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Yang D, Rui L, Qiu YJ, Wen TY, Ye JR, Wu XQ. The Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Effector BxNMP1 Targets PtTLP-L2 to Mediate PtGLU Promoting Parasitism and Virulence in Pinus thunbergii. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7452. [PMID: 39000560 PMCID: PMC11242139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Pinus is an important economic tree species, but pine wilt disease (PWD) seriously threatens the survival of pine trees. PWD caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is a major quarantine disease worldwide that causes significant economic losses. However, more information about its molecular pathogenesis is needed, resulting in a lack of effective prevention and treatment measures. In recent years, effectors have become a hot topic in exploring the molecular pathogenic mechanism of pathogens. Here, we identified a specific effector, BxNMP1, from B. xylophilus. In situ hybridization experiments revealed that BxNMP1 was specifically expressed in dorsal gland cells and intestinal cells, and RT-qPCR experiments revealed that BxNMP1 was upregulated in the early stage of infection. The sequence of BxNMP1 was different in the avirulent strain, and when BxNMP1-silenced B. xylophilus was inoculated into P. thunbergii seedlings, the disease severity significantly decreased. We demonstrated that BxNMP1 interacted with the thaumatin-like protein PtTLP-L2 in P. thunbergii. Additionally, we found that the β-1,3-glucanase PtGLU interacted with PtTLP-L2. Therefore, we hypothesized that BxNMP1 might indirectly interact with PtGLU through PtTLP-L2 as an intermediate mediator. Both targets can respond to infection, and PtTLP-L2 can enhance the resistance of pine trees. Moreover, we detected increased salicylic acid contents in P. thunbergii seedlings inoculated with B. xylophilus when BxNMP1 was silenced or when the PtTLP-L2 recombinant protein was added. In summary, we identified a key virulence effector of PWNs, BxNMP1. It positively regulates the pathogenicity of B. xylophilus and interacts directly with PtTLP-L2 and indirectly with PtGLU. It also inhibits the expression of two targets and the host salicylic acid pathway. This study provides theoretical guidance and a practical basis for controlling PWD and breeding for disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (D.Y.); (L.R.); (Y.-J.Q.); (T.-Y.W.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Prevention and Management of Invasive Species, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Lin Rui
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (D.Y.); (L.R.); (Y.-J.Q.); (T.-Y.W.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Prevention and Management of Invasive Species, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yi-Jun Qiu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (D.Y.); (L.R.); (Y.-J.Q.); (T.-Y.W.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Prevention and Management of Invasive Species, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Tong-Yue Wen
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (D.Y.); (L.R.); (Y.-J.Q.); (T.-Y.W.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Prevention and Management of Invasive Species, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jian-Ren Ye
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (D.Y.); (L.R.); (Y.-J.Q.); (T.-Y.W.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Prevention and Management of Invasive Species, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Wu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (D.Y.); (L.R.); (Y.-J.Q.); (T.-Y.W.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Prevention and Management of Invasive Species, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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Feng L, Wei S, Li Y. Thaumatin-like Proteins in Legumes: Functions and Potential Applications-A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1124. [PMID: 38674533 PMCID: PMC11055134 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) comprise a complex and evolutionarily conserved protein family that participates in host defense and several developmental processes in plants, fungi, and animals. Importantly, TLPs are plant host defense proteins that belong to pathogenesis-related family 5 (PR-5), and growing evidence has demonstrated that they are involved in resistance to a variety of fungal diseases in many crop plants, particularly legumes. Nonetheless, the roles and underlying mechanisms of the TLP family in legumes remain unclear. The present review summarizes recent advances related to the classification, structure, and host resistance of legume TLPs to biotic and abiotic stresses; analyzes and predicts possible protein-protein interactions; and presents their roles in phytohormone response, root nodule formation, and symbiosis. The characteristics of TLPs provide them with broad prospects for plant breeding and other uses. Searching for legume TLP genetic resources and functional genes, and further research on their precise function mechanisms are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Feng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Shaowei Wei
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Yin Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
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Basak P, Gurjar MS, Kumar TPJ, Kashyap N, Singh D, Jha SK, Saharan MS. Transcriptome analysis of Bipolaris sorokiniana - Hordeum vulgare provides insights into mechanisms of host-pathogen interaction. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1360571. [PMID: 38577688 PMCID: PMC10993733 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1360571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Spot blotch disease incited by Bipolaris sorokiniana severely affects the cultivation of barley. The resistance to B. sorokiniana is quantitative in nature and its interaction with the host is highly complex which necessitates in-depth molecular analysis. Thus, the study aimed to conduct the transcriptome analysis to decipher the mechanisms and pathways involved in interactions between barley and B. sorokiniana in both the resistant (EC0328964) and susceptible (EC0578292) genotypes using the RNA Seq approach. In the resistant genotype, 6,283 genes of Hordeum vulgare were differentially expressed out of which 5,567 genes were upregulated and 716 genes were downregulated. 1,158 genes of Hordeum vulgare were differentially expressed in the susceptible genotype, out of which 654 genes were upregulated and 504 genes were downregulated. Several defense-related genes like resistant gene analogs (RGAs), disease resistance protein RPM1, pathogenesis-related protein PRB1-2-like, pathogenesis-related protein 1, thaumatin-like protein PWIR2 and defensin Tm-AMP-D1.2 were highly expressed exclusively in resistant genotype only. The pathways involved in the metabolism and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites were the most prominently represented pathways in both the resistant and susceptible genotypes. However, pathways involved in MAPK signaling, plant-pathogen interaction, and plant hormone signal transduction were highly enriched in resistant genotype. Further, a higher number of pathogenicity genes of B. sorokiniana was found in response to the susceptible genotype. The pathways encoding for metabolism, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, ABC transporters, and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis were highly expressed in susceptible genotype in response to the pathogen. 14 and 11 genes of B. sorokiniana were identified as candidate effectors from susceptible and resistant host backgrounds, respectively. This investigation will offer valuable insights in unraveling the complex mechanisms involved in barley- B. sorokiniana interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poulami Basak
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Malkhan Singh Gurjar
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Natasha Kashyap
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Dinesh Singh
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Shailendra Kumar Jha
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Mahender Singh Saharan
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Gao Z, Sun M, Shao C, Chen Y, Xiang L, Wu J, Wang J, Chen X. Genome-wide analysis and characterization of the TaTLP gene family in wheat and functional characterization of the TaTLP44 in response to Rhizoctonia cerealis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108323. [PMID: 38183904 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Wheat sharp eyespot is a soil-borne disease caused by Rhizoctonia cerealis, which occurs in many countries worldwide and significantly reduces the yield. Thaumatin-like protein (TLP), also known as PR5, is a member of the pathogen response protein family and plays an essential role in plant resistance to pathogen infection. In this study, 131 TaTLP genes were identified from the wheat genome, of which 38 TaTLPs were newly discovered. The TaTLP gene family contains many tandem duplications and fragment duplications, which is a major pathway for gene amplification. Besides, we also analyzed the physicochemical properties, gene structure and promoter cis-acting regulatory elements of all the TaTLP genes. In addition, the expression patterns of nine TaTLPs in response to R. cerealis were analyzed by RT-qPCR. Six TaTLP proteins expressed in vitro had no significant inhibitory effect on R. cerealis, suggesting that these TaTLP proteins may function in other ways. Finally, we performed gene silencing of TaTLP44 in wheat, which increased the expression of some defense-associated genes and improved resistance to R. cerealis. In summary, we systematically analyzed TaTLP family members and demonstrated that TaTLP44 negatively regulates the resistance to R. cerealis by controlling expression of defense-associated genes. These results provide new insights into the functional mechanism of TaTLP proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Miao Sun
- College of Agronomy, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China.
| | - Chunyu Shao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yihua Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Linrun Xiang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jun Wu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xinhong Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Zhao Y, Yang X, Zhang J, Huang L, Shi Z, Tian Z, Sha A, Lu G. Thaumatin-like protein family genes VfTLP4-3 and VfTLP5 are critical for faba bean's response to drought stress at the seedling stage. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108243. [PMID: 38048701 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) are a diverse family of pathogenesis-related proteins (PR-5) found in various plant species. Faba bean is an economically important crop known for its nutritional value and resilience to harsh environmental conditions, including drought. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the gene structure, phylogenetics, and expression patterns of TLP genes in faba bean, with a specific focus on their response to drought stress. A total of 10 TLP genes were identified and characterized from the faba bean transcriptome, which could be classified into four distinct groups based on their evolutionary relationships. Conserved cysteine residues and REDDD motifs, which are characteristic features of TLPs, were found in most of the identified VfTLP members, and these proteins were likely to reside in the cytoplasm. Two genes, VfTLP4-3 and VfTLP5, exhibited significant upregulation under drought conditions. Additionally, ectopically expressing VfTLP4-3 and VfTLP5 in tobacco leaves resulted in enhanced drought tolerance and increased peroxidase (POD) activity. Moreover, the protein VfTLP4-3 was hypothesized to interact with glycoside hydrolase family 18 (GH18), endochitinase, dehydrin, Barwin, and aldolase, all of which are implicated in chitin metabolism. Conversely, VfTLP5 was anticipated to associate with peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase-like 3, a molecule linked to the synthesis of proline. These findings suggest that these genes may play crucial roles in mediating the drought response in faba bean through the regulation of these metabolic pathways, and serve as a foundation for future genetic improvement strategies targeting enhanced drought resilience in this economically important crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongguo Zhao
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, PR China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, 525000, PR China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, PR China
| | - Jiannan Zhang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, PR China; College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jinzhou, 434023, PR China
| | - Liqiong Huang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, PR China
| | - Zechen Shi
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, PR China
| | - Zhitao Tian
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430062, PR China.
| | - Aihua Sha
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jinzhou, 434023, PR China.
| | - Guangyuan Lu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, PR China.
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Zaman S, Shen J, Wang S, Song D, Wang H, Ding S, Pang X, Wang M, Wang Y, Ding Z. Effect of Shading on Physiological Attributes and Proteomic Analysis of Tea during Low Temperatures. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:63. [PMID: 38202371 PMCID: PMC10780538 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Shading is an important technique to protect tea plantations under abiotic stresses. In this study, we analyzed the effect of shading (SD60% shade vs. SD0% no-shade) on the physiological attributes and proteomic analysis of tea leaves in November and December during low temperatures. The results revealed that shading protected the tea plants, including their soil plant analysis development (SPAD), photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), and nitrogen content (N), in November and December. The proteomics analysis of tea leaves was determined using tandem mass tags (TMT) technology and a total of 7263 proteins were accumulated. Further, statistical analysis and the fold change of significant proteins (FC < 0.67 and FC > 1.5 p < 0.05) revealed 14 DAPs, 11 increased and 3 decreased, in November (nCK_vs_nSD60), 20 DAPs, 7 increased and 13 decreased, in December (dCK_vs_dSD60), and 12 DAPs, 3 increased and 9 decreased, in both November and December (nCK_vs_nSD60). These differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) were dehydrins (DHNs), late-embryogenesis abundant (LEA), thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs), glutathione S-transferase (GSTs), gibberellin-regulated proteins (GAs), proline-rich proteins (PRPs), cold and drought proteins (CORA-like), and early light-induced protein 1, which were found in the cytoplasm, nucleus, chloroplast, extra cell, and plasma membrane, and functioned in catalytic, cellular, stimulus-response, and metabolic pathways. In conclusion, the proliferation of key proteins was triggered by translation and posttranslational modifications, which might sustain membrane permeability in tea cellular compartments and could be responsible for tea protection under shading during low temperatures. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the conventional breeding technique (shading) and modern molecular technologies (proteomics) on tea plants, for the development and protection of new tea cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Zaman
- Tea Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (S.Z.); (J.S.); (S.W.)
- School of Tea and Coffee & School of Bioinformatics and Engineering, Pu’er University, 6 Xueyuan Road, Pu’er 665000, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Digital Protection and Germplasm Innovation and Application of China-Laos Tea Tree Resources in Yunnan Province, Pu’er University, 6 Xueyuan Road, Pu’er 665000, China
| | - Jiazhi Shen
- Tea Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (S.Z.); (J.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Shuangshuang Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (S.Z.); (J.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Dapeng Song
- Rizhao Tea Research Institute, Rizhao 276800, China; (D.S.); (H.W.); (S.D.); (X.P.); (M.W.)
| | - Hui Wang
- Rizhao Tea Research Institute, Rizhao 276800, China; (D.S.); (H.W.); (S.D.); (X.P.); (M.W.)
| | - Shibo Ding
- Rizhao Tea Research Institute, Rizhao 276800, China; (D.S.); (H.W.); (S.D.); (X.P.); (M.W.)
| | - Xu Pang
- Rizhao Tea Research Institute, Rizhao 276800, China; (D.S.); (H.W.); (S.D.); (X.P.); (M.W.)
| | - Mengqi Wang
- Rizhao Tea Research Institute, Rizhao 276800, China; (D.S.); (H.W.); (S.D.); (X.P.); (M.W.)
| | - Yu Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China;
| | - Zhaotang Ding
- Tea Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (S.Z.); (J.S.); (S.W.)
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Kumar D, Kirti PB. The genus Arachis: an excellent resource for studies on differential gene expression for stress tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1275854. [PMID: 38023864 PMCID: PMC10646159 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1275854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Peanut Arachis hypogaea is a segmental allotetraploid in the section Arachis of the genus Arachis along with the Section Rhizomataceae. Section Arachis has several diploid species along with Arachis hypogaea and A. monticola. The section Rhizomataceae comprises polyploid species. Several species in the genus are highly tolerant to biotic and abiotic stresses and provide excellent sets of genotypes for studies on differential gene expression. Though there were several studies in this direction, more studies are needed to identify more and more gene combinations. Next generation RNA-seq based differential gene expression study is a powerful tool to identify the genes and regulatory pathways involved in stress tolerance. Transcriptomic and proteomic study of peanut plants under biotic stresses reveals a number of differentially expressed genes such as R genes (NBS-LRR, LRR-RLK, protein kinases, MAP kinases), pathogenesis related proteins (PR1, PR2, PR5, PR10) and defense related genes (defensin, F-box, glutathione S-transferase) that are the most consistently expressed genes throughout the studies reported so far. In most of the studies on biotic stress induction, the differentially expressed genes involved in the process with enriched pathways showed plant-pathogen interactions, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, defense and signal transduction. Differential gene expression studies in response to abiotic stresses, reported the most commonly expressed genes are transcription factors (MYB, WRKY, NAC, bZIP, bHLH, AP2/ERF), LEA proteins, chitinase, aquaporins, F-box, cytochrome p450 and ROS scavenging enzymes. These differentially expressed genes are in enriched pathways of transcription regulation, starch and sucrose metabolism, signal transduction and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. These identified differentially expressed genes provide a better understanding of the resistance/tolerance mechanism, and the genes for manipulating biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in peanut and other crop plants. There are a number of differentially expressed genes during biotic and abiotic stresses were successfully characterized in peanut or model plants (tobacco or Arabidopsis) by genetic manipulation to develop stress tolerance plants, which have been detailed out in this review and more concerted studies are needed to identify more and more gene/gene combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Kumar
- Department of Microbial Genetics and Gene Expression, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Pulugurtha Bharadwaja Kirti
- Agri Biotech Foundation, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State (PJTS) Agricultural University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Li X, Xu B, Xu J, Li Z, Jiang C, Zhou Y, Yang Z, Deng M, Lv J, Zhao K. Tomato-Thaumatin-like Protein Genes Solyc08g080660 and Solyc08g080670 Confer Resistance to Five Soil-Borne Diseases by Enhancing β-1,3-Glucanase Activity. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1622. [PMID: 37628673 PMCID: PMC10454901 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Although thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) are involved in resistance to a variety of fungal diseases, whether the TLP5 and TLP6 genes in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) confer resistance to the pathogenesis of soil-borne diseases has not been demonstrated. In this study, five soil-borne diseases (fungal pathogens: Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, and Verticillium dahliae; bacterial pathogens: Clavibacter michiganense subsp. michiganense and Ralstonia solanacearum) were used to infect susceptible "No. 5" and disease-resistant "S-55" tomato cultivars. We found that SlTLP5 and SlTLP6 transcript levels were higher in susceptible cultivars treated with the three fungal pathogens than in those treated with the two bacterial pathogens and that transcript levels varied depending on the pathogen. Moreover, the SlTLP5 and SlTLP6 transcript levels were much higher in disease-resistant cultivars than in disease-susceptible cultivars, and the SlTLP5 and SlTLP6 transcript levels were higher in cultivars treated with the same fungal pathogen than in those treated with bacterial pathogens. SlTLP6 transcript levels were higher than SlTLP5. SlTLP5 and SlTLP6 overexpression and gene-edited transgenic mutants were generated in both susceptible and resistant cultivars. Overexpression and knockout increased and decreased resistance to the five diseases, respectively. Transgenic plants overexpressing SlTLP5 and SlTLP6 inhibited the activities of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and catalase (CAT) after inoculation with fungal pathogens, and the activities of POD, SOD, and APX were similar to those of fungi after infection with bacterial pathogens. The activities of CAT were increased, and the activity of β-1,3-glucanase was increased in both the fungal and bacterial treatments. Overexpressed plants were more resistant than the control plants. After SlTLP5 and SlTLP6 knockout plants were inoculated, POD, SOD, and APX had no significant changes, but CAT activity increased and decreased significantly after the fungal and bacterial treatments, contrary to overexpression. The activity of β-1,3-glucanase decreased in the treatment of the five pathogens, and the knocked-out plants were more susceptible to disease than the control. In summary, this study contributes to the further understanding of TLP disease resistance mechanisms in tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kai Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (X.L.); (Z.Y.); (M.D.); (J.L.)
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Roy Choudhury A, Trivedi P, Choi J, Madhaiyan M, Park JH, Choi W, Walitang DI, Sa T. Inoculation of ACC deaminase-producing endophytic bacteria down-regulates ethylene-induced pathogenesis-related signaling in red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) under salt stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13909. [PMID: 37026423 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenesis-related (PR) signaling plays multiple roles in plant development under abiotic and biotic stress conditions and is regulated by a plethora of plant physiological as well as external factors. Here, our study was conducted to evaluate the role of an ACC deaminase-producing endophytic bacteria in regulating ethylene-induced PR signaling in red pepper plants under salt stress. We also evaluated the efficiency of the bacteria in down-regulating the PR signaling for efficient colonization and persistence in the plant endosphere. We used a characteristic endophyte, Methylobacterium oryzae CBMB20 and its ACC deaminase knockdown mutant (acdS- ). The wild-type M. oryzae CBMB20 was able to decrease ethylene emission by 23% compared to the noninoculated and acdS- M. oryzae CBMB20 inoculated plants under salt stress. The increase in ethylene emission resulted in enhanced hydrogen peroxide concentration, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity, β-1,3 glucanase activity, and expression profiles of WRKY, CaPR1, and CaPTI1 genes that are typical salt stress and PR signaling factors. Furthermore, the inoculation of both the bacterial strains had shown induction of PR signaling under normal conditions during the initial inoculation period. However, wild-type M. oryzae CBMB20 was able to down-regulate the ethylene-induced PR signaling under salt stress and enhance plant growth and stress tolerance. Collectively, ACC deaminase-producing endophytic bacteria down-regulate the salt stress-mediated PR signaling in plants by regulating the stress ethylene emission levels and this suggests a new paradigm in efficient colonization and persistence of ACC deaminase-producing endophytic bacteria for better plant growth and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritra Roy Choudhury
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
- Microbiome Network and Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Pankaj Trivedi
- Microbiome Network and Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Jeongyun Choi
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
- Microbiome Network and Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Munusamy Madhaiyan
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jung-Ho Park
- Bio-Evaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Science and Technology of Korea, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Wonho Choi
- Bio-Evaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Denver I Walitang
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
- College of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Romblon State University, Romblon, Philippines
| | - Tongmin Sa
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
- The Korean Academy of Science and Technology, Seongnam, South Korea
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10
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Liu Q, Sui X, Wang Y, Zhu M, Zhou Y, Gao F. Genome-Wide Analyses of Thaumatin-like Protein Family Genes Reveal the Involvement in the Response to Low-Temperature Stress in Ammopiptanthus nanus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032209. [PMID: 36768531 PMCID: PMC9917035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs), a family of proteins with high sequence similarity to thaumatin, are shown to be involved in plant defense, and are thus classified into the pathogenesis related protein family 5. Ammopiptanthus nanus is a rare evergreen broad-leaved shrub distributed in the temperate zone of Central Asia, which has a high tolerance to low-temperature stress. To characterize A. nanus TLPs and understand their roles in low-temperature response in A. nanus, a comprehensive analysis of the structure, evolution, and expression of TLP family proteins was performed. A total of 31 TLP genes were detected in the A. nanus genome, and they were divided into four groups based on their phylogenetic positions. The majority of the AnTLPs contained the conserved cysteine residues and were predicted to have the typical three-dimensional structure of plant TLPs. The primary modes of gene duplication of the AnTLP family genes were segmental duplication. The promoter regions of most AnTLP genes contain multiple cis-acting elements related to environmental stress response. Gene expression analysis based on transcriptome data and fluorescence quantitative PCR analysis revealed that several AnTLP genes were involved in cold-stress response. We further showed that a cold-induced AnTLP gene, AnTLP13, was localized in apoplast, and heterologous expression of the AnTLP13 in Escherichia coli and yeast cells and tobacco leaves enhanced low-temperature stress tolerance when compared with the control cells or seedlings. Our study provided important data for understanding the roles of TLPs in plant response to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiangyu Sui
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (F.G.); Tel.: +86-68932633 (Y.Z. & F.G.)
| | - Fei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (F.G.); Tel.: +86-68932633 (Y.Z. & F.G.)
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11
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Montoya C, Mejia-Alvarado FS, Botero-Rozo D, Ayala-Diaz IM, Romero HM. Parthenocarpy-related genes induced by naphthalene acetic acid in oil palm interspecific O × G [ Elaeis oleifera (Kunth) Cortés × Elaeis guineensis Jacq.] hybrids. Front Genet 2023; 14:1099489. [PMID: 37021004 PMCID: PMC10067579 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1099489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parthenocarpy is the development without fertilization of seedless fruits. In the oil palm industry, the development of parthenocarpic fruits is considered an attractive option to increase palm oil production. Previous studies have shown the application of synthetic auxins in Elaeis guineensis, and interspecific O×G hybrids (Elaeis oleifera (Kunth) Cortés × E. guineensis Jacq.) induces parthenocarpy. The aim of this study was to identify the molecular mechanism through transcriptomics and biology system approach to responding to how the application of NAA induces parthenocarpic fruits in oil palm O×G hybrids. The transcriptome changes were studied in three phenological stages (PS) of the inflorescences: i) PS 603, pre-anthesis III, ii) PS 607, anthesis, and iii) PS 700, fertilized female flower. Each PS was treated with NAA, Pollen, and control (any application). The expression profile was studied at three separate times: five minutes (T0), 24 hours (T1), and 48 h post-treatment (T2). The RNA sequencing (RNA seq) approach was used with 27 oil palm O×G hybrids for a total of 81 raw samples. RNA-Seq showed around 445,920 genes. Numerous differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were involved in pollination, flowering, seed development, hormone biosynthesis, and signal transduction. The expression of the most relevant transcription factors (TF) families was variable and dependent on the stage and time post-treatment. In general, NAA treatment expressed differentially more genes than Pollen. Indeed, the gene co-expression network of Pollen was built with fewer nodes than the NAA treatment. The transcriptional profiles of Auxin-responsive protein and Gibberellin-regulated genes involved in parthenocarpy phenomena agreed with those previously reported in other species. The expression of 13 DEGs was validated by RT-qPCR analysis. This detailed knowledge about the molecular mechanisms involved in parthenocarpy could be used to facilitate the future development of genome editing techniques that enable the production of parthenocarpic O×G hybrid cultivars without growth regulator application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmenza Montoya
- Oil Palm Biology and Breeding Research Program, Colombian Oil Palm Research Center—Cenipalma, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - David Botero-Rozo
- Oil Palm Biology and Breeding Research Program, Colombian Oil Palm Research Center—Cenipalma, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ivan Mauricio Ayala-Diaz
- Oil Palm Biology and Breeding Research Program, Colombian Oil Palm Research Center—Cenipalma, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Hernan Mauricio Romero
- Oil Palm Biology and Breeding Research Program, Colombian Oil Palm Research Center—Cenipalma, Bogotá, Colombia
- Department of Biology, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
- *Correspondence: Hernan Mauricio Romero,
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Rawandoozi ZJ, Young EL, Yan M, Noyan S, Fu Q, Hochhaus T, Rawandoozi MY, Klein PE, Byrne DH, Riera-Lizarazu O. QTL mapping and characterization of black spot disease resistance using two multi-parental diploid rose populations. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac183. [PMID: 37064269 PMCID: PMC10101596 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Black spot disease (BSD) (Diplocarpon rosae) is the most common and damaging fungal disease in garden roses (Rosa sp.). Although qualitative resistance to BSD has been extensively investigated, the research on quantitative resistance lags behind. The goal of this research was to study the genetic basis of BSD resistance in two multi-parental populations (TX2WOB and TX2WSE) through a pedigree-based analysis approach (PBA). Both populations were genotyped and evaluated for BSD incidence over five years in three locations in Texas. A total of 28 QTLs, distributed over all linkage groups (LGs), were detected across both populations. Consistent minor effect QTLs included two on LG1 and LG3 (TX2WOB and TX2WSE), two on LG4 and LG5 (TX2WSE), and one QTL on LG7 (TX2WOB). In addition, one major QTL detected in both populations was consistently mapped on LG3. This QTL was localized to an interval ranging from 18.9 to 27.8 Mbp on the Rosa chinensis genome and explained 20 and 33% of the phenotypic variation. Furthermore, haplotype analysis showed that this QTL had three distinct functional alleles. The parent PP-J14-3 was the common source of the LG3 BSD resistance in both populations. Taken together, this research presents the characterization of new SNP-tagged genetic determinants of BSD resistance, the discovery of marker-trait associations to enable parental choice based on their BSD resistance QTL haplotypes, and substrates for the development of trait-predictive DNA tests for routine use in marker-assisted breeding for BSD resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zena J Rawandoozi
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College
Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Ellen L Young
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College
Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Muqing Yan
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College
Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Seza Noyan
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College
Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Qiuyi Fu
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College
Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Tessa Hochhaus
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College
Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Maad Y Rawandoozi
- Norman Borlaug Institute for International Agriculture and Development, Texas A&M
AgriLife Research, Texas A&M System, College Station, TX,
77843 USA
| | - Patricia E Klein
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College
Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - David H Byrne
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College
Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Oscar Riera-Lizarazu
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College
Station, TX 77843, USA
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13
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Wang L, Xu Z, Yin W, Xu K, Wang S, Shang Q, Sa W, Liang J, Wang L. Genome-wide analysis of the Thaumatin-like gene family in Qingke ( Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum) uncovers candidates involved in plant defense against biotic and abiotic stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:912296. [PMID: 36061804 PMCID: PMC9428612 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.912296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) participate in the defense responses of plants as well as their growth and development processes, including seed germination. Yet the functioning of TLP family genes, in addition to key details of their encoded protein products, has not been thoroughly investigated for Qingke (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum). Here, a total of 36 TLP genes were identified in the genome of Qingke via HMM profiling. Of them, 25 TLPs contained a signal peptide at the N-terminus, with most proteins predicted to localize in the cytoplasm or outer membrane. Sequence alignment and motif analysis revealed that the five REDDD residues required for β-1,3-glucanase activity were conserved in 21 of the 36 Qingke TLPs. Phylogenetically, the TLPs in plants are clustered in 10 major groups. Our analysis of gene structure did not detect an intron in 15 Qingke TLPs whereas the other 21 did contain 1-7 introns. A diverse set of cis-acting motifs were found in the promoters of the 36 TLPs, including elements related to light, hormone, and stress responses, growth and development, circadian control, and binding sites of transcription factors, thus suggesting a multifaceted role of TLPs in Qingke. Expression analyses revealed the potential involvement of TLPs in plant defense against biotic and abiotic stresses. Taken together, the findings of this study deepen our understanding of the TLP family genes in Qingke, a staple food item in Tibet, which could strengthen future investigations of protein function in barley and its improved genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Zepeng Xu
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Wei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Kai Xu
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Qianhan Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Wei Sa
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Jian Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Li Wang
- Qinghai Academy of Agricultural Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
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14
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Genome-wide comprehensive characterization and expression analysis of TLP gene family revealed its responses to hormonal and abiotic stresses in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus). Gene X 2022; 844:146818. [PMID: 35985412 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thaumatin-like protein (TLP) is the well-known sweetest protein which plays a crucial role in diverse developmental processes and different stress conditions in plants, fungi and animals. The TLP gene family is extensively studied in different plant species including crop plants. Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is an important cucurbit crop cultivated worldwide; however, the comprehensive information about the TLP gene family is not available in watermelon. In the present study, we identified the 29 TLP genes as gene family members in watermelon using various computational methods to understand its role in different developmental processes and stress conditions. ClaTLP gene family members were not uniformly distributed on 22 chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the ClaTLP gene family members were grouped into 10 sub-groups. Further, gene duplication analysis showed thirteen gene duplication events which included one tandem and twelve segmental duplications. Amino acid sequence alignment has shown that ClaTLP proteins shared 16 conserved cysteine residues in their THN domain. Furthermore, cis-acting regulatory elements analysis also displayed that ClaTLP gene family members contain diverse phytohormone, various defense, and stress-responsive elements in their promoter region. The expression profile of the ClaTLP gene family revealed the differential expression of gene family members in different tissues and abiotic stresses conditions. Moreover, the expression profile of ClaTLP genes was further validated by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. Taken together, these results indicate that ClaTLP genes might play an important role in developmental processes and diverse stress conditions. Therefore, the outcome of this study brings forth the valuable information for further interpret the precise role of ClaTLP gene family members in watermelon.
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Genome-wide analysis of pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR-1) gene family from Musa spp. and its role in defense response during stresses. Gene X 2022; 821:146334. [PMID: 35181501 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenesis related protein-1 (PR-1) is the most abundantly produced protein during defense response against many biotic and abiotic stresses. However, knowledge on PR-1 gene family and its evolutionary relationship in banana is very limited. In order to study the potential role of PR-1 genes in banana, genome wide identification, structure analysis and expressions were performed. A total of 15 and 11 PR-1 genes were identified from A and B genomes of banana and the proteins encoded by this gene family are of varying lengths and harbor conserved domains and motifs. PR-1 genes are unevenly dispersed on 11 chromosomes with segmental duplication in both A and B genome, suggesting an important contribution of duplication in expansion of PR-1 gene family in banana. qRT-PCR analysis of PR-1 gene showed positive correlation with the RNAseq data under various stresses and examination of expression pattern of selected MaPR-1 genes in banana revealed its role in biotic and abiotic stresses in general and fusarium wilt in particular. This study provides significant insight into the functions of PR-1 genes which can be further exploited as a promising candidate for developing multiple stress tolerant banana varieties.
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Li P, Xu Y, Wang K, Guo W, Gu Y, Lyu S, Huang J, Lin H, Huang C, Xu Z, Li Y. Genome-Wide Identification of TLP Gene Family and Their Roles in Carya cathayensis Sarg in Response to Botryosphaeria dothidea. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:849043. [PMID: 35432404 PMCID: PMC9010463 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.849043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hickory (Carya cathayensis) is a critical tree species of the genus Carya from the Juglandaceae family that contains nutrient-rich nuts. Due to large-scale soil degradation, the pests and diseases of hickory are becoming more and more serious. Thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) are vital proteins involved in the complex defense process of plant pathogens. In this study, 40 CcTLP genes were identified genome-widely and phylogenetically grouped into three subfamilies. The sequence of CcTLPs had a conservative pattern, such as eight stable disulfide bonds, REDDD, and G-X-[GF]-X-C-X-T-[GA]-D-C-X(1,2)-G-X-(2,3)-C structure. In total, 57 cis-elements related to stress-responsive, light-responsive, phytohormone-responsive, and plant-responsive were discovered. Under salicylate (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and ethephon (ETH) treatments, the expressions of CcTLP28, CcTLP29, CcTLP30, CcTLP31, CcTLP32, CcTLP33, CcTLP37, CcTLP38, and CcTLP39 had different patterns. This is an indication that most of the TLP genes were upregulated by SA and downregulated by MeJA. Notably, seven TLP genes were significantly upregulated under the Botryosphaeria dothidea inoculation, especially CcTLP31, with an over 20-fold change. Nine genes were shown by subcellular localization analysis to be located at the plasma membrane and cytoplasm. The knowledge of the disease-resistant function of the CcTLP family in hickory is promoted by these results. A foundation reference for the molecular breeding of this plant in the future is provided by our findings.
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Zhang Y, Miao L, Yang X, Jiang G. Genome-wide characterization and expression of the TLP gene family associated with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides inoculation in Fragaria × ananassa. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12979. [PMID: 35356470 PMCID: PMC8958966 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, a soil-borne fungal pathogen, causes significant yield losses in many plants, including cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa, 2n = 8x = 56). Thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) are a large and complex family of proteins that play a vital role in plant host defense and other physiological processes. Methods To enhance our understanding of the antifungal activity of F. × ananassa TLPs (FaTLP), we investigated the genome-wide identification of FaTLP gene families and their expression patterns in F. × ananassa plants upon pathogen infection. Moreover, we used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to detect the differences in the expression patterns of TLP genes between different resistant strawberry cultivars in response to C. gloeosporioides infection. Results In total, 76 TLP genes were identified from the octoploid cultivated strawberry genome with a mean length of 1,439 bp. They were distributed on 24 F. × ananassa chromosomes. The FaTLP family was then divided into ten groups (Group I-X) according to the comparative phylogenetic results. Group VIII contained the highest number of TLP family genes. qRT-PCR analysis results indicated that FaTLP40, FaTLP41, FaTLP43, FaTLP68, and FaTLP75 were upregulated following C. gloeosporioides infection in the resistant octoploid strawberry. Conclusions The data showed some differences in TLP gene expression patterns across different resistant strawberry cultivars, as well as faster TLP defense responses to pathogenic fungi in resistant cultivars. This study will aid in the characterization of TLP gene family members found in octoploid strawberries and their potential biological functions in plants' defenses against pathogenic fungi.
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Anisimova OK, Kochieva EZ, Shchennikova AV, Filyushin MA. Thaumatin-like Protein (TLP) Genes in Garlic (Allium sativum L.): Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization, and Expression in Response to Fusarium proliferatum Infection. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11060748. [PMID: 35336630 PMCID: PMC8949454 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant antifungal proteins include the pathogenesis-related (PR)-5 family of fungi- and other stress-responsive thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs). However, the information on the TLPs of garlic (Allium sativum L.), which is often infected with soil Fusarium fungi, is very limited. In the present study, we identified 32 TLP homologs in the A. sativum cv. Ershuizao genome, which may function in the defense against Fusarium attack. The promoters of A. sativumTLP (AsTLP) genes contained cis-acting elements associated with hormone signaling and response to various types of stress, including those caused by fungal pathogens and their elicitors. The expression of AsTLP genes in Fusarium-resistant and -susceptible garlic cultivars was differently regulated by F. proliferatum infection. Thus, in the roots the mRNA levels of AsTLP7–9 and 21 genes were increased in resistant and decreased in susceptible A. sativum cultivars, suggesting the involvement of these genes in the garlic response to F. proliferatum attack. Our results provide insights into the role of TLPs in garlic and may be useful for breeding programs to increase the resistance of Allium crops to Fusarium infections.
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Kaashyap M, Ford R, Mann A, Varshney RK, Siddique KHM, Mantri N. Comparative Flower Transcriptome Network Analysis Reveals DEGs Involved in Chickpea Reproductive Success during Salinity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:434. [PMID: 35161414 PMCID: PMC8838858 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is increasingly becoming a significant problem for the most important yet intrinsically salt-sensitive grain legume chickpea. Chickpea is extremely sensitive to salinity during the reproductive phase. Therefore, it is essential to understand the molecular mechanisms by comparing the transcriptomic dynamics between the two contrasting genotypes in response to salt stress. Chickpea exhibits considerable genetic variation amongst improved cultivars, which show better yields in saline conditions but still need to be enhanced for sustainable crop production. Based on previous extensive multi-location physiological screening, two identified genotypes, JG11 (salt-tolerant) and ICCV2 (salt-sensitive), were subjected to salt stress to evaluate their phenological and transcriptional responses. RNA-Sequencing is a revolutionary tool that allows for comprehensive transcriptome profiling to identify genes and alleles associated with stress tolerance and sensitivity. After the first flowering, the whole flower from stress-tolerant and sensitive genotypes was collected. A total of ~300 million RNA-Seq reads were sequenced, resulting in 2022 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to salt stress. Genes involved in flowering time such as FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and pollen development such as ABORTED MICROSPORES (AMS), rho-GTPase, and pollen-receptor kinase were significantly differentially regulated, suggesting their role in salt tolerance. In addition to this, we identify a suite of essential genes such as MYB proteins, MADS-box, and chloride ion channel genes, which are crucial regulators of transcriptional responses to salinity tolerance. The gene set enrichment analysis and functional annotation of these genes in flower development suggest that they can be potential candidates for chickpea crop improvement for salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Kaashyap
- The Pangenomics Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3083, Australia;
| | - Rebecca Ford
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan 4111, Australia;
| | - Anita Mann
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute (CSSRI), Zarifa Farm, Karnal 132001, India;
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502324, India; or
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6001, Australia;
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Kadambot H. M. Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6001, Australia;
| | - Nitin Mantri
- The Pangenomics Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3083, Australia;
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6001, Australia;
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QTL Mapping of Resistance to Bacterial Wilt in Pepper Plants (Capsicum annuum) Using Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS). HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8020115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial wilt (BW) disease, which is caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is one globally prevalent plant disease leading to significant losses of crop production and yield with the involvement of a diverse variety of monocot and dicot host plants. In particular, the BW of the soil-borne disease seriously influences solanaceous crops, including peppers (sweet and chili peppers), paprika, tomatoes, potatoes, and eggplants. Recent studies have explored genetic regions that are associated with BW resistance for pepper crops. However, owing to the complexity of BW resistance, the identification of the genomic regions controlling BW resistance is poorly understood and still remains to be unraveled in the pepper cultivars. In this study, we performed the quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis to identify genomic loci and alleles, which play a critical role in the resistance to BW in pepper plants. The disease symptoms and resistance levels for BW were assessed by inoculation with R. solanacearum. Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) was utilized in 94 F2 segregating populations originated from a cross between a resistant line, KC352, and a susceptible line, 14F6002-14. A total of 628,437 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was obtained, and a pepper genetic linkage map was constructed with putative 1550 SNP markers via the filtering criteria. The linkage map exhibited 16 linkage groups (LG) with a total linkage distance of 828.449 cM. Notably, QTL analysis with CIM (composite interval mapping) method uncovered pBWR-1 QTL underlying on chromosome 01 and explained 20.13 to 25.16% by R2 (proportion of explained phenotyphic variance by the QTL) values. These results will be valuable for developing SNP markers associated with BW-resistant QTLs as well as for developing elite BW-resistant cultivars in pepper breeding programs.
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Zhang Y, Chen W, Sang X, Wang T, Gong H, Zhao Y, Zhao P, Wang H. Genome-Wide Identification of the Thaumatin-like Protein Family Genes in Gossypium barbadense and Analysis of Their Responses to Verticillium dahliae Infection. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122647. [PMID: 34961118 PMCID: PMC8708996 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Plants respond to pathogen challenge by activating a defense system involving pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. The PR-5 family includes thaumatin, thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs), and other related proteins. TLPs play an important role in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Many TLP-encoding genes have been identified and functionally characterized in the model plant species. (2) Results: We identified a total of 90 TLP genes in the G. barbadense genome. They were phylogenetically classified into 10 subfamilies and distributed across 19 chromosomes and nine scaffolds. The genes were characterized by examining their exon-intron structures, promoter cis-elements, conserved domains, synteny and collinearity, gene family evolution, and gene duplications. Several TLP genes were predicted to be targets of miRNAs. Investigation of expression changes of 21 GbTLPs in a G. barbadense cultivar (Hai7124) resistance to Verticillium dahliae revealed 13 GbTLPs being upregulated in response to V. dahliae infection, suggesting a potential role of these GbTLP genes in disease response. (3) Conclusions: The results of this study allow insight into the GbTLP gene family, identify GbTLP genes responsive to V. dahliae infection, and provide candidate genes for future studies of their roles in disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Zhang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.Z.); (T.W.)
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (W.C.); (X.S.); (H.G.)
| | - Xiaohui Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (W.C.); (X.S.); (H.G.)
| | - Ting Wang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.Z.); (T.W.)
| | - Haiyan Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (W.C.); (X.S.); (H.G.)
| | - Yunlei Zhao
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.Z.); (T.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (W.C.); (X.S.); (H.G.)
| | - Pei Zhao
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.Z.); (T.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (W.C.); (X.S.); (H.G.)
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.Z.); (T.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (W.C.); (X.S.); (H.G.)
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Su L, Zhao X, Geng L, Fu L, Lu Y, Liu Q, Jiang X. Analysis of the thaumatin-like genes of Rosa chinensis and functional analysis of the role of RcTLP6 in salt stress tolerance. PLANTA 2021; 254:118. [PMID: 34757465 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03778-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A total of 27 rose thaumatin-like protein (TLP) genes were identified from the rose genome through bioinformatics analyses. RcTLP6 was found to confer salinity stress tolerance in rose. Thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) play critical roles in regulating many biological processes, including abiotic and biotic stress responses in plants. Here, we conducted a genome-wide screen of TLPs in rose (Rosa chinensis) and identified 27 RcTLPs. The identified RcTLPs, as well as other TLPs from six different plant species, were placed into nine groups based on a phylogenetic analysis. An analysis of the intron-exon structures of the TLPs revealed a high degree of similarity. RcTLP genes were found on all chromosomes except for chromosome four. Cis-regulatory elements (CEs) were identified in the promoters of all RcTLPs, including CEs associated with growth, development and hormone-responsiveness, as well as abiotic and biotic responses, indicating they play diverse roles in rose. Transcriptomics analysis revealed that RcTLPs had tissue-specific expression patterns, and several root-preferential RcTLPs were responsive to drought and salinity stress. Quantitative PCR analysis of six RcTLPs under ABA, PEG and NaCl treatment confirmed the differentially expressed genes identified in the transcriptomics experiment. In addition, silencing RcTLP6 in rose leaves led to decreased tolerance to salinity stress. We also screened proteins which may interact with RcTLP6 to understand its biological roles. This study represents the first report of the TLP gene family in rose and expands the current understanding of the role that RcTLP6 plays in salt tolerance. These findings lay a foundation for future utilization of RcTLPs to improve rose abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Su
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhao
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Lifang Geng
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Lufeng Fu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Yizeng Lu
- Shandong Provincial Center of Forest Tree Germplasm Resources, Jinan, 250102, China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Xinqiang Jiang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266000, China.
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23
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He L, Li L, Zhu Y, Pan Y, Zhang X, Han X, Li M, Chen C, Li H, Wang C. BolTLP1, a Thaumatin-like Protein Gene, Confers Tolerance to Salt and Drought Stresses in Broccoli ( Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica). Int J Mol Sci 2021. [PMID: 34681789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011132/s1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) play pleiotropic roles in defending against biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the functions of TLPs in broccoli, which is one of the major vegetables among the B. oleracea varieties, remain largely unknown. In the present study, bolTLP1 was identified in broccoli, and displayed remarkably inducible expression patterns by abiotic stress. The ectopic overexpression of bolTLP1 conferred increased tolerance to high salt and drought conditions in Arabidopsis. Similarly, bolTLP1-overexpressing broccoli transgenic lines significantly improved tolerance to salt and drought stresses. These results demonstrated that bolTLP1 positively regulates drought and salt tolerance. Transcriptome data displayed that bolTLP1 may function by regulating phytohormone (ABA, ethylene and auxin)-mediated signaling pathways, hydrolase and oxidoreductase activity, sulfur compound synthesis, and the differential expression of histone variants. Further studies confirmed that RESPONSE TO DESICCATION 2 (RD2), RESPONSIVE TO DEHYDRATION 22 (RD22), VASCULAR PLANT ONE-ZINC FINGER 2 (VOZ2), SM-LIKE 1B (LSM1B) and MALATE DEHYDROGENASE (MDH) physically interacted with bolTLP1, which implied that bolTLP1 could directly interact with these proteins to confer abiotic stress tolerance in broccoli. These findings provide new insights into the function and regulation of bolTLP1, and suggest potential applications for bolTLP1 in breeding broccoli and other crops with increased tolerance to salt and drought stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia He
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lihong Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yinxia Zhu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yu Pan
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiuwen Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xue Han
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Muzi Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Chengbin Chen
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Chunguo Wang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China
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24
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He L, Li L, Zhu Y, Pan Y, Zhang X, Han X, Li M, Chen C, Li H, Wang C. BolTLP1, a Thaumatin-like Protein Gene, Confers Tolerance to Salt and Drought Stresses in Broccoli ( Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011132. [PMID: 34681789 PMCID: PMC8537552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) play pleiotropic roles in defending against biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the functions of TLPs in broccoli, which is one of the major vegetables among the B. oleracea varieties, remain largely unknown. In the present study, bolTLP1 was identified in broccoli, and displayed remarkably inducible expression patterns by abiotic stress. The ectopic overexpression of bolTLP1 conferred increased tolerance to high salt and drought conditions in Arabidopsis. Similarly, bolTLP1-overexpressing broccoli transgenic lines significantly improved tolerance to salt and drought stresses. These results demonstrated that bolTLP1 positively regulates drought and salt tolerance. Transcriptome data displayed that bolTLP1 may function by regulating phytohormone (ABA, ethylene and auxin)-mediated signaling pathways, hydrolase and oxidoreductase activity, sulfur compound synthesis, and the differential expression of histone variants. Further studies confirmed that RESPONSE TO DESICCATION 2 (RD2), RESPONSIVE TO DEHYDRATION 22 (RD22), VASCULAR PLANT ONE-ZINC FINGER 2 (VOZ2), SM-LIKE 1B (LSM1B) and MALATE DEHYDROGENASE (MDH) physically interacted with bolTLP1, which implied that bolTLP1 could directly interact with these proteins to confer abiotic stress tolerance in broccoli. These findings provide new insights into the function and regulation of bolTLP1, and suggest potential applications for bolTLP1 in breeding broccoli and other crops with increased tolerance to salt and drought stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia He
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (L.H.); (L.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.P.); (X.Z.); (X.H.); (C.C.)
| | - Lihong Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (L.H.); (L.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.P.); (X.Z.); (X.H.); (C.C.)
| | - Yinxia Zhu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (L.H.); (L.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.P.); (X.Z.); (X.H.); (C.C.)
| | - Yu Pan
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (L.H.); (L.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.P.); (X.Z.); (X.H.); (C.C.)
| | - Xiuwen Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (L.H.); (L.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.P.); (X.Z.); (X.H.); (C.C.)
| | - Xue Han
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (L.H.); (L.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.P.); (X.Z.); (X.H.); (C.C.)
| | - Muzi Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China;
| | - Chengbin Chen
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (L.H.); (L.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.P.); (X.Z.); (X.H.); (C.C.)
| | - Hui Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China;
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (C.W.)
| | - Chunguo Wang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (L.H.); (L.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.P.); (X.Z.); (X.H.); (C.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (C.W.)
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Kang JN, Lee WH, Won SY, Chang S, Hong JP, Oh TJ, Lee SM, Kang SH. Systemic Expression of Genes Involved in the Plant Defense Response Induced by Wounding in Senna tora. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810073. [PMID: 34576236 PMCID: PMC8469979 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Wounds in tissues provide a pathway of entry for pathogenic fungi and bacteria in plants. Plants respond to wounding by regulating the expression of genes involved in their defense mechanisms. To analyze this response, we investigated the defense-related genes induced by wounding in the leaves of Senna tora using RNA sequencing. The genes involved in jasmonate and ethylene biosynthesis were strongly induced by wounding, as were a large number of genes encoding transcription factors such as ERFs, WRKYs, MYBs, bHLHs, and NACs. Wounding induced the expression of genes encoding pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, such as PR-1, chitinase, thaumatin-like protein, cysteine proteinase inhibitor, PR-10, and plant defensin. Furthermore, wounding led to the induction of genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and the accumulation of kaempferol and quercetin in S. tora leaves. All these genes were expressed systemically in leaves distant from the wound site. These results demonstrate that mechanical wounding can lead to a systemic defense response in the Caesalpinioideae, a subfamily of the Leguminosae. In addition, a co-expression analysis of genes induced by wounding provides important information about the interactions between genes involved in plant defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Nam Kang
- Genomics Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (J.-N.K.); (S.Y.W.); (S.C.); (J.-P.H.)
| | - Woo-Haeng Lee
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan 31460, Korea; (W.-H.L.); (T.-J.O.)
| | - So Youn Won
- Genomics Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (J.-N.K.); (S.Y.W.); (S.C.); (J.-P.H.)
| | - Saemin Chang
- Genomics Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (J.-N.K.); (S.Y.W.); (S.C.); (J.-P.H.)
| | - Jong-Pil Hong
- Genomics Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (J.-N.K.); (S.Y.W.); (S.C.); (J.-P.H.)
| | - Tae-Jin Oh
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan 31460, Korea; (W.-H.L.); (T.-J.O.)
| | - Si Myung Lee
- Genomics Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (J.-N.K.); (S.Y.W.); (S.C.); (J.-P.H.)
- Correspondence: (S.M.L.); (S.-H.K.)
| | - Sang-Ho Kang
- Genomics Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (J.-N.K.); (S.Y.W.); (S.C.); (J.-P.H.)
- Correspondence: (S.M.L.); (S.-H.K.)
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26
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Mahmoud LM, Huyck PJ, Vincent CI, Gmitter FG, Grosser JW, Dutt M. Physiological Responses and Gene Expression Patterns in Open-Pollinated Seedlings of a Pummelo-Mandarin Hybrid Rootstock Exposed to Salt Stress and Huanglongbing. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071439. [PMID: 34371641 PMCID: PMC8309399 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB), caused by the phloem-limited bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CaLas), is the primary biotic stress causing significant economic damage to the global citrus industry. Among the abiotic stresses, salinity affects citrus production worldwide, especially in arid and coastal regions. In this study, we evaluated open-pollinated seedlings of the S10 (a diploid rootstock produced from a cross between two siblings of the Hirado Buntan Pink pummelo (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.) with the Shekwasha mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco)) for their ability to tolerate HLB and salinity stresses. In a greenhouse study, ‘Valencia’ sweet orange (either HLB-positive or negative) was grafted onto six clonally propagated lines generated from the screened seedlings in the greenhouse and the trees were irrigated with 150 mM NaCl after eight months of successful grafting and detection of CaLas in the leaf petioles. Cleopatra mandarin was used as a salt-tolerant and HLB-sensitive rootstock control. CaLas infection was monitored using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction before and after NaCl treatments. Following three months of NaCl treatment, ‘Valencia’ leaves on the S10 rootstock seedlings recorded lower levels of chlorophyll content compared to Cleopatra under similar conditions. Malondialdehyde content was higher in HLB-infected ‘Valencia’ grafted onto Cleopatra than in the S10 lines. Several plant defense-related genes were significantly upregulated in the S10 lines. Antioxidant and Na+ co-transporter genes were differentially regulated in these lines. Based on our results, selected S10 lines have potential as salt-tolerant rootstocks of ‘Valencia’ sweet orange under endemic HLB conditions. However, it is necessary to propagate selected lines through tissue culture or cuttings because of the high percentage of zygotic seedlings derived from S10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamiaa M. Mahmoud
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA; (L.M.M.); (P.J.H.); (C.I.V.); (F.G.G.J.); (J.W.G.)
- Pomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Patrick J. Huyck
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA; (L.M.M.); (P.J.H.); (C.I.V.); (F.G.G.J.); (J.W.G.)
| | - Christopher I. Vincent
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA; (L.M.M.); (P.J.H.); (C.I.V.); (F.G.G.J.); (J.W.G.)
| | - Frederick G. Gmitter
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA; (L.M.M.); (P.J.H.); (C.I.V.); (F.G.G.J.); (J.W.G.)
| | - Jude W. Grosser
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA; (L.M.M.); (P.J.H.); (C.I.V.); (F.G.G.J.); (J.W.G.)
| | - Manjul Dutt
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA; (L.M.M.); (P.J.H.); (C.I.V.); (F.G.G.J.); (J.W.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Lee K, Lee JG, Min K, Choi JH, Lim S, Lee EJ. Transcriptome Analysis of the Fruit of Two Strawberry Cultivars "Sunnyberry" and "Kingsberry" That Show Different Susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea after Harvest. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041518. [PMID: 33546320 PMCID: PMC7913547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) is a fungal plant pathogen causing postharvest decay in strawberry fruit. Here, we conducted a comparative transcriptome analysis to identify differences in gene expression between the immature-green (IG) and mature-red (MR) stages of the “Sunnyberry” (gray mold-resistant) and “Kingsberry” (gray mold susceptible) strawberry cultivars. Most of the genes involved in lignin and alkane-type wax biosynthesis were relatively upregulated in “Sunnyberry”. However, pathogenesis-related proteins encoding R- and antioxidant-related genes were comparatively upregulated in “Kingsberry”. Analysis of gene expression and physiological traits in the presence and absence of B. cinerea inoculation revealed that the defense response patterns significantly differed between IG and MR rather than the cultivars. “Kingsberry” showed higher antioxidant induction at IG and upregulated hemicellulose-strengthening and R genes at MR. Hence, “Sunnyberry” and “Kingsberry” differed mainly in terms of the expression levels of the genes forming cuticle, wax, and lignin and controlling the defense responses. These discrepancies might explain the relative difference between these strawberry cultivars in terms of their postharvest responses to B. cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuweon Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (K.L.); (J.G.L.); (K.M.)
| | - Jeong Gu Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (K.L.); (J.G.L.); (K.M.)
| | - Kyeonglim Min
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (K.L.); (J.G.L.); (K.M.)
| | - Jeong Hee Choi
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea;
| | - Sooyeon Lim
- National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea;
| | - Eun Jin Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (K.L.); (J.G.L.); (K.M.)
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Correspondence:
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28
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de Jesús-Pires C, Ferreira-Neto JRC, Pacifico Bezerra-Neto J, Kido EA, de Oliveira Silva RL, Pandolfi V, Wanderley-Nogueira AC, Binneck E, da Costa AF, Pio-Ribeiro G, Pereira-Andrade G, Sittolin IM, Freire-Filho F, Benko-Iseppon AM. Plant Thaumatin-like Proteins: Function, Evolution and Biotechnological Applications. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2021; 21:36-51. [PMID: 30887921 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190318164905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) are a highly complex protein family associated with host defense and developmental processes in plants, animals, and fungi. They are highly diverse in angiosperms, for which they are classified as the PR-5 (Pathogenesis-Related-5) protein family. In plants, TLPs have a variety of properties associated with their structural diversity. They are mostly associated with responses to biotic stresses, in addition to some predicted activities under drought and osmotic stresses. The present review covers aspects related to the structure, evolution, gene expression, and biotechnological potential of TLPs. The efficiency of the discovery of new TLPs is below its potential, considering the availability of omics data. Furthermore, we present an exemplary bioinformatics annotation procedure that was applied to cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) transcriptome, including libraries of two tissues (root and leaf), and two stress types (biotic/abiotic) generated using different sequencing approaches. Even without using genomic sequences, the pipeline uncovered 56 TLP candidates in both tissues and stresses. Interestingly, abiotic stress (root dehydration) was associated with a high number of modulated TLP isoforms. The nomenclature used so far for TLPs was also evaluated, considering TLP structure and possible functions identified to date. It is clear that plant TLPs are promising candidates for breeding purposes and for plant transformation aiming a better performance under biotic and abiotic stresses. The development of new therapeutic drugs against human fungal pathogens also deserves attention. Despite that, applications derived from TLP molecules are still below their potential, as it is evident in our review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolline de Jesús-Pires
- Departamento de Genetica, Centro de Biociencias, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - João Pacifico Bezerra-Neto
- Departamento de Genetica, Centro de Biociencias, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ederson Akio Kido
- Departamento de Genetica, Centro de Biociencias, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Valesca Pandolfi
- Departamento de Genetica, Centro de Biociencias, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Eliseu Binneck
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria, Embrapa Soja, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | | | - Gilvan Pio-Ribeiro
- Departamento de Agronomia/Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Genira Pereira-Andrade
- Departamento de Agronomia/Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ilza Maria Sittolin
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria, Embrapa Meio-Norte, Teresina, Piaui, Brazil
| | - Francisco Freire-Filho
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria, Embrapa Amazonia Oriental, Belem, Para, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Benko-Iseppon
- Departamento de Genetica, Centro de Biociencias, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Fei J, Wang YS, Cheng H, Su YB, Zhong Y, Zheng L. Cloning and characterization of KoOsmotin from mangrove plant Kandelia obovata under cold stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:10. [PMID: 33407136 PMCID: PMC7789355 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02746-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low temperature is a major abiotic stress that seriously limits mangrove productivity and distribution. Kandelia obovata is the most cold-resistance specie in mangrove plants, but little is known about the molecular mechanism underlying its resistance to cold. Osmotin is a key protein associated with abiotic and biotic stress response in plants but no information about this gene in K. obovata was reported. RESULTS In this study, a cDNA sequence encoding osmotin, KoOsmotin (GenBank accession no. KP267758), was cloned from mangrove plant K. obovata. The KoOsmotin protein was composed of 221 amino acids and showed a calculated molecular mass of 24.11 kDa with pI 4.92. The KoOsmotin contained sixteen cysteine residues and an N-terminal signal peptide, which were common signatures to most osmotins and pathogenesis-related 5 proteins. The three-dimensional (3D) model of KoOsmotin, contained one α-helix and eleven β-strands, was formed by three characteristic domains. Database comparisons of the KoOsmotin showed the closest identity (55.75%) with the osmotin 34 from Theobroma cacao. The phylogenetic tree also revealed that the KoOsmotin was clustered in the branch of osmotin/OLP (osmotin-like protien). The KoOsmotin protein was proved to be localized to both the plasma membrane and cytoplasm by the subcellular localization analysis. Gene expression showed that the KoOsmotin was induced primarily and highly in the leaves of K. obovata, but less abundantly in stems and roots. The overexpressing of KoOsmotin conferred cold tolerance in Escherichia coli cells. CONCLUSION As we known, this is the first study to explore the osmotin of K. obovata. Our study provided valuable clues for further exploring the function of KoOsmotin response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, China
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - You-Shao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, China.
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.
| | - Hao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, China.
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.
| | - Yu-Bin Su
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yongjia Zhong
- Root Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Root Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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Lopez Arias DC, Chastellier A, Thouroude T, Bradeen J, Van Eck L, De Oliveira Y, Paillard S, Foucher F, Hibrand-Saint Oyant L, Soufflet-Freslon V. Characterization of black spot resistance in diploid roses with QTL detection, meta-analysis and candidate-gene identification. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2020; 133:3299-3321. [PMID: 32844252 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03670-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Two environmentally stable QTLs linked to black spot disease resistance in the Rosa wichurana genetic background were detected, in different connected populations, on linkage groups 3 and 5. Co-localization between R-genes and defense response genes was revealed via meta-analysis. The widespread rose black spot disease (BSD) caused by the hemibiotrophic fungus Diplocarpon rosae Wolf. is efficiently controlled with fungicides. However, in the actual context of reducing agrochemical use, the demand for rose bushes with higher levels of resistance has increased. Qualitative resistance conferred by major genes (Rdr genes) has been widely studied but quantitative resistance to BSD requires further investigation. In this study, segregating populations connected through the BSD resistant Rosa wichurana male parent were phenotyped for disease resistance over several years and locations. A pseudo-testcross approach was used, resulting in six parental maps across three populations. A total of 45 individual QTLs with significant effect on BSD resistance were mapped on the male maps (on linkage groups (LG) B3, B4, B5 and B6), and 12 on the female maps (on LG A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5). Two major regions linked to BSD resistance were identified on LG B3 and B5 of the male maps and were integrated into a consensus map built from all three of the male maps. A meta-analysis was used to narrow down the confidence intervals of individual QTLs from three populations by generating meta-QTLs. Two 'hot spots' or meta-QTLs were found per LG, enabling reduction of the confidence interval to 10.42 cM for B3 and 11.47 cM for B5. An expert annotation of NBS-LRR encoding genes of the genome assembly of Hibrand et al. was performed and used to explore potential co-localization with R-genes. Co-localization with defense response genes was also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Lopez Arias
- IRHS-UMR1345, Université d'Angers, INRAE, Institut Agro, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 49071, Beaucouzé, France.
| | - A Chastellier
- IRHS-UMR1345, Université d'Angers, INRAE, Institut Agro, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 49071, Beaucouzé, France
| | - T Thouroude
- IRHS-UMR1345, Université d'Angers, INRAE, Institut Agro, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 49071, Beaucouzé, France
| | - J Bradeen
- Department of Plant Pathology and The Stakman-Borlaug Center for Sustainable Plant Health, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - L Van Eck
- Department of Plant Pathology and The Stakman-Borlaug Center for Sustainable Plant Health, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Yannick De Oliveira
- Génétique Quantitative Et Évolution - Le Moulon, INRAE - Université Paris-Sud - CNRS - AgroParisTech, Ferme du Moulon, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - S Paillard
- IRHS-UMR1345, Université d'Angers, INRAE, Institut Agro, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 49071, Beaucouzé, France
| | - F Foucher
- IRHS-UMR1345, Université d'Angers, INRAE, Institut Agro, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 49071, Beaucouzé, France
| | - L Hibrand-Saint Oyant
- IRHS-UMR1345, Université d'Angers, INRAE, Institut Agro, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 49071, Beaucouzé, France
| | - V Soufflet-Freslon
- IRHS-UMR1345, Université d'Angers, INRAE, Institut Agro, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 49071, Beaucouzé, France
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Kirino H, Yoshimoto K, Shinya R. Thaumatin-like proteins and a cysteine protease inhibitor secreted by the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus induce cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241613. [PMID: 33125444 PMCID: PMC7598465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pine wilt disease (PWD) is an infectious disease of pines that typically kills affected trees. The causal pathogen of PWD is the pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Understanding of the disease has advanced in recent years through the use of a highly sensitive proteomics procedure and whole genome sequence analysis; in combination, these approaches have enabled identification of proteins secreted by PWNs. However, the roles of these proteins during the onset of parasitism have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we used a leaf-disk assay based on transient overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana to allow functional screening of 10 candidate pathogenic proteins secreted by PWNs. These proteins were selected based on previous secretome and RNA-seq analyses. We found that five molecules induced significant cell death in tobacco plants relative to a GFP-only control. Three of these proteins (Bx-TH1, Bx-TH2, and Bx-CPI) may have a role in molecular mimicry and likely make important contributions to inducing hypersensitive responses in host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haru Kirino
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kohki Yoshimoto
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryoji Shinya
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
- JST PRESTO, Kanagawa, Japan
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Li Z, Wang X, Cui Y, Qiao K, Zhu L, Fan S, Ma Q. Comprehensive Genome-Wide Analysis of Thaumatin-Like Gene Family in Four Cotton Species and Functional Identification of GhTLP19 Involved in Regulating Tolerance to Verticillium dahlia and Drought. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:575015. [PMID: 33193513 PMCID: PMC7606878 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.575015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) present in the form of large multigene families play important roles in biotic stress and abiotic stress. However, there has been no systematic analysis of the TLPs in cotton. In this study, comprehensive identification and evolutionary analysis of TLPs in four species of cotton were conducted. In total, 50, 48, 91, and 90 homologous sequences were identified in Gossypium raimondii, G. arboreum, G. barbadense, and G. hirsutum, respectively. Gene structure, protein motifs, and gene expression were further investigated. Transcriptome and quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated that GhTLPs participate in abiotic, biotic stress and cotton fiber development. GhTLP19 on chromosome At05 was selected as a candidate gene for further study. When GhTLP19 was silenced by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in cotton, with the increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the decrease of catalase (CAT) content, and as the increase of disease index (DI) and hyphae accumulation, the plants were more sensitive to drought and Verticillium dahliae. Furthermore, the GhTLP19 overexpressing Arabidopsis transgenic lines exhibited higher proline content, thicker and longer trichomes and more tolerance to drought when compared to wild type. This study will provide a basis and reference for future research on their roles in stress tolerance and fiber development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanshuai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Yupeng Cui
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Kaikai Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Longfu Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qifeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
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Iqbal I, Tripathi RK, Wilkins O, Singh J. Thaumatin-Like Protein ( TLP) Gene Family in Barley: Genome-Wide Exploration and Expression Analysis during Germination. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1080. [PMID: 32947963 PMCID: PMC7564728 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thaumatin-like Proteins (TLPs) are known to play a vital role in plant defense, developmental processes and seed germination. We identified 19 TLP genes from the reference genome of barley and 37, 28 and 35 TLP genes from rice, Brachypodium and sorghum genomes, respectively. Comparative phylogenetic analysis classified the TLP family into nine groups. Localized gene duplications with diverse exon/intron structures contributed to the expansion of the TLP gene family in cereals. Most of the barley TLPs were localized on chromosome 5H. The spatiotemporal expression pattern of HvTLP genes indicated their predominant expression in the embryo, developing grains, root and shoot tissues. Differential expression of HvTLP14, HvTLP17 and HvTLP18 in the malting variety (Morex) over 16-96 h of grain germination revealed their possible role in malting. This study provides a description of the TLP gene family in barley and their possible involvement in seed germination and the malting process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jaswinder Singh
- Plant Science Department, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Rd., Quebec, QC H9X3V9, Canada; (I.I.); (R.K.T.); (O.W.)
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SAEIDI M, ZAREIE R. Prediction, isolation, overexpression and antifungal activity analysis of Medicago truncatula var. truncatula putative thaumatin like proteins (TLP-1, -2, -3, -4 and -5). Turk J Biol 2020; 44:176-187. [PMID: 32922125 PMCID: PMC7478138 DOI: 10.3906/biy-1912-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenesis-related proteins (PR-proteins) are induced in response to environmental stresses such as osmotic and drought stress, wounding, microbial infections and treatment with specific plant hormones and elicitors. These proteins are classified into several groups (PR-1 through PR-17) based on their amino acid sequence and biochemical functions. The present study focuses on prediction, isolation, over-expression and analysis of the antifungal activities of the thaumatin-like proteins (i.e. PR-5) in the model legume M. truncatula var. truncatula. Analysis of M. truncatula genome sequence, available freely on the NCBI website, indicated the presence of at least 15 PR-5 Open Reading Frames (ORFs), 5 of them (dubbed TLP-1, -2, -3, -4 and -5) were selected for this study. Using gene-specific primers, the genomic coding sequences were isolated, sequenced and all confirmed to match with those reported in the database. All the fragments were, then, cloned in Escherichia coli isolate BL21 (DE3), using pET-21c(+) plasmids for subsequent overexpression (overexpression). All 5 genes were expressed as inclusion bodies (IBs) with masses, estimated by SDS PAGE, corresponding to the theoretical values. As expected, none of the protein IBs had no detectable effect on the phytopathogenic fungi Rhizoctonia solani, Alternaria alternata, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium solani, Verticillium sp. and Phytophtora spp. However, when the in vitro refolded IB preparations were applied, all displayed comparable strong antifungal activities against the tested fungi. The current study is the first report of overexpression and evaluation of antifungal activities of PR-5 family of proteins from M. truncatula Var. truncatula, and provides experimental evidence that all investigated proteins have the potential for enhancing resistance against some important fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam SAEIDI
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, IsfahanIran
| | - Reza ZAREIE
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, IsfahanIran
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Zhao Q, Qiu B, Li S, Zhang Y, Cui X, Liu D. Osmotin-Like Protein Gene from Panax notoginseng Is Regulated by Jasmonic Acid and Involved in Defense Responses to Fusarium solani. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2020; 110:1419-1427. [PMID: 32301678 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-11-19-0410-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Osmotin and osmotin-like proteins (OLPs) play important roles in plant defense responses. The full-length cDNA sequence of an OLP gene was cloned from Panax notoginseng using rapid amplification of cDNA-end technology and named PnOLP1. A quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis showed that the signaling molecules methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, ethylene, and hydrogen peroxide induced PnOLP1 expression to different degrees. In addition, the expression level of PnOLP1 rapidly increased within 48 h of inoculating P. notoginseng with the root rot pathogen Fusarium solani. Subcellular localization revealed that PnOLP1 localized to the cell wall. A prokaryotic expression vector containing PnOLP1 was constructed and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), and in vitro antifungal assays were performed using the purified recombinant PnOLP1 protein. The recombinant PnOLP1 protein had strong inhibitory effects on the mycelial growth of F. oxysporum, F. graminearum, and F. solani. A plant PnOLP1-overexpression vector was constructed and transfected into tobacco, and the resistance of T2 transgenic tobacco against F. solani was significantly enhanced compared with wild-type tobacco. Moreover, a PnOLP1 RNAi vector was constructed and transferred to the P. notoginseng leaves for transient expression, and the decrease of PnOLP1 expression level in P. notoginseng leaves increased the susceptibility to F. solani. Thus, PnOLP1 is an important disease resistance gene involved in the defense responses of P. notoginseng to F. solani.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500,Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Bingling Qiu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500,Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Shan Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500,Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yingpeng Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500,Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiuming Cui
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500,Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Diqiu Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500,Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
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TLPdb: A Resource for Thaumatin-Like Proteins. Protein J 2020; 39:301-307. [PMID: 32696292 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-020-09909-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Antifungal proteins and peptides have drawn the attention of numerous plant biologists and Clinicians, owing to their potential value in protecting commercial crops as well as preventing fungal infections in humans. Various proteins and peptides, such as glucanases, chitinases, chitinase-like proteins, lectins, peroxidases, defensins, and lipid transfer proteins have antifungal activities. Thaumatin is a protein from a West African plant Thaumatococcus danielli that is sweet in taste but does not exhibit antifungal activities. Despite the structural similarities between thaumatins and thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs), TLPs are not sweet in taste, unlike thaumatins. We developed a thaumatin-like protein database of various organisms. TLPs are pathogenesis-related proteins (PR) with molecular masses of 20-26 kDa. The amino acid residues of TLPs involved in an antifungal activity remain obscure and make it hard to receive comprehensive information on TLPs. The biggest problem in the wine industry is white haze, an undesirable feature of high-quality wine. Hence, the problem may be figured out with the easy accessibility of amino acid sequences and to generate infest resistant crops. Overall, we aimed to produce a freely accessible TLP database ( https://tlpdb.cftri.com ) that would provide substantive information in understanding the mechanistic facet of TLPs. Briefly, TLPdb contains sequences, structures, and amino acid compositions of validated, published TLP protein sequences (from the plant, fungal as well as animal sources). Thus, this work may yield valuable information that may be useful in understanding the mechanistic aspects of TLP activity and in the evolution of antifungal proteins and fungal resistant crops. TLPdb is a comprehensive thaumatin-like protein resource database of various organisms. The database can serve as a unique Bioinformatics tool for understanding the TLPs. This further may help in understanding and the development of fungal resistant crops. TLPdb is freely available at https://tlpdb.cftri.com .
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Liu Y, Cui J, Zhou X, Luan Y, Luan F. Genome-wide identification, characterization and expression analysis of the TLP gene family in melon (Cucumis melo L.). Genomics 2020; 112:2499-2509. [PMID: 32044327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs), which belong to pathogenesis-related (PR) protein family 5 (PR5), are involved in plant host defense and various developmental processes. The functions of the TLP family have been extensively discussed in multiple organisms, whereas the detailed information of this family in melon has not been reported yet. In this study, we identified 28 TLP genes in the melon genome and a N-terminal signal peptide was found highly conserved within each member of this family. Phylogeny analysis indicated that TLPs from melon and other plant species were clustered into ten groups. Twelve segmental and seven tandem duplication gene pairs that underwent purifying selection were identified. TLP genes expressed differentially in different tissues/organs, and were significantly induced after Podosphaera xanthii infection. TLPs in breeding line MR-1 tend to express early after pathogen infection compared with cultivar Top Mark. Our study provides a comprehensive understanding of the melon TLP family and demonstrates their potential roles in disease resistance, therefore provides more reference for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarong Liu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116033, China
| | - Jun Cui
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116033, China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhou
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116033, China
| | - Yushi Luan
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116033, China.
| | - Feishi Luan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin 150030, China; College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Singh NK, Shukla P, Kirti PB. A CBL-interacting protein kinase AdCIPK5 confers salt and osmotic stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco. Sci Rep 2020; 10:418. [PMID: 31941979 PMCID: PMC6962456 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57383-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CBL interacting protein kinases play important roles in adaptation to stress conditions. In the present study, we isolated a CBL-interacting protein kinase homolog (AdCIPK5) from a wild peanut (Arachis diogoi) with similarity to AtCIPK5 of Arabidopsis. Expression analyses in leaves of the wild peanut showed AdCIPK5 induction by exogenous signaling molecules including salicylic acid, abscisic acid and ethylene or abiotic stress factors like salt, PEG and sorbitol. The recombinant AdCIPK5-GFP protein was found to be localized to the nucleus, plasma membrane and cytoplasm. We overexpressed AdCIPK5 in tobacco plants and checked their level of tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. While wild type and transgenic plants displayed no significant differences to the treatment with the phytopathogen, Phytophthora parasitica pv nicotianae, the expression of AdCIPK5 increased salt and osmotic tolerance in transgenic plants. Analysis of different physiological parameters revealed that the transgenic plants maintained higher chlorophyll content and catalase activity with lower levels of H2O2 and MDA content during the abiotic stress conditions. AdCIPK5 overexpression also contributed to the maintenance of a higher the K+/Na+ ratio under salt stress. The enhanced tolerance of transgenic plants was associated with elevated expression of stress-related marker genes; NtERD10C, NtERD10D, NtNCED1, NtSus1, NtCAT and NtSOS1. Taken together, these results indicate that AdCIPK5 is a positive regulator of salt and osmotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar Singh
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
- Agricultural Research Organization-the Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road P.O.B 15159, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel.
| | - Pawan Shukla
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
- Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Central Silk Board, NH-1A, Gallandar, Pampore, 192121, J & K, India
| | - P B Kirti
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
- Agri Biotech Foundation, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India
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Yakti W, Kovács GM, Franken P. Differential interaction of the dark septate endophyte Cadophora sp. and fungal pathogens in vitro and in planta. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2019; 95:fiz164. [PMID: 31609451 PMCID: PMC6864363 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dark septate endophytes (DSEs) present a group of widespread root-colonizing fungi. The role of these endophytes in ecosystems and their interactions with plant pathogens are not well understood. In the current study, we assessed the antagonistic potential of the model DSE Cadophora sp. against the tomato soilborne pathogens Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium aphanidermatum and Verticillium dahliae. To investigate their interactions, we conducted in vitro assays followed by a greenhouse experiments in which tomato plants were inoculated with different combinations of the DSE and pathogens. RNA accumulation of selected tomato pathogenesis-related genes and of Cadophora sp. genes with putative antifungal function was analyzed. Cadophora sp. inhibited the growth of the fungal pathogens in vitro and vice versa; a negative impact of the pathogens on the growth of the DSE was also detected. In roots, however, this mutual negative interaction could not be observed. Expression analyses of plant genes could not explain this differential effect, but among the Cadophora sp. genes analyzed, a gene coding for a chalcone synthase was downregulated in planta. The data indicate that plants can change the interaction between fungi and, therefore, in vitro detected antagonism does not necessarily reflect the situation inside the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Yakti
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1,14979 Großbeeren, Brandenburg, Germany and Institute of Biology, Plant Physiology Department, Humboldt University of Berlin, Philippstraße 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gábor M Kovács
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest 1022, Hungary
| | - Philipp Franken
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1,14979 Großbeeren, Brandenburg, Germany and Institute of Biology, Plant Physiology Department, Humboldt University of Berlin, Philippstraße 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Erfurt Research Centre for Horticultural Crops, University of Applied Sciences, Kühnhäuser Straße 101, 99090 Erfurt, Thuringia, Germany
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Kankanala P, Nandety RS, Mysore KS. Genomics of Plant Disease Resistance in Legumes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1345. [PMID: 31749817 PMCID: PMC6842968 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The constant interactions between plants and pathogens in the environment and the resulting outcomes are of significant importance for agriculture and agricultural scientists. Disease resistance genes in plant cultivars can break down in the field due to the evolution of pathogens under high selection pressure. Thus, the protection of crop plants against pathogens is a continuous arms race. Like any other type of crop plant, legumes are susceptible to many pathogens. The dawn of the genomic era, in which high-throughput and cost-effective genomic tools have become available, has revolutionized our understanding of the complex interactions between legumes and pathogens. Genomic tools have enabled a global view of transcriptome changes during these interactions, from which several key players in both the resistant and susceptible interactions have been identified. This review summarizes some of the large-scale genomic studies that have clarified the host transcriptional changes during interactions between legumes and their plant pathogens while highlighting some of the molecular breeding tools that are available to introgress the traits into breeding programs. These studies provide valuable insights into the molecular basis of different levels of host defenses in resistant and susceptible interactions.
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Martínez-Ferri E, Moreno-Ortega G, van den Berg N, Pliego C. Mild water stress-induced priming enhance tolerance to Rosellinia necatrix in susceptible avocado rootstocks. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:458. [PMID: 31664901 PMCID: PMC6821026 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2016-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND White root rot (WRR) disease caused by Rosellinia necatrix is one of the most important threats affecting avocado orchards in temperate regions. The eradication of WRR is a difficult task and environmentally friendly control methods are needed to lessen its impact. Priming plants with a stressor (biotic or abiotic) can be a strategy to enhance plant defense/tolerance against future stress episodes but, despite the known underlying common mechanisms, few studies use abiotic-priming for improving tolerance to forthcoming biotic-stress and vice versa ('cross-factor priming'). To assess whether cross-factor priming can be a potential method for enhancing avocado tolerance to WRR disease, 'Dusa' avocado rootstocks, susceptible to R. necatrix, were subjected to two levels of water stress (mild-WS and severe-WS) and, after drought-recovery, inoculated with R. necatrix. Physiological response and expression of plant defense related genes after drought-priming as well as the disease progression were evaluated. RESULTS Water-stressed avocado plants showed lower water potential and stomatal limitations of photosynthesis compared to control plants. In addition, NPQ and qN values increased, indicating the activation of energy dissipating mechanisms closely related to the relief of oxidative stress. This response was proportional to the severity of the water stress and was accompanied by the deregulation of pathogen defense-related genes in the roots. After re-watering, leaf photosynthesis and plant water status recovered rapidly in both treatments, but roots of mild-WS primed plants showed a higher number of overexpressed genes related with plant defense than severe-WS primed plants. Disease progression after inoculating primed plants with R. necatrix was significantly delayed in mild-WS primed plants. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that mild-WS can induce a primed state in the WRR susceptible avocado rootstock 'Dusa' and reveal that 'cross-factor priming' with water stress (abiotic stressor) is effective for increasing avocado tolerance against R. necatrix (biotic stressor), underpinning that plant responses against biotic and abiotic stress rely on common mechanisms. Potential applications of these results may involve an enhancement of WRR tolerance of current avocado groves and optimization of water use via low frequency deficit irrigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Martínez-Ferri
- IFAPA. Centro de Málaga. Cortijo de la Cruz s/n, 29140 Churriana, Málaga, Spain
| | - G. Moreno-Ortega
- IFAPA. Centro de Málaga. Cortijo de la Cruz s/n, 29140 Churriana, Málaga, Spain
| | - N. van den Berg
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - C. Pliego
- IFAPA. Centro de Málaga. Cortijo de la Cruz s/n, 29140 Churriana, Málaga, Spain
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Kang YJ, Lee YK, Kim IJ. Identification of Differentially Up-regulated Genes in Apple with White Rot Disease. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 35:530-537. [PMID: 31632227 PMCID: PMC6788408 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.nt.10.2018.0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Fuji, a major apple cultivar in Korea, is susceptible to white rot. Apple white rot disease appears on the stem and fruit; the development of which deteriorates fruit quality, resulting in decreases in farmers' income. Thus, it is necessary to characterize molecular markers related to apple white rot resistance. In this study, we screened for differentially expressed genes between uninfected apple fruits and those infected with Botryosphaeria dothidea, the fungal pathogen that causes white rot. Antimicrobial tests suggest that a gene expression involved in the synthesis of the substance inhibiting the growth of B. dothidea in apples was induced by pathogen infection. We identified seven transcripts induced by the infection. The seven transcripts were homologous to genes encoding a flavonoid glucosyltransferase, a metallothionein-like protein, a senescence-induced protein, a chitinase, a wound-induced protein, and proteins of unknown function. These genes have functions related to responses to environmental stresses, including pathogen infections. Our results can be useful for the development of molecular markers for early detection of the disease or for use in breeding white rotresistant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeo-Jin Kang
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243,
Korea
| | - Young Koung Lee
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724,
USA
- Division of Biological Sciences and Institute for Basic Science, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538,
Korea
| | - In-Jung Kim
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243,
Korea
- Corresponding author: Phone) +82-64-754-3357, FAX) +82-64-756-3351, E-mail)
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Swaminathan S, Das A, Assefa T, Knight JM, Da Silva AF, Carvalho JPS, Hartman GL, Huang X, Leandro LF, Cianzio SR, Bhattacharyya MK. Genome wide association study identifies novel single nucleotide polymorphic loci and candidate genes involved in soybean sudden death syndrome resistance. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212071. [PMID: 30807585 PMCID: PMC6391044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium virguliforme is a soil borne root pathogen that causes sudden death syndrome (SDS) in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. Once the fungus invades the root xylem tissues, the pathogen secretes toxins that cause chlorosis and necrosis in foliar tissues leading to defoliation, flower and pod drop and eventually death of plants. Resistance to F. virguliforme in soybean is partial and governed by over 80 quantitative trait loci (QTL). We have conducted genome-wide association study (GWAS) for a group of 254 plant introductions lines using a panel of approximately 30,000 SNPs and identified 19 single nucleotide polymorphic loci (SNPL) that are associated with 14 genomic regions encoding foliar SDS and eight SNPL associated with seven genomic regions for root rot resistance. Of the identified 27 SNPL, six SNPL for foliar SDS resistance and two SNPL for root rot resistance co-mapped to previously identified QTL for SDS resistance. This study identified 13 SNPL associated with eight novel genomic regions containing foliar SDS resistance genes and six SNPL with five novel regions for root-rot resistance. This study identified five genes carrying nonsynonymous mutations: (i) three of which mapped to previously identified QTL for foliar SDS resistance and (ii) two mapped to two novel regions containing root rot resistance genes. Of the three genes mapped to QTL for foliar SDS resistance genes, two encode LRR-receptors and third one encodes a novel protein with unknown function. Of the two genes governing root rot resistance, Glyma.01g222900.1 encodes a soybean-specific LEA protein and Glyma.10g058700.1 encodes a heparan-alpha-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase. In the LEA protein, a conserved serine residue was substituted with asparagine; and in the heparan-alpha-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase, a conserved histidine residue was substituted with an arginine residue. Such changes are expected to alter functions of these two proteins regulated through phosphorylation. The five genes with nonsynonymous mutations could be considered candidate SDS resistance genes and should be suitable molecular markers for breeding SDS resistance in soybean. The study also reports desirable plant introduction lines and novel genomic regions for enhancing SDS resistance in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anindya Das
- Department of Computer Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Teshale Assefa
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Joshua M. Knight
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | | | - João P. S. Carvalho
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Glen L. Hartman
- USDA and Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Xiaoqiu Huang
- Department of Computer Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Leonor F. Leandro
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Silvia R. Cianzio
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
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Wang J, Vanga SK, McCusker C, Raghavan V. A Comprehensive Review on Kiwifruit Allergy: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Management, and Potential Modification of Allergens Through Processing. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 18:500-513. [PMID: 33336949 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Kiwifruit is rich in bioactive components including dietary fibers, carbohydrates, natural sugars, vitamins, minerals, omega-3 fatty acids, and antioxidants. These components are beneficial to boost the human immune system and prevent cancer and heart diseases. However, kiwifruit is emerging as one of the most common elicitors of food allergies worldwide. Kiwifruit allergy results from an abnormal immune response to kiwifruit proteins and occur after consuming this fruit. Symptoms range from the oral allergy syndrome (OAS) to the life-threatening anaphylaxis. Thirteen different allergens have been identified in green kiwifruit and, among these allergens, Act d 1, Act d 2, Act d 8, Act d 11, and Act d 12 are defined as the "major allergens." Act d 1 and Act d 2 are ripening-related allergens and are found in abundance in fully ripe kiwifruit. Structures of several kiwifruit allergens may be altered under high temperatures or strong acidic conditions. This review discusses the pathogenesis, clinical features, and diagnosis of kiwifruit allergy and evaluates food processing methods including thermal, ultrasound, and chemical processing which may be used to reduce the allergenicity of kiwifruit. Management and medical treatments for kiwifruit allergy are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Dept. of Bioresource Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill Univ., Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sai Kranthi Vanga
- Dept. of Bioresource Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill Univ., Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christine McCusker
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Inst. of the McGill Univ. Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vijaya Raghavan
- Dept. of Bioresource Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill Univ., Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
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Reim S, Rohr AD, Winkelmann T, Weiß S, Liu B, Beerhues L, Schmitz M, Hanke MV, Flachowsky H. Genes Involved in Stress Response and Especially in Phytoalexin Biosynthesis Are Upregulated in Four Malus Genotypes in Response to Apple Replant Disease. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1724. [PMID: 32180775 PMCID: PMC7059805 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Apple replant disease (ARD) is a soil-borne disease, which is of particular importance for fruit tree nurseries and fruit growers. The disease manifests by a poor vegetative development, stunted growth, and reduced yield in terms of quantity and quality, if apple plants (usually rootstocks) are replanted several times at the same site. Genotype-specific differences in the reaction of apple plants to ARD are documented, but less is known about the genetic mechanisms behind this symptomatology. Recent transcriptome analyses resulted in a number of candidate genes possibly involved in the plant response. In the present study, the expression of 108 selected candidate genes was investigated in root and leaf tissue of four different apple genotypes grown in untreated ARD soil and ARD soil disinfected by γ-irradiation originating from two different sites in Germany. Thirty-nine out of the 108 candidate genes were differentially expressed in roots by taking a p-value of < 0.05 and a fold change of > 1.5 as cutoff. Sixteen genes were more than 4.5-fold upregulated in roots of plants grown in ARD soil. The four genes MNL2 (putative mannosidase); ALF5 (multi antimicrobial extrusion protein); UGT73B4 (uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glycosyltransferase 73B4), and ECHI (chitin-binding) were significantly upregulated in roots. These genes seem to be related to the host plant response to ARD, although they have never been described in this context before. Six of the highly upregulated genes belong to the phytoalexin biosynthesis pathway. Their genotype-specific gene expression pattern was consistent with the phytoalexin content measured in roots. The biphenyl synthase (BIS) genes were found to be useful as early biomarkers for ARD, because their expression pattern correlated well with the phenotypic reaction of the Malus genotypes investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Reim
- Institute for Breeding Research on Fruit Crops, Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Dresden, Germany
| | - Annmarie-Deetja Rohr
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Woody Plant and Propagation Physiology Section, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Traud Winkelmann
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Woody Plant and Propagation Physiology Section, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Hanover, Germany
- *Correspondence: Traud Winkelmann,
| | - Stefan Weiß
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Woody Plant and Propagation Physiology Section, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Benye Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ludger Beerhues
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michaela Schmitz
- Department of Natural Sciences, Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Magda-Viola Hanke
- Institute for Breeding Research on Fruit Crops, Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Dresden, Germany
| | - Henryk Flachowsky
- Institute for Breeding Research on Fruit Crops, Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Dresden, Germany
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Pluskota WE, Pupel P, Głowacka K, Okorska SB, Jerzmanowski A, Nonogaki H, Górecki RJ. Jasmonic acid and ethylene are involved in the accumulation of osmotin in germinating tomato seeds. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 232:74-81. [PMID: 30537615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The expression of SlNP24 encoding osmotin was studied in germinating tomato seeds Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Moneymaker. The results show that the accumulation of the transcripts of SlNP24 and its potential upstream regulator TERF1 encoding an ethylene response factor was induced by ethylene and methyl jasmonate in germinating tomato seeds. There was no effect of gibberellins on the expression of the genes studied. The expression of SlNP24 was localized in the micropylar region of the endosperm of tomato seeds. The promoter of tomato osmotin was active in the endosperm cells of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana seeds, which contain reporter genes under control of SlNP24 promoter. The activity of SlNP24 promoter in A. thaliana reporter line seeds was visible when the expression of its ortholog gene in A. thaliana (AtOMS34) was observed. The mechanism of induction and a possible role of NP24 in germinating tomato seeds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioletta E Pluskota
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Piotr Pupel
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Głowacka
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Sylwia B Okorska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Andrzej Jerzmanowski
- Warsaw University and Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hiroyuki Nonogaki
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Ryszard J Górecki
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
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Ökmen B, Mathow D, Hof A, Lahrmann U, Aßmann D, Doehlemann G. Mining the effector repertoire of the biotrophic fungal pathogen Ustilago hordei during host and non-host infection. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:2603-2622. [PMID: 30047221 PMCID: PMC6638180 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The success of plant-pathogenic fungi mostly relies on their arsenal of virulence factors which are expressed and delivered into the host tissue during colonization. The biotrophic fungal pathogen Ustilago hordei causes covered smut disease on both barley and oat. In this study, we combined cytological, genomics and molecular biological methods to achieve a better understanding of the molecular interactions in the U. hordei-barley pathosystem. Microscopic analysis revealed that U. hordei densely colonizes barley leaves on penetration, in particular the vascular system. Transcriptome analysis of U. hordei at different stages of host infection revealed differential expression of the transcript levels of 273 effector gene candidates. Furthermore, U. hordei transcriptionally activates core effector genes which may suppress even non-host early defence responses. Based on expression profiles and novelty of sequences, knockout studies of 14 effector candidates were performed in U. hordei, which resulted in the identification of four virulence factors required for host colonization. Yeast two-hybrid screening identified potential barley targets for two of the effectors. Overall, this study provides a first systematic analysis of the effector repertoire of U. hordei and identifies four effectors (Uvi1-Uvi4) as virulence factors for the infection of barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Ökmen
- Botanical Institute and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS)University of CologneBioCenter, Zuelpicher Str. 47a50674CologneGermany
| | - Daniel Mathow
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Department of Organismic InteractionsKarl von Frisch StrD‐35043MarburgGermany
| | - Alexander Hof
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Department of Organismic InteractionsKarl von Frisch StrD‐35043MarburgGermany
| | - Urs Lahrmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Division of Personalized Tumor Therapy93053RegensburgGermany
| | - Daniela Aßmann
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Department of Organismic InteractionsKarl von Frisch StrD‐35043MarburgGermany
| | - Gunther Doehlemann
- Botanical Institute and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS)University of CologneBioCenter, Zuelpicher Str. 47a50674CologneGermany
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Zhang J, Wang F, Liang F, Zhang Y, Ma L, Wang H, Liu D. Functional analysis of a pathogenesis-related thaumatin-like protein gene TaLr35PR5 from wheat induced by leaf rust fungus. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:76. [PMID: 29728059 PMCID: PMC5935958 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1297-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants have evolved multifaceted defence mechanisms to resist pathogen infection. Production of the pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins in response to pathogen attack has been implicated in plant disease resistance specialized in systemic-acquired resistance (SAR). Our earlier studies have reported that a full length TaLr35PR5 gene, encoding a protein exhibiting amino acid and structural similarity to a sweet protein thaumatin, was isolated from wheat near-isogenic line TcLr35. The present study aims to understand the function of TaLr35PR5 gene in Lr35-mediated adult resistance to Puccinia triticina. RESULTS We determined that the TaLr35PR5 protein contained a functional secretion peptide by utilizing the yeast signal sequence trap system. Using a heterologous expression assay on onion epidermal cells we found that TaLr35PR5 protein was secreted into the apoplast of onion cell. Expression of TaLr35PR5 was significantly reduced in BSMV-induced gene silenced wheat plants, and pathology test on these silenced plants revealed that Lr35-mediated resistance phenotype was obviously altered, indicating that Lr35-mediated resistance was compromised. CONCLUSIONS All these findings strongly suggest that TaLr35PR5 is involved in Lr35-mediated adult wheat defense in response to leaf rust attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Zhang
- Center of Plant Disease and Plant Pests of Hebei Province, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Center of Plant Disease and Plant Pests of Hebei Province, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Fang Liang
- Center of Plant Disease and Plant Pests of Hebei Province, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Center of Plant Disease and Plant Pests of Hebei Province, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Lisong Ma
- Center of Plant Disease and Plant Pests of Hebei Province, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.
- Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, ACT, Acton, 2601, Australia.
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Center of Plant Disease and Plant Pests of Hebei Province, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.
| | - Daqun Liu
- Center of Plant Disease and Plant Pests of Hebei Province, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Ali S, Ganai BA, Kamili AN, Bhat AA, Mir ZA, Bhat JA, Tyagi A, Islam ST, Mushtaq M, Yadav P, Rawat S, Grover A. Pathogenesis-related proteins and peptides as promising tools for engineering plants with multiple stress tolerance. Microbiol Res 2018; 212-213:29-37. [PMID: 29853166 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a group of diverse molecules that are induced by phytopathogens as well as defense related signaling molecules. They are the key components of plant innate immune system especially systemic acquired resistance (SAR), and are widely used as diagnostic molecular markers of defense signaling pathways. Although, PR proteins and peptides have been isolated much before but their biological function remains largely enigmatic despite the availability of new scientific tools. The earlier studies have demonstrated that PR genes provide enhanced resistance against both biotic and abiotic stresses, which make them one of the most promising candidates for developing multiple stress tolerant crop varieties. In this regard, plant genetic engineering technology is widely accepted as one of the most fascinating approach to develop the disease resistant transgenic crops using different antimicrobial genes like PR genes. Overexpression of PR genes (chitinase, glucanase, thaumatin, defensin and thionin) individually or in combination have greatly uplifted the level of defense response in plants against a wide range of pathogens. However, the detailed knowledge of signaling pathways that regulates the expression of these versatile proteins is critical for improving crop plants to multiple stresses, which is the future theme of plant stress biology. Hence, this review provides an overall overview on the PR proteins like their classification, role in multiple stresses (biotic and abiotic) as well as in various plant defense signaling cascades. We also highlight the success and snags of transgenic plants expressing PR proteins and peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Ali
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India; Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Bashir Ahmad Ganai
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Azra N Kamili
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ajaz Ali Bhat
- Govt Degree College Boys Baramulla, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Zahoor Ahmad Mir
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Anshika Tyagi
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Prashant Yadav
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandhya Rawat
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Anita Grover
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India.
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Qin Z, Yang D, You X, Liu Y, Hu S, Yan Q, Yang S, Jiang Z. The recognition mechanism of triple-helical β-1,3-glucan by a β-1,3-glucanase. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:9368-9371. [PMID: 28787048 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc03330c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
β-1,3-Glucan is one of the most abundant polysaccharides in fungi. Recognition of β-1,3-glucan occurs in both hydrolysis by glycoside hydrolases and immunological recognition. Our study provides a novel structural account of how glycoside hydrolase recognizes and hydrolyzes substrates in a triple-helical form and presents a general structural basis of β-1,3-glucan recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Qin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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