifty-two biomarkers of exposure were targeted, including parents and metabolites of organochlorines, organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates, phenylpyrazoles and other pesticides. RESULTS The number of different compounds detected ranged from 16 to 27 (median = 22) in hair, and from 3 to 22 (median = 12) in urine. In hair, 24 compounds were found in > 40% of the individuals, whereas only 12 compounds presented the same frequency of detection in urine. Among the chemicals detected in > 80% of both hair and urine samples, only one (pentachlorophenol) showed a signification correlation between hair and urine concentrations. CONCLUSIONS The present results highlight the multiple exposure of the pregnant women included in this cohort and suggest that hair provides more comprehensive information on pesticide exposure than urine analysis. This study thus supports the relevance of hair analysis in future epidemiological studies investigating association between exposure and adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie M Hardy
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
| | | | | | - Olivier Briand
- French Ministry of Agriculture, Agrifood, and Forestry, Paris, France
| | | | - Amivi Oleko
- Santé Publique France, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Cécile Zaros
- Institut National d'Etudes Démographiques, Aubervilliers, France
| | - Brice M R Appenzeller
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg.
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37
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Chang CH, Yu CJ, Du JC, Chiou HC, Hou JW, Yang W, Chen CF, Chen HC, Chen YS, Hwang B, Chen ML. The associations among organophosphate pesticide exposure, oxidative stress, and genetic polymorphisms of paraoxonases in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 773:145604. [PMID: 33592467 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study will help to clarify the relationship between organophosphate pesticides (OPs) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) related to oxidative stress and paraoxonases (PON) polymorphisms to further characterize the gene-environment interaction. This case-control study enrolled 85 children with ADHD and 96 control subjects. Urinary OP levels were analyzed by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Oxidative stress biomarkers, such as 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 8-nitroguanine (8-NO2-Gua), 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α), and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenoic acid-mercapturic acid (HNE-MA), were analyzed by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion due to interaction (AP), and synergy index (S) were calculated to evaluate the additive interactions between OP exposure and PON genetic polymorphism on ADHD. A causal mediation analysis was conducted to clarify the mediation effects of oxidative stress due to OP exposure on ADHD. Children with ADHD had significantly higher DMP (238.95 nmol/g cre. vs. 164.83 nmol/g cre., p value = 0.01) and HNE-MA (30.75 μg/g cre. vs. 18.41 μg/g cre., p value<0.01) concentrations than control children. Children who carried the PON1 GG genotype (rs705379) had low urinary DMP levels, and the level increased with increasing numbers of allele variants. The risk for developing ADHD reached 2.06-fold (OR = 2.06, 95% CI:1.23-3.44) and 1.43-fold (OR = 1.45, 95% CI:1.04-2.03) when the DMP and HNE-MA levels increased by 1 natural log of the concentration, respectively. The estimated AP value was 0.66 (95% CI: 0.17-1.15), indicating that 66% of ADHD cases in DMP-exposed children with the PON1 CT/TT (rs705381) genotype were due to gene-environment interactions. No significant mediation of HNE-MA was observed between DMP exposure and the risk of ADHD. The estimated proportion mediated was only 7.0% (95% CI: -0.08-0.46). This research suggests the role of OP exposure in the occurrence of ADHD after adjusting for covariates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Huang Chang
- School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Jung Yu
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chieh Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei City Hospital, Zhongxiao Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Chih Chiou
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Taipei City Hospital, Songde Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Woei Hou
- Department of Pediatrics, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Winnie Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei City Hospital, Yangming Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chian-Feng Chen
- VYM Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chang Chen
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Sheue Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Betau Hwang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Taipei City Hospital, Songde Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Lien Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Rodzaj W, Wileńska M, Klimowska A, Dziewirska E, Jurewicz J, Walczak-Jędrzejowska R, Słowikowska-Hilczer J, Hanke W, Wielgomas B. Concentrations of urinary biomarkers and predictors of exposure to pyrethroid insecticides in young, Polish, urban-dwelling men. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 773:145666. [PMID: 33596511 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroid insecticides are a class of pesticides with multiple agricultural and residential applications. However, widespread use of these chemicals may pose a threat to human health. Biomarkers of pyrethroid exposure are frequently detected in populations around the world, but some groups may be underrepresented. Moreover, there is an ongoing debate on factors contributing to pyrethroid burden in humans. To address these problems, we measured urinary biomarkers of pyrethroid exposure in urine samples from 306 young men living in urban area of Łódź, Poland, and gathered questionnaire data to identify predictors of exposure. Limit of detection (LOD) of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was 0.1 ng/mL for all quantified pyrethroid metabolites, namely cis-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (cis-DCCA), trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (trans-DCCA), cis-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (cis-DBCA), and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA). Detection rate ranged from 32% (cis-DBCA) to 76% (trans-DCCA). Concentrations of urinary biomarkers in studied sample were in lower range of these observed in similar studies, with unadjusted geometric means (GMs) of most prevalent biomarkers, trans-DCCA and 3-PBA, equal to 0.268 and 0.228 ng/mL, respectively. As for questionnaire data, the statistical analysis revealed that non-dietary factors, especially dog ownership and pesticide use on household pets, contribute significantly to urinary trans-DCCA and 3-PBA concentrations (p ≤ 0.009). Moreover, a few dietary sources of exposure were identified, such as seeds and nuts consumption for 3-PBA (p < 0.001) and vegetable juice intake for trans-DCCA (p = 0.015). Multivariate analyses further highlighted the importance of non-dietary factors in pyrethroid exposure. Compared to other works, our results confirm widespread exposure to pyrethroids observed in other studies and stress the role of residential pyrethroid use in pyrethroid burden in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Rodzaj
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, 107 Hallera Street, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Malwina Wileńska
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, 107 Hallera Street, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Klimowska
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, 107 Hallera Street, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Emila Dziewirska
- Departament of Chemical Safety, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy Street, 91-348 Łódź, Poland
| | - Joanna Jurewicz
- Departament of Chemical Safety, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy Street, 91-348 Łódź, Poland
| | - Renata Walczak-Jędrzejowska
- Department of Andrology and Reproductive Endocrinology, Medical University of Łódź, 251 Pomorska Street, 92-213 Łódź, Poland
| | - Jolanta Słowikowska-Hilczer
- Department of Andrology and Reproductive Endocrinology, Medical University of Łódź, 251 Pomorska Street, 92-213 Łódź, Poland
| | - Wojciech Hanke
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy Street, 91-348 Łódź, Poland
| | - Bartosz Wielgomas
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, 107 Hallera Street, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
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Biosca-Brull J, Pérez-Fernández C, Mora S, Carrillo B, Pinos H, Conejo NM, Collado P, Arias JL, Martín-Sánchez F, Sánchez-Santed F, Colomina MT. Relationship between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Pesticides: A Systematic Review of Human and Preclinical Models. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18105190. [PMID: 34068255 PMCID: PMC8153127 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex set of neurodevelopmental pathologies characterized by impoverished social and communicative abilities and stereotyped behaviors. Although its genetic basis is unquestionable, the involvement of environmental factors such as exposure to pesticides has also been proposed. Despite the systematic analyses of this relationship in humans, there are no specific reviews including both human and preclinical models. The present systematic review summarizes, analyzes, and discusses recent advances in preclinical and epidemiological studies. We included 45 human and 16 preclinical studies. These studies focused on Organophosphates (OP), Organochlorine (OC), Pyrethroid (PT), Neonicotinoid (NN), Carbamate (CM), and mixed exposures. Preclinical studies, where the OP Chlorpyrifos (CPF) compound is the one most studied, pointed to an association between gestational exposure and increased ASD-like behaviors, although the data are inconclusive with regard to other ages or pesticides. Studies in humans focused on prenatal exposure to OP and OC agents, and report cognitive and behavioral alterations related to ASD symptomatology. The results of both suggest that gestational exposure to certain OP agents could be linked to the clinical signs of ASD. Future experimental studies should focus on extending the analysis of ASD-like behaviors in preclinical models and include exposure patterns similar to those observed in human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Biosca-Brull
- Department of Psychology, Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain;
- Research in Neurobehavior, Health (NEUROLAB), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Cristian Pérez-Fernández
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center (CEINSA), Almeria University, 04120 Almeria, Spain; (C.P.-F.); (S.M.)
| | - Santiago Mora
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center (CEINSA), Almeria University, 04120 Almeria, Spain; (C.P.-F.); (S.M.)
| | - Beatriz Carrillo
- Department of Psychobiology, University Institute of Research-UNED-Institute of Health Carlos III (IMIENS), National Distance Education University (UNED), 28015 Madrid, Spain; (B.C.); (H.P.); (P.C.)
| | - Helena Pinos
- Department of Psychobiology, University Institute of Research-UNED-Institute of Health Carlos III (IMIENS), National Distance Education University (UNED), 28015 Madrid, Spain; (B.C.); (H.P.); (P.C.)
| | - Nelida Maria Conejo
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (N.M.C.); (J.L.A.)
| | - Paloma Collado
- Department of Psychobiology, University Institute of Research-UNED-Institute of Health Carlos III (IMIENS), National Distance Education University (UNED), 28015 Madrid, Spain; (B.C.); (H.P.); (P.C.)
| | - Jorge L. Arias
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (N.M.C.); (J.L.A.)
| | - Fernando Martín-Sánchez
- National Scholl of Public Health, Institute of Health Carlos III, University Institute of Research-UNED-Institute of Health Carlos III (IMIENS), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Fernando Sánchez-Santed
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center (CEINSA), Almeria University, 04120 Almeria, Spain; (C.P.-F.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: (F.S.-S.); (M.T.C.)
| | - Maria Teresa Colomina
- Department of Psychology, Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain;
- Research in Neurobehavior, Health (NEUROLAB), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.S.-S.); (M.T.C.)
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Andersen HR, Dalsager L, Jensen IK, Timmermann CAG, Olesen TS, Trecca F, Nielsen F, Schoeters G, Kyhl HB, Grandjean P, Bilenberg N, Bleses D, Jensen TK. Prenatal exposure to pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides and language development at age 20-36 months among children in the Odense Child Cohort. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 235:113755. [PMID: 33962121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides has been associated with impaired neurodevelopment. Few longitudinal studies have investigated associations with early language development in populations with mainly low dietary exposure. OBJECTIVE To investigate associations between biomarkers of maternal gestational exposure to organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides and the child's language development at age 20-36 months in the prospective Odense Child Cohort. METHODS Metabolites of organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides were measured in maternal urine samples collected at gestational week 28. Language development was assessed among 755 singletons at age 20-36 months using the Vocabulary and Complexity scores of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories, standardized into age and sex specific percentile scores according to a Danish reference study. Multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds of scoring below the 15th percentile scores in relation to maternal urinary insecticide metabolite concentrations after adjustment for confounders. RESULTS The generic pyrethroid metabolite 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) and the chlorpyrifos metabolite 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY) were detectable in more than 90% of the urine samples analyzed. Likewise, 82.2% had detectable concentrations of diethyl phosphates (DE) and 58.4% of dimethyl phosphates (DM), both of which are common metabolites of organophosphate insecticides. None of the metabolites was associated with higher odds of delayed results below the 15th percentile language scores. In contrast, reduced probability for scoring below the 15th percentile Vocabulary score was seen for the highest tertile of 3-PBA in boys and for the upper tertile of TCPY and DE in girls. CONCLUSION In this prospective cohort, with predominantly dietary insecticide exposure, we found no evidence that gestational exposure to organophosphate or pyrethroid insecticides adversely affected early language development in the children. The observed indication of a positive effect of insecticides on language development may be explained by residual and unmeasured confounding from socioeconomic factors and dietary habits. Follow-up of these children should include assessment of more complex cognitive functions in later childhood, as well as associations with their own postnatal insecticide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helle Raun Andersen
- Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, J.B. Winsløws Vej 17A, 5000, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Louise Dalsager
- Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, J.B. Winsløws Vej 17A, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Inge Kjær Jensen
- Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, J.B. Winsløws Vej 17A, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Clara Amalie Gade Timmermann
- Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, J.B. Winsløws Vej 17A, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Trine Staak Olesen
- Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, J.B. Winsløws Vej 17A, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Fabio Trecca
- School of Communication and Culture - Trygfondens Centre for Child Research, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Flemming Nielsen
- Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, J.B. Winsløws Vej 17A, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Greet Schoeters
- Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, J.B. Winsløws Vej 17A, 5000, Odense, Denmark; Environmental Risk and Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Henriette Boye Kyhl
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense C, Denmark; Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense, Denmark
| | - Philippe Grandjean
- Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, J.B. Winsløws Vej 17A, 5000, Odense, Denmark; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Niels Bilenberg
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health Odense, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Dorthe Bleses
- School of Communication and Culture - Trygfondens Centre for Child Research, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Tina Kold Jensen
- Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, J.B. Winsløws Vej 17A, 5000, Odense, Denmark; Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
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Associations between pesticide mixtures applied near home during pregnancy and early childhood with adolescent behavioral and emotional problems in the CHAMACOS study. Environ Epidemiol 2021; 5:e150. [PMID: 34131613 PMCID: PMC8196094 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Studies suggest that exposure to pesticides during pregnancy and early childhood is associated with adverse child neurodevelopment. Research to date has focused primarily on exposure to single pesticides or pesticide classes in isolation; there are little data on the effect of exposure to pesticide mixtures on child and adolescent neurodevelopment.
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Pitzer EM, Williams MT, Vorhees CV. Effects of pyrethroids on brain development and behavior: Deltamethrin. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2021; 87:106983. [PMID: 33848594 PMCID: PMC8440325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2021.106983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Deltamethrin (DLM) is a Type II pyrethroid pesticide widely used in agriculture, homes, public spaces, and medicine. Epidemiological studies report that increased pyrethroid exposure during development is associated with neurobehavioral disorders. This raises concern about the safety of these chemicals for children. Few animal studies have explored the long-term effects of developmental exposure to DLM on the brain. Here we review the CNS effects of pyrethroids, with emphasis on DLM. Current data on behavioral and cognitive effects after developmental exposure are emphasized. Although, the acute mechanisms of action of DLM are known, how these translate to long-term effects is only beginning to be understood. But existing data clearly show there are lasting effects on locomotor activity, acoustic startle, learning and memory, apoptosis, and dopamine in mice and rats after early exposure. The most consistent neurochemical findings are reductions in the dopamine transporter and the dopamine D1 receptor. The data show that DLM is developmentally neurotoxic but more research on its mechanisms of long-term effects is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Pitzer
- Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States of America; Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States of America.
| | - Michael T Williams
- Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States of America.
| | - Charles V Vorhees
- Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States of America.
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Wren M, Liu M, Vetrano A, Richardson JR, Shalat SL, Buckley B. Analysis of six pyrethroid insecticide metabolites in cord serum using a novel gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry method. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1173:122656. [PMID: 33819796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Pyrethroid insecticides are commonly used for residential and commercial pest control in the US. Pregnant women and their fetuses are vulnerable to pesticide exposures during critical windows of neurodevelopment. Biomonitoring for exposure requires accurate and sensitive methods to assess exposures during pregnancy. The objective of this study was to develop a sensitive analytical method to measure pyrethroid metabolite concentrations in cord serum. Six pyrethroid metabolites, cis- and trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (c/t-DCCA), trans-chrysanthemum dicarboxylic acid (t-CDCA), cis-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropane carboxylic acid (c-DBCA), 4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid (FPBA), and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3PBA) were extracted from cord serum by a dichloromethane liquid-liquid extraction, derivatized by 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol carboxylic acid esterification, and then measured by gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry. Limits of detection ranged from 0.02 to 0.6 ng/mL. Sixty-three cord serum samples were collected from maternal-fetal dyads in central New Jersey to test for pyrethroid metabolites. Non-specific metabolites, 3PBA, t-DCCA, and t-CDCA, were detected most frequently, present in 29%, 6.3% and 6.3% of samples, respectively. Sensitivities were comparable or greater than other published studies assessing pyrethroid metabolites in cord blood. Comparisons with other literature-reported studies emphasize the importance of method sensitivity when assessing exposures at biologically relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Wren
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Min Liu
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Anna Vetrano
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Jason R Richardson
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Stuart L Shalat
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Brian Buckley
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
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Guvenc D, Inal S, Kuruca N, Gokmen S, Guvenc T. Synthetic pyrethroids common metabolite 3-phenoxybenzoic acid induces caspase-3 and Bcl-2 mediated apoptosis in human hepatocyte cells. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:1971-1977. [PMID: 33706615 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1894720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic pyrethroids are a group of insecticides frequently used in public health and agriculture, and 3-PBA is a common metabolite of them. Although the liver is the primary organ responsible for metabolizing many compounds including pesticides, to the authors' knowledge there have been no studies on the direct hepatotoxic effects of 3-PBA. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the possible hepatotoxic effects of 3-PBA on a Human Hepatoma Cell Line (HepG2) and the underlying apoptotic mechanisms. Firstly, an LC50 of 1041.242 µM was calculated for 3-PBA by using the WST-1 test with concentrations ranging between 1 µM and 10 mM. Following that, the HepG2 cells in the experimental group were exposed to 3 different concentrations of 3-PBA (1/5 LC50, 1/10 LC50 and 1/20 LC50) for 24 hours. The apoptotic mechanism was evaluated by using flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence assays for Caspase 3 and Bcl-2. In the flow cytometry assay, the total number of apoptotic cells increased in a dose dependent manner (p < 0.05). In the immunofluorescence assay, the Caspase 3 protein showed strong immunoreactivity in the experimental groups, while the reaction to the Bcl-2 protein was minimal. These results demonstrated that 3-PBA has a significant hepatotoxic effect on HepG2 cells and induces apoptosis via the regulation of Caspase-3 and Bcl-2. Furthermore, our results could further the understanding of the fundamental molecular mechanisms of 3-PBA hepatotoxicity. More studies are needed to determine the effects of long-term exposure to 3-PBA and also the molecular mechanisms underlying hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Guvenc
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Sinem Inal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Nilufer Kuruca
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Sedat Gokmen
- Department of Laborant and Veterinary Health, Suluova Vocational School, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Tolga Guvenc
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey
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Muñoz-Quezada MT, Lucero BA, Gutiérrez-Jara JP, Buralli RJ, Zúñiga-Venegas L, Muñoz MP, Ponce KV, Iglesias V. Longitudinal exposure to pyrethroids (3-PBA and trans-DCCA) and 2,4-D herbicide in rural schoolchildren of Maule region, Chile. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 749:141512. [PMID: 32846350 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies showed that early exposure to pesticides affects the development and health of children. In Maule, there is previous evidence of the high exposure to organophosphate pesticides (OP) of schoolchildren. However, to date, there are no studies assessing exposure to pyrethroids and the herbicide 2,4-D. Objetive. To evaluate children's exposure to pyrethroids insecticides 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), trans 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (trans-DCCA) and 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicides. METHOD Longitudinal study with 48 schoolchildren from two rural schools in the Maule region, Chile. Urinary metabolites of pyrethroids 3-PBA, Trans-DCCA and 2,4-D herbicides were evaluated in 2016 and 2017. Mann-Whitney U for repeated measurements and Spearman's rho correlation tests were used for data analysis. Also, we used a system of impulsive differential equations for mathematical modeling. RESULTS All the schoolchildren assessed had more than two pesticide urinary metabolites in both years, with the 3-PBA metabolite being the most frequent. There was an increase in concentrations of urinary 3-PBA in November 2017, compared to 2016 (from 0.69 μg/L to 1.90 μg/L). In 2016, the specific metabolites of 3-PBA were correlated with Trans-DCCA, 2,4-D, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and para-nitrophenol. In 2017, 3-PBA was correlated with 2,4-D, and Trans-DCCA. The concentrations of 3-PBA of Chilean children were higher than studies conducted in the USA that found an association of prenatal exposure to these metabolites with cognitive difficulties. CONCLUSIONS We found high concentrations of pyrethroid metabolites among all the schoolchildren assessed, which may impact on their health and development. These insecticides had received no attention from the scientific community in Chile, and neither from the government agencies, despite the increased use of these chemicals in recent years. This is the first study in South America that confirms the exposure to pyrethroids and herbicides through biomarkers in human population living near farm fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Muñoz-Quezada
- The Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neurosciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile.
| | - Boris A Lucero
- The Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neurosciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | | | - Rafael J Buralli
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Liliana Zúñiga-Venegas
- The Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neurosciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile; Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Universidad Católica del Maule, Chile; Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica del Maule, Chile
| | - María Pía Muñoz
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Verónica Iglesias
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Lehmler HJ, Simonsen D, Liu B, Bao W. Environmental exposure to pyrethroid pesticides in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults and children: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2012. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115489. [PMID: 33254662 PMCID: PMC7708675 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroids are an important class of insecticides, and thousands of tons of these compounds are used in the United States every year. This study characterized exposures to pyrethroids and assessed demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors that modulate pyrethroid exposure using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2012, a nationally representative survey of the non-institutionalized population of the United States. Urinary levels of commonly used biomarkers of pyrethroid exposure, including 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), 4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid (F-PBA), and cis-dibromovinyl-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (DBCA), were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The detection rate of 3-PBA, a nonspecific metabolite of several pyrethroids, was 78.1% in adults (N = 5233) and 79.3% in children (N = 2295). The detection rates of all other pyrethroid metabolites were <10%. The median urinary level of 3-PBA in adults was 0.47 μg/L (interquartile range, 0.14-1.22 μg/L). For children, the median urinary level was 0.49 μg/L (interquartile range, 0.17-1.29 μg/L). Age, gender, family income-to-poverty ratio (PIR), levels of physical activity, alcohol intake, and body mass index were associated with 3-PBA levels in adults. In children, age, gender, race/ethnicity, and PIR were associated with 3-PBA levels. 3-PBA levels also differed significantly across NHANES cycles, with higher levels observed in NHANES 2011-2012. Geometric mean 3-PBA levels in U.S. adults were 0.41 μg/L in NHANES 2007-2008, 0.41 μg/L in NHANES 2009-2010, and 0.66 μg/L in NHANES 2011-2012. In U.S. children, geometric mean 3-PBA levels were 0.40 μg/L in NHANES 2007-2008, 0.46 μg/L in NHANES 2009-2010, and 0.70 μg/L in NHANES 2011-2012. These results demonstrate that pyrethroid exposures remain a current environmental health concern and lay the foundation for further preclinical and epidemiological studies assessing human health risks associated with pyrethroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.
| | - Derek Simonsen
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Buyun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Wei Bao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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Klimowska A, Amenda K, Rodzaj W, Wileńska M, Jurewicz J, Wielgomas B. Evaluation of 1-year urinary excretion of eight metabolites of synthetic pyrethroids, chlorpyrifos, and neonicotinoids. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 145:106119. [PMID: 32950790 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic pyrethroids, chlorpyrifos, and neonicotinoids are representatives of non-persistent insecticides ubiquitously used against insects all over the world. Their widespread use causes prevalent exposure to these compounds, which may be hazardous to human health. The insecticides have short biological half-lives and are mostly excreted in urine within 24 h after entering the human body; thus, the urinary concentration of their metabolites is highly dependent on the time elapsed between exposure and sample collection. Considering the within-day fluctuations in urinary concentration, one randomly collected sample may cause misclassification of long-term exposure. We evaluated the variability of excretion of eight insecticide metabolites in 24-h urine samples collected from 14 volunteers once or twice per month over 12 consecutive months. High detection frequency above 70% for non-specific metabolites of pyrethroid, chlorpyrifos, and neonicotinoids confirmed widespread exposure to these insecticides in the studied population. A long-term variability of exposure was assessed based on intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). We found relatively low variability of excretion for non-specific pyrethroid metabolites and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (ICC > 0.75), but poor repeatability for 6-chloronicotinic acid. Constantly higher ICCs were observed for daily excretion than for unadjusted concentrations. Seasonal differences were observed for 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol and 6-chloronicotinic acid, with the highest and the lowest median concentration, respectively, in the summer. Due to high ICC values and lack of seasonal variations, one 24-h urine sample was considered sufficient to characterize long-term excretion of non-specific pyrethroid metabolites in non-occupationally exposed population. In addition, we calculated the daily intake (DI) for cypermethrin, permethrin, deltamethrin, and chlorpyrifos. The estimated DI values were mostly below the acceptable daily intake, which indicates that the evaluated exposure is non-hazardous to the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Klimowska
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Amenda
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Rodzaj
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Malwina Wileńska
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Joanna Jurewicz
- Departament of Chemical Safety, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy St, 91-348 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Bartosz Wielgomas
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
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Hołyńska-Iwan I, Szewczyk-Golec K. Pyrethroids: How They Affect Human and Animal Health? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56110582. [PMID: 33143129 PMCID: PMC7692614 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56110582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroids are pesticides commonly used in crop protection; in the forestry, wood, and textile industries; as well as in medicine and veterinary medicine to treat parasitic crustacean infestations. They have been found to be relatively safe for humans and animals. Pyrethroids are recommended for personal protection against malaria and virus Zika by the World Health Organization. Pyrethroids act on voltage-gated sodium channels, which cause an influx of sodium ions into the nerve cells and permanent depolarization. They also influence activities of enzymes, especially in nerve and liver cells. Contact of pyrethroids with the skin, digestive tract, and respiratory tract results in their penetration into the body. Due to the importance of the subject, a summary of the current state of knowledge on the toxic effects of pyrethroids was presented in the comprehensive review by Chrustek et al, published in journal Medicina. Particular attention was paid to nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, cardiotoxic, immunotoxic, neurotoxic, and behavioral effects of pyrethroids on human and animal bodies. It could be added that pyrethroids generate oxidative stress, which modifies DNA, RNA, protein, lipid and carbohydrate molecules. However, public awareness of the possible negative effects of the use of insecticides is still low. Further research should be carried out to clarify the molecular basis of the pathomechanism of pyrethroid detrimental action. Proper dissemination of the results seems to be of first importance for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iga Hołyńska-Iwan
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology of Epithelial Tissue and Skin, Department of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-525853598
| | - Karolina Szewczyk-Golec
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
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Li AJ, Banjabi AA, Takazawa M, Kumosani TA, Yousef JM, Kannan K. Serum concentrations of pesticides including organophosphates, pyrethroids and neonicotinoids in a population with osteoarthritis in Saudi Arabia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 737:139706. [PMID: 32512300 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to pesticides is widespread and has received much attention in recent years because of its link to adverse health outcomes. Measurement of urinary concentrations of pesticides and their metabolites is often used in the assessment of body burdens of these chemicals. However, pesticides and their metabolites can be present in blood circulatory system, although little is known on serum levels of pesticides. In this study, we aimed to examine the occurrence and profile of four organophosphate (OP), five pyrethroid (PYR) insecticides, two phenoxy acid (PA) herbicides, 14 neonicotinoid (neonic) insecticides and six dialkylphosphate metabolites in serum from 25 individuals diagnosed with osteoarthritis in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. 2-Isopropyl-4-methyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine (IMPY), 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, N-desmethyl acetamiprid, dimethylphosphate (DMP) and dimethylthiophosphate (DMTP) were detected in ≥80% of the serum samples analyzed. Metabolites of OPs, DMTP (median concentration: 2.14 ng/mL), DMP (1.04 ng/mL) and TCPY (0.84 ng/mL), collectively accounted for 67-83% of the total serum pesticide concentrations. Serum concentrations of pesticides were similar to or lower than those reported in urine. Our preliminary evidence suggests that serum can be used as a matrix for the assessment of exposure to OPs, PYRs, PAs and neonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Jing Li
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Abeer A Banjabi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mari Takazawa
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Taha A Kumosani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Production of Bio-products for Industrial Applications Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jehad M Yousef
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Biochemistry Department, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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50
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Schantz SL, Eskenazi B, Buckley JP, Braun JM, Sprowles JN, Bennett DH, Cordero J, Frazier JA, Lewis J, Hertz-Picciotto I, Lyall K, Nozadi SS, Sagiv S, Stroustrup A, Volk HE, Watkins DJ. A framework for assessing the impact of chemical exposures on neurodevelopment in ECHO: Opportunities and challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 188:109709. [PMID: 32526495 PMCID: PMC7483364 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program is a research initiative funded by the National Institutes of Health that capitalizes on existing cohort studies to investigate the impact of early life environmental factors on child health and development from infancy through adolescence. In the initial stage of the program, extant data from 70 existing cohort studies are being uploaded to a database that will be publicly available to researchers. This new database will represent an unprecedented opportunity for researchers to combine data across existing cohorts to address associations between prenatal chemical exposures and child neurodevelopment. Data elements collected by ECHO cohorts were determined via a series of surveys administered by the ECHO Data Analysis Center. The most common chemical classes quantified in multiple cohorts include organophosphate pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, environmental phenols (including bisphenol A), phthalates, and metals. For each of these chemicals, at least four ECHO cohorts also collected behavioral data during infancy/early childhood using the Child Behavior Checklist. For these chemicals and this neurodevelopmental assessment (as an example), existing data from multiple ECHO cohorts could be pooled to address research questions requiring larger sample sizes than previously available. In addition to summarizing the data that will be available, the article also describes some of the challenges inherent in combining existing data across cohorts, as well as the gaps that could be filled by the additional data collection in the ECHO Program going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Schantz
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Jessie P Buckley
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Jenna N Sprowles
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Deborah H Bennett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Jose Cordero
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Jean A Frazier
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
| | - Johnnye Lewis
- Community Environmental Health Program and Center for Native Environmental Health Equity Research, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | | | - Kristen Lyall
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Sara S Nozadi
- Community Environmental Health Program and Center for Native Environmental Health Equity Research, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Sharon Sagiv
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - AnneMarie Stroustrup
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Heather E Volk
- Departments of Mental Health and Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Deborah J Watkins
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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