1
|
Aldana J, Gardner ML, Freitas MA. Integrative Multi-Omics Analysis of Oncogenic EZH2 Mutants: From Epigenetic Reprogramming to Molecular Signatures. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11378. [PMID: 37511137 PMCID: PMC10380343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatic heterozygous mutations in the active site of the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) are prevalent in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The methyltransferase activity of EZH2 towards lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27) and non-histone proteins is dysregulated by the presence of gain-of-function (GOF) and loss-of-function (LOF) mutations altering chromatin compaction, protein complex recruitment, and transcriptional regulation. In this study, a comprehensive multi-omics approach was carried out to characterize the effects of differential H3K27me3 deposition driven by EZH2 mutations. Three stable isogenic mutants (EZH2Y641F, EZH2A677G, and EZH2H689A/F667I) were examined using EpiProfile, H3K27me3 CUT&Tag, ATAC-Seq, transcriptomics, label-free proteomics, and untargeted metabolomics. A discrete set of genes and downstream targets were identified for the EZH2 GOF and LOF mutants that impacted pathways involved in cellular proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Disruption of protein networks and metabolic signatures able to sustain aberrant cell behavior was observed in response to EZH2 mutations. This systems biology-based analysis sheds light on EZH2-mediated cell transformative processes, from the epigenetic to the phenotypic level. These studies provide novel insights into aberrant EZH2 function along with targets that can be explored for improved diagnostics/treatment in hematologic malignancies with mutated EZH2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Aldana
- Ohio State Biochemistry Program, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.A.); (M.L.G.)
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Miranda L. Gardner
- Ohio State Biochemistry Program, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.A.); (M.L.G.)
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Michael A. Freitas
- Ohio State Biochemistry Program, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.A.); (M.L.G.)
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Karmaus W, Kheirkhah Rahimabad P, Pham N, Mukherjee N, Chen S, Anthony TM, Arshad HS, Rathod A, Sultana N, Jones AD. Association of Metabolites, Nutrients, and Toxins in Maternal and Cord Serum with Asthma, IgE, SPT, FeNO, and Lung Function in Offspring. Metabolites 2023; 13:737. [PMID: 37367895 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of metabolites, nutrients, and toxins (MNTs) in sera at the end of pregnancy and of their association with offspring respiratory and allergic disorders is underexplored. Untargeted approaches detecting a variety of compounds, known and unknown, are limited. In this cohort study, we first aimed at discovering associations of MNTs in grandmaternal (F0) serum with asthma, immunoglobulin E, skin prick tests, exhaled nitric oxide, and lung function parameters in their parental (F1) offspring. Second, for replication, we tested the identified associations of MNTs with disorders in their grandchildren (F2-offspring) based on F2 cord serum. The statistical analyses were sex-stratified. Using liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry in F0, we detected signals for 2286 negative-ion lipids, 59 positive-ion lipids, and 6331 polar MNTs. Nine MNTs (one unknown MNT) discovered in F0-F1 and replicated in F2 showed higher risks of respiratory/allergic outcomes. Twelve MNTs (four unknowns) constituted a potential protection in F1 and F2. We recognized MNTs not yet considered candidates for respiratory/allergic outcomes: a phthalate plasticizer, an antihistamine, a bile acid metabolite, tryptophan metabolites, a hemiterpenoid glycoside, triacylglycerols, hypoxanthine, and polyphenol syringic acid. The findings suggest that MNTs are aspirants for clinical trials to prevent adverse respiratory/allergic outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wilfried Karmaus
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Parnian Kheirkhah Rahimabad
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Ngan Pham
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Nandini Mukherjee
- Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Su Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4375, USA
| | - Thilani M Anthony
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Hasan S Arshad
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, Isle of Wight PO30 5TG, UK
| | - Aniruddha Rathod
- Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Nahid Sultana
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - A Daniel Jones
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Falnes PØ, Małecki JM, Herrera MC, Bengtsen M, Davydova E. Human seven-β-strand (METTL) methyltransferases - conquering the universe of protein lysine methylation. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104661. [PMID: 36997089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
|
4
|
Bhuiya J, Notsu Y, Kobayashi H, Shibly AZ, Sheikh AM, Okazaki R, Yamaguchi K, Nagai A, Nabika T, Abe T, Yamasaki M, Isomura M, Yano S. Neither Trimethylamine-N-Oxide nor Trimethyllysine Is Associated with Atherosclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Study in Older Japanese Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030759. [PMID: 36771464 PMCID: PMC9921512 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite of L-carnitine and choline, is linked to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. As TMAO content is very high in fish, we raised the following question: why do Japanese people, who consume lots of fish, show a low risk of atherosclerosis? To address this question, we investigated the effects of TMAO and other L-carnitine-related metabolites on carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). Participants were recruited from a small island and a mountainous region. Plasma L-carnitine, γ-butyrobetaine (γBB), TMAO, trimethyllysine (TML), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels were measured using liquid or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Plasma L-carnitine concentration was higher in men than in women. TMAO and TML were significantly higher in the residents of the island than in the mountainous people. In multiple linear regression analyses in all participants, TML showed a significant inverse association with max-IMT and plaque score (PS), whereas TMAO did not show any associations. In women, L-carnitine was positively associated with max-IMT and PS. TMAO was correlated with both EPA and DHA levels, implying that fish is a major dietary source of TMAO in Japanese people. Our study found that plasma TMAO was not an apparent risk factor for atherosclerosis in elderly Japanese people, whereas a low level of TML might be a potential risk. L-carnitine may be a marker for atherosclerosis in women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jubo Bhuiya
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo City 693-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Notsu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo City 693-8501, Japan
- Metabolizumo Project, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo City 693-8501, Japan
| | - Hironori Kobayashi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo City 693-8501, Japan
- Metabolizumo Project, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo City 693-8501, Japan
| | - Abu Zaffar Shibly
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo City 693-8501, Japan
| | - Abdullah Md. Sheikh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo City 693-8501, Japan
| | - Ryota Okazaki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo City 693-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuto Yamaguchi
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo City 693-8501, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nagai
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo City 693-8501, Japan
| | - Toru Nabika
- Metabolizumo Project, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo City 693-8501, Japan
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo City 693-8501, Japan
| | - Takafumi Abe
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo City 693-8501, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamasaki
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo City 693-8501, Japan
| | - Minoru Isomura
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo City 693-8501, Japan
| | - Shozo Yano
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo City 693-8501, Japan
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo City 693-8501, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-0853-20-2312; Fax: +81-0853-20-2409
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Buffalo milk and rumen fluid metabolome are significantly affected by green feed. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1381. [PMID: 36697476 PMCID: PMC9877005 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25491-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of green feed for livestock breeding is an important strategy to encounter both the increasing demand for animal derived products and the perceptions of the consumers regarding animal welfare and sustainability. The aim of this study was to compare different feeding strategies in lactating water buffaloes by using a metabolomic approach. The study was carried out on 32 milking buffaloes that were randomly divided into two groups for a total period of 90 days (3 sampling times). DD Group (dry diet) received a standard total mixed ratio (TMR) characterized by dry forages and concentrates; ZG Group (zero grazing) fed an isoenergetic and isoproteic diet obtained using 30% of sorghum as green forage. Samples of milk and rumen fluid were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) techniques. Data analyses revealed the presence of several differentially accumulated metabolites and among these, ten compounds were putatively identified in milk samples (i.e. L-carnitine, acetylcarnitine, propionylcarnitine, butyrylcarnitine, 2-methylbutyroylcarnitine, 2-hexenoylcarnitine, hexanoylcarnitine, glycerophosphocholine, δ-valerobetaine and γ-butyrobetaine) and four in rumen fluid (3-(2-hydroxyphenyl) propanoate, Indole-3-acrylic acid, oleamide (cis-9,10-octadecenoamide) and 20-carboxy-leukotriene B4). The modulation of these molecules in buffalo milk is significantly related to the green/dry based feeding and some the natural compound detected could be considered as health-promoting nutrients.
Collapse
|
6
|
Gut Microbiota-Derived TMAO: A Causal Factor Promoting Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031940. [PMID: 36768264 PMCID: PMC9916030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is the main diet-induced metabolite produced by the gut microbiota, and it is mainly eliminated through renal excretion. TMAO has been correlated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and related complications, such as cardiovascular mortality or major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Meta-analyses have postulated that high circulating TMAO levels are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality, but the link between TMAO and CVD remains not fully consistent. The results of prospective studies vary depending on the target population and the outcome studied, and the adjustment for renal function tends to decrease or reverse the significant association between TMAO and the outcome studied, strongly suggesting that the association is substantially mediated by renal function. Importantly, one Mendelian randomization study did not find a significant association between genetically predicted higher TMAO levels and cardiometabolic disease, but another found a positive causal relationship between TMAO levels and systolic blood pressure, which-at least in part-could explain the link with renal function. The mechanisms by which TMAO can increase this risk are not clearly elucidated, but current evidence indicates that TMAO induces cholesterol metabolism alterations, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and platelet activation. Overall, there is no fully conclusive evidence that TMAO is a causal factor of ASCVD, and, especially, whether TMAO induces or just is a marker of hypertension and renal dysfunction requires further study.
Collapse
|
7
|
De los Santos-Jiménez J, Rosales T, Ko B, Campos-Sandoval JA, Alonso FJ, Márquez J, DeBerardinis RJ, Matés JM. Metabolic Adjustments following Glutaminase Inhibition by CB-839 in Glioblastoma Cell Lines. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020531. [PMID: 36672480 PMCID: PMC9856342 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Most tumor cells can use glutamine (Gln) for energy generation and biosynthetic purposes. Glutaminases (GAs) convert Gln into glutamate and ammonium. In humans, GAs are encoded by two genes: GLS and GLS2. In glioblastoma, GLS is commonly overexpressed and considered pro-oncogenic. We studied the metabolic effects of inhibiting GLS activity in T98G, LN229, and U87MG human glioblastoma cell lines by using the inhibitor CB-839. We performed metabolomics and isotope tracing experiments using U-13C-labeled Gln, as well as 15N-labeled Gln in the amide group, to determine the metabolic fates of Gln carbon and nitrogen atoms. In the presence of the inhibitor, the results showed an accumulation of Gln and lower levels of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, and aspartate, along with a decreased oxidative labeling and diminished reductive carboxylation-related labeling of these metabolites. Additionally, CB-839 treatment caused decreased levels of metabolites from pyrimidine biosynthesis and an accumulation of intermediate metabolites in the de novo purine nucleotide biosynthesis pathway. The levels of some acetylated and methylated metabolites were significantly increased, including acetyl-carnitine, trimethyl-lysine, and 5-methylcytosine. In conclusion, we analyzed the metabolic landscape caused by the GLS inhibition of CB-839 in human glioma cells, which might lead to the future development of new combination therapies with CB-839.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan De los Santos-Jiménez
- Canceromics Laboratory, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Tracy Rosales
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Bookyung Ko
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - José A. Campos-Sandoval
- Canceromics Laboratory, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Alonso
- Canceromics Laboratory, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Javier Márquez
- Canceromics Laboratory, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Ralph J. DeBerardinis
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - José M. Matés
- Canceromics Laboratory, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-952133430
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
de Oliveira AN, Bolognini SRF, Navarro LC, Delafiori J, Sales GM, de Oliveira DN, Catharino RR. Tomato classification using mass spectrometry-machine learning technique: A food safety-enhancing platform. Food Chem 2023; 398:133870. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
|
9
|
Zong X, Fan Q, Yang Q, Pan R, Zhuang L, Xi R, Zhang R, Tao R. Trimethyllysine, a trimethylamine N-oxide precursor, predicts the presence, severity, and prognosis of heart failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:907997. [PMID: 36247428 PMCID: PMC9558138 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.907997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Intestinal flora metabolites are associated with cardiovascular (CV) diseases including heart failure (HF). The carnitine precursor trimethyllysine (TML), which participates in the generation of the atherogenic-related metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), was found to be related to poor prognosis in patients with CV diseases. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between TML and stable chronic HF. Methods and results In total, 956 subjects including 471 stable chronic HF and 485 non-HF patients were enrolled in the present cohort study and subjects with stable HF were followed up for 2.0 ± 1.1 years. Serum levels of TML and TMAO were measured by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry in tandem. TML levels were significantly elevated in patients with HF compared with non-HF patients and were positively correlated with N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) levels (r = 0.448, P < 0.001). TML was associated with the presence of HF after adjusting for age, sex, complications, traditional clinical factors, and TMAO (tertile 3 (T3), adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19–3.13, and P = 0.007). In patients with HF, increased TML levels were associated with a composite endpoint of CV death and HF hospitalization during follow-up (T3, adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.93, 95% CI 1.27–2.93, and P = 0.002). Increased TML levels indicated a higher risk of CV death, re-hospitalization, and all-cause mortality. Conclusion Serum TML levels were associated with the presence and severity of HF in all subjects. High levels of TML can indicate complications and poor prognosis in HF patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Institution of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Qin Fan,
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Institution of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Roubai Pan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingfang Zhuang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Institution of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Xi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiyan Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Tao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Rong Tao,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Salzano A, Di Meo MC, D’Onofrio N, Bifulco G, Cotticelli A, Licitra F, Iraci Fuintino A, Cascone G, Balestrieri ML, Varricchio E, Campanile G. Breed and Feeding System Impact the Bioactive Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Bovine Milk. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911088. [PMID: 36232386 PMCID: PMC9569879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed at assessing the influence of breed and feeding system on the bovine milk profile of betaines and carnitines and milk capacity in counteracting the inflammatory endothelial cell (EC) damage induced by interleukin (IL)-6. In the first experimental design, two breeds were chosen (Holstein vs. Modicana) to investigate the biomolecule content and antioxidant capacity in milk and dairy products. In the second experimental design, two feeding systems (pasture vs. total mixed ratio) were tested only in Holstein to evaluate the possible effect on the functional profile of milk and dairy products. Finally, the bulk milk from the two experimental designs was used to evaluate the efficacy of preventing IL-6-induced endothelial inflammatory damage. Results showed that Modicana milk and whey had higher biomolecule content and antioxidant activity compared to Holstein milk (p < 0.01). Milk from Holstein fed TMR showed higher concentration of γ-butyrobetaine, δ-valerobetaine (p < 0.01), and l-carnitine (p < 0.05). Similarly, whey from Holstein fed TMR also showed higher content of δ-valerobetaine, glycine betaine, l-carnitine, and acetyl-l-carnitine (p < 0.01) compared to the Holstein fed pasture. Conversely, the antioxidant activity of milk and dairy products was not affected by the feeding system. In ECs, all milk samples reduced the IL-6-induced cytokine release, as well as the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the induction of cell death, with the most robust effect elicited by Modicana milk (p < 0.01). Overall, Modicana milk showed a higher content of biomolecules and antioxidant activity compared to Holstein, suggesting that the breed, more than the feeding system, can positively affect the health-promoting profile of dairy cattle milk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Salzano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Di Meo
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Nunzia D’Onofrio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Bifulco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessio Cotticelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesca Licitra
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Cascone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Balestrieri
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ettore Varricchio
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campanile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
SIRT3 Modulates Endothelial Mitochondrial Redox State during Insulin Resistance. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081611. [PMID: 36009329 PMCID: PMC9404744 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that defects in sirtuin signaling contribute to impaired glucose and lipid metabolism, resulting in insulin resistance (IR) and endothelial dysfunction. Here, we examined the effects of palmitic acid (PA) treatment on mitochondrial sirtuins (SIRT2, SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5) and oxidative homeostasis in human endothelial cells (TeloHAEC). Results showed that treatment for 48 h with PA (0.5 mM) impaired cell viability, induced loss of insulin signaling, imbalanced the oxidative status (p < 0.001), and caused negative modulation of sirtuin protein and mRNA expression, with a predominant effect on SIRT3 (p < 0.001). Restoration of SIRT3 levels by mimic transfection (SIRT3+) suppressed the PA-induced autophagy (mimic NC+PA) (p < 0.01), inflammation, and pyroptosis (p < 0.01) mediated by the NLRP3/caspase-1 axis. Moreover, the unbalanced endothelial redox state induced by PA was counteracted by the antioxidant δ-valerobetaine (δVB), which was able to upregulate protein and mRNA expression of sirtuins, reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and decrease cell death. Overall, results support the central role of SIRT3 in maintaining the endothelial redox homeostasis under IR and unveil the potential of the antioxidant δVB in enhancing the defense against IR-related injuries.
Collapse
|
12
|
Haikonen R, Kärkkäinen O, Koistinen V, Hanhineva K. Diet- and microbiota-related metabolite, 5-aminovaleric acid betaine (5-AVAB), in health and disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2022; 33:463-480. [PMID: 35508517 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
5-Aminovaleric acid betaine (5-AVAB) is a trimethylated compound associated with the gut microbiota, potentially produced endogenously, and related to the dietary intake of certain foods such as whole grains. 5-AVAB accumulates within the metabolically active tissues and has been typically found in higher concentrations in the heart, muscle, and brown adipose tissue. Furthermore, 5-AVAB has been associated with positive health effects such as fetal brain development, insulin secretion, and reduced cancer risk. However, it also has been linked with some negative health outcomes such as cardiovascular disease and fatty liver disease. At the cellular level, 5-AVAB can influence cellular energy metabolism by reducing β-oxidation of fatty acids. This review will focus on the metabolic role of 5-AVAB with respect to both physiology and pathology. Moreover, the analytics and origin of 5-AVAB and related compounds will be reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Retu Haikonen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Olli Kärkkäinen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ville Koistinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Life Technologies, Food Chemistry and Food Development Unit, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Life Technologies, Food Chemistry and Food Development Unit, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lassak J, Sieber A, Hellwig M. Exceptionally versatile take II: post-translational modifications of lysine and their impact on bacterial physiology. Biol Chem 2022; 403:819-858. [PMID: 35172419 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Among the 22 proteinogenic amino acids, lysine sticks out due to its unparalleled chemical diversity of post-translational modifications. This results in a wide range of possibilities to influence protein function and hence modulate cellular physiology. Concomitantly, lysine derivatives form a metabolic reservoir that can confer selective advantages to those organisms that can utilize it. In this review, we provide examples of selected lysine modifications and describe their role in bacterial physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Lassak
- Department of Biology I, Microbiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Straße 2-4, D-82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Alina Sieber
- Department of Biology I, Microbiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Straße 2-4, D-82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Michael Hellwig
- Technische Universität Braunschweig - Institute of Food Chemistry, Schleinitzstraße 20, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tatullo M, Marrelli B, Benincasa C, Aiello E, Amantea M, Gentile S, Leonardi N, Balestrieri ML, Campanile G. Potential impact of functional biomolecules-enriched foods on human health: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:563-571. [PMID: 35370460 PMCID: PMC8964315 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.70435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring milk compounds have recently been investigated for their health-promoting properties; in fact, their anti-microbial, immuno-modulatory, antioxidant and anti-thrombotic activities, have increasingly gained interest within the scientific community. We have reported a translational, randomized, controlled clinical trial (RCT) on human subjects with a moderate to high cardiovascular risk, and a body mass index (BMI) >25.1 kg/m2, to evaluate the clinical impact of biomolecules-enriched Mediterranean Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) milk and its derived dairy foods, produced with innovative breeding techniques. The experimental arm involved patients that followed a diet including the above-described products (treated group; n= 11); the control arm was based on a diet including cow milk and its dairy products (control group; n= 9). The results of this study have been statistically evaluated, pointing out a specific significance related to the comparative analysis of the blood pressure among the 2 arms; in fact, this value showed a significant improvement in an extremely short experimental time. Nevertheless, this study also reported not-significant results that were indicative of an interesting and promising tendency in modulating specific diet-depending haematological and biomedical values. In conclusion, this RCT has assessed that the foods derived from buffalo milk naturally enriched with biomolecules, was able to improve the overall blood glucose levels, the BMI and the body weight. These preliminary results are suitable for the design of future strategies in the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases, thus improving the overall quality of life and the policies of healthcare management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tatullo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, P.ce G. Cesare 11, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Benedetta Marrelli
- Marrelli Health - Tecnologica Research Institute, Biomedical Section, Street E. Fermi, 88900 Crotone, Italy
| | - Caterina Benincasa
- Marrelli Health - Tecnologica Research Institute, Biomedical Section, Street E. Fermi, 88900 Crotone, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Aiello
- Marrelli Health - Tecnologica Research Institute, Biomedical Section, Street E. Fermi, 88900 Crotone, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Amantea
- Marrelli Health - Tecnologica Research Institute, Biomedical Section, Street E. Fermi, 88900 Crotone, Italy
| | - Stefano Gentile
- Marrelli Health - Tecnologica Research Institute, Biomedical Section, Street E. Fermi, 88900 Crotone, Italy
| | - Noemi Leonardi
- Marrelli Health - Tecnologica Research Institute, Biomedical Section, Street E. Fermi, 88900 Crotone, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Balestrieri
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campanile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xu J, Zhao M, Wang A, Xue J, Cheng S, Cheng A, Gao J, Zhang Q, Zhan R, Meng X, Xu M, Li H, Zheng L, Wang Y. Association Between Plasma Trimethyllysine and Prognosis of Patients With Ischemic Stroke. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e020979. [PMID: 34816729 PMCID: PMC9075360 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.020979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background Trimethyllysine, a trimethylamine N‐oxide precursor, has been identified as an independent cardiovascular risk factor in acute coronary syndrome. However, limited data are available to examine the role of trimethyllysine in the population with stroke. We aimed to examine the relationship between plasma trimethyllysine levels and stroke outcomes in patients presenting with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Methods and Results Data of 10 027 patients with ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack from the CNSR‐III (Third China National Stroke Registry) and 1‐year follow‐up data for stroke outcomes were analyzed. Plasma levels of trimethyllysine were measured with mass spectrometry. The association between trimethyllysine and stroke outcomes was analyzed using Cox regression models. Mediation analysis was performed to examine the mediation effects of risk factors on the associations of trimethyllysine and stroke outcomes. Elevated trimethyllysine levels were associated with increased risk of cardiovascular death (quartile 4 versus quartile 1: adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.72; 95% CI, 1.03–2.86) and all‐cause mortality (quartile 4 versus quartile 1: HR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.40–2.78) in multivariate Cox regression model. However, no associations were found between trimethyllysine and nonfatal stroke recurrence or nonfatal myocardial infarction. Trimethyllysine was associated with cardiovascular death independent of trimethylamine N‐oxide. Both estimated glomerular filtration rate and hs‐CRP (high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein) had significant mediation effects on the association of trimethyllysine with cardiovascular death, with a mediation effect of 37.8% and 13.4%, respectively. Conclusions Elevated trimethyllysine level is associated with cardiovascular death among patients with ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack. Mediation analyses propose that trimethyllysine contributes to cardiovascular death through inflammation and renal function, suggesting a possible pathomechanistic link.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection The Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Health Science Center Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides of Ministry of Health Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research Peking University Beijing China
| | - Anxin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection The Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Jing Xue
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection The Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Si Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection The Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Aichun Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection The Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Jianing Gao
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Health Science Center Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides of Ministry of Health Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research Peking University Beijing China
| | - Qi Zhang
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Health Science Center Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides of Ministry of Health Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research Peking University Beijing China
| | - Rui Zhan
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Health Science Center Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides of Ministry of Health Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research Peking University Beijing China
| | - Xia Meng
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection The Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine Peking University Third Hospital Beijing China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection The Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Lemin Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection The Capital Medical University Beijing China.,The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Health Science Center Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides of Ministry of Health Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research Peking University Beijing China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection The Capital Medical University Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bjørnestad EØ, Dhar I, Svingen GFT, Pedersen ER, Svenningsson MM, Tell GS, Ueland PM, Ørn S, Sulo G, Laaksonen R, Nygård O. Trimethyllysine predicts all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in community-dwelling adults and patients with coronary heart disease. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL OPEN 2021; 1:oeab007. [PMID: 35919088 PMCID: PMC9242046 DOI: 10.1093/ehjopen/oeab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Aims Trimethyllysine (TML) is involved in carnitine synthesis, serves as a precursor of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and is associated with cardiovascular events in patients with established coronary heart disease (CHD). We prospectively examined circulating TML as a predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in community-dwelling adults and patients with CHD. Methods and results By Cox regression modelling, risk associations were examined in 6393 subjects in the community-based Hordaland Health Study (HUSK). A replication study was conducted among 4117 patients with suspected stable angina pectoris in the Western Norway Coronary Angiography Cohort (WECAC). During a mean follow-up of 10.5 years in the HUSK-cohort, 884 (13.8%) subjects died, of whom 287 from cardiovascular causes. After multivariable adjustments for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, the hazard ratio (HR) [95% confidence interval (95% CI)] for all-cause mortality comparing the 4th vs. 1st TML-quartile was 1.66 (1.31–2.10, P < 0.001). Particularly strong associations were observed for cardiovascular mortality [HR (95% CI) 2.04 (1.32–3.15, P = 0.001)]. Corresponding risk-estimates in the WECAC (mean follow-up of 9.8 years) were 1.35 [1.10–1.66, P = 0.004] for all-cause and 1.45 [1.06–1.98, P = 0.02] for cardiovascular mortality. Significant correlations between plasma TML and TMAO were observed in both cohorts (rs ≥ 0.42, P < 0.001); however, additional adjustments for TMAO did not materially influence the risk associations, and no effect modification by TMAO was found. Conclusions Elevated TML-levels were associated with increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality both in subjects with and without established CHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Espen Ø Bjørnestad
- Department of Cardiology, Stavanger University Hospital , Gerd-Ragna Bloch Thorsens gate 8, 4011 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Indu Dhar
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen , Postboks 7804, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Gard F T Svingen
- Department of Cardiology, Haukeland University Hospital , Jonas Lies vei 65, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Eva R Pedersen
- Department of Cardiology, Haukeland University Hospital , Jonas Lies vei 65, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen , Postboks 7804 NO-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Mads M Svenningsson
- Department of Cardiology, Haukeland University Hospital , Jonas Lies vei 65, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Grethe S Tell
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen , Årstadveien 17, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Per M Ueland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen , Postboks 7804 NO-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Stein Ørn
- Department of Cardiology, Stavanger University Hospital , Gerd-Ragna Bloch Thorsens gate 8, 4011 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Gerhard Sulo
- Centre for Disease Burden, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Zander Kaaesgate 7, 5015 Bergen, Norway
| | - Reijo Laaksonen
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Tampere, Tampere University Hospital, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Ottar Nygård
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen , Postboks 7804, 5020 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Haukeland University Hospital , Jonas Lies vei 65, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cautela D, De Sio F, Balestrieri ML, Casale R, Laratta B, Castaldo D, Pastore A, Servillo L, DʼOnofrio N. Amino acids, betaines and related ammonium compounds in Neapolitan limmo, a Mediterranean sweet lime, also known as lemoncetta Locrese. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:981-988. [PMID: 32761816 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The so-called 'Neapolitan limmo' or 'lemoncetta Locrese' is an old and now rare Mediterranean sweet lime, similar to lemon but smaller. It is a fruit distinguished from orange, lemon, mandarin, and lime for its sweeter, watery, and non-acidic taste, with a pH between 5.6 and 5.9. No compositional studies are currently available for this citrus fruit. Here we report, for the first time, the distribution in the limmo juice of free amino acids and their main derivatives such as betaines and related ammonium compounds. RESULTS Seven proteinogenic amino acids (proline, asparagine, serine, aspartic acid, glutamine, alanine, and threonine) and a non-protein amino acid (γ-aminobutyric acid) characterize Neapolitan limmo juice. Proline betaine is the predominant betaine. The data were compared with those of other important citrus juices. CONCLUSION The specific 'taste quality' of Neapolitan limmo juice can be attributed to its peculiar composition in amino acids. The species-specific presence of the ammonium compound derivatives of the amino acid proline, with proline betaine as the predominant betaine, characterize the non-acidic varieties of Mediterranean sweet lime. Our study constitutes an important step towards the repopulation of this ancient plant and its exploitation in food industry. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Cautela
- Stazione Sperimentale per le Industrie delle Essenze e dei Derivati dagli Agrumi (SSEA) - Azienda Speciale CCIAA di Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Francesco De Sio
- Stazione Sperimentale per le Industrie delle Conserve Alimentari (SSICA) - Fondazione di Ricerca CCIAA di Parma, Salerno, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Balestrieri
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Casale
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Bruna Laratta
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Castaldo
- Stazione Sperimentale per le Industrie delle Essenze e dei Derivati dagli Agrumi (SSEA) - Azienda Speciale CCIAA di Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e ProdALscarl, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Salerno, Italy
- Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico (MiSE), Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Pastore
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Luigi Servillo
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia DʼOnofrio
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Maas MN, Hintzen JCJ, Porzberg MRB, Mecinović J. Trimethyllysine: From Carnitine Biosynthesis to Epigenetics. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9451. [PMID: 33322546 PMCID: PMC7764450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Trimethyllysine is an important post-translationally modified amino acid with functions in the carnitine biosynthesis and regulation of key epigenetic processes. Protein lysine methyltransferases and demethylases dynamically control protein lysine methylation, with each state of methylation changing the biophysical properties of lysine and the subsequent effect on protein function, in particular histone proteins and their central role in epigenetics. Epigenetic reader domain proteins can distinguish between different lysine methylation states and initiate downstream cellular processes upon recognition. Dysregulation of protein methylation is linked to various diseases, including cancer, inflammation, and genetic disorders. In this review, we cover biomolecular studies on the role of trimethyllysine in carnitine biosynthesis, different enzymatic reactions involved in the synthesis and removal of trimethyllysine, trimethyllysine recognition by reader proteins, and the role of trimethyllysine on the nucleosome assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jasmin Mecinović
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark; (M.N.M.); (J.C.J.H.); (M.R.B.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Green feed increases antioxidant and antineoplastic activity of buffalo milk: A globally significant livestock. Food Chem 2020; 344:128669. [PMID: 33248845 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The effect of green feed on health-promoting biomolecules in milk was examined in dairy buffaloes. Buffaloes received a total mixed ration (TMR) (Control, C; n = 40) or TMR + alfalfa green feed (30% of diet) (Treated, T; n = 40). Biomolecules and functional activity were measured in milk obtained twice-monthly. Treated buffaloes had higher milk l-carnitine, acetyl-l-carnitine, propionyl-l-carnitine and δ-valerobetaine (P < 0.01). They also had higher antioxidant activity (P < 0.01). Compared with C buffaloes, milk of T buffaloes improved the viability of endothelial cells exposed to high-glucose (P < 0.01), and reduced intracellular lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cytokine release (P < 0.01). Milk of T buffaloes inhibited with greater potency the viability of human HCT116 and Cal 27 cancer cells (P < 0.001). The findings show that including green feed in the diet of dairy buffaloes enhances health-promoting biomolecules and the antioxidant and antineoplastic properties of milk.
Collapse
|
20
|
Bjørnestad EØ, Olset H, Dhar I, Løland K, Pedersen EKR, Svingen GFT, Svardal A, Berge RK, Ueland PM, Tell GS, Nilsen DWT, Nordrehaug JE, Nygaard E, Nygård O. Circulating trimethyllysine and risk of acute myocardial infarction in patients with suspected stable coronary heart disease. J Intern Med 2020; 288:446-456. [PMID: 32270523 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The carnitine precursor trimethyllysine (TML) is associated with progression of atherosclerosis, possibly through a relationship with trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). Riboflavin is a cofactor in TMAO synthesis. We examined prospective relationships of circulating TML and TMAO with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and potential effect modifications by riboflavin status. METHODS By Cox modelling, risk associations were examined amongst 4098 patients (71.8% men) with suspected stable angina pectoris. Subgroup analyses were performed according to median plasma riboflavin. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 4.9 years, 336 (8.2%) patients experienced an AMI. The age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) (95% CI) comparing the 4th vs. 1st TML quartile was 2.19 (1.56-3.09). Multivariable adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and indices of renal function only slightly attenuated the risk estimates [HR (95% CI) 1.79 (1.23-2.59)], which were particularly strong amongst patients with riboflavin levels above the median (Pint = 0.035). Plasma TML and TMAO were strongly correlated (rs = 0.41; P < 0.001); however, plasma TMAO was not associated with AMI risk in adjusted analyses [HR (95% CI) 0.81 (0.58-1.14)]. No interaction between TML and TMAO was observed. CONCLUSION Amongst patients with suspected stable angina pectoris, plasma TML, but not TMAO, independently predicted risk of AMI. Our results motivate further research on metabolic processes determining TML levels and their potential associations with cardiovascular disease. We did not adjust for multiple comparisons, and the subgroup analyses should be interpreted with caution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Ø Bjørnestad
- From the, Departments of, Department of, Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - H Olset
- Department of, Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - I Dhar
- Department of, Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - K Løland
- Department of, Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - E K R Pedersen
- Department of, Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - G F T Svingen
- Department of, Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - A Svardal
- Department of, Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - R K Berge
- Department of, Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of, Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - P M Ueland
- Department of, Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - G S Tell
- Department of, Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - D W T Nilsen
- Department of, Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of, Cardiology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - J E Nordrehaug
- Department of, Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - E Nygaard
- Department of, Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - O Nygård
- Department of, Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of, Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Simó C, García-Cañas V. Dietary bioactive ingredients to modulate the gut microbiota-derived metabolite TMAO. New opportunities for functional food development. Food Funct 2020; 11:6745-6776. [PMID: 32686802 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01237h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing body of clinical evidence that supports a strong association between elevated circulating trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels with increased risk of developing adverse cardiovascular outcomes such as atherosclerosis and thrombosis. TMAO is synthesized through a meta-organismal stepwise process that involves (i) the microbial production of TMA in the gut from dietary precursors and (ii) its subsequent oxidation to TMAO by flavin-containing monooxygenases in the liver. Choline, l-carnitine, betaine, and other TMA-containing compounds are the major dietary precursors of TMA. TMAO can also be absorbed directly from the gastrointestinal tract after the intake of TMAO-rich foods such as fish and shellfish. Thus, diet is an important factor as it provides the nutritional precursors to eventually produce TMAO. A number of studies have attempted to associate circulating TMAO levels with the consumption of diets rich in these foods. On the other hand, there is growing interest for the development of novel food ingredients that reduce either the TMAO-induced damage or the endogenous TMAO levels through the interference with microbiota and host metabolic processes involved in TMAO pathway. Such novel functional food ingredients would offer great opportunities to control circulating TMAO levels or its effects, and potentially contribute to decrease cardiovascular risk. In this review we summarize and discuss current data regarding the effects of TMA precursors-enriched foods or diets on circulating TMAO levels, and recent findings regarding the circulating TMAO-lowering effects of specific foods, food constituents and phytochemicals found in herbs, individually or in extracts, and their potential beneficial effect for cardiovascular health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Simó
- Molecular Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), c/Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
D'Onofrio N, Cacciola NA, Martino E, Borrelli F, Fiorino F, Lombardi A, Neglia G, Balestrieri ML, Campanile G. ROS-Mediated Apoptotic Cell Death of Human Colon Cancer LoVo Cells by Milk δ-Valerobetaine. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8978. [PMID: 32488123 PMCID: PMC7265370 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65865-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
δ-Valerobetaine (δVB) is a constitutive milk metabolite with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Here, we tested the antineoplastic properties of milk δVB on human colorectal cancer cells. CCD 841 CoN (non-tumorigenic), HT-29 (p53 mutant adenocarcinoma) and LoVo (APC/RAS mutant adenocarcinoma) cells were exposed to 3 kDa milk extract, δVB (2 mM) or milk+δVB up to 72 h. Results showed a time- and dose-dependent capability of δVB to inhibit cancer cell viability, with higher potency in LoVo cells. Treatment with milk+δVB arrested cell cycle in G2/M and SubG1 phases by upregulating p21, cyclin A, cyclin B1 and p53 protein expressions. Noteworthy, δVB also increased necrosis (P < 0.01) and when used in combination with milk it improved its activity on live cell reduction (P < 0.05) and necrosis (P < 0.05). δVB-enriched milk activated caspase 3, caspase 9, Bax/Bcl-2 apoptotic pathway and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, whereas no effects on ROS generation were observed in CCD 841 CoN cells. The altered redox homeostasis induced by milk+δVB was accompanied by upregulation of sirtuin 6 (SIRT6). SIRT6 silencing by small interfering RNA blocked autophagy and apoptosis activated by milk+δVB, unveiling the role of this sirtuin in the ROS-mediated apoptotic LoVo cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nunzia D'Onofrio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzio Antonio Cacciola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80137, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), National Research Council (CNR), 80055, Naples, Italy
| | - Elisa Martino
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Borrelli
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Fiorino
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Assunta Lombardi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluca Neglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80137, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Balestrieri
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Campanile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80137, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Integrating RNA-sequencing and untargeted LC-MS metabolomics to evaluate the effect of lysine deficiency on hepatic functions in Holstein calves. Amino Acids 2020; 52:781-792. [PMID: 32372391 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02852-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lysine (Lys) is majorly metabolized in the liver. The liver functional consequences of a dietary Lys deficiency in young Holstein calves are unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Lys deficiency in Holstein calf livers using RNA-sequencing and untargeted LC-MS metabolomics. Calves (n = 36; initial body weight 101.2 ± 10.8 kg; 90-day-old) were fed restricted diets, for 90 days, containing 19.2% crude protein that varied in Lys content (PC group 1.21%; PC-Lys group 0.85%; dry matter basis) for 90 days. Body weight, average daily gain, gain/feed, and Lys intake were significantly decreased in response to Lys deficiency (P < 0.05). Dry matter intake was not altered (P > 0.05). Network and pathway analyses revealed that noradrenaline, adenosine 5'-monophosphate, acetyl-CoA, and coenzyme A were significantly decreased. Regulating of lipolysis in adipocytes pathway and fatty acid degradation pathway were downregulated. We also identified eight significantly differentially expressed genes (SDEGs), among which adrenoceptor beta 2 (ADRB2), WAP four-disulfide core domain 2 (WFDC2), and claudin-4 (CLDN4) were associated with inhibition of lipolysis, and carbon catabolite repression 4-like (CCRN4L), FOS like 2 (FOSL2), and arginase 2 (ARG2) were associated with inhibiting lipid synthesis. Correlation tests showed that coenzyme A was strongly correlated with SDEGs (0.82 ≤|r|≤ 0.96). Acetyl-CoA and adenosine 5'-monophosphate were strongly correlated with CCRN4L (0.90 ≤|r|≤ 0.92), indicating a strong correlation between the changes in SDEGs and these metabolites. In conclusion, Lys deficiency caused dysplasia and affected lipid metabolism in the liver by inhibiting lipolysis and lipid synthesis in calves.
Collapse
|
24
|
Mindt M, Walter T, Kugler P, Wendisch VF. Microbial Engineering for Production of N-Functionalized Amino Acids and Amines. Biotechnol J 2020; 15:e1900451. [PMID: 32170807 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
N-functionalized amines play important roles in nature and occur, for example, in the antibiotic vancomycin, the immunosuppressant cyclosporine, the cytostatic actinomycin, the siderophore aerobactin, the cyanogenic glucoside linamarin, and the polyamine spermidine. In the pharmaceutical and fine-chemical industries N-functionalized amines are used as building blocks for the preparation of bioactive molecules. Processes based on fermentation and on enzyme catalysis have been developed to provide sustainable manufacturing routes to N-alkylated, N-hydroxylated, N-acylated, or other N-functionalized amines including polyamines. Metabolic engineering for provision of precursor metabolites is combined with heterologous N-functionalizing enzymes such as imine or ketimine reductases, opine or amino acid dehydrogenases, N-hydroxylases, N-acyltransferase, or polyamine synthetases. Recent progress and applications of fermentative processes using metabolically engineered bacteria and yeasts along with the employed enzymes are reviewed and the perspectives on developing new fermentative processes based on insight from enzyme catalysis are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Mindt
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Biology and CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany.,BU Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Tatjana Walter
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Biology and CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany
| | - Pierre Kugler
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Biology and CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany
| | - Volker F Wendisch
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Biology and CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li XS, Obeid S, Wang Z, Hazen BJ, Li L, Wu Y, Hurd AG, Gu X, Pratt A, Levison BS, Chung YM, Nissen SE, Tang WHW, Mach F, Räber L, Nanchen D, Matter CM, Lüscher TF, Hazen SL. Trimethyllysine, a trimethylamine N-oxide precursor, provides near- and long-term prognostic value in patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J 2019; 40:2700-2709. [PMID: 31049589 PMCID: PMC7963132 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Trimethyllysine (TML) serves as a nutrient precursor of the gut microbiota-derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and is associated with incident cardiovascular (CV) events in stable subjects. We examined the relationship between plasma TML levels and incident CV events in patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). METHODS AND RESULTS Plasma levels of TML were quantified in two independent cohorts using mass spectrometry, and its relationship with CV events was investigated. In a Cleveland Cohort (N = 530), comprised of patients presenting to the emergency department with chest pain and suspected ACS, TML was associated with major adverse cardiac events (MACE, myocardial infarction, stroke, need for revascularization, or all-cause mortality) over both 30 days [3rd tertile (T3), adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-3.01; P < 0.05] and 6 months (T3, adjusted OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.15-3.32; P < 0.05) of follow-up independent of traditional CV risk factors and indices of renal function. Elevated TML levels were also associated with incident long-term (7-year) all-cause mortality [T3, adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 2.52, 95% CI 1.50-4.24; P < 0.001], and MACE even amongst patients persistently negative for cardiac Troponin T at presentation (e.g. 30-day MACE, T3, adjusted OR 4.49, 95% CI 2.06-9.79; P < 0.001). Trimethyllysine in combination with TMAO showed additive significance for near- and long-term CV events, including patients with 'negative' high-sensitivity Troponin T levels. In a multicentre Swiss Cohort (N = 1683) comprised of ACS patients, similar associations between TML and incident 1-year adverse cardiac risks were observed (e.g. mortality, adjusted T3 HR 2.74, 95% CI 1.28-5.85; P < 0.05; and MACE, adjusted T3 HR 1.55, 95% CI 1.04-2.31; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Plasma TML levels, alone and together with TMAO, are associated with both near- and long-term CV events in patients with chest pain and ACS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinmin S Li
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Slayman Obeid
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Ramistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zeneng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Benjamin J Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Yuping Wu
- Department of Mathematics, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | - Alex G Hurd
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Xiaodong Gu
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Alan Pratt
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Bruce S Levison
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Yoon-Mi Chung
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Steven E Nissen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Wai Hong Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - François Mach
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitaire de Geneve, Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, CH-1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - Lorenz Räber
- Department of Cardiology, Swiss Heart Center, Inselspital, Freiburgstrasse 18, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - David Nanchen
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 44, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian M Matter
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Ramistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, CH-8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, CH-8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Imperial College, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Stanley L Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Schiattarella GG, Trimarco B. Microbial metabolites as predictive biomarkers: a paradigm shift for cardiovascular risk stratification. Eur Heart J 2019; 40:2710-2712. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele G Schiattarella
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd, NB11.208, Dallas, Texas, 75390-8573, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Trimarco
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Metabolic footprint and intestinal microbial changes in response to dietary proteins in a pig model. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 67:149-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
28
|
Investigating the active site of human trimethyllysine hydroxylase. Biochem J 2019; 476:1109-1119. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The biologically important carnitine biosynthesis pathway in humans proceeds via four enzymatic steps. The first step in carnitine biosynthesis is catalyzed by trimethyllysine hydroxylase (TMLH), a non-heme Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate (2OG)-dependent oxygenase, which catalyzes the stereospecific hydroxylation of (2S)-Nε-trimethyllysine to (2S,3S)-3-hydroxy-Nε-trimethyllysine. Here, we report biocatalytic studies on human TMLH and its 19 variants introduced through site-directed mutagenesis. Amino acid substitutions at the sites involved in binding of the Fe(II) cofactor, 2OG cosubstrate and (2S)-Nε-trimethyllysine substrate provide a basic insight into the binding requirements that determine an efficient TMLH-catalyzed conversion of (2S)-Nε-trimethyllysine to (2S,3S)-3-hydroxy-Nε-trimethyllysine. This work demonstrates the importance of the recognition sites that contribute to the enzymatic activity of TMLH: the Fe(II)-binding H242–D244–H389 residues, R391–R398 involved in 2OG binding and several residues (D231, N334 and the aromatic cage comprised of W221, Y217 and Y234) associated with binding of (2S)-Nε-trimethyllysine.
Collapse
|
29
|
D'Onofrio N, Balestrieri A, Neglia G, Monaco A, Tatullo M, Casale R, Limone A, Balestrieri ML, Campanile G. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Buffalo Milk δ-Valerobetaine. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:1702-1710. [PMID: 30661355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b07166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
δ-Valerobetaine (δVB), a constitutive metabolite of ruminant milk, is produced in the rumen from free dietary Nε- trimethyllysine occurring ubiquitously in vegetable kingdom. The biological role of δVB is poorly known. Here, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of buffalo milk δVB was tested in vitro during high-glucose (HG)-induced endothelial damage. Results indicated that δVB (0.5 mM) ameliorated the HG cytotoxicity (0.57 ± 0.02 vs 0.41 ± 0.018 O.D. ( P < 0.01). Interestingly, buffalo milk extracts enriched with δVB showed improved significant efficacy in decreasing reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and cytokine release during HG treatment compared to milk extracts alone ( P < 0.05). It is noteworthy that δVB reduced the HG-activated inflammatory signal by modulating SIRT1 (0.96 ± 0.05 vs 0.85 ± 0.04 AU), SIRT6 (0.82 ± 0.04 vs 0.61 ± 0.03 AU), and NF-κB (0.85 ± 0.03 vs 1.23 ± 0.03 AU) ( P < 0.05). On the whole, our data show the first evidence of δVB efficacy in reducing endothelial oxidative stress and inflammation, suggesting a potential role of this betaine as a novel dietary compound with health-promoting properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nunzia D'Onofrio
- Department of Precision Medicine , University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli" , L. De Crecchio 7 , 80138 Naples , Italy
| | - Anna Balestrieri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno , 80055 Portici, Naples , Italy
| | - Gianluca Neglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production , Federico II University , 80137 Naples , Italy
| | - Alessandra Monaco
- Department of Precision Medicine , University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli" , L. De Crecchio 7 , 80138 Naples , Italy
| | - Marco Tatullo
- Tecnologica Research Institute , Biomedical Section , 88900 Crotone , Italy
| | - Rosario Casale
- Department of Precision Medicine , University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli" , L. De Crecchio 7 , 80138 Naples , Italy
| | - Antonio Limone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno , 80055 Portici, Naples , Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Balestrieri
- Department of Precision Medicine , University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli" , L. De Crecchio 7 , 80138 Naples , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campanile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production , Federico II University , 80137 Naples , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pochini L, Galluccio M, Scalise M, Console L, Indiveri C. OCTN: A Small Transporter Subfamily with Great Relevance to Human Pathophysiology, Drug Discovery, and Diagnostics. SLAS DISCOVERY 2018; 24:89-110. [PMID: 30523710 DOI: 10.1177/2472555218812821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OCTN is a small subfamily of membrane transport proteins that belongs to the larger SLC22 family. Two of the three members of the subfamily, namely, OCTN2 and OCTN1, are present in humans. OCTN2 plays a crucial role in the absorption of carnitine from diet and in its distribution to tissues, as demonstrated by the occurrence of severe pathologies caused by malfunctioning or altered expression of this transporter. These findings suggest avoiding a strict vegetarian diet during pregnancy and in childhood. Other roles of OCTN2 are related to the traffic of carnitine derivatives in many tissues. The role of OCTN1 is still unclear, despite the identification of some substrates such as ergothioneine, acetylcholine, and choline. Plausibly, the transporter acts on the control of inflammation and oxidative stress, even though knockout mice do not display phenotypes. A clear role of both transporters has been revealed in drug interaction and delivery. The polyspecificity of the OCTNs is at the base of the interactions with drugs. Interestingly, OCTN2 has been recently exploited in the prodrug approach and in diagnostics. A promising application derives from the localization of OCTN2 in exosomes that represent a noninvasive diagnostic tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Pochini
- 1 Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Michele Galluccio
- 1 Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Mariafrancesca Scalise
- 1 Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Lara Console
- 1 Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Cesare Indiveri
- 1 Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.,2 CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnology, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ringseis R, Keller J, Eder K. Basic mechanisms of the regulation of L-carnitine status in monogastrics and efficacy of L-carnitine as a feed additive in pigs and poultry. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 102:1686-1719. [PMID: 29992642 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A great number of studies have investigated the potential of L-carnitine as feed additive to improve performance of different monogastric and ruminant livestock species, with, however, discrepant outcomes. In order to understand the reasons for these discrepant outcomes, it is important to consider the determinants of L-carnitine status and how L-carnitine status is regulated in the animal's body. While it is a long-known fact that L-carnitine is endogenously biosynthesized in certain tissues, it was only recently recognized that critical determinants of L-carnitine status, such as intestinal L-carnitine absorption, tissue L-carnitine uptake, endogenous L-carnitine synthesis and renal L-carnitine reabsorption, are regulated by specific nutrient sensing nuclear receptors. This review aims to give a more in-depth understanding of the basic mechanisms of the regulation of L-carnitine status in monogastrics taking into account the most recent evidence on nutrient sensing nuclear receptors and evaluates the efficacy of L-carnitine as feed additive in monogastric livestock by providing an up-to-date overview about studies with L-carnitine supplementation in pigs and poultry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ringseis
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Janine Keller
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Klaus Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Milk Metabolomics Data Reveal the Energy Balance of Individual Dairy Cows in Early Lactation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15828. [PMID: 30361492 PMCID: PMC6202381 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34190-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In early lactation, dairy cows typically have a negative energy balance which has been related to metabolic disorders, compromised health and fertility, and reduced productive lifespan. Assessment of the energy balance, however, is not easy on the farm. Our aims were to investigate the milk metabolic profiles of dairy cows in early lactation, and to obtain models to estimate energy balance from milk metabolomics data and milk production traits. Milk samples were collected in week 2 and 7 after calving from 31 dairy cows. For each cow, the energy balance was calculated from energy intake, milk production traits and body weight. A total of 52 milk metabolites were detected using LC-QQQ-MS. Data from different lactation weeks was analysed by partial least squares analysis, the top 15 most relevant variables from the metabolomics data related to energy balance were used to develop reduced linear models to estimate energy balance by forward selection regression. Milk fat yield, glycine, choline and carnitine were important variables to estimate energy balance (adjusted R2: 0.53 to 0.87, depending on the model). The relationship of these milk metabolites with energy balance is proposed to be related to their roles in cell renewal.
Collapse
|
33
|
Villar-Briones A, Aird SD. Organic and Peptidyl Constituents of Snake Venoms: The Picture Is Vastly More Complex Than We Imagined. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E392. [PMID: 30261630 PMCID: PMC6215107 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10100392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Small metabolites and peptides in 17 snake venoms (Elapidae, Viperinae, and Crotalinae), were quantified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Each venom contains >900 metabolites and peptides. Many small organic compounds are present at levels that are probably significant in prey envenomation, given that their known pharmacologies are consistent with snake envenomation strategies. Metabolites included purine nucleosides and their bases, neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, guanidino compounds, carboxylic acids, amines, mono- and disaccharides, and amino acids. Peptides of 2⁻15 amino acids are also present in significant quantities, particularly in crotaline and viperine venoms. Some constituents are specific to individual taxa, while others are broadly distributed. Some of the latter appear to support high anabolic activity in the gland, rather than having toxic functions. Overall, the most abundant organic metabolite was citric acid, owing to its predominance in viperine and crotaline venoms, where it chelates divalent cations to prevent venom degradation by venom metalloproteases and damage to glandular tissue by phospholipases. However, in terms of their concentrations in individual venoms, adenosine, adenine, were most abundant, owing to their high titers in Dendroaspis polylepis venom, although hypoxanthine, guanosine, inosine, and guanine all numbered among the 50 most abundant organic constituents. A purine not previously reported in venoms, ethyl adenosine carboxylate, was discovered in D. polylepis venom, where it probably contributes to the profound hypotension caused by this venom. Acetylcholine was present in significant quantities only in this highly excitotoxic venom, while 4-guanidinobutyric acid and 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoic acid were present in all venoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Villar-Briones
- Division of Research Support, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
| | - Steven D Aird
- Division of Faculty Affairs and Ecology and Evolution Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Jacques F, Rippa S, Perrin Y. Physiology of L-carnitine in plants in light of the knowledge in animals and microorganisms. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 274:432-440. [PMID: 30080631 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
L-carnitine is present in all living kingdoms where it acts in diverse physiological processes. It is involved in lipid metabolism in animals and yeasts, notably as an essential cofactor of fatty acid intracellular trafficking. Its physiological significance is poorly understood in plants, but L-carnitine may be linked to fatty acid metabolism among other roles. Indeed, carnitine transferases activities and acylcarnitines are measured in plant tissues. Current knowledge of fatty acid trafficking in plants rules out acylcarnitines as intermediates of the peroxisomal and mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism, unlike in animals and yeasts. Instead, acylcarnitines could be involved in plastidial exportation of de novo fatty acid, or importation of fatty acids into the ER, for synthesis of specific glycerolipids. L-carnitine also contributes to cellular maintenance though antioxidant and osmolyte properties in animals and microbes. Recent data indicate similar features in plants, together with modulation of signaling pathways. The biosynthesis of L-carnitine in the plant cell shares similar precursors as in the animal and yeast cells. The elucidation of the biosynthesis pathway of L-carnitine, and the identification of the enzymes involved, is today essential to progress further in the comprehension of its biological significance in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Jacques
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, UMR CNRS 7025 Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS, 60319, 60203, Compiègne Cedex, France.
| | - Sonia Rippa
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, UMR CNRS 7025 Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS, 60319, 60203, Compiègne Cedex, France.
| | - Yolande Perrin
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, UMR CNRS 7025 Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS, 60319, 60203, Compiègne Cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Servillo L, D'Onofrio N, Neglia G, Casale R, Cautela D, Marrelli M, Limone A, Campanile G, Balestrieri ML. Carnitine Precursors and Short-Chain Acylcarnitines in Water Buffalo Milk. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:8142-8149. [PMID: 30011990 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ruminants' milk contains δ-valerobetaine originating from rumen through the transformation of dietary Nε-trimethyllysine. Among ruminant's milk, the occurrence of δ-valerobetaine, along with carnitine precursors and metabolites, has not been investigated in buffalo milk, the second most worldwide consumed milk, well-known for its nutritional value. HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analyses of bulk milk revealed that the Italian Mediterranean buffalo milk contains δ-valerobetaine at levels higher than those in bovine milk. Importantly, we detected also γ-butyrobetaine, the l-carnitine precursor, never described so far in any milk. Of interest, buffalo milk shows higher levels of acetylcarnitine, propionylcarnitine, butyrylcarnitine, isobutyrylcarnitine, and 3-methylbutyrylcarnitine (isovalerylcarnitine) than cow milk. Moreover, buffalo milk shows isobutyrylcarnitine and butyrylcarnitine at a 1-to-1 molar ratio, while in cow's milk this ratio is 5 to 1. Results indicate a peculiar short-chain acylcarnitine profile characterizing buffalo milk, widening the current knowledge about its composition and nutritional value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Servillo
- Department of Precision Medicine , University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli" , 80138 Naples , Italy
| | - Nunzia D'Onofrio
- Department of Precision Medicine , University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli" , 80138 Naples , Italy
| | - Gianluca Neglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production , Federico II University , 80137 Naples , Italy
| | - Rosario Casale
- Department of Precision Medicine , University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli" , 80138 Naples , Italy
| | - Domenico Cautela
- Stazione Sperimentale per le Industrie delle Essenze e dei derivati dagli Agrumi , Azienda Speciale della Camera di Commercio di Reggio Calabria , 89125 Reggio Calabria , Italy
| | - Massimo Marrelli
- Maxillofacial Surgery Section , Marrelli Health , 88900 Crotone , Italy
| | - Antonio Limone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno , 80055 Naples , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campanile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production , Federico II University , 80137 Naples , Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Balestrieri
- Department of Precision Medicine , University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli" , 80138 Naples , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ringseis R, Keller J, Eder K. Regulation of carnitine status in ruminants and efficacy of carnitine supplementation on performance and health aspects of ruminant livestock: a review. Arch Anim Nutr 2018; 72:1-30. [PMID: 29313385 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2017.1421340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Carnitine has long been known to play a critical role for energy metabolism. Due to this, a large number of studies have been carried out to investigate the potential of supplemental carnitine in improving performance of livestock animals including ruminants, with however largely inconsistent results. An important issue that has to be considered when using carnitine as a feed additive is that the efficacy of supplemental carnitine is probably dependent on the animal's carnitine status, which is affected by endogenous carnitine synthesis, carnitine uptake from the gastrointestinal tract and carnitine excretion. The present review aims to summarise the current knowledge of the regulation of carnitine status and carnitine homeostasis in ruminants, and comprehensively evaluate the efficacy of carnitine supplementation on performance and/or health in ruminant livestock by comparing the outcomes of studies with carnitine supplementation in dairy cattle, growing and finishing cattle and sheep. While most of the studies show that supplemental carnitine, even in ruminally unprotected form, is bioavailable in ruminants, its effect on either milk or growth performance is largely disappointing. However, supplemental carnitine appears to be a useful strategy to offer protection against ammonia toxicity caused by consumption of high levels of non-protein N or forages with high levels of soluble N both, in cattle and sheep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ringseis
- a Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology , Justus-Liebig-University Gießen , Gießen , Germany
| | - Janine Keller
- a Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology , Justus-Liebig-University Gießen , Gießen , Germany
| | - Klaus Eder
- a Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology , Justus-Liebig-University Gießen , Gießen , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Servillo L, D'Onofrio N, Giovane A, Casale R, Cautela D, Castaldo D, Iannaccone F, Neglia G, Campanile G, Balestrieri ML. Ruminant meat and milk contain δ-valerobetaine, another precursor of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) like γ-butyrobetaine. Food Chem 2018; 260:193-199. [PMID: 29699662 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.03.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Quaternary ammonium compounds containing N-trimethylamino moiety, such as choline derivatives and carnitine, abundant in meat and dairy products, are metabolic precursors of trimethylamine (TMA). A similar fate is reported for Nε-trimethyllysine and γ-butyrobetaine. With the aim at investigating the metabolic profile of such metabolites in most employed animal dietary sources, HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analyses on ruminant and non-ruminant milk and meat were performed. Results demonstrate, for the first time, the presence of δ-valerobetaine, occurring at levels higher than γ-butyrobetaine in all ruminant samples compared to non-ruminants. Demonstration of δ-valerobetaine metabolic origin, surprisingly, showed that it originates from rumen through the transformation of dietary Nε-trimethyllysine. These results highlight our previous findings showing the ubiquity of free Nε-trimethyllysine in vegetable kingdom. Furthermore, δ-valerobetaine, similarly to γ-butyrobetaine, can be degraded by host gut microbiota producing TMA, precursor of the proatherogenic trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), unveiling its possible role in the biosynthetic route of TMAO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Servillo
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Nunzia D'Onofrio
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alfonso Giovane
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Rosario Casale
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Domenico Cautela
- Stazione Sperimentale per le Industrie delle Essenze e dei derivati dagli Agrumi, Azienda Speciale della Camera di Commercio di Reggio Calabria, Via Generale Tommasini 2, 89127 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Domenico Castaldo
- Stazione Sperimentale per le Industrie delle Essenze e dei derivati dagli Agrumi, Azienda Speciale della Camera di Commercio di Reggio Calabria, Via Generale Tommasini 2, 89127 Reggio Calabria, Italy; Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico, Via Molise 2, Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e ProdALscarl, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo 1, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesco Iannaccone
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy
| | - Gianluca Neglia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campanile
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Balestrieri
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Li XS, Wang Z, Cajka T, Buffa JA, Nemet I, Hurd AG, Gu X, Skye SM, Roberts AB, Wu Y, Li L, Shahen CJ, Wagner MA, Hartiala JA, Kerby RL, Romano KA, Han Y, Obeid S, Lüscher TF, Allayee H, Rey FE, DiDonato JA, Fiehn O, Tang WHW, Hazen SL. Untargeted metabolomics identifies trimethyllysine, a TMAO-producing nutrient precursor, as a predictor of incident cardiovascular disease risk. JCI Insight 2018; 3:99096. [PMID: 29563342 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.99096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Using an untargeted metabolomics approach in initial (N = 99 subjects) and replication cohorts (N = 1,162), we discovered and structurally identified a plasma metabolite associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks, N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine (trimethyllysine, TML). Stable-isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry analyses of an independent validation cohort (N = 2,140) confirmed TML levels are independently associated with incident (3-year) major adverse cardiovascular event risks (hazards ratio [HR], 2.4; 95% CI, 1.7-3.4) and incident (5-year) mortality risk (HR, 2.9; 95% CI, 2.0-4.2). Genome-wide association studies identified several suggestive loci for TML levels, but none reached genome-wide significance; and d9(trimethyl)-TML isotope tracer studies confirmed TML can serve as a nutrient precursor for gut microbiota-dependent generation of trimethylamine (TMA) and the atherogenic metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). Although TML was shown to be abundant in both plant- and animal-derived foods, mouse and human fecal cultures (omnivores and vegans) showed slow conversion of TML to TMA. Furthermore, unlike chronic dietary choline, TML supplementation in mice failed to elevate plasma TMAO or heighten thrombosis potential in vivo. Thus, TML is identified as a strong predictor of incident CVD risks in subjects and to serve as a dietary precursor for gut microbiota-dependent generation of TMAO; however, TML does not appear to be a major microbial source for TMAO generation in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinmin S Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Zeneng Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Tomas Cajka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Jennifer A Buffa
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ina Nemet
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Alex G Hurd
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiaodong Gu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sarah M Skye
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Adam B Roberts
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Yuping Wu
- Department of Mathematics, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Christopher J Shahen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew A Wagner
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jaana A Hartiala
- Departments of Preventive Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Robert L Kerby
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kymberleigh A Romano
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Yi Han
- Departments of Preventive Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Slayman Obeid
- University Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas F Lüscher
- University Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.,Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals and Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hooman Allayee
- Departments of Preventive Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Federico E Rey
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Joseph A DiDonato
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - W H Wilson Tang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Stanley L Hazen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zandkarimi F, Vanegas J, Fern X, Maier CS, Bobe G. Metabotypes with elevated protein and lipid catabolism and inflammation precede clinical mastitis in prepartal transition dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:5531-5548. [PMID: 29573799 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Clinical mastitis (CM), the most prevalent and costly disease in dairy cows, is diagnosed most commonly shortly after calving. Current indicators do not satisfactorily predict CM. This study aimed to develop a robust and comprehensive mass spectrometry-based metabolomic and lipidomic workflow using untargeted ultra-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry for predictive biomarker detection. Using a nested case-control design, we measured weekly during the prepartal transition period differences in serum metabolites, lipids, inflammation markers, and minerals between clinically healthy Holstein dairy cows diagnosed with mastitis postcalving (CMP; n = 8; CM diagnosis d 1 = 3 cows, d 2 = 2 cows, d 4 = 1 cow; d 25 = 1 cow, and d 43 = 1 cow that had subclinical mastitis since d 3) or not (control; n = 9). The largest fold differences between CMP and control cows during the prepartal transition period were observed for 3'-sialyllactose in serum. Seven metabolites (N-methylethanolamine phosphate, choline, phosphorylcholine, free carnitine, trimethyl lysine, tyrosine, and proline) and 3 metabolite groups (carnitines, AA metabolites, and water-soluble phospholipid metabolites) could correctly classify cows for their future CM status at both 21 and 14 d before calving. Biochemical analysis using lipid and metabolite-specific commercial diagnostic kits supported our mass spectrometry-based omics results and additionally showed elevated inflammatory markers (serum amyloid A and visfatin) in CMP cows. In conclusion, metabolic phenotypes (i.e., metabotype) with elevated protein and lipid metabolism and inflammation may precede CM in prepartal transition dairy cows. The discovered serum metabolites and lipids may assist in predictive diagnostics, prevention strategies, and early treatment intervention against CM, and thereby improve cow health and welfare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Zandkarimi
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
| | - J Vanegas
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
| | - X Fern
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
| | - C S Maier
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331; Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
| | - G Bobe
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331; Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Al Temimi AHK, Pieters BJGE, Reddy YV, White PB, Mecinović J. Substrate scope for trimethyllysine hydroxylase catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:12849-12852. [PMID: 27730239 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc07845a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Trimethyllysine hydroxylase (TMLH) is a non-haem Fe(ii) and 2-oxoglutarate dependent oxygenase that catalyses the C-3 hydroxylation of an unactivated C-H bond in l-trimethyllysine in the first step of carnitine biosynthesis. The examination of trimethyllysine analogues as substrates for human TMLH reveals that the enzyme does hydroxylate substrates other than natural l-trimethyllysine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abbas H K Al Temimi
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Bas J G E Pieters
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Y Vijayendar Reddy
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Paul B White
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jasmin Mecinović
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Servillo L, D'Onofrio N, Giovane A, Casale R, Cautela D, Ferrari G, Castaldo D, Balestrieri ML. The betaine profile of cereal flours unveils new and uncommon betaines. Food Chem 2018; 239:234-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.06.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
42
|
Veyrat-Durebex C, Bocca C, Chupin S, Kouassi Nzoughet J, Simard G, Lenaers G, Reynier P, Blasco H. Metabolomics and Lipidomics Profiling of a Combined Mitochondrial Plus Endoplasmic Reticulum Fraction of Human Fibroblasts: A Robust Tool for Clinical Studies. J Proteome Res 2017; 17:745-750. [PMID: 29111762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are physically and functionally connected. This close interaction, via mitochondria-associated membranes, is increasingly explored and supports the importance of studying these two organelles as a whole. Metabolomics and lipidomics are powerful approaches for the exploration of metabolic pathways that may be useful to provide deeper information on these organelles' functions, dysfunctions, and interactions. We developed a quick and simple experimental procedure for the purification of a mitochondria-ER fraction from human fibroblasts. We applied combined metabolomics and lipidomics analyses by mass spectrometry with excellent reproducibility. Seventy-two metabolites and 418 complex lipids were detected with a mean coefficient of variation around 12%, among which many were specific to the mitochondrial metabolism. Thus this strategy based on robust mitochondria-ER extraction and "omics" combination will be useful for investigating the pathophysiology of complex diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Veyrat-Durebex
- Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire , 49933 Angers, France.,Equipe Mitolab, Institut MITOVASC, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM 1083, Université d'Angers , 49933 Angers, France
| | - Cinzia Bocca
- Equipe Mitolab, Institut MITOVASC, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM 1083, Université d'Angers , 49933 Angers, France
| | - Stéphanie Chupin
- Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire , 49933 Angers, France
| | - Judith Kouassi Nzoughet
- Equipe Mitolab, Institut MITOVASC, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM 1083, Université d'Angers , 49933 Angers, France
| | - Gilles Simard
- Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire , 49933 Angers, France
| | - Guy Lenaers
- Equipe Mitolab, Institut MITOVASC, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM 1083, Université d'Angers , 49933 Angers, France
| | - Pascal Reynier
- Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire , 49933 Angers, France.,Equipe Mitolab, Institut MITOVASC, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM 1083, Université d'Angers , 49933 Angers, France
| | - Hélène Blasco
- Equipe Mitolab, Institut MITOVASC, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM 1083, Université d'Angers , 49933 Angers, France.,Université François-Rabelais , INSERM U930, 37000 Tours, France.,Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHRU de Tours , 37044 Tours, France
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Bernier M, Catazaro J, Singh NS, Wnorowski A, Boguszewska-Czubara A, Jozwiak K, Powers R, Wainer IW. GPR55 receptor antagonist decreases glycolytic activity in PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cell line and tumor xenografts. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:2131-2142. [PMID: 28741686 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The Warburg effect is a predominant metabolic pathway in cancer cells characterized by enhanced glucose uptake and its conversion to l-lactate and is associated with upregulated expression of HIF-1α and activation of the EGFR-MEK-ERK, Wnt-β-catenin, and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways. (R,R')-4'-methoxy-1-naphthylfenoterol ((R,R')-MNF) significantly reduces proliferation, survival, and motility of PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells through inhibition of the GPR55 receptor. We examined (R,R')-MNF's effect on glycolysis in PANC-1 cells and tumors. Global NMR metabolomics was used to elucidate differences in the metabolome between untreated and (R,R')-MNF-treated cells. LC/MS analysis was used to quantify intracellular concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate, carnitine, and l-lactate. Changes in target protein expression were determined by Western blot analysis. Data was also obtained from mouse PANC-1 tumor xenografts after administration of (R,R')-MNF. Metabolomics data indicate that (R,R')-MNF altered fatty acid metabolism, energy metabolism, and amino acid metabolism and increased intracellular concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate and carnitine while reducing l-lactate content. The cellular content of phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 and hexokinase 2 was reduced consistent with diminished PI3K-AKT signaling and glucose metabolism. The presence of the GLUT8 transporter was established and found to be attenuated by (R,R')-MNF. Mice treated with (R,R')-MNF had significant accumulation of l-lactate in tumor tissue relative to vehicle-treated mice, together with reduced levels of the selective l-lactate transporter MCT4. Lower intratumoral levels of EGFR, pyruvate kinase M2, β-catenin, hexokinase 2, and p-glycoprotein were also observed. The data suggest that (R,R')-MNF reduces glycolysis in PANC-1 cells and tumors through reduced expression and function at multiple controlling sites in the glycolytic pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Bernier
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224
| | - Jonathan Catazaro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0304
| | - Nagendra S Singh
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224
| | - Artur Wnorowski
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, 20-093, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof Jozwiak
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, 20-093, Poland
| | - Robert Powers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0304
| | - Irving W Wainer
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224.,Mitchell Woods Pharmaceuticals, Shelton, CT, 06484
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Vijayendar Reddy Y, Al Temimi AHK, Mecinović J. Fluorinated trimethyllysine as a 19F NMR probe for trimethyllysine hydroxylase catalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:1350-1354. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02683d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human trimethyllysine hydroxylase (TMLH)-catalysed C-3 hydroxylation of Nε-(fluoromethyl)dimethyllysine can be monitored by 19F NMR spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Vijayendar Reddy
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- Radboud University
- 6525 AJ Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
| | - Abbas H. K. Al Temimi
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- Radboud University
- 6525 AJ Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
| | - Jasmin Mecinović
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- Radboud University
- 6525 AJ Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Leśniak RK, Markolovic S, Tars K, Schofield CJ. Human carnitine biosynthesis proceeds via (2S,3S)-3-hydroxy-N ε-trimethyllysine. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 53:440-442. [PMID: 27965989 PMCID: PMC5644716 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08381a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The stereochemistry of human trimethyllysine hydroxylase was determined to be (2S,3S)-3-hydroxy-Nε-trimethyllysine by comparison to asymmetrically synthesised (2S,3R)-3-hydroxy-Nε-trimethyllysine.
Nε-Trimethyllysine hydroxylase (TMLH) catalyses the first step in mammalian biosynthesis of carnitine, which plays a crucial role in fatty acid metabolism. The stereochemistry of the 3-hydroxy-Nε-trimethyllysine product of TMLH has not been defined. We report enzymatic and asymmetric synthetic studies, which define the product of TMLH catalysis as (2S,3S)-3-hydroxy-Nε-trimethyllysine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert K Leśniak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Suzana Markolovic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Kaspars Tars
- Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1, LV1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Christopher J Schofield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Homostachydrine (pipecolic acid betaine) as authentication marker of roasted blends of Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora (Robusta) beans. Food Chem 2016; 205:52-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.02.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
47
|
Betaines and related ammonium compounds in chestnut ( Castanea sativa Mill.). Food Chem 2016; 196:1301-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
48
|
Kuehnbaum NL, Gillen JB, Kormendi A, Lam KP, DiBattista A, Gibala MJ, Britz-McKibbin P. Multiplexed separations for biomarker discovery in metabolomics: Elucidating adaptive responses to exercise training. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:2226-2236. [PMID: 25630301 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
High efficiency separations are needed to enhance selectivity, mass spectral quality, and quantitative performance in metabolomic studies. However, low sample throughput and complicated data preprocessing remain major bottlenecks to biomarker discovery. We introduce an accelerated data workflow to identify plasma metabolite signatures of exercise responsiveness when using multisegment injection-capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (MSI-CE-MS). This multiplexed separation platform takes advantage of customizable serial injections to enhance sample throughput and data fidelity based on temporally resolved ion signals derived from seven different sample segments analyzed within a single run. MSI-CE-MS was applied to explore the adaptive metabolic responses of a cohort of overweight/obese women (BMI > 25, n = 9) performing a 6-wk high-intensity interval training intervention using a repeated measures/cross-over study design. Venous blood samples were collected from each subject at three time intervals (baseline, postexercise, recovery) in their naïve and trained states while completing standardized cycling trials at the same absolute workload. Complementary statistical methods were used to classify dynamic changes in plasma metabolism associated with strenuous exercise and training status. Positive adaptations to exercise were associated with training-induced upregulation in plasma l-carnitine at rest due to improved muscle oxidative capacity, and greater antioxidant capacity as reflected by lower circulating glutathionyl-l-cysteine mixed disulfide. Attenuation in plasma hypoxanthine and higher O-acetyl-l-carnitine levels postexercise also indicated lower energetic stress for trained women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi L Kuehnbaum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Jenna B Gillen
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Aleshia Kormendi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Karen P Lam
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Alicia DiBattista
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Martin J Gibala
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Franken J, Burger A, Swiegers JH, Bauer FF. Reconstruction of the carnitine biosynthesis pathway from Neurospora crassa in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:6377-89. [PMID: 25851717 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6561-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Industrial synthesis of L-carnitine is currently performed by whole-cell biotransformation of industrial waste products, mostly D-carnitine and cronobetaine, through specific bacterial species. No comparable system has been established using eukaryotic microorganisms, even though there is a significant and growing international demand for either the pure compound or carnitine-enriched consumables. In eukaryotes, including the fungus Neurospora crassa, L-carnitine is biosynthesized through a four-step metabolic conversion of trimethyllysine to L-carnitine. In contrast, the industrial yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae lacks the enzymes of the eukaryotic biosynthesis pathway and is unable to synthesize carnitine. This study describes the cloning of all four of the N. crassa carnitine biosynthesis genes and the reconstruction of the entire pathway in S. cerevisiae. The engineered yeast strains were able to catalyze the synthesis of L-carnitine, which was quantified using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HILIC-ESI-MS) analyses, from trimethyllysine. Furthermore, the yeast threonine aldolase Gly1p was shown to effectively catalyze the second step of the pathway, fulfilling the role of a serine hydroxymethyltransferase. The analyses also identified yeast enzymes that interact with the introduced pathway, including Can1p, which was identified as the yeast transporter for trimethyllysine, and the two yeast serine hydroxymethyltransferases, Shm1p and Shm2p. Together, this study opens the possibility of using an engineered, carnitine-producing yeast in various industrial applications while providing insight into possible future strategies aimed at tailoring the production capacity of such strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaco Franken
- Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|