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Alvarez AM, Trufen CEM, Buri MV, de Sousa MBN, Arruda-Alves FI, Lichtenstein F, Castro de Oliveira U, Junqueira-de-Azevedo IDLM, Teixeira C, Moreira V. Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Modulates Expression of Genes Involved in Cytokines and Chemokine Pathways in Proliferative Myoblast Cells. Cells 2024; 13:1161. [PMID: 38995013 PMCID: PMC11240656 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration after injury is a complex process involving inflammatory signaling and myoblast activation. Pro-inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) are key mediators, but their effects on gene expression in proliferating myoblasts are unclear. We performed the RNA sequencing of TNF-α treated C2C12 myoblasts to elucidate the signaling pathways and gene networks regulated by TNF-α during myoblast proliferation. The TNF-α (10 ng/mL) treatment of C2C12 cells led to 958 differentially expressed genes compared to the controls. Pathway analysis revealed significant regulation of TNF-α signaling, along with the chemokine and IL-17 pathways. Key upregulated genes included cytokines (e.g., IL-6), chemokines (e.g., CCL7), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). TNF-α increased myogenic factor 5 (Myf5) but decreased MyoD protein levels and stimulated the release of MMP-9, MMP-10, and MMP-13. TNF-α also upregulates versican and myostatin mRNA. Overall, our study demonstrates the TNF-α modulation of distinct gene expression patterns and signaling pathways that likely contribute to enhanced myoblast proliferation while suppressing premature differentiation after muscle injury. Elucidating the mechanisms involved in skeletal muscle regeneration can aid in the development of regeneration-enhancing therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela María Alvarez
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (A.M.A.); (C.E.M.T.); (M.V.B.); (F.I.A.-A.); (F.L.)
- Reproduction Group, Pharmacy Department, School of Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, University of Antioquia—UdeA, Medellín 050010, Colombia
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 04044-020, SP, Brazil;
| | - Carlos Eduardo Madureira Trufen
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (A.M.A.); (C.E.M.T.); (M.V.B.); (F.I.A.-A.); (F.L.)
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.i, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Marcus Vinicius Buri
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (A.M.A.); (C.E.M.T.); (M.V.B.); (F.I.A.-A.); (F.L.)
| | - Marcela Bego Nering de Sousa
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 04044-020, SP, Brazil;
| | - Francisco Ivanio Arruda-Alves
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (A.M.A.); (C.E.M.T.); (M.V.B.); (F.I.A.-A.); (F.L.)
| | - Flavio Lichtenstein
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (A.M.A.); (C.E.M.T.); (M.V.B.); (F.I.A.-A.); (F.L.)
| | - Ursula Castro de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Toxinologia Aplicada, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (U.C.d.O.); (I.d.L.M.J.-d.-A.)
| | | | - Catarina Teixeira
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (A.M.A.); (C.E.M.T.); (M.V.B.); (F.I.A.-A.); (F.L.)
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Moreira
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (A.M.A.); (C.E.M.T.); (M.V.B.); (F.I.A.-A.); (F.L.)
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 04044-020, SP, Brazil;
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Ryu H, Jeong HH, Kim MJ, Lee S, Jung WK, Lee B. Modulation of macrophage transcript and secretion profiles by Sargassum Serratifolium extract is associated with the suppression of muscle atrophy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13282. [PMID: 38858416 PMCID: PMC11165015 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63146-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent research has emphasized the role of macrophage-secreted factors on skeletal muscle metabolism. We studied Sargassum Serratifolium ethanol extract (ESS) in countering lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced changes in the macrophage transcriptome and their impact on skeletal muscle. Macrophage-conditioned medium (MCM) from LPS-treated macrophages (LPS-MCM) and ESS-treated macrophages (ESS-MCM) affected C2C12 myotube cells. LPS-MCM upregulated muscle atrophy genes and reduced glucose uptake, while ESS-MCM reversed these effects. RNA sequencing revealed changes in the immune system and cytokine transport pathways in ESS-treated macrophages. Protein analysis in ESS-MCM showed reduced levels of key muscle atrophy-related proteins, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1, and GDF-15. These proteins play crucial roles in muscle function. These findings highlight the intricate relationship between the macrophage transcriptome and their secreted factors in either impairing or enhancing skeletal muscle function. ESS treatment has the potential to reduce macrophage-derived cytokines, preserving skeletal muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heeyeon Ryu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, 599-1, Daeyeondong, Nam-Gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Hak Jeong
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Jin Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, 599-1, Daeyeondong, Nam-Gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjun Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, 599-1, Daeyeondong, Nam-Gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyo Jung
- Division of Biomedical Engineering and Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Korea
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes, PukyongNationalUniversity, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonggi Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, 599-1, Daeyeondong, Nam-Gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea.
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes, PukyongNationalUniversity, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea.
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Heitman K, Alexander MS, Faul C. Skeletal Muscle Injury in Chronic Kidney Disease-From Histologic Changes to Molecular Mechanisms and to Novel Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5117. [PMID: 38791164 PMCID: PMC11121428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with significant reductions in lean body mass and in the mass of various tissues, including skeletal muscle, which causes fatigue and contributes to high mortality rates. In CKD, the cellular protein turnover is imbalanced, with protein degradation outweighing protein synthesis, leading to a loss of protein and cell mass, which impairs tissue function. As CKD itself, skeletal muscle wasting, or sarcopenia, can have various origins and causes, and both CKD and sarcopenia share common risk factors, such as diabetes, obesity, and age. While these pathologies together with reduced physical performance and malnutrition contribute to muscle loss, they cannot explain all features of CKD-associated sarcopenia. Metabolic acidosis, systemic inflammation, insulin resistance and the accumulation of uremic toxins have been identified as additional factors that occur in CKD and that can contribute to sarcopenia. Here, we discuss the elevation of systemic phosphate levels, also called hyperphosphatemia, and the imbalance in the endocrine regulators of phosphate metabolism as another CKD-associated pathology that can directly and indirectly harm skeletal muscle tissue. To identify causes, affected cell types, and the mechanisms of sarcopenia and thereby novel targets for therapeutic interventions, it is important to first characterize the precise pathologic changes on molecular, cellular, and histologic levels, and to do so in CKD patients as well as in animal models of CKD, which we describe here in detail. We also discuss the currently known pathomechanisms and therapeutic approaches of CKD-associated sarcopenia, as well as the effects of hyperphosphatemia and the novel drug targets it could provide to protect skeletal muscle in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie Heitman
- Division of Nephrology and Section of Mineral Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Matthew S. Alexander
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children’s of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Civitan International Research Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Christian Faul
- Division of Nephrology and Section of Mineral Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
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Lee MH, Lee B, Park SE, Yang GE, Cheon S, Lee DH, Kang S, Sun YJ, Kim Y, Jung DS, Kim W, Kang J, Kim YR, Choi JW. Transcriptome-based deep learning analysis identifies drug candidates targeting protein synthesis and autophagy for the treatment of muscle wasting disorder. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:904-921. [PMID: 38556548 PMCID: PMC11059359 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01189-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, the progressive decline in skeletal muscle mass and function, is observed in various conditions, including cancer and aging. The complex molecular biology of sarcopenia has posed challenges for the development of FDA-approved medications, which have mainly focused on dietary supplementation. Targeting a single gene may not be sufficient to address the broad range of processes involved in muscle loss. This study analyzed the gene expression signatures associated with cancer formation and 5-FU chemotherapy-induced muscle wasting. Our findings suggest that dimenhydrinate, a combination of 8-chlorotheophylline and diphenhydramine, is a potential therapeutic for sarcopenia. In vitro experiments demonstrated that dimenhydrinate promotes muscle progenitor cell proliferation through the phosphorylation of Nrf2 by 8-chlorotheophylline and promotes myotube formation through diphenhydramine-induced autophagy. Furthermore, in various in vivo sarcopenia models, dimenhydrinate induced rapid muscle tissue regeneration. It improved muscle regeneration in animals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and facilitated muscle and fat recovery in animals with chemotherapy-induced sarcopenia. As an FDA-approved drug, dimenhydrinate could be applied for sarcopenia treatment after a relatively short development period, providing hope for individuals suffering from this debilitating condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hak Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Regulatory Innovation Through Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Bada Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Eun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Eul Yang
- Center for Research and Development, Oncocross Ltd, Seoul, 04168, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwoo Cheon
- Center for Research and Development, Oncocross Ltd, Seoul, 04168, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukyeong Kang
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Ji Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Regulatory Innovation Through Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjin Kim
- Center for Research and Development, Oncocross Ltd, Seoul, 04168, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Sub Jung
- Center for Research and Development, Oncocross Ltd, Seoul, 04168, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonwoo Kim
- Center for Research and Development, Oncocross Ltd, Seoul, 04168, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Kang
- Center for Research and Development, Oncocross Ltd, Seoul, 04168, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Rang Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Regulatory Innovation Through Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Research and Development, Oncocross Ltd, Seoul, 04168, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Woo Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Regulatory Innovation Through Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Kaur N, Gupta P, Dutt V, Sharma O, Gupta S, Dua A, Injeti E, Mittal A. Cinnamaldehyde attenuates TNF-α induced skeletal muscle loss in C2C12 myotubes via regulation of protein synthesis, proteolysis, oxidative stress and inflammation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 753:109922. [PMID: 38341069 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation is the primary driver of skeletal muscle wasting, with oxidative stress serving as both a major consequence and a contributor to its deleterious effects. In this regard, regulation of both can efficiently prevent atrophy and thus will increase the rate of survival [1]. With this idea, we hypothesize that preincubation of Cinnamaldehyde (CNA), a known compound with anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, may be able to prevent skeletal muscle loss. To examine the same, C2C12 post-differentiated myotubes were treated with 25 ng/ml Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the presence or absence of 50 μM CNA. The data showed that TNF-α mediated myotube thinning and a lower fusion index were prevented by CNA supplementation 4 h before TNF-α treatment. Moreover, a lower level of ROS and thus maintained antioxidant defense system further underlines the antioxidative function of CNA in atrophic conditions. CNA preincubation also inhibited an increase in the level of inflammatory cytokines and thus led to a lower level of inflammation even in the presence of TNF-α. With decreased oxidative stress and inflammation by CNA, it was able to maintain the intracellular level of injury markers (CK, LDH) and SDH activity of mitochondria. In addition, CNA modulates all five proteolytic systems [cathepsin-L, UPS (atrogin-1), calpain, LC3, beclin] simultaneously with an upregulation of Akt/mTOR pathway, in turn, preserves the muscle-specific proteins (MHCf) from degradation by TNF-α. Altogether, our study exhibits attenuation of muscle loss and provides insight into the possible mechanism of action of CNA in curbing TNF-α induced muscle loss, specifically its effect on proteolysis and protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmaljeet Kaur
- Skeletal Muscle Lab, Institute of Integrated & Honors Studies, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Prachi Gupta
- Skeletal Muscle Lab, Institute of Integrated & Honors Studies, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Vikas Dutt
- Skeletal Muscle Lab, Institute of Integrated & Honors Studies, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Onkar Sharma
- Skeletal Muscle Lab, Institute of Integrated & Honors Studies, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Sanjeev Gupta
- Skeletal Muscle Lab, Institute of Integrated & Honors Studies, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Anita Dua
- Skeletal Muscle Lab, Institute of Integrated & Honors Studies, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Elisha Injeti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cedarville University, School of Pharmacy, Cedarville, OH, USA
| | - Ashwani Mittal
- Skeletal Muscle Lab, Institute of Integrated & Honors Studies, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India.
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Wang X, Wang Z, He J. Similarities and Differences of Vascular Calcification in Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:165-192. [PMID: 38222032 PMCID: PMC10788067 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s438618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Presently, the mechanism of occurrence and development of vascular calcification (VC) is not fully understood; a range of evidence suggests a positive association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and VC. Furthermore, the increasing burden of central vascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) may be due, at least in part, to VC. In this review, we will review recent advances in the mechanisms of VC in the context of CKD and diabetes. The study further unveiled that VC is induced through the stimulation of pro-inflammatory factors, which in turn impairs endothelial function and triggers similar mechanisms in both disease contexts. Notably, hyperglycemia was identified as the distinctive mechanism driving calcification in DM. Conversely, in CKD, calcification is facilitated by mechanisms including mineral metabolism imbalance and the presence of uremic toxins. Additionally, we underscore the significance of investigating vascular alterations and newly identified molecular pathways as potential avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiabo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianqiang He
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People’s Republic of China
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Di Credico A, Gaggi G, Izzicupo P, Vitucci D, Buono P, Di Baldassarre A, Ghinassi B. Betaine Treatment Prevents TNF-α-Mediated Muscle Atrophy by Restoring Total Protein Synthesis Rate and Morphology in Cultured Myotubes. J Histochem Cytochem 2023; 71:199-209. [PMID: 37013268 PMCID: PMC10149894 DOI: 10.1369/00221554231165326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is represented by a dramatic decrease in muscle mass, and it is related to a lower life expectancy. Among the different causes, chronic inflammation and cancer promote protein loss through the effect of inflammatory cytokines, leading to muscle shrinkage. Thus, the availability of safe methods to counteract inflammation-derived atrophy is of high interest. Betaine is a methyl derivate of glycine and it is an important methyl group donor in transmethylation. Recently, some studies found that betaine could promote muscle growth, and it is also involved in anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Our hypothesis was that betaine would be able to prevent tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-mediated muscle atrophy in vitro. We treated differentiated C2C12 myotubes for 72 hr with either TNF-α, betaine, or a combination of them. After the treatment, we analyzed total protein synthesis, gene expression, and myotube morphology. Betaine treatment blunted the decrease in muscle protein synthesis rate exerted by TNF-α, and upregulated Mhy1 gene expression in both control and myotube treated with TNF-α. In addition, morphological analysis revealed that myotubes treated with both betaine and TNF-α did not show morphological features of TNF-α-mediated atrophy. We demonstrated that in vitro betaine supplementation counteracts the muscle atrophy led by inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Di Credico
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Reprogramming and Cell Differentiation Lab, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giulia Gaggi
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Reprogramming and Cell Differentiation Lab, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, Chieti, Italy
| | - Pascal Izzicupo
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Daniela Vitucci
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellness, University Parthenope, Napoli, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Napoli, Italy
| | - Pasqualina Buono
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellness, University Parthenope, Napoli, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Napoli, Italy
| | - Angela Di Baldassarre
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Reprogramming and Cell Differentiation Lab, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, Chieti, Italy
| | - Barbara Ghinassi
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Reprogramming and Cell Differentiation Lab, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, Chieti, Italy
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Tu H, Li YL. Inflammation balance in skeletal muscle damage and repair. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1133355. [PMID: 36776867 PMCID: PMC9909416 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1133355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Responding to tissue injury, skeletal muscles undergo the tissue destruction and reconstruction accompanied with inflammation. The immune system recognizes the molecules released from or exposed on the damaged tissue. In the local minor tissue damage, tissue-resident macrophages sequester pro-inflammatory debris to prevent initiation of inflammation. In most cases of the skeletal muscle injury, however, a cascade of inflammation will be initiated through activation of local macrophages and mast cells and recruitment of immune cells from blood circulation to the injured site by recongnization of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and activated complement system. During the inflammation, macrophages and neutrophils scavenge the tissue debris to release inflammatory cytokines and the latter stimulates myoblast fusion and vascularization to promote injured muscle repair. On the other hand, an abundance of released inflammatory cytokines and chemokines causes the profound hyper-inflammation and mobilization of immune cells to trigger a vicious cycle and lead to the cytokine storm. The cytokine storm results in the elevation of cytolytic and cytotoxic molecules and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the damaged muscle to aggravates the tissue injury, including the healthy bystander tissue. Severe inflammation in the skeletal muscle can lead to rhabdomyolysis and cause sepsis-like systemic inflammation response syndrome (SIRS) and remote organ damage. Therefore, understanding more details on the involvement of inflammatory factors and immune cells in the skeletal muscle damage and repair can provide the new precise therapeutic strategies, including attenuation of the muscle damage and promotion of the muscle repair.
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9
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Thoma A, Earl KE, Goljanek-Whysall K, Lightfoot AP. Major histocompatibility complex I-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress mediates the secretion of pro-inflammatory muscle-derived cytokines. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:6032-6041. [PMID: 36426551 PMCID: PMC9753450 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I is an important component of intracellular antigen presentation. However, improper expression of MHC I upon the cell surface has been associated with several autoimmune diseases. Myositis is a rare acquired autoimmune disease which targets skeletal muscle, and MHC I overexpression on the surface of muscle fibres and immune cell infiltration are clinical hallmarks. MHC I overexpression may have an important pathogenic role, mediated by the activation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. Given the evidence that muscle is a diverse source of cytokines, we aimed to investigate whether MHC I overexpression can modify the profile of muscle-derived cytokines and what role the ER stress pathway may play. Using C2C12 myoblasts we overexpressed MHC I with a H-2kb vector in the presence or absence of salubrinal an ER stress pathway modifying compound. MHC I overexpression induced ER stress pathway activation and elevated cytokine gene expression. MHC I overexpression caused significant release of cytokines and chemokines, which was attenuated in the presence of salubrinal. Conditioned media from MHC I overexpressing cells induced in vitro T-cell chemotaxis, atrophy of healthy myotubes and modified mitochondrial function, features which were attenuated in the presence of salubrinal. Collectively, these data suggest that MHC I overexpression can induce pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine release from C2C12 myoblasts, a process which appears to be mediated in-part by the ER stress pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Thoma
- Musculoskeletal Science & Sports Medicine Research Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.,Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Kate E Earl
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Katarzyna Goljanek-Whysall
- Institute for Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Adam P Lightfoot
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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Silva CC, Bichara CNC, Carneiro FRO, Palacios VRDCM, den Berg AVSV, Quaresma JAS, Magno Falcão LF. Muscle dysfunction in the long coronavirus disease 2019 syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical approach. Rev Med Virol 2022; 32:e2355. [PMID: 35416359 PMCID: PMC9111061 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In long coronavirus disease 2019 (long COVID-19), involvement of the musculoskeletal system is characterised by the persistence or appearance of symptoms such as fatigue, muscle weakness, myalgia, and decline in physical and functional performance, even at 4 weeks after the onset of acute symptoms of COVID-19. Muscle injury biomarkers are altered during the acute phase of the disease. The cellular damage and hyperinflammatory state induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may contribute to the persistence of symptoms, hypoxaemia, mitochondrial damage, and dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system. In addition, the occurrence of cerebrovascular diseases, involvement of the peripheral nervous system, and harmful effects of hospitalisation, such as the use of drugs, immobility, and weakness acquired in the intensive care unit, all aggravate muscle damage. Here, we review the multifactorial mechanisms of muscle tissue injury, aggravating conditions, and associated sequelae in long COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Costa Silva
- Center for Biological and Health SciencesState University of ParaBelémBrazil
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11
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LIM CHANGHYUN, NUNES EVERSONA, CURRIER BRADS, MCLEOD JONATHANC, THOMAS AARONCQ, PHILLIPS STUARTM. An Evidence-Based Narrative Review of Mechanisms of Resistance Exercise-Induced Human Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:1546-1559. [PMID: 35389932 PMCID: PMC9390238 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle plays a critical role in physical function and metabolic health. Muscle is a highly adaptable tissue that responds to resistance exercise (RE; loading) by hypertrophying, or during muscle disuse, RE mitigates muscle loss. Resistance exercise training (RET)-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy is a product of external (e.g., RE programming, diet, some supplements) and internal variables (e.g., mechanotransduction, ribosomes, gene expression, satellite cells activity). RE is undeniably the most potent nonpharmacological external variable to stimulate the activation/suppression of internal variables linked to muscular hypertrophy or countering disuse-induced muscle loss. Here, we posit that despite considerable research on the impact of external variables on RET and hypertrophy, internal variables (i.e., inherent skeletal muscle biology) are dominant in regulating the extent of hypertrophy in response to external stimuli. Thus, identifying the key internal skeletal muscle-derived variables that mediate the translation of external RE variables will be pivotal to determining the most effective strategies for skeletal muscle hypertrophy in healthy persons. Such work will aid in enhancing function in clinical populations, slowing functional decline, and promoting physical mobility. We provide up-to-date, evidence-based perspectives of the mechanisms regulating RET-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- CHANGHYUN LIM
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, CANADA
| | - EVERSON A. NUNES
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, CANADA
- Department of Physiological Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa-Catarina, BRAZIL
| | - BRAD S. CURRIER
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, CANADA
| | - JONATHAN C. MCLEOD
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, CANADA
| | - AARON C. Q. THOMAS
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, CANADA
| | - STUART M. PHILLIPS
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, CANADA
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12
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Maina AN, Thanabalan A, Gasarabwe J, Mohammadigheisar M, Schulze H, Kiarie EG. Enzymatically treated yeast bolstered growth performance of broiler chicks from young broiler breeders linked to improved indices of intestinal function, integrity, and immunity. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102175. [PMID: 36228526 PMCID: PMC9573925 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Older breeder chicks (OBC) are heavier and robust at hatch than younger breeder chicks (YBC). However, the implications of broiler breeder age on chick intestinal function and the role of functional feedstuffs are unexplored. We evaluated the effects of broiler breeder age and the impact of feeding YBC enzymatically treated yeast on growth, nutrient utilization, and indices of intestinal function. Fertile Ross 708 eggs: 2,250 (56.5 ± 3.4g) from 30-wk-old (YBC) and 550 (64.2 ± 4.2 g) from 47-wk-old (OBC) were hatched and placed in 48 pens (44 chicks/pen) containing equal males and females for growth and intestinal function evaluation and 36 cages (5 chicks/cage) for metabolizable energy (AME). Five corn and soybean meal-based diets were formulated to contain 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, and 0.40% HY40 for a 3-phase feeding program (starter: days 0–10, grower: days 11–24, and finisher; days 25–42). Grower phase diets also contained a 0.3% TiO2 indigestible marker. The diets were allocated within YBC in a completely randomized block design (n = 8 for pens; n = 6 for cages). The OBC were fed a 0% yeast diet. Feed and water were provided freely; BW and feed intake were monitored, and excreta samples were collected on days 17 to 21 for apparent retention (AR). Birds were necropsied for plasma, jejunal tissues, organs weight, and ceca digesta. The OBC were heavier (P < 0.01) than YBC at hatch. Final BW of OBC and YBC fed, ≥0.10% yeast, was similar (P > 0.05). The OBC had similar FCR (P > 0.05) to YBC fed 0 to 0.10% yeast but higher (P = 0.003) than for YBC fed ≥0.20% yeast. Jejunal villi height to crypt depth ratio (VCR) and IgA were higher in OBC than 0% yeast (P = 0.01). Yeast increased VCR, bursa weight, jejunal, and plasma IgA (P = 0.01). The YBC fed ≥0.10% yeast had higher (P < 0.05) AR of crude protein, and gross energy than OBC and YBC fed 0 or 0.05% yeast. In conclusion, yeast improved YBC performance to the level of OBC linked to improved intestinal function, integrity, and immunity.
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13
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Can Biological Drugs Diminish the Risk of Sarcopenia in Psoriatic Patients? Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030435. [PMID: 35330186 PMCID: PMC8952562 DOI: 10.3390/life12030435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia and psoriasis are different inflammatory diseases that share common comorbidities (e.g., cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, obesity, autoimmune diseases, depression). Psoriasis is a dermatosis involving the skin, joints, and nails. Its estimated prevalence is 2–4%, and the possibility of progression to psoriatic arthritis reaches 6–42%. Sarcopenia is defined as reduced muscle strength, muscle quantity, and physical performance due to non-ageing related causes. It affects up to 10% of the general population. We conducted a review of the literature to provide up-to-date information about the risk of sarcopenia in psoriasis and to identify risk factors that increase this risk. The search of the literature allowed us to include 51 publications, but only five cross-sectional studies provided quantitative results on the rates of sarcopenia in psoriasis. The prevalence of sarcopenia in psoriasis varied from 9.1% to 61.7%. This wide range was caused by different definitions of sarcopenia and different cut-off values across studies. Prognostic factors include lean mass and fat mass. Further research based on the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People guidelines is required. Such studies should include not only muscle mass and strength but also other factors that may influence the occurrence of sarcopenia and inflammatory markers.
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14
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Di Girolamo FG, Fiotti N, Sisto UG, Nunnari A, Colla S, Mearelli F, Vinci P, Schincariol P, Biolo G. Skeletal Muscle in Hypoxia and Inflammation: Insights on the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Nutr 2022; 9:865402. [PMID: 35529457 PMCID: PMC9072827 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.865402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection is often associated with severe inflammation, oxidative stress, hypoxia and impaired physical activity. These factors all together contribute to muscle wasting and fatigue. In addition, there is evidence of a direct SARS-CoV-2 viral infiltration into skeletal muscle. Aging is often characterized by sarcopenia or sarcopenic obesity These conditions are risk factors for severe acute COVID-19 and long-COVID-19 syndrome. From these observations we may predict a strong association between COVID-19 and decreased muscle mass and functions. While the relationship between physical inactivity, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress and muscle dysfunction is well-known, the effects on muscle mass of COVID-19-related hypoxemia are inadequately investigated. The aim of this review is to highlight metabolic, immunity-related and redox biomarkers potentially affected by reduced oxygen availability and/or muscle fatigue in order to shed light on the negative impact of COVID-19 on muscle mass and function. Possible countermeasures are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo G. Di Girolamo
- Department of Medical Surgical ad Health Science, Clinica Medica, Cattinara Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- SC Assistenza Farmaceutica, Cattinara Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Trieste, Italy
- *Correspondence: Filippo G. Di Girolamo
| | - Nicola Fiotti
- Department of Medical Surgical ad Health Science, Clinica Medica, Cattinara Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ugo G. Sisto
- Department of Medical Surgical ad Health Science, Clinica Medica, Cattinara Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessio Nunnari
- Department of Medical Surgical ad Health Science, Clinica Medica, Cattinara Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefano Colla
- SC Assistenza Farmaceutica, Cattinara Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Trieste, Italy
| | - Filippo Mearelli
- Department of Medical Surgical ad Health Science, Clinica Medica, Cattinara Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Pierandrea Vinci
- Department of Medical Surgical ad Health Science, Clinica Medica, Cattinara Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Schincariol
- SC Assistenza Farmaceutica, Cattinara Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianni Biolo
- Department of Medical Surgical ad Health Science, Clinica Medica, Cattinara Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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15
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Strategies to Prevent Sarcopenia in the Aging Process: Role of Protein Intake and Exercise. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010052. [PMID: 35010928 PMCID: PMC8746908 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is one of the main issues associated with the process of aging. Characterized by muscle mass loss, it is triggered by several conditions, including sedentary habits and negative net protein balance. According to World Health Organization, it is expected a 38% increase in older individuals by 2025. Therefore, it is noteworthy to establish recommendations to prevent sarcopenia and several events and comorbidities associated with this health issue condition. In this review, we discuss the role of these factors, prevention strategies, and recommendations, with a focus on protein intake and exercise.
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16
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Liu X, Zu E, Chang X, Ma X, Wang Z, Song X, Li X, Yu Q, Kamei KI, Hayashi T, Mizuno K, Hattori S, Fujisaki H, Ikejima T, Wang DO. Bi-phasic effect of gelatin in myogenesis and skeletal muscle regeneration. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:273524. [PMID: 34821368 PMCID: PMC8713995 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration requires extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, including an acute and transient breakdown of collagen that produces gelatin. Although the physiological function of this process is unclear, it has inspired the application of gelatin to injured skeletal muscle for a potential pro-regenerative effect. Here, we investigated a bi-phasic effect of gelatin in skeletal muscle regeneration, mediated by the hormetic effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Low-dose gelatin stimulated ROS production from NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) and simultaneously upregulated the antioxidant system for cellular defense, reminiscent of the adaptive compensatory process during mild stress. This response triggered the release of the myokine IL-6, which stimulates myogenesis and facilitates muscle regeneration. By contrast, high-dose gelatin stimulated ROS overproduction from NOX2 and the mitochondrial chain complex, and ROS accumulation by suppressing the antioxidant system, triggering the release of TNFα, which inhibits myogenesis and regeneration. Our results have revealed a bi-phasic role of gelatin in regulating skeletal muscle repair mediated by intracellular ROS, the antioxidant system and cytokine (IL-6 and TNFα) signaling. Summary: Application of high- and low-dose gelatin to skeletal muscle revealed a bi-phasic role of gelatin in regulating skeletal muscle repair, which has translational implications for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Er Zu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xinyu Chang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Ziqi Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xintong Song
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiangru Li
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutic, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qing Yu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ken-Ichiro Kamei
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Science (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-850, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Hayashi
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.,Department of Chemistry and Life Science, School of Advance Engineering, Kogakuin University, 2665-1, Nakanomachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan.,Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki 302-0017, Japan
| | - Kazunori Mizuno
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki 302-0017, Japan
| | - Shunji Hattori
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki 302-0017, Japan
| | - Hitomi Fujisaki
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki 302-0017, Japan
| | - Takashi Ikejima
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.,Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research and Development, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Dan Ohtan Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.,Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
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17
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Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a classical, pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine. It is also the first 'adipokine' described to be produced from adipose tissue, regulated in obesity and proposed to contribute to obesity-associated metabolic disease. In this review, we provide an overview of TNF in the context of metabolic inflammation or metaflammation, its discovery as a metabolic messenger, its sites and mechanisms of action and some critical considerations for future research. Although we focus on TNF and the studies that elucidated its immunometabolic actions, we highlight a conceptual framework, generated by these studies, that is equally applicable to the complex network of pro-inflammatory signals, their biological activity and their integration with metabolic regulation, and to the field of immunometabolism more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaswinder K Sethi
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - Gökhan S Hotamisligil
- Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard-MIT Broad Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- The Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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18
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Manian V, Orozco-Sandoval J, Diaz-Martinez V. An Integrative Network Science and Artificial Intelligence Drug Repurposing Approach for Muscle Atrophy in Spaceflight Microgravity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:732370. [PMID: 34604234 PMCID: PMC8481783 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.732370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle atrophy is a side effect of several terrestrial diseases which also affects astronauts severely in space missions due to the reduced gravity in spaceflight. An integrative graph-theoretic network-based drug repurposing methodology quantifying the interplay of key gene regulations and protein-protein interactions in muscle atrophy conditions is presented. Transcriptomic datasets from mice in spaceflight from GeneLab have been extensively mined to extract the key genes that cause muscle atrophy in organ muscle tissues such as the thymus, liver, and spleen. Top muscle atrophy gene regulators are selected by Bayesian Markov blanket method and gene-disease knowledge graph is constructed using the scalable precision medicine knowledge engine. A deep graph neural network is trained for predicting links in the network. The top ranked diseases are identified and drugs are selected for repurposing using drug bank resource. A disease drug knowledge graph is constructed and the graph neural network is trained for predicting new drugs. The results are compared with machine learning methods such as random forest, and gradient boosting classifiers. Network measure based methods shows that preferential attachment has good performance for link prediction in both the gene-disease and disease-drug graphs. The receiver operating characteristic curves, and prediction accuracies for each method show that the random walk similarity measure and deep graph neural network outperforms the other methods. Several key target genes identified by the graph neural network are associated with diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and neural disorders. The novel link prediction approach applied to the disease drug knowledge graph identifies the Monoclonal Antibodies drug therapy as suitable candidate for drug repurposing for spaceflight induced microgravity. There are a total of 21 drugs identified as possible candidates for treating muscle atrophy. Graph neural network is a promising deep learning architecture for link prediction from gene-disease, and disease-drug networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Manian
- Laboratory for Applied Remote Sensing, Imaging, and Photonics, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR, United States
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19
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Pérez DJ, Patiño EB, Orozco J. Electrochemical Nanobiosensors as Point‐of‐Care Testing Solution to Cytokines Measurement Limitations. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David J. Pérez
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering University of Antioquia Complejo Ruta N Calle 67, N° 52–20 050010 Medellín Colombia
- Grupo de Bioquímica Estructural de Macromoléculas Chemistry Institute University of Antioquia Lab 1–314 Calle 67, N° 53–108 050010 Medellín Colombia
| | - Edwin B. Patiño
- Grupo de Bioquímica Estructural de Macromoléculas Chemistry Institute University of Antioquia Lab 1–314 Calle 67, N° 53–108 050010 Medellín Colombia
| | - Jahir Orozco
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering University of Antioquia Complejo Ruta N Calle 67, N° 52–20 050010 Medellín Colombia
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20
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Lee MK, Choi YH, Nam TJ. Pyropia yezoensis protein protects against TNF‑α‑induced myotube atrophy in C2C12 myotubes via the NF‑κB signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:486. [PMID: 33955507 PMCID: PMC8127067 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein extracted from red algae Pyropia yezoensis has various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, and antiobesity properties. However, the effects of P. yezoensis protein (PYCP) on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced muscle atrophy are unknown. Therefore, the present study investigated the protective effects and related mechanisms of PYCP against TNF-α-induced myotube atrophy in C2C12 myotubes. Treatment with TNF-α (20 ng/ml) for 48 h significantly reduced myotube viability and diameter and increased intracellular reactive oxygen species levels; these effects were significantly reversed in a dose-dependent manner following treatment with 25–100 µg/ml PYCP. PYCP inhibited the expression of TNF receptor-1 in TNF-α-induced myotubes. In addition, PYCP markedly downregulated the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) by inhibiting the phosphorylation of inhibitor of κB. Furthermore, PYCP treatment suppressed 20S proteasome activity, IL-6 production, and the expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligases, atrogin-1/muscle atrophy F-box and muscle RING-finger protein-1. Finally, PYCP treatment increased the protein expression levels of myoblast determination protein 1 and myogenin in TNF-α-induced myotubes. The present findings indicate that PYCP may protect against TNF-α-induced myotube atrophy by inhibiting the proinflammatory NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyeong Lee
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 46041, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Hee Choi
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 46041, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Jeong Nam
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 46041, Republic of Korea
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21
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Kim Y. Emerging Treatment Options for Sarcopenia in Chronic Liver Disease. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11030250. [PMID: 33803020 PMCID: PMC8002763 DOI: 10.3390/life11030250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is characterized by a skeletal muscle disorder with progressive and generalized loss of muscle mass and function, and it increases the risk of adverse outcomes with considerable prevalence in patients with chronic liver disease. Sarcopenia in chronic liver disease underlies complicated and multifactorial mechanisms for pathogenesis, including alterations in protein turnover, hyperammonemia, energy disposal, hormonal changes, and chronic inflammation. The key contribution to sarcopenia in patients with chronic liver diseases can be the hyperammonemia-induced upregulation of myostatin, which causes muscle atrophy via the expression of atrophy-related genes. Several clinical studies on emerging treatment options for sarcopenia have been reported, but only a few have focused on patients with chronic liver diseases, with mostly nutritional and behavioral interventions being carried out. The inhibition of the myostatin-activin receptor signaling pathway and hormonal therapy might be the most promising therapeutic options in combination with an ammonia-lowering approach in sarcopenic patients with chronic liver diseases. This review focuses on current and emerging treatment options for sarcopenia in chronic liver diseases with underlying mechanisms to counteract this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Kim
- Hanyang Medicine-Engineering-Bio Collaborative & Comprehensive Center for Drug Development, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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22
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Zhou Y, Fan R, Botchway BOA, Zhang Y, Liu X. Infliximab Can Improve Traumatic Brain Injury by Suppressing the Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2803-2811. [PMID: 33501626 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02293-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has both high morbidity and mortality rates and can negatively influence physical and mental health, while also causing extreme burden to both individual and society. Hitherto, there is no effective treatment for TBI because of the complexity of the brain anatomy and physiology. Currently, management strategies mainly focus on controlling inflammation after TBI. Tumor necrotizing factor alpha (TNF-α) plays a crucial role in neuroinflammation post-TBI. TNF-α acts as the initiator of downstream inflammatory signaling pathways, and its activation can trigger a series of inflammatory reactions. Infliximab is a monoclonal anti-TNF-α antibody that reduces inflammation. Herein, we review the latest findings pertaining to the role of TNF-α and infliximab in TBI. We seek to present a comprehensive clinical application prospect of infliximab in TBI and, thus, discuss potential strategies of infliximab in treating TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiru Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing City, China
| | - Ruihua Fan
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing City, China
| | - Benson O A Botchway
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing City, China
| | - Xuehong Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing City, China.
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23
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Mann G, Adegoke OAJ. Effects of ketoisocaproic acid and inflammation on glucose transport in muscle cells. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14673. [PMID: 33400857 PMCID: PMC7785050 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are regulators of protein metabolism. However, elevated levels of BCAAs and their metabolites are linked to insulin resistance. We previously demonstrated that the leucine metabolite, α-ketoisocaproate (KIC), inhibited insulin-stimulated glucose transport in myotubes. Like KIC, inflammatory factors are implicated in the development of insulin resistance. Here, we analyzed the effect of KIC and inflammatory factors (homocysteine [50 μM], TNF-α [10 ng/ml], and interleukin 6 (IL-6) [10 ng/ml]) on myotubes. Although KIC suppressed insulin-stimulated glucose transport, addition of the inflammatory factors did not worsen this effect. Depletion of branched-chain aminotransferase 2, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of leucine into KIC, abrogated the effect of KIC and the inflammatory factors. The effect of insulin on AKTS473 and S6K1T389 phosphorylation was not modified by treatments. There were no treatment effects on glycogen synthase phosphorylation. Depletion of E1α subunit of branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase, the enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of KIC, suppressed insulin-stimulated glucose transport, especially in cells incubated in KIC. Thus, defects in BCAA catabolism are contributory to insulin resistance of glucose transport in myotubes, especially in the presence of KIC. Interventions that increase BCAA catabolism may promote muscle glucose utilization and improve insulin resistance and its sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Mann
- Kinesiology and Health Science and Muscle Health Research CentreYork UniversityTorontoONCanada
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24
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Oxfeldt M, Dalgaard LB, Jørgensen EB, Johansen FT, Dalgaard EB, Ørtenblad N, Hansen M. Molecular markers of skeletal muscle hypertrophy following 10 wk of resistance training in oral contraceptive users and nonusers. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 129:1355-1364. [PMID: 33054662 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00562.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to determine whether skeletal muscle molecular markers and SC number were influenced differently in users and nonusers of oral contraceptives (OCs) following 10 wk of resistance training. Thirty-eight young healthy untrained users (n = 20) and nonusers of OC (n = 18) completed a 10-wk supervised progressive resistance training program. Before and after the intervention, a muscle tissue sample was obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle for analysis of muscle fiber cross-sectional area (fCSA) and satellite cell (SC) and myonuclei number using immunohistochemistry, gene expression using PCR, protein expression, and myosin heavy chain composition. Following the training period, quadriceps fCSA (P < 0.05), SCs/type I fiber (P = 0.05), and MURF-1 mRNA (P < 0.01) were significantly increased with no difference between the groups. However, SCs/total fiber and SCs/type II fiber increased in OC users only, and SCs/type II fCSA tended (P = 0.055) to be greater in the OC users. Furthermore, in OC users there were a fiber type shift from myosin heavy chain (MHC) IIx to MHC IIa (P < 0.01), and expression of muscle regulatory factor 4 (MRF4) mRNA (P < 0.001) was significantly greater than in non-OC users. Use of second-generation OCs in young untrained women increased skeletal muscle MRF4 expression and SC number following 10 wk of resistance training compared with nonusers.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The effect of oral contraceptive use on the skeletal muscle regulatory pathways in response to resistance training has not been investigated previously. Here we present novel data, demonstrating that use of second-generation oral contraceptives in young untrained women increased skeletal muscle regulatory factor 4 expression and satellite cell number following 10 wk of resistance training compared with nonusers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Oxfeldt
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Emil Barner Dalgaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Diagnostic Centre, Silkeborg Regional Hospital, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Niels Ørtenblad
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mette Hansen
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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25
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Kirwan R, McCullough D, Butler T, Perez de Heredia F, Davies IG, Stewart C. Sarcopenia during COVID-19 lockdown restrictions: long-term health effects of short-term muscle loss. GeroScience 2020; 42:1547-1578. [PMID: 33001410 PMCID: PMC7528158 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is an extraordinary global emergency that has led to the implementation of unprecedented measures in order to stem the spread of the infection. Internationally, governments are enforcing measures such as travel bans, quarantine, isolation, and social distancing leading to an extended period of time at home. This has resulted in reductions in physical activity and changes in dietary intakes that have the potential to accelerate sarcopenia, a deterioration of muscle mass and function (more likely in older populations), as well as increases in body fat. These changes in body composition are associated with a number of chronic, lifestyle diseases including cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, osteoporosis, frailty, cognitive decline, and depression. Furthermore, CVD, diabetes, and elevated body fat are associated with greater risk of COVID-19 infection and more severe symptomology, underscoring the importance of avoiding the development of such morbidities. Here we review mechanisms of sarcopenia and their relation to the current data on the effects of COVID-19 confinement on physical activity, dietary habits, sleep, and stress as well as extended bed rest due to COVID-19 hospitalization. The potential of these factors to lead to an increased likelihood of muscle loss and chronic disease will be discussed. By offering a number of home-based strategies including resistance exercise, higher protein intakes and supplementation, we can potentially guide public health authorities to avoid a lifestyle disease and rehabilitation crisis post-COVID-19. Such strategies may also serve as useful preventative measures for reducing the likelihood of sarcopenia in general and in the event of future periods of isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Kirwan
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Deaglan McCullough
- Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Tom Butler
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Chester, Chester, UK.
| | - Fatima Perez de Heredia
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ian G Davies
- Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Claire Stewart
- Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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IL-1β and TNF-α Modulation of Proliferated and Committed Myoblasts: IL-6 and COX-2-Derived Prostaglandins as Key Actors in the Mechanisms Involved. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092005. [PMID: 32882817 PMCID: PMC7564831 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α on the proliferation and commitment phases of myoblast differentiation. C2C12 mouse myoblast cells were cultured to reach a proliferated or committed status and were incubated with these cytokines for the evaluation of cell proliferation, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression, release of prostaglandins (PGs) and myokines, and activation of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs). We found that inhibition of the IL-6 receptor reduced IL-1β- and TNF-α-induced cell proliferation, and that the IL-1β effect also involved COX-2-derived PGs. Both cytokines modulated the release of the myokines myostatin, irisin, osteonectin, and IL-15. TNF-α and IL-6 reduced the activity of Pax7 in proliferated cells and reduced MyoD and myogenin activity at both proliferative and commitment stages. Otherwise, IL-1β increased myogenin activity only in committed cells. Our data reveal a key role of IL-6 and COX-2-derived PGs in IL-1β and TNF-α-induced myoblast proliferation and support the link between TNF-α and IL-6 and the activation of MRFs. We concluded that IL-1β and TNF-α induce similar effects at the initial stages of muscle regeneration but found critical differences between their effects with the progression of the process, bringing new insights into inflammatory signalling in skeletal muscle regeneration.
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27
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Yu Y, Zhao L, Xie Y, Xu Y, Jiao W, Wu J, Deng X, Fang G, Xue Q, Zheng Y, Gao Z. Th1/Th17 Cytokine Profiles are Associated with Disease Severity and Exacerbation Frequency in COPD Patients. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2020; 15:1287-1299. [PMID: 32606639 PMCID: PMC7294048 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s252097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background T helper (Th) cell cytokine imbalances have been associated with the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including the Th1/Th2 and Th17/T regulatory cells (Treg) paradigms. Clarifying cytokine profiles during COPD acute exacerbation (AE) and their relationships with clinical manifestations would help in understanding the pathogenesis of disease and improve clinical management. Materials and Methods Eighty seven patients admitted to the hospital with AEs of COPD were included in this study, and follow-up was conducted after discharge (every 30 days, for a total of 120 days). Sputum samples of patients at different time points (including at admission, discharge, and follow-up) were collected, and sputum cytokine profiling (12 cytokines in total) was performed using a Luminex assay. Results According to the cytokine profiles at admission, patients were divided into three clusters by a k-means clustering algorithm, namely, Th1high Th17high (n=26), Th1lowTh17low (n=56), and Th1high Th17low (n=5), which revealed distinct clinical characteristics. Patients with Th1high Th17low profile had a significantly longer length of non-invasive ventilation time and length of hospital stay than patients with Th1high Th17high profile (7 vs 0 days, 22 vs 11 days, respectively, p < 0.05), and had the highest AE frequency. Sputum levels of Th17 cytokines (IL-17A, IL-22, and IL-23) during AE were negatively correlated with AE frequency in the last 12 months (r = −0.258, −0.289 and −0.216, respectively, p < 0.05). Moreover, decreased sputum IL-17A levels were independently associated with increased AE frequency, with an OR (95% CI) of 0.975 (0.958–0.993) and p = 0.006. Conclusion Th1/Th17 imbalance during AE is associated with the severity of COPD. Decreased Th17 cytokine expression is correlated with increased AE frequency. The Th1/Th17 balance may be a specific target for the therapeutic manipulation of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Weike Jiao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ningde Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Ningde, Fujian 352100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhui Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ningde Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Ningde, Fujian 352100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Deng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ningde Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Ningde, Fujian 352100, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiju Fang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ningde Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Ningde, Fujian 352100, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Xue
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ningde Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Ningde, Fujian 352100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yali Zheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, People's Republic of China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xiang'An Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhancheng Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, People's Republic of China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xiang'An Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361100, People's Republic of China
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28
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Pablos A, Ceca D, Jorda A, Rivera P, Colmena C, Elvira L, Martínez-Arnau FM, Valles SL. Protective Effects of Foam Rolling against Inflammation and Notexin Induced Muscle Damage in Rats. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:71-81. [PMID: 31929740 PMCID: PMC6945557 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.37981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that high-intensity exercise can cause inflammation and damage in muscle tissue, and in recent years, physical therapists and fitness professionals have begun to use foam rolling as a recovery method to improve performance. Despite the lack of basic science studies to support or refute the efficacy of foam rolling, the technique is very widely used in the sports world. In this respect, we investigated whether foam rolling could attenuate muscle damage and inflammation. Female Wistar rats were assigned to control (C), foam rolling (FR), notexin without foam rolling (N) and notexin with foam rolling (NFR) groups. A 4.5 x 2 cm foam roller was used to massage their hind legs (two 60-second repetitions twice a day for 3 days). Motor function tests (Balance Beam Test and Grip strength) were used. We detected an increase in time and foot faults when crossing a beam in the N group compared to C and FR rats. In contrast, a significant decrease was detected in both tests in NFR compared to N rats. Muscle power was measured with a grip strength test and better performance was detected in NFR rats compared to N rats. Furthermore, an increase of pro-inflammatory proteins was noted in the N group, while there was a decrease in the NFR group. On the contrary, an increase in PPAR-γ (anti-inflammatory protein) in the NFR group compared to the N group demonstrates the anti-inflammatory properties of the foam rolling technique. In summary, applying foam rolling after damage has benefits such as an increase in anti-inflammatory proteins and a reduction of pro-inflammatory proteins, resulting in muscle recovery and better performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Pablos
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Diego Ceca
- Department of Education, Universidad Internacional de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Adrián Jorda
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Rivera
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Colmena
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Elvira
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco M Martínez-Arnau
- Faculty of Nursing, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain.,Departament of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Soraya L Valles
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Vogt I, Haffner D, Leifheit-Nestler M. FGF23 and Phosphate-Cardiovascular Toxins in CKD. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E647. [PMID: 31698866 PMCID: PMC6891626 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11110647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and phosphate are highly associated with increased cardiovascular disease and mortality in patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD). As the kidney function declines, serum phosphate levels rise and subsequently induce the secretion of the phosphaturic hormone FGF23. In early stages of CKD, FGF23 prevents the increase of serum phosphate levels and thereby attenuates phosphate-induced vascular calcification, whereas in end-stage kidney disease, FGF23 fails to maintain phosphate homeostasis. Both hyperphosphatemia and elevated FGF23 levels promote the development of hypertension, vascular calcification, and left ventricular hypertrophy by distinct mechanisms. Therefore, FGF23 and phosphate are considered promising therapeutic targets to improve the cardiovascular outcome in CKD patients. Previous therapeutic strategies are based on dietary and pharmacological reduction of serum phosphate, and consequently FGF23 levels. However, clinical trials proving the effects on the cardiovascular outcome are lacking. Recent publications provide evidence for new promising therapeutic interventions, such as magnesium supplementation and direct targeting of phosphate and FGF receptors to prevent toxicity of FGF23 and hyperphosphatemia in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maren Leifheit-Nestler
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (I.V.); (D.H.)
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30
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Tahaghoghi-Hajghorbani S, Ebrahimzadeh MA, Rafiei A, Golpour M, Hosseini-Khah Z, Akhtari J. Improvement of chemotherapy through reducing of cachexia by using Citrus unshiu peel extract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 242:111929. [PMID: 31054317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
.Colorectal cancer (CRC) is now one the fourth cause of mortality and morbidity due to cancer throughout the globe. Cachexia is more prevalent in patients with this cancer and has a negative effect on response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 could play a key role in cachexia. Moreover strong chemotherapy medications such as doxorubicin have complications such as toxicity and cachexia. Citrus unshiu Peel have been used as traditional herbal drugs for the treatment of cancer in traditional oriental medicine (TOM). Since its main components have anti-inflammatory effects, we evaluated the anti-cachexia activity in order to support the traditional usage of Citrus unshiu peel. Aim of the study; We aimed to assess the preventive or therapeutic effect of Citrus unshiu Peel Extract (CUPE) on cachexia by reducing of inflammatory cytokines in mice bearing C26 tumor. Also the contribution role of CUPE has evaluated on improvement of chemotherapy through reducing of inflammatory cytokines. Materials and Methods; The CUPE was prepared by Soxhlet extractor and quantitative and qualitative analysis of aqua extract was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). C26 tumor bearing BALB/c male mice were immunized with different formulation of oral Prophylactic-therapeutic CUPE and/or intraperitoneal doxorubicin and then were monitored for weight gain, food intake and tumor size throughout the study. On the 32nd day after tumor injection, inflammatory cytokines levels, IL6, TNF-α and IL-1β were evaluated by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Malondialdehyde- Thiobarbituric acid (MDA) levels were measured by standard method. Results; Oral administration of CUPE in both prophylactic and therapeutic formulation to C26 adenocarcinoma bearing mice reduced the weight loss, tumor volume, and serum MDA levels compared with untreated tumor-bearing mice and Doxorubicin (Dox) groups. Also, the combination therapy of (CUPE + Dox) leads to reducing the levels of serum IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β and tumor volume compared with untreated tumor-bearing mice and Dox groups. Serum MDA levels were considerably reduced by combination therapy of (CUPE + Dox) compared with Dox groups. Conclusions; These findings confirm the safety and efficacy of CUPE on C26 adenocarcinoma bearing mice as pure and adjuvant therapy, the results of which might be used in further human studies as a valuable natural anticancer agent alone or in combination with chemotherapy. Also the results showed that simultaneous application of CUPE and Dox leads to significant reduction of cachexia from the Dox chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tahaghoghi-Hajghorbani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - M A Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - A Rafiei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Molecular and Cell Biology Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - M Golpour
- Molecular and Cell Biology Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Z Hosseini-Khah
- Molecular and Cell Biology Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - J Akhtari
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Czaya B, Faul C. The Role of Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 in Inflammation and Anemia. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4195. [PMID: 31461904 PMCID: PMC6747522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), adverse outcomes such as systemic inflammation and anemia are contributing pathologies which increase the risks for cardiovascular mortality. Amongst these complications, abnormalities in mineral metabolism and the metabolic milieu are associated with chronic inflammation and iron dysregulation, and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a risk factor in this context. FGF23 is a bone-derived hormone that is essential for regulating vitamin D and phosphate homeostasis. In the early stages of CKD, serum FGF23 levels rise 1000-fold above normal values in an attempt to maintain normal phosphate levels. Despite this compensatory action, clinical CKD studies have demonstrated powerful and dose-dependent associations between FGF23 levels and higher risks for mortality. A prospective pathomechanism coupling elevated serum FGF23 levels with CKD-associated anemia and cardiovascular injury is its strong association with chronic inflammation. In this review, we will examine the current experimental and clinical evidence regarding the role of FGF23 in renal physiology as well as in the pathophysiology of CKD with an emphasis on chronic inflammation and anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Czaya
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Christian Faul
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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32
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Bottoni A, dos Anjos Garnes S, Lasakosvitsch F, Bottoni A. Sarcopenia: an overview and analysis of molecular mechanisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s41110-019-0097-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Abstract
Many diseases are related to age, among these neurodegeneration is particularly important. Alzheimer's disease Parkinson's and Glaucoma have many common pathogenic events including oxidative damage, Mitochondrial dysfunction, endothelial alterations and changes in the visual field. These are well known in the case of glaucoma, less in the case of neurodegeneration of the brain. Many other molecular aspects are common, such as the role of endoplasmic reticulum autophagy and neuronal apoptosis while others have been neglected due to lack of space such as inflammatory cytokine or miRNA. Moreover, the loss of specific neuronal populations, the induction of similar mechanisms of cell injury and the deposition of protein aggregates in specific anatomical areas are very similar events between these diseases. Intracellular and/or extracellular accumulation of protein aggregates is a key feature of many neurodegenerative disorders. The existence of abnormal protein aggregates has been documented in the RGCs of glaucomatous patients such as the anomalous Tau protein or the β-amyloid accumulations. Intra-cell catabolic processes also appear to be common in both glaucoma and neurodegeneration. They also help us to understand how the basis between these diseases is common and how the visual aspects can be a serious problem for those who are affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Claudio Saccà
- Department of Head/Neck Pathologies, St Martino Hospital, Ophthalmology Unit, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Carlo Alberto Cutolo
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Science, University of Genoa, Policlinico San Martino Hospital, Eye Clinic Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Rossi
- Department of Head/Neck Pathologies, St Martino Hospital, Ophthalmology Unit, Genoa, Italy
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Ask TF, Lugo RG, Sütterlin S. The Neuro-Immuno-Senescence Integrative Model (NISIM) on the Negative Association Between Parasympathetic Activity and Cellular Senescence. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:726. [PMID: 30369866 PMCID: PMC6194361 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There is evidence that accumulated senescent cells drive age-related pathologies, but the antecedents to the cellular stressors that induce senescence remain poorly understood. Previous research suggests that there is a relationship between shorter telomere length, an antecedent to cellular senescence, and psychological stress. Existing models do not sufficiently account for the specific pathways from which psychological stress regulation is converted into production of reactive oxygen species. We propose the neuro-immuno-senescence integrative model (NISIM) suggesting how vagally mediated heart rate variability (HRV) might be related to cellular senescence. Prefrontally modulated, and vagally mediated cortical influences on the autonomic nervous system, expressed as HRV, affects the immune system by adrenergic stimulation and cholinergic inhibition of cytokine production in macrophages and neutrophils. Previous findings indicate that low HRV is associated with increased production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α. IL-6 and TNF-α can activate the NFκB pathway, increasing production of reactive oxygen species that can cause DNA damage. Vagally mediated HRV has been related to an individual's ability to regulate stress, and is lower in people with shorter telomeres. Based on these previous findings, the NISIM suggest that the main pathway from psychological stress to individual differences in oxidative telomere damage originates in the neuroanatomical components that modulate HRV, and culminates in the cytokine-induced activation of NFκB. Accumulated senescent cells in the brain is hypothesized to promote age-related neurodegenerative disease, and previous reports suggest an association between low HRV and onset of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Accumulating senescent cells in peripheral tissues secreting senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors can alter tissue structure and function which can induce cancer and promote tumor growth and metastasis in old age, and previous research suggested that ability to regulate psychological stress has a negative association with cancer onset. We therefore conclude that the NISIM can account for a large proportion of the individual differences in the psychological stress-related antecedents to cellular senescence, and suggest that it can be useful in providing a dynamic framework for understanding the pathways by which psychological stress induce pathologies in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torvald F. Ask
- Research Group on Cognition, Health, and Performance, Institute of Psychology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Ricardo G. Lugo
- Research Group on Cognition, Health, and Performance, Institute of Psychology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Stefan Sütterlin
- Faculty of Health and Welfare Sciences, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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35
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Sarcopenia in a mice model of chronic liver disease: role of the ubiquitin–proteasome system and oxidative stress. Pflugers Arch 2018; 470:1503-1519. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2167-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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NF-kB and Inflammatory Cytokine Signalling: Role in Skeletal Muscle Atrophy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1088:267-279. [PMID: 30390256 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1435-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Atrophy is a classical hallmark of an array of disorders that affect skeletal muscle, ranging from inherited dystrophies, acquired inflammatory myopathies, ageing (sarcopenia) and critical illness (sepsis). The loss of muscle mass and function in these instances is associated with disability, poor quality of life and in some cases mortality. The mechanisms which underpin muscle atrophy are complex; however, significant research has demonstrated an important role for inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), mediated by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in muscle wasting. Moreover, activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is a key lynchpin in the overall processes that mediate muscle atrophy. The significance of NF-κB as a key regulator of muscle atrophy has been emphasised by several in vivo studies, which have demonstrated that NF-κB-targeted therapies can abrogate muscle atrophy. In this chapter, we will summarise current knowledge on the role of cytokines (TNF-α) and NF-κB in the loss of muscle mass and function and highlight perspectives towards future research and potential therapies to combat muscle atrophy.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article updates on the concept that muscle-derived cytokines (myokines) play important roles in muscle health and disease. RECENT FINDINGS Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is released from normal skeletal muscle in response to exercise, mediating both anti-inflammatory responses and metabolic adaptations, actions contradictory to the prevailing view that IL-6 is a proinflammatory cytokine that is inducing and propagating disease. The anti-inflammatory effects of IL-6 result from its trans-membrane signalling capability, via membrane-bound receptors, whereas its proinflammatory effects result instead from signalling via the soluble IL-6 receptor and gp130. IL-15 is elevated following exercise, promoting muscle fibre hypertrophy in some circumstances, while inducing fibre apoptosis in others. This functional divergence appears because of variations in expression of IL-15 receptor isoforms. Decorin, a recently described myokine, is also elevated following exercise in normal muscle, and promotes muscle fibre hypertrophy by competitively binding to, and thus inhibiting, myostatin, a negative regulator of muscle protein synthesis. Exercise-induced myostatin downregulation thus promotes muscle fibre growth, prompting recent trials of a biological myostatin inhibitor in inclusion body myositis. SUMMARY Myokines appear to exert diverse beneficial effects, though their mechanistic roles in myositis and other myopathologies remain poorly understood.
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Brown JL, Rosa-Caldwell ME, Lee DE, Brown LA, Perry RA, Shimkus KL, Blackwell TA, Fluckey JD, Carson JA, Dridi S, Washington TA, Greene NP. PGC-1α4 gene expression is suppressed by the IL-6-MEK-ERK 1/2 MAPK signalling axis and altered by resistance exercise, obesity and muscle injury. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 220:275-288. [PMID: 27809412 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM PGC-1α4 is a novel regulator of muscle hypertrophy; however, there is limited understanding of the regulation of its expression and role in many (patho)physiological conditions. Therefore, our purpose was to elicit signalling mechanisms regulating gene expression of Pgc1α4 and examine its response to (patho)physiological stimuli associated with altered muscle mass. METHODS IL-6 knockout mice and pharmacological experiments in C2C12 myocytes were used to identify regulation of Pgc1α4 transcription. To examine Pgc1α4 gene expression in (patho)physiological conditions, obese and lean Zucker rats with/without resistance exercise (RE), ageing mice and muscle regeneration from injury were examined. RESULTS In IL-6 knockout mice, Pgc1α4mRNA was ~sevenfold greater than wild type. In C2C12 cells, Pgc1α4mRNA was suppressed ~70% by IL-6. Suppression of Pgc1α4 by IL-6 was prevented by MEK-ERK-MAPK inhibition. RE led to ~260% greater Pgc1α4mRNA content in lean rats. However, obese Zucker rats exhibited ~270% greater Pgc1α4mRNA than lean, sedentary with no further augmentation by RE. No difference was seen in IL-6mRNA or ERK-MAPK phosphorylation in Zucker rats. Aged mice demonstrated ~50% lower Pgc1α4mRNA and ~fivefold greater ERK-MAPK phosphorylation than young despite unchanged Il-6mRNA. During muscle regeneration, Pgc1α4 content is ~30% and IL-6mRNA >threefold of uninjured controls 3 days following injury; at 5 days, Pgc1α4 was >twofold greater in injured mice with no difference in IL-6mRNA. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal a novel mechanism suppressing Pgc1α4 gene expression via IL-6-ERK-MAPK and suggest this signalling axis may inhibit Pgc1α4 in some, but not all, (patho)physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. L. Brown
- Integrative Muscle Metabolism Laboratory; Human Performance Laboratory; Department of Health; Human Performance and Recreation; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR USA
| | - M. E. Rosa-Caldwell
- Integrative Muscle Metabolism Laboratory; Human Performance Laboratory; Department of Health; Human Performance and Recreation; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR USA
| | - D. E. Lee
- Integrative Muscle Metabolism Laboratory; Human Performance Laboratory; Department of Health; Human Performance and Recreation; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR USA
| | - L. A. Brown
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory; Human Performance Laboratory; Department of Health; Human Performance and Recreation; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR USA
| | - R. A. Perry
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory; Human Performance Laboratory; Department of Health; Human Performance and Recreation; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR USA
| | - K. L. Shimkus
- Muscle Biology Laboratory; Department of Health & Kinesiology; Texas A&M University; College Station TX USA
| | - T. A. Blackwell
- Integrative Muscle Metabolism Laboratory; Human Performance Laboratory; Department of Health; Human Performance and Recreation; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR USA
| | - J. D. Fluckey
- Muscle Biology Laboratory; Department of Health & Kinesiology; Texas A&M University; College Station TX USA
| | - J. A. Carson
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory; Department of Exercise Science; University of South Carolina; Columbia SC USA
| | - S. Dridi
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR USA
| | - T. A. Washington
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory; Human Performance Laboratory; Department of Health; Human Performance and Recreation; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR USA
| | - N. P. Greene
- Integrative Muscle Metabolism Laboratory; Human Performance Laboratory; Department of Health; Human Performance and Recreation; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR USA
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Foltz SJ, Luan J, Call JA, Patel A, Peissig KB, Fortunato MJ, Beedle AM. Four-week rapamycin treatment improves muscular dystrophy in a fukutin-deficient mouse model of dystroglycanopathy. Skelet Muscle 2016; 6:20. [PMID: 27257474 PMCID: PMC4890530 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-016-0091-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Secondary dystroglycanopathies are a subset of muscular dystrophy caused by abnormal glycosylation of α-dystroglycan (αDG). Loss of αDG functional glycosylation prevents it from binding to laminin and other extracellular matrix receptors, causing muscular dystrophy. Mutations in a number of genes, including FKTN (fukutin), disrupt αDG glycosylation. Methods We analyzed conditional Fktn knockout (Fktn KO) muscle for levels of mTOR signaling pathway proteins by Western blot. Two cohorts of Myf5-cre/Fktn KO mice were treated with the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor rapamycin (RAPA) for 4 weeks and evaluated for changes in functional and histopathological features. Results Muscle from 17- to 25-week-old fukutin-deficient mice has activated mTOR signaling. However, in tamoxifen-inducible Fktn KO mice, factors related to Akt/mTOR signaling were unchanged before the onset of dystrophic pathology, suggesting that Akt/mTOR signaling pathway abnormalities occur after the onset of disease pathology and are not causative in early dystroglycanopathy development. To determine any pharmacological benefit of targeting mTOR signaling, we administered RAPA daily for 4 weeks to Myf5/Fktn KO mice to inhibit mTORC1. RAPA treatment reduced fibrosis, inflammation, activity-induced damage, and central nucleation, and increased muscle fiber size in Myf5/Fktn KO mice compared to controls. RAPA-treated KO mice also produced significantly higher torque at the conclusion of dosing. Conclusions These findings validate a misregulation of mTOR signaling in dystrophic dystroglycanopathy skeletal muscle and suggest that such signaling molecules may be relevant targets to delay and/or reduce disease burden in dystrophic patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13395-016-0091-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Foltz
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 240 W. Green St., Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Junna Luan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 240 W. Green St., Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Jarrod A Call
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA ; Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Ankit Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 240 W. Green St., Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Kristen B Peissig
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 240 W. Green St., Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Marisa J Fortunato
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 240 W. Green St., Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Aaron M Beedle
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 240 W. Green St., Athens, GA 30602 USA
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Citrus unshiu peel extract alleviates cancer-induced weight loss in mice bearing CT-26 adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24214. [PMID: 27064118 PMCID: PMC4827095 DOI: 10.1038/srep24214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is a critical feature of cancer-induced cachexia, caused by pro-cachectic factors secreted by host cells and tumor cells. Therefore, blockade of these factors has considered a reasonable target for pharmacological and nutritional interventions to prevent skeletal muscle loss under cancer-induced cachexia. Citrus unshiu peel (CUP) has been used for treating the common cold, dyspepsia, and bronchial discomfort and reported to have pharmacological activities against inflammation, allergy, diabetes, and viral infection. In the present study, we observed that daily oral administration of water extract of CUP (WCUP) to male BALB/c mice bearing CT-26 adenocarcinoma remarkably reduced the losses in final body weight, carcass weight, gastrocnemius muscle, epididymal adipose tissue, and hemoglobin (Hb), compared with saline treatment. The levels of serum IL-6 and muscle-specific E3 ligases elevated by tumor burden were also considerably reduced by WCUP administration. In an in vitro experiment, WCUP efficiently suppressed the production of pro-cachectic cytokines in immune cells as well as cancer cells. In addition, WCUP treatment attenuated C2C12 skeletal muscle cell atrophy caused by cancer cells. These findings collectively suggest that WCUP is beneficial as a nutritional supplement for the management of cancer patients with severe weight loss.
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Wu J, Li ST. Dexmedetomidine May Produce Extra Protective Effects on Sepsis-induced Diaphragm Injury. Chin Med J (Engl) 2016; 128:1407-11. [PMID: 25963365 PMCID: PMC4830324 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.156808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to evaluate the protective effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX), a selective agonist of α2-adrenergic receptor, on sepsis-induced diaphragm injury and the underlying molecular mechanisms. DATA SOURCES The data used in this review were mainly from PubMed articles published in English from 1990 to 2015. STUDY SELECTION Clinical or basic research articles were selected mainly according to their level of relevance to this topic. RESULTS Sepsis could induce severe diaphragm dysfunction and exacerbate respiratory weakness. The mechanism of sepsis-induced diaphragm injury includes the increased inflammatory cytokines and excessive oxidative stress and superfluous production of nitric oxide (NO). DEX can reduce inflammatory cytokines, inhibit nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathways, suppress the activation of caspase-3, furthermore decrease oxidative stress and inhibit NO synthase. On the basis of these mechanisms, DEX may result in a shorter period of mechanical ventilation in septic patients in clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS Based on this current available evidence, DEX may produce extra protective effects on sepsis-induced diaphragm injury. Further direct evidence and more specific studies are still required to confirm these beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shi-Tong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China
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Meyer SU, Krebs S, Thirion C, Blum H, Krause S, Pfaffl MW. Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Induced Modifications of the Gene Expression Kinetics of Differentiating Skeletal Muscle Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139520. [PMID: 26447881 PMCID: PMC4598026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction TNF-α levels are increased during muscle wasting and chronic muscle degeneration and regeneration processes, which are characteristic for primary muscle disorders. Pathologically increased TNF-α levels have a negative effect on muscle cell differentiation efficiency, while IGF1 can have a positive effect; therefore, we intended to elucidate the impact of TNF-α and IGF1 on gene expression during the early stages of skeletal muscle cell differentiation. Methodology/Principal Findings This study presents gene expression data of the murine skeletal muscle cells PMI28 during myogenic differentiation or differentiation with TNF-α or IGF1 exposure at 0 h, 4 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 72 h after induction. Our study detected significant coregulation of gene sets involved in myoblast differentiation or in the response to TNF-α. Gene expression data revealed a time- and treatment-dependent regulation of signaling pathways, which are prominent in myogenic differentiation. We identified enrichment of pathways, which have not been specifically linked to myoblast differentiation such as doublecortin-like kinase pathway associations as well as enrichment of specific semaphorin isoforms. Moreover to the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of a specific inverse regulation of the following genes in myoblast differentiation and response to TNF-α: Aknad1, Cmbl, Sepp1, Ndst4, Tecrl, Unc13c, Spats2l, Lix1, Csdc2, Cpa1, Parm1, Serpinb2, Aspn, Fibin, Slc40a1, Nrk, and Mybpc1. We identified a gene subset (Nfkbia, Nfkb2, Mmp9, Mef2c, Gpx, and Pgam2), which is robustly regulated by TNF-α across independent myogenic differentiation studies. Conclusions This is the largest dataset revealing the impact of TNF-α or IGF1 treatment on gene expression kinetics of early in vitro skeletal myoblast differentiation. We identified novel mRNAs, which have not yet been associated with skeletal muscle differentiation or response to TNF-α. Results of this study may facilitate the understanding of transcriptomic networks underlying inhibited muscle differentiation in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swanhild U Meyer
- Physiology Weihenstephan, ZIEL Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Stefan Krebs
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, University of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | | | - Helmut Blum
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, University of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Sabine Krause
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Michael W Pfaffl
- Physiology Weihenstephan, ZIEL Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
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Vaughan RA, Gannon NP, Mermier CM, Conn CA. Irisin, a unique non-inflammatory myokine in stimulating skeletal muscle metabolism. J Physiol Biochem 2015; 71:679-89. [PMID: 26399516 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-015-0433-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Exercise offers several benefits for health, including increased lean body mass and heightened energy expenditure, which may be partially attributable to secretory factors known as myokines. Irisin, a recently identified myokine, was shown to increase metabolic rate and mitochondrial content in both myocytes and adipocytes; however, the mechanism(s) of action still remain largely unexplained. This work investigated if irisin functions by acting as an inflammatory myokine leading to cellular stress and energy expenditure. C2C12 myotubes were treated with various concentrations of irisin, TNFα, or IL6 for various durations. Glycolytic and oxidative metabolism, as well as mitochondrial uncoupling, were quantified by measurement of acidification and oxygen consumption, respectively. Metabolic gene and protein expression were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunoblotting, respectively. Mitochondrial content was assessed by fluorescent imaging. NFκB activity was assessed using an NFκB GFP-linked reporter system. Consistent with previous findings, irisin significantly increased expression of several genes including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) leading to increased mitochondrial content and oxygen consumption. Despite some similarities between TNFα and irisin treatment, irisin failed to activate the NFκB pathway like TNFα, suggesting that irisin may not act as an inflammatory signal. Irisin has several effects on myotube metabolism which appear to be dependent on substrate availability; however, the precise mechanism(s) by which irisin functions in skeletal muscle remain unclear. Our observations support the hypothesis that irisin does not function through inflammatory NFκB activation like other myokines (such as TNFα).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Vaughan
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, 833 Montlieu Ave., High Point, NC, 27268, USA. .,Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA. .,Department of Individual, Family, and Community Education: Nutrition, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
| | - Nicholas P Gannon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA. .,School of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Christine M Mermier
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
| | - Carole A Conn
- Department of Individual, Family, and Community Education: Nutrition, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
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Abstract
The abundance and cross-linking of intramuscular connective tissue contributes to the background toughness of meat, and is thus undesirable. Connective tissue is mainly synthesized by intramuscular fibroblasts. Myocytes, adipocytes and fibroblasts are derived from a common pool of progenitor cells during the early embryonic development. It appears that multipotent mesenchymal stem cells first diverge into either myogenic or non-myogenic lineages; non-myogenic mesenchymal progenitors then develop into the stromal-vascular fraction of skeletal muscle wherein adipocytes, fibroblasts and derived mesenchymal progenitors reside. Because non-myogenic mesenchymal progenitors mainly undergo adipogenic or fibrogenic differentiation during muscle development, strengthening progenitor proliferation enhances the potential for both intramuscular adipogenesis and fibrogenesis, leading to the elevation of both marbling and connective tissue content in the resulting meat product. Furthermore, given the bipotent developmental potential of progenitor cells, enhancing their conversion to adipogenesis reduces fibrogenesis, which likely results in the overall improvement of marbling (more intramuscular adipocytes) and tenderness (less connective tissue) of meat. Fibrogenesis is mainly regulated by the transforming growth factor (TGF) β signaling pathway and its regulatory cascade. In addition, extracellular matrix, a part of the intramuscular connective tissue, provides a niche environment for regulating myogenic differentiation of satellite cells and muscle growth. Despite rapid progress, many questions remain in the role of extracellular matrix on muscle development, and factors determining the early differentiation of myogenic, adipogenic and fibrogenic cells, which warrant further studies.
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Lightfoot AP, Sakellariou GK, Nye GA, McArdle F, Jackson MJ, Griffiths RD, McArdle A. SS-31 attenuates TNF-α induced cytokine release from C2C12 myotubes. Redox Biol 2015; 6:253-259. [PMID: 26291279 PMCID: PMC4556772 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
TNF-α is a key inflammatory mediator and is proposed to induce transcriptional responses via the mitochondrial generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of TNF-α on the production of myokines by skeletal muscle. Significant increases were seen in the release of IL-6, MCP-1/CCL2, RANTES/CCL5 and KC/CXCL1 and this release was inhibited by treatment with Brefeldin A, suggesting a golgi-mediated release of cytokines by muscle cells. An increase was also seen in superoxide in response to treatment with TNF-α, which was localised to the mitochondria and this was also associated with activation of NF-κB. The changes in superoxide, activation of NF-kB and release of myokines were attenuated following pre-treatment with SS-31 peptide indicating that the ability of TNF-α to induce myokine release may be mediated through mitochondrial superoxide, which is, at least in part, associated with activation of the redox sensitive transcription factor NF-kB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P Lightfoot
- MRC-Arthritis UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Giorgos K Sakellariou
- MRC-Arthritis UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth A Nye
- MRC-Arthritis UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Francis McArdle
- MRC-Arthritis UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm J Jackson
- MRC-Arthritis UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Richard D Griffiths
- MRC-Arthritis UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Anne McArdle
- MRC-Arthritis UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom.
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Morota G, Peñagaricano F, Petersen JL, Ciobanu DC, Tsuyuzaki K, Nikaido I. An application of MeSH enrichment analysis in livestock. Anim Genet 2015; 46:381-7. [PMID: 26036323 PMCID: PMC5032990 DOI: 10.1111/age.12307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An integral part of functional genomics studies is to assess the enrichment of specific biological terms in lists of genes found to be playing an important role in biological phenomena. Contrasting the observed frequency of annotated terms with those of the background is at the core of overrepresentation analysis (ORA). Gene Ontology (GO) is a means to consistently classify and annotate gene products and has become a mainstay in ORA. Alternatively, Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) offers a comprehensive life science vocabulary including additional categories that are not covered by GO. Although MeSH is applied predominantly in human and model organism research, its full potential in livestock genetics is yet to be explored. In this study, MeSH ORA was evaluated to discern biological properties of identified genes and contrast them with the results obtained from GO enrichment analysis. Three published datasets were employed for this purpose, representing a gene expression study in dairy cattle, the use of SNPs for genome‐wide prediction in swine and the identification of genomic regions targeted by selection in horses. We found that several overrepresented MeSH annotations linked to these gene sets share similar concepts with those of GO terms. Moreover, MeSH yielded unique annotations, which are not directly provided by GO terms, suggesting that MeSH has the potential to refine and enrich the representation of biological knowledge. We demonstrated that MeSH can be regarded as another choice of annotation to draw biological inferences from genes identified via experimental analyses. When used in combination with GO terms, our results indicate that MeSH can enhance our functional interpretations for specific biological conditions or the genetic basis of complex traits in livestock species.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Morota
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - F Peñagaricano
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,University of Florida Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - J L Petersen
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - D C Ciobanu
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - K Tsuyuzaki
- Department of Medicinal and Life Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan.,Bioinformatics Research Unit, Advanced Center for Computing and Communication, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - I Nikaido
- Bioinformatics Research Unit, Advanced Center for Computing and Communication, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, Japan
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Abat F, Valles SL, Gelber PE, Polidori F, Jorda A, García-Herreros S, Monllau JC, Sanchez-Ibáñez JM. An experimental study of muscular injury repair in a mouse model of notexin-induced lesion with EPI® technique. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2015; 7:7. [PMID: 25897404 PMCID: PMC4403980 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-015-0002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms of muscle injury repair after EPI® technique, a treatment based on electrical stimulation, have not been described. This study determines whether EPI® therapy could improve muscle damage. METHODS Twenty-four rats were divided into a control group, Notexin group (7 and 14 days) and a Notexin + EPI group. To induce muscle injury, Notexin was injected in the quadriceps of the left extremity of rats. Pro-inflammatory interleukin 1-beta (IL-1beta) and tumoral necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were determined by ELISA. The expression of receptor peroxisome gamma proliferator activator (PPAR-gamma), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGF-R1) were determined by western-blot. RESULTS The plasma levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in Notexin-injured rats showed a significant increase compared with the control group. EPI® produced a return of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta values to control levels. PPAR-gamma expression diminished injured quadriceps muscle in rats. EPI® increased PPAR-gamma, VEGF and VEGF-R1 expressions. EPI® decreased plasma levels of pro-inflammatory TNF-alpha and IL-1beta and increased anti-inflammatory PPAR-gamma and proangiogenic factors as well as VEGF and VEGF-R1 expressions. CONCLUSION The EPI® technique may affect inflammatory mediators in damaged muscle tissue and influences the new vascularization of the injured area. These results suggest that EPI® might represent a useful new therapy for the treatment of muscle injuries. Although our study in rats may represent a valid approach to evaluate EPI® treatment, studies designed to determine how the EPI® treatment may affect recovery of injury in humans are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferran Abat
- Department of Sports Orthopedics, ReSport Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Soraya-L Valles
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pablo-Eduardo Gelber
- Catalan Institut of Traumatology and Sports Medicine (ICATME), Hospital Universitari Dexeus, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, University Autonoma of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Polidori
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Cerede Sports Medicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrian Jorda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Joan-Carles Monllau
- Catalan Institut of Traumatology and Sports Medicine (ICATME), Hospital Universitari Dexeus, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Atrophy occurs in specific muscles with inactivity (for example, during plaster cast immobilization) or denervation (for example, in patients with spinal cord injuries). Muscle wasting occurs systemically in older people (a condition known as sarcopenia); as a physiological response to fasting or malnutrition; and in many diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, cancer-associated cachexia, diabetes, renal failure, cardiac failure, Cushing syndrome, sepsis, burns and trauma. The rapid loss of muscle mass and strength primarily results from excessive protein breakdown, which is often accompanied by reduced protein synthesis. This loss of muscle function can lead to reduced quality of life, increased morbidity and mortality. Exercise is the only accepted approach to prevent or slow atrophy. However, several promising therapeutic agents are in development, and major advances in our understanding of the cellular mechanisms that regulate the protein balance in muscle include the identification of several cytokines, particularly myostatin, and a common transcriptional programme that promotes muscle wasting. Here, we discuss these new insights and the rationally designed therapies that are emerging to combat muscle wasting.
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Dapas B, Dall'Acqua S, Bulla R, Agostinis C, Perissutti B, Invernizzi S, Grassi G, Voinovich D. Immunomodulation mediated by a herbal syrup containing a standardized Echinacea root extract: a pilot study in healthy human subjects on cytokine gene expression. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:1406-1410. [PMID: 24877712 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the immunomodulatory effect of a triply standardized Echinacea angustifolia root extract (Polinacea(®)) was evaluated in 10 healthy subjects. Ten ml of syrup containing one hundred mg of extract (corresponding to 4.7 mg of Echinacoside and 8.0mg of a high molecular weight-20,000 Da- polysaccharide) were administered as a herbal syrup once a day for one month. The immunomodulatory effect was evaluated before and after herbal syrup administration evaluating the expression levels of the cytokines IL-2, IL-8, IL-6 and TNF-α. Cytokine expression was studied in lympho-monocytes and in plasma samples measuring the mRNA and protein levels, respectively. The results were analysed by ANOVA and non-parametric Friedman rank sum tests; when possible it was adopted a pair-wise comparisons at different post-treatment times, using the paired t-tests with Holm correction. The correlation between the variations of cytokine plasma levels and the respective mRNA was carried out using a linear regression model. In lympho-monocytes our data indicate the up-regulation of the mRNA levels of IL-2 and IL-8 and the down regulation of the mRNA levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL6. The differential regulation was maximal after 14 days of treatment. IL-2 up-regulation and IL-6 down-regulation were also confirmed at the protein level in plasma. Finally, the up-regulation of the mRNA of IL-2/IL-8 and the down-regulation of IL-6 positively correlated with the protein levels detected in the plasma. In conclusion, this pilot study suggests a relevant role for the standardized Echinacea angustifolia root extract in the control of cytokine expression. This first demonstration of the immuno-modulating activity of Echinacea angustifolia root extract in the healthy subject, supports at least in part the common use of such products as health promoting supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dapas
- Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara Hospital, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, Trieste, Italy
| | - S Dall'Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - R Bulla
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 28, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - C Agostinis
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 28, 34127 Trieste, Italy; Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Via dell'Istria 65/1, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - B Perissutti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - S Invernizzi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 28, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - G Grassi
- Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara Hospital, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, Trieste, Italy
| | - D Voinovich
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
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Ciccia F, Rizzo A, Alessandro R, Guggino G, Maugeri R, Saieva L, Cannizzaro A, Giardina A, De Leo G, Gerardo Iacopino D, Triolo G. Activated IL-22 pathway occurs in the muscle tissues of patients with polymyositis or dermatomyositis and is correlated with disease activity. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2014; 53:1307-12. [PMID: 24599919 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keu005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the expression of IL-22, IL-22 receptor 1 (IL-22R1), IL-22 binding protein (IL-22BP) and p-STAT3 in muscle tissue from patients with PM and DM. METHODS Levels of IL-22, IL-22R1, IL-22BP and STAT3 mRNA were quantified by RT-PCR. The expression of IL-22, IL-22R1, IL-22BP and p-STAT3 was also analysed using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Significant modulation of the IL-22 pathway was observed in inflammatory myopathic tissues. In particular, a significant overexpression of IL-22 at the protein but not the mRNA level was observed in PM/DM tissues and was correlated with myositis activity. IL-22R1 aberrant expression was also observed among infiltrating mononuclear cells and necrotic muscle cells. IL-22BP, which inhibits IL-22 signalling, was expressed only in some muscle fibres in PM/DM patients. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that the IL-22 pathway is activated in inflammatory myopathic tissues and may be involved in the induction of muscle inflammatory processes and muscle necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ciccia
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistiche, Sezione di Reumatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, Sezione di Anatomia Patologica, Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche e Forensi and Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Aroldo Rizzo
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistiche, Sezione di Reumatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, Sezione di Anatomia Patologica, Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche e Forensi and Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistiche, Sezione di Reumatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, Sezione di Anatomia Patologica, Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche e Forensi and Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuliana Guggino
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistiche, Sezione di Reumatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, Sezione di Anatomia Patologica, Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche e Forensi and Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosario Maugeri
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistiche, Sezione di Reumatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, Sezione di Anatomia Patologica, Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche e Forensi and Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Laura Saieva
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistiche, Sezione di Reumatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, Sezione di Anatomia Patologica, Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche e Forensi and Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cannizzaro
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistiche, Sezione di Reumatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, Sezione di Anatomia Patologica, Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche e Forensi and Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - AnnaRita Giardina
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistiche, Sezione di Reumatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, Sezione di Anatomia Patologica, Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche e Forensi and Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giacomo De Leo
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistiche, Sezione di Reumatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, Sezione di Anatomia Patologica, Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche e Forensi and Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenico Gerardo Iacopino
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistiche, Sezione di Reumatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, Sezione di Anatomia Patologica, Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche e Forensi and Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Triolo
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistiche, Sezione di Reumatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, Sezione di Anatomia Patologica, Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche e Forensi and Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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