1
|
Martinez GJ, Kipp ZA, Lee WH, Bates EA, Morris AJ, Marino JS, Hinds TD. Glucocorticoid resistance remodels liver lipids and prompts lipogenesis, eicosanoid, and inflammatory pathways. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2024; 173:106840. [PMID: 38830399 PMCID: PMC11199073 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2024.106840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that the glucocorticoid receptor β (GRβ) isoform induces hepatic steatosis in mice fed a normal chow diet. The GRβ isoform inhibits the glucocorticoid-binding isoform GRα, reducing responsiveness and inducing glucocorticoid resistance. We hypothesized that GRβ regulates lipids that cause metabolic dysfunction. To determine the effect of GRβ on hepatic lipid classes and molecular species, we overexpressed GRβ (GRβ-Ad) and vector (Vec-Ad) using adenovirus delivery, as we previously described. We fed the mice a normal chow diet for 5 days and harvested the livers. We utilized liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses of the livers to determine the lipid species driven by GRβ. The most significant changes in the lipidome were monoacylglycerides and cholesterol esters. There was also increased gene expression in the GRβ-Ad mice for lipogenesis, eicosanoid synthesis, and inflammatory pathways. These indicate that GRβ-induced glucocorticoid resistance may drive hepatic fat accumulation, providing new therapeutic advantages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genesee J Martinez
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Drug & Disease Discovery D3 Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Zachary A Kipp
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Drug & Disease Discovery D3 Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Wang-Hsin Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Drug & Disease Discovery D3 Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Evelyn A Bates
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Drug & Disease Discovery D3 Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Andrew J Morris
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, and Central Arkansas Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Joseph S Marino
- Department of Applied Physiology, Health, and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Terry D Hinds
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Drug & Disease Discovery D3 Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vali A, Beaupère C, Loubaresse A, Dalle H, Fève B, Grosfeld A, Moldes M. Effects of glucocorticoids on adipose tissue plasticity. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2024; 85:259-262. [PMID: 38871499 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2024.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) play an important role in metabolic adaptation, regulating carbohydrate-lipid homeostasis and the immune system. Because they also have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties, synthetic analogues of GCs have been developed and are widely used in the treatment of chronic inflammatory conditions and in organ transplantation. GCs are among the most commonly prescribed drugs in the world. However, long term and high GC doses can cause side effects such as GC-induced diabetes and lipodystrophy. In recent years, a large number of independent studies have reported the effects of constitutive and adipocyte-specific deletion of the GC receptor (GR) in mice under different diets and treatments, resulting in contrasting phenotypes. To avoid potential compensatory mechanisms associated with the constitutive adipocyte GR silencing during adipose tissue development, our team has generated an inducible mouse model of GR deletion specifically in the adipocyte (AdipoGR-KO). Using this mouse model, we were able to demonstrate the critical role of the adipocyte GR in GC-induced metabolic changes. Indeed, under conditions of hypercorticism, AdipoGR-KO mice showed an improvement in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, as well as in lipid profile, despite a massive increase in adiposity. This result is explained by a densification of adipose tissue vascularization, highlighting the repressive role of adipocyte GR in the healthy expansion of this tissue. Our work has largely contributed to the demonstration of the important role of the adipocyte GR in the physiology and pathophysiology of the adipose tissue and its impact on energy homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vali
- Centre de recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne université, Inserm, 75012 Paris, France; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne université, Inserm, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Carine Beaupère
- Centre de recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne université, Inserm, 75012 Paris, France; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne université, Inserm, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Alya Loubaresse
- Centre de recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne université, Inserm, 75012 Paris, France; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne université, Inserm, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Héloïse Dalle
- Centre de recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne université, Inserm, 75012 Paris, France; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne université, Inserm, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Fève
- Centre de recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne université, Inserm, 75012 Paris, France; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne université, Inserm, 75013 Paris, France; Service endocrinologie, CRMR PRISIS, centre de recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Sorbonne université, Inserm, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Grosfeld
- Centre de recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne université, Inserm, 75012 Paris, France; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne université, Inserm, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Marthe Moldes
- Centre de recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne université, Inserm, 75012 Paris, France; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne université, Inserm, 75013 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Maushart CI, Sun W, Othman A, Ghosh A, Senn JR, Fischer JGW, Madoerin P, Loeliger RC, Benz RM, Takes M, Zech CJ, Chirindel A, Beuschlein F, Reincke M, Wild D, Bieri O, Zamboni N, Wolfrum C, Betz MJ. Effect of high-dose glucocorticoid treatment on human brown adipose tissue activity: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled cross-over trial in healthy men. EBioMedicine 2023; 96:104771. [PMID: 37659283 PMCID: PMC10483510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely applied anti-inflammatory drugs that are associated with adverse metabolic effects including insulin resistance and weight gain. Previous research indicates that GCs may negatively impact brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity in rodents and humans. METHODS We performed a randomised, double-blinded cross-over trial in 16 healthy men (clinicaltrials.govNCT03269747). Participants received 40 mg of prednisone per day for one week or placebo. After a washout period of four weeks, participants crossed-over to the other treatment arm. Primary endpoint was the increase in resting energy expenditure (EE) in response to a mild-cold stimulus (cold-induced thermogenesis, CIT). Secondary outcomes comprised mean 18F-FDG uptake into supraclavicular BAT (SUVmean) as determined by FDG-PET/CT, volume of the BAT depot as well as fat content determined by MRI. The plasma metabolome and the transcriptome of supraclavicular BAT and of skeletal muscle biopsies after each treatment period were analysed. FINDINGS Sixteen participants were recruited to the trial and completed it successfully per protocol. After prednisone treatment resting EE was higher both during warm and cold conditions. However, CIT was similar, 153 kcal/24 h (95% CI 40-266 kcal/24 h) after placebo and 186 kcal/24 h (95% CI 94-277 kcal/24 h, p = 0.38) after prednisone. SUVmean of BAT after cold exposure was not significantly affected by prednisone (3.36 g/ml, 95% CI 2.69-4.02 g/ml, vs 3.07 g/ml, 95% CI 2.52-3.62 g/ml, p = 0.28). Results of plasma metabolomics and BAT transcriptomics corroborated these findings. RNA sequencing of muscle biopsies revealed higher expression of genes involved in calcium cycling. No serious adverse events were reported and adverse events were evenly distributed between the two treatments. INTERPRETATION Prednisone increased EE in healthy men possibly by altering skeletal muscle calcium cycling. Cold-induced BAT activity was not affected by GC treatment, which indicates that the unfavourable metabolic effects of GCs are independent from thermogenic adipocytes. FUNDING Grants from Swiss National Science Foundation (PZ00P3_167823), Bangerter-Rhyner Foundation and from Nora van der Meeuwen-Häfliger Foundation to MJB. A fellowship-grant from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF211053) to WS. Grants from German Research Foundation (project number: 314061271-TRR 205) and Else Kröner-Fresenius (grant support 2012_A103 and 2015_A228) to MR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Irene Maushart
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Wenfei Sun
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
| | - Alaa Othman
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Adhideb Ghosh
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland; Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Jaël Rut Senn
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Jonas Gabriel William Fischer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Philipp Madoerin
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Rahel Catherina Loeliger
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Robyn Melanie Benz
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Martin Takes
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Christoph Johannes Zech
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Alin Chirindel
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Felix Beuschlein
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Martin Reincke
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Damian Wild
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Oliver Bieri
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Nicola Zamboni
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
| | - Matthias Johannes Betz
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bankier S, Wang L, Crawford A, Morgan RA, Ruusalepp A, Andrew R, Björkegren JLM, Walker BR, Michoel T. Plasma cortisol-linked gene networks in hepatic and adipose tissues implicate corticosteroid-binding globulin in modulating tissue glucocorticoid action and cardiovascular risk. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1186252. [PMID: 37745713 PMCID: PMC10513085 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1186252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association meta-analysis (GWAMA) by the Cortisol Network (CORNET) consortium identified genetic variants spanning the SERPINA6/SERPINA1 locus on chromosome 14 associated with morning plasma cortisol, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and SERPINA6 mRNA expression encoding corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) in the liver. These and other findings indicate that higher plasma cortisol levels are causally associated with CVD; however, the mechanisms by which variations in CBG lead to CVD are undetermined. Using genomic and transcriptomic data from The Stockholm Tartu Atherosclerosis Reverse Networks Engineering Task (STARNET) study, we identified plasma cortisol-linked single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are trans-associated with genes from seven different vascular and metabolic tissues, finding the highest representation of trans-genes in the liver, subcutaneous fat, and visceral abdominal fat, [false discovery rate (FDR) = 15%]. We identified a subset of cortisol-associated trans-genes that are putatively regulated by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), the primary transcription factor activated by cortisol. Using causal inference, we identified GR-regulated trans-genes that are responsible for the regulation of tissue-specific gene networks. Cis-expression Quantitative Trait Loci (eQTLs) were used as genetic instruments for identification of pairwise causal relationships from which gene networks could be reconstructed. Gene networks were identified in the liver, subcutaneous fat, and visceral abdominal fat, including a high confidence gene network specific to subcutaneous adipose (FDR = 10%) under the regulation of the interferon regulatory transcription factor, IRF2. These data identify a plausible pathway through which variation in the liver CBG production perturbs cortisol-regulated gene networks in peripheral tissues and thereby promote CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean Bankier
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lingfei Wang
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Crawford
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth A. Morgan
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- SRUC, The Roslin Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Arno Ruusalepp
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Tartu University, Tartu, Estonia
- Clinical Gene Networks AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ruth Andrew
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Johan L. M. Björkegren
- Clinical Gene Networks AB, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Brian R. Walker
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Michoel
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Choi D, Kang W, Park S, Son B, Park T. Identification of Glucocorticoid Receptor Target Genes That Potentially Inhibit Collagen Synthesis in Human Dermal Fibroblasts. Biomolecules 2023; 13:978. [PMID: 37371558 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Over several decades, excess glucocorticoids (GCs) of endogenous or exogenous origin have been recognized to significantly inhibit collagen synthesis and accelerate skin aging. However, little is known regarding their molecular mechanisms. We hypothesized that the action of GCs on collagen production is at least partially through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and its target genes, and therefore aimed to identify GR target genes that potentially inhibit collagen synthesis in Hs68 human dermal fibroblasts. We first confirmed that dexamethasone, a synthetic GC, induced canonical GR signaling in dermal fibroblasts. We then collected 108 candidates for GR target genes reported in previous studies on GR target genes and verified that 17 genes were transcriptionally upregulated in dexamethasone-treated dermal fibroblasts. Subsequently, by individual knockdown of the 17 genes, we identified that six genes, AT-rich interaction domain 5B, FK506 binding protein 5, lysyl oxidase, methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP + dependent) 2, zinc finger protein 36, and zinc fingers and homeoboxes 3, are potentially involved in GC-mediated inhibition of collagen synthesis. The present study sheds light on the molecular mechanisms of GC-mediated skin aging and provides a basis for further research on the biological characteristics of individual GR target genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dabin Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, BK21 FOUR, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Wesuk Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, BK21 FOUR, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoon Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, BK21 FOUR, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Bomin Son
- Department of Food and Nutrition, BK21 FOUR, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesun Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, BK21 FOUR, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rose M, Filiatreault A, Williams A, Guénette J, Thomson EM. Modulation of insulin signaling pathway genes by ozone inhalation and the role of glucocorticoids: A multi-tissue analysis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 469:116526. [PMID: 37088303 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is associated with increased risk of metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes, of which dysregulation of the insulin-signaling pathway is a feature. While studies suggest pollutant exposure alters insulin signaling in certain tissues, there is a lack of comparison across multiple tissues needed for a holistic assessment of metabolic effects, and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Air pollution increases plasma levels of glucocorticoids, systemic regulators of metabolic function. The objectives of this study were to 1) determine effects of ozone on insulin-signaling genes in major metabolic tissues, and 2) elucidate the role of glucocorticoids. Male Fischer-344 rats were treated with metyrapone, a glucocorticoid synthesis inhibitor, and exposed to 0.8 ppm ozone or clean air for 4 h, with tissue collected immediately or 24 h post exposure. Ozone inhalation resulted in distinct mRNA profiles in the liver, brown adipose, white adipose and skeletal muscle tissues, including effects on insulin-signaling cascade genes (Pik3r1, Irs1, Irs2) and targets involved in glucose metabolism (Hk2, Pgk1, Slc2a1), cell survival (Bcl2l1), and genes associated with diabetes and obesity (Serpine1, Retn, Lep). lucocorticoid-dependent regulation was observed in the liver and brown and white adipose tissues, while effects in skeletal muscle were largely unaffected by metyrapone treatment. Gene expression changes were accompanied by altered phosphorylation states of insulin-signaling proteins (BAD, GSK, IR-β, IRS-1) in the liver. The results show that systemic effects of ozone inhalation include tissue-specific regulation of insulin-signaling pathway genes via both glucocorticoid-dependent and independent mechanisms, providing insight into mechanisms underlying adverse effects of pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Rose
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa K1A 0K9, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Alain Filiatreault
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Andrew Williams
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Josée Guénette
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Errol M Thomson
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa K1A 0K9, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Maier MC, Nankervis S, Wallace ME, Develyn T, Myers MA. Dexamethasone leads to Zn 2+ accumulation and increased unbound Zn 2+ in C2C12 muscle and 3T3-L1 adipose cells. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:409-420. [PMID: 36716229 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is associated with increases in circulating glucocorticoid levels and insulin resistance. Zinc accumulates in atrophic muscle, but the relationship between atrophy, insulin resistance, and Zn2+ homeostasis remains unclear. In this study, the effect of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX) on insulin and Zn2+ homeostasis was explored. Treatment of differentiated C2C12 skeletal myotubes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes with DEX significantly increased mRNA expression of the metal-binding proteins Mt1 and 2 and altered energy storage as shown by the increased size of lipid droplets in 3T3-L1 cells. In C2C12 cells the total cellular Zn2+ was higher after DEX treatment, and in both C2C12 and 3T3-L1 adipocytes, free unbound Zn2+ was increased. Insulin treatment led to a gradual increase in free Zn2+ in C2C12 cells, and no significant change in DEX-treated cells such that concentrations were similar 10 min after insulin treatment. These data demonstrate that DEX disturbs Zn2+ homeostasis in muscle and fat cells. Further study of the molecular pathways involved to identify novel therapeutic targets for treatment of skeletal muscle atrophy is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Maier
- Health Innovation and Transformation Centre, Federation University Australia, Mt Helen, Victoria, Australia
| | - Scott Nankervis
- Biomedical Science, Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Federation University Australia, Mt Helen, Victoria, Australia
| | - Morgan E Wallace
- Biomedical Science, Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Federation University Australia, Mt Helen, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tamekha Develyn
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Centre, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark A Myers
- Health Innovation and Transformation Centre, Federation University Australia, Mt Helen, Victoria, Australia
- Biomedical Science, Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Federation University Australia, Mt Helen, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen W, Meng F, Zeng X, Cao X, Bu G, Du X, Yu G, Kong F, Li Y, Gan T, Han X. Mechanic Insight into the Distinct and Common Roles of Ovariectomy Versus Adrenalectomy on Adipose Tissue Remodeling in Female Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032308. [PMID: 36768630 PMCID: PMC9916485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctions of the ovaries and adrenal glands are both evidenced to cause aberrant adipose tissue (AT) remodeling and resultant metabolic disorders, but their distinct and common roles are poorly understood. In this study, through biochemical, histological and RNA-seq analyses, we comprehensively explored the mechanisms underpinning subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) remodeling, in response to ovariectomy (OVX) versus adrenalectomy (ADX) in female mice. OVX promoted adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation in both SAT and VAT, by potentiating the Pparg signaling, while ADX universally prevented the cell proliferation and extracellular matrix organization in both SAT and VAT, likely by inactivating the Nr3c1 signaling, thus causing lipoatrophy in females. ADX, but not OVX, exerted great effects on the intrinsic difference between SAT and VAT. Specifically, ADX reversed a large cluster of genes differentially expressed between SAT and VAT, by activating 12 key transcription factors, and thereby caused senescent cell accumulation, massive B cell infiltration and the development of selective inflammatory response in SAT. Commonly, both OVX and ADX enhance circadian rhythmicity in VAT, and impair cell proliferation, neurogenesis, tissue morphogenesis, as well as extracellular matrix organization in SAT, thus causing dysfunction of adipose tissues and concomitant metabolic disorders.
Collapse
|
9
|
Li JX, Cummins CL. Fresh insights into glucocorticoid-induced diabetes mellitus and new therapeutic directions. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:540-557. [PMID: 35585199 PMCID: PMC9116713 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-022-00683-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid hormones were discovered to have use as potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive therapeutics in the 1940s and their continued use and development have successfully revolutionized the management of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. However, long-term use of glucocorticoids is severely hampered by undesirable metabolic complications, including the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. These effects occur due to glucocorticoid receptor activation within multiple tissues, which results in inter-organ crosstalk that increases hepatic glucose production and inhibits peripheral glucose uptake. Despite the high prevalence of glucocorticoid-induced hyperglycaemia associated with their routine clinical use, treatment protocols for optimal management of the metabolic adverse effects are lacking or underutilized. The type, dose and potency of the glucocorticoid administered dictates the choice of hypoglycaemic intervention (non-insulin or insulin therapy) that should be provided to patients. The longstanding quest to identify dissociated glucocorticoid receptor agonists to separate the hyperglycaemic complications of glucocorticoids from their therapeutically beneficial anti-inflammatory effects is ongoing, with selective glucocorticoid receptor modulators in clinical testing. Promising areas of preclinical research include new mechanisms to disrupt glucocorticoid signalling in a tissue-selective manner and the identification of novel targets that can selectively dissociate the effects of glucocorticoids. These research arms share the ultimate goal of achieving the anti-inflammatory actions of glucocorticoids without the metabolic consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xu Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carolyn L Cummins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Archer SN, Möller-Levet CS, Laing EE, Dijk DJ. Mistimed sleep and waking activity in humans disrupts glucocorticoid signalling transcripts and SP1, but not plasma cortisol rhythms. Front Physiol 2022; 13:946444. [PMID: 36060675 PMCID: PMC9428761 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.946444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortisol is a robust circadian signal that synchronises peripheral circadian clocks with the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus via glucocorticoid receptors that regulate peripheral gene expression. Misalignment of the cortisol rhythm with the sleep–wake cycle, as occurs in shift work, is associated with negative health outcomes, but underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. We experimentally induced misalignment between the sleep–wake cycle and melatonin and cortisol rhythms in humans and measured time series blood transcriptomics while participants slept in-phase and out-of-phase with the central clock. The cortisol rhythm remained unchanged, but many glucocorticoid signalling transcripts were disrupted by mistimed sleep. To investigate which factors drive this dissociation between cortisol and its signalling pathways, we conducted bioinformatic and temporal coherence analyses. We found that glucocorticoid signalling transcripts affected by mistimed sleep were enriched for binding sites for the transcription factor SP1. Furthermore, changes in the timing of the rhythms of SP1 transcripts, a major regulator of transcription, and changes in the timing of rhythms in transcripts of the glucocorticoid signalling pathways were closely associated. Associations between the rhythmic changes in factors that affect SP1 expression and its activity, such as STAT3, EP300, HSP90AA1, and MAPK1, were also observed. We conclude that plasma cortisol rhythms incompletely reflect the impact of mistimed sleep on glucocorticoid signalling pathways and that sleep–wake driven changes in SP1 may mediate disruption of these pathways. These results aid understanding of mechanisms by which mistimed sleep affects health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon N. Archer
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Simon N. Archer,
| | - Carla S. Möller-Levet
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Emma E. Laing
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Derk-Jan Dijk
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research and Technology Centre, Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Glucocorticosteroids and the Risk of NAFLD in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 2022:4344905. [PMID: 35600209 PMCID: PMC9117063 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4344905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Each year, the incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) disease increases. NAFLD is a chronic disease. One of the most common causes of NAFLD is an inadequate lifestyle, which is characterized by a lack or low physical activity and eating highly processed foods rich in saturated fat and salt and containing low amount of fiber. Moreover, disturbances in intestinal microbiome and the use of certain drugs may predispose to NAFLD. NAFLD is an increasingly described disease in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Recent data also indicate a frequent coexistence of metabolic syndrome in this group of patients. Certain groups of drugs also increase the risk of developing inflammation, liver fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Particularly important in the development of NAFLD are steroids, which are used in the treatment of many diseases, for example, IBD. NAFLD is one of the most frequent parenteral manifestations of the disease in IBD patients. However, there is still insufficient information on what dose and exposure time of selected types of steroids may lead to the development of NAFLD. It is necessary to conduct further research in this direction. Therefore, patients with IBD should be constantly monitored for risk factors for the development of NAFLD.
Collapse
|
12
|
Morató L, Astori S, Zalachoras I, Rodrigues J, Ghosal S, Huang W, Guillot de Suduiraut I, Grosse J, Zanoletti O, Cao L, Auwerx J, Sandi C. eNAMPT actions through nucleus accumbens NAD +/SIRT1 link increased adiposity with sociability deficits programmed by peripuberty stress. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj9109. [PMID: 35235362 PMCID: PMC8890725 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj9109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is frequently associated with impairments in the social domain, and stress at puberty can lead to long-lasting changes in visceral fat deposition and in social behaviors. However, whether stress-induced changes in adipose tissue can affect fat-to-brain signaling, thereby orchestrating behavioral changes, remains unknown. We found that peripubertally stressed male-but not female-mice exhibit concomitant increased adiposity and sociability deficits. We show that reduced levels of the adipokine nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) in fat and its extracellular form eNAMPT in blood contribute to lifelong reductions in sociability induced by peripubertal stress. By using a series of adipose tissue and brain region-specific loss- and gain-of-function approaches, we implicate impaired nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)/SIRT1 pathway in the nucleus accumbens. Impairments in sociability and accumbal neuronal excitability are prevented by normalization of eNAMPT levels or treatment with nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a NAD+-boosting compound. We propose NAD+ boosters to treat social deficits of early life stress origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laia Morató
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Simone Astori
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis Zalachoras
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joao Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sriparna Ghosal
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wei Huang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Isabelle Guillot de Suduiraut
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jocelyn Grosse
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivia Zanoletti
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lei Cao
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Sandi
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Salamone IM, Quattrocelli M, Barefield DY, Page PG, Tahtah I, Hadhazy M, Tomar G, McNally EM. Intermittent glucocorticoid treatment enhances skeletal muscle performance through sexually dimorphic mechanisms. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:149828. [PMID: 35143417 PMCID: PMC8920338 DOI: 10.1172/jci149828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid steroids are commonly prescribed for many inflammatory conditions, but chronic daily use produces adverse effects, including muscle wasting and weakness. In contrast, shorter glucocorticoid pulses may improve athletic performance, although the mechanisms remain unclear. Muscle is sexually dimorphic and comparatively little is known about how male and female muscles respond to glucocorticoids. We investigated the impact of once-weekly glucocorticoid exposure on skeletal muscle performance comparing male and female mice. One month of once-weekly glucocorticoid dosing improved muscle specific force in both males and females. Transcriptomic profiling of isolated myofibers identified a striking sexually dimorphic response to weekly glucocorticoids. Male myofibers had increased expression of genes in the IGF1/PI3K pathway and calcium handling, while female myofibers had profound upregulation of lipid metabolism genes. Muscles from weekly prednisone–treated males had improved calcium handling, while comparably treated female muscles had reduced intramuscular triglycerides. Consistent with altered lipid metabolism, weekly prednisone–treated female mice had greater endurance relative to controls. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, we defined a sexually dimorphic chromatin landscape after weekly prednisone. These results demonstrate that weekly glucocorticoid exposure elicits distinct pathways in males versus females, resulting in enhanced performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella M Salamone
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Mattia Quattrocelli
- Department of Pediatrics, Cinicinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, United States of America
| | - David Y Barefield
- Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, United States of America
| | - Patrick G Page
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Ibrahim Tahtah
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Michele Hadhazy
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Garima Tomar
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth M McNally
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Harlan B, Park HG, Spektor R, Cummings B, Brenna JT, Soloway PD. Single-cell chromatin accessibility and lipid profiling reveals SCD1-dependent metabolic shift in adipocytes induced by bariatric surgery. PLoS One 2022; 16:e0261783. [PMID: 34972124 PMCID: PMC8719700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity promotes type 2 diabetes and cardiometabolic pathologies. Vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) is used to treat obesity resulting in long-term weight loss and health improvements that precede weight loss; however, the mechanisms underlying the immediate benefits remain incompletely understood. Because adipose plays a crucial role in energy homeostasis and utilization, we hypothesized that VSG exerts its influences, in part, by modulating adipose functional states. We applied single-cell ATAC sequencing and lipid profiling to inguinal and epididymal adipose depots from mice that received sham surgery or VSG. We observed depot-specific cellular composition and chromatin accessibility patterns that were altered by VSG. Specifically, accessibility at Scd1, a fatty acid desaturase, was substantially reduced after VSG in mature adipocytes of inguinal but not epididymal depots. This was accompanied by reduced accumulation of SCD1-produced unsaturated fatty acids. Given these findings and reports that reductions in Scd1 attenuate obesity and insulin resistance our results suggest VSG exerts its beneficial effects through an inguinal depot-specific reduction of SCD1 activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blaine Harlan
- Field of Genetics, Genomics, and Development, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Hui Gyu Park
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Roman Spektor
- Field of Genetics, Genomics, and Development, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Bethany Cummings
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - J. Thomas Brenna
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Paul D. Soloway
- Field of Genetics, Genomics, and Development, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tsai SF, Hung HC, Shih MMC, Chang FC, Chung BC, Wang CY, Lin YL, Kuo YM. High-fat diet-induced increases in glucocorticoids contribute to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. FASEB J 2021; 36:e22130. [PMID: 34959259 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101570r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between chronic ingestion of a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced secretion of glucocorticoids (GCs) and the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We have produced a strain of transgenic mice (termed L/L mice) that have normal levels of circulating corticosterone (CORT), the major type of GCs in rodents, but unlike wild-type (WT) mice, their circulating CORT was not affected by HFD. Compared to WT mice, 12-week HFD-induced fatty liver was less pronounced with higher plasma levels of triglycerides in L/L mice. These changes were reversed by CORT supplement to L/L mice. By analyzing a sort of lipid metabolism-related proteins, we found that expressions of the hepatic cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) were upregulated by HFD-induced CORT and involved in CORT-mediated fatty liver. Dexamethasone, an agonist of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), upregulated expressions of CD36 in HepG2 hepatocytes and facilitated lipid accumulation in the cells. In conclusion, the fat ingestion-induced release of CORT contributes to NAFLD. This study highlights the pathogenic role of CORT-mediated upregulation of hepatic CD 36 in diet-induced NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Feng Tsai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Chang Hung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | - Fu-Chuan Chang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Bon-Chu Chung
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yih Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Kuo
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shi X, Huang Z, Zhou G, Li C. Dietary Protein From Different Sources Exerted a Great Impact on Lipid Metabolism and Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation in Rat Liver. Front Nutr 2021; 8:719144. [PMID: 34513904 PMCID: PMC8427523 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.719144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Associations between meat diets and human health have been widely considered. In this study, we focused on long-term effects of different sources of meat protein on liver metabolic enzymes. For 90 days, rats were fed with semisynthetic diets that differed only with protein source. Casein was used as a reference and isolated soybean, fish, chicken, pork, and beef proteins were compared. Changes in liver proteome were determined by isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling and liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC–ESI–MS/MS). Fish and pork protein diets upregulated the gene expression involved in cholesterol synthesis and esterification, and pork protein diet also upregulated the gene expression of high-density lipoprotein receptor and low-density lipoprotein receptor. Chicken, pork, and beef protein diets upregulated the gene expression involved in cholesterol reverse transport and bile acid production, which increased the total cholesterol level in the fish protein diet group. Total cholesterol levels in liver were lower in the pork and beef protein diet groups. Triglyceride levels in liver were lower in chicken, pork, and beef protein diet groups. Peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 was upregulated by chicken, pork and beef protein diets, and promoted the degradation and metabolism of triglyceride, resulting in lower triglyceride in the three diet groups. Meat proteins at a recommended level could be more conducive to cholesterol degradation, triglyceride decomposition, and energy balance maintenance at a healthy level. The findings give a new insight into the associations between meat diet intake and human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuebin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control MOE, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Meat Processing MOA, Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zixin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control MOE, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Meat Processing MOA, Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guanghong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control MOE, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Meat Processing MOA, Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunbao Li
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control MOE, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Meat Processing MOA, Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Genomic and Non-Genomic Actions of Glucocorticoids on Adipose Tissue Lipid Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168503. [PMID: 34445209 PMCID: PMC8395154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are hormones that aid the body under stress by regulating glucose and free fatty acids. GCs maintain energy homeostasis in multiple tissues, including those in the liver and skeletal muscle, white adipose tissue (WAT), and brown adipose tissue (BAT). WAT stores energy as triglycerides, while BAT uses fatty acids for heat generation. The multiple genomic and non-genomic pathways in GC signaling vary with exposure duration, location (adipose tissue depot), and species. Genomic effects occur directly through the cytosolic GC receptor (GR), regulating the expression of proteins related to lipid metabolism, such as ATGL and HSL. Non-genomic effects act through mechanisms often independent of the cytosolic GR and happen shortly after GC exposure. Studying the effects of GCs on adipose tissue breakdown and generation (lipolysis and adipogenesis) leads to insights for treatment of adipose-related diseases, such as obesity, coronary disease, and cancer, but has led to controversy among researchers, largely due to the complexity of the process. This paper reviews the recent literature on the genomic and non-genomic effects of GCs on WAT and BAT lipolysis and proposes research to address the many gaps in knowledge related to GC activity and its effects on disease.
Collapse
|
18
|
Hu W, Jiang C, Kim M, Yang W, Zhu K, Guan D, Lv W, Xiao Y, Wilson JR, Rader DJ, Pui CH, Relling MV, Lazar MA. Individual-specific functional epigenomics reveals genetic determinants of adverse metabolic effects of glucocorticoids. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1592-1609.e7. [PMID: 34233159 PMCID: PMC8340270 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used as anti-inflammatory drugs, but their long-term use has severe metabolic side effects. Here, by treating multiple individual adipose stem cell-derived adipocytes and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes with the potent GC dexamethasone (Dex), we uncovered cell-type-specific and individual-specific GC-dependent transcriptomes and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) cistromes. Individual-specific GR binding could be traced to single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that altered the binding motifs of GR or its cooperating factors. We also discovered another set of genetic variants that modulated Dex response through affecting chromatin accessibility or chromatin architecture. Several SNPs that altered Dex-regulated GR binding and gene expression controlled Dex-driven metabolic perturbations. Remarkably, these genetic variations were highly associated with increases in serum glucose, lipids, and body mass in subjects on GC therapy. Knowledge of the genetic variants that predispose individuals to metabolic side effects allows for a precision medicine approach to the use of clinically relevant GCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Hu
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; The Max-Planck Center for Tissue Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Chunjie Jiang
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mindy Kim
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wenjian Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kun Zhu
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dongyin Guan
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wenjian Lv
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yang Xiao
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jessica R Wilson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ching-Hon Pui
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mary V Relling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mitchell A Lazar
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
β-Ionone Attenuates Dexamethasone-Induced Suppression of Collagen and Hyaluronic Acid Synthesis in Human Dermal Fibroblasts. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050619. [PMID: 33919331 PMCID: PMC8143342 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress is a major contributing factor of skin aging, which is clinically characterized by wrinkles, loss of elasticity, and dryness. In particular, glucocorticoids are generally considered key hormones for promoting stress-induced skin aging through binding to glucocorticoid receptors (GRs). In this work, we aimed to investigate whether β-ionone (a compound occurring in various foods such as carrots and almonds) attenuates dexamethasone-induced suppression of collagen and hyaluronic acid synthesis in human dermal fibroblasts, and to explore the mechanisms involved. We found that β-ionone promoted collagen production dose-dependently and increased mRNA expression levels, including collagen type I α 1 chain (COL1A1) and COL1A2 in dexamethasone-treated human dermal fibroblasts. It also raised hyaluronic acid synthase mRNA expression and hyaluronic acid levels. Notably, β-ionone inhibited cortisol binding to GR, subsequent dexamethasone-induced GR signaling, and the expression of several GR target genes. Our results reveal the strong potential of β-ionone for preventing stress-induced skin aging and suggest that its effects are related to the inhibition of GR signaling in human dermal fibroblasts.
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Emotional stress has accompanied humans since the dawn of time and has played an essential role not only in positive selection and adaptation to an ever-changing environment, but also in the acceleration or even initiation of many illnesses. The three main somatic mechanisms induced by stress are the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis), the sympathetic-adreno-medullar (SAM) axis, and the immune axis. In this chapter, the stress-induced mechanisms that can affect cochlear physiology are presented and discussed in the context of tinnitus generation and auditory neurobiology. It is concluded that all of the presented mechanisms need to be further investigated. It is advised that clinical practitioners ask patients about stressful events or chronic stress preceding the tinnitus onset and measure the vital signs. Finally, taking into account that tinnitus itself acts as a stressor, the implementation of anti-stress therapies for tinnitus treatment is recommended.
Collapse
|
21
|
Mostafa MM, Bansal A, Michi AN, Sasse SK, Proud D, Gerber AN, Newton R. Genomic determinants implicated in the glucocorticoid-mediated induction of KLF9 in pulmonary epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100065. [PMID: 33184061 PMCID: PMC7949084 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligand-activated glucocorticoid receptor (GR) elicits variable glucocorticoid-modulated transcriptomes in different cell types. However, some genes, including Krüppel-like factor 9 (KLF9), a putative transcriptional repressor, demonstrate conserved responses. We show that glucocorticoids induce KLF9 expression in the human airways in vivo and in differentiated human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells grown at air-liquid interface (ALI). In A549 and BEAS-2B pulmonary epithelial cells, glucocorticoids induce KLF9 expression with similar kinetics to primary HBE cells in submersion culture. A549 and BEAS-2B ChIP-seq data reveal four common glucocorticoid-induced GR binding sites (GBSs). Two GBSs mapped to the 5'-proximal region relative to KLF9 transcription start site (TSS) and two occurred at distal sites. These were all confirmed in primary HBE cells. Global run-on (GRO) sequencing indicated robust enhancer RNA (eRNA) production from three of these GBSs in BEAS-2B cells. This was confirmed in A549 cells, plus submersion, and ALI culture of HBE cells. Cloning each GBS into luciferase reporters revealed glucocorticoid-induced activity requiring a glucocorticoid response element (GRE) within each distal GBS. While the proximal GBSs drove modest reporter induction by glucocorticoids, this region exhibited basal eRNA production, RNA polymerase II enrichment, and looping to the TSS, plausibly underlying constitutive KLF9 expression. Post glucocorticoid treatment, interactions between distal and proximal GBSs and the TSS correlated with KLF9 induction. CBP/P300 silencing reduced proximal GBS activity, but negligibly affected KLF9 expression. Overall, a model for glucocorticoid-mediated regulation of KLF9 involving multiple GBSs is depicted. This work unequivocally demonstrates that mechanistic insights gained from cell lines can translate to physiologically relevant systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Mostafa
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Akanksha Bansal
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Aubrey N Michi
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Sarah K Sasse
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - David Proud
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Anthony N Gerber
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Robert Newton
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ahmed M, Min DS, Kim DR. Curated gene expression dataset of differentiating 3T3-L1 adipocytes under pharmacological and genetic perturbations. Adipocyte 2020; 9:600-608. [PMID: 33016192 PMCID: PMC7553567 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2020.1829852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The 3T3-L1 cell line is used as an adipocyte differentiation model for the analysis of genes specifically expressed during the differentiation course. This cell model has several applications in obesity and insulin resistance research. We built a data resource to model gene expression of differentiating and mature adipocytes in response to several drugs and gene manipulations. We surveyed the literature survey for microarray datasets of differentiating 3T3-L1 cell line sampled at one or more time points under genetic or pharmacological perturbations. Data and metadata were obtained from the gene expression omnibus. The metadata were manually curated using unified language across the studies. Probe intensities were mapped and collapsed to genes using a reproducible pipeline. Samples were classified into none, genetically or pharmacologically modified. In addition to the clean datasets, two aggregated sets were further homogenized for illustration purposes. The curated datasets are available as an R/Bioconductor experimental data package curatedAdipoArray. The package documents the source code of the data collection, curation and processing. Finally, we used a subset of the data to effectively remove batch effects and reproduce biological observations. Database URL https://bioconductor.org/packages/curatedAdipoArray
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Sik Min
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Ryong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Knott EL, Leidenheimer NJ. A Targeted Bioinformatics Assessment of Adrenocortical Carcinoma Reveals Prognostic Implications of GABA System Gene Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228485. [PMID: 33187258 PMCID: PMC7697095 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare but deadly cancer for which few treatments exist. Here, we have undertaken a targeted bioinformatics study of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) ACC dataset focusing on the 30 genes encoding the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system—an under-studied, evolutionarily-conserved system that is an emerging potential player in cancer progression. Our analysis identified a subset of ACC patients whose tumors expressed a distinct GABA system transcriptome. Transcript levels of ABAT (encoding a key GABA shunt enzyme), were upregulated in over 40% of tumors, and this correlated with several favorable clinical outcomes including patient survival; while enrichment and ontology analysis implicated two cancer-related biological pathways involved in metastasis and immune response. The phenotype associated with ABAT upregulation revealed a potential metabolic heterogeneity among ACC tumors associated with enhanced mitochondrial metabolism. Furthermore, many GABAA receptor subunit-encoding transcripts were expressed, including two (GABRB2 and GABRD) prognostic for patient survival. Transcripts encoding GABAB receptor subunits and GABA transporters were also ubiquitously expressed. The GABA system transcriptome of ACC tumors is largely mirrored in the ACC NCI-H295R cell line, suggesting that this cell line may be appropriate for future functional studies investigating the role of the GABA system in ACC cell growth phenotypes and metabolism.
Collapse
|
24
|
Joseph S, Walejko JM, Zhang S, Edison AS, Keller-Wood M. Maternal hypercortisolemia alters placental metabolism: a multiomics view. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E950-E960. [PMID: 32954824 PMCID: PMC7790119 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00190.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that increases in maternal cortisol or maternal stress in late pregnancy increase the risk of stillbirth at term. In an ovine model with increased maternal cortisol over the last 0.20 of gestation, we have previously found evidence of disruption of fetal serum and cardiac metabolomics and altered expression of genes related to mitochondrial function and metabolism in biceps femoris, diaphragm, and cardiac muscle. The present studies were designed to test for effects of chronically increased maternal cortisol on gene expression and metabolomics in placentomes near term. We hypothesized that changes in placenta might underlie or contribute to the alterations in fetal serum metabolomics and thereby contribute to changes in striated muscle metabolism. Placentomes were collected from pregnancies in early labor (143 ± 1 days gestation) of control ewes (n = 7) or ewes treated with cortisol (1 mg·kg-1·day-1 iv; n = 5) starting at day 115 of gestation. Transcriptomics and metabolomics were performed using an ovine gene expression microarray (Agilent 019921) and HR-MAS NMR, respectively. Multiomic analysis indicates that amino acid metabolism, particularly of branched-chain amino acids and glutamate, occur in placenta; changes in amino acid metabolism, degradation, or biosynthesis in placenta were consistent with changes in valine, isoleucine, leucine, and glycine in fetal serum. The analysis also indicates changes in glycerophospholipid metabolism and suggests changes in endoplasmic reticulum stress and antioxidant status in the placenta. These findings suggest that changes in placental function occurring with excess maternal cortisol in late gestation may contribute to metabolic dysfunction at birth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serene Joseph
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jacquelyn M Walejko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville Florida
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Sicong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Arthur S Edison
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Maureen Keller-Wood
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gao H, Zhang L, Wang L, Liu X, Hou X, Zhao F, Yan H, Wang L. Liver transcriptome profiling and functional analysis of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) piglets reveals a genetic correction and sexual-dimorphic gene expression during postnatal development. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:701. [PMID: 33032518 PMCID: PMC7545842 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07094-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) remains a major problem associated with swine production. Thus, understanding the physiological changes of postnatal IUGR piglets would aid in improving growth performance. Moreover, liver metabolism plays an important role in the growth and survival of neonatal piglets. RESULTS By profiling the transcriptome of liver samples on postnatal Days 1, 7, and 28, our study focused on characterizing the growth, function, and metabolism in the liver of IUGR neonatal piglets. Our study demonstrates that the livers of IUGR piglets were associated with a series of complications, including inflammatory stress and immune dysregulation; cytoskeleton and membrane structure disorganization; dysregulated transcription events; and abnormal glucocorticoid metabolism. In addition, the abnormal liver function index in the serum [alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and total protein (TP)], coupled with hepatic pathological and ultrastructural morphological changes are indicative of liver damage and dysfunction in IUGR piglets. Moreover, these results reveal the sex-biased developmental dynamics between male and female IUGR piglets, and that male IUGR piglets may be more sensitive to disrupted metabolic homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS These observations provide a detailed reference for understanding the mechanisms and characterizations of IUGR liver functions, and suggest that the potential strategies for improving the survival and growth performance of IUGR offspring should consider the balance between postnatal catch-up growth and adverse metabolic consequences. In particular, sex-specific intervention strategies should be considered for both female and male IUGR piglets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Gao
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Longchao Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Ligang Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xinhua Hou
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Fuping Zhao
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yan
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Lixian Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhang W, Qiao Y, Qi F, Shen Q, Zhao R, Yang X. Zinc-α2-Glycoprotein Knockout Influenced Genes Expression Profile in Adipose Tissue and Decreased the Lipid Mobilizing After Dexamethasone Treatment in Mice. Horm Metab Res 2020; 52:755-763. [PMID: 32542628 DOI: 10.1055/a-1186-0649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG), as an adipokine, plays an important role in lipid metabolism. However, its influence on whole gene expression profile in adipose tissue is not known. Under stress condition, how ZAG affects the lipid metabolism is also unclear. Therefore, in this study ZAG systemic knockout (KO) mice were used as a model to reveal the genes expression profile in visceral fat tissues of ZAG KO mice and wild-type mice by genome-wide microarray screening. Then dexamethasone (DEX) was used to explore the effect of ZAG deletion on body fat metabolism under stress. Our results showed that 179 genes were differentially expressed more than 1.5 times between ZAG KO mice and wild type mice, of which 26 genes were upregulated dramatically and 153 genes were significantly downregulated. Under DEX simulated stress, ZAG systemic knockout in vivo resulted in a markedly decrease of triglycerides (TG) and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) content in in plasma. Similarly, for lipid catabolism, ZAG KO led to a significant increase of phosphorylated HSL (p-HSL) protein and a rising tendency of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) protein relative to those of the DEX group. For lipid anabolism, fatty acid synthase (FAS) and adiponectin protein expression in visceral fat rose notably in ZAG KO mice after DEX treatment. In conclusion, ZAG knockout can affect the gene expression profile of adipose tissue, reduce elevated TG and NEFA levels in plasma, and alter lipid metabolism under DEX treatment. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism of lipid metabolic disorders in response to stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenge Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yu Qiao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Fulei Qi
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Qingyi Shen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
de Guia RM. Stress, glucocorticoid signaling pathway, and metabolic disorders. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:1273-1280. [PMID: 32755820 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Glucocorticoids and the GR serve as an essential molecular mediator of stress and different physiologic processes. This review summarizes main findings from studies on the role of the GC/GR signaling in the modulation of genes for nutrient processing by the different organs involved in metabolic diseases. METHODS Descriptive review of relevant papers known to the author was conducted. RESULTS Several high-throughput screenings in the past 15 years have identified potential GR DNA-binding regions in different cell types with genes that are annotated to be important for the control of metabolism. Transcriptional regulation of these GC-responsive genes provides links between the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) and systemic energy homeostasis in both physiological and pathophysiological states. Future studies must reconsider the use of agonist, the utilization of animal models of stress and metabolic disorders, and validation in humans. CONCLUSION This review recapitulates the significant role of the GC/GR signaling in molecular metabolic control and metabolic disorders. Potential future research focus and optimizations have also been identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roldan M de Guia
- Joint Division Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance and Network Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Keio Global Research Institute (KGRI) and Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Czech Centre for Phenogenomics (CCP), Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gallagher KM, Roderick JE, Tan SH, Tan TK, Murphy L, Yu J, Li R, O'Connor KW, Zhu J, Green MR, Sanda T, Kelliher MA. ESRRB regulates glucocorticoid gene expression in mice and patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood Adv 2020; 4:3154-3168. [PMID: 32658986 PMCID: PMC7362368 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic glucocorticoids (GCs), such as dexamethasone and prednisone, remain key components of therapy for patients with lymphoid malignancies. For pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), response to GCs remains the most reliable prognostic indicator; failure to respond to GC correlates with poor event-free survival. To uncover GC resistance mechanisms, we performed a genome-wide, survival-based short hairpin RNA screen and identified the orphan nuclear receptor estrogen-related receptor-β (ESRRB) as a critical transcription factor that cooperates with the GC receptor (GR) to mediate the GC gene expression signature in mouse and human ALL cells. Esrrb knockdown interfered with the expression of genes that were induced and repressed by GR and resulted in GC resistance in vitro and in vivo. Dexamethasone treatment stimulated ESRRB binding to estrogen-related receptor elements (ERREs) in canonical GC-regulated genes, and H3K27Ac Hi-chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed increased interactions between GR- and ERRE-containing regulatory regions in dexamethasone-treated human T-ALL cells. Furthermore, ESRRB agonists enhanced GC target gene expression and synergized with dexamethasone to induce leukemic cell death, indicating that ESRRB agonists may overcome GC resistance in ALL, and potentially, in other lymphoid malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayleigh M Gallagher
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA; and
| | - Justine E Roderick
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA; and
| | - Shi Hao Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Center of Translational Medicine, Singapore
| | - Tze King Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Center of Translational Medicine, Singapore
| | - Leonard Murphy
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA; and
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA; and
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA; and
| | - Kevin W O'Connor
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA; and
| | - Julie Zhu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA; and
| | - Michael R Green
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA; and
| | - Takaomi Sanda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Center of Translational Medicine, Singapore
| | - Michelle A Kelliher
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA; and
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Luijten IHN, Brooks K, Boulet N, Shabalina IG, Jaiprakash A, Carlsson B, Fischer AW, Cannon B, Nedergaard J. Glucocorticoid-Induced Obesity Develops Independently of UCP1. Cell Rep 2020; 27:1686-1698.e5. [PMID: 31067456 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
An excess of glucocorticoids leads to the development of obesity in both mice and humans, but the mechanism for this is unknown. Here, we determine the extent to which decreased BAT thermogenic capacity (as a result of glucocorticoid treatment) contributes to the development of obesity. Contrary to previous suggestions, we show that only in mice housed at thermoneutrality (30°C) does corticosterone treatment reduce total BAT UCP1 protein. This reduction is reflected in reduced brown adipocyte cellular and mitochondrial UCP1-dependent respiration. However, glucocorticoid-induced obesity develops to the same extent in animals housed at 21°C and 30°C, whereas total BAT UCP1 protein levels differ 100-fold between the two groups. In corticosterone-treated wild-type and UCP1 knockout mice housed at 30°C, obesity also develops to the same extent. Thus, our results demonstrate that the development of glucocorticoid-induced obesity is not caused by a decreased UCP1-dependent thermogenic capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ineke H N Luijten
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katie Brooks
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nathalie Boulet
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Irina G Shabalina
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ankita Jaiprakash
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bo Carlsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander W Fischer
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Cannon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Nedergaard
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Omer NA, Hu Y, Idriss AA, Abobaker H, Hou Z, Yang S, Ma W, Zhao R. Dietary betaine improves egg-laying rate in hens through hypomethylation and glucocorticoid receptor-mediated activation of hepatic lipogenesis-related genes. Poult Sci 2020; 99:3121-3132. [PMID: 32475449 PMCID: PMC7597640 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In avian species, liver lipid metabolism plays an important role in egg laying performance. Previous studies indicate that betaine supplementation in laying hens improves egg production. However, it remains unclear if betaine improves laying performance by affecting hepatic lipid metabolism and what mechanisms are involved. We fed laying hens a 0.5% betaine-supplemented diet for 4 wks to investigate its effect on hepatic lipids metabolism in vivo and confirmed its mechanism via in vitro experiments using embryonic chicken hepatocytes. Results showed that betaine supplemented diet enhanced laying production by 4.3% compared with normal diet, accompanied with increased liver and plasma triacylglycerol concentrations (P < 0.05) in hens. Simultaneously, key genes involved in hepatic lipid synthesis, such as sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), fatty acid synthase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) were markedly upregulated at the mRNA level (P < 0.05). Western blot results showed that SREBP-1 and SCD1 protein levels were also increased (P < 0.05). Moreover, mRNA expression of main apolipoprotein components of yolk-targeted lipoproteins, apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and apolipoprotein-V1 (ApoV1), in addition to microsomal triglyceride transfer proteins, which is closely related to the synthesis and release of very-low density lipoprotein, were also markedly elevated (P < 0.05). Methylated DNA immunoprecipitation combined with PCR detects reduction of methylation levels in certain regions of the above gene promoters. Chromatin immunoprecipitation PCR assays showed increased binding of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) to SREBP1 and ApoB gene promoters. Similar results of ApoV1 gene expression were obtained from cultured hepatocytes treated with betaine. Additionally, betaine increased the expression of GR and some genes involved in methionine cycle in vitro. These results suggest that betaine supplementation could alter the expression of liver lipid synthesis and transport-related genes by modifying the methylation status and GR binding on their promoter and hence promote the synthesis and release of yolk precursor substances in the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nagmeldin A Omer
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China; College of Allied Medical Sciences, University of Nyala, Nyala, Sudan
| | - Yun Hu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Abdulrahman A Idriss
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Halima Abobaker
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Hou
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Shu Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Wenqiang Ma
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China.
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
van der Sluis RJ, Hoekstra M. Glucocorticoids are active players and therapeutic targets in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 504:110728. [PMID: 31968221 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adrenal-derived glucocorticoids mediate the physiological response to stress. Chronic disturbances in glucocorticoid homeostasis, i.e. in Addison's and Cushing's disease patients, predispose to the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Here we review preclinical and clinical findings regarding the relation between changes in plasma glucocorticoid levels and the atherosclerosis extent. It appears that, although the altered glucocorticoid function can in most cases be restored in the different patient groups, current therapies do not necessarily reverse the associated risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. In our opinion much attention should therefore be given to the development of a Cushing's disease mouse model that can (1) effectively replicate the effect of hypercortisolemia on atherosclerosis outcome observed in humans and (2) be used to investigate, in a preclinical setting, the relative impact on atherosclerosis susceptibility of already available (e.g. metyrapone) and potentially novel (i.e. SR-BI activity modulators) therapeutic agents that target the adrenal glucocorticoid output.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J van der Sluis
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Menno Hoekstra
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Xie X, Xiao Q, Xiong Z, Yu C, Zhou J, Fu Z. Crocin-I ameliorates the disruption of lipid metabolism and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota induced by chronic corticosterone in mice. Food Funct 2020; 10:6779-6791. [PMID: 31576875 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01533g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used as anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs. However, chronic treatment with GCs in clinical settings has a series of side effects, such as metabolic disorders, gut microbiota dysbiosis and neurological impairment. Therefore, searching for a functional substance that can alleviate these side effects is greatly meaningful to clinical patients. Crocin is the main active ingredient of saffron, which has been reported to have numerous pharmacological activities. However, the action of crocin-I, one major member of the crocin family, on the physiological mediation in the individuals receiving GC treatment remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of crocin-I on lipid metabolism and the gut microbiota in a mouse model of chronic corticosterone (CORT) treatment. Our findings showed that crocin-I reduced the levels of triglycerides and total cholesterol and the ratio of low density lipoprotein to high density lipoprotein in the serum of CORT-treated mice. In addition, transcriptome analysis revealed that crocin-I was effective in mediating the amelioration of lipid metabolism, mainly in fatty acid metabolism and steroid biosynthesis in CORT-treated mice. Moreover, metabolome analysis demonstrated that crocin-I could restore the disturbed metabolites in the liver of CORT-treated mice, most of which are long-chain fatty acids. Furthermore, high-throughput sequencing of 16s rRNA revealed that crocin-I could mitigate the dysbiosis of the gut microbiota caused by CORT at a dose of 40 mg kg-1, by resulting in a significant increase in the alpha diversity of the microbes in the cecal contents and a significant reduction in the abundance of Firmicutes, whereas by increasing the abundance of Bacteroidetes. These results indicated that oral administration of crocin-I could modify the composition of the gut microbiota and alleviate hepatic lipid disorder in mice treated with a high dose of GCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxian Xie
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Effects of stress-induced increases of corticosterone on circulating triglyceride levels, biliverdin concentration, and heme oxygenase expression. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2020; 240:110608. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.110608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
34
|
Alessi J, de Oliveira GB, Schaan BD, Telo GH. Dexamethasone in the era of COVID-19: friend or foe? An essay on the effects of dexamethasone and the potential risks of its inadvertent use in patients with diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2020; 12:80. [PMID: 32922517 PMCID: PMC7476640 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-020-00583-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The disclosure in the media of a benefit with the use of dexamethasone in patients with COVID-19 infection sets precedents for self-medication and inappropriate use of corticosteroids. METHODS This is a critical interpretive synthesis of the data available in the literature on the effects of the use of corticosteroids and the impact that their indiscriminate use may have on patients with diabetes. Reviews and observational and experimental studies published until June 18, 2020 were selected. RESULTS Corticosteroids are substances derived from cholesterol metabolism that interfere with multiple aspects of glucose homeostasis. Interactions between corticoid receptors and target genes seem to be among the mechanisms responsible for the critical functions of glucocorticoids for survival and anti-inflammatory effects observed with these medications. Corticosteroids increase hepatic gluconeogenesis, reduce peripheral use of glucose and increase insulin levels. Previous studies have shown that glucocorticoids have a pro-adipogenic function, increasing deposition of abdominal fat, and lead to glucose intolerance and hypertriglyceridemia. In addition, these drugs play a role in controlling liver metabolism and can lead to the development of hepatic steatosis. Glucocorticoids reduce the recruitment of osteoblasts and increase the number of osteoclasts, which results in increased bone resorption and greater bone fragility. Moreover, these medications cause water and sodium retention and increase the response to circulating vasoconstrictors, which results in increased blood pressure levels. Chronic or high-dose use of corticosteroids can, by itself, lead to the onset of diabetes. For those who were already diagnosed with diabetes, studies show that chronic use of corticosteroids leads to a 94% higher risk of hospitalization due to diabetes complications. In addition to the direct effects on glycemic control, the effects on arterial pressure control, lipids and bone metabolism also have a potential for severe consequences in patients with diabetes. CONCLUSION Fear and uncertainty toward a potentially serious infection may lead people to self-medication and the inappropriate and abusive use of corticosteroids. More than ever, it is necessary for health professionals to be alert and able to predict damages related to the use of these drugs, which is the first step to minimize the potential damages to come.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janine Alessi
- Medical Science Program: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital São Lucas-Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Giovana B. de Oliveira
- School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Beatriz D. Schaan
- Medical Science Program: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Health Technology Assessment (IATS), CNPq, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gabriela H. Telo
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital São Lucas-Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Health Technology Assessment (IATS), CNPq, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Medicine and Health Sciences Program, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Safran T, Abi-Rafeh J, Alhalabi B, Davison PG. The Potential Role of Corticosteroid Prophylaxis for the Prevention of Microscopic Fat Embolism Syndrome in Gluteal Augmentations. Aesthet Surg J 2020; 40:78-89. [PMID: 31152663 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjz166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microscopic fat embolism syndrome (micro-FES) has been recently identified as a potentially fatal complication following gluteal augmentation utilizing autologous fat grafts; safety recommendations advocating for subcutaneous lipo-injections may be insufficient for its prevention. OBJECTIVES The authors of this systematic review evaluated the potential role of corticosteroid prophylaxis for the prevention of micro-FES in gluteal augmentation procedures. METHODS The authors performed a systematic search employing the National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Medline, and Embase databases. Search terms were those pertaining to studies reporting the efficacy of prophylactic corticosteroid administration on micro-FES incidence in a high-risk surrogate population. RESULTS Thirteen articles met the inclusion criteria for review, comprising 2 studies reporting on the efficacy of a single intravenous (IV) corticosteroid dose for the prophylaxis of micro-FES, 9 studies reporting on multiple prophylactic IV doses, and 2 additional studies reporting on the efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids in this context. All studies were identified from the orthopedic literature given that none were available directly from within plastic surgery. The prophylactic efficacy of multiple IV doses of methylprednisolone, or a single larger dose, was established, whereas the efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids remains elusive. CONCLUSIONS A single perioperative IV dose of methylprednisolone may be most appropriate for utilization by plastic surgeons; the safety and implication of this therapy on wound healing and fat graft survival are discussed. Further studies directly evaluating the efficacy of corticosteroid prophylaxis in the gluteal augmentation population are indicated. Finally, recommendations pertaining to the prevention, timely recognition, and effective management of micro-FES are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Safran
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Becher Alhalabi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Peter G Davison
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Blubber proteome response to repeated ACTH administration in a wild marine mammal. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2019; 33:100644. [PMID: 31786479 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2019.100644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
While the response to acute stress is adaptive in nature, repeated or chronic stress can impact an animal's fitness by depleting its energy stores and suppressing immune function and reproduction. This can be especially deleterious for species that rely on energy reserves to fuel key life history stages (e.g. reproduction), already experience physiological extremes (e.g. fasting), and/or have undergone significant population declines, such as many marine mammals. However, identifying chronically stressed individuals is difficult due to the practical challenges to sample collection from large aquatic animals and a paucity of information on downstream consequences of the stress response. We previously simulated repeated stress by ACTH administration in a model marine mammal, the northern elephant seal, and showed that changes in blubber gene expression, but not circulating cortisol levels, could distinguish between single and repeated responses to ACTH. Here, we profiled changes in the proteome of the same blubber cell population and identified a set of differentially expressed proteins that included extracellular matrix components, heat shock and mitochondrial proteins, metabolic enzymes, and metabolite transporters. Differentially expressed proteins and genes shared similar functions that suggest that repeated corticosteroid elevation may affect blubber tissue proteostasis, mitochondrial activity, adipogenesis, and metabolism in marine mammals. For marine mammal species from which blubber biopsies, but not blood can be obtained by remote sampling, measurement of abundance of such proteins may serve as a novel method for identifying chronically stressed animals.
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhang M, Li F, Ma XF, Li WT, Jiang RR, Han RL, Li GX, Wang YB, Li ZY, Tian YD, Kang XT, Sun GR. Identification of differentially expressed genes and pathways between intramuscular and abdominal fat-derived preadipocyte differentiation of chickens in vitro. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:743. [PMID: 31615399 PMCID: PMC6794883 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The distribution and deposition of fat tissue in different parts of the body are the key factors affecting the carcass quality and meat flavour of chickens. Intramuscular fat (IMF) content is an important factor associated with meat quality, while abdominal fat (AbF) is regarded as one of the main factors affecting poultry slaughter efficiency. To investigate the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and molecular regulatory mechanisms related to adipogenic differentiation between IMF- and AbF-derived preadipocytes, we analysed the mRNA expression profiles in preadipocytes (0d, Pre-) and adipocytes (10d, Ad-) from IMF and AbF of Gushi chickens. RESULTS AbF-derived preadipocytes exhibited a higher adipogenic differentiation ability (96.4% + 0.6) than IMF-derived preadipocytes (86.0% + 0.4) (p < 0.01). By Ribo-Zero RNA sequencing, we obtained 4403 (2055 upregulated and 2348 downregulated) and 4693 (2797 upregulated and 1896 downregulated) DEGs between preadipocytes and adipocytes in the IMF and Ad groups, respectively. For IMF-derived preadipocyte differentiation, pathways related to the PPAR signalling pathway, ECM-receptor interaction and focal adhesion pathway were significantly enriched. For AbF-derived preadipocyte differentiation, the steroid biosynthesis pathways, calcium signaling pathway and ECM-receptor interaction pathway were significantly enriched. A large number of DEGs related to lipid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism and preadipocyte differentiation, such as PPARG, ACSBG2, FABP4, FASN, APOA1 and INSIG1, were identified in our study. CONCLUSION This study revealed large transcriptomic differences between IMF- and AbF-derived preadipocyte differentiation. A large number of DEGs and transcription factors that were closely related to fatty acid metabolism, lipid metabolism and preadipocyte differentiation were identified in the present study. Additionally, the microenvironment of IMF- and AbF-derived preadipocyte may play a significant role in adipogenic differentiation. This study provides valuable evidence to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying adipogenesis and fat deposition in chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.,Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.,The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Fang Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.,Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xiang-Fei Ma
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.,Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Wen-Ting Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.,Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Rui-Rui Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.,Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Rui-Li Han
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.,Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Guo-Xi Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.,Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yan-Bin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.,Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zi-Yi Li
- The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Ya-Dong Tian
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.,Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xiang-Tao Kang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.,Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Gui-Rong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China. .,Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ramshanker N, Jessen N, Voss TS, Pedersen SB, Jørgensen JOL, Nielsen TS, Frystyk J, Møller N. Effects of short-term prednisolone treatment on indices of lipolysis and lipase signaling in abdominal adipose tissue in healthy humans. Metabolism 2019; 99:1-10. [PMID: 31260678 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoid (GC) excess increases lipolysis, circulating free fatty acid concentrations and lipid oxidation rates in humans. In vitro and animal studies have shown that GCs increase adipocyte ATGL and HSL mRNA contents and HSL phosphorylations, but the effects of GC on in vivo lipase signaling in humans are uncertain. Our study was designed to test how GC administration affects ATGL and HSL related signals in human adipose tissue. MATERIAL AND METHODS Nine healthy young men underwent 5 days administration of 37.5 mg prednisolone/d in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover design. At the end of each 5 d period the subjects were studied after an overnight fast for 6.5 h including a basal period and a 2½ h hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. Adipose tissue biopsies were sampled from the abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue at the end of the basal period and the clamp. RESULTS GC treatment increased serum FFA concentrations and comparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58) mRNA - an ATGL activator - and decreased G0/G1 switch 2 gene (G0S2) mRNA - an ATGL inhibitor - in adipose tissue biopsies. In addition, pro-lipolytic ser563 HSL phosphorylations and protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation of PLIN1 (Perilipin-1) increased. The transcripts of ANGPTL4 (Angiopoietin-like 4) mRNA - a regulator of circulating triglycerides - were elevated by GC; as were CIDE (Cell-death Inducing DNA fragmentation factor-α-like Effector)-A and CIDE-C mRNA transcripts indicative of concurrent stimulation of lipolysis and lipogenesis. Finally GCs reduced insulin receptor phosphorylation, and Akt protein levels. CONCLUSIONS High dose GC administration to humans leads to pro-lipolytic alterations of CGI-58, G0S2 and ANGPTL4 mRNA transcripts, increases PKA signaling to lipolysis and inhibits the insulin signal in adipose tissue. The increased CIDE-A and CIDE-C mRNA levels suggest concomitant stimulation of lipolysis and lipid storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nilani Ramshanker
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 165, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Niels Jessen
- Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 99, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thomas Schmidt Voss
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 165, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Steen Bønløkke Pedersen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle-Juul Jensens Blvd. 99, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Jens Otto Lunde Jørgensen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle-Juul Jensens Blvd. 99, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Thomas Svava Nielsen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3A, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jan Frystyk
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 165, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Niels Møller
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 165, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle-Juul Jensens Blvd. 99, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gasparini SJ, Swarbrick MM, Kim S, Thai LJ, Henneicke H, Cavanagh LL, Tu J, Weber MC, Zhou H, Seibel MJ. Androgens sensitise mice to glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance and fat accumulation. Diabetologia 2019; 62:1463-1477. [PMID: 31098671 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-4887-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Chronic glucocorticoid therapy causes insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, abnormal fat accumulation, loss of muscle mass and osteoporosis. Here we describe a hitherto unknown sexual dimorphism in the metabolic response to chronic glucocorticoid exposure in mice. This led us to investigate whether glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance and obesity were dependent on sex hormones. METHODS Male and female CD1 mice were treated for 4 weeks with supraphysiological doses (~250 μg/day) of corticosterone, the main glucocorticoid in rodents, or equivalent volume of vehicle (drinking water without corticosterone). To investigate the effects of sex hormones, a separate group of mice were either orchidectomised or ovariectomised prior to corticosterone treatment, with or without dihydrotestosterone replacement. Body composition was determined before and after corticosterone treatment, and insulin tolerance was assessed after 7 and 28 days of treatment. Adipocyte morphology was assessed in white and brown adipose tissues by immunohistochemistry, and fasting serum concentrations of NEFA, triacylglycerols, total cholesterol and free glycerol were measured using colorimetric assays. Obesity- and diabetes-related hormones were measured using multiplex assays, and RNA and protein expression in adipose tissues were measured by RT-PCR and immunoblotting, respectively. RESULTS Chronic corticosterone treatment led to insulin resistance, fasting hyperinsulinaemia, increased adiposity and dyslipidaemia in male, but not female mice. In males, orchidectomy improved baseline insulin sensitivity and attenuated corticosterone-induced insulin resistance, but did not prevent fat accumulation. In androgen-deficient mice (orchidectomised males, and intact and ovariectomised females) treated with dihydrotestosterone, corticosterone treatment led to insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia. In brown adipose tissue, androgens were required for corticosterone-induced intracellular lipid accumulation ('whitening'), and dihydrotestosterone specifically exacerbated corticosterone-induced accumulation of white adipose tissue by increasing adipocyte hypertrophy. Androgens also suppressed circulating adiponectin concentrations, but corticosterone-induced insulin resistance did not involve additional suppression of adiponectin levels. In white adipose tissue, androgens were required for induction of the glucocorticoid target gene Gilz (also known as Tsc22d3) by corticosterone. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In mice, androgens potentiate the development of insulin resistance, fat accumulation and brown adipose tissue whitening following chronic glucocorticoid treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia J Gasparini
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Gate 3, Hospital Road, Concord, NSW, 2139, Australia
| | - Michael M Swarbrick
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Gate 3, Hospital Road, Concord, NSW, 2139, Australia
| | - Sarah Kim
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Gate 3, Hospital Road, Concord, NSW, 2139, Australia
| | - Lee J Thai
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Gate 3, Hospital Road, Concord, NSW, 2139, Australia
| | - Holger Henneicke
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Gate 3, Hospital Road, Concord, NSW, 2139, Australia
- Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lauryn L Cavanagh
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Gate 3, Hospital Road, Concord, NSW, 2139, Australia
| | - Jinwen Tu
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Gate 3, Hospital Road, Concord, NSW, 2139, Australia
| | - Marie-Christin Weber
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Gate 3, Hospital Road, Concord, NSW, 2139, Australia
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hong Zhou
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Gate 3, Hospital Road, Concord, NSW, 2139, Australia
- Concord Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Markus J Seibel
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Gate 3, Hospital Road, Concord, NSW, 2139, Australia.
- Concord Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 in the medial prefrontal cortex promotes stress resilience by reducing inflammatory processes. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3146. [PMID: 31316053 PMCID: PMC6637233 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10904-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress can promote the development of psychiatric disorders, though some individuals are more vulnerable to stress compared to others who are more resilient. Here we show that the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 (S1PR3) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of rats regulates resilience to chronic social defeat stress. S1PR3 expression is elevated in the mPFC of resilient compared to vulnerable and control rats. Virally-mediated over-expression of S1PR3 in the mPFC produces a resilient phenotype whereas its knock-down produces a vulnerable phenotype, characterized by increased anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors, and these effects are mediated by TNFα. Furthermore, we show that S1PR3 mRNA in blood is reduced in veterans with PTSD compared to combat-exposed control subjects and its expression negatively correlates with symptom severity. Together, these data identify S1PR3 as a regulator of stress resilience and reveal sphingolipid receptors as important substrates of relevance to stress-related psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
|
41
|
Malkawi AK, Masood A, Shinwari Z, Jacob M, Benabdelkamel H, Matic G, Almuhanna F, Dasouki M, Alaiya AA, Rahman AMA. Proteomic Analysis of Morphologically Changed Tissues after Prolonged Dexamethasone Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133122. [PMID: 31247941 PMCID: PMC6650964 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged dexamethasone (Dex) administration leads to serious adverse and decrease brain and heart size, muscular atrophy, hemorrhagic liver, and presence of kidney cysts. Herein, we used an untargeted proteomic approach using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for simultaneous identification of changes in proteomes of the major organs in Sprague–Dawley (SD rats post Dex treatment. The comparative and quantitative proteomic analysis of the brain, heart, muscle, liver, and kidney tissues revealed differential expression of proteins (n = 190, 193, 39, 230, and 53, respectively) between Dex-treated and control rats. Functional network analysis using ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA revealed significant differences in regulation of metabolic pathways within the morphologically changed organs that related to: (i) brain—cell morphology, nervous system development, and function and neurological disease; (ii) heart—cellular development, cellular function and maintenance, connective tissue development and function; (iii) skeletal muscle—nucleic acid metabolism, and small molecule biochemical pathways; (iv) liver—lipid metabolism, small molecular biochemistry, and nucleic acid metabolism; and (v) kidney—drug metabolism, organism injury and abnormalities, and renal damage. Our study provides a comprehensive description of the organ-specific proteomic profilesand differentially altered biochemical pathways, after prolonged Dex treatement to understand the molecular basis for development of side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abeer K Malkawi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrook Street West, Montréal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
- Department of Comparative Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (KFSHRC), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afshan Masood
- Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (98), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zakia Shinwari
- Stem Cell & Tissue Re-Engineering Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (KFSHRC), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Minnie Jacob
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (KFSHRC), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
- College of Public Health, Medical, and Veterinary Sciences/Molecular & Cell Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Hicham Benabdelkamel
- Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (98), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Goran Matic
- Department of Comparative Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (KFSHRC), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Falah Almuhanna
- Department of Comparative Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (KFSHRC), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Dasouki
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (KFSHRC), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayodele A Alaiya
- Stem Cell & Tissue Re-Engineering Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (KFSHRC), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas M Abdel Rahman
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (KFSHRC), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia.
- College of Medicine, Al Faisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X7, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abulizi A, Camporez JP, Jurczak MJ, Høyer KF, Zhang D, Cline GW, Samuel VT, Shulman GI, Vatner DF. Adipose glucocorticoid action influences whole-body metabolism via modulation of hepatic insulin action. FASEB J 2019; 33:8174-8185. [PMID: 30922125 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802706r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The connection between adipose glucocorticoid action and whole-body metabolism is incompletely understood. Thus, we generated adipose tissue-specific glucocorticoid receptor-knockout (Ad-GcR-/-) mice to explore potential mechanisms. Ad-GcR-/- mice had a lower concentration of fasting plasma nonesterified fatty acids and less hepatic steatosis. This was associated with increased protein kinase B phosphorylation and increased hepatic glycogen synthesis after an oral glucose challenge. High-fat diet (HFD)-fed Ad-GcR-/- mice were protected against the development of hepatic steatosis and diacylglycerol-PKCε-induced impairments in hepatic insulin signaling. Under hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic conditions, hepatic insulin response was ∼10-fold higher in HFD-fed Ad-GcR-/- mice. Insulin-mediated suppression of adipose lipolysis was improved by 40% in Ad-GcR-/- mice. Adipose triglyceride lipase expression was decreased and insulin-mediated perilipin dephosphorylation was increased in Ad-GcR-/- mice. In metabolic cages, food intake decreased by 3 kcal/kg per hour in Ad-GcR-/- mice. Therefore, physiologic adipose glucocorticoid action appears to drive hepatic lipid accumulation during stressors such as fasting. The resultant hepatic insulin resistance prevents hepatic glycogen synthesis, preserving glucose for glucose-dependent organs. Absence of adipose glucocorticoid action attenuates HFD-induced hepatic insulin resistance; potential explanations for reduction in hepatic steatosis include reductions in adipose lipolysis and food intake.-Abulizi, A., Camporez, J.-P., Jurczak, M. J., Høyer, K. F., Zhang, D., Cline, G. W., Samuel, V. T., Shulman, G. I., Vatner, D. F. Adipose glucocorticoid action influences whole-body metabolism via modulation of hepatic insulin action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abudukadier Abulizi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - João-Paulo Camporez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michael J Jurczak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kasper F Høyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Magnetic Resonance Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dongyan Zhang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gary W Cline
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Varman T Samuel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Daniel F Vatner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hayashi R, Okuno Y, Mukai K, Kitamura T, Hayakawa T, Onodera T, Murata M, Fukuhara A, Imamura R, Miyagawa Y, Nonomura N, Otsuki M, Shimomura I. Adipocyte GR Inhibits Healthy Adipose Expansion Through Multiple Mechanisms in Cushing Syndrome. Endocrinology 2019; 160:504-521. [PMID: 30649271 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In Cushing syndrome, excessive glucocorticoids lead to metabolic disturbances, such as insulin resistance, adipocyte hypertrophy, and liver steatosis. In vitro experiments have highlighted the importance of adipocyte glucocorticoid receptor (GR), but its metabolic roles in vivo have not been fully elucidated in Cushing syndrome. In this study, using clinical samples from patients with Cushing syndrome and adipocyte-specific GR knockout (AGRKO) mice, we investigated the roles of adipocyte GR and its clinical relevance in Cushing syndrome. Under chronic treatment with corticosterone, AGRKO mice underwent healthy adipose expansion with diminished ectopic lipid deposition and improved insulin sensitivity. These changes were associated with Atgl-mediated lipolysis through a novel intronic glucocorticoid-responsive element. Additionally, integrated analysis with RNA sequencing of AGRKO mice and clinical samples revealed that healthy adipose expansion was associated with dysregulation of tissue remodeling, preadipocyte proliferation, and expression of the circadian gene. Thus, our study revealed the roles of adipocyte GR on healthy adipose expansion and its multiple mechanisms in Cushing syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Hayashi
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yosuke Okuno
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Mukai
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Kitamura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Hayakawa
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Onodera
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiko Murata
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsunori Fukuhara
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Imamura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Miyagawa
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michio Otsuki
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ishijima Y, Ohmori S, Uneme A, Aoki Y, Kobori M, Ohida T, Arai M, Hosaka M, Ohneda K. The Gata2 repression during 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation is dependent on a rapid decrease in histone acetylation in response to glucocorticoid receptor activation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 483:39-49. [PMID: 30615908 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor GATA2 is an anti-adipogenic factor whose expression is downregulated during adipocyte differentiation. The present study attempted to clarify the molecular mechanism underlying the GATA2 repression and found that the repression is dependent on the activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) during 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. Although several recognition sequences for GR were found in both the proximal and distal regions of the Gata2 locus, the promoter activity was not affected by the GR activation in the reporter assays, and the CRISPR-Cas9-mediated deletion of the two distal regions of the Gata2 locus was not involved in the GR-mediated Gata2 repression. Notably, the level of histone acetylation was markedly reduced at the Gata2 locus during 3T3-L1 differentiation, and the GR-mediated Gata2 repression was significantly relieved by histone deacetylase inhibition. These results suggest that GR regulates the Gata2 gene by reducing histone acetylation in the early phase of adipogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Ishijima
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Shin'ya Ohmori
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Ai Uneme
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Yusuke Aoki
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Miki Kobori
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Terutoshi Ohida
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Momoko Arai
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Misa Hosaka
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Kinuko Ohneda
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Mousovich‐Neto F, Matos MS, Costa ACR, Melo Reis RA, Atella GC, Miranda‐Alves L, Carvalho DP, Ketzer LA, Corrêa da Costa VM. Brown adipose tissue remodelling induced by corticosterone in male Wistar rats. Exp Physiol 2019; 104:514-528. [DOI: 10.1113/ep087332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felippe Mousovich‐Neto
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brasil
| | - Marina Souza Matos
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brasil
| | - Anna Carolina Rego Costa
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brasil
| | - Ricardo Augusto Melo Reis
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brasil
| | - Georgia Correa Atella
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Lipídeos e Lipoproteínas Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brasil
| | - Leandro Miranda‐Alves
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brasil
| | - Denise P. Carvalho
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brasil
| | - Luisa Andrea Ketzer
- Núcleo Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa UFRJ‐Xerém em Biologia Campus Duque de Caxias Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brasil
| | - Vânia Maria Corrêa da Costa
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bursać B, Djordjevic A, Veličković N, Milutinović DV, Petrović S, Teofilović A, Gligorovska L, Preitner F, Tappy L, Matić G. Involvement of glucocorticoid prereceptor metabolism and signaling in rat visceral adipose tissue lipid metabolism after chronic stress combined with high-fructose diet. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 476:110-118. [PMID: 29729371 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Both fructose overconsumption and increased glucocorticoids secondary to chronic stress may contribute to overall dyslipidemia. In this study we specifically assessed the effects and interactions of dietary fructose and chronic stress on lipid metabolism in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of male Wistar rats. We analyzed the effects of 9-week 20% high fructose diet and 4-week chronic unpredictable stress, separately and in combination, on VAT histology, glucocorticoid prereceptor metabolism, glucocorticoid receptor subcellular redistribution and expression of major metabolic genes. Blood triglycerides and fatty acid composition were also measured to assess hepatic Δ9 desaturase activity. The results showed that fructose diet increased blood triglycerides and Δ9 desaturase activity. On the other hand, stress led to corticosterone elevation, glucocorticoid receptor activation and decrease in adipocyte size, while phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, adipose tissue triglyceride lipase, FAT/CD36 and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) were increased, pointing to VAT lipolysis and glyceroneogenesis. The combination of stress and fructose diet was associated with marked stimulation of fatty acid synthase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase mRNA level and with increased 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase protein levels, suggesting a coordinated increase in hexose monophosphate shunt and de novo lipogenesis. It however did not influence the level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, SREBP-1c and carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein. In conclusion, our results showed that only combination of dietary fructose and stress increase glucocorticoid prereceptor metabolism and stimulates lipogenic enzyme expression suggesting that interaction between stress and fructose may be instrumental in promoting VAT expansion and dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Bursać
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Djordjevic
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Nataša Veličković
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Vojnović Milutinović
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snježana Petrović
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, Belgrade, 11129, Serbia
| | - Ana Teofilović
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljupka Gligorovska
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Frederic Preitner
- Mouse Metabolic Facility (MEF), Center for Integrative genomics, University of Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luc Tappy
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, UNIL-CHUV, Rue du Bugnon 7, CH-1005, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gordana Matić
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones that play a key role in metabolic adaptations during stress, such as fasting and starvation, in order to maintain plasma glucose levels. Excess and chronic glucocorticoid exposure, however, causes metabolic syndrome including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia. Studies in animal models of metabolic disorders frequently demonstrate that suppressing glucocorticoid signaling improves insulin sensitivity and metabolic profiles. Glucocorticoids convey their signals through an intracellular glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which is a transcriptional regulator. The adipocyte is one cell type that contributes to whole body metabolic homeostasis under the influence of GR. Glucocorticoids' functions on adipose tissues are complex. Depending on various physiological or pathophysiological states as well as distinct fat depots, glucocorticoids can either increase or decrease lipid storage in adipose tissues. In rodents, glucocorticoids have been shown to reduce the thermogenic activity of brown adipocytes. However, in human acute glucocorticoid exposure, glucocorticoids act to promote thermogenesis. In this article, we will review the recent studies on the mechanisms underlying the complex metabolic functions of GR in adipocytes. These include studies of the metabolic outcomes of adipocyte specific GR knockout mice and identification of novel GR primary target genes that mediate glucocorticoid action in adipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Lee
- Endocrinology Graduate Program and Department of Nutritional Science & Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3104, USA
| | - Charles A Harris
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Jen-Chywan Wang
- Endocrinology Graduate Program and Department of Nutritional Science & Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kuri-Harcuch W, Velez-delValle C, Vazquez-Sandoval A, Hernández-Mosqueira C, Fernandez-Sanchez V. A cellular perspective of adipogenesis transcriptional regulation. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:1111-1129. [PMID: 30146705 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Adipose cells store lipids in the cytoplasm and signal systemically through secretion of adipokines and other molecules that regulate body energy metabolism. Differentiation of fat cells and its regulation has been the focus of extensive research since the early 1970s. In this review, we had attempted to examine the research bearing on the control of adipose cell differentiation, some of it dating back to the early days when Howard Green and his group described the preadipocyte cell lines 3T3-L1 and 3T3-F442A during 1974-1975. We also concentrated our attention on research published during the last few years, emphasizing data described on transcription factors that regulate adipose differentiation, outside of those that were reported earlier as part of the canonical adipogenic transcriptional cascade, which has been the subject of ample reviews by several groups of researchers. We focused on the studies carried out with the two preadipocyte cell culture models, the 3T3-L1 and 3T3-F442A cells that have provided essential data on adipose biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walid Kuri-Harcuch
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cristina Velez-delValle
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Vazquez-Sandoval
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Hernández-Mosqueira
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Veronica Fernandez-Sanchez
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Update on glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases: the roles in the development of insulin resistance. Nutr Diabetes 2018; 8:34. [PMID: 29799006 PMCID: PMC5968029 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-018-0045-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo pathway of glycerolipid synthesis. It catalyzes the conversion of glycerol-3-phosphate and long-chain acyl-CoA to lysophosphatidic acid. In mammals, four isoforms of GPATs have been identified based on subcellular localization, substrate preferences, and NEM sensitivity, and they have been classified into two groups, one including GPAT1 and GPAT2, which are localized in the mitochondrial outer membrane, and the other including GPAT3 and GPAT4, which are localized in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. GPATs play a pivotal role in the regulation of triglyceride and phospholipid synthesis. Through gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments, it has been confirmed that GPATs play a critical role in the development of obesity, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance. In line with this, the role of GPATs in metabolism was supported by studies using a GPAT inhibitor, FSG67. Additionally, the functional characteristics of GPATs and the relation between three isoforms (GPAT1, 3, and 4) and insulin resistance has been described in this review.
Collapse
|
50
|
Bauerle KT, Hutson I, Scheller EL, Harris CA. Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling Is Not Required for In Vivo Adipogenesis. Endocrinology 2018; 159:2050-2061. [PMID: 29579167 PMCID: PMC5905394 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of adipogenesis is of major interest given that adipose tissue expansion and dysfunction are central to metabolic syndrome. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are important for adipogenesis in vitro. However, establishing a role for GCs in adipogenesis in vivo has been difficult. GC receptor (GR)‒null mice die at birth, a time at which wild-type (WT) mice do not have fully developed white adipose depots. We conducted several studies aimed at defining the role of GC signaling in adipogenesis in vitro and in vivo. First, we showed that GR-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) have compromised ability to form adipocytes in vitro, a phenotype that can be partially rescued with a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist. Next, we demonstrated that MEFs are capable of forming de novo fat pads in mice despite the absence of GR or circulating GCs [by bilateral adrenalectomy (ADX)]. However, ADX and GR-null fat pads and their associated adipocyte areas were smaller than those in controls. Second, using adipocyte-specific luciferase reporter mice, we identified adipocytes in both WT and GR-null embryonic day (E)18 mouse embryos. Lastly, positive perilipin staining in WT and GR-null E18 embryos confirmed the presence of early white inguinal and brown adipocytes. Taken together, these results provide compelling evidence that GCs and GR augment but are not required for the development of functional adipose tissue in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin T Bauerle
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs St. Louis Healthcare System, John Cochran Division, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Irina Hutson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Erica L Scheller
- Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Charles A Harris
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs St. Louis Healthcare System, John Cochran Division, St. Louis, Missouri
- Correspondence: Charles A. Harris, MD, PhD, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8127, St. Louis, Missouri 63110. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|