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Ojo OA, Oladepo FS, Ogunlakin AD, Ayokunle DI, Odugbemi AI, Babatunde DE, Ojo AB, Ajayi-Odoko OA, Ajiboye BO, Dahunsi SO. Spilanthes filicaulis (Schumach. & Thonn.) C. D Adam leaf extract prevents assault of streptozotocin on liver cells via inhibition of oxidative stress and activation of the NrF2/Keap1, PPARγ, and PTP1B signaling pathways. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0306039. [PMID: 38924022 PMCID: PMC11207034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spilanthes filicaulis (Schumach. & Thonn.) C. D Adam is a shrubby plant of the Asteraceae family that has medicinal benefits for the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of Spilanthes filicaulis leaf extract in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rat model and the associated signaling pathways. METHODS A sample of 25 male Wistar rats was randomly assigned to groups I, II, III, IV, and V. Each group included five animals, i.e., control rats, diabetic control rats, diabetic rats treated with metformin, and diabetic rats treated with 150 mg/kg/bw and 300 mg/kg/bw of the methanolic extract of S. filicaulis leaves (MESFL). Treatment was administered for 15 successive days via oral gavage. After 15 days, the rats were evaluated for fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), lipid peroxidation (MDA), hexokinase, and glucose-6-phosphatase activities. Gene expression levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and the antiapoptotic protein caspase-3 were examined. RESULTS MESFL was administered to diabetic rats, and changes in body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and HbA1c were restored. Furthermore, in diabetic rats, S. filicaulis significantly reduced the levels of triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and significantly increased HDL. S. filicaulis improved ALT, AST, and ALP enzyme activity in diabetic rats. MDA levels decreased considerably with increasing activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as GST, SOD, CAT and GSH, in diabetic liver rats treated with S. filicaulis. Diabetic rats treated with MESFL and metformin exhibited upregulated mRNA expression levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ). Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) mRNA expression in the liver was downregulated in diabetic rats treated with MESFL and metformin. In addition, MESFL downregulated the mRNA expression of caspase-3 in diabetic rats. CONCLUSION It can be concluded from the data presented in this study that MESFL exerts a protective effect on diabetic rats due to its antidiabetic, antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic and antiapoptotic effects and may be considered a treatment for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo
- Phytomedicine, Molecular Toxicology and Computational Biochemistry Research Laboratory (PMTCB-RL), Biochemistry Programme, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
| | - Fiyinfoluwa Stephen Oladepo
- Phytomedicine, Molecular Toxicology and Computational Biochemistry Research Laboratory (PMTCB-RL), Biochemistry Programme, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
| | - Akingbolabo Daniel Ogunlakin
- Phytomedicine, Molecular Toxicology and Computational Biochemistry Research Laboratory (PMTCB-RL), Biochemistry Programme, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
| | | | - Adeshina Isaiah Odugbemi
- Phytomedicine, Molecular Toxicology and Computational Biochemistry Research Laboratory (PMTCB-RL), Biochemistry Programme, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
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Wen SY, Ng SC, Ho WK, Huang HZ, Huang CY, Kuo WW. Activation of PI3K/Akt mediates the protective effect of diallyl trisulfide on doxorubicin induced cardiac apoptosis. Curr Res Toxicol 2023; 5:100136. [PMID: 38033660 PMCID: PMC10684805 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2023.100136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diallyl trisulfide (DATS), an organosulfide compound derived from garlic, is renowned for its potent antioxidant properties, particularly in countering the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It has also gained recognition as a potential agent for preventing heart-related conditions. Doxorubicin (Dox), a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug, is known to induce severe cardiac complications by promoting ROS production. Therefore, it was imperative to investigate whether DATS possesses cardioprotective capabilities against Dox-induced cardiac apoptosis and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we observed that the intracellular ROS levels and cardiac apoptosis were heightened in H9c2 cells exposed to Dox (1 μM). However, treatment with 10 μM DATS effectively mitigated the Dox-induced ROS generation and apoptotic signaling, concurrently activating the PI3K/Akt pathway. Notably, the anti-apoptotic effects of DATS were attenuated when PI3K siRNA and the LY294002 PI3K inhibitor were employed. Furthermore, the TUNEL assay results demonstrated a significant reduction in Dox-induced apoptosis with DATS treatment. In summary, our findings indicate that DATS can activate the PI3K/Akt pathway, reducing ROS production in cardiac cells exposed to Dox, and subsequently rescue cardiac cells from apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ying Wen
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei City Hospital, Renai Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Cosmetic Applications and Management, Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Health Care Management, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Chuan Ng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Biotechnology Industry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Kun Ho
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Biotechnology Industry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Han-Zhe Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Biotechnology Industry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Biotechnology Industry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Islam MR, Dhar PS, Akash S, Syed SH, Gupta JK, Gandla K, Akter M, Rauf A, Hemeg HA, Anwar Y, Aljohny BO, Wilairatana P. Bioactive molecules from terrestrial and seafood resources in hypertension treatment: focus on molecular mechanisms and targeted therapies. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2023; 13:45. [PMID: 37902881 PMCID: PMC10616036 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-023-00411-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN), a complex cardiovascular disease (CVD), significantly impacts global health, prompting a growing interest in complementary and alternative therapeutic approaches. This review article seeks to provide an up-to-date and thorough summary of modern therapeutic techniques for treating HTN, with an emphasis on the molecular mechanisms of action found in substances found in plants, herbs, and seafood. Bioactive molecules have been a significant source of novel therapeutics and are crucial in developing and testing new HTN remedies. Recent advances in science have made it possible to understand the complex molecular mechanisms underlying blood pressure (BP)-regulating effects of these natural substances better. Polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and peptides are examples of bioactive compounds that have demonstrated promise in influencing several pathways involved in regulating vascular tone, reducing oxidative stress (OS), reducing inflammation, and improving endothelial function. The article explains the vasodilatory, diuretic, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) modifying properties of vital plants such as garlic and olive leaf. Phytochemicals from plants are the primary in traditional drug development as models for novel antihypertensive drugs, providing diverse strategies to combat HTN due to their biological actions. The review also discusses the functions of calcium channel blockers originating from natural sources, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and nitric oxide (NO) donors. Including seafood components in this study demonstrates the increased interest in using bioactive chemicals originating from marine sources to treat HTN. Omega-3 fatty acids, peptides, and minerals obtained from seafood sources have anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory, and antioxidant properties that improve vascular health and control BP. Overall, we discussed the multiple functions of bioactive molecules and seafood components in the treatment of HTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Puja Sutro Dhar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Shopnil Akash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Sabeena Hussain Syed
- School of Pharmacy, Vishwakarma University, Survey No 2, 3,4, Kondhwa Main Rd, Laxmi Nagar, Betal Nagar, Kondhwa, Pune, Maharashtra, 411048, India
| | | | - Kumaraswamy Gandla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Chaitanya (Deemed to Be University), Himayath Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500075, India
| | - Muniya Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 23561, Pakistan.
| | - Hassan A Hemeg
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Medinah Al-Monawara, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasir Anwar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21441, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassam Oudh Aljohny
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21441, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
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Zhu J, Wang H, Yan C, Li B, Chen B. Ultrasound-targeted semaglutide-loaded PEG-nanoliposomes microbubble destruction protects diabetic cardiomyopathy by activating PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19873. [PMID: 37809373 PMCID: PMC10559235 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the ameliorative effect of Semaglutide-loaded PEG-nanoliposomes (Sem-PEG-lips) combined with ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) in rodents and its potential mechanisms. Methods Sem-PEG-lips were prepared by the reverse phase evaporation method. Fifty STZ-induced diabetic rats were randomly divided into DCM model group, Sem or Sem-PEG-lips alone treatment group, UTMD + Sem group and UTMD + Sem-PEG-lips group (n = 10), respectively, and used the healthy rats as normal control. During the 12-week intervention, the weight and blood glucose levels of all rats were recorded. Myocardial injury and fibrosis were observed by using H&E and Masson staining. The activity of antioxidant enzymes and the expression levels of oxidative stress-related signaling pathway markers in myocardial tissues were measured by ELISA and western blotting method, respectively. Results Compared with DCM rats, the body weight and blood glucose levels of those in the UTMD + Sem-PEG-lips group were significantly increased and decreased, respectively (both p < 0.05). The results of H&E and Masson staining showed that myocardial fibrosis and apoptosis were both significantly improved in combination group (both p < 0.001). Further results of ELISA and Western blot analysis showed that the activity of antioxidant enzymes in ones received combination therapy were significantly higher than that in DCM model group (all p < 0.001), and the expression of PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway related proteins were significantly up-regulated (all p < 0.001), and all these changes were reversed by the treatment of PI3K inhibitor. results. Conclusion UTMD combined Sem-PEG-lips can reduce the oxidative stress of myocardial tissue in DCM rats by activating PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway, thereby improving diabetic myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, Ningbo Zhenhai People's Hospital, Ningbo 315202, Zhejiang province, PR China
| | - Huiyang Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang province, PR China
| | - Chunyang Yan
- Department of Ultrasound, Ningbo Zhenhai People's Hospital, Ningbo 315202, Zhejiang province, PR China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Ningbo Zhenhai People's Hospital, Ningbo 315202, Zhejiang province, PR China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Ningbo Zhenhai People's Hospital, Ningbo 315202, Zhejiang province, PR China
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Duan J, Zhao Y, Pei F, Deng W, He L, Rao C, Zhai Y, Zhang C. Swietenine inhibited oxidative stress through AKT/Nrf2/HO-1 signal pathways and the liver-protective effect in T2DM mice: In vivo and in vitro study. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:1292-1304. [PMID: 36880193 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Swietenia macrophylla King, belongs to the Meliaceae family, is a valuable medicinal plant and its fruits have been processed commercially to a variety of health foods. The seeds have long been known for their ethnomedicinal significance against these diseases. Swietenine (Swi) was isolated from S. macrophylla and could ameliorate inflammation and oxidative stress. In this study, HepG2 cells induced by H2 O2 were used to construct oxidative stress model in vitro. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of Swi on H2 O2 induced oxidative injury in HepG2 cells and its molecular mechanism, and to explore the effect of Swi on liver injury in db/db mice and its possible mechanism. The results showed that Swi significantly inhibited HepG2 cells viability and reduced oxidative damage in a dose-dependent manner as evidenced by a range of biochemical analysis and immunoblotting study. Moreover, it induced the protein and mRNA expression of HO-1 together with its upstream mediator Nrf2 and activated the phosphorylation of AKT in HepG2 cells. LY294002, a PI3K/AKT inhibitor, significantly suppressed the Nrf2 nuclear translocation and HO-1 expression in H2 O2 induced HepG2 cells treated with Swi. In addition, RNA interference with Nrf2 significantly reduced the expression level of Nrf2 and HO-1 in the nucleus. Swi has a significant protective effect on cell damage in H2 O2 induced HepG2 cells by increasing the antioxidant capacity which is achieved through the AKT/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Additionally, in vivo, Swi could protect the liver of type 2 diabetic mice by improving lipid deposition in liver tissue and inhibiting oxidative stress. These findings indicated that Swi can be a promising dietary agent to improve type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangqi Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Feilong Pei
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhao Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangliang He
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengdian Rao
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutong Zhai
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunping Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
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Adebayo A, Ademosun A, Adedayo B, Oboh G. Antioxidant-rich Terminalia catappa fruit exerts antihypertensive effect via modulation of angiotensin-1-converting enzyme activity and H 2S/NO/cGMP signaling pathway in Wistar rats. Biomarkers 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37002876 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2023.2198680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study aimed at investigating the effect of Terminalia catappa fruits on blood pressure, NO/cGMP signalling pathway, angiotensin-1-converting enzyme and arginase activity, and oxidative stress biomarkers in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-two Wistar rats were divided into seven groups. Hypertension was induced via oral administration of 40 mg/kg of L-NAME for 21 days. Thereafter, the hypertensive rats were treated with Terminalia catappa fruit-supplemented diet and sildenafil citrate for 21 days. The blood pressure was measured and cardiac homogenate was prepared for biochemical analyses. RESULTS The results showed that L-NAME caused a significant (p < 0.05) increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate as well as ACE, arginase and PDE-5 activity, with a simultaneous decrease in NO and H2S levels as well as increased oxidative stress biomarkers. However, treatment with Terminalia catappa fruits-supplemented diets and sildenafil citrate lowered blood pressure and modulated ACE, arginase, and PDE-5 activity, improved NO and H2S levels, as well as antioxidant status. CONCLUSION Findings presented in this study provide useful information on the antihypertensive property of Terminalia catappa fruits, alongside some possible mechanisms. Hence, Terminalia catappa fruits could be considered a dietary regimen and functional food in alleviating hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeniyi Adebayo
- Functional Foods and Nutraceutical Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Chemical Sciences, Joseph Ayo Babalola University, P.M.B. 5006, Ikeji Arakeji, Nigeria
| | - Ayokunle Ademosun
- Functional Foods and Nutraceutical Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Bukola Adedayo
- Functional Foods and Nutraceutical Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Functional Foods and Nutraceutical Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria
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Evaluation of Expression of Cytochrome P450 Aromatase and Inflammatory, Oxidative, and Apoptotic Markers in Testicular Tissue of Obese Rats (Pre)Treated with Garlic Powder. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 2023:4858274. [PMID: 36644444 PMCID: PMC9833927 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4858274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Today, adolescent obesity is recognized as an epidemic and a cause of reproductive disorders. Decreased testosterone levels occur due to functional defects in the hypothalamus-pituitary axis, excessive activity of cytochrome P450 aromatase enzyme, and testicular dysfunction in these people. Oxidative damage, inflammation, and apoptosis are also the main mechanisms of testicular damage during obesity. The use of herbal products such as garlic can improve this disorder due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of pretreatment and treatment of garlic powder on the expression of cytochrome P450 aromatase enzyme and the expression of genes involved in testosterone synthesis, inflammation, oxidative damage, apoptosis in testicular tissue, and metabolic function of liver tissue in young male obese rats. Eighty male Wistar rats were divided into the controlled and treated groups. Serum levels of lipid, glucose, and insulin as metabolic factors were measured along with the testicular antioxidant and inflammation markers. The expression of Bcl2, Bax, and caspase-3 along with NF-κB, SREBP-1c, CPT-1beta, Nrf-2, CD36, FAS, CYP19A1, P450scc, StAR, 17βHSD, PPARα, and aromatase (CYP19, P450arom) was also measured. Testicular histological evaluation and spermatogenic process was also performed. The results showed that oxidative, inflammatory, and metabolic factors significantly increased in obese rats. The testicular expression of aromatase, NF-κB, Bax, and caspase 3 increased and Nrf2 expression decreased in obese rats, while (pre) treatment with garlic powder significantly decreased the expression of these genes in obese rats. These results were also confirmed by the findings of the histological evaluation and sperm analysis. It can be concluded that garlic powder could improve reproductive dysfunction in obese rats.
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Jiang Y, Yue R, Liu G, Liu J, Peng B, Yang M, Zhao L, Li Z. Garlic ( Allium sativum L.) in diabetes and its complications: Recent advances in mechanisms of action. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:5290-5340. [PMID: 36503329 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2153793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and impaired islet secretion that places a heavy burden on the global health care system due to its high incidence rate, long disease course and many complications. Fortunately, garlic (Allium sativum L.), a well-known medicinal plant and functional food without the toxicity and side effects of conventional drugs, has shown positive effects in the treatment of diabetes and its complications. With interdisciplinary development and in-depth exploration, we offer a clear and comprehensive summary of the research from the past ten years, focusing on the mechanisms and development processes of garlic in the treatment of diabetes and its complications, aiming to provide a new perspective for the treatment of diabetes and promote the efficient development of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayi Jiang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rensong Yue
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Guojie Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Liu
- People's Hospital of NanJiang, Bazhong, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Maoyi Yang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lianxue Zhao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zihan Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Yu L, Zhao R, Wang C, Zhang C, Chu C, Zhao J, Zhang H, Zhai Q, Chen W, Zhang H, Tian F. Effects of garlic supplementation on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Effect of High-Fructose Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome on the Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Male Rats. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123009. [PMID: 36551765 PMCID: PMC9776103 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma testosterone levels have been found to decrease in older insulin-resistant male patients. Both lower total testosterone levels and a higher incidence of metabolic syndrome have also been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of high-fructose diet-induced diabetes on both the testosterone release by Leydig cells and the activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis in male rats. Male rats were fed with either standard chow (control group) or a high-fructose diet (fructose-fed group) for 21 weeks. Hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hypertension were observed in the fructose-fed group. Moreover, plasma testosterone and LH levels decreased in the fructose-fed group compared to the control group. Sperm motility was also reduced by 15% in the fructose-fed rats. In contrast, the basal release of testosterone from rat Leydig cells was not altered by fructose feeding. Moreover, in vitro studies showed that the testosterone release, in response to different stimulants, including forskolin (an adenylyl cyclase activator, 10-5 M), 8-Br-cAMP (a permeable analog of cAMP, 10-5 M), A23187 (a calcium ionophore, 10-5 M), or 25-hydroxy-cholesterol (water-soluble cholesterol, 10-5 M), did not significantly differ between the fructose-fed and control groups. Interestingly, the release of testosterone in response to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG, 0.05 IU/mL) was enhanced by eightfold in the control group, but elevenfold in the fructose-fed group. LH receptor expression in rat Leydig cells was also increased. Moreover, LH secretion from the anterior pituitary was altered in the fructose diet-fed group. These results suggest that fructose diet-fed rats have lower plasma testosterone levels, which can lead to a higher sensitivity of hCG in Leydig cells.
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Deodorized Garlic Decreases Oxidative Stress Caused by Lipopolysaccharide in Rat Heart through Hydrogen Sulfide: Preliminary Findings. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012529. [PMID: 36293383 PMCID: PMC9604113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Deodorized garlic (DG) may favor the activity of the antioxidant enzymes and promote the synthesis of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The objective was to test if DG favors an increase in H2S and if it decreases the oxidative stress caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rat hearts. A total of 24 rats were divided into 4 groups: Group 1 control (C), Group 2 LPS, Group 3 DG, and Group 4 LPS plus DG. The cardiac mechanical performance (CMP), coronary vascular resistance (CVR), and oxidative stress markers, such as total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione (GSH), selenium (Se), lipid peroxidation (LPO), thiols, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and the activities and expressions of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), cystathionine synthetase (CBS), cystathionine γ-lyase (CTH), iNOS, and eNOS-p, were analyzed in the heart. Infarct zones in the cardiac tissue were present (p = 0.01). The CMP and CVR decreased and increased (p ≤ 0.05), TAC, GSH, H2S, NO, thiols, and GST activity (p ≤ 0.01) decreased, and LPO and iNOS increased (p ≤ 0.05). The activities and expressions of TrxR, GPx, eNOS-p, CTH, and CBS (p ≤ 0.05) decreased with the LPS treatment; however, DG normalized this effect. DG treatment decreases heart damage caused by LPS through the cross-talk between the H2S and NO systems.
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Yin X, Fan X, Zhou Z, Li Q. Encapsulation of berberine decorated ZnO nano-colloids into injectable hydrogel using for diabetic wound healing. Front Chem 2022; 10:964662. [PMID: 36017170 PMCID: PMC9395667 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.964662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic wound healing in diabetic patients had been considered a major clinical challenge, so there was an urgent need to establish more effective treatment methods. In this study, we prepared berberine-modified ZnO nano-colloids hydrogel (ZnO-Ber/H) and evaluated its wound healing performance in a diabetic rat. The prepared ZnO-Ber/H had excellent moisturizing, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress abilities. In vitro, ZnO-Ber/H could effectively up-regulate antioxidant stress factors (Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1) by 4.65-fold, 2.49-fold, 2.56-fold, respectively. In vivo experiments have shown that ZnO-Ber/H could effectively improve the wound healing rate (92.9%) after 15 days of treatment. Meanwhile, the ability of anti-oxidative stress had also been verified in vivo. ZnO-Ber/H down-regulated inflammatory factor (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) by 72.8%, 55% and 71% respectively, up-regulated vascular related factors VEGF and CD31 by 3.9-fold and 3.2-fold by Western blot. At the same time, ZnO-Ber/H could promote the expression of EGFR and FGFR, thereby affecting the generation of new epithelial tissue. Based on extensive characterization and biological evaluation, ZnO-Ber/H was expected to be a potential candidate for promoting diabetic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechen Yin
- College of Basic Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xiangyi Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Zipeng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zipeng Zhou, ; Qi Li,
| | - Qi Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zipeng Zhou, ; Qi Li,
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Alves-Silva JM, Zuzarte M, Girão H, Salgueiro L. Natural Products in Cardiovascular Diseases: The Potential of Plants from the Allioideae Subfamily (Ex-Alliaceae Family) and Their Sulphur-Containing Compounds. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1920. [PMID: 35893624 PMCID: PMC9332240 DOI: 10.3390/plants11151920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide and, together with associated risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia, greatly impact patients' quality of life and health care systems. This burden can be alleviated by fomenting lifestyle modifications and/or resorting to pharmacological approaches. However, due to several side effects, current therapies show low patient compliance, thus compromising their efficacy and enforcing the need to develop more amenable preventive/therapeutic strategies. In this scenario, medicinal and aromatic plants are a potential source of new effective agents. Specifically, plants from the Allioideae subfamily (formerly Alliaceae family), particularly those from the genus Allium and Tulbaghia, have been extensively used in traditional medicine for the management of several CVDs and associated risk factors, mainly due to the presence of sulphur-containing compounds. Bearing in mind this potential, the present review aims to gather information on traditional uses ascribed to these genera and provide an updated compilation of in vitro and in vivo studies validating these claims as well as clinical trials carried out in the context of CVDs. Furthermore, the effect of isolated sulphur-containing compounds is presented, and whenever possible, the relation between composition and activity and the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects are pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge M. Alves-Silva
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.M.A.-S.); (M.Z.); (H.G.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mónica Zuzarte
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.M.A.-S.); (M.Z.); (H.G.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Henrique Girão
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.M.A.-S.); (M.Z.); (H.G.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lígia Salgueiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre, University of Coimbra, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal
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Elevated Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Is Relevant to Heart Failure Patients with Reduced Ejection Fraction. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7138776. [PMID: 35069790 PMCID: PMC8767358 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7138776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the roles of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction and its association with Heart Failure with reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF). Methods The level of FGF21 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 199 subjects enrolled in this study, including 128 subjects with HFrEF and 71 control subjects. The mean follow-up time was 13.36 months. The left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) percentage were evaluated by the 2D echocardiography. Serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was measured in the routine clinical laboratory. Results The serum FGF21 level was evidently higher in patients with HFrEF than in the control group (228.72 ± 24.04 vs. 171.60 ± 12.98, p < 0.001). After 1 year of follow-up, 61 patients (47.66%) with heart failure were readmitted to the hospital, including 8 deaths (13.11%). The AUC of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the predictive value of FGF21 for prognosis was 0.964. Kaplan-Meier analysis results showed that there were significant differences in the 1-year mortality and heart failure readmission events between the grouped subjects. A poor prognosis was correlated with the serum level of FGF21, BNP, LVEDD, and LVEF, which was confirmed by the univariate Cox analysis. Conclusion FGF21 was independently associated with an increased risk of mortality and readmission HFrEF patients. Therefore, FGF21 has the potential to be a biomarker for the progression of HFrEF in patients.
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Proportion of B cell subsets and Nrf2 mediated redox regulation in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Immunobiology 2022; 227:152180. [PMID: 35032759 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2022.152180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by expansion of autoreactive lymphocytes and impaired management of oxidative stress. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) plays a significant role in maintaining the redox homeostasis of cell. The present study aims to investigate the frequency of peripheral B cell subsets and the redox regulation by Nrf2 in SLE patients with variable disease activity. For this, a total of forty (40) SLE patients and twenty (20) age and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited where patients with SLEDAI < 6 were grouped as Inactive SLE (n = 20) and patients with SLEDAI ≥ 6 were grouped as Active SLE (n = 20). A proportion of peripheral B cell subsets, level of ROS and expression of Nrf2 and Keap1 were studied with the help of flow cytometry and multiplex cytokine bead assay was exploited to estimate the serological concentration of cytokines. The frequency of B cell subsets was significantly altered and correlated with SLEDAI score. Concentration of IFNα2, IFN-β, BAFF, APRIL and IL-6 was also raised in active SLE patients. Moreover, the level of cytosolic ROS was universally decreased while mitochondrial ROS was increased in B cell subsets. The expression of Nrf2 and Keap1 (a negative regulator of Nrf2) was significantly increased in B cell subsets of SLE patients. Here, it has been demonstrated that the frequency of peripheral B cell subsets varies with modification in the SLE disease activity. The given data also demonstrated that the expression of Nrf2 is significantly heightened in B cell subsets to deal with free radical stress.
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Cheng PW, Liang HL, Lin HL, Hao CL, Tseng YH, Tu YC, Yeh BC, Shen KP. Pre-germinated brown rice alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induced by high fructose and high fat intake in rat. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2022; 70:248-255. [PMID: 35692676 PMCID: PMC9130058 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.21-158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In past researches, we had been proved the action mechanism of pre-germinated brown rice (PGBR) to treat metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus. This study was to investigate the protective effect of PGBR in high fructose and high fat-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in rodents. WKY rats were divided into: Control group was fed normal drinking water and diet; FLD group was fed 10% high-fructose-water (HFW) and high-fat-diet (HFD); PGBR group was given HFW, and HFD mixed PGBR. After four weeks, the body, hepatic and cardiac weight gains of FLD group had significant increases than that of Control group. The enhanced blood pressure and heart rate, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperuricemia, and higher liver function index (GPT levels) were observed; meanwhile, the IL-6 and TNF-α levels of serum, and TG level of liver were also elevated in FLD group. The related protein expressions of lipid synthesis, inflammation, cardiac fibrosis, and hypertrophy were deteriorated by HFW/HFD. However, in treatment group, PGBR decreased all above influenced parameters, additionally GOT; and related protein expressions. PGBR treated HFW/HFD-induced NAFLD and cardiac complications might be via improving lipid homeostasis, and inhibiting inflammation. Together, PGBR could be used as a healthy food for controlling NAFLD and its’ cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Wen Cheng
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital
| | - Hsin-Li Liang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital
| | - Hui-Li Lin
- Graduate Institute of Food Culture and Innovation, National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism
| | - Chi-Long Hao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pingtung Christian Hospital
| | - Yu-Hsiu Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Food Culture and Innovation, National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism
| | - Yi-Chen Tu
- Graduate Institute of Food Culture and Innovation, National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism
| | - Bor-Chun Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Food Culture and Innovation, National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism
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Ma J, Liu J, Chen Y, Yu H, Xiang L. Myricetin Improves Impaired Nerve Functions in Experimental Diabetic Rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:915603. [PMID: 35928887 PMCID: PMC9343592 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.915603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is considered as one of the most important complications of diabetes mellitus. At present, effective treatments that might improve the damaged neurological function in DPN are sorely needed. As myricetin has been proved to possess excellent neuroprotective and antioxidant effects, it might have therapeutic potential for DPN. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to detect the potential beneficial effect of myricetin on DPN. A single dose of 50 mg/kg of streptozotocin was applied in rats for the establishment of diabetic models. Different doses of myricetin (0.5 mg/kg/day, 1.0 mg/kg/day, and 2.0 mg/kg/day) were intraperitoneally injected for 2 weeks from the 21st day after streptozotocin injection. After the final myricetin injection, behavioral, electrophysiological, biochemical, and protein analyses were performed. In the present study, myricetin significantly ameliorated diabetes-induced impairment in sensation, nerve conduction velocities, and nerve blood flow. In addition, myricetin significantly reduced the generation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and elevated Na+, K+-ATPase activity and antioxidant activities in nerves in diabetic animals. Additional studies revealed that myricetin significantly raised the hydrogen sulfide (H2S) levels, and elevated the expression level of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) as well as nuclear factor-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) in diabetic rats. In addition, myricetin has the capability of decreasing plasma glucose under diabetic conditions. The findings in our present study collectively indicated that myricetin could restore the impaired motor and sensory functions under diabetic conditions. The Nrf2-dependent antioxidant action and the capability of decreasing plasma glucose might be the underlying mechanisms for the beneficial effect of myricetin on impaired neural functions. Our study showed the therapeutic potential of myricetin in the management of DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hailong Yu
- *Correspondence: Hailong Yu, ; Liangbi Xiang,
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Kovačević S, Brkljačić J, Vojnović Milutinović D, Gligorovska L, Bursać B, Elaković I, Djordjevic A. Fructose Induces Visceral Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Insulin Resistance Even Without Development of Obesity in Adult Female but Not in Male Rats. Front Nutr 2021; 8:749328. [PMID: 34869524 PMCID: PMC8632624 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.749328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Obesity and related metabolic disturbances are frequently related to modern lifestyle and are characterized by excessive fructose intake. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) inflammation has a central role in the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and metabolic syndrome. Since sex-related differences in susceptibility and progression of metabolic disorders are not yet fully understood, our aim was to examine inflammation and insulin signaling in VAT of fructose-fed female and male adult rats. Methods: We analyzed effects of 9-week 10% fructose-enriched diet on energy intake, VAT mass and histology, and systemic insulin sensitivity. VAT insulin signaling and markers of VAT inflammation, and antioxidative defense status were also evaluated. Results: The fructose diet had no effect on VAT mass and systemic insulin signaling in the female and male rats, while it raised plasma uric acid, increased PPARγ level in the VAT, and initiated the development of a distinctive population of small adipocytes in the females. Also, adipose tissue insulin resistance, evidenced by increased PTP1B and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) inhibitory phosphorylation and decreased Akt activity, was detected. In addition, fructose stimulated the nuclear accumulation of NFκB, increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα), and protein level of macrophage marker F4/80, superoxide dismutase 1, and glutathione reductase. In contrast to the females, the fructose diet had no effect on plasma uric acid and VAT inflammation in the male rats, but less prominent alterations in VAT insulin signaling were observed. Conclusion: Even though dietary fructose did not elicit changes in energy intake and led to obesity in the females, it initiated the proliferation of small-sized adipocytes capable of storing fats further. In contrast to the males, this state of VAT was accompanied with enhanced inflammation, which most likely contributed to the development of insulin resistance. The observed distinction could possibly originate from sex-related differences in uric acid metabolism. Our results suggest that VAT inflammation could precede obesity and start even before the measurable increase in VAT mass, making it a silent risk factor for the development of T2D. Our results emphasize that adipose tissue dysfunction, rather than its simple enlargement, could significantly contribute to the onset and development of obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Kovačević
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Brkljačić
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Vojnović Milutinović
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljupka Gligorovska
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Bursać
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Elaković
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Djordjevic
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Zhang W, Hou C, Du L, Zhang X, Yang M, Chen L, Li J. Protective action of pomegranate peel polyphenols in type 2 diabetic rats via the translocation of Nrf2 and FoxO1 regulated by the PI3K/Akt pathway. Food Funct 2021; 12:11408-11419. [PMID: 34673854 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01213d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the protective mechanism of pomegranate peel polyphenols (PPPs) in in vivo and in vitro rat models of T2DM. Our results showed that PPPs markedly improved the symptoms of diabetes, such as insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, and pancreatic oxidative damage, which contributed to the attenuation of the symptoms of hyperglycemia in a high-fat diet (HFD) combined with streptozocin (STZ) induced type 2 diabetes mellitus in rats. On the one hand, PPPs promoted the translocation of Nrf2 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, the key protein down-regulated by the PI3K/Akt pathway, activating its downstream phase 2 antioxidant enzyme system. On the other hand, the positive effect was associated with another downstream protein of the PI3K/Akt pathway, FoxO1. With the activation of Akt phosphorylation, the phosphorylated FoxO1 protein transferred from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, releasing the block of Pdx-1 and its downstream genes. The inhibitor of the PI3K/Akt pathway was also studied in INS-1 cells in order to verify the mechanism observed in vivo. Altogether, we presented evidence that PPPs activated the translocation of Nrf2 into the nucleus and resulted in increased antioxidant activity, and PPPs promoted the translocation of FoxO1 out of the nucleus resulting in an increase in insulin synthesis in vivo and in vitro. Pomegranate extracts may show great potential and application prospects as functional foods or preventive drugs to improve pancreatic beta cell dysfunction and provide a reference for future development in health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Zhang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
- University Key Laboratory of Food Processing Byproducts for Advanced Development and High Value Utilization, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen Hou
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
- University Key Laboratory of Food Processing Byproducts for Advanced Development and High Value Utilization, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Du
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
- University Key Laboratory of Food Processing Byproducts for Advanced Development and High Value Utilization, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xitong Zhang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
- University Key Laboratory of Food Processing Byproducts for Advanced Development and High Value Utilization, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mi Yang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
- University Key Laboratory of Food Processing Byproducts for Advanced Development and High Value Utilization, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Chen
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
- University Key Laboratory of Food Processing Byproducts for Advanced Development and High Value Utilization, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianke Li
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
- University Key Laboratory of Food Processing Byproducts for Advanced Development and High Value Utilization, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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Zuk M, Szperlik J, Szopa J. Linseed Silesia, Diverse Crops for Diverse Diets. New Solutions to Increase Dietary Lipids in Crop Species. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112675. [PMID: 34828956 PMCID: PMC8623773 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the work was to compare the new variety of oil flax (Silesia) with already cultivated varieties in terms of plant productivity, oil content, fatty acid composition and significant secondary metabolites. The analyzed linseed varieties are characterized by low (Linola), medium (Silesia) and high (Szafir) content of omega-3 fatty acids. Special attention was paid to the quality of the oil and the characteristics that determine its stability (reduction of susceptibility to oxidation). A number of antioxidant compounds of secondary metabolism (simple phenols, phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins) were identified in the linseed oils. All of these compounds can affect lipid oxidation by a mechanism that attenuates initiating radicals such as hydroxyl or forms an oxidizing primary product such as peroxides. Chelation of metal ions may also be involved in lipid oxidation. We propose a mechanism that encompasses all these processes and facilitates understanding of the complex relationships between them. The general thesis is that the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids is associated with a better metabolic state of flaxseed, and thus with a higher nutritional value. In addition, we find a number of specialized secondary metabolites characteristic of the flax studied, which could be useful for chemotaxonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zuk
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland;
- Linum Fundation, pl. Grunwaldzki 24A, 50-363 Wrocław, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Jakub Szperlik
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Jan Szopa
- Linum Fundation, pl. Grunwaldzki 24A, 50-363 Wrocław, Poland;
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Chou IC, Chang AC, Chen CJ, Liang WM, Chiou JS, Tsai FJ, Wu YC, Lin TH, Liao CC, Huang SM, Li TM, Lin YJ. Effect of Chinese herbal medicines on the overall survival of patients with muscular dystrophies in Taiwan. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:114359. [PMID: 34174374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Muscular dystrophies are a rare, severe, and genetically inherited group of disorders characterized by progressive loss of muscle fibers, leading to muscle weakness. The current treatment plan for muscular dystrophies includes the use of steroids to slow muscle deterioration by dampening the inflammatory response. AIM OF THE STUDY Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has been offered as an adjunctive therapy in Taiwan's medical healthcare plan, making it possible to track CHM usage in patients with muscular dystrophic disease. Therefore, we explored the long-term effects of CHM use on the overall mortality of patients with muscular dystrophies. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 581 patients with muscular dystrophies were identified from the database of Registry for Catastrophic Illness Patients in Taiwan. Among them, 80 and 201 patients were CHM users and non-CHM users, respectively. Student's t-test, chi-squared test, Cox proportional hazard model, and Kaplan-Meier curve (log-rank test) were used for evaluation. Association rules and network analyses were performed to explore the combination of CHMs used in muscular dystrophies. RESULTS Compared to non-CHM users, there were more female patients, more comorbidities, including chronic pulmonary disease and peptic ulcer disease in the CHM user group. Patients with prednisolone usage exhibited a lower risk of overall mortality than those who did not, after adjusting for age, sex, use of CHM, and comorbidities. CHM users showed a lower risk of overall mortality after adjusting for age, sex, prednisolone use, and comorbidities. The cumulative incidence of the overall survival was significantly higher in CHM users. Association rule and network analysis showed that one main CHM cluster was commonly used to treat patients with muscular dystrophies in Taiwan. The cluster includes Yin-Qiao-San, Ban-Xia-Bai-Zhu-Tian-Ma-Tang, Zhi-Ke (Citrus aurantium L.), Yu-Xing-Cao (Houttuynia cordata Thunb.), Che-Qian-Zi (Plantago asiatica L.), and Da-Huang (Rheum palmatum L.). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that adjunctive therapy with CHM may help to reduce the overall mortality among patients with muscular dystrophies. The identification of the CHM cluster allows us to narrow down the key active compounds and may enable future therapeutic developments and clinical trial designs to improve overall survival in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ching Chou
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Alex Cy Chang
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chao-Jung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Genetic Center, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Miin Liang
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Jian-Shiun Chiou
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Genetic Center, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Ting-Hsu Lin
- Genetic Center, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chiu-Chu Liao
- Genetic Center, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Shao-Mei Huang
- Genetic Center, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Te-Mao Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Ju Lin
- Genetic Center, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Antidiabetic potential of Chromolaena Odorata leave extract and its effect on Nrf2/keap1 antioxidant pathway in the liver of diabetic-induced Wistar Rats. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-021-00618-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Wang S, Sun-Waterhouse D, Neil Waterhouse GI, Zheng L, Su G, Zhao M. Effects of food-derived bioactive peptides on cognitive deficits and memory decline in neurodegenerative diseases: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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IRS-2/Akt/GSK-3 β/Nrf2 Pathway Contributes to the Protective Effects of Chikusetsu Saponin IVa against Lipotoxicity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8832318. [PMID: 33884100 PMCID: PMC8041533 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8832318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hyperlipidemia leads to pancreatic β-cell apoptosis and dysfunction through inducing oxidative stress. Chikusetsu saponin IVa (CHS) showed antioxidant and antidiabetic properties in our previous studies; however, its protective effects against lipotoxicity-induced β-cell oxidative stress and dysfunction are not clear. This study was designed to investigate the effects of CHS against lipotoxicity-induced β-cell injuries and its possible mechanism involved. High-fat (HF) diet and a low dose of streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) model in vivo and βTC3 cells subjected to 0.5 mM palmitate (PA) to imitate the lipotoxic model in vitro were performed. Pancreatic functions, ROS, and antioxidant protein measurements were performed to evaluate the effects of CHS on cell injuries. Protein expression levels were measured by Western blotting. Furthermore, siRNA-targeted Nrf2, PI3K/Akt inhibitor (LY294002), or GSK-3β inhibitor (LiCl) was used to investigate the crosstalk relationships between proteins. As the results showed, CHS treatment inhibited apoptosis, promoted insulin release, and reduced oxidative stress. CHS treatment significantly increased the expression of Nrf2 in the cytoplasm and nuclear protein. The antioxidative and benefit effects of CHS were inhibited by siNrf2. The phosphorylation of IRS-2, PI3K, Akt, and GSK-3β was markedly increased by CHS which were inhibited by PA. In addition, inhibition of PI3K/Akt or GSK-3β with specific inhibitors dramatically abrogated the protective effects of CHS, revealing that the IRS-2/Akt/GSK-3β signaling axis was involved in the protective effects of CHS. These results demonstrate that CHS protected βTC3 cells against PA-induced oxidative stress and cell dysfunction through Nrf2 by the IRS-2/Akt/GSK-3β-mediated pathway.
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Verma T, Sinha M, Bansal N, Yadav SR, Shah K, Chauhan NS. Plants Used as Antihypertensive. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2021; 11:155-184. [PMID: 33174095 PMCID: PMC7981375 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-020-00281-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is a critical health problem and worse other cardiovascular diseases. It is mainly of two types: Primary or essential hypertension and Secondary hypertension. Hypertension is the primary possibility feature for coronary heart disease, stroke and renal vascular disease. Herbal medicines have been used for millions of years for the management and treatment of hypertension with minimum side effects. Over aim to write this review is to collect information on the anti-hypertensive effects of natural herbs in animal studies and human involvement as well as to recapitulate the underlying mechanisms, from the bottom of cell culture and ex-vivo tissue data. According to WHO, natural herbs/shrubs are widely used in increasing order to treat almost all the ailments of the human body. Plants are the regular industrial units for the invention of chemical constituents, they used as immunity booster to enhance the natural capacity of the body to fight against different health problems as well as herbal medicines and food products also. Eighty percent population of the world (around 5.6 billion people) consume medicines from natural plants for major health concerns. This review provides a bird's eye analysis primarily on the traditional utilization, phytochemical constituents and pharmacological values of medicinal herbs used to normalize hypertension i.e. Hibiscus sabdariffa, Allium sativum, Andrographis paniculata, Apium graveolens, Bidenspilosa, Camellia sinensis, Coptis chinensis, Coriandrum sativum, Crataegus spp., Crocus sativus, Cymbopogon citrates, Nigella sativa, Panax ginseng,Salviaemiltiorrhizae, Zingiber officinale, Tribulus terrestris, Rauwolfiaserpentina, Terminalia arjuna etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarawanti Verma
- I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University (IKGPTU), Jalandhar, Punjab India
| | - Manish Sinha
- Laureate Institute of Pharmacy, Kathog, Jwalamukhi, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh India
| | - Nitin Bansal
- Department of Pharmacology, ASBASJSM College of Pharmacy, BELA, Ropar, Punjab India
| | - Shyam Raj Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, S.P. Jain College (Veer Kunwar Singh University, Ara), Sasaram, Bihar India
| | - Kamal Shah
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, NH#2, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281406 India
| | - Nagendra Singh Chauhan
- Drugs Testing Laboratory Avam Anusandhan Kendra, 1st Floor Govt. Ayurvedic Hospital Building, Govt. Ayurvedic College Campus G.E. Road, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010 India
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An Overview on the Conservative Management of Endometriosis from a Naturopathic Perspective: Phytochemicals and Medicinal Plants. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10030587. [PMID: 33804660 PMCID: PMC8003677 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Endometriosis is a chronic and debilitating disease, which affects millions of young women worldwide. Although medicine has incontestably evolved in the last years, there is no common ground regarding the early and accurate diagnosis of this condition, its pathogenic mechanisms, and curative treatment. Even though the spontaneous resolution of endometriosis is sometimes possible, recent reports suggested that it can be a progressive condition. It can associate chronic pelvic pain, vaginal bleeding, infertility, or malignant degenerescence. Conventional treatments could produce many side effects, and despite treatment, the symptoms may reappear. In recent years, experimental evidence suggested that plant-based medicine could exert beneficial effects on endometriosis and endometriosis-related symptoms. This study aims to highlight the pharmaceutical activity of phytochemicals and medicinal plants against endometriosis and to provide a source of information regarding the alternative treatment of this condition. Methods: For this review, we performed a research using PubMed, GoogleScholar, and CrossRef databases. We selected the articles published between January 2000 and July 2020, written in English. Results: We found 17 medicinal plants and 13 phytochemicals, which have demonstrated their beneficial effects against endometriosis. Several of their biological activities consist of antiangiogenic, anti-inflammatory effects, and oxidative-stress reduction. Conclusion: Medicinal herbs and their bioactive compounds exhibit antiangiogenic, antioxidant, sedative and pain-alleviating properties and the effects recorded until now encourage their use for the conservative management of endometriosis.
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Wang S, Su G, Zhang X, Song G, Zhang L, Zheng L, Zhao M. Characterization and Exploration of Potential Neuroprotective Peptides in Walnut ( Juglans regia) Protein Hydrolysate against Cholinergic System Damage and Oxidative Stress in Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive and Memory Impairment Mice and Zebrafish. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:2773-2783. [PMID: 33645974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the neuroprotective effect and mechanism of walnut protein hydrolysates (WPH) against memory deficits induced by scopolamine in mice and further to validate the potent neuroprotective peptides identified by integrated approaches of in silico analysis and peptidomics in scopolamine-induced zebrafish. Results showed that a remarkable amelioration on behavioral performance was observed for oral administration of WPH, and disorders of cholinergic system and oxidative stress were normalized in the brains of mice also. Unfortunately, no obvious inflammatory response and anti-inflammatory effect were observed. Additionally, WPH significantly upregulated the expressions of antioxidant defense-related protein (Nrf2) and neurotrophic-related protein (BDNF and CREB). Furthermore, 20 peptides with relatively higher abundance and PeptideRanker scores were predicted by docking to AchE and Keap1. Among them, FY and SGFDAE with the highest binding affinities, -9.8 and -8.0 kcal/mol, were considered as the promising AchE and Keap1 inhibitors, respectively. They were further validated to have neuroprotective capacity in scopolamine-induced zebrafish, indicating that peptidomics and in silico prediction might be the effective approaches to screen neuroprotective peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Guowan Su
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Huapeptides Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Zhaoqing 526000, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 116 Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Guohui Song
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 116 Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Lixia Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 116 Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Mouming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China
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Ribeiro M, Alvarenga L, Cardozo LFMF, Chermut TR, Sequeira J, de Souza Gouveia Moreira L, Teixeira KTR, Shiels PG, Stenvinkel P, Mafra D. From the distinctive smell to therapeutic effects: Garlic for cardiovascular, hepatic, gut, diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:4807-4819. [PMID: 34147285 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Garlic, a member of the Allium family, widely used in cooking for many centuries, displays well described antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, as a result of its constituent organosulfur compounds, such as alliin, allicin, ajoene S-allyl-cysteine, diallyl sulfide and diallyl disulfide, among others. Although garlic has demonstrated beneficial effects in cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer, its efficacy as a therapeutic intervention in chronic kidney disease remains to be proven. This review thus focuses on the potential benefits of garlic as a treatment option in chronic kidney disease. and its ability to mitigate associated cardiovascular complications and gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Ribeiro
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Livia Alvarenga
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ludmila F M F Cardozo
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tuany R Chermut
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Joana Sequeira
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paul G Shiels
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Instituted, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Denise Mafra
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
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Mohammed SA, Paramesha B, Meghwani H, Kumar Reddy MP, Arava SK, Banerjee SK. Allyl Methyl Sulfide Preserved Pressure Overload-Induced Heart Failure Via Modulation of Mitochondrial Function. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111316. [PMID: 33684689 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally, and they are causing enormous socio-economic burden to the developed and developing countries. Allyl Methyl Sulfide (AMS) is a novel cardioprotective metabolite identified in the serum of rats after raw garlic administration. The present study explored the cardioprotective effect of AMS on thoracic aortic constriction (TAC)-induced cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure model in rats. METHODS Thoracic aortic constriction (TAC) by titanium ligating clips resulted in the development of pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure model. Four weeks prior to TAC and for 8 weeks after TAC, Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were administered with AMS (25 and 50 mg/kg/day) or Enalapril (10 mg/kg/day). RESULTS We have observed AMS (25 and 50 mg/kg/day) intervention significantly improved structural and functional parameters of the heart. mRNA expression of fetal genes i.e., atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), alpha skeletal actin (α-SA) and beta myosin heavy chain (β-MHC) were reduced in AMS treated TAC hearts along with decrease in perivascular and interstitial fibrosis. AMS attenuated lipid peroxidation and improved protein expression of endogenous antioxidant enzymes i.e., catalase and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) along with electron transport chain (ETC) complex activity. AMS increased mitochondrial fusion proteins i.e., mitofusin 1 (MFN1), mitofusin 2 (MFN2) and optic atrophy protein (OPA1), and reduced fission protein i.e., dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1). Preliminary study suggests that AMS intervention upregulated genes involved in mitochondrial bioenergetics in normal rats. Further, in-vitro studies suggest that AMS reduced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), preserved mitochondrial membrane potential and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in isoproterenol-treated cardiomyoblast. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that AMS protected cardiac remodelling, LV dysfunction and fibrosis in pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure model by improving endogenous antioxidants and mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheb Anwar Mohammed
- Non-Communicable Diseases Group, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, 121001, India.
| | - Bugga Paramesha
- Non-Communicable Diseases Group, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, 121001, India.
| | | | - Maramreddy Prasanna Kumar Reddy
- Cardio-Respiratory Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Timarpur, Delhi, India.
| | - Sudheer Kumar Arava
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Sanjay Kumar Banerjee
- Non-Communicable Diseases Group, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, 121001, India; Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, 781101, India.
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Bahramsoltani R, Rahimi R. An Evaluation of Traditional Persian Medicine for the Management of SARS-CoV-2. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:571434. [PMID: 33324206 PMCID: PMC7724033 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.571434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A new coronavirus causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged and with it, a global investigation of new antiviral treatments and supportive care for organ failure due to this life-threatening viral infection. Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) is one of the most ancient medical doctrines mostly known with the manuscripts of Avicenna and Rhazes. In this paper, we first introduce a series of medicinal plants that would potentially be beneficial in treating SARS-CoV-2 infection according to TPM textbooks. Then, we review medicinal plants based on the pharmacological studies obtained from electronic databases and discuss their mechanism of action in SARS-CoV-2 infection. There are several medicinal plants in TPM with cardiotonic, kidney tonic, and pulmonary tonic activities, protecting the lung, heart, and kidney, the three main vulnerable organs in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Some medicinal plants can prevent "humor infection", a situation described in TPM which has similar features to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Pharmacological evaluations are in line with the therapeutic activities of several plants mentioned in TPM, mostly through antiviral, cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms. Amongst the primarily-introduced medicinal plants from TPM, rhubarb, licorice, garlic, saffron, galangal, and clove are the most studied plants and represent candidates for clinical studies. The antiviral compounds isolated from these plants provide novel molecular structures to design new semisynthetic antiviral agents. Future clinical studies in healthy volunteers as well as patients suffering from pulmonary infections are necessary to confirm the safety and efficacy of these plants as complementary and integrative interventions in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roodabeh Bahramsoltani
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,PhytoPharmacology Interest Group (PPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Roja Rahimi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,PhytoPharmacology Interest Group (PPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran,*Correspondence: Roja Rahimi, ;
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Thapa P, Katila N, Choi DY, Choi H, Nam JW. Suntamide A, a neuroprotective cyclic peptide from Cicadidae Periostracum. Bioorg Chem 2020; 106:104493. [PMID: 33268010 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Suntamide A (1), a new cyclic peptide, was isolated from Cicadidae Periostracum. The gross structure of 1 was elucidated by detailed analysis of HRMS and 1D/2D NMR spectra, and the absolute configuration was established by C3 Marfey's method. We extended our study to examine biological activity of 1, and found that 1 protected SH-SY5Y cells against rotenone-induced neurotoxicity. This effect of 1 seemed to be attributed to antioxidant induction and protection of mitochondria from rotenone-caused injury. Along with augmentation of the antioxidant system by 1, there was an evident activation of Nrf2, a transcription factor involved in the activation of the antioxidant system. These results indicate that 1 rescued the cells from rotenone-mediated neurotoxicity by enhancing antioxidant capacity via induction of Nrf2, suggesting that the compound could be used as a therapeutic intervention in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punam Thapa
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Nikita Katila
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Young Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyukjae Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38541, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38531, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joo-Won Nam
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38541, Republic of Korea.
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Piragine E, Calderone V. Pharmacological modulation of the hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) system by dietary H 2 S-donors: A novel promising strategy in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1817-1846. [PMID: 33118671 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents the most common age-related metabolic disorder, and its management is becoming both a health and economic issue worldwide. Moreover, chronic hyperglycemia represents one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular complications. In the last years, the emerging evidence about the role of the endogenous gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) in the pathogenesis and progression of T2DM led to increasing interest in the pharmacological modulation of endogenous "H2 S-system". Indeed, H2 S directly contributes to the homeostatic maintenance of blood glucose levels; moreover, it improves impaired angiogenesis and endothelial dysfunction under hyperglycemic conditions. Moreover, H2 S promotes significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects, thus preventing hyperglycemia-induced vascular damage, diabetic nephropathy, and cardiomyopathy. Therefore, H2 S-releasing molecules represent a promising strategy in both clinical management of T2DM and prevention of macro- and micro-vascular complications associated to hyperglycemia. Recently, growing attention has been focused on dietary organosulfur compounds. Among them, garlic polysulfides and isothiocyanates deriving from Brassicaceae have been recognized as H2 S-donors of great pharmacological and nutraceutical interest. Therefore, a better understanding of the therapeutic potential of naturally occurring H2 S-donors may pave the way to a more rational use of these nutraceuticals in the modulation of H2 S homeostasis in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Gopallawa I, Lee RJ. Targeting the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway in airway innate immunity. World J Biol Chem 2020; 11:30-51. [PMID: 33024516 PMCID: PMC7520643 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v11.i2.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The airway innate immune system maintains the first line of defense against respiratory infections. The airway epithelium and associated immune cells protect the respiratory system from inhaled foreign organisms. These cells sense pathogens via activation of receptors like toll-like receptors and taste family 2 receptors (T2Rs) and respond by producing antimicrobials, inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines. Coordinated regulation of fluid secretion and ciliary beating facilitates clearance of pathogens via mucociliary transport. Airway cells also secrete antimicrobial peptides and radicals to directly kill microorganisms and inactivate viruses. The phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B (Akt) kinase pathway regulates multiple cellular targets that modulate cell survival and proliferation. Akt also regulates proteins involved in innate immune pathways. Akt phosphorylates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) enzymes expressed in airway epithelial cells. Activation of eNOS can have anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and anti-viral roles. Moreover, Akt can increase the activity of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor-2 that protects cells from oxidative stress and may limit inflammation. In this review, we summarize the recent findings of non-cancerous functions of Akt signaling in airway innate host defense mechanisms, including an overview of several known downstream targets of Akt involved in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indiwari Gopallawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Robert J Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
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Della Corte L, Noventa M, Ciebiera M, Magliarditi M, Sleiman Z, Karaman E, Catena U, Salvaggio C, Falzone G, Garzon S. Phytotherapy in endometriosis: an up-to-date review. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 17:jcim-2019-0084. [PMID: 31532753 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2019-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a benign gynecological disease which symptoms can provide a severe impact on patient's quality of life with subsequent impact on psychological well-being. Different therapeutic strategies are available to treat this disease, such as surgery, hormonal therapies, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Nevertheless, the efficacy of conventional medical treatments is limited or intermittent in most of the patients due to the associated side effects. Therefore, a woman with endometriosis often search for additional and alternative options, and phytotherapy might be a promising alternative and complementary strategy. Different medicinal plants, multicomponent herbal preparations, and phytochemicals were investigated for pharmacological proprieties in endometriosis therapy. In most of the cases, the effect on endometriosis was related to phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids and phenolic acids reporting anti-inflammatory, proapoptotic, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory functions. Moreover, some phytochemicals have been related to a strong phytoestrogenic effect modulating the estrogen activity. Although promising, available evidence is based on in vitro and animal models of endometriosis with a limited number of well-performed clinical studies. There are almost none randomized control trials in this area. Therefore, properly constructed clinical trials are mandatory to achieve more conclusive results about the promising role of phytotherapy in the management of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Della Corte
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Noventa
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Michal Ciebiera
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Magliarditi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Policlinico Universitario Gazzi, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Zaki Sleiman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Erbil Karaman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yuzuncu Yil University Medical Faculty, Van, Turkey
| | - Ursula Catena
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Calogero Salvaggio
- Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale 2 Caltanissetta, "Sant'Elia" Hospital, Caltanissetta, Italy
| | - Giovanni Falzone
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, "Umberto I" Hospital, Enna, Italy
| | - Simone Garzon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Filippo Del Ponte" Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Gautam P, Kaur G, Tandon A, Sharma A, Bhatnagar A. Altered redox regulation by Nrf2-Keap1 system in dendritic cells of systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Lupus 2020; 29:1544-1555. [PMID: 32811277 DOI: 10.1177/0961203320950022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder associated with inflammation and multiple organ involvement. Individually, dendritic cells (DCs) and oxidative stress have been well discussed for their critical involvement in the pathogenesis of disease but the precise impact of oxidative stress on DCs in relation to SLE disease activity is yet to be scrutinized. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) pathway is the cellular mechanism to combat increased reactive oxygen species (ROS). The current study was framed in order to understand redox regulation in DCs along with an argument in context to disease activity. Here, 23 SLE patients along with 10 healthy controls were enrolled and disease activity was calculated as the recent change in SLEDAI score. We found the percentage of circulating plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) was increased with an increase in disease activity. Altered DCs functionality along with disease activity was further supported with the differential concentration of Type I IFNs. The disease activity was positively associated with increased levels of ROS. A relevant reason for increased ROS was further explained with the decreased levels of transcription factor Nrf2. Hence, the present study suggests that SLE specific DCs displayed elevation in ROS and this outcome might be due to impaired free radical clearance by Nrf2. Correlation studies further established an association of disease activity with increased ROS, Type I IFNs levels and decreased activity of oxidative stress regulating enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Gautam
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gurjasmine Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ankit Tandon
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Aman Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Potential Health Benefit of Garlic Based on Human Intervention Studies: A Brief Overview. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9070619. [PMID: 32679751 PMCID: PMC7402177 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Garlic is a polyphenolic and organosulfur enriched nutraceutical spice consumed since ancient times. Garlic and its secondary metabolites have shown excellent health-promoting and disease-preventing effects on many human common diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, blood pressure, and diabetes, through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and lipid-lowering properties, as demonstrated in several in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. The present review aims to provide a comprehensive overview on the consumption of garlic, garlic preparation, garlic extract, and garlic extract-derived bioactive constituents on oxidative stress, inflammation, cancer, cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, skin, bone, and other common diseases. Among the 83 human interventional trials considered, the consumption of garlic has been reported to modulate multiple biomarkers of different diseases; in addition, its combination with drugs or other food matrices has been shown to be safe and to prolong their therapeutic effects. The rapid metabolism and poor bioavailability that have limited the therapeutic use of garlic in the last years are also discussed.
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Ajeigbe OF, Ademosun AO, Oboh G. Relieving the tension in hypertension: Food-drug interactions and anti-hypertensive mechanisms of food bioactive compounds. J Food Biochem 2020; 45:e13317. [PMID: 32537763 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a global health problem. Statistics report from the World Health Organization reveals its prevalence in about a quarter of the world global population. Due to the complications associated with hypertension, it is required to be well managed or prevented pharmacologically or non-pharmacologically. Pharmacologically, the major antihypertensive drugs used are centrally acting sympatholytic drugs, diuretics, vasodilators, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, and angiotensin II receptor blockers while non-pharmacological means of management include lifestyle changes, intake of diet or supplements with antihypertensive effects. Interestingly, the use of diet as a complement with drug intake has become very popular due to occurring side effects over time. Recent research efforts have revealed that foods such as fruits and vegetables contain bioactive substances that modulate the activities of macromolecules involved in the development, complications, and management of hypertension. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Recent research efforts have suggested the efficacy of diets rich in fruits and vegetables in the management of hypertension. This review examines some of the mechanisms involved in the dietary management or prevention of hypertension by bioactive compounds found in foods. This review promotes the use of diet in the management of the condition and also suggests that precautions to be taken in the combined use of food and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olufunke Florence Ajeigbe
- Functional Foods and Nutraceutical Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Ayokunle Olubode Ademosun
- Functional Foods and Nutraceutical Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Functional Foods and Nutraceutical Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
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Allylmethylsulfide, a Sulfur Compound Derived from Garlic, Attenuates Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7856318. [PMID: 32617142 PMCID: PMC7306095 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7856318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Allylmethylsulfide (AMS) is a novel sulfur metabolite found in the garlic-fed serum of humans and animals. In the present study, we have observed that AMS is safe on chronic administration and has a potential antihypertrophic effect. Chronic administration of AMS for 30 days did not cause any significant differences in the body weight, electrocardiogram, food intake, serum biochemical parameters, and histopathology of vital organs. Single-dose pharmacokinetics of AMS suggests that AMS is rapidly metabolized into Allylmethylsulfoxide (AMSO) and Allylmethylsulfone (AMSO2). To evaluate the efficacy of AMS, cardiac hypertrophy was induced by subcutaneous implantation of ALZET® osmotic minipump containing isoproterenol (~5 mg/kg/day), cotreated with AMS (25 and 50 mg/kg/day) and enalapril (10 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks. AMS and enalapril significantly reduced cardiac hypertrophy as studied by the heart weight to body weight ratio and mRNA expression of fetal genes (ANP and β-MHC). We have observed that TBARS, a parameter of lipid peroxidation, was reduced and the antioxidant enzymes (glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) were improved in the AMS and enalapril-cotreated hypertrophic hearts. The extracellular matrix (ECM) components such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2 and MMP9) were significantly upregulated in the diseased hearts; however, with the AMS and enalapril, it was preserved. Similarly, caspases 3, 7, and 9 were upregulated in hypertrophic hearts, and with the AMS and enalapril treatment, they were reduced. Further to corroborate this finding with in vitro data, we have checked the nuclear expression of caspase 3/7 in the H9c2 cells treated with isoproterenol and observed that AMS cotreatment reduced it significantly. Histopathological investigation of myocardium suggests AMS and enalapril treatment reduced fibrosis in hypertrophied hearts. Based on our experimental results, we conclude that AMS, an active metabolite of garlic, could reduce isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy by reducing oxidative stress, apoptosis, and stabilizing ECM components.
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Nallathambi R, Poulev A, Zuk JB, Raskin I. Proanthocyanidin-Rich Grape Seed Extract Reduces Inflammation and Oxidative Stress and Restores Tight Junction Barrier Function in Caco-2 Colon Cells. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061623. [PMID: 32492806 PMCID: PMC7352846 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Grape polyphenols have previously been shown to improve gut health and attenuate the symptoms of metabolic syndrome; however, the mechanism of these beneficial effects is still debated. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of proanthocyanidin-rich grape seed extract (GSE) on bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and barrier integrity of human Caco-2 colon cells. GSE significantly reduced the LPS-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial superoxide production, and upregulated the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes. GSE also restored the LPS-damaged mitochondrial function by increasing mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, GSE increased the expression of tight junction proteins in the LPS-treated Caco-2 cells, increased the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines, and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression. Our findings suggest that GSE exerts its beneficial effects on metabolic syndrome by scavenging intestinal ROS, thus reducing oxidative stress, increasing epithelial barrier integrity, and decreasing intestinal inflammation.
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Therapeutic effects of in vivo-differentiated stem cell and Matricaria chamomilla L. Oil in diabetic rabbit. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:453-460. [PMID: 32550197 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00530-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background The main goal of diabetes therapy is to control blood glucose levels. Objectives In this study, the effect of Matricaria chamomilla L. oil as an herbal agent, on therapeutic properties of poly L-lactic acid-based (PLLA) scaffold loaded with differentiated stem cells, is examined in the diabetic rabbit. Methods Adipose mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) were isolated from male New Zealand White rabbits and after seeding on the PLLA scaffold differentiated in the pancreatic region. In vivo differentiation of AMSCs toward pancreatic progenitor cells was evaluated by quantitative analysis of gene expressions and immunohistochemistry. Then, one normal and five diabetic groups including blank diabetic, scaffold, oil + scaffold, and differentiated cell + scaffold or oil + scaffold were assessed after 21 days of treatment. After the assessment, the diabetic groups were evaluated by clinical parameters and pancreatic histological sections. Results It was found that AMSCs were differentiated to insulin-producing cells (IPCs) in the pancreatic environment which then used for implantation. Blood glucose in the oil + scaffold, cell + scaffold, and oil + cell + scaffold groups showed a significant decrease after 21 days. In the above mentioned three groups, insulin secretion was increased significantly. Chamomile oil also caused a significant decrease in High-density lipoprotein (HDL), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and total cholesterol levels. According to histological sections results, in cell + scaffold and oil + cell + scaffold groups, β cells were significantly increased compared to blank diabetic group. Conclusions Together these data demonstrated chamomile oil along with in vivo-differentiated stem cell is a promising new treatment for diabetes.
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Țigu AB, Toma VA, Moț AC, Jurj A, Moldovan CS, Fischer-Fodor E, Berindan-Neagoe I, Pârvu M. The Synergistic Antitumor Effect of 5-Fluorouracil Combined with Allicin against Lung and Colorectal Carcinoma Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081947. [PMID: 32331446 PMCID: PMC7221923 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is an anticancer drug used to inhibit the proliferation of many different tumor cells. Since severe events are associated with this compound, its combination with different anticancer drugs or adjuvants would allow the use of a significantly lower dose of 5-FU. In this study, we highlighted that the combination of allicin with 5-FU inhibited the cell migration and proliferation of colorectal and lung cancer cells. 5-FU inhibited cell growth with a similar inhibitory concentration for both normal and tumor cells (~200µM), while allicin showed different inhibitory concentrations. With an IC50 of 8.625 µM, lung cancer cells were the most sensitive to allicin. Compared to 5-FU and allicin single-agent treatments, the co-treatment showed a reduced viability rate, with p < 0.05. The morphological changes were visible on all three cell lines, indicating that the treatment inhibited the proliferation of both normal and tumor cells. We highlighted different cell death mechanisms—apoptosis for lung cancer and a non-apoptotic cell death for colorectal cancer. The synergistic antitumor effect of 5-FU combined with allicin was visible against lung and colorectal carcinoma cells. Better results were obtained when a lower concentration of 5-FU was combined with allicin than the single-agent treatment at IC50.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Bogdan Țigu
- MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.B.Ț.); (C.S.M.); (E.F.-F.); (I.B.-N.)
- Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, 42 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Vlad-Alexandru Toma
- Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, 42 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Institute of Biological Research Cluj-Napoca, branch of NIRDBS Bucuresti, 400113 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Molecular and Biomolecular Physics, National Institute for R&D of Isotopic and MolecularTechnologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Augustin Cătălin Moț
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University,11 Arany Janos Street, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ancuța Jurj
- The Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Cristian Silviu Moldovan
- MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.B.Ț.); (C.S.M.); (E.F.-F.); (I.B.-N.)
- The Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Eva Fischer-Fodor
- MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.B.Ț.); (C.S.M.); (E.F.-F.); (I.B.-N.)
- Department of Radiobiology and Tumor Biology, the Oncology Institute “Prof Dr Ion Chiricuta”, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.B.Ț.); (C.S.M.); (E.F.-F.); (I.B.-N.)
- The Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, the Oncology Institute “Prof Dr Ion Chiricuta”, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marcel Pârvu
- Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, 42 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Correspondence:
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Agrimi J, Baroni C, Anakor E, Lionetti V. Perioperative Heart-Brain Axis Protection in Obese Surgical Patients: The Nutrigenomic Approach. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:258-281. [PMID: 30324875 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181015145225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The number of obese patients undergoing cardiac and noncardiac surgery is rapidly increasing because they are more prone to concomitant diseases, such as diabetes, thrombosis, sleep-disordered breathing, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders. Even if guidelines are already available to manage anesthesia and surgery of obese patients, the assessment of the perioperative morbidity and mortality from heart and brain disorders in morbidly obese surgical patients will be challenging in the next years. The present review will recapitulate the new mechanisms underlying the Heart-brain Axis (HBA) vulnerability during the perioperative period in healthy and morbidly obese patients. Finally, we will describe the nutrigenomics approach, an emerging noninvasive dietary tool, to maintain a healthy body weight and to minimize the HBA propensity to injury in obese individuals undergoing all types of surgery by personalized intake of plant compounds that may regulate the switch from health to disease in an epigenetic manner. Our review provides current insights into the mechanisms underlying HBA response in obese surgical patients and how they are modulated by epigenetically active food constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Agrimi
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlotta Baroni
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ekene Anakor
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lionetti
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.,UOS Anesthesiology, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
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Serrano HDA, Mariezcurrena-Berasain MA, Del Carmen Gutiérrez Castillo A, Carranza BV, Pliego AB, Rojas MT, Anele UY, Salem AZM, Rivas-Caceres RR. Antimicrobial resistance of three common molecularly identified pathogenic bacteria to Allium aqueous extracts. Microb Pathog 2020; 142:104028. [PMID: 32045644 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the in vitro bacterial inhibition of different types of garlic on Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. The bacterial strains were molecularly identified using gen 16S rDNA molecular identification. Four different types of garlics were used: 1) white, 2) Japanese, 3) elephant and 3) black, and these were evaluated at two different concentrations (0.25 and 0.125 g/mL) per garlic type. Bioactive compounds present in the garlics were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV), and total polyphenols were quantified by the Folin-Ciocalteu technique. The Kirby-Bauber method was used for the bacterial evaluation. Aqueous extract of black garlic had the highest amount of polyphenols 6.26 ± 0.21 mg GAE/mL. The area of inhibition was measured and classified as sensitive, intermediate or resistant. Using the disc diffusion assay, higher concentration (0.25 g/mL) of aqueous extract of white garlic had the highest antibacterial activity area, with 21.46 ± 3.94 mm for L. monocytogenes, 20.61 ± 2.47 mm for S. aureus and 17.83 ± 2.21 mm for E. coli. White garlic had comparable antimicrobial activity as the control (tetracycline at 30 μg) as indicated by the size of the inhibition halos. Based on your results, white garlic can be used as an alternative to synthetic antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor D Arzate Serrano
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Toluca, México, C.P. 50090, Mexico
| | - María A Mariezcurrena-Berasain
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Toluca, México, C.P. 50090, Mexico.
| | | | - Benjamín Valladares Carranza
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Toluca, México, C.P. 50090, Mexico
| | - Alberto Barbabosa Pliego
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Toluca, México, C.P. 50090, Mexico
| | - Martín Talavera Rojas
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Toluca, México, C.P. 50090, Mexico
| | - Uchenna Y Anele
- North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, 27411, USA
| | - Abdelfattah Z M Salem
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Toluca, México, C.P. 50090, Mexico
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Yamaguchi Y, Kumagai H. Characteristics, biosynthesis, decomposition, metabolism and functions of the garlic odour precursor, S-allyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:1528-1535. [PMID: 32010334 PMCID: PMC6966203 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
S-Allyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide (ACSO) is an odour precursor in garlic bulbs. One plausible pathway for the biosynthesis of ACSO involves S-2-carboxypropyl glutathione produced from glutathione and methacrylic acid via valine or from γ-glutamyl cysteine. The elimination of glycine and glutamic acid from S-2-carboxypropyl glutathione produces S-2-carboxypropyl cysteine, which is converted to S-allyl cysteine by decarboxylation and oxidation. S-Allyl cysteine is also biosynthesized via the elimination of glutamic acid from γ-glutamyl S-allyl cysteine by γ-glutamyl transpeptidase. The sulfur oxidation of S-allyl cysteine by flavin-containing monooxygenase forms ACSO. When cells are damaged by slicing or grating, ACSO in the cytoplasm or cytoplasmic vesicle is immediately converted to allylsulfenic acid, pyruvic acid, and ammonia by alliinase (C-S lyase), which is located in the vacuoles of vascular bundle sheath cells. Two molecules of allylsulfenic acid form diallyl thiosulfinate (allicin), which exhibits potent antimicrobial activity. Allicin eventually yields garlic odour compounds, such as diallyl disulfide (DADS) and diallyl trisulfide (DATS). Although these sulfides are known to exert various physiological functions, their strong odour limits their use in foods. On the other hand, ACSO is water-soluble and odourless and enhances sweet, salty, and umami tastes, characteristics of which are desirable for food additives. Upon consumption, ACSO is primarily absorbed from the small intestine in the intact form, but is also partly decomposed to allylsulfenic acid, pyruvic acid and ammonia. Allylsulfenic acid is then further converted to DADS and diallyl monosulfide (DAS). ACSO has numerous in vivo functions, such as the prevention of diabetes, myocardial ischaemia, hepatic injury, platelet aggregation and blood ethanol elevation. Although some of these effects may be attributed to its metabolites, ACSO itself contributes to many of these physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Nihon University, Fujisawa-shi 252-0880, Japan
| | - Hitomi Kumagai
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Nihon University, Fujisawa-shi 252-0880, Japan
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Mohamad HE, Asker ME, Keshawy MM, Abdel Aal SM, Mahmoud YK. Infliximab ameliorates tumor necrosis factor-alpha exacerbated renal insulin resistance induced in rats by regulating insulin signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 872:172959. [PMID: 32004528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.172959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Infliximab (IFX), a monoclonal antibody for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), is known to restore blood glucose homeostasis. However, its effects on improving renal insulin resistance (IR) are not yet studied. So we investigate the impact of infliximab on renal insulin signaling pathway in IR rat model regarding to metformin (MET). The induced IR was confirmed by a high oral glucose tolerance test, an elevation of lipid profile and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance 2 (HOMA-IR 2) values. Subsequently, IR rats were concurrently treated with either MET (100 mg/kg/day) or IFX (one dose 5 mg/kg) besides IR and normal control (NC) groups. Four weeks later, IR control rats displayed hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and elevation in HOMA-IR 2, renal function markers and renal tissue TNF-α, interleukins-1β and 6 (Il-1β, IL-6) and suppressor of cytokines signaling 3 (SOCS3) contents as well as glomerulosclerosis when compared to NC group. Additionally, the phosphorylation of renal insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (Akt) were markedly impaired. Treatment with either MET or IFX significantly improved IR and kidney functions. The effects of the drugs were achieved by the downregulation of renal inflammatory cytokines and SOCS3 levels and the amelioration of the renal IRS1/PI3K/Akt pathway. In conclusion, MET and IFX ameliorated the TNF-α worsening effect on IR in rat renal tissues by regulating insulin signaling. Interestingly, infliximab was superior to metformin in regulating insulin signaling pathway. Therefore, infliximab could be used as an adjuvant therapy in improving renal IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda E Mohamad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Mervat E Asker
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M Keshawy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Ismailia, 41522, Suez Canal University, Egypt
| | - Sara M Abdel Aal
- Department of Histology& Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Yasmin K Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
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Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-α enhanced the antifibrotic effect of empagliflozin in an animal model with renal insulin resistance. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 466:45-54. [PMID: 31933108 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03686-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) has emerged as one of the main risk factors for renal fibrosis (RF) that represents a common stage in almost all chronic kidney disease. The present study aims to investigate the inhibitory effect of empagliflozin (EMPA "a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor") and infliximab [IFX "a tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) antibody"] on RF in rats with induced IR. IR was induced by adding 10% fructose in drinking water for 20 weeks. Thereafter, fructose-induced IR rats were concurrently treated with EMPA (30 mg/kg), IFX (1 dose 5 mg/kg), or EMPA + IFX for 4 weeks, in addition to IR control group (received 10% fructose in water) and normal control (NC) group. Rats with IR displayed hyperglycemia, deterioration in kidney functions, glomerulosclerosis, and collagen fiber deposition in renal tissues as compared to NC. This was associated with downregulation of the renal sirtuin 1 (Sirt 1) expression along with higher renal tissue TNF-α and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) levels. Both EMPA and IFX significantly modulated the aforementioned fibrotic cytokines, upregulated the renal Sirt 1 expression, and attenuated RF compared to IR control group. Of note, IFX effect was superior to that of EMPA. However, the combination of EMPA and IFX alleviated RF to a greater extent surpassing the monotherapy. This may be attributed to the further upregulation of renal Sirt 1 in addition to the downregulation of fibrotic cytokines. These findings suggest that the combination of EMPA and IFX offers additional benefits and may represent a promising therapeutic option for RF.
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Millán I, Desco MDC, Torres-Cuevas I, Pérez S, Pulido I, Mena-Mollá S, Mataix J, Asensi M, Ortega ÁL. Pterostilbene Prevents Early Diabetic Retinopathy Alterations in a Rabbit Experimental Model. Nutrients 2019; 12:nu12010082. [PMID: 31892189 PMCID: PMC7019414 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress generated by diabetes plays a key role in the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR), a common diabetic complication. DR remains asymptomatic until it reaches advanced stages, which complicate its treatment. Although it is known that good metabolic control is essential for preventing DR, knowledge of the disease is incomplete and an effective treatment with no side effects is lacking. Pterostilbene (Pter), a natural stilbene with good antioxidant activity, has proved to beneficially affect different pathologies, including diabetes. Therefore, our study aimed to analyse the protective and/or therapeutic capacity of Pter against oxidant damage by characterising early retinal alterations induced by hyperglycaemia, and its possible mechanism of action in a rabbit model of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Pter reduced lipid and protein oxidative damage, and recovered redox status and the main activities of antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, the redox regulation by Pter was associated with activation of the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β/NRF2 pathway. Our results show that Pter is a powerful protective agent that may delay early DR development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Millán
- Health Research Institute La Fe, Neonatal Research Group, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (I.M.); (I.T.-C.)
| | - María del Carmen Desco
- FISABIO Oftalmología Médica, Vitreo-retina unit, Bif. Pío Baroja General Avilés s/n, 46015 Valencia, Spain; (M.d.C.D.); (J.M.)
| | - Isabel Torres-Cuevas
- Health Research Institute La Fe, Neonatal Research Group, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (I.M.); (I.T.-C.)
| | - Salvador Pérez
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Vicente Andrés Estellés Av. s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (S.P.); (I.P.); (S.M.-M.); (M.A.)
| | - Inés Pulido
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Vicente Andrés Estellés Av. s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (S.P.); (I.P.); (S.M.-M.); (M.A.)
| | - Salvador Mena-Mollá
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Vicente Andrés Estellés Av. s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (S.P.); (I.P.); (S.M.-M.); (M.A.)
| | - Jorge Mataix
- FISABIO Oftalmología Médica, Vitreo-retina unit, Bif. Pío Baroja General Avilés s/n, 46015 Valencia, Spain; (M.d.C.D.); (J.M.)
| | - Miguel Asensi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Vicente Andrés Estellés Av. s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (S.P.); (I.P.); (S.M.-M.); (M.A.)
| | - Ángel Luis Ortega
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Vicente Andrés Estellés Av. s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (S.P.); (I.P.); (S.M.-M.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-9-6354-3817
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Adebayo AA, Oboh G, Ademosun AO. Almond-supplemented diet improves sexual functions beyond Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition in diabetic male rats. Heliyon 2019; 5:e03035. [PMID: 31890965 PMCID: PMC6928307 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia, an important feature of diabetes, can cause oxidative stress, which is associated with varieties of diabetic complications including erectile dysfunction. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the effect of almond-supplemented diet on some biochemical indices relevant to erection in diabetic male rats. Forty-two male rats were divided into two groups: A (n = 6) and B (n = 36). Diabetes was induced in Group B via injection of a single dose of STZ (50 mg/kg) intraperitoneally and confirmed 72 h after induction. Diabetic rats (blood glucose ≥250 mg/dL) were subsequently divided into six groups (n = 6). Fourteen days after confirmation of diabetes, rats were fed with diets containing almond drupe and seeds (10 and 20% inclusion) for fourteen days. The effects of the diets on blood glucose, sexual behavior, sexual hormones, phosphodiesterase-5 activity, nitric oxide, H2S, and AGEs levels were evaluated. Significant increase in blood glucose level, phosphodiesterase-5 activity, and glycated hemoglobin was observed in diabetic rats. Furthermore, diabetes caused a significant decrease in nitric oxide, H2S, sexual hormones (testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone) levels, and sexual behavioral indices. However, treatment with diets supplemented with almond drupe and seeds significantly reversed these effects in diabetic rats. Findings in this study revealed that almond-supplemented diets enhance some important biomarkers relevant to erection in diabetic rats. Thus, dietary inclusion of almond (drupe and seeds) could serve as a cheap and readily available nutraceutical in the management of erectile dysfunction associated with diabetes.
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Park SJ, Lee D, Kim D, Lee M, In G, Han ST, Kim SW, Lee MH, Kim OK, Lee J. The non-saponin fraction of Korean Red Ginseng (KGC05P0) decreases glucose uptake and transport in vitro and modulates glucose production via down-regulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway in vivo. J Ginseng Res 2019; 44:362-372. [PMID: 32148419 PMCID: PMC7031776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The non-saponin fraction of Korean Red Ginseng has been reported to have many biological activities. However, the effect of this fraction on anti-diabetic activity has not been elucidated in detail. In this study, we investigated the effects of KGC05P0, a non-saponin fraction of Korean Red Ginseng, on anti-diabetic activity in vitro and in vivo. Methods We measured the inhibition of commercially obtained α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities in vitro and measured the glucose uptake and transport rate in Caco-2 cells. C57BL/6J mice and C57BLKS/Jdb/db (diabetic) mice were fed diets with or without KGC05P0 for eight weeks. To perform the experiments, the groups were divided as follows: normal control (C57BL/6J mice), db/db control (C57BLKS/Jdb/db mice), positive control (inulin 400 mg/kg b.w.), low (KGC05P0 100 mg/kg b.w.), medium (KGC05P0 200 mg/kg b.w.), and high (KGC05P0 400 mg/kg b.w.). Results KGC05P0 inhibited α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities in vitro, and decreased glucose uptake and transport rate in Caco-2 cells. In addition, KGC05P0 regulated fasting glucose level, glucose tolerance, insulin, HbA1c, carbonyl contents, and proinflammatory cytokines in blood from diabetic mice and significantly reduced urinary glucose excretion levels. Moreover, we found that KGC05P0 regulated glucose production by down-regulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, which inhibited gluconeogenesis. Conclusion Our study thereby demonstrated that KGC05P0 exerted anti-diabetic effects through inhibition of glucose absorption and the PI3K/AKT pathway in in vitro and in vivo models of diabetes. Our results suggest that KGC05P0 could be developed as a complementary food to help prevent T2DM and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jeung Park
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasom Lee
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dakyung Kim
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhee Lee
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyo In
- Korea Ginseng Corporation Research Institute, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Tai Han
- Korea Ginseng Corporation Research Institute, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Won Kim
- Korea Ginseng Corporation Research Institute, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Hyang Lee
- Korea Ginseng Corporation Research Institute, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Kyung Kim
- Division of Food and Nutrition and Research Institute for Human Ecology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Lee
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Tsai BCK, Hsieh DJY, Lin WT, Tamilselvi S, Day CH, Ho TJ, Chang RL, Viswanadha VP, Kuo CH, Huang CY. Functional potato bioactive peptide intensifies Nrf2-dependent antioxidant defense against renal damage in hypertensive rats. Food Res Int 2019; 129:108862. [PMID: 32036911 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension, which is known as a silent killer, is the second leading cause of kidney failure worldwide. Elevated blood pressure causes approximately 7.6 million deaths, which account for ~13.5% of the total deaths and will continue to rise. High blood pressure is the prime risk factor associated with complications in major organs, including the heart, brain and kidney. High blood pressure accelerates oxidative stress and thereby causes organ dysfunction through the production of reactive oxygen species. In this study, we investigated the renal-protective effects of the bioactive peptide IF from alcalase potato protein hydrolysate in spontaneously hypertensive rat kidney. Sixteen-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats were divided into three groups (n = 6), and Sixteen-week-old Wistar Kyoto rats (n = 6) served as the control group. The rats were administered IF and captopril via oral gavage for 8 weeks and then sacrificed, and their kidneys were harvested. The kidney sections from the rats treated with IF showed restoration of the structure of the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule. The expression levels of Nrf2-mediated antioxidants were also increased, as confirmed by 4-hydroxynonenal immunohistochemical staining. The TUNEL assay revealed a significant reduction in the number of apoptotic cells in the IF-treated groups, which was consistent with the western blot results. Thus, the bioactive peptide IF exerts potential protective effects against hypertension-associated ROS-mediated renal damage via the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant pathway along the DJ-1 and AKT axes. Hence, we speculate that IF might have promising therapeutic effects on renal damage associated with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Chi-Kang Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Aging Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Dennis Jine-Yuan Hsieh
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Teng Lin
- Department of Hospitality Management, College of Agriculture, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shanmugam Tamilselvi
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cecilia Hsuan Day
- Department of Nursing, Mei Ho University, Pingguang Road, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Lin Chang
- College of Chinese Medicine, School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | | | - Chia-Hua Kuo
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Aging Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien 970, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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