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Peña J, González-Mariño I, Pérez Pavón JL. In-situ acetylation followed by liquid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography - mass spectrometry for the determination of bromophenols in urine. Talanta 2024; 275:126146. [PMID: 38678925 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
A novel and simple method combining in-situ acetylation, liquid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has been developed for the quantification of 10 bromophenols in urine, used as biomarkers of exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers. The analytical process involves an enzymatic hydrolysis of the bromophenol glucuronide fraction followed by an aqueous derivatization of the phenol group with acetic anhydride. A subsequent liquid-liquid extraction of the sample with hexane allows the injection of the organic layer, using a programmed temperature vaporizer, into a gas chromatograph coupled to a single quadrupole mass spectrometer. Quantification is performed by the standard addition method. Limits of detection are in the pg mL-1 range. Trueness, assessed in terms of percentages of recovery, varies between 100 % and 118 % in synthetic urine and between 79 % and 117 % in human urine. Precision, assessed at two different levels, 0.25 ng mL-1 and 2.5 ng mL-1, shows values of relative standard deviation below 14 % both in intra- and inter-day studies for both matrices. The method has been applied to the analysis of seven urine samples, measuring concentrations higher than the LOQ in three of them. These levels are in agreement with others found in literature, but they have been obtained by applying a much simpler and faster protocol. In addition, the replacement of silylating reagents by acetic anhydride, to derivatize the phenol moiety, provides a greener alternative to other GC-MS procedures published up to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Peña
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, 37008, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Iria González-Mariño
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, 37008, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - José Luis Pérez Pavón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, 37008, Salamanca, Spain
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2
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Jarosiewicz M, Krześlak A. Epigenetic implications of common brominated flame retardants (PBDEs and TBBPA): Understanding the health risks of BFRs exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 361:142488. [PMID: 38821124 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are synthetic chemicals incorporated into a wide variety of products, both for industrial applications and everyday use, with the primary aim of reducing their flammability or reducing the material burning rate. These compounds find widespread use in plastics, textiles, and electrical/electronic devices. However, BFRs can be released from products and, thus are determined in many environmental matrices such as soil, water and air.This review discuss the potential health implications of selected BFRs (PBDEs and TBBPA) exposure arising from their impact on the epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation and histone acetylation or methylation, as well as changes in miRNA pattern, play significant roles in gene expression and cell function and can be influenced by environmental factors.The studies indicate that PBDEs exposure can lead to global DNA hypomethylation, disrupting normal gene regulation and contributing to genomic instability. In animal models, PBDEs have been associated with adverse effects on neurodevelopment, including impairments in memory and learning. TBBPA exposure has also been linked to changes in DNA methylation patterns, alterations in histone posttranslational modifications and non-coding RNA expression. These epigenetic changes may contribute to health issues related to growth, development, and endocrine functions.The growing evidence of epigenetic modifications induced by BFRs exposure highlights the importance of understanding their potential risks to human health. Further investigations are needed to fully elucidate the long-term consequences of altered epigenetic marks and their impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Jarosiewicz
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Anna Krześlak
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
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3
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Lu Q, Liang Q, Wang S. Burning question: Rethinking organohalide degradation strategy for bioremediation applications. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14539. [PMID: 39075849 PMCID: PMC11286677 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Organohalides are widespread pollutants that pose significant environmental hazards due to their high degree of halogenation and elevated redox potentials, making them resistant to natural attenuation. Traditional bioremediation approaches, primarily relying on bioaugmentation and biostimulation, often fall short of achieving complete detoxification. Furthermore, the emergence of complex halogenated pollutants, such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), further complicates remediation efforts. Therefore, there is a pressing need to reconsider novel approaches for more efficient remediation of these recalcitrant pollutants. This review proposes novel redox-potential-mediated hybrid bioprocesses, tailored to the physicochemical properties of pollutants and their environmental contexts, to achieve complete detoxification of organohalides. The possible scenarios for the proposed bioremediation approaches are further discussed. In anaerobic environments, such as sediment and groundwater, microbial reductive dehalogenation coupled with fermentation and methanogenesis can convert organohalides into carbon dioxide and methane. In environments with anaerobic-aerobic alternation, such as paddy soil and wetlands, a synergistic process involving reduction and oxidation can facilitate the complete mineralization of highly halogenated organic compounds. Future research should focus on in-depth exploration of microbial consortia, the application of ecological principles-guided strategies, and the development of bioinspired-designed techniques. This paper contributes to the academic discourse by proposing innovative remediation strategies tailored to the complexities of organohalide pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihong Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qi Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shanquan Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
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4
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Drago G, Aloi N, Ruggieri S, Longo A, Contrino ML, Contarino FM, Cibella F, Colombo P, Longo V. Guardians under Siege: Exploring Pollution's Effects on Human Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7788. [PMID: 39063030 PMCID: PMC11277414 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemical pollution poses a significant threat to human health, with detrimental effects on various physiological systems, including the respiratory, cardiovascular, mental, and perinatal domains. While the impact of pollution on these systems has been extensively studied, the intricate relationship between chemical pollution and immunity remains a critical area of investigation. The focus of this study is to elucidate the relationship between chemical pollution and human immunity. To accomplish this task, this study presents a comprehensive review that encompasses in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies, shedding light on the ways in which chemical pollution can modulate human immunity. Our aim is to unveil the complex mechanisms by which environmental contaminants compromise the delicate balance of the body's defense systems going beyond the well-established associations with defense systems and delving into the less-explored link between chemical exposure and various immune disorders, adding urgency to our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and their implications for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaspare Drago
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy (IRIB-CNR), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (G.D.); (N.A.); (S.R.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (V.L.)
| | - Noemi Aloi
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy (IRIB-CNR), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (G.D.); (N.A.); (S.R.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (V.L.)
| | - Silvia Ruggieri
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy (IRIB-CNR), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (G.D.); (N.A.); (S.R.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (V.L.)
| | - Alessandra Longo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy (IRIB-CNR), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (G.D.); (N.A.); (S.R.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (V.L.)
| | - Maria Lia Contrino
- Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Siracusa, Corso Gelone 17, 96100 Siracusa, Italy; (M.L.C.); (F.M.C.)
| | - Fabio Massimo Contarino
- Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Siracusa, Corso Gelone 17, 96100 Siracusa, Italy; (M.L.C.); (F.M.C.)
| | - Fabio Cibella
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy (IRIB-CNR), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (G.D.); (N.A.); (S.R.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (V.L.)
| | - Paolo Colombo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy (IRIB-CNR), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (G.D.); (N.A.); (S.R.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (V.L.)
| | - Valeria Longo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy (IRIB-CNR), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (G.D.); (N.A.); (S.R.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (V.L.)
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Marti D, Hanrahan D, Sanchez-Triana E, Wells M, Corra L, Hu H, Breysse PN, Laborde A, Caravanos J, Bertollini R, Porterfield K, Fuller R. Structured expert judgement approach of the health impact of various chemicals and classes of chemicals. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298504. [PMID: 38913645 PMCID: PMC11195936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chemical contamination and pollution are an ongoing threat to human health and the environment. The concern over the consequences of chemical exposures at the global level continues to grow. Because resources are constrained, there is a need to prioritize interventions focused on the greatest health impact. Data, especially related to chemical exposures, are rarely available for most substances of concern, and alternate methods to evaluate their impact are needed. STRUCTURED EXPERT JUDGMENT (SEJ) PROCESS A Structured Expert Judgment (Research Outreach, 2021) process was performed to provide plausible estimates of health impacts for 16 commonly found pollutants: asbestos, arsenic, benzene, chromium, cadmium, dioxins, fluoride, highly hazardous pesticides (HHPs), lead, mercury, polycyclic-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), Per- and Polyfluorinated Substances (PFAs), phthalates, endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), and brominated flame retardants (BRFs). This process, undertaken by sector experts, weighed individual estimations of the probable global health scale health impacts of each pollutant using objective estimates of the expert opinions' statistical accuracy and informativeness. MAIN FINDINGS The foremost substances, in terms of mean projected annual total deaths, were lead, asbestos, arsenic, and HHPs. Lead surpasses the others by a large margin, with an estimated median value of 1.7 million deaths annually. The three other substances averaged between 136,000 and 274,000 deaths per year. Of the 12 other chemicals evaluated, none reached an estimated annual death count exceeding 100,000. These findings underscore the importance of prioritizing available resources on reducing and remediating the impacts of these key pollutants. RANGE OF HEALTH IMPACTS Based on the evidence available, experts concluded some of the more notorious chemical pollutants, such as PCBs and dioxin, do not result in high levels of human health impact from a global scale perspective. However, the chemical toxicity of some compounds released in recent decades, such as Endocrine Disrupters and PFAs, cannot be ignored, even if current impacts are limited. Moreover, the impact of some chemicals may be disproportionately large in some geographic areas. Continued research and monitoring are essential; and a preventative approach is needed for chemicals. FUTURE DIRECTIONS These results, and potential similar analyses of other chemicals, are provided as inputs to ongoing discussions about priority setting for global chemicals and pollution management. Furthermore, we suggest that this SEJ process be repeated periodically as new information becomes available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Marti
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | | | | | - Mona Wells
- The Meadows Center for Water and the Environment, San Marcos, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lilian Corra
- Global Alliance on Health and Pollution, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Howard Hu
- University of Southern California’s Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Patrick N. Breysse
- Johns Hopkins’ Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Jack Caravanos
- New York University School of Global Public Health, New York, New York, United States of America
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Mlelwa R, Rother HA. Reviewing the current state of legacy POP-brominated flame retardants in plastic childcare products and toys: a scoping review protocol. Syst Rev 2024; 13:148. [PMID: 38831309 PMCID: PMC11149179 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-024-02524-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to their adverse environmental and health impacts, brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are listed in Annex A of the Stockholm Convention for global elimination of production and use. Their health impacts include endocrine disruption, cancer, reproductive effects, and neurobehavioral and developmental disorders in children. Emerging literature suggests that legacy POP-BFRs are increasingly found in consumer products, including those used for and by children. The presence of legacy POP-BFRs in children's products is a big concern. Children are more vulnerable to chemical exposure risks than adults because their bodies are still developing and fragile. The rising problem is contributed to by the global push towards a circular economy that encourages responsible production and consumption by practising the recycling of waste materials. Waste materials such as electronic and electrical equipment plastics often contain POP-BFRs. POP-BFRs in waste materials are transferred into new products through recycling. The recycled products have become a potential source of exposure to legacy POP-BFRs for vulnerable populations, particularly children. Our scoping review aims to map and summarise the emerging literature. This information is needed to inform evidence-based policies to protect children from toxic exposures. METHODS Our scoping review will follow a methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley. Peer-reviewed and grey literature on the topic will be retrieved from electronic databases and other relevant sites. Two reviewers will screen titles and abstracts, followed by a full-text review of studies for eligibility based on the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data will be extracted, and findings will be mapped in a table according to study settings, types of children's products tested, and concentration of legacy POP-BFRs in contaminated products. A map chart will be created to display how contaminated products are spread globally. DISCUSSION Because of their unique vulnerabilities, children continue to suffer disproportionate exposures to toxic chemicals compared to adults. Information on potential exposures, particularly for children, is crucial to make evidence-based policies. We intend to map and summarise the emerging literature on legacy POP-BFRs in children's products. Findings will be disseminated to relevant stakeholders through publishing in a peer-reviewed scientific journal and policy briefs. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION The protocol is registered with the Open Science Framework ( https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/7KDE5 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Mlelwa
- Environmental Health Division and Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Hanna-Andrea Rother
- Environmental Health Division and Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.
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7
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Broniatowski M, Wydro P. Interactions of Brominated Flame Retardants with Membrane Models of Dehalogenating Bacteria: Langmuir Monolayer and Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction Studies. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:10600-10614. [PMID: 38721840 PMCID: PMC11112749 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are small organic molecules containing several bromine substituents added to plastics to limit their flammability. BFRs can constitute up to 30% of the weight of some plastics, which is why they are produced in large quantities. Along with plastic waste and microplastic particles, BFRs end up in the soil and can easily leach causing contamination. As polyhalogenated molecules, multiple BFRs were classified as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), meaning that their biodegradation in the soils is especially challenging. However, some anaerobic bacteria as Dehaloccocoides can dehalogenate BFRs, which is important in the bioremediation of contaminated soils. BFRs are hydrophobic, can accumulate in plasma membranes, and disturb their function. On the other hand, limited membrane accumulation is necessary for BFR dehalogenation. To study the BFR-membrane interaction, we created membrane models of soil dehalogenating bacteria and tested their interactions with seven legacy and novel BFRs most common in soils. Phospholipid Langmuir monolayers with appropriate composition were used as membrane models. These membranes were doped in the selected BFRs, and the incorporation of BFR molecules into the phospholipid matrix and also the effects of BFR presence on membrane physical properties and morphology were studied. It turned out that the seven BFRs differed significantly in their membrane affinity. For some, the incorporation was very limited, and others incorporated effectively and could affect membrane properties, while one of the tested molecules induced the formation of bilayer domains in the membranes. Thus, Langmuir monolayers can be effectively used for pretesting BFR membrane activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Broniatowski
- Department
of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, the Jagiellonian University in Kraków, ul. Gronostajowa 2, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Paweł Wydro
- Department
of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, the Jagiellonian University in Kraków, ul. Gronostajowa 2, Kraków 30-387, Poland
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Xu J, Ge F, Yu J, Li J, Dou Y, Shan D, Cai X, Kong D. Levels, Distribution and Ecological Risk Assessment of PBDEs in Soils and Plants Around the Engineering Plastics Factory. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2024; 112:75. [PMID: 38733395 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-024-03891-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
This study systematically investigated the pollution levels and migration trends of PBDEs in soils and plants around engineering plastics factory, and identified the ecological risks of PBDEs in the environment around typical pollution sources.The results showed that 13 kinds of PBDEs were widely detected in the surrounding areas, and the concentration level was higher than the general environmental pollution level. The total PBDE concentrations (∑13PBDEs) in soils ranged from 14.6 to 278.4 ng/g dry weight (dw), and in plants ranged from 11.5 to 176 ng/g dw. Both soil and plant samples showed that BDE-209 was the most important congener, the pollution level in soil and plant was similar, and the composition of PBDEs congener was similar. In the soil column (50 cm), the radial migration of PBDEs was mainly concentrated in the 0-30 cm section. Except for BDE-66, which was mainly located in the 20-30 cm soil layer, the concentration of PBDEs was the highest in the 0-10 cm region. Furthermore, the environmental risks of PBDEs in soil and plants were evaluated by hazard quotient method, and the HQ values were all < 1, which did not exhibit any ecological risk. The evaluation results also showed that the ecological risk of PBDEs in soil was higher than that of plants, especially penta-BDE, which should be paid more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
- Ministry of Ecology Environment, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Feng Ge
- Ministry of Ecology Environment, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Ministry of Ecology Environment, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Juying Li
- Ministry of Ecology Environment, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Yezhi Dou
- Ministry of Ecology Environment, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Didi Shan
- Ministry of Ecology Environment, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Xiaoyu Cai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
- Ministry of Ecology Environment, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Deyang Kong
- Ministry of Ecology Environment, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, China.
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Yu Y, Wang Z, Yao B, Zhou Y. Occurrence, bioaccumulation, fate, and risk assessment of emerging pollutants in aquatic environments: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171388. [PMID: 38432380 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Significant concerns on a global scale have been raised in response to the potential adverse impacts of emerging pollutants (EPs) on aquatic creatures. We have carefully reviewed relevant research over the past 10 years. The study focuses on five typical EPs: pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), drinking water disinfection byproducts (DBPs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs), and microplastics (MPs). The presence of EPs in the global aquatic environment is source-dependent, with wastewater treatment plants being the main source of EPs. Multiple studies have consistently shown that the final destination of most EPs in the water environment is sludge and sediment. Simultaneously, a number of EPs, such as PFASs, MPs, and BFRs, have long-term environmental transport potential. Some EPs exhibit notable tendencies towards bioaccumulation and biomagnification, while others pose challenges in terms of their degradation within both biological and abiotic treatment processes. The results showed that, in most cases, the ecological risk of EPs in aquatic environments was low, possibly due to potential dilution and degradation. Future research topics should include adding EPs detection items for the aquatic environment, combining pollution, and updating prediction models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuange Yu
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay/Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Bin Yao
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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Qin C, Wu J, Lu X, Gu C, Guo Y, Hu G, Chen M, Xia K, Wang H, Xie M. Degradation of the emerging brominated flame retardant tetrabromobisphenol S using organo-montmorillonite supported nanoscale zero-valent iron. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:33547-33560. [PMID: 38683431 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33451-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The widespread occurrence of emerging brominated flame retardant tetrabromobisphenol S (TBBPS) has become a major environmental concern. In this study, a nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) impregnated organic montmorillonite composite (nZVI-OMT) was successfully prepared and utilized to degrade TBBPS in aqueous solution. The results show that the nZVI-OMT composite was very stable and reusable as the nZVI was well dispersed on the organic montmorillonite. Organic montmorillonite clay layers provide a strong support, facilitate well dispersion of the nZVI chains, and accelerate the overall TBBPS transformation with a degradation rate constant 5.5 times higher than that of the original nZVI. Four major intermediates, including tribromobisphenol S (tri-BBPS), dibromobisphenol S (di-BBPS), bromobisphenol S (BBPS), and bisphenol S (BPS), were detected by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), indicating sequential reductive debromination of TBBPS mediated by nZVI-OMT. The effective elimination of acute ecotoxicity predicted by toxicity analysis also suggests that the debromination process is a safe and viable option for the treatment of TBBPS. Our results have shown for the first time that TBBPS can be rapidly degraded by an nZVI-OMT composite, expanding the potential use of clay-supported nZVI composites as an environmentally friendly material for wastewater treatment and groundwater remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Qin
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Analysis for Organic Pollutants in Surface Water, Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Junxue Wu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Xinyu Lu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing, 210044, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenggang Gu
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yang Guo
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Guanjiu Hu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Analysis for Organic Pollutants in Surface Water, Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kang Xia
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Analysis for Organic Pollutants in Surface Water, Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Mingjie Xie
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing, 210044, Jiangsu, China.
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11
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Xiong S, Fu J, Dong C, Pei Z, Yang R, Li Y, Zhang Q, Jiang G. Bioaccumulation and Trophodynamics of Novel Brominated Flame Retardants (NBFRs) in Marine Food Webs from the Arctic and Antarctic Regions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:6804-6813. [PMID: 38512799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The pervasive contamination of novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) in remote polar ecosystems has attracted great attention in recent research. However, understanding regarding the trophic transfer behavior of NBFRs in the Arctic and Antarctic marine food webs is limited. In this study, we examined the occurrence and trophodynamics of NBFRs in polar benthic marine sediment and food webs collected from areas around the Chinese Arctic Yellow River Station (n = 57) and Antarctic Great Wall Station (n = 94). ∑7NBFR concentrations were in the range of 1.27-7.47 ng/g lipid weight (lw) and 0.09-1.56 ng/g lw in the Arctic and Antarctic marine biota, respectively, among which decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) was the predominant compound in all sample types. The biota-sediment bioaccumulation factors (g total organic carbon/g lipid) of NBFRs in the Arctic (0.85-3.40) were 4-fold higher than those in the Antarctica (0.13-0.61). Trophic magnification factors (TMFs) and their 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of individual NBFRs ranged from 0.43 (95% CI: 0.32, 0.60) to 1.32 (0.92, 1.89) and from 0.34 (0.24, 0.49) to 0.92 (0.56, 1.51) in the Arctic and Antarctic marine food webs, respectively. The TMFs of most congeners were significantly lower than 1, indicating a trophic dilution potential. This is one of the very few investigations on the trophic transfer of NBFRs in remote Arctic and Antarctic marine ecosystems, which provides a basis for exploring the ecological risks of NBFRs in polar regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Xiong
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianjie Fu
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cheng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiguo Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruiqiang Yang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yingming Li
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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12
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Chen Y, Che J, Wang J, Tuo Y, Zhao H, Chen Y, Sai L, Zhao H, Zhang R. Functional Melanin Nanoparticles-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry for High-Sensitivity Detection of TBBPA and TBBPS Contaminations in Animal-Derived Foodstuffs. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:6744-6753. [PMID: 38498411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and tetrabromobisphenol S (TBBPS) have been widely used as additives in various products; however, their residues damage human health mainly via dietary ingestion. The current detection techniques remain challenging in directly and sensitively identifying TBBPA and TBBPS from food samples. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) has great potential as an alternative tool for the analysis of low-mass environmental pollution. Herein, we successfully screened and optimized COOH-MNP-COOH as a novel MALDI matrix to enhance deprotonation for the analysis of TBBPA and TBBPS from animal-derived food samples in negative-ion mode. Notably, COOH-MNP-COOH was synthesized by a facile self-assembly strategy and characterized by TEM, FT-IR, UV-vis, and zeta potential analysis. Compared with conventional and control matrices, the COOH-MNP-COOH matrix exhibited excellent performance of TBBPA and TBBPS with high chemical stability, favorable reproducibility, remarkable salt and protein tolerance, and high sensitivity owing to abundant active groups, stronger UV-vis absorption at 355 nm, and better hydrophilicity and biocompatibility. TBBPA and TBBPS were detected with the assistance of an internal standard with limits of detection (LODs) of 300 and 200 pg/mL, respectively. Moreover, this method was applied to directly identify the residues of TBBPA and TBBPS in milk products, followed by basa catfish and meat. This research may provide a promising approach for the analysis of environmental pollutants in foodstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030001, China
| | - Jiaying Che
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030001, China
| | - Jiagui Wang
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030001, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tuo
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030001, China
| | - Huayu Zhao
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030001, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030001, China
| | - Luheng Sai
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030001, China
| | - Huifang Zhao
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030001, China
| | - Ruiping Zhang
- The Radiology Department of Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030012, China
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13
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Wang X, Ye X, Chen Y, Lin J. Different effects of TCBPA exposure on liver cancer cells and liver cells: two sides of the coin. Am J Cancer Res 2024; 14:1363-1375. [PMID: 38590409 PMCID: PMC10998740 DOI: 10.62347/ysxw8940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Tetrachlorobisphenol A (TCBPA), widely used as a substitute for tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), has been detected in various environmental media. Therefore, a detailed evaluation of the toxicological properties of TCBPA is necessary. In this study, we used hepatoma and normal liver cell models in vitro to investigate the effects of TCBPA. Our findings indicate that TCBPA promotes the proliferation of liver cancer cells, as evidenced by MTT and EdU assays, and enhances the expression levels of molecules related to hepatoma proliferation. Further investigation into the molecular mechanism revealed that TCBPA-induced hepatoma proliferation is regulated by an NLRP3-mediated inflammatory process. Additionally, TCBPA was found to promote the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in liver cancer cells. Conversely, TCBPA inhibited the proliferation of normal liver cells. Mechanistic studies showed that TCBPA induced cell pyroptosis in normal liver cells by evaluating a series of related markers, including NLRP3, IL-1β, ASC, GASDMD, and Caspase 1. In vivo models further showed that TCBPA causes liver tissue damage. In summary, this study demonstrates that TCBPA has a dual effect: promoting the occurrence and development of liver tumor cells in vitro, while inhibiting the proliferation of normal liver cells, like two sides of a coin. These opposite cellular outcomes are regulated by NLRP3-mediated inflammatory processes, providing valuable insights for evaluating the potential health impacts of TCBPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Wang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuxing Ye
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital351 Mingyue Street, Wucheng District, Jinhua 321001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanping Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital351 Mingyue Street, Wucheng District, Jinhua 321001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junmei Lin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital351 Mingyue Street, Wucheng District, Jinhua 321001, Zhejiang, China
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14
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Shi S, Feng Q, Zhang J, Wang X, Zhao L, Fan Y, Hu P, Wei P, Bu Q, Cao Z. Global patterns of human exposure to flame retardants indoors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169393. [PMID: 38104845 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
To fill the knowledge gaps regarding the global patterns of human exposure to flame retardants (FRs) (i.e., brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs)), data on the levels and distributions of FRs in external and internal exposure mediums, including indoor dust, indoor air, skin wipe, serum and urine, were summarized and analysed. Comparatively, FR levels were relatively higher in developed regions in all mediums, and significant positive correlations between FR contamination and economic development level were observed in indoor dust and air. Over time, the concentration of BFRs showed a slightly decreasing trend in all mediums worldwide, whereas OPFRs represented an upward tendency in some regions (e.g., the USA and China). The occurrence levels of FRs and their metabolites in all external and internal media were generally correlated, implying a mutual indicative role among them. Dermal absorption generally contributed >60% of the total exposure of most FR monomers, and dust ingestion was dominant for several low volatile compounds, while inhalation was found to be negligible. The high-risk FR monomers (BDE-47, BDE-99 and TCIPP) identified by external exposure assessment showed similarity to the major FRs or metabolites observed in internal exposure mediums, suggesting the feasibility of using these methods to characterize human exposure and the contribution of indoor exposure to the human burden of FRs. This review highlights the significant importance of exposure assessment based on multiple mediums for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Shi
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Qian Feng
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Leicheng Zhao
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Yujuan Fan
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Pengtuan Hu
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Pengkun Wei
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Qingwei Bu
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhiguo Cao
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
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15
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Rani P, Husain A, Bhasin KK, Kumar G. Zinc(II)-MOF: A Versatile Luminescent Sensor for Selective Molecular Recognition of Flame Retardants and Antibiotics. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:3486-3498. [PMID: 38329939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
An exceptional Zinc(II)-organic framework with the formula [{Zn(L4-py)(bdc)}·DMF]n (Zn-MOF) has been constructed solvothermally using a novel linker L4-py {2,7-bis(3-(pyridin-4-ylethynyl)phenyl)benzo[lmn][3,8]phenanthroline-1,3,6,8(2H,7H)-tetraone}, coligand H2bdc (1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid), and ZnBF4·xH2O. The ligand L4-py has been fabricated after functionalization of NDA (1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride) core with 3-(pyridin-4-ylethynyl)phenyl group. The single-crystal X-ray analysis reveals that Zn-MOF exhibits a comprehensive three-dimensional (3D) framework architecture and features (4)-connected uninodal dia; 4/6/c1; sqc6 topology with point symbol {66} and two-dimensional (2D) + 2D, parallel polycatenation. Notably, Zn-MOF displayed excellent fluorescence phenomenon and stability in water as well as in methanol solvents and was harnessed as a versatile sensor, demonstrating selective and sensitive molecular recognition of flame retardants and antibiotics. Notably, Zn-MOF displayed 57 and 49.5% quenching efficiency for the flame-retardant pentabromophenol (PBP) and 3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A (TBPA), respectively. Whereas an outstanding 90% quenching efficiency was observed for antibiotics, tetracycline (TC) and secnidazole (SD). The mechanistic investigations of this luminescence quenching suggest that this might be primarily occurring via the Fourier resonance energy transfer (FRET) and photoinduced electron transfer (PET) mechanisms, which might be assisted by the competitive absorption and host-guest interactions. The π-electron-rich framework structure of sensor Zn-MOF activates this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Rani
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ahmad Husain
- Department of Chemistry, DAV University Jalandhar, Jalandhar, Punjab 144012, India
| | - K K Bhasin
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Girijesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211002, India
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16
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Gomes J, Begum M, Kumarathasan P. Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) exposure and adverse maternal and infant health outcomes: Systematic review. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 347:140367. [PMID: 37890790 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are flame retardants found in ambient environment and are measured in humans. There are reports on general PBDE toxicity, including endocrine disrupting properties. Studies on adverse maternal and infant outcomes and underlying toxicity mechanisms needs to be understood. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review to examine the state of science on the relationship between PBDE and adverse maternal/infant health outcomes and related maternal biomarker changes. This literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science for published articles from January 2005-February 2022. Article quality was assessed using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Of the 1518 articles, only 54 human observational studies were screened in for this review. A second reviewer examined the validity of these articles. Reports on associations between PBDE and maternal health outcomes included gestational hypertension/preeclampsia (N = 2) and gestational diabetes mellitus/glycemic index (N = 6). Meanwhile, reports on PBDE and infant outcomes (N=32) included effects on infant birth weight, birth length and cephalic perimeter, preterm birth, fetal growth restriction and APGAR scores. Although findings on PBDE exposure and adverse infant outcomes showed inconsistencies across studies, in general, negative correlations between maternal PBDEs and infant birth weight, birth length and cephalic perimeter were seen, in few cases, after stratification by sex. Association between maternal PBDE and maternal biomarkers (N=18) suggested negative impact of PBDE exposure on markers relevant to neuro-endocrine system and inflammatory processes. The review findings identified potential associations between maternal PBDE and adverse maternal/infant health outcomes. Furthermore, PBDE-related biomarker changes suggest disturbances in maternal mechanisms relevant to endocrine disrupting properties of PBDEs. The observed study heterogeneity can be attributed to factors namely, sample size, study design and statistical analysis. Overall review findings imply the necessity for further research to validate PBDE exposure-related adverse maternal/infant health effects and to validate underlying toxicity mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gomes
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - M Begum
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - P Kumarathasan
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, HECS, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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17
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Zhu M, Jia P, Yang G, Song L, Hu Y, Wang B. Synergistic effects of core-shell structured piperazine pyrophosphate microcapsules on fire safety and mechanical property in styrenic thermoplastic elastomer. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 653:1112-1122. [PMID: 37783011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.09.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, core-shell structured piperazine pyrophosphate (PAPP) is designed to enhance the fire safety and mechanical property of styrenic thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) composites. The PAPP is microencapsulated with carbon nanotube modified melamine-formaldehyde resin to prepare core-shell structured flame retardants (MT@PAPP). Due to the excellent compatibility between the MT@PAPP and TPE matrix, the mechanical property of TPE/MT@PAPP is improved. Compared with TPE, the peak heat release rate and peak smoke production rate of TPE/MT@PAPP are decreased by 78.5% and 60.0%, respectively. Thus, the core-shell structured piperazine pyrophosphate microcapsule strategy provides an excellent approach to obtain high-performance TPE composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China; Hefei Genius Advanced Material Co., Ltd, 2388 Lianhua Road, Hefei, Anhui 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Guisheng Yang
- Hefei Genius Advanced Material Co., Ltd, 2388 Lianhua Road, Hefei, Anhui 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China.
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18
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de Souza JS. Thyroid hormone biosynthesis and its role in brain development and maintenance. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 142:329-365. [PMID: 39059990 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are critical modulators in the physiological processes necessary to virtually all tissues, with exceptionally fundamental roles in brain development and maintenance. These hormones regulate essential neurodevelopment events, including neuronal migration, synaptogenesis, and myelination. Additionally, thyroid hormones are crucial for maintaining brain homeostasis and cognitive function in adulthood. This chapter aims to offer a comprehensive understanding of thyroid hormone biosynthesis and its intricate role in brain physiology. Here, we described the mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones, their influence on various aspects of brain development and ongoing maintenance, and the proteins in the brain that are responsive to these hormones. This chapter was geared towards broadening our understanding of thyroid hormone action in the brain, shedding light on potential therapeutic targets for neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina Sena de Souza
- Department of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.
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19
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Deng J, Liu W, Gao L, Jia T, He Y, Mao T, Hussain J. A Review of Distribution and Profiles of HBCD in Different Environmental Media of China. Molecules 2023; 29:36. [PMID: 38202620 PMCID: PMC10779568 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) is the most important flame retardant that has been used in Expanded Polystyrene foam and Extruded Polystyrene foam in the past forty years across the world. China was the major producer and user of HBCD, and the total HBCD production was about 0.3 million tons. Although HBCD was completely banned in China in 2021 because of its long-range transport, bioaccumulation and toxicity, there is still a lot of residue in the environment. Therefore, we reviewed multiple studies concerning the distribution of HBCD in diverse environmental matrices, such as in the air, dust, soil, water, sediment, and biota. Results revealed that HBCD levels in different environments in China present geographical variation and were at a high level compared with other countries. In all environmental media, relatively high HBCD concentrations have been found in industrial and urban areas. Industrialization and urbanization are two important factors that influence the concentration and distribution of HBCD in the environment. In terms of isomer, γ-HBCD was the dominant isomer in soil, water, and sediment, while in the biota α-HBCD was the predominant isomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglin Deng
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (J.D.); (L.G.); (T.J.); (Y.H.)
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; (T.M.); (J.H.)
| | - Wenbin Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; (T.M.); (J.H.)
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Lirong Gao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (J.D.); (L.G.); (T.J.); (Y.H.)
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; (T.M.); (J.H.)
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Tianqi Jia
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (J.D.); (L.G.); (T.J.); (Y.H.)
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; (T.M.); (J.H.)
| | - Yunchen He
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (J.D.); (L.G.); (T.J.); (Y.H.)
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; (T.M.); (J.H.)
| | - Tianao Mao
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; (T.M.); (J.H.)
| | - Javid Hussain
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; (T.M.); (J.H.)
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta 87100, Pakistan
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20
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Wang Z, Jia H, Jiang Y, Cui S, Li YF. Bioaccumulation of novel brominated flame retardants in crucian carp (Carassius auratus): Implications for electronic waste recycling area monitoring. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 239:117412. [PMID: 37839535 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) of pollutants is an important parameter for evaluating their bioaccumulation potential and an important indicator for evaluating their environmental risks. However, little study exits on the BAF of novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs). The present study determined 17 NBFRs in 24 water samples in dissolved phase and 93 crucian carp samples collected from an electronic waste recycling site in northern China, in order to examine their contamination, distribution and bioaccumulation. The results showed that the targeted NBFRs were widely detectable in the dissolved phase and crucian carps. In dissolved phase, allyl 2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether (ATE) had the highest detectable rate (100%) and concentration (mean: 1.3 ± 0.62 ng/L), but in crucian carp, hexachlorocyclopentenyl-dibromocyclooctane (HCDBCO) was the one with the highest detectable rate (89%) and concentration (mean: 16 ± 9.2 ng/g wet weight (ww)) among all 17 NBFRs. The discharge and water solubility of NBFRs determined their concentration in the dissolved phase, while the concentration of NBFRs in crucian carp was the results of their discharge and food exposure. The estimated BAFs exceeded 5000 L/kg for petabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), pentabromotoluene (PBT), HCDBCO, pentabromobenzyl acrylate (PBBA), 1,2,3,4,5-pentabromobenzene (PBBZ), 2,3-dibromopropyl-2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether (DPTE), hexabromobenzene (HBBZ), and α-1,2,5,6-tetrabromocyclooctane (α-TBCO), suggesting that these compounds were above the hazard standard of bioaccumulation. Although the BAFs of 2,3,5,6-tetrabromo-p-xylene (p-TBX), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)-ethane (BTBPE), α-/β-tetrabromoethylcyclohexane (α-/β-TBECH) and ATE were less than 5000, the potential of bioaccumulation cannot be ignored. The log BAF of tested NBFRs showed a pattern of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of log KOW, the water solubility of NBFRs, the exposure to fish, the uptake and depuration of fish were the key factor to this pattern. To our knowledge, the BAF values of the most of NBFRs calculated in this study were not reported in the published work previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
| | - Hongliang Jia
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China.
| | - Yan Jiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
| | - Song Cui
- IJRC-PTS, School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yi-Fan Li
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
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21
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Akintunde ME, Lin YP, Krakowiak P, Pessah IN, Hertz-Picciotto I, Puschner B, Ashwood P, Van de Water J. Ex vivo exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) selectively affects the immune response in autistic children. Brain Behav Immun Health 2023; 34:100697. [PMID: 38020477 PMCID: PMC10654005 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Children on the autism spectrum have been shown to have immune dysregulation that often correlates with behavioral deficits. The role of the post-natal environment in this dysregulation is an area of active investigation. We examined the association between plasma levels of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) and immune cell function in age-matched autistic children and non-autistic controls. Plasma from children on the autism spectrum (n = 38) and typically developing controls (TD; n = 60) were analyzed for 14 major PBDE congeners. Cytokine/chemokine production was measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) supernatants with and without ex vivo BDE-49 exposure. Total plasma concentration (∑PBDE14) and individual congener levels were also correlated with T cell function. ∑PBDE14 did not differ between diagnostic groups but correlated with reduced immune function in children on the autism spectrum. In autistic children, IL-2 and IFN-γ production was reduced in association with several individual BDE congeners, especially BDE-49 (p = 0.001). Furthermore, when PBMCs were exposed ex vivo to BDE-49, cells from autistic children produced elevated levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, MIP-1α and MCP-1 (p < 0.05). Therefore, despite similar plasma levels of PBDE, these data suggest that PBMC function was differentially impacted in the context of several PBDE congeners in autistic children relative to TD children where increased body burden of PBDE significantly correlated with a suppressed immune response in autistic children but not TD controls. Further, acute ex vivo exposure of PBMCs to BDE-49 stimulates an elevated cytokine response in AU cases versus a depressed response in TD controls. These data suggest that exposure to the toxicant BDE-49 differentially impacts immune cell function in autistic children relative to TD children providing evidence for an underlying association between susceptibility to PBDE exposure and immune anomalies in children on the autism spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjannie Eloi Akintunde
- School of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, United States
- NIEHS Center for Children's Environmental Health, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Yan-ping Lin
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, United States
- The MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, United States
- NIEHS Center for Children's Environmental Health, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Paula Krakowiak
- The MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, United States
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Isaac N. Pessah
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, United States
- The MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, United States
- NIEHS Center for Children's Environmental Health, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- The MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, United States
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Birgit Puschner
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, United States
- NIEHS Center for Children's Environmental Health, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Paul Ashwood
- The MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, United States
- NIEHS Center for Children's Environmental Health, University of California, Davis, United States
- School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Judy Van de Water
- School of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, United States
- The MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, United States
- NIEHS Center for Children's Environmental Health, University of California, Davis, United States
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22
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Marinello WP, Gillera SEA, Huang L, Rollman J, Reif DM, Patisaul HB. Uncovering the common factors of chemical exposure and behavior: Evaluating behavioral effects across a testing battery using factor analysis. Neurotoxicology 2023; 99:264-273. [PMID: 37914043 PMCID: PMC11154886 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Although specific environmental chemical exposures, including flame retardants, are known risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), direct experimental evidence linking specific chemicals to NDDs is limited. Studies focusing on the mechanisms by which the social processing systems are vulnerable to chemical exposure are underrepresented in the literature, even though social impairments are defining characteristics of many NDDs. We have repeatedly demonstrated that exposure to Firemaster 550 (FM 550), a prevalent flame retardant mixture used in foam-based furniture and infant products, can adversely impact a variety of behavioral endpoints. Our recent work in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster), a prosocial animal model, demonstrated that perinatal exposure to FM 550 sex specifically impacts socioemotional behavior. Here, we utilized a factor analysis approach on a battery of behavioral data from our prior study to extract underlying factors that potentially explain patterns within the FM 550 behavior data. This approach identified which aspects of the behavioral battery are most robust and informative, an outcome critical for future study designs. Pearson's correlation identified behavioral endpoints associated with distance and stranger interactions that were highly correlated across 5 behavioral tests. Using these behavioral endpoints, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) extracted 2 factors that could explain the data: Activity (distance traveled endpoints) and Sociability (time spent with a novel conspecific). Exposure to FM 550 significantly decreased Activity and decreased Sociability. This factor analysis approach to behavioral data offers the advantages of modeling numerous measured variables and simplifying the data set by presenting the data in terms of common, overarching factors in terms of behavioral function.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Marinello
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Sagi Enicole A Gillera
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; ICF International Inc, Durham, NC 27713, USA
| | - Lynn Huang
- Department of Statistics, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - John Rollman
- Department of Statistics, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - David M Reif
- Bioinformatics Research Center, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Heather B Patisaul
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Center for Human Health and the Environment, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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23
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Martinez G, Zhu J, Takser L, Baccarelli AA, Bellenger JP. Complementarity of plasma and stool for the characterization of children's exposure to halogenated flame retardants: Update on analytical methods and application to a Canadian cohort. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140222. [PMID: 37734505 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen halogenated flame retardants including Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), Dechlorane-like compounds, and emerging halogenated flame retardants were measured in stool and plasma samples from children aged 8.9-13.8 years old. Samples were obtained from a Canadian cohort investigating the effect of contaminants on children's neurodevelopment in the Estrie region, Québec, Canada. The method for stool analysis developed for this study showed good recovery for all targeted compounds (73%-93%) with associated relative standard deviation (RSD) in the range of 16.0%-30.7% for most compounds except for the thermosensitive BDE209, OBTMBI, and BTBPE, which showed slightly higher RSD, i.e., 49.3%, 37.2%, and 34.9% respectively. Complementarity investigation of stool and blood samples allowed us to better characterize human exposure to these halogenated flame retardants. Exposure patterns differed significantly between stool and blood, notably in the relative abundance of BDE47, BDE100, BDE99, and BDE153 and the detection frequencies of BDE209, syn-DP, anti-DP, and DBDPE. There was no correlation between the two matrices' PBDEs concentration levels except for BDE153 (rho = 0.44, p < 0.01). Our results indicate that future epidemiological studies may benefit from the use of stool as a complementary matrix to blood, especially investigations into chemical impacts on the gut microbiome. Results also revealed that children from the GESTE cohort, an Eastern Canadian semi-rural cohort, are exposed to both historical and emergent flame retardants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Martinez
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Jiping Zhu
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Larissa Takser
- Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Jean-Philippe Bellenger
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
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24
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Klimm A, Vetter W. Hydroxylated transformation products obtained after UV irradiation of the current-use brominated flame retardants hexabromobenzene, pentabromotoluene, and pentabromoethylbenzene. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:118556-118566. [PMID: 37917263 PMCID: PMC10697972 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30566-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Hexabromobenzene (HBB), pentabromotoluene (PBT), and pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB) are current-use brominated flame retardants (cuBFRs) which have been repeatedly detected in environmental samples. Since information on hydroxylated transformation products (OH-TPs) was scarcely available, the three polybrominated compounds were UV irradiated for 10 min in benzotrifluoride. Fractionation on silica gel enabled the separate collection and identification of OH-TPs. For more insights, aliquots of the separated OH-TPs were UV irradiated for another 50 min (60 min total UV irradiation time). The present investigation of polar UV irradiation products of HBB, PBT, and PBEB was successful in each case. Altogether, eight bromophenols were detected in the case of HBB (three Br3-, four Br4-, and one Br5-isomer), and nine OH-TPs were observed in the case of PBT/PBEB (six Br3- and three Br4-congeners). In either case, Br➔OH exchange was more relevant than H➔OH exchange. Also, such exchange was most relevant in meta- and ortho-positions. As a further point, and in agreement with other studies, the transformation rate decreased with decreasing degree of bromination. UV irradiation of HBB additionally resulted in the formation of tri- and tetrabrominated dihydroxylated compounds (brominated diphenols) that were subsequently identified. These dihydroxylated transformation products were found to be more stable than OH-TPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Klimm
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), Garbenstraße 28, D-70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Walter Vetter
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), Garbenstraße 28, D-70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
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25
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Yilmaz O, Kucuk M, Darie-Nita RN, Cheaburu-Yilmaz CN. Halogen-Free Waterborne Polymeric Hybrid Coatings for Improved Fire Retardancy of Textiles. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4496. [PMID: 38231923 PMCID: PMC10707787 DOI: 10.3390/polym15234496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Wildfires are becoming more intense and more frequent, ravaging the habitations and ecosystems in their path. One solution to reducing the risk of damage to buildings and other structures during a fire event is the use of fire-retardant coatings that can stop or slow down the spread of flames, especially for textile materials. The present study focuses on the preparation and application of halogen-free boron/bentonite-based polymeric fire-retardant (FR) hybrid coating formulations for fabrics such as cotton (CO) and polyester (PE) fibers. For the preparation of FR composites, two types of boron derivatives, disodium octaborate and zinc borate, were used in combination with sodium bentonite. A styrene-acrylic copolymer was specifically synthesized and used as a coating binder for FR components to apply on fabrics. The properties of the synthesized copolymer and FR composites were characterized with a particle size analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, a dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), and rheological measurements. The obtained hybrid composites based on styrene-acrylic copolymers and two different inorganic fillers were applied on cotton (CO) and polyester (PE) fabrics with a screen-printing technique, and the flame retardancy performance of the finished textile samples was investigated by means of flame spread and limit oxygen index (LOI) tests. The findings showed that the FR-composite-coated fabrics had higher LOI values and much decreased flame spread rates in comparison with uncoated ones. Among the boron derivatives, the composites prepared with disodium octaborate (FR-A) had much more pronounced LOI values and decreased flame spread behavior in comparison with the composite with zinc borate (FR-B). When compared to a commercial product, the FR-A composite, in conjunction with the specially synthesized polymer, demonstrated commendable fire retardancy performance and emerged as a promising candidate for a halogen-free waterborne fire-retardant coating for fabrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Yilmaz
- Leather Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Bornova 35100, Izmir, Türkiye;
- ACADEMICHEM Kimya ARGE San. Tic. Ltd. Şti, Ege University Technology Development Zone, Bornova 35100, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Kucuk
- Textile Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Bornova 35100, Izmir, Türkiye;
| | - Raluca Nicoleta Darie-Nita
- Physical Chemistry of Polymers Department, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Romanian Academy, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Catalina Natalia Cheaburu-Yilmaz
- ACADEMICHEM Kimya ARGE San. Tic. Ltd. Şti, Ege University Technology Development Zone, Bornova 35100, Izmir, Türkiye
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylul University, Buca 35390, Izmir, Türkiye
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26
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Merrill AK, Sobolewski M, Susiarjo M. Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals impacts immunological and metabolic status of women during pregnancy. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 577:112031. [PMID: 37506868 PMCID: PMC10592265 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa K Merrill
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Marissa Sobolewski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Martha Susiarjo
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA.
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27
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Arnold C. From Canaries to Cats: Domestic Animals as Sentinels for Human Exposure Effects. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:112001. [PMID: 37966804 PMCID: PMC10650500 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
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28
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Meizler A, Porter N, Roddick F. Removal and detoxification of pentahalogenated phenols using a photocatalytically induced enzymatic process. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21738. [PMID: 38034683 PMCID: PMC10684381 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly-halogenated phenols generated from a range of industrial processes can find their way into rivers and ground water. Here we report on a potential treatment for reducing the toxicity of these aqueous pollutants using two highly toxic penta-halogenated phenols (pentachlorophenol (PCP) and pentabromophenol (PBP)) as surrogates. Solutions were passed through a glass column packed with a silica support fused with titanium dioxide (TiO2) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) immobilized on its TiO2/glass surface (HRP-Tglass). TiO2 photocatalysis was activated through irradiation with UVB (320 nm) which in turn activated the HRP. Two operational flow rates (0.5 and 1.25 mL min-1; hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 20 and 8 min, respectively), tested the effect of retention time on the extent of degradation and reduction in toxicity of the treated effluent. Microtox® was used to measure the toxicity of the substrate and its by-products at both flow rates. At the highest flow rate, dehalogenation was limited (removal of 37 % chlorine and 22 % bromine) and the toxicity of the reaction products increased. At the lowest flow rate, the longer exposure time resulted in approximately 97 % and 96 % transformation of PCP and PBP, respectively, a greater degree of dehalogenation (removal of 65 % chlorine and 70 % bromine) and a substantial decrease in toxicity of the treated solutions. The higher toxicity of effluent from the higher flow rate was attributed to the initial degradation products being more toxic than the substrates. With a longer HRT, these were then further broken down to less toxic products. Additional toxicity tests (Hydra hexactinella (Hydra) and Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell toxicity were conducted on the effluent from the lowest flow rate. Both were less sensitive than the Microtox test, with Hydra proving more sensitive than CHO. The novelty of this work is the toxicity risk assessment of the products resulting from the use of a spatially separated immobilized enzyme and photooxidation system. The system was robust and showed no decrease in treatment efficacy over 10 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Meizler
- Department of Post-Graduate, Hong Bang International University, 215 Điện Biên Phủ, P.15, Q. Bình Thạnh, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - N.A. Porter
- School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - F.A. Roddick
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
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29
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Sun G, Du X, Wu Y, Yin G, Chen L, Liu X, Zhou Y, Qiu Y, Lin T. Novel and legacy brominated flame retardants in snakes and frogs: Tissue distribution, biomagnification, and maternal transfer. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165194. [PMID: 37391149 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Although many studies have examined polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) in biota, information on the bioaccumulation characteristics of NBFRs from field works is limited. This study investigated the tissue-specific exposure to PBDEs and NBFRs in two reptilian (short-tailed mamushi and red-backed rat snake) and one amphibian species (black-spotted frog) prevalent in the Yangtze River Delta, China. The levels of ΣPBDEs and ΣNBFRs ranged from 4.4-250 and 2.9-22 ng/g lipid weight for snakes respectively and 2.9-120 and 7.1-97 ng/g lipid weight for frogs respectively. BDE-209, BDE-154, and BDE-47 were three major PBDE congeners while decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE) dominated in NBFRs. Tissue burdens indicated that snake adipose was the major storage site of PBDEs and NBFRs. The biomagnification factors (BMFs) estimated from black-spotted frog to red-backed rat snake indicated the biomagnification of penta- to nona-BDE congeners (BMFs 1.1-4.0) but the lack of biomagnification of other BDE and all NBFR congeners (BMFs 0.16-0.78). Mother to egg transfer of PBDEs and NBFRs evaluated in frogs showed that maternal transfer efficiency was positively related to chemical lipophilicity. This is the first field study on the tissue distribution of NBFRs in reptiles and amphibians and the maternal transfer behavior of 5 major NBFRs. The results underline the bioaccumulation potential of alternative NBFRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanzhen Sun
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xinyu Du
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ge Yin
- Shimadzu (China) Co., LTD, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Luting Chen
- SUEZ (Shanghai) Investment Co., LTD, Shanghai 200070, China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Université de technologie de Compiègne, ESCOM, TIMR (Integrated Transformations of Renewable Matter), Centre de recherches Royallieu - CS 60 319, 60 203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Yihui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yanling Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tian Lin
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
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30
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Berger ML, Shaw SD, Rolsky CB, Chen D, Sun J, Rosing-Asvid A, Granquist SM, Simon M, Bäcklin BM, Roos AM. Alternative and legacy flame retardants in marine mammals from three northern ocean regions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 335:122255. [PMID: 37517638 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Flame retardants are globally distributed contaminants that have been linked to negative health effects in humans and wildlife. As top predators, marine mammals bioaccumulate flame retardants and other contaminants in their tissues which is one of many human-imposed factors threatening population health. While some flame retardants, such as the polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), have been banned because of known toxicity and environmental persistence, limited data exist on the presence and distribution of current-use alternative flame retardants in marine mammals from many industrialized and remote regions of the world. Therefore, this study measured 44 legacy and alternative flame retardants in nine marine mammal species from three ocean regions: the Northwest Atlantic, the Arctic, and the Baltic allowing for regional, species, age, body condition, temporal, and tissue comparisons to help understand global patterns. PBDE concentrations were 100-1000 times higher than the alternative brominated flame retardants (altBFRs) and Dechloranes. 2,2',4,5,5'-pentabromobiphenyl (BB-101) and hexabromobenzene (HBBZ) were the predominant altBFRs, while Dechlorane-602 was the predominant Dechlorane. This manuscript also reports only the second detection of hexachlorocyclopentadienyl-dibromocyclooctane (HCDBCO) in marine mammals. The NW Atlantic had the highest PBDE concentrations followed by the Baltic and Arctic which reflects greater historical use of PBDEs in North America compared to Europe and greater industrialization of North America and Baltic countries compared to the Arctic. Regional patterns for other compounds were more complicated, and there were significant interactions among species, regions, body condition and age class. Lipid-normalized PBDE concentrations in harbor seal liver and blubber were similar, but HBBZ and many Dechloranes had higher concentrations in liver, indicating factors other than lipid dynamics affect the distribution of these compounds. The health implications of contamination by this mixture of compounds are of concern and require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Berger
- Shaw Institute, PO Box 1652, 55 Main Street, Blue Hill, ME, 04614, USA.
| | - Susan D Shaw
- Shaw Institute, PO Box 1652, 55 Main Street, Blue Hill, ME, 04614, USA
| | - Charles B Rolsky
- Shaw Institute, PO Box 1652, 55 Main Street, Blue Hill, ME, 04614, USA
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China; Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Jiachen Sun
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China; College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, CN-266003, Qingdao, China
| | - Aqqalu Rosing-Asvid
- Greenland Climate Research Centre, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Kivioq 2, PO Box 570, 3900, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Sandra Magdalena Granquist
- Seal Research Department, The Icelandic Seal Center, Höfðabraut 6, 530 Hvammstangi, Iceland; Marine and Freshwater Research Institute, Fornubúðir 5, 220 Hafnarfjörður, Iceland
| | - Malene Simon
- Greenland Climate Research Centre, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Kivioq 2, PO Box 570, 3900, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Britt-Marie Bäcklin
- Department of Environmental Research and Monitoring, Swedish Museum of Natural History, PO Box 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Maria Roos
- Greenland Climate Research Centre, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Kivioq 2, PO Box 570, 3900, Nuuk, Greenland; Department of Environmental Research and Monitoring, Swedish Museum of Natural History, PO Box 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
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31
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Reale E, Hopf NB, Breider F, Grandjean D, Pirard C, Charlier C, Koch HM, Berthet A, Suarez G, Borgatta M. Repeated Human Exposure to Semivolatile Organic Compounds by Inhalation: Novel Protocol for a Nonrandomized Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e51020. [PMID: 37831504 PMCID: PMC10612011 DOI: 10.2196/51020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) comprise several different chemical families used mainly as additives in many everyday products. SVOCs can be released into the air as aerosols and deposit on particulate matter during use by dispersion, evaporation, or abrasion. Phthalates are SVOCs of growing concern due to their endocrine-disrupting effects. Human data on the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of these compounds upon inhalation are almost nonexistent. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study is to develop a method for repeated inhalation exposures to SVOCs to characterize their ADME in humans. METHODS We will use diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), a major indoor air pollutant, as a model SVOC in this novel protocol. The Swiss official Commission on Ethics in Human Research, Canton de Vaud, approved the study on October 14, 2020 (project-ID 2020-01095). Participants (n=10) will be repeatedly exposed (2 short daily exposures over 4 days) to isotope-labeled DEHP (DEHP-d4) to distinguish administered exposures from background exposures. DEHP-d4 aerosols will be generated with a small, portable, aerosol-generating device. Participants will inhale DEHP-d4-containing aerosols themselves with this device at home. Air concentrations of the airborne phthalates will be less than or equal to their occupational exposure limit (OEL). DEHP-d4 and its metabolites will be quantified in urine and blood before, during, and after exposure. RESULTS Our developed device can generate DEHP-d4 aerosols with diameters of 2.5 μm or smaller and a mean DEHP-d4 mass of 1.4 (SD 0.2) μg per puff (n=6). As of May 2023, we have enrolled 5 participants. CONCLUSIONS The portable device can be used to generate phthalate aerosols for repeated exposure in human studies. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/51020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Reale
- Department of Occupational Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nancy B Hopf
- Department of Occupational Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Breider
- Central Environmental Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Grandjean
- Central Environmental Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Pirard
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
- Laboratory of Clinical, Forensic and Environmental Toxicology, University Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Corinne Charlier
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
- Laboratory of Clinical, Forensic and Environmental Toxicology, University Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Holger M Koch
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Aurélie Berthet
- Department of Occupational Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Suarez
- Department of Occupational Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Myriam Borgatta
- Department of Occupational Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Sousa-Guedes D, Cunha SC, Fernandes JO, Semedo D, Sillero N, Marco A, Bessa F. Can plastic pollution contaminate loggerhead turtle nests? Evaluation of flame retardants (PBDEs) levels in the sand. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 195:115550. [PMID: 37722265 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution is a global environmental issue affecting multiple ecosystems, namely sea turtle nesting grounds. We analysed the potential chemical contamination caused by plastic debris in loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) nests, focusing on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs, a class of flame retardants). For that, we conducted a field experiment in a turtle hatchery (Cabo Verde) by placing plastic fragments in the nests at two depths: surface and ~20 cm. We evaluated the nests' success and quantified the levels of PBDEs in the sand using GC-MS/MS. Our results suggest that plastics on the nests' surface can leak contaminants, infiltrating the sand up to 20 cm. Buried plastics showed no relevant leakage of chemicals. While hatching and emergence success was unaffected, we found a relationship between leucistic embryos and contamination levels. Our study highlights the threats of plastic accumulation on beaches, which can potentially leak chemicals and contaminate turtle nests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Sousa-Guedes
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências Geo-Espaciais (CICGE), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Alameda do Monte da Virgem, 4430-146 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal; BIOS.CV - Conservation of the Environment and Sustainable Development, CP 52111 Sal Rei, Boa Vista Island, Cabo Verde; Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, C/ Américo Vespucio, s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Sara C Cunha
- LAQV/Requimte, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - José O Fernandes
- LAQV/Requimte, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Diana Semedo
- BIOS.CV - Conservation of the Environment and Sustainable Development, CP 52111 Sal Rei, Boa Vista Island, Cabo Verde
| | - Neftalí Sillero
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências Geo-Espaciais (CICGE), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Alameda do Monte da Virgem, 4430-146 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.
| | - Adolfo Marco
- BIOS.CV - Conservation of the Environment and Sustainable Development, CP 52111 Sal Rei, Boa Vista Island, Cabo Verde; Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, C/ Américo Vespucio, s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Filipa Bessa
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Holuka C, Morel C, Roth S, Lamartinière Y, Mériaux SB, Paoli J, Guébels P, Duca RC, Godderis L, van Nieuwenhuyse A, Kremarik-Bouillaud P, Cariou R, Emond C, Schroeder H, Turner JD, Grova N. The epigenetic hallmark of early-life α-hexabromocyclododecane exposure: From cerebellar 6-mA levels to locomotor performance in adulthood. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 178:108103. [PMID: 37494814 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing evidence that methylation at the N6 position of adenine (6-mA), whose modulation occurs primarily during development, would be a reliable epigenetic marker in eukaryotic organisms. The present study raises the question as to whether early-life exposure to α-hexabromocyclododecane (α-HBCDD), a brominated flame retardant, may trigger modifications in 6-mA epigenetic hallmarks in the brain during the development which, in turn could affect the offspring behaviour in adulthood. Pregnant Wistar rats were split into two groups: control and α-HBCDD (66 ng/kg/per os, G0-PND14). At PND1, α-HBCDD levels were assessed in brain and liver by LC-MS/MS. At PND14, DNA was isolated from the offspring's cerebellum. DNA methylation was measured by 6-mA-specific immunoprecipitation and Illumina® sequencing (MEDIP-Seq). Locomotor activity was finally evaluated at PND120. In our early-life exposure model, we confirmed that α-HBCDD can cross the placental barrier and be detected in pups at birth. An obvious post-exposure phenotype with locomotor deficits was observed when the rats reached adulthood. This was accompanied by sex-specific over-methylation of genes involved in the insulin signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway as well as serotonergic and GABAergic synapses, potentially altering the normal process of neurodevelopment with consequent motor impairments crystalized at adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrielle Holuka
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity-Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Faculty of Science, University of Luxembourg, L-4365 Belval, Luxembourg.
| | - Chloé Morel
- Calbinotox, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Lorraine, Campus Aiguillettes, B.P. 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Sarah Roth
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity-Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Yordenca Lamartinière
- Calbinotox, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Lorraine, Campus Aiguillettes, B.P. 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Sophie B Mériaux
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity-Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Justine Paoli
- Calbinotox, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Lorraine, Campus Aiguillettes, B.P. 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Pauline Guébels
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity-Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Radu C Duca
- Department of Health Protection, National Health Laboratory (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg; Centre for Environment and Health, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Lode Godderis
- Centre for Environment and Health, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium; IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Heverlee 3001, Belgium.
| | - An van Nieuwenhuyse
- Department of Health Protection, National Health Laboratory (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg; Centre for Environment and Health, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Pascaline Kremarik-Bouillaud
- UMR Inserm 1256 nGERE, Nutrition-Génétique et exposition aux risques environnementaux, Institute of Medical Research (Pôle BMS), University of Lorraine, B.P. 184, 54511 Nancy, France.
| | | | - Claude Emond
- PKSH Inc., Crabtree, Quebec, Canada; School of Public Health, DSEST, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Henri Schroeder
- Calbinotox, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Lorraine, Campus Aiguillettes, B.P. 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; UMR Inserm 1256 nGERE, Nutrition-Génétique et exposition aux risques environnementaux, Institute of Medical Research (Pôle BMS), University of Lorraine, B.P. 184, 54511 Nancy, France.
| | - Jonathan D Turner
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity-Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Nathalie Grova
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity-Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Calbinotox, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Lorraine, Campus Aiguillettes, B.P. 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; UMR Inserm 1256 nGERE, Nutrition-Génétique et exposition aux risques environnementaux, Institute of Medical Research (Pôle BMS), University of Lorraine, B.P. 184, 54511 Nancy, France.
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Mohammed NA, Lewis K, Hodges N, Michelangeli F. Mechanisms of cell death induced by hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) involves apoptosis, autophagy, and ER stress. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23397. [PMID: 37310082 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), was a widely utilized brominated flame retardant, commonly found in a wide range of household products. The pervasiveness of HBCD has identified the presence of this chemical in foods and in human tissues. Therefore, HBCD has been identified as a chemical of concern. The aim was to investigate the degree of cytotoxicity of HBCD in a range of cell lines derived from different tissues, (including hematopoietic, nerve, liver, and kidney-derived cells) with a view of determining any differential cell type effects. In addition, this study also investigated the mechanism(s) by which HBCD could cause cell death. The results showed that HCBD was considerably more toxic to leukocyte-derived (RBL2H3) and neuronal-derived (SHSY-5Y) cells with LC50 values of 1.5 and 6.1 µM, respectively, compared to cells derived from liver (HepG2) and kidney (Cos-7), which had LC50 values of 28.5 and 17.5 µM, respectively. A detailed investigation of the mechanism(s) of cell death showed that HBCD caused, at least in part, Ca2+ -dependent cell death, caspase-activated apoptosis, and autophagy, but there was little evidence for either necrosis or necroptosis occurring. Furthermore, it was shown that HBCD can also induce the ER stress response which is a known trigger of both apoptosis and autophagy and therefore this could be one of the crucial events by which cell death is initiated. As each of these cell death mechanisms was investigated in at least two different cell lines and no differences were identified, it is likely that the mode of action is not cell-type specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor A Mohammed
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Biology, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq
| | - Kirstie Lewis
- Chester Medical School, University of Chester, Chester, UK
| | - Nikolas Hodges
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Francesco Michelangeli
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
- Chester Medical School, University of Chester, Chester, UK
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Alhariri Y, Ali L, Altarawneh M. Mechanochemical debromination of allyl 2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether (TBP-AE): optimization of the operational conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:87118-87128. [PMID: 37418188 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28416-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Allyl 2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether (TBP-AE) is a flame retardant that is added to plastics to improve their fire resistance. This kind of additive is hazardous to both human health and the environment. As any other BFRs, TBP-AE resists photo-degradation in the environment and hence materials laden with TBP-AE are to be dibrominated to avoid environmental pollution. Mechanochemical degradation of TBP-AE is a promising approach with potential industrial applications since it does not require high temperatures nor it generates any secondary pollutants. A planetary ball milling simulation experiment was designed to study TBP-AE's mechanochemical debromination. To report products from the mechanochemical process, a variety of characterization techniques were used. The characterization methods included gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The effects of various co-milling reagent types, co-milling reagent concentrations with raw material, time, and revolution speed on mechanochemical debromination efficiency have been thoroughly investigated. The Fe/Al2O3 mixture entails the highest debromination efficiency of 23%. However, when using a Fe/Al2O3 mixture, neither the reagent concentration nor the revolution speed influenced the debromination efficiency. In case of using only Al2O3, the next viable reagent, it was revealed that while increasing the revolution, speed improved debromination efficiency to a certain point, and increasing it any further left the debromination efficiency unchanged. In addition, the results showed that an equal mass ratio of TBP-AE to Al2O3 promoted degradation more than an increase in the ratio of Al2O3 to TBP-AE. The addition of ABS polymer largely inhibits the reaction between Al2O3 and TBP-AE, which hindered alumina's ability to capture organic bromine, causing a significant decrease in the debromination efficiency when model of waste printed circuit board (WPCB) is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Alhariri
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Street, 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Labeeb Ali
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Street, 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammednoor Altarawneh
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Street, 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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Martín-Carrasco I, Carbonero-Aguilar P, Dahiri B, Moreno IM, Hinojosa M. Comparison between pollutants found in breast milk and infant formula in the last decade: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 875:162461. [PMID: 36868281 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Since ancient times, breastfeeding has been the fundamental way of nurturing the newborn. The benefits of breast milk are widely known, as it is a source of essential nutrients and provides immunological protection, as well as developmental benefits, among others. However, when breastfeeding is not possible, infant formula is the most appropriate alternative. Its composition meets the nutritional requirements of the infant, and its quality is subject to strict control by the authorities. Nonetheless, the presence of different pollutants has been detected in both matrices. Thus, the aim of the present review is to make a comparison between the findings in both breast milk and infant formula in terms of contaminants in the last decade, in order to choose the most convenient option depending on the environmental conditions. For that, the emerging pollutants including metals, chemical compounds derived from heat treatment, pharmaceutical drugs, mycotoxins, pesticides, packaging materials, and other contaminants were described. While in breast milk the most concerning contaminants found were metals and pesticides, in infant formula pollutants such as metals, mycotoxins, and packaging materials were the most outstanding. In conclusion, the convenience of using a feeding diet based on breast milk or either infant formula depends on the maternal environmental circumstances. However, it is important to take into account the immunological benefits of the breast milk compared to the infant formula, and the possibility of using breast milk in combination with infant formula when the nutritional requirements are not fulfilled only with the intake of breast milk. Therefore, more attention should be paid in terms of analyzing these conditions in each case to be able to make a proper decision, as it will vary depending on the maternal and newborn environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Martín-Carrasco
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, C/ Profesor García González 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - P Carbonero-Aguilar
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, C/ Profesor García González 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - B Dahiri
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, C/ Profesor García González 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - I M Moreno
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, C/ Profesor García González 2, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - M Hinojosa
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, C/ Profesor García González 2, 41012 Seville, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Institutionen för biokemi och biofysik, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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37
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An T, Lu L, Li G. Daily exposure to low concentrations Tetrabromobisphenol A interferes with the thyroid hormone pathway in HepG2 cells. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 3:384-391. [PMID: 38933766 PMCID: PMC11197689 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is a flame retardant that adversely affects the environment and human health. The present study exposed HepG2 cells to low concentrations of TBBPA daily to investigate the changes in gene regulation, mainly related to pathways associated with the endocrine system. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) confirmed that prolonged exposure gradually activated the thyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone signaling pathways. The expression levels of genes related to the thyroid hormone signaling pathway were upregulated (1.15-8.54 times) after five generations of exposure to 1 and 81 nM TBBPA. Furthermore, co-exposure to 81 nM TBBPA and 0.5 nM thyroid hormone receptor antagonist for five generations significantly reduced the expression of thyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone receptors. Meanwhile, 81 nM TBBPA inhibited the activation of the Ras pathway and downregulated Ras gene expression level (3.7 times), indicating the association between the toxic effect and thyroid hormone receptors. Additionally, our experiments revealed that the thyroid hormone pathway regulated the induction of the Ras signaling pathway by TBBPA. The study thus proves that daily exposure to TBBPA interferes with the thyroid hormone signaling pathway and subsequently the endocrine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taicheng An
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lirong Lu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Gu C, Jin Z, Fan X, Ti Q, Yang X, Sun C, Jiang X. Comparative evaluation and prioritization of key influences on biodegradation of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabrominated diphenyl ether by bacterial isolate B. xenovorans LB400. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 331:117320. [PMID: 36696759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of persistent organic pollutants being widely distributed and harmful to human health and wildlife, and the development of sustainable rehabilitation strategies including microbial degradation is of great concern. Although the increasing number of bacteria, especially the broad-spectrum and potent aerobes have been isolated for the efficient removal of PBDEs, the external influences and the corresponding influential mechanism on biodegradation are not fully understood yet. Given the wide-spectrum biodegradability of aerobic bacterial isolate, B. xenovorans LB400 for PBDEs, the dual impacts of many pivotal factors including pH, temperature, presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and cadmium ion etc. were comprehensively revealed on biodegradation of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47). Due to the structural resemblance and stimulation of specific enzyme activity in bacteria, the biphenyl as substrates showed the greater capacity than non-aromatic compounds in improving biodegradation. The individual adaptation to neutrality and cultivation at about 30 °C was beneficial for biodegradation since the bacterial cellular viability and enzyme activity was mostly preserved. Although it was possibly good for the induction of hormesis and favorable to enhance the permeability or bioavailability of pollutant, the exceeding increase of Cd2+ or DOM may not give the profitable increase of biodegradation yet for the detrimental effect. For biodegradation, the mechanistic relationship that took account of the integrative correlation with the influential factors was artfully developed using partial least square (PLS) regression technique. Relative to the most significant influence of culture time and initial concentration of BDE-47, the larger relevance of other factors primarily marked as pH and DOM was consecutively shown after the quantitative prioritization. This may not only help understand the influential mechanism but provide a prioritizing regulation strategy for biodegradation of BDE-47. The PLS-derived relationship was validated with the certain predictability in biodegradation, and could be used as an alternative to accelerate a priori evaluation of suitability or improve the feasibility of such bacteria in remediation of PBDEs in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggang Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Zhihua Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xiuli Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Qingqing Ti
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xinglun Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Cheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xin Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
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Charles D, Berg V, Nøst TH, Wilsgaard T, Bergdahl IA, Huber S, Ayotte P, Averina M, Sandanger T, Rylander C. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in type 2 diabetes mellitus cases and controls: Repeated measurements prior to and after diagnosis. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 249:114148. [PMID: 36881976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported associations between certain persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of POPs that are found in increasing concentrations in humans. Although obesity is a known risk factor for T2DM and PBDEs are fat-soluble, very few studies have investigated associations between PBDEs and T2DM. No longitudinal studies have assessed associations between repeated measurements of PBDE and T2DM in the same individuals and compared time trends of PBDEs in T2DM cases and controls. OBJECTIVES To investigate associations between pre- and post-diagnostic measurements of PBDEs and T2DM and to compare time trends of PBDEs in T2DM cases and controls. METHODS Questionnaire data and serum samples from participants in the Tromsø Study were used to conduct a longitudinal nested case-control study among 116 T2DM cases and 139 controls. All included study participants had three pre-diagnostic blood samples (collected before T2DM diagnosis in cases), and up to two post-diagnostic samples after T2DM diagnosis. We used logistic regression models to investigate pre- and post-diagnostic associations between PBDEs and T2DM, and linear mixed-effect models to assess time trends of PBDEs in T2DM cases and controls. RESULTS We observed no substantial pre- or post-diagnostic associations between any of the PBDEs and T2DM, except for BDE-154 at one of the post-diagnostic time-points (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.00, 2.71). The overall time trends of PBDE concentrations were similar for cases and controls. DISCUSSION The study did not support PBDEs increasing the odds of T2DM, prior to or after T2DM diagnosis. T2DM status did not influence the time trends of PBDE concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolley Charles
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Vivian Berg
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Diagnostic Services, University Hospital of North Norway, NO-9038, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Therese Haugdahl Nøst
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Community Medicine and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tom Wilsgaard
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ingvar A Bergdahl
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sandra Huber
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Diagnostic Services, University Hospital of North Norway, NO-9038, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Pierre Ayotte
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre de Toxicologie du Québec, INSPQ, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Maria Averina
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Diagnostic Services, University Hospital of North Norway, NO-9038, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Torkjel Sandanger
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037, Tromsø, Norway; NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, NO-9007, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Charlotta Rylander
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037, Tromsø, Norway.
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Mu X, Wang Y, Huang J, Lan L, Wang H, Xu W, Li X. Investigation on the formation mechanism of main products from TBBPA pyrolysis using DFT method. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 320:138045. [PMID: 36736836 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The formation mechanisms of the main pyrolysis products of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) such as hydrogen bromide (HBr), bisphenol A compounds, and phenolic compounds were studied through using density functional theory (DFT) method at the theoretical level of B3P86/6-311 + G (d,p), and the effects of H and Br radicals on the formation mechanism of each product were analyzed. For the formation of each pyrolysis product, this paper presented various possible reaction pathways and acquired their thermodynamic parameters. Calculation results show that HBr can be produce. d continuously during the pyrolysis of TBBPA, and combination and abstraction reactions are the main ways for the generation of HBr. Br radical can abstract H atom from the phenolic hydroxyl groups of TBBPA to produce HBr, and this reaction is barrierless. When H radicals are involved in the initial reaction, the significance of the keto-enol tautomerism is negligible at all debrominations. The Br atom abstraction by H radical is the optimal pattern for debromination. TBBPA can be transformed into low-brominated bisphenol A through consecutive hydrodebromination reactions with trivial activation energies of 8.7-9.5 kJ/mol. The demethylation reaction is an initiation reaction for monomolecular pyrolysis of TBBPA and low-brominated bisphenol A, which is beneficial to the formation of phenolic compounds. During the pyrolysis of TBBPA, para-position Br atom of polybrominated phenol is easier to be removed and the energy barriers of rate-determining steps of the optimal reaction paths for the formation of 2,4,6-tribromophenol, 2,6-dibromophenol, 2,4-dibromophenol, 2-bromophenol, 4-bromophenol and phenol are 108.8, 7.6, 8.7, 8.1, 9.5, and 8.7 kJ/mol, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Mu
- School of Physics and Mechatronic Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Physics and Mechatronic Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jinbao Huang
- School of Physics and Mechatronic Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Lin Lan
- School of Physics and Mechatronic Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Hong Wang
- School of Physics and Mechatronic Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Weiwei Xu
- School of Physics and Mechatronic Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xinsheng Li
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
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Gao Y, Li J. Highly efficient, durable and eco-friendly intumescent flame retardant for wool fabrics. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-022-1318-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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Zhang Y, Xu S, Li K, Li X, Yin H, Li S, Gao XJ. TBBPA induced ROS overproduction promotes apoptosis and inflammation by inhibiting autophagy in mice lung. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 252:114607. [PMID: 36738613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), a non-degradable environmental pollutant, was discharge into the air during the manufacture, use and recycling of plastic products. Respiratory exposure is the main way to inhalation of TBBPA. However, the research on the damage of TBBPA to the respiratory system is still extremely few. The aim of this experiment was to explore the mechanism of TBBPA toxicity to the lungs. Forty C57BL/6 J mice randomly divided into 4 groups, and the experimental groups with TBBPA at 10 n M/kg, 20 n M/kg and 40 n M/kg for 14 consecutive days. Histopathological and ultrastructural analysis showed that the inflammatory cells infiltrated and tissue structure damaged in the lung of mice with exposing to TBBPA. The ROS and MDA levels increase and the T-AOC, GSH-Px, CAT, SOD activities inhibition was found in lung tissue with TBBPA exposure. The expression of autophagy-related factors Beclin-1, P62, LC3-II, ATG5, and ATG7 decreased. The activation of NF-κB/TNF-α pathway indicates the occurrence of inflammation. The expression of Bax, caspase3, caspase7, caspase 9 increase, the expression of Bcl-2 decreased, and the apoptosis pathway activated. The autophagy inducer rapamycin can reverse the adverse effects of inflammation and apoptosis. Taken together, TBBPA inhibits autophagy-induced pneumonia and apoptosis by overproduction ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhe Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, PR China
| | - Shuang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Kan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xueying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Hang Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Shu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xue-Jiao Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, PR China.
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Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate is a metabolism-disrupting chemical in male mice. Toxicol Lett 2023; 374:31-39. [PMID: 36493961 PMCID: PMC9869283 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) is an organophosphate flame retardant. The primary TDCPP metabolite, bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCPP), is detectable in the urine of over 90 % of Americans. Epidemiological studies show sex-specific associations between urinary BDCPP levels and metabolic syndrome, which is an established risk factor for type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and stroke. We used a mouse model to determine whether TDCPP exposure disrupts glucose homeostasis. Six-week old male and female C57BL/6J mice were given ad libitum access to diets containing vehicle (0.1 % DMSO) and TDCPP resulting in the following treatment groups: 0 mg/kg/day, 0.02 mg/kg/day, 1 mg/kg/day, or 100 mg/kg/day. After being on the experimental diet for five weeks without interruption, body composition was analyzed, glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed, and fasting glucose and insulin levels were quantified. TDCPP at 100 mg/kg/day caused male sex-specific adiposity, fasting hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance. TDCPP-induced modulation of nuclear receptor activation was investigated using an in vitro screen to identify potential mechanisms of metabolic disruption. TDCPP activated farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR), and inhibited the androgen receptor (AR). PXR target genes, but not FXR target genes, were upregulated in livers from mice exposed to 100 mg TDCPP/kg/day. Interestingly, PXR target genes were differentially expressed in livers from both males and females. It remains to be determined whether TDCPP-induced metabolic disruption occurs via modulation of nuclear receptor activity. Taken together, these studies build upon the association of TDCPP exposure and metabolic syndrome in humans by identifying sex-specific effects of TDCPP on glucose homeostasis in mice.
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Tian Z, Li J, Song L, Xie L, Li D, Xia T, Wang A. PBDE-47 induces impairment of mitochondrial biogenesis and subsequent neurotoxicity through miR-128-3p/PGC-1α axis. Toxicol Sci 2023; 191:123-134. [PMID: 36269211 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential adverse effects of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE-47) on neurons are extensively studied, and mitochondria are identified as critical targets. This study aimed to investigate whether PBDE-47 impairs mitochondrial biogenesis via the miR-128-3p/PGC-1α axis to trigger mitochondrial dysfunction-related neuronal damage. In vitro neuroendocrine pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells and in vivo Sprague Dawley rat model were adopted. In this study, biochemical methods were used to examine mitochondrial ATP content, cell viability, and expressions of key mitochondrial biogenesis regulators, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1), and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM). Mimics and inhibitors of miR-128-3p were employed to explore its role in PBDE-47-induced neurotoxicity. Both in vivo and in vitro evidences suggested that PBDE-47 suppressed PGC-1α/NRF1/TFAM signaling pathways and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encoding proteins synthesis. PBDE-47 also suppressed the relative mtDNA content, mRNA levels of mtDNA-encoded subunits, and mitochondrial ATP levels in vitro. Specifically, 2-(4-tert-butylphenyl) benzimidazole (ZLN005) alleviated PBDE-47-induced neuronal death through the improvement of mitochondrial function by activating PGC-1α/NRF1/TFAM signaling pathways. Mechanistically, PBDE-47 dramatically upregulated miR-128-3p expression. Furthermore, miR-128-3p inhibition enhanced PGC-1α/NRF1/TFAM signaling and abolished PBDE-47-induced impairment of mitochondrial biogenesis. In summary, this study provides in vitro evidence to reveal the role of mitochondrial biogenesis in PBDE-47-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and related neurotoxicity and suggests that miR-128-3p/PGC-1α axis may be a therapeutic target for PBDE-47 neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Tian
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Song
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xie
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongjie Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiguo Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
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Su Q, Wang H, Wang Y, Liang S, Pang S, Zhao X, Sun X, Shi X, Zhao J. Flame-Retardant Foamed Material Based on Modified Corn Straw Using Two Nitrogenous Layers. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:952. [PMID: 36769957 PMCID: PMC9918293 DOI: 10.3390/ma16030952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Foamed materials based on a biopolymer of crop straws are environmentally friendly, but ignitability limits their application. In this study, two nitrogenous layers were introduced onto corn straw by esterification and grafting for flame-retardant purposes. The inner thin nitrogenous layer consisted of imidazole rings, and the outer thick nitrogenous layer consisted of grafted acrylamide by a free-radical polymerization. The outer nitrogenous layer was simultaneously introduced into the system with a foaming process at 150 °C. Azodiisobutyronitrile acted both as initiator of the polymerization and the main foaming agent, and deionized water acted both as a plasticizing agent and an auxiliary foaming agent, which simplified the process and formula. It was found that cavities of two different sizes were formed. The nonuniformity of the foamed material was ascribed to the heterogeneous foaming precursor consisting of a rigid core and a soft shell. Its excellent flame-retard rating of UL-94 V-0 was ascribed to the two nitrogenous layers, which provides a sufficient nitrogen source for non-combustible gases. A relatively high compression strength of 17.7 MPa was partly due to the fiber of corn straw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Su
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass-Functional Composite Materials of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Utility of Environmental Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in Universities of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Hongling Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass-Functional Composite Materials of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Utility of Environmental Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in Universities of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Yanbin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass-Functional Composite Materials of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Utility of Environmental Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in Universities of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass-Functional Composite Materials of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Utility of Environmental Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in Universities of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Shaofeng Pang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass-Functional Composite Materials of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Utility of Environmental Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in Universities of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Xiangfei Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass-Functional Composite Materials of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Utility of Environmental Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in Universities of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Xiyang Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass-Functional Composite Materials of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Utility of Environmental Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in Universities of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Xiaoqin Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass-Functional Composite Materials of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Utility of Environmental Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in Universities of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass-Functional Composite Materials of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Utility of Environmental Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in Universities of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
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High cytotoxicity of a degraded TBBPA, dibromobisphenol A, through apoptotic and necrosis pathways. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13003. [PMID: 36704289 PMCID: PMC9871217 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Halogenated flame retardants comprising bisphenol A (BPA) derivatives, such as tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), have been studied their adverse effects on human health. However, despite the fact that these halogenated BPAs are easily degraded in the environment, the risks to living organisms due to these degraded products have mostly been overlooked. To evaluate the potential toxicity of degraded TBBPAs and related compounds, we examined the cytotoxicity of halogenated bisphenol A derivatives possessing one to four halogen atoms in vitro. The results indicated that the degraded TBBPA derivatives exhibited strong cytotoxicity against HeLa cells than TBBPA. Interestingly, the di-halogenated BPA derivatives possessing two halogen atoms exhibited the strongest cytotoxicity among tested compounds. In addition, a lactate dehydrogenase release assay, fluorescence spectroscopy and flow cytometry results indicated that dibromo-BPA and diiodo-BPA induced both apoptotic and necrotic cell death by damaging the cell membranes of HeLa cells. Moreover, Escherichia coli growth was inhibited in the presence of dehalogenated TBBPA and related compounds. These findings suggest that halogenated BPA derivatives that leak from various flame-retardant-containing products require strict monitoring, as not only TBBPA but also its degraded products in environment can exert adverse effects to human health.
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Viganò L, Guzzella L, Marziali L, Mascolo G, Bagnuolo G, Ciannarella R, Roscioli C. The last 50 years of organic contamination of a highly anthropized tributary of the Po River (Italy). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 326:116665. [PMID: 36423407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We examined the temporal profiles of many organic micropollutants analysed in a sediment core sampled from a highly anthropized tributary of the Po River, the Lambro River. Analysed for extractable organic halogens (EOX), total petroleum hydrocarbons (C10-C40TPH), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), common legacy pollutants (DDTs, PCBs), halogenated flame retardants (PBDEs, DBDPE, TBBPA-bis, TCBPA, TBBPA, HBCDs), organotins (TBT, TPhT), antimicrobials (TCS, TCC), fragrances (AHTN, HHCB) and phthalates (DMP, DEP, DnBP, BBP, DEHP, DnOP), the dated sediment core revealed the historical record of 50 years of chemical contamination discharged into the Lambro and thereby the Po River. In this regard, the peak levels of PCBs and DDTs found in Lambro sediments were also identified in other sediment cores collected from the Po River prodelta in the Adriatic Sea, thus hundreds of kilometres downstream (Combi et al., 2020). The highest risk to aquatic organisms was associated with decades of high levels of C10-C40 TPH, PBDEs, PCBs, PAHs, DDTs, EOX, TCC, AHTN and DEHP, which in different periods of the contamination history, showed exceedances of guideline/threshold values. C10-C40 TPH and TCC, for example, were very high in the 1960s, whereas PCBs, DDTs, and PBDEs, peaked from the 1980s onward. The corresponding sums of PEC quotients ranged between 0.48 and 28.63, with a mean value (±SD) for the entire recording period of 10.62 ± 9.83. Environmental legislations and improved wastewater treatments were the main drivers of the recent downward trends observed for most of the chemicals investigated. Floods in turn resulted in macroscopic yet temporary improvements in the chemical quality of the tributary, conveying contaminated sediments into the Po River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Viganò
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, (IRSA - CNR), Via del Mulino 19, 20861, Brugherio, MB, Italy.
| | - Licia Guzzella
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, (IRSA - CNR), Via del Mulino 19, 20861, Brugherio, MB, Italy
| | - Laura Marziali
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, (IRSA - CNR), Via del Mulino 19, 20861, Brugherio, MB, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mascolo
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, (IRSA - CNR), Via De Blasio 5, 70132, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bagnuolo
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, (IRSA - CNR), Via De Blasio 5, 70132, Bari, Italy
| | - Ruggero Ciannarella
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, (IRSA - CNR), Via De Blasio 5, 70132, Bari, Italy
| | - Claudio Roscioli
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, (IRSA - CNR), Via del Mulino 19, 20861, Brugherio, MB, Italy
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Vandenberg LN, Rayasam SDG, Axelrad DA, Bennett DH, Brown P, Carignan CC, Chartres N, Diamond ML, Joglekar R, Shamasunder B, Shrader-Frechette K, Subra WA, Zarker K, Woodruff TJ. Addressing systemic problems with exposure assessments to protect the public's health. Environ Health 2023; 21:121. [PMID: 36635700 PMCID: PMC9835264 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00917-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding, characterizing, and quantifying human exposures to environmental chemicals is critical to protect public health. Exposure assessments are key to determining risks to the general population and for specific subpopulations given that exposures differ between groups. Exposure data are also important for understanding where interventions, including public policies, should be targeted and the extent to which interventions have been successful. In this review, we aim to show how inadequacies in exposure assessments conducted by polluting industries or regulatory agencies have led to downplaying or disregarding exposure concerns raised by communities; that underestimates of exposure can lead regulatory agencies to conclude that unacceptable risks are, instead, acceptable, allowing pollutants to go unregulated; and that researchers, risk assessors, and policy makers need to better understand the issues that have affected exposure assessments and how appropriate use of exposure data can contribute to health-protective decisions. METHODS We describe current approaches used by regulatory agencies to estimate human exposures to environmental chemicals, including approaches to address limitations in exposure data. We then illustrate how some exposure assessments have been used to reach flawed conclusions about environmental chemicals and make recommendations for improvements. RESULTS Exposure data are important for communities, public health advocates, scientists, policy makers, and other groups to understand the extent of environmental exposures in diverse populations. We identify four areas where exposure assessments need to be improved due to systemic sources of error or uncertainty in exposure assessments and illustrate these areas with examples. These include: (1) an inability of regulatory agencies to keep pace with the increasing number of chemicals registered for use or assess their exposures, as well as complications added by use of 'confidential business information' which reduce available exposure data; (2) the failure to keep assessments up-to-date; (3) how inadequate assumptions about human behaviors and co-exposures contribute to underestimates of exposure; and (4) that insufficient models of toxicokinetics similarly affect exposure estimates. CONCLUSION We identified key issues that impact capacity to conduct scientifically robust exposure assessments. These issues must be addressed with scientific or policy approaches to improve estimates of exposure and protect public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Swati D G Rayasam
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Deborah H Bennett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Phil Brown
- Social Science Environmental Health Research Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Courtney C Carignan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Nicholas Chartres
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Miriam L Diamond
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- School of the Environment, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rashmi Joglekar
- Earthjustice, New York, NY, USA
- Earthjustice, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bhavna Shamasunder
- Department of Urban & Environmental Policy and Public Health, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kristin Shrader-Frechette
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
- Department of Philosophy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Wilma A Subra
- Louisiana Environmental Action Network, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Ken Zarker
- Washington State Department of Ecology, Olympia, WA, USA
| | - Tracey J Woodruff
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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High-Efficient Flame-Retardant Finishing of Cotton Fabrics Based on Phytic Acid. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021093. [PMID: 36674614 PMCID: PMC9865254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, an efficient phosphorus-containing flame retardant, PAPBTCA, was synthesized from phytic acid, pentaerythritol, and 1,2,3,4-butane tetracarboxylic acid, and its structure was characterized. PAPBTCA was finished on cotton fabrics by the pad-dry-curing process, and the flame retardancy, flame-retardant durability, and wrinkle resistance of the obtained flame-retardant fabrics were investigated. It should be noted that the heat release rate value of the flame-retardant cotton fabrics treated with 200 g/L PAPBTCA decreased by 90% and its excellent flame retardancy was maintained after 5 washing cycles. Meanwhile, the wrinkle resistance of flame-retardant cotton fabrics has been significantly improved. In addition, compared with the control, the breaking force loss of PAPBTCA-200 in the warp and weft directions was 24% and 21%, respectively. This study provides a new way to utilize natural phosphorus-based flame retardants to establish multifunctional finishing for cotton fabrics.
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Khan L, Kim JS, Huh SH, Koo BH. N-Containing Hybrid Composites Coatings for Enhanced Fire-Retardant Properties of Cotton Fabric Using One-Pot Sol-Gel Process. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020258. [PMID: 36679139 PMCID: PMC9862767 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this report, a unique methodology/process steps were followed using Sol-gel-based concept to deposit thin flame-retardant coatings on cotton fabric. Surface microstructure and compositional analysis of the coated cotton were carried out using scanning electronic microscope (SEM), which explored significant coverage of the fabric. The obtained samples were further analyzed through rupturing mechanism test and color check. Compositional investigation of the coated samples was carried through Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and energy-dispersive X-rays spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. Thermal analyses were carried out through Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Vertical flame tests (VFT), which suggested higher resistance of the coatings obtained for 5 h and zero heat-treatment time on the cotton fabric. A 28.86% char residue was obtained for the same sample (ET-5h-RT) coupled with higher degradation temperature and excellent combustion properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Khan
- Department of Materials Convergence and System Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seop Kim
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Hwan Huh
- Department of Mechatronics Convergence Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon Heun Koo
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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