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Mayanglambam S, Siva B, Katragadda SB, Labala RK, Singh KD, Rajashekar Y. Crofton weed derived isomers of ageraphorone as potent antifeedant against Plutella xylostella (L.). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 282:116729. [PMID: 39024945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Global agricultural production is significantly hampered by insect pests, and the demand for natural pragmatic pesticides with environmental concern remains unfulfilled. Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) also known as Crofton weed, is an invasive perennial herbaceous plant that is known to possess multiple bioactive compounds. In our study, two isomers of ageraphorone metabolites i.e, 10 Hα-9-oxo-ageraphorone (10HA) and 10 Hβ-9-oxo-ageraphorone (10HB), were identified from Crofton weed, exhibiting potent antifeedant and larvicidal activities against Plutella xylostella. For antifeedant activity, the median effective concentration (EC50) values for 10HA and 10HB in the choice method were 2279 mg/L and 3233 mg/L, respectively, and for the no choice method, EC50 values were 1721 mg/L and 2394 mg/L, respectively. For larvicidal activity, lethal concentration (LC50) values for 10HA and 10HB were 2421 mg/L and 4109 mg/L at 48 h and 2101 mg/L and 3550 mg/L at 72 h. Furthermore, both in- vivo and in-vitro studies revealed that the isomers 10HA and 10HB exhibited potent detoxifying enzymes inhibition activity such as carboxylesterase and glutathione S-transferases. Molecular docking and MD simulation analysis provide insight into the possible interaction between isomers of ageraphorone metabolites and Carboxylic Ester Hydrolase protein (Gene: pxCCE016b) of P. xylostella, which led to a finding that CarEH protein plays a significant role in the detoxification of the two compounds in P. xylostella. Finally, our findings show that the primary enzymes undergoing inhibition by isomers of ageraphorone metabolites, causing toxicity in insects, are Carboxylesterase and glutathione S-transferase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saini Mayanglambam
- Insect Bioresource Laboratory, Animal Bioresources Programme, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India, Takyelpat, Imphal, Manipur, India; School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Bandi Siva
- Centre for Natural Products& Traditional Knowledge, CSIR, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana 50000, India
| | - Suresh B Katragadda
- Centre for Natural Products& Traditional Knowledge, CSIR, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana 50000, India
| | - Rajendra K Labala
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Kabrambam D Singh
- Insect Bioresource Laboratory, Animal Bioresources Programme, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India, Takyelpat, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Yallappa Rajashekar
- Insect Bioresource Laboratory, Animal Bioresources Programme, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India, Takyelpat, Imphal, Manipur, India.
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Chang CC, Dai SM, Chen CY, Huang LH, Chen YH, Hsu JC. Insecticide resistance and characteristics of mutations related to target site insensitivity of diamondback moths in Taiwan. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 203:106001. [PMID: 39084797 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Diamondback moth (DBM, Plutella xylostella) is the most significant pest of cruciferous vegetables as they rapidly develop high-level resistance to many insecticides. Monitoring DBM susceptibility and target-site mutation frequency is essential for pest control. In this study, 10 insecticides were tested on 11 field populations. Frequencies of target-site mutations (including para, ace1, Rdl1, RyR1, and nAChRα6 genes) were estimated by pyrosequencing. Insecticides registered after 2007 for DBM control in Taiwan, i.e., spinetoram, chlorantraniliprole, chlorfenapyr, metaflumizone, and flubendiamide, showed >80% mortality toward several populations; Bacillus thurigiensis, emamectin benzoate, and chlorfluazuron showed medium to low efficacy in all populations; and tolfenpyrad and mevinphos were highly ineffective. Susceptibility to insecticides varied substantially among populations: eight out of nine populations were highly susceptible to spinetoram, but only one was susceptible to flubendiamide. Target-site mutations related to organophosphates, pyrethroids, fipronil, and diamides were detected in all populations, but there were few spinosad and spinetoram mutations. Our three-year field study demonstrated rapid efficacy loss for all insecticides tested, particularly for more toxic insecticides. Skipped-generation selection of a field DBM strain to emamectin benzoate, metaflumizone, chlorantraniliprole, and flubendiamide revealed that mortality rates dropped from 60 to 80% to <10% after 6 generations. Next-generation sequencing was performed to identify possible target gene mutations. A resistance management program that considers the instability of resistance to some chemicals and pertinent data on resistance mechanisms should be established. Identifying compounds to overcome high-frequency field DBM point mutations could be beneficial for pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Che Chang
- Master (M.S.) Program for Plant Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Mei Dai
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Chen
- Department of Biomechatronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsin Huang
- Pesticide Application Division, Agricultural Chemicals Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Taichung City 41358, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsien Chen
- Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Chun Hsu
- Master (M.S.) Program for Plant Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan; Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei City 10617, Taiwan.
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3
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Scott JG, Dressel AE, Mertz RW, Hesler S, Loeb G. Monitoring of the nAChRsα6 G275A spinetoram resistance allele in Drosophila melanogaster populations from New York vineyards. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38989631 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinosyns are a group of naturally occurring and semi-synthetic insecticides with widespread utility in agriculture, including organic production systems. One example is spinetoram (Delegate), which is the only registered insecticide in New York State (for control of Drosophila melanogaster in vineyards) to which vinegar flies have not yet evolved high levels of resistance. However, low levels of resistance have been found in vineyard populations of D. melanogaster, and a highly resistant strain was obtained after only five selections (in the laboratory). We identified the nAChR α6 mutation (G275A) responsible for the resistance and developed a rapid, high-throughput assay for resistance. RESULTS Surveys of collections made in 2023 show low levels of the resistance allele in four populations. A correlation was observed between vineyard use of spinetoram and frequency of the resistance allele, but not between county-wide use of spinosyns and frequency of the resistance allele. CONCLUSIONS One of the sites we monitored was previously surveyed in 2019 and the frequency of the resistance allele detected in 2023 had increased. Implications of these findings to resistance management of D. melanogaster are discussed. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey G Scott
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Robert W Mertz
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Stephen Hesler
- Department of Entomology, Cornell AgriTech, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, USA
| | - Greg Loeb
- Department of Entomology, Cornell AgriTech, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, USA
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Smith RJ, Chen Y, Lafleur CI, Kaur D, Bede JC. Effect of sublethal concentrations of the bioinsecticide spinosyn treatment of Trichoplusia ni eggs on the caterpillar and its parasitoid, Trichogramma brassicae. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:2965-2975. [PMID: 38298017 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrated Pest Management (IPM) seeks to combine multiple management strategies for optimal pest control. One method that is successfully employed in IPM is the use of beneficial organisms. However, in severe circumstances when pest insects exceed threshold limits, insecticides may still need to be implemented. Thus, understanding the effects of insecticides on biocontrol agents, such as parasitoid wasps, is paramount to ensure sustainable agroecosystems. Sublethal effects of the bioinsecticide spinosyn, a mixture of the bacterial Saccharopolyspora spinosa (Mertz and Yao) fermentation products spinosyn A and D, on eggs of Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), a cruciferous crop pest, and its egg parasitoid Trichogramma brassicae (Bezdenko) was investigated. RESULTS The LC50 for spinosyn A and D (dissolved in ethanol) on T. ni eggs is 54 ng mL-1. Transcriptomics on caterpillars (1st and 3rd instars) that hatched from eggs treated with sublethal concentrations of spinosyn identified the upregulation of several genes encoding proteins that may be involved in insecticide resistance including detoxification enzymes, such as cytochrome P450s, glutathione S-transferases and esterases. Sublethal T. ni egg treatments did not affect parasitoid emergence, however, there was a marked increase in the size of T. brassicae hind tibia and wings that emerged from spinosyn-treated eggs. CONCLUSIONS For the caterpillar, treatment of eggs with sublethal concentrations of spinosyn may induce insecticide resistance mechanisms. For the parasitoids, their increased size when reared in spinosyn-treated eggs suggests that the emerged wasps may have higher performance. © 2024 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Smith
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada
| | - Yinting Chen
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada
| | | | - Diljot Kaur
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada
| | - Jacqueline C Bede
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada
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Kaplanoglu E, Scott IM, Vickruck J, Donly C. Role of CYP9E2 and a long non-coding RNA gene in resistance to a spinosad insecticide in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304037. [PMID: 38787856 PMCID: PMC11125468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinosads are insecticides used to control insect pests, especially in organic farming where limited tools for pest management exist. However, resistance has developed to spinosads in economically important pests, including Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata. In this study, we used bioassays to determine spinosad sensitivity of two field populations of CPB, one from an organic farm exposed exclusively to spinosad and one from a conventional farm exposed to a variety of insecticides, and a reference insecticide naïve population. We found the field populations exhibited significant levels of resistance compared with the sensitive population. Then, we compared transcriptome profiles between the two field populations to identify genes associated primarily with spinosad resistance and found a cytochrome P450, CYP9E2, and a long non-coding RNA gene, lncRNA-2, were upregulated in the exclusively spinosad-exposed population. Knock-down of these two genes simultaneously in beetles of the spinosad-exposed population using RNA interference (RNAi) resulted in a significant increase in mortality when gene knock-down was followed by spinosad exposure, whereas single knock-downs of each gene produced smaller effects. In addition, knock-down of the lncRNA-2 gene individually resulted in significant reduction in CYP9E2 transcripts. Finally, in silico analysis using an RNA-RNA interaction tool revealed that CYP9E2 mRNA contains multiple binding sites for the lncRNA-2 transcript. Our results imply that CYP9E2 and lncRNA-2 jointly contribute to spinosad resistance in CPB, and lncRNA-2 is involved in regulation of CYP9E2 expression. These results provide evidence that metabolic resistance, driven by overexpression of CYP and lncRNA genes, contributes to spinosad resistance in CPB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Kaplanoglu
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ian M. Scott
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica Vickruck
- Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Cam Donly
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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Wang J, Wan Y, Zhang Y, Yuan J, Zheng X, Cao H, Qian K, Feng J, Tang Y, Chen S, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Liang P, Wu Q. Uridine diphosphate glucosyltransferases are involved in spinosad resistance in western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 466:133575. [PMID: 38280319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Uridine diphosphate glucosyltransferases (UGTs) play crucial roles in the insect detoxification system and are associated with pesticide resistance. Our previous transcriptomic analysis of spinosad-susceptible (Ivf03) and resistant (NIL-R) Frankliniella occidentalis revealed numerous upregulated UGT genes in the NIL-R strain, suggesting their potential contribution to spinosad resistance. To investigate this hypothesis, here we conducted UGT activity assays and spinosad induction experiments, employing RNA interference (RNAi) techniques for gene function validation. We found significantly elevated UGT activity in the NIL-R strain compared to Ivf03, with 5-nitrouracil showing a substantial synergistic effect on the resistant strain. Eighteen UGT genes were identified in F. occidentalis, with gene expansion and duplication observed within families UGT466, 467, and 468. Ten out of the eighteen UGTs exhibited higher expression levels in NIL-R, specifically FoUGT466B1, FoUGT468A3, and FoUGT468A4 consistently being upregulated across nymphs, males, and females. RNAi-based functional validation targeting these three UGT genes led to increased susceptibility to spinosad in a life stage-, sex-, and dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that UGTs are indeed involved in spinosad resistance in F. occidentalis, and the effects are dependent on life stage, sex, and dose. Therefore, sustainable control for F. occidentalis resistance should always consider these differential responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanran Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiangjiang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaobin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hongyi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kanghua Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiuming Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yingxi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Sirui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xuguo Zhou
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexingto, KY 40546-0091, USA
| | - Pei Liang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qingjun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Zeng B, Hunt BJ, Pym A, Balanza V, Bass C, Bielza P, Troczka BJ. Aberrant splicing of a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 6 subunit is associated with spinosad tolerance in the thrips predator Orius laevigatus. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 200:105837. [PMID: 38582599 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Susceptibility to insecticides is one of the limiting factors preventing wider adoption of natural enemies to control insect pest populations. Identification and selective breeding of insecticide tolerant strains of commercially used biological control agents (BCAs) is one of the approaches to overcome this constraint. Although a number of beneficial insects have been selected for increased tolerance to insecticides the molecular mechanisms underpinning these shifts in tolerance are not well characterised. Here we investigated the molecular mechanisms of enhanced tolerance of a lab selected strain of Orius laevigatus (Fieber) to the commonly used biopesticide spinosad. Transcriptomic analysis showed that spinosad tolerance is not a result of overexpressed detoxification genes. Molecular analysis of the target site for spinosyns, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), revealed increased expression of truncated transcripts of the nAChR α6 subunit in the spinosad selected strain, a mechanism of resistance which was described previously in insect pest species. Collectively, our results demonstrate the mechanisms by which some beneficial biological control agents can evolve insecticide tolerance and will inform the development and deployment of insecticide-tolerant natural enemies in integrated pest management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zeng
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin J Hunt
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Pym
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom
| | - Virginia Balanza
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Chris Bass
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo Bielza
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Bartlomiej J Troczka
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom.
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Guillem-Amat A, López-Errasquín E, García-Ricote I, Barbero JL, Sánchez L, Casas-Tintó S, Ortego F. Immunodetection of Truncated Forms of the α6 Subunit of the nAChR in the Brain of Spinosad Resistant Ceratitis capitata Phenotypes. INSECTS 2023; 14:857. [PMID: 37999056 PMCID: PMC10672392 DOI: 10.3390/insects14110857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The α6 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) has been proposed as the target for spinosad in insects. Point mutations that result in premature stop codons in the α6 gene of Ceratitis capitata flies have been previously associated with spinosad resistance, but it is unknown if these transcripts are translated and if so, what is the location of the putative truncated proteins. In this work, we produced a specific antibody against C. capitata α6 (Ccα6) and validated it by ELISA, Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays in brain tissues. The antibody detects both wild-type and truncated forms of Ccα6 in vivo, and the protein is located in the cell membrane of the brain of wild-type spinosad sensitive flies. On the contrary, the shortened transcripts present in resistant flies generate putative truncated proteins that, for the most part, fail to reach their final destination in the membrane of the cells and remain in the cytoplasm. The differences observed in the locations of wild-type and truncated α6 proteins are proposed to determine the susceptibility or resistance to spinosad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Guillem-Amat
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margaritas Salas, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain (F.O.)
| | - Elena López-Errasquín
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margaritas Salas, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain (F.O.)
| | | | - José Luis Barbero
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margaritas Salas, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain (F.O.)
| | - Lucas Sánchez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margaritas Salas, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain (F.O.)
| | | | - Félix Ortego
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margaritas Salas, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain (F.O.)
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9
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Wang Z, Zhang R, Pei Y, Wu W, Hu Z, Zuo Y. The knockout of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit gene α1 (nAChR α1) through CRISPR/Cas9 technology exposes its involvement in the resistance of Spodoptera exigua to insecticides. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 196:105616. [PMID: 37945231 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are the directed targets of many insecticides. However, there have been no reports on the molecular characterization of the nAChR gene family or the causal association between nAChR α1 and resistance to insecticides in S. exigua, which is a significant agricultural pest. In this study, we identified a total of 9 candidate nAChR subunits in S. exigua, namely nAChR α1-α7 and nAChR β1-β2. For functional validation roles of Seα1 in insecticide resistance of S. exigua, we introduced a ∼ 1041-bp deletion of the Seα1 gene in a homozygous mutant strain (Seα1-KO) by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system, resulting in a premature truncation of the Seα1 protein and the subsequent loss of functional transmembrane (TM) 3 and TM4 elements. Compared with WH-S strain (wild-type strain), the Seα1-KO strain exhibited 2.62-folds resistant to trifluoropyrimidine, 8.3-folds resistant to dimehypo, and 5.28-folds resistant to dinotefuran, but no significant change in susceptibility to emamectin benzoate, spinetoram, lambda-cyhalothrin, permethrin and chlorpyrifos. Thus, this study has laid a solid foundation for investigating the role of nAChRs in S. exigua, and provides evidence for the crucial involvement of the α1 subunit in the mechanism of trifluoropyrimidine, dimehypo, and dinotefuran in S. exigua. Moreover, it provides a reference for the value of Seα1 subunit and its homologues in other species as insecticide targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R&D of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Ruiming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R&D of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yakun Pei
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R&D of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Wenjun Wu
- Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R&D of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Zhaonong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R&D of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Yayun Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R&D of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China.
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10
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Jin M, Peng Y, Peng J, Zhang H, Shan Y, Liu K, Xiao Y. Transcriptional regulation and overexpression of GST cluster enhances pesticide resistance in the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Commun Biol 2023; 6:1064. [PMID: 37857697 PMCID: PMC10587110 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05447-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid evolution of resistance in agricultural pest poses a serious threat to global food security. However, the mechanisms of resistance through metabolic regulation are largely unknown. Here, we found that a GST gene cluster was strongly selected in North China (NTC) population, and it was significantly genetically-linked to lambda-cyhalothrin resistance. Knockout of the GST cluster using CRISPR/Cas9 significantly increased the sensitivity of the knockout strain to lambda-cyhalothrin. Haplotype analysis revealed no non-synonymous mutations or structural variations in the GST cluster, whereas GST_119 and GST_121 were significantly overexpressed in the NTC population. Silencing of GST_119 or co-silencing of GST_119 and GST_121 with RNAi significantly increased larval sensitivity to lambda-cyhalothrin. We also identified additional GATAe transcription factor binding sites in the promoter of NTC_GST_119. Transient expression of GATAe in Hi5 cells activated NTC_GST_119 and Xinjiang (XJ)_GST_119 transcription, but the transcriptional activity of NTC_GST_119 was significantly higher than that of XJ_GST_119. These results demonstrate that variations in the regulatory region result in complex expression changes in the GST cluster, which enhances lambda-cyhalothrin resistance in field-populations. This study deepens our knowledge of the evolutionary mechanism of pest adaptation under environmental stress and provides potential targets for monitoring pest resistance and integrated management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Jin
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Technologies (Hainan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Technologies (Hainan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Peng
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Technologies (Hainan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Institute of Entomology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yinxue Shan
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Technologies (Hainan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kaiyu Liu
- Institute of Entomology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yutao Xiao
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Technologies (Hainan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
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11
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Martelli F, Ravenscroft TA, Hutchison W, Batterham P. Tissue-specific transcriptome analyses in Drosophila provide novel insights into the mode of action of the insecticide spinosad and the function of its target, nAChRα6. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:3913-3925. [PMID: 37248207 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The insecticides spinosad and imidacloprid are neurotoxins with distinct modes of action. Both target nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), albeit different subunits. Spinosad is an allosteric modulator, that upon binding initiates endocytosis of its target, nAChRα6. Imidacloprid binding triggers excessive neuronal ion influx. Despite these differences, low-dose effects converge downstream in the precipitation of oxidative stress and neurodegeneration. RESULTS Using RNA-sequencing, we compared the transcriptional signatures of spinosad and imidacloprid, at low-dose exposures. Both insecticides cause up-regulation of glutathione S-transferase and cytochrome P450 genes in the brain and down-regulation in the fat body, whereas reduced expression of immune-related genes is observed in both tissues. Spinosad shows unique impacts on genes involved in lysosomal function, protein folding, and reproduction. Co-expression analyses revealed little to no correlation between genes affected by spinosad and nAChRα6 expressing neurons, but a positive correlation with glial cell markers. We also detected and experimentally confirmed nAChRα6 expression in fat body cells and male germline cells. This led us to uncover lysosomal dysfunction in the fat body following spinosad exposure, and a fitness cost in spinosad-resistant (nAChRα6 null) males - oxidative stress in testes, and reduced fertility. CONCLUSION Spinosad and imidacloprid share transcriptional perturbations in immunity-, energy homeostasis-, and oxidative stress-related genes. Low doses of other neurotoxic insecticides should be investigated for similar impacts. While target-site spinosad resistance mutation has evolved in the field, this may have a fitness cost. Our findings demonstrate the power of tissue-specific transcriptomics approach and the use of single-cell transcriptome data. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Martelli
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - William Hutchison
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philip Batterham
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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12
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Scott JG, Norris RH, Mertz RW, Dressel AE, Loeb G. Selection and characterization of spinetoram resistance in field collected Drosophila melanogaster. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:105508. [PMID: 37532361 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Insecticides are commonly employed in vineyards to control vinegar flies and limit sour rot disease. Widespread resistance to available insecticides is having a negative impact on managing Drosophila melanogaster populations, rendering control of sour rot more difficult. An insecticide registered for use in vineyards to which resistance is not yet widespread (at least in New York and Missouri) is spinetoram. Spinetoram targets the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α6, and mutations in α6 have been associated with resistance in some insects. Our goals were to select for a spinetoram resistant strain of D. melanogaster (starting with field collected populations), characterize the resistance, and identify the mutation responsible. After five selections a strain (SpinR) with >190-fold resistance was obtained. Resistance could not be overcome by insecticide synergists, suggesting an altered target site was involved. We cloned and sequenced the α6 allele from the spinetoram resistant strain and identified a mutation causing a glycine to alanine change at amino acid 301 (equivalent position to the G275E mutation found in some spinosad/spinetoram resistant insects). This mutation was found at low levels in field populations, but increased with each selection until it became homozygous in SpinR. We discuss how the identification of the spinetoram resistance mutation can be used for resistance management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey G Scott
- Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853 USA.
| | - Rachel H Norris
- Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853 USA
| | - Robert W Mertz
- Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853 USA
| | - Anastacia E Dressel
- Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853 USA
| | - Greg Loeb
- Department of Entomology, Cornell AgriTech, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
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13
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Witwicka A, López‐Osorio F, Patterson V, Wurm Y. Expression of subunits of an insecticide target receptor varies across tissues, life stages, castes, and species of social bees. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:1034-1044. [PMID: 36478483 PMCID: PMC10947401 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Global losses of insects jeopardize ecosystem stability and crop pollination. Robust evidence indicates that insecticides have contributed to these losses. Notably, insecticides targeting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have neurotoxic effects on beneficial insects. Because each nAChR consists of five subunits, the alternative arrangements of subunits could create a multitude of receptors differing in structure and function. Therefore, understanding whether the use of subunits varies is essential for evaluating and predicting the effects of insecticides targeting such receptors. To better understand how the use and composition of nAChRs differ within and between insect pollinators, we analysed RNA-seq gene expression data from tissues and castes of Apis mellifera honey bees and life stages and castes of the Bombus terrestris bumble bees. We reveal that all analysed tissues express nAChRs and that relative expression levels of nAChR subunits vary widely across almost all comparisons. Our work thus shows fine-tuned spatial and temporal expression of nAChRs. Given that coexpression of subunits underpins the compositional diversity of functional receptors and that the affinities of insecticides depend on nAChR composition, our findings provide a likely mechanism for the various damaging effects of nAChR-targeting insecticides on insects. Furthermore, our results indicate that the appraisal of insecticide risks should carefully consider variation in molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yannick Wurm
- Biology DepartmentQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
- Digital Environment Research InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
- Alan Turing InstituteLondonUK
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14
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Shi T, Tang P, Wang X, Yang Y, Wu Y. CRISPR-mediated knockout of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) α6 subunit confers high levels of resistance to spinosyns in Spodoptera frugiperda. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 187:105191. [PMID: 36127065 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Spinosyn insecticides (spinosad and spinetoram) have been widely used to control a number of agricultural pests including the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. Mutations of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α6 subunit (nAChRα6) have been reported to confer high levels of resistance to spinosyns in several insect pests. Here we used CRISPR-mediated gene knockout to determine the involvement of S. frugiperda nAChRα6 (Sfα6) in spinosyns susceptibility. A Sfα6 knockout strain of S. frugiperda (Sfα6-KO) was established using dual single guide RNA (sgRNA) directed large fragment deletion with the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Sfα6-KO showed high levels of resistance to spinosad (307-fold) and spinetoram (517-fold) compared with the progenitor strain YJ-19, while no resistance was observed to emamectin benzoate, indoxacarb, chlorfenapyr, chlorantraniliprole and broflanilide. Genetic analyses confirmed that spinosad resistance in Sfα6-KO was autosomal, incompletely recessive and tightly linked to the edited deletion mutation of Sfα6. Our results provided in vivo functional evidence for Sfα6 as the major target of spinosyns against S. frugiperda, and demonstrated that disruption of Sfα6 causes high level resistance to spinosyns. Although no mutations of Sfα6 have yet been reported in any field populations of S. frugiperda, it is critical to develop F1 screens and/or DNA-based methods to detect and monitor the mutant allele frequencies of Sfα6 across global populations of S. frugiperda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tailong Shi
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Ping Tang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Xingliang Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yihua Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yidong Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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15
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Fu B, Tao M, Xue H, Jin H, Liu K, Qiu H, Yang S, Yang X, Gui L, Zhang Y, Gao Y. Spinetoram resistance drives interspecific competition between Megalurothrips usitatus and Frankliniella intonsa. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:2129-2140. [PMID: 35170208 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Species displacement by the outcome of interspecific competition is of particular importance to pest management. Over the past decade, spinetoram has been extensively applied in control of the two closely related thrips Megalurothrips usitatus and Frankliniella intonsa worldwide, while whether its resistance is implicated in mediating interspecific interplay of the two thrips remains elusive to date. RESULTS Field population dynamics (from 2017 to 2019) demonstrated a trend toward displacement of F. intonsa by M. usitatus on cowpea crops, supporting an existing interspecific competition. Following exposure to spinetoram, M. usitatus became the predominate species, which suggests the use of spinetoram appears to be responsible for mediating interspecific interactions of the two thrips. Further annual and seasonal analysis (from 2016 to 2020) of field-evolved resistance dynamics revealed that M. usitatus developed remarkably higher resistance to spinetoram compared to that of F. intonsa, implying a close relationship between evolution of spinetoram resistance and their competitive interactions. After 12 generations of laboratory selection, resistance to spinetoram in M. usitatus and F. intonsa increased up to 64.50-fold and 28.33-fold, and the average realized heritability (h2 ) of resistance was calculated as 0.2550 and 0.1602, respectively. Interestingly, two-sex life table analysis showed that the spinetoram-resistant strain of F. intonsa exhibited existing fitness costs, but not the M. usitatus. These indicate that a rapid development of spinetoram resistance and the lack of associated fitness costs may be the mechanism underlying recent dominance of M. usitatus over F. intonsa. CONCLUSION Collectively, our results uncover the involvement of insecticide resistance in conferring displacement mechanism behind interspecific competition, providing a framework for understanding the significance of the evolutionary relationships among insects under ongoing changing environments. These findings also can be invaluable in proposing the most appropriate strategies for sustainable thrips control programs. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buli Fu
- Hubei Engineering Technology for Pest Forewarning and Management, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Tropical Crops, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Tao
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hu Xue
- Hubei Engineering Technology for Pest Forewarning and Management, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Kui Liu
- The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Tropical Crops, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Haiyan Qiu
- The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Tropical Crops, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | | | - Xin Yang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lianyou Gui
- Hubei Engineering Technology for Pest Forewarning and Management, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Hubei Engineering Technology for Pest Forewarning and Management, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yulin Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pest, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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16
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Yamanaka T, Kitabayashi S, Jouraku A, Kanamori H, Kuwazaki S, Sudo M. A feasibility trial of genomics-based diagnosis detecting insecticide resistance of the diamondback moth. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:1573-1581. [PMID: 34981630 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insecticide resistance management has been key for crop protection for over 70 years and is increasingly important because the development of new active ingredients has decreased in recent years. By monitoring the development of resistance in a timely manner, we can effectively prolong insecticide efficacy. Genomic-based diagnosis can reliably predict resistance development if information on resistant mutations against major pesticides is available. Here, we developed a feasibility trial of genomics-based diagnosis of insecticide resistance in diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) populations in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. Amplicon sequencing analyses using a next-generation sequencer (Illumina MiSeq) for major insecticides, including diamides, pyrethroids, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin (Cry1Ac), organophosphates, and spinosyns, were conducted. RESULTS Mutations related to the resistance of pyrethroids, organophosphates, and diamides (flubendiamide and chlorantraniliprole) prevailed, while those of a diamide (cyantraniliprole), Bt (Cry1Ac), and spinosyns were scanty, suggesting that they are still effective. The results of the genomics-based diagnosis were generally concordant with the results of bioassays. Resistance development tendencies were generally uniform across Nagano. CONCLUSION An insecticide-resistance management campaign can be conducted in Nagano Prefecture with a quick genomic-based diagnosis in early spring while bioassay is the only option for monitoring resistances whose mutations are unavailable. Our study is the first step in the future management of insecticide resistance in all significant pests. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Yamanaka
- Research Center for Agricultural Information Technology, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Akiya Jouraku
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Seigo Kuwazaki
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masaaki Sudo
- Institute for Plant Protection, NARO, Shimada, Japan
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17
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Zuo YY, Xue YX, Wang ZY, Ren X, Aioub AAA, Wu YD, Yang YH, Hu ZN. Knockin of the G275E mutation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) α6 confers high levels of resistance to spinosyns in Spodoptera exigua. INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 29:478-486. [PMID: 33998150 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Spinosyns, including spinosad and spinetoram, act on the insect central nervous system, gradually paralyzing or destroying the target insect. Spinosad resistance is associated with loss-of-function mutations in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) α6 subunit in a number of agricultural pests. Using gene editing, nAChR α6 has been verified as a target for spinosyns in five insect species. Recently, a point mutation (G275E) in exon 9 of nAChR α6 was identified in spinosad-resistant strains of Thrips palmi and Tuta absoluta. To date, no in vivo functional evidence has been obtained to support that this mutation is involved in spinosyn resistance in lepidopteran pests. In this study, the G275E mutation was introduced into the nAChR of Spodoptera exigua using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) / CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) gene-editing technology. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and sequencing confirmed that this mutation was present in exon 9 of the nAChR transcripts in the edited 275E strain. The results of bioassays showed that the 275E strain was highly resistant to spinosad (230-fold) and spinetoram (792-fold) compared to the unedited background strain, directly confirming that the G275E mutation of the nAChR α6 subunit confers high levels of spinosyn resistance in S. exigua. Inheritance analysis showed that the resistance trait is autosomal and incompletely recessive. This study employs a reverse genetics approach to validate the functional role played by the G275E mutation in nAChR α6 of S. exigua in spinosyns resistance and provides another example of the use of CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology to confirm the role played by candidate target site mutations in insecticide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Yun Zuo
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yu-Xin Xue
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R & D of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ze-Yu Wang
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R & D of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xuan Ren
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R & D of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ahmed A A Aioub
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Yi-Dong Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yi-Hua Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhao-Nong Hu
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R & D of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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18
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Lu W, Liu Z, Fan X, Zhang X, Qiao X, Huang J. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator insecticides act on diverse receptor subtypes with distinct subunit compositions. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1009920. [PMID: 35045067 PMCID: PMC8803171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are pentameric ligand-gated ion channels mainly expressed in the central nervous system of insects. They are the directed targets of many insecticides, including neonicotinoids, which are the most widely used insecticides in the world. However, the development of resistance in pests and the negative impacts on bee pollinators affect the application of insecticides and have created a demand for alternatives. Thus, it is very important to understand the mode of action of these insecticides, which is not fully understood at the molecular level. In this study, we systematically examined the susceptibility of ten Drosophila melanogaster nAChR subunit mutants to eleven insecticides acting on nAChRs. Our results showed that there are several subtypes of nAChRs with distinct subunit compositions that are responsible for the toxicity of different insecticides. At least three of them are the major molecular targets of seven structurally similar neonicotinoids in vivo. Moreover, spinosyns may act exclusively on the α6 homomeric pentamers but not any other nAChRs. Behavioral assays using thermogenetic tools further confirmed the bioassay results and supported the idea that receptor activation rather than inhibition leads to the insecticidal effects of neonicotinoids. The present findings reveal native nAChR subunit interactions with various insecticides and have important implications for the management of resistance and the development of novel insecticides targeting these important ion channels. Neonicotinoids and spinosyns account for approximately 24% and 3% of the world market value of insecticides, respectively. However, the negative effects of neonicotinoids on pollinators have led to the development of novel insecticides, such as sulfoxaflor, flupyradifurone and triflumezopyrim. Although all act via insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, their modes of action are not fully understood. Our work shows that these insecticides act on diverse receptor subtypes with distinct subunit compositions. This finding could lead to the development of more selective insecticides to control pests with minimal effects on beneficial insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjun Lu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihan Liu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Fan
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinzhong Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomu Qiao
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Huang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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19
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Heckel DG. Perspectives on gene copy number variation and pesticide resistance. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:12-18. [PMID: 34480789 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although the generation of evolutionary diversity by gene duplication has long been known, the implications for pesticide resistance are just now beginning to be appreciated. A few examples will be cited to illustrate the point that there are many variations on the theme that gene duplication does not follow a set pattern. Transposable elements may facilitate the process but the mechanistic details are obscure and unpredictable. New developments in DNA sequencing technology and genome assembly promise to reveal more examples, yet care must be taken in interpreting the results of transcriptome and genome assemblies and independent means of validation are important. Once a specific gene family is identified, special methods generally must be used to avoid underestimating population polymorphisms and being trapped in preconceptions about the simplicity of the process. © 2021 The Author. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Heckel
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
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20
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İnak E, Özdemir E, Atış AE, Randa Zelyüt F, İnak A, Demir Ü, Roditakis E, Vontas J. Population structure and insecticide resistance status of Tuta absoluta populations from Turkey. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:4741-4748. [PMID: 34151488 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuta absoluta is a devastating pest in tomato production areas worldwide. After its first introduction to Turkey in 2009, it quickly became the major pest of tomato-growing areas. Although some biocontrol agents have been used, especially in greenhouses, the main control of T. absoluta relies heavily on chemical insecticides. However, failure in chemical control has often been reported due to resistance development. In this study, we investigated (i) the population structure of 22 T. absoluta populations across Turkey by analysing haplotypes, based on the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene; (ii) the efficacy of three registered insecticides from different classes (metaflumizone, chlorantraniliprole and spinosad) in real field-greenhouse conditions; and (iii) the geographic distribution of target-site mutations associated with insecticide resistance. RESULTS The efficacy of spinosad was higher than that of chlorantraniliprole and metaflumizone in the greenhouse trials, as documented by the mortality rates obtained, up to 14 days post application. Known resistance mutations in ryanodine receptors (RyR) (i.e. the I4790M/K and G4946E), nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (G275E), acetylcholinesterases (A201S) and voltage-gated sodium channels (F1845Y and V1848I) were found at various frequencies across the populations genotyped. The I4790K diamide resistance mutation in the RyR has been reported for the first time in T. absoluta populations. Although a total of eight haplotypes were found, the overall mean genetic distance was lower than 0.001, indicating the high genetic homogeneity among Turkish T. absoluta populations. CONCLUSION The results will contribute to design area-wide resistance management programs in T. absoluta control in Turkey. However, more monitoring studies are needed to implement evidence-based insecticide resistance management strategies in the frame of integrated pest management. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre İnak
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esengül Özdemir
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Şırnak University, İdil, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Emre Atış
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Directorate of Plant Protection Central Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Filiz Randa Zelyüt
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Plant Protection, Agriculture and Natural Science Faculty, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Arda İnak
- BASF, Department of Agricultural Products, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ünver Demir
- Department of Plant and Animal Production, Antalya Akev University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Emmanouil Roditakis
- Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University Research Centre, Heraklion, Greece
| | - John Vontas
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
- Pesticide Science Laboratory, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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21
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Yao S, Yang Y, Xue Y, Zhao W, Liu X, Du M, Yin X, Guan R, Wei J, An S. New insights on the effects of spinosad on the development of Helicoverpa armigera. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 221:112452. [PMID: 34198186 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm) is one of the most destructive pests worldwide. Due to resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis and conventional insecticides, an effective management strategy to control this pest is urgently needed. Spinosad, a natural pesticide, is considered an alternative; however, the mechanism underlying the developmental effects of sublethal spinosad exposure remains elusive. In this study, the mechanism was examined using an insect model of H. armigera. Results confirmed that exposure to sublethal spinosad led to reduced larval wet weight, delayed larval developmental period, caused difficulty in molting, and deformed pupae. Further investigation demonstrated that exposure to sublethal spinosad caused a significant decrease in 20E titer and increase in JH titer, thereby leading to the discordance between 20E and JH titers, and consequently alteration in the expression levels of HR3 and Kr-h1. These results suggested that sublethal spinosad caused hormonal disorders in larvae, which directly affect insect development. Our study serves as a reference and basis for the toxicity evaluation of spinosad on molting and pupation in insect metamorphosis, which may contribute to identifying targets for effective control of cotton bollworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yuying Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Wenli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Mengfang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xinming Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ruobing Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Jizhen Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Shiheng An
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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22
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Nguyen J, Ghazali R, Batterham P, Perry T. Inhibiting the proteasome reduces molecular and biological impacts of the natural product insecticide, spinosad. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:3777-3786. [PMID: 33481333 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insecticide targets are often identified by mutations that confer resistance, but the intricacies of insecticide binding and downstream processes leading to insect death often remain obscure. Mutations in α6-like nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit genes have been associated with high levels of resistance to spinosad in many insect species, including Drosophila melanogaster. Here, we aimed to expand our understanding of the effects of the natural product insecticide spinosad on its protein target, the α6 subunit, using genetic tools available in D. melanogaster. RESULTS Functional, fluorescently tagged Dα6 subunits (Dα6YFP ) were developed to allow observation of the protein in vivo. Larvae expressing Dα6YFP were exposed to a sub-lethal concentration of spinosyn A (0.025 ppm) for 6 days, leading to a 64% reduction in fluorescence relative to unexposed larvae. Direct application of high doses of spinosyn A to dissected larval brains resulted in a visible 38.25% decrease in Dα6YFP within 20 min, indicating that degradation of the Dα6 protein occurred in response to spinosyn A exposure. Chemical inhibition of the proteasome system using the multiple myeloma treatment drug, PS-341 reduced loss of Dα6YFP in response to spinosyn A at the 20-min time point to 6.35%. In addition, in vivo administration of PS-341 prior to spinosad exposure reduced the effect of spinosad on larval activity. CONCLUSION Based on these data, we propose that exposure to spinosad leads to degradation of the α6-like target protein, a potentially novel element in the mode of action of spinosyns that may contribute to their toxicity towards insects. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Nguyen
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Razi Ghazali
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Philip Batterham
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Trent Perry
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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23
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Perry T, Chen W, Ghazali R, Yang YT, Christesen D, Martelli F, Lumb C, Bao Luong HN, Mitchell J, Holien JK, Parker MW, Sparks TC, Batterham P. Role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits in the mode of action of neonicotinoid, sulfoximine and spinosyn insecticides in Drosophila melanogaster. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 131:103547. [PMID: 33548485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Insecticides remain valuable tools for the control of insect pests that significantly impact human health and agriculture. A deeper understanding of insecticide targets is important in maintaining this control over pests. Our study systematically investigates the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) gene family, in order to identify the receptor subunits critical to the insect response to insecticides from three distinct chemical classes (neonicotinoids, spinosyns and sulfoximines). Applying the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology in D. melanogaster, we were able to generate and maintain homozygous mutants for eight nAChR subunit genes. A ninth gene (Dβ1) was investigated using somatic CRISPR in neural cells to overcome the low viability of the homozygous germline knockout mutant. These findings highlight the specificity of the spinosyn class insecticide, spinosad, to receptors containing the Dα6 subunit. By way of contrast, neonicotinoids are likely to target multiple receptor subtypes, beyond those receptor subunit combinations previously identified. Significant differences in the impacts of specific nAChR subunit deletions on the resistance level of flies to neonicotinoids imidacloprid and nitenpyram indicate that the receptor subtypes they target do not completely overlap. While an R81T mutation in β1 subunits has revealed residues co-ordinating binding of sulfoximines and neonicotinoids differ, the resistance profiles of a deletion of Dβ1 examined here provide new insights into the mode of action of sulfoxaflor (sulfoximine) and identify Dβ1 as a key component of nAChRs targeted by both these insecticide classes. A comparison of resistance phenotypes found in this study to resistance reported in insect pests reveals a strong conservation of subunit targets across many different insect species and that mutations have been identified in most of the receptor subunits that our findings would predict to have the potential to confer resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trent Perry
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Wei Chen
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Razi Ghazali
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Ying Ting Yang
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Danielle Christesen
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Felipe Martelli
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Chris Lumb
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia; Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Hang Ngoc Bao Luong
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Judith Mitchell
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Jessica K Holien
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes St, Fitzroy, Victoria, 3065, Australia
| | - Michael W Parker
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes St, Fitzroy, Victoria, 3065, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Thomas C Sparks
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionville Road, Indianapolis, IN, 46268, USA
| | - Philip Batterham
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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24
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Shabbir MZ, He L, Shu C, Yin F, Zhang J, Li ZY. Assessing the Single and Combined Toxicity of Chlorantraniliprole and Bacillus thuringiensis (GO33A) against Four Selected Strains of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), and a Gene Expression Analysis. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:227. [PMID: 33809820 PMCID: PMC8004223 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13030227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Concerns about resistance development to conventional insecticides in diamondback moth (DBM) Plutella xylostella (L.), the most destructive pest of Brassica vegetables, have stimulated interest in alternative pest management strategies. The toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai (Bt GO33A) combined with chlorantraniliprole (Chl) has not been documented. Here, we examined single and combined toxicity of chlorantraniliprole and Bt to assess the levels of resistance in four DBM strains. Additionally, enzyme activities were tested in field-original highly resistant (FOH-DBM), Bt-resistant (Bt-DBM), chlorantraniliprole-resistant (CL-DBM), and Bt + chlorantraniliprole-resistant (BtC-DBM) strains. The Bt product had the highest toxicity to all four DBM strains followed by the mixture of insecticides (Bt + Chl) and chlorantraniliprole. Synergism between Bt and chlorantraniliprole was observed; the combination of Bt + (Bt + Chl) (1:1, LC50:LC50) was the most toxic, showing a synergistic effect against all four DBM strains with a poison ratio of 1.35, 1.29, 1.27, and 1.25. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) and carboxyl-esterase (CarE) activities showed positive correlations with chlorantraniliprole resistance, but no correlation was observed with resistance to Bt and Bt + Chl insecticides. Expression of genes coding for PxGST, CarE, AChE, and MFO using qRT-PCR showed that the PxGST and MFO were significantly overexpressed in Bt-DBM. However, AChE and CarE showed no difference in the four DBM strains. Mixtures of Bt with chlorantraniliprole exhibited synergistic effects and may aid the design of new combinations of pesticides to delay resistance in DBM strains substantially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zeeshan Shabbir
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (M.Z.S.); (L.H.); (F.Y.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ling He
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (M.Z.S.); (L.H.); (F.Y.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Changlong Shu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100094, China; (C.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - Fei Yin
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (M.Z.S.); (L.H.); (F.Y.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100094, China; (C.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - Zhen-Yu Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (M.Z.S.); (L.H.); (F.Y.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, China
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25
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Yang CC, Yokoi K, Yamamoto K, Jouraku A. An update of KAIKObase, the silkworm genome database. Database (Oxford) 2021; 2021:baaa099. [PMID: 33645624 PMCID: PMC7918157 DOI: 10.1093/database/baaa099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
KAIKObase was established in 2009 as the genome database of the domesticated silkworm Bombyx mori. It provides several gene sets and genetic maps as well as genome annotation obtained from the sequencing project of the International Silkworm Genome Consortium in 2008. KAIKObase has been used widely for silkworm and insect studies even though there are some erroneous predicted genes due to misassembly and gaps in the genome. In 2019, we released a new silkworm genome assembly, showing improvements in gap closure and covering more and longer gene models. Therefore, there is a need to include new genome and new gene models to KAIKObase. In this article, we present the updated contents of KAIKObase and the methods to generate, integrate and analyze the data sets. Database URL: https://kaikobase.dna.affrc.go.jp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-chia Yang
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Kakeru Yokoi
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Kimiko Yamamoto
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Akiya Jouraku
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
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26
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Shi P, Guo SK, Gao YF, Chen JC, Gong YJ, Tang MQ, Cao LJ, Li H, Hoffmann AA, Wei SJ. Association Between Susceptibility of Thrips palmi to Spinetoram and Frequency of G275E Mutation Provides Basis for Molecular Quantification of Field-Evolved Resistance. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 114:339-347. [PMID: 33399196 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Putative mechanisms underlying spinosyn resistance have been identified in controlled studies on many species; however, mechanisms underlying field-evolved resistance and the development of a molecular diagnostic method for monitoring field resistance have lagged behind. Here, we examined levels of resistance of melon thrips, Thrips palmi Karny (Thysanoptera:Thripidae), to spinetoram as well as target site mutations in field populations across China to identify potential mechanisms and useful molecular markers for diagnostic and quantifying purposes. In resistant populations, we identified the G275E mutation, which has previously been linked to spinosyns resistance, and F314V mutation, both located in the α6 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. There was a strong correlation between levels of spinetoram resistance and allele frequency of G275E mutation in field-collected populations (r2 = 0.84) and those reared under laboratory conditions for two to five generations (r2 = 0.91). LC50 ranged from 0.12 to 0.66 mg/liter in populations without G275E mutation, whereas it ranged from 33.12 to 39.91 mg/liter in most populations with a G275E mutation frequency more than 90%. Our results indicate that the field-evolved resistance of T. palmi to spinetoram in China is mainly conferred by the G275E mutation. The frequency of the G275E mutation provides a useful diagnostic for quantifying resistance levels in field populations of T. palmi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Shi
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shao-Kun Guo
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Fu Gao
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Cui Chen
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Jun Gong
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Qing Tang
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Jun Cao
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ary Anthony Hoffmann
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Shu-Jun Wei
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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27
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Shi P, Guo SK, Gao YF, Cao LJ, Gong YJ, Chen JC, Yue L, Li H, Hoffmann AA, Wei SJ. Variable resistance to spinetoram in populations of Thrips palmi across a small area unconnected to genetic similarity. Evol Appl 2020; 13:2234-2245. [PMID: 33005221 PMCID: PMC7513702 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The melon thrips, Thrips palmi, is an increasingly important pest of vegetables in northern China. Some populations have developed resistance in the field to the insecticide spinetoram. Understanding the origin and dispersal of insecticide-resistant populations can shed light on resistance management strategies. In this study, we tested susceptibility of seven greenhouse populations of T. palmi to spinetoram collected from a small area of about 300 km2 in Shandong Province and examined population genetic structure across the area based on a segment of mitochondrial cox1 gene and 22 microsatellite loci to infer the possible origin and dispersal of insecticide resistance. Levels of resistance to spinetoram differed among seven populations, which included one population with high resistance (LC50 = 759.34 mg/L), three populations with medium resistance (LC50 ranged from 28.69 to 34.79 mg/L), and three populations with low resistance (LC50 ranged from 7.61 to 8.97 mg/L). The populations were genetically differentiated into two groups unrelated to both levels of resistance and geographic distance. The molecular data indicated high levels of gene flow between populations with different levels of resistance to spinetoram and low gene flow among populations with the same level of resistance, pointing to a likely separate history of resistance evolution. Resistance levels of two tested populations to spinetoram decreased 23 and 4.6 times after five generations without any exposure to the pesticide. We therefore suspect that resistance of T. palmi most likely evolved in response to local applications of the insecticide. Our study suggests that the development of resistance could be avoided or resistance even reversed by reducing usage of spinetoram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Shi
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing China
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management College of Plant Protection China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Shao-Kun Guo
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yong-Fu Gao
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing China
| | - Li-Jun Cao
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing China
| | - Ya-Jun Gong
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jin-Cui Chen
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing China
| | - Lei Yue
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing China
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management College of Plant Protection China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Ary Anthony Hoffmann
- School of BioSciences Bio21 Institute The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Shu-Jun Wei
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing China
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management College of Plant Protection China Agricultural University Beijing China
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28
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He H, Peng S, Yuan S, Tang J, Liu Z, Rang J, Xia Z, Hu J, Chen J, Ding X, Hu S, Sun Y, Xia L. Effects of lytS-L on the primary metabolism and butenyl-spinosyn biosynthesis in Saccharopolyspora pogona. Gene 2020; 766:145130. [PMID: 32911030 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The LytTR family two-component system widely exists in bacterial cells and plays an important role in metabolic regulation. The lytS-L gene that encodes for a LytTR family sensor kinase was knocked out to study its influence on the growth, phenotype, and the biosynthesis of the insecticidal polyketide butenyl-spinosyn in Saccharopolyspora pogona NRRL 30141 (S. pogona). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) results showed that the butenyl-spinosyn yield of the lytS-L knockout mutant decreased by 58.9% compared with that of the parental strain. This is manifested by a weak toxicity of the mutant against the insect Helicoverpa assulta (H. armigera). Comparative proteomic analysis revealed the expression characteristics of the proteins in S. pogona and S. pogona-ΔlytS-L: a total of 14 proteins involved in energy metabolism were down-regulated, 9 proteins related to carbon metabolism such as glycolysis, and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) were up-regulated, while 13 proteins involved in the biosynthesis of butenyl-spinosyn were down-regulated (fold change >1.2 or< 0.83). The qRT-PCR (Quantitative Real-time PCR) analysis illustrated that the changes in the expression levels of transcription and translation of the identified genes were consistent. This study explores the function of the two-component system of the LytTR family in S. pogona and shows that the lytS-L gene has an important influence on regulating primary metabolism and butenyl-spinosyn biosynthesis of S. pogona.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haocheng He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Shengnan Peng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuangqin Yuan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianli Tang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhudong Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Rang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziyuan Xia
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinjuan Hu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianming Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuezhi Ding
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Shengbiao Hu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yunjun Sun
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
| | - Liqiu Xia
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
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Wang J, Ma H, Zuo Y, Yang Y, Wu Y. CRISPR-mediated gene knockout reveals nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit α6 as a target of spinosyns in Helicoverpa armigera. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:2925-2931. [PMID: 32384223 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spinosyn insecticides (spinosad and spinetoram) have been intensively used to control a wide range of agricultural pests. However, resistance to spinosyns has evolved in several agricultural pests. Disruption of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit α6 (nAChRα6) has been associated with high levels of resistance to spinosyns in both field and laboratory-selected strains of several insect pests. Among the 12 nAChR subunits of Helicoverpa armigera, Haα6 has the closest sequence similarity (66.02%) to Haα7. Here we used CRISPR-mediated knockouts to evaluate the role of two nAChR subunits (Haα6 and Haα7) of H. armigera in toxicity of spinosyns. RESULTS Individual knockouts of Haα6 and Haα7 were created utilizing CRISPR/Cas9 system in H. armigera. The Haα6 knockout (Haα6-KO) strain exhibited high levels of resistance to spinosad (531-fold) and spinetoram (1105-fold) compared with the wild-type parent SCD strain, whereas the Haα7 knockout (Haα7-KO) strain showed no significant susceptibility changes to both spinosyns. Genetic analyses demonstrated that resistance to spinosad conferred by knockout of Haα6 was autosomal, incompletely recessive and tightly linked to the disruption mutation of Haα6. Both Haα6-KO and Haα7-KO strains had no significant effects on susceptibility to other four insecticides including emamectin benzoate, beta-cypermethrin, chlorantraniliprole and indoxacarb. CONCLUSION Our results provide in vivo functional evidence for Haα6 as a target of spinosyns in H. armigera, and little or no role of Haα7 in mediating toxicity of spinosyns. The results are valuable to the development of resistance monitoring and management methods for spinosyn resistance in H. armigera. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huanhuan Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yayun Zuo
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yihua Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yidong Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Zuo Y, Xue Y, Lu W, Ma H, Chen M, Wu Y, Yang Y, Hu Z. Functional validation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) α6 as a target of spinosyns in Spodoptera exigua utilizing the CRISPR/Cas9 system. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:2415-2422. [PMID: 32056365 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, is a serious agricultural pest that is primarily controlled using chemical insecticides. Recently, resistance to the insecticide spinosad has been described in S. exigua field populations. To date, there has been no functional evidence proving the involvement of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) α6 mutation in spinosad resistance in S. exigua. RESULTS In this study, using the CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing system, a homozygous strain (Seα6-KO) with approximately 1760-bp deletion within Seα6 in S. exigua causing a premature truncation of Seα6 was successfully constructed. Insecticide bioassays showed that Seα6-KO exhibited 373-fold higher resistance to spinosad and 850-fold higher resistance to spinetoram compared to WH-S strain with the same genetic background but showed no significant change in susceptibility to emamectin benzoate and chlorantraniliprole. Genetic analysis revealed that Seα6-KO is inherited as an incompletely recessive trait. CONCLUSION The results clearly demonstrated the functional role of Seα6 in resistance to spinosyn insecticides and provide an example of using genome editing to verify a target premature truncation associated with resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayun Zuo
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R & D of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, China
| | - Yuxin Xue
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R & D of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, China
| | - Wenjie Lu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huanhuan Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Maohua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yidong Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yihua Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaonong Hu
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R & D of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Homem RA, Buttery B, Richardson E, Tan Y, Field LM, Williamson MS, Emyr Davies TG. Evolutionary trade-offs of insecticide resistance - The fitness costs associated with target-site mutations in the nAChR of Drosophila melanogaster. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:2661-2675. [PMID: 32510730 PMCID: PMC7496652 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of resistance to drugs and pesticides poses a major threat to human health and food security. Neonicotinoids are highly effective insecticides used to control agricultural pests. They target the insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and mutations of the receptor that confer resistance have been slow to develop, with only one field‐evolved mutation being reported to date. This is an arginine‐to‐threonine substitution at position 81 of the nAChR_β1 subunit in neonicotinoid‐resistant aphids. To validate the role of R81T in neonicotinoid resistance and to test whether it may confer any significant fitness costs to insects, CRISPR/Cas9 was used to introduce an analogous mutation in the genome of Drosophila melanogaster. Flies carrying R81T showed an increased tolerance (resistance) to neonicotinoid insecticides, accompanied by a significant reduction in fitness. In comparison, flies carrying a deletion of the whole nAChR_α6 subunit, the target site of spinosyns, showed an increased tolerance to this class of insecticides but presented almost no fitness deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael A Homem
- Rothamsted Research, Biointeractions and Crop Protection Department, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Bliss Buttery
- Rothamsted Research, Biointeractions and Crop Protection Department, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Ewan Richardson
- Rothamsted Research, Biointeractions and Crop Protection Department, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Yao Tan
- Rothamsted Research, Biointeractions and Crop Protection Department, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK.,Research Centre for Grassland Entomology, Inner Mongolian Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Linda M Field
- Rothamsted Research, Biointeractions and Crop Protection Department, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Martin S Williamson
- Rothamsted Research, Biointeractions and Crop Protection Department, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - T G Emyr Davies
- Rothamsted Research, Biointeractions and Crop Protection Department, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
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Wang X, Ma Y, Wang F, Yang Y, Wu S, Wu Y. Disruption of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α6 mediated by CRISPR/Cas9 confers resistance to spinosyns in Plutella xylostella. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:1618-1625. [PMID: 31756263 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system provides some advantages over other reverse genetic techniques to investigate the causal relationship between insecticide resistance phenotype and candidate gene. Several studies published to date point to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) α6 subunit strongly associated with spinosyns resistance in insects, including Plutella xylostella. However, reverse genetic verification of the P. xylostella nAChRα6 has not yet been achieved via an in vivo approach. RESULTS Here, we successfully constructed a homozygous strain (Pxα6-KO) with a 2-nt deletion mutation of nAChRα6 by CRISPR/Cas9 coupled with non-homologous end joining approach in P. xylostella. The manipulated mutation results in a frame shift in the open reading frame of transcripts, which produces a predicted protein truncated in the TM3-TM4 loop region. When compared to the background strain IPP-S, the knockout strain Pxα6-KO exhibited 229- and 1462-fold resistance to spinosad and spinetoram, respectively, but no or limited (resistance ratios <3-fold) effects on the toxicities of imidacloprid, abamectin, β-cypermethrin, indoxacarb, metaflumizone and chlorantraniliprole. Furthermore, the mode of inheritance of the acquired spinetoram resistance was autosomal recessive and significantly linked with the 2-nt deletion mutation of nAChRα6 in the Pxα6-KO strain. CONCLUSION In vivo functional investigation demonstrates the causality of the Pxα6 truncating mutation with high levels of resistance to spinosyns in P. xylostella. Our results suggest the Pxα6-KO strain underlies an autosomal, recessive mode of inheritance for spinetoram resistance, and reinforces the association of this gene to the mode of action of spinosyns. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingliang Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiming Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Falong Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yihua Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuwen Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yidong Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Grant C, Jacobson R, Ilias A, Berger M, Vasakis E, Bielza P, Zimmer CT, Williamson MS, Ffrench-Constant RH, Vontas J, Roditakis E, Bass C. The evolution of multiple-insecticide resistance in UK populations of tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:2079-2085. [PMID: 30785238 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta, is an economically important pest of tomatoes in Europe, Africa, Asia and South America. In the UK this species is controlled using an integrated pest management (IPM) programme which incorporates the insecticides spinosad and chlorantraniliprole. In response to UK grower concerns of loss of efficacy of these compounds at certain sites, insecticide bioassays were performed on five populations collected from four commercial glasshouses and potential mechanisms of resistance investigated. RESULTS We observed high levels of resistance to spinosad in four of the strains, and in two of these tolerance to chlorantraniliprole. Selection of one of these strains with chlorantraniliprole rapidly resulted in a line exhibiting potent resistance to this compound. Sequencing of messenger RNA encoding the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) α6 subunit, target of spinosad, revealed Taα6 transcripts in the spinosad-resistant strains that lack exon 4 and encode a highly truncated protein, or contain a triplet deletion in the predicted first transmembrane domain resulting in the loss of a highly conserved amino acid. Sequencing of the ryanodine receptor gene, encoding the target of diamide insecticides, of the chlorantraniliprole-selected line revealed an amino acid substitution (G4903V) that has been previously linked to diamide resistance in populations of T. absoluta in the Mediterranean and South America. CONCLUSION Taken together our results reveal emerging resistance in UK populations of T. absoluta to two of the most important insecticides used as part of IPM, with significant implications for the control of this species in the UK. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Grant
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, UK
| | | | - Aris Ilias
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, Crete, Greece
| | - Madeleine Berger
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Emmanouil Vasakis
- Hellenic Agricultural Organisation - 'Demeter', Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Pablo Bielza
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Christoph T Zimmer
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, UK
| | - Martin S Williamson
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Richard H Ffrench-Constant
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, UK
| | - John Vontas
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, Crete, Greece
- Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Roditakis
- Hellenic Agricultural Organisation - 'Demeter', Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Chris Bass
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, UK
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Guest M, Goodchild JA, Bristow JA, Flemming AJ. RDL A301S alone does not confer high levels of resistance to cyclodiene organochlorine or phenyl pyrazole insecticides in Plutella xylostella. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 158:32-39. [PMID: 31378358 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the GABA-gated chloride channel are associated with resistance to cyclodiene organochlorine and phenyl pyrazole insecticides. The best characterised of these is A301S, which was initially identified in a Dieldrin resistant strain of Drosophila melanogaster. The orthologous mutation has been found in a variety of different crop pests including the diamond back moth Plutella xylostella. However, the contribution of this mutation to resistance in this species remains unclear. We have used the CRISPR/Cas9 system in order to edit Plutella xylostella PxGABARalpha1 to Serine at the 301 orthologous position (282 in PxGABARalpha1) in an insecticide sensitive strain isolated from Vero Beach (VB) USA. In this edited line, no high level of resistance is conferred to Dieldrin, Endosulfan or Fipronil, rather only a subtle shift in sensitivity which could not confer commercially important resistance. We conclude that the high level of commercial resistance to cyclodiene organochlorine and phenyl pyrazole insecticides observed in some field isolates of Plutella xylostella cannot arise from A282S in PxGABARalpha1 alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Guest
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK.
| | - J A Goodchild
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK
| | - J A Bristow
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK
| | - A J Flemming
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK
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35
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Gress BE, Zalom FG. Identification and risk assessment of spinosad resistance in a California population of Drosophila suzukii. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:1270-1276. [PMID: 30324771 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bioinsecticide spinosad is among the most widely used insecticides for managing spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), and is critical for preventing fruit infestation in organic berry production. Recent reports, however, have raised concerns that the efficacy of this material is declining in fields near Watsonville, CA, a major hub of commercial berry production in the USA and the first location where D. suzukii was reported in North America. RESULTS In this study, we performed dose-response analyses on D. suzukii from commercial raspberry plantings near Watsonville as well as a second untreated site in California using a widely implemented bioassay protocol. We found that Watsonville flies exhibited spinosad LC50 values 4.3-7.7 times higher than those from the untreated location and 11.6-22.4 times higher than previously reported susceptible baselines. Additionally, tolerance to spinosad continued to increase after additional selection for five generations, though this result was only statistically significant after prolonged exposure to residues. CONCLUSIONS These findings confirm that spinosad resistance is emerging in the Watsonville area and document the first known occurrence in the USA, presenting an urgent need for the development of alternative management strategies to control this pest. Additional work is needed to resolve the underlying molecular mechanism(s) that confers spinosad resistance in D. suzukii and assess the potential for this trait to spread into new populations. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian E Gress
- Department of Entomology & Nematology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Frank G Zalom
- Department of Entomology & Nematology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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Ahmad M, Rasool B, Ahmad M, Russell DA. Resistance and Synergism of Novel Insecticides in Field Populations of Cotton Bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Pakistan. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 112:859-871. [PMID: 30668865 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) is still a serious pest of non-Bt crops in Asia and Africa. It has been a notorious pest in developing resistance to all the insecticide classes applied for its control. Response of field populations of H. armigera to new chemistries having novel modes of action was monitored during 2003-2016 using a leaf-dip bioassay. No or very low level of resistance was found to newer insecticides, such as spinetoram, chlorantraniliprole, and flubendiamide during 2008-2016. There was also no or very low resistance to chlorfenapyr from 2003 to 2016. Resistance to spinosad, abamectin, and emamectin benzoate was none or very low as well during 2003-2013 and then it rose to a low level for spinosad and to a high level for avermectins by the year 2016. Methoxyfenozide resistance was very low during 2003-2010, low during 2011-2013, and moderate during 2014-2016. Resistance to thiocyclam was very low to low during 2009-2011, but it increased to moderate to high levels during 2012-2016. Resistance to indoxacarb was moderate during 2003-2006, which then decreased to low level during 2007-2010, very low level during 2011-2014, and no resistance during 2015 and 2016 corresponding to the reduced use of indoxacarb in the Pakistani agriculture. Piperonyl butoxide and tribufos exhibited a good synergism with indoxacarb and chlorfenapyr but not with spinosad in H. armigera populations. Rotation of new insecticides, having no, very low, and low resistance along with other IPM practices, is recommended to manage resistance to insecticides in H. armigera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushtaq Ahmad
- Plant Protection Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Rasool
- Plant Protection Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Munir Ahmad
- Department of Entomology, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Derek A Russell
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Ureña E, Guillem-Amat A, Couso-Ferrer F, Beroiz B, Perera N, López-Errasquín E, Castañera P, Ortego F, Hernández-Crespo P. Multiple mutations in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor Ccα6 gene associated with resistance to spinosad in medfly. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2961. [PMID: 30814521 PMCID: PMC6393475 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38681-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinosad is an insecticide widely used for the control of insect pest species, including Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata. Its target site is the α6 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and different mutations in this subunit confer resistance to spinosad in diverse insect species. The insect α6 gene contains 12 exons, with mutually exclusive versions of exons 3 (3a, 3b) and 8 (8a, 8b, 8c). We report here the selection of a medfly strain highly resistant to spinosad, JW-100 s, and we identify three recessive Ccα6 mutant alleles in the JW-100 s population: (i) Ccα63aQ68* containing a point mutation that generates a premature stop codon on exon 3a (3aQ68*); (ii) Ccα63aAG>AT containing a point mutation in the 5' splicing site of exon 3a (3aAG > AT); and (iii) Ccα63aQ68*-K352* that contains the mutation 3aQ68* and another point mutation on exon 10 (K352*). Though our analysis of the susceptibility to spinosad in field populations indicates that resistance has not yet evolved, a better understanding of the mechanism of action of spinosad is essential to implement sustainable management practices to avoid the development of resistance in field populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enric Ureña
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana y de Plantas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower St, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ana Guillem-Amat
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana y de Plantas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Couso-Ferrer
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana y de Plantas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Beroiz
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana y de Plantas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nathalia Perera
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana y de Plantas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena López-Errasquín
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana y de Plantas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Castañera
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana y de Plantas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Félix Ortego
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana y de Plantas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Hernández-Crespo
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana y de Plantas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
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Yin C, Wang R, Luo C, Zhao K, Wu Q, Wang Z, Yang G. Monitoring, Cross-Resistance, Inheritance, and Synergism of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) Resistance to Pyridalyl in China. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 112:329-334. [PMID: 30371797 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pyridalyl is an insecticide that shows significant efficacy against Plutella xylostella, a notorious pest insect worldwide. In this study, we monitored resistance of P. xylostella to pyridalyl in China from 2016 to 2017, determined cross-resistance, inheritance, and synergism of pyridalyl resistance in two pyridalyl-resistant populations, one field-evolved resistant population (ZL-PR) and one laboratory-selected resistant population (XY-PR). We found that variation in susceptibility among 15 field populations in China from 2016 to 2017 was high, with mean LC50 values ranging from 1.839 to 1,652 mg/liter. The laboratory-selected XY-PR strain showed 31.3-fold resistance to pyridalyl and moderate cross-resistance to fipronil. The ZL-PR displayed 1,050.2-fold resistance to pyridalyl and high resistance to all tested insecticides. Genetic analysis illustrated that pyridalyl resistance in ZL-PR was autosomally inherited and incompletely recessive. However, pyridalyl resistance in the XY-PR strain was autosomally inherited but incompletely dominant. Moreover, piperonyl butoxide significantly inhibited pyridalyl resistance in the XY-PR strain. In conclusion, P. xylostella field populations from South China have high levels of resistance to pyridalyl and different modes of inheritance of resistance were found in XY-PR and ZL-PR. Moreover, enhanced oxidative metabolism is possibly involved in resistance of the XY-PR strain but not in the ZL-PR strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Luo
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiongyou Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangfu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
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Hiruta E, Aizawa M, Nakano A, Sonoda S. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α6 subunit mutation (G275V) found in a spinosad-resistant strain of the flower thrips, Frankliniella intonsa (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2018; 43:272-276. [PMID: 30479549 PMCID: PMC6240775 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d18-007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The flower thrips Frankliniella intonsa strain showing resistance to spinosad was established in the laboratory. The resistant strain showed an LC50 value of 1398.7 mg/L in a leaf dipping/contact assay. The LC50 value was ca. 280 times higher than that of the most susceptible strain. An insecticidal assay using synergists suggested no involvement of degradation enzymes, such as cytochrome P450, glutathione S-transferase, and carboxyl esterase, in the resistance. Glycine at amino acid position 275 of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) α6 subunit was mutated to valine in the resistant strain. These results suggest that spinosad resistance in F. intonsa is conferred by the reduced sensitivity of nAChR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emika Hiruta
- School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321–8505, Japan
| | - Misato Aizawa
- Kagawa Agricultural Experiment Station, Ayauta, Kagawa 761–2306, Japan
| | - Akio Nakano
- Tokushima Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries Technology Support Center, Ishii, Tokushima 779–3233, Japan
| | - Shoji Sonoda
- School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321–8505, Japan
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Sun BT, Akutse KS, Xia XF, Chen JH, Ai X, Tang Y, Wang Q, Feng BW, Goettel MS, You MS. Endophytic effects of Aspergillus oryzae on radish (Raphanus sativus) and its herbivore, Plutella xylostella. PLANTA 2018; 248:705-714. [PMID: 29948125 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2928-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We provide evidence that Aspergillus oryzae not only acts as an endophyte in Raphanus sativus, but also works as a plant growth promoter and provides some protection against its herbivore, Plutella xylostella affecting its feeding rate, mortality and fitness parameters, thereby contributing to the pest population suppression. Seed inoculation of radish seeds with the fungus Aspergillus oryzae allowed its establishment as an endophyte promoting plant growth and negatively affecting fitness parameters of its major herbivore, diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. Endophytic fungi may contribute to the growth of their host plants and enhance resistance to herbivores and diseases. We evaluated the effect of A. oryzae (Ahlburg) E. Cohn as an endophyte in radish (Raphanus sativus L.) on growth and development of the plants themselves and their major herbivore, the diamondback moth P. xylostella (L). A. oryzae colonization rates in leaves were significantly higher than in roots and stems, with a rate of 80% in leaves, 40% in stems and 20% in roots 1 week after seed inoculation. Colonization gradually decreased in the various plant tissues, and disappeared completely in roots, stems and leaves within 2, 5 and 7 weeks, respectively. A. oryzae did not affect seed germination; however, it promoted radish growth with endophytic plants attaining average heights of 116 mm compared to 99.6 mm in the controls at the third week post-inoculation. The P. xylostella fitness parameters, consumption, larval and pupal weights, and feeding on the endophytic plants were significantly lower than the controls, while larval mortality was significantly higher. Larvae fed on endophytic plants consumed 0.46 mg less leaf matter in the first week post seed inoculation and weighed 0.83 mg less as mature 4th instars than controls. We have demonstrated that A. oryzae can establish as an endophyte in R. sativus through seed inoculation providing some plant growth promotion and protection against its herbivore by increasing its mortality and negatively affecting its fitness parameters, suggesting that adopting seed treatments with A. oryzae may be beneficial in the commercial cultivation of radish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Tong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, and College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Komivi Senyo Akutse
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Xiao-Feng Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, and College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jun-Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, and College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xin Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, and College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, and College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, and College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Bo-Wen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, and College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Mark S Goettel
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
| | - Min-Sheng You
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, and College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Wan Y, Yuan G, He B, Xu B, Xie W, Wang S, Zhang Y, Wu Q, Zhou X. Foccα6, a truncated nAChR subunit, positively correlates with spinosad resistance in the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 99:1-10. [PMID: 29753712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), a molecular target for spinosyns and neonicotinoids, mediate rapid cholinergic transmission in insect central nervous system by binding acetylcholine. Previous studies have shown that mutations in nAChRs contribute to the high level of resistance to these two classes of insecticides. In this study, we identified nine nAChR subunits from a transcriptome of the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, including α1-7, β1, and β2. Exon 4 of α4 and exons 3 and 8 of α6 each have two splicing variants, respectively. In addition, altered or incorrect splicing leads to truncated forms of α3, α5, and α6 subunits. The abundance of every nAChRs in both spinosad susceptible and resistant strains was highest in the 1st instar nymph. Significantly more truncated forms of α6 subunit were detected in spinosad resistant strains, whereas, hardly any full-length form was found in the two highly resistant F. occidentalis strains (resistance ratio >104-fold). Under laboratory conditions, spinosad resistance was positively correlated with truncated α6 transcripts. The correlation was later confirmed under the field conditions using five field strains. As the molecular target of spinosad, the percentage of truncated nAChR α6 subunits can be used as a diagnostic tool to detect and quantify spinosad resistance in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanran Wan
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Guangdi Yuan
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Bingqing He
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Baoyun Xu
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Wen Xie
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Shaoli Wang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Qingjun Wu
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xuguo Zhou
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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Fu B, Li Q, Qiu H, Tang L, Zeng D, Liu K, Gao Y. Resistance development, stability, cross-resistance potential, biological fitness and biochemical mechanisms of spinetoram resistance in Thrips hawaiiensis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:1564-1574. [PMID: 29427375 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinetoram, a new type of spinosyn with novel modes of action, has been used in effective thrips control programs, but resistance remains a threat. In the present study, a laboratory Thrips hawaiiensis population was subjected to spinetoram for resistance selection to investigate resistance development, stability, cross-resistance potential, biological fitness and underlying biochemical mechanisms. RESULTS Resistance to spinetoram in T. hawaiiensis rapidly increased 103.56-fold (for 20 generations of selection with spinetoram) compared with a laboratory susceptible population, and the average realized heritability (h2 ) of resistance was calculated as 0.1317. Maintaining the resistant population for five generations without any further selection pressure resulted in a decline in the resistance ratio from 19.42- to 9.50-fold, suggesting that spinetoram resistance in T. hawaiiensis is unstable. Moreover, the spinetoram-resistant population exhibited a lack of cross-resistance to other classes of insecticides, and showed biological fitness costs. The results of synergism experiments using enzyme inhibitors and biochemical analyses revealed that metabolic mechanisms might not be responsible for the development of spinetoram resistance in T. hawaiiensis. CONCLUSION The current study expands understanding of spinosyn resistance in thrips species, providing a basis for proposing better integrated pest management strageties for thrips control programs and defining the most appropriate tools for such resistance management. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buli Fu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pest, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Haiyan Qiu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Liangde Tang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Dongqiang Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Kui Liu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Yulin Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pest, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Okuma DM, Bernardi D, Horikoshi RJ, Bernardi O, Silva AP, Omoto C. Inheritance and fitness costs of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) resistance to spinosad in Brazil. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:1441-1448. [PMID: 29239512 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spodoptera frugiperda is a pest of economically important crops in South America. In Brazil, this species is considered the most destructive pest of maize. Use of spinosyn insecticides in insect resistance management (IRM) has been one strategy to control this pest. In this study, we selected a strain of S. frugiperda resistant to spinosad and evaluated the inheritance and fitness costs of the resistance. RESULTS Estimated LC50 (concentration required to kill 50% of larvae) values were 0.011 and 9.80 µg cm-2 for the spinosad-susceptible (Sus) and -resistant (Spin-res) strains, respectively. This represents an 890-fold resistance ratio. LC50 values for reciprocal crosses were 0.18 and 0.14 µg cm-2 , indicating that resistance to spinosad is an autosomal incompletely recessive trait. Backcrosses of the F1 progeny from reciprocal crosses with the parental Spin-res strain showed a polygenic effect. The estimated minimum number of independent segregations was ∼ 2.45, indicating that resistance to spinosad is associated with multiple genes. In greenhouse assays, third-instar larvae from the Spin-res strain showed >92% survival on spinosad-treated maize. By contrast Sus and reciprocal crosses exhibited 0% and <5% survival, respectively, indicating that resistance is recessive. Life history studies to investigate the fitness cost of resistance revealed a 41% reduction in the rate of survival to adulthood and a 49% lower reproductive rate in the Spin-res strain compared with the Sus strain. CONCLUSIONS The autosomal, incompletely recessive and polygenic resistance to spinosad in S. frugiperda and the fitness costs associated with this resistance can be exploited in IRM strategies to preserve the lifetime of spinosad for control of S. frugiperda in Brazil. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M Okuma
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Bernardi
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato J Horikoshi
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Oderlei Bernardi
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline P Silva
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celso Omoto
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Wang HT, Tsai CL, Chen ME. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit α6 associated with spinosad resistance in Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 148:68-73. [PMID: 29891379 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica, which is a primary pest of stored products, breaks up whole grains and makes them susceptible to secondary infestation by other pests. Insecticide application is the main control measure against this borer. A resistant strain of R. dominica against the insecticide, spinosad, was selected in the laboratory. The full-length cDNA of the target site of spinosad, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit α6, from R. dominica (Rdα6) was cloned and analyzed using reverse transcription PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The complete 2133-bp cDNA contains the open reading frame of 1497 bp encoding a 498-amino-acid protein. There are four predicted transmembrane (TM) regions, and six extracellular ligand-binding sites at the N-terminus, upstream from the first TM in Rdα6. Three mutations have been found in the resistant strain compared with the susceptible one: (1) a 181-bp fragment truncated at the N-terminus, resulting in the appearance of a premature stop codon, (2) one missing bp at the position 997, causing a frame-shift mutation, and (3) an 87-bp fragment truncated in the TM2 region. In addition, real-time quantitative PCR was applied to detect the transcriptional expression of Rdα6 in both the susceptible and resistant strains. The results indicated that the expression of Rdα6 was significantly lower in then resistant strain than in susceptible one. In conclusion, mutation of Rdα6 may cause R. dominica resistant to spinosad due to target site insensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Tang Wang
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City 402, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Lung Tsai
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City 402, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Er Chen
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City 402, Taiwan.
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Perry T, Batterham P. Harnessing model organisms to study insecticide resistance. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2018; 27:61-67. [PMID: 30025636 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The vinegar fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has made an enormous contribution to our understanding of insecticide targets, metabolism and transport. This contribution has been enabled by the unmatched capacity to manipulate genes in D. melanogaster and the fact that lessons learn in this system have been applicable to pests, because of the evolutionary conservation of key genes, particularly those encoding targets. With the advent of the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology, genes can now be manipulated in pest species, but this review points to advantages that are likely to keep D. melanogaster at the forefront of insecticide research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trent Perry
- School of BioSciences/Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philip Batterham
- School of BioSciences/Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia.
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Zhang Y, Liu B, Zhang Z, Wang L, Guo H, Li Z, He P, Liu Z, Fang J. Differential Expression of P450 Genes and nAChR Subunits Associated With Imidacloprid Resistance in Laodelphax striatellus (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 111:1382-1387. [PMID: 29617902 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Imidacloprid is a key insecticide used for controlling sucking insect pests, including the small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus, Fallén) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), an important agricultural pest of rice. A strain of L. striatellus (YN-ILR) developed 21-fold resistance when selected with imidacloprid on a susceptible YN strain. An in vitro study on piperonyl butoxide synergism indicated that enhanced detoxification mediated by cytochrome P450s contributed to imidacloprid resistance to some extent, and multiple P450 genes showed altered expression in the imidacloprid-resistant YN-ILR strain compared with the susceptible YN strain (CYP425B1-CYP6BD10 had 1.51- to 11.45-fold higher expression, CYP4CE2-CYP4DD1V2 had 0.12- to 0.57-fold lower expression). While there were no mutations in target nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) genes, subunits of Lsα1, Lsβ1, and Lsβ3 in the YN-ILR strain showed 3.86-, 4.39-, and 2.59-fold higher expression and Lsa8 displayed 0.38-fold lower expression than the YN strain. Moreover, 21-fold moderate imidacloprid resistance in individuals of L. striatellus did not produce a fitness cost. The findings suggest that L. striatellus has the capacity to develop resistance to imidacloprid through P450 detoxification and potential target nAChR expression changes, and moderate imidacloprid resistance was not associated with a fitness cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueliang Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, China
| | - Baosheng Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhichun Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, China
| | - Huifang Guo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng He
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zewen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Plant Disease and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jichao Fang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, China
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Somers J, Luong HNB, Batterham P, Perry T. Deletion of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit gene Dα1 confers insecticide resistance, but at what cost? Fly (Austin) 2017; 12:46-54. [PMID: 29095106 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2017.1396399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have vital functions in processes of neurotransmission that underpin key behaviors. These pentameric ligand-gated ion channels have been used as targets for insecticides that constitutively activate them, causing the death of insect pests. In examining a knockout of the Dα1 nAChR subunit gene, our study linked this one subunit with multiple traits. We were able to confirm previous work that had identified Dα1 as a target of the neonicotinoid class of insecticides. Further, we uncovered roles for the gene in influencing mating behavior and patterns of sleep. The knockout mutant was also observed to have a significant reduction in longevity. This study highlighted the severe fitness costs that appear to be associated with the loss of function of this gene in natural populations in the absence of insecticides targeting the Dα1 subunit. Such a fitness cost could explain why target site resistances to neonicotinoids in pest insect populations have been associated specific amino acid replacement mutations in nAChR subunits, rather than loss of function. That mutant phenotypes were observed for the two behaviors examined indicates that the functions of Dα1, and other nAChR subunits, need to be explored more broadly. It also remains to be established whether these phenotypes were due to loss of the Dα1 receptor and/or to compensatory changes in the expression levels of other nAChR subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Somers
- a School of BioSciences and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute , University of Melbourne , Melbourne , VIC , Australia.,b UCL Ear Institute , University College London , 332 Gray's Inn Road, London , WC1 × 8EE , United Kingdom
| | - Hang Ngoc Bao Luong
- a School of BioSciences and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute , University of Melbourne , Melbourne , VIC , Australia
| | - Philip Batterham
- a School of BioSciences and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute , University of Melbourne , Melbourne , VIC , Australia
| | - Trent Perry
- a School of BioSciences and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute , University of Melbourne , Melbourne , VIC , Australia
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Crossthwaite AJ, Bigot A, Camblin P, Goodchild J, Lind RJ, Slater R, Maienfisch P. The invertebrate pharmacology of insecticides acting at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2017; 42:67-83. [PMID: 30363948 PMCID: PMC6183333 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d17-019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is a ligand-gated ion channel composed of 5 protein subunits arranged around a central cation selective pore. Several classes of natural and synthetic insecticides mediate their effect through interacting at nAChRs. This review examines the basic pharmacology of the neonicotinoids and related chemistry, with an emphasis on sap-feeding insects from the order Hemiptera, the principle pest target for such insecticides. Although the receptor subunit stoichiometry for endogenous invertebrate nAChRs is unknown, there is clear evidence for the existence of distinct neonicotinoid binding sites in native insect preparations, which reflects the predicted wide repertoire of nAChRs and differing pharmacology within this insecticide class. The spinosyns are principally used to control chewing pests such as Lepidoptera, whilst nereistoxin analogues are used on pests of rice and vegetables through contact and systemic action, the pharmacology of both these insecticides is unique and different to that of the neonicotinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Crossthwaite
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Jealott’s Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Aurelien Bigot
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Camblin
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schwarzwaldallee 215, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jim Goodchild
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Jealott’s Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Robert J. Lind
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Jealott’s Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Russell Slater
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schwarzwaldallee 215, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Maienfisch
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schwarzwaldallee 215, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
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Wang X, Puinean AM, O Reilly AO, Williamson MS, Smelt CLC, Millar NS, Wu Y. Mutations on M3 helix of Plutella xylostella glutamate-gated chloride channel confer unequal resistance to abamectin by two different mechanisms. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 86:50-57. [PMID: 28576654 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Abamectin is one of the most widely used avermectins for agricultural pests control, but the emergence of resistance around the world is proving a major threat to its sustained application. Abamectin acts by directly activating glutamate-gated chloride channels (GluCls) and modulating other Cys-loop ion channels. To date, three mutations occurring in the transmembrane domain of arthropod GluCls are associated with target-site resistance to abamectin: A309V in Plutella xylostella GluCl (PxGluCl), G323D in Tetranychus urticae GluCl1 (TuGluCl1) and G326E in TuGluCl3. To compare the effects of these mutations in a single system, A309V/I/G and G315E (corresponding to G323 in TuGluCl1 and G326 in TuGluCl3) substitutions were introduced individually into the PxGluCl channel. Functional analysis using Xenopus oocytes showed that the A309V and G315E mutations reduced the sensitivity to abamectin by 4.8- and 493-fold, respectively. In contrast, the substitutions A309I/G show no significant effects on the response to abamectin. Interestingly, the A309I substitution increased the channel sensitivity to glutamate by one order of magnitude (∼12-fold). Analysis of PxGluCl homology models indicates that the G315E mutation interferes with abamectin binding through a steric hindrance mechanism. In contrast, the structural consequences of the A309 mutations are not so clear and an allosteric modification of the binding site is the most likely mechanism. Overall the results show that both A309V and G315E mutations may contribute to target-site resistance to abamectin and may be important for the future prediction and monitoring of abamectin resistance in P. xylostella and other arthropod pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingliang Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Alin M Puinean
- Rothamsted Research, Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection Department, Harpenden, UK.
| | - Andrias O O Reilly
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Martin S Williamson
- Rothamsted Research, Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection Department, Harpenden, UK.
| | - Charles L C Smelt
- Department of Neuroscience Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Neil S Millar
- Department of Neuroscience Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Yidong Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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Ffrench-Constant RH, Bass C. Does resistance really carry a fitness cost? CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2017; 21:39-46. [PMID: 28822487 PMCID: PMC5972224 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Insecticide resistance mutations are widely assumed to carry fitness costs. However studies to measure such costs are rarely performed on genetically related strains and are often only done in the laboratory. Theory also suggests that once evolved the cost of resistance can be offset by the evolution of fitness modifiers. But for insecticide resistance only one such example is well documented. Here we critically examine the literature on fitness costs in the absence of pesticide and ask if our knowledge of molecular biology has helped us predict the costs associated with different resistance mechanisms. We find that resistance alleles can arise from pre-existing polymorphisms and resistance associated variation can also be maintained by sexual antagonism. We describe novel mechanisms whereby both resistant and susceptible alleles can be maintained in permanent heterozygosis and discuss the likely consequences for fitness both in the presence and absence of pesticide. Taken together these findings suggest that we cannot assume that resistance always appears de novo and that our assumptions about the associated fitness costs need to be informed by a deeper understanding of the underlying molecular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard H Ffrench-Constant
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK.
| | - Chris Bass
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
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