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Banerjee A, Singh P, Sheikh PA, Kumar A, Koul V, Bhattacharyya J. Simultaneous regulation of AGE/RAGE signaling and MMP-9 expression by an immunomodulating hydrogel accelerates healing in diabetic wounds. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 163:213937. [PMID: 38968788 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE In chronic hyperglycemia, the advanced glycation end product (AGE) interacts with its receptor (RAGE) and contributes to impaired wound healing by inducing oxidative stress, generating dysfunctional macrophages, and prolonging the inflammatory response. Additionally, uncontrolled levels of proteases, including metallomatrix protease-9 (MMP-9), in the diabetic wound bed degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM) and biological cues that augment healing. A multifunctional antimicrobial hydrogel (Immuno-gel) containing RAGE and MMP-9 inhibitors can regulate the wound microenvironment and promote scar-free healing. RESULTS Immuno-gel was characterized and the wound healing efficacy was determined in vitro cell culture and in vivo diabetic Wistar rat wound model using ELISA, Western blot, and Immunofluorescence staining. The Immuno-gel exhibited a highly porous morphology with excellent in vitro cytocompatibility. AGE-stimulated macrophages treated with the Immuno-gel released higher levels of pro-healing cytokines in vitro. In the hydrogel-wound interface of diabetic Wistar rats, Immuno-gel treatment significantly reduced MMP-9 and NF-κB expression and enhanced pro-healing (M2) macrophage population and pro-healing cytokines. CONCLUSION Altogether, this study suggests that Immuno-gel simultaneously attenuates macrophage dysfunction through the inhibition of AGE/RAGE signaling and reduces MMP-9 overexpression, both of which favor scar-free healing. The combinatorial treatment with RAGE and MMP-9 inhibitors via Immuno-gel simultaneously modulates the diabetic wound microenvironment, making it a promising novel treatment to accelerate diabetic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahana Banerjee
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India; Department of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Science, Delhi, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Prerna Singh
- Department of Biological sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kalyanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India; Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kalyanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Parvaiz A Sheikh
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biological sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kalyanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India; Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kalyanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India; The Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kalyanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India; Centre of Excellence for Orthopedics and Prosthetics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kalyanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India; Gangwal School of Medical Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kalyanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Veena Koul
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India; Department of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Science, Delhi, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Jayanta Bhattacharyya
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India; Department of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Science, Delhi, New Delhi 110029, India.
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Cai J, Yan X, Liu X, Yin X, Shi A, Ji C, Cao Y. Human β-casein-derived peptide BCCY-1 improved the intestinal barrier integrity by regulating the TLR4/eNOS/3-Nitrotyrosine axis. Food Chem 2024; 463:140821. [PMID: 39244994 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a lethal gastrointestinal disease affecting premature infants. Although earlier studies have highlighted protective effects of milk-derived peptides against NEC, the role of the human β-casein-derived peptide BCCY-1 in intestinal barrier protection has never been investigated. Here, we showed that BCCY-1 alleviated the phenotype of NEC, reduced intestinal expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and interleukin-6, and improved the intestinal barrier integrity. NEC-associated multi-organ injury and impaired bone marrow hematopoiesis were also attenuated by BCCY-1. Metabolic screening revealed significant changes in intestinal metabolites in the NEC and NEC + BCCY-1 groups. Further analysis disclosed inhibition of 3-Nitrotyrosine formation due to the preservation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity, which was associated with the interactions between BCCY-1 and lipopolysaccharides, leading to disruption of TLR4 signaling. Our findings suggested that BCCY-1 improved intestinal barrier integrity through modulating the TLR4/eNOS/3-Nitrotyrosine axis, highlighting its potential role in the maintenance of intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Cai
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing 210004, Jiangsu, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangyun Yan
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing 210004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing 210004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yin
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing 210004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aiwu Shi
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing 210004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenbo Ji
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing 210004, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yan Cao
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing 210004, Jiangsu, China.
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Manganaro JE, Emanuel K, Lamberty BG, George JW, Stauch KL. Pink1/Parkin deficiency alters circulating lymphocyte populations and increases platelet-T cell aggregates in rats. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4431604. [PMID: 38854001 PMCID: PMC11160909 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4431604/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder and results from the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Pink1 and Parkin are proteins that function together in mitochondrial quality control, and when they carry loss-of-function mutations lead to familial forms of PD. While much research has focused on central nervous system alterations in PD, peripheral contributions to PD pathogenesis are increasingly appreciated. We report Pink1/Parkin regulate glycolytic and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from rats. Pink1/Parkin deficiency induces changes in the circulating lymphocyte populations, namely increased CD4 + T cells and decreased CD8 + T cells and B cells. Loss of Pink1/Parkin leads to elevated platelet counts in the blood and increased platelet-T cell aggregation. Platelet-lymphocyte aggregates are associated with increased thrombosis risk, and venous thrombosis is a cause of sudden death in PD, suggesting targeting the Pink1/Parkin pathway in the periphery has therapeutic potential.
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Pinkerton JW, Preite S, Piras A, Zervas D, Markou T, Freeman MS, Hofving T, Ivarsson E, Bonvini SJ, Brailsford W, Yrlid L, Belvisi MG, Birrell MA. PI3Kγδ inhibition suppresses key disease features in a rat model of asthma. Respir Res 2024; 25:175. [PMID: 38654248 PMCID: PMC11040934 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02814-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two isoforms of Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), p110γ and p110δ, are predominantly expressed in leukocytes and represent attractive therapeutic targets for the treatment of allergic asthma. The study aim was to assess the impact of administration of an inhaled PI3Kγδ inhibitor (AZD8154) in a rat model of asthma. METHODS Firstly, we checked that the tool compound, AZD8154, inhibited rat PI3K γ & δ kinases using rat cell-based assays. Subsequently, a time-course study was conducted in a rat model of asthma to assess PI3K activity in the lung and how it is temporally associated with other key transcription pathways and asthma like features of the model. Finally, the impact on lung dosed AZD8154 on target engagement, pathway specificity, airway inflammation and lung function changes was assessed. RESULTS Data showed that AZD8154 could inhibit rat PI3K γ & δ isoforms and, in a rat model of allergic asthma the PI3K pathway was activated in the lung. Intratracheal administration of AZD8154 caused a dose related suppression PI3K pathway activation (reduction in pAkt) and unlike after budesonide treatment, STAT and NF-κB pathways were not affected by AZD8154. The suppression of the PI3K pathway led to a marked inhibition of airway inflammation and reduction in changes in lung function. CONCLUSION These data show that a dual PI3Kγδ inhibitor suppress key features of disease in a rat model of asthma to a similar degree as budesonide and indicate that dual PI3Kγδ inhibition may be an effective treatment for people suffering from allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Pinkerton
- Early Respiratory & Immunology, Biopharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Respiratory Pharmacology group, Airway Disease section, NHLI, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Silvia Preite
- Early Respiratory & Immunology, Biopharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Antonio Piras
- Early Respiratory & Immunology, Biopharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dimitrios Zervas
- Early Respiratory & Immunology, Biopharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Respiratory Pharmacology group, Airway Disease section, NHLI, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Thomais Markou
- Early Respiratory & Immunology, Biopharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Respiratory Pharmacology group, Airway Disease section, NHLI, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Mark S Freeman
- Early Respiratory & Immunology, Biopharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Respiratory Pharmacology group, Airway Disease section, NHLI, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Tobias Hofving
- Early Respiratory & Immunology, Biopharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emil Ivarsson
- Early Respiratory & Immunology, Biopharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sara J Bonvini
- Early Respiratory & Immunology, Biopharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Respiratory Pharmacology group, Airway Disease section, NHLI, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Wayne Brailsford
- Early Respiratory & Immunology, Biopharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Linda Yrlid
- Early Respiratory & Immunology, Biopharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria G Belvisi
- Early Respiratory & Immunology, Biopharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Respiratory Pharmacology group, Airway Disease section, NHLI, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Mark A Birrell
- Early Respiratory & Immunology, Biopharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Respiratory Pharmacology group, Airway Disease section, NHLI, Imperial College, London, UK.
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Joers V, Murray BC, McLaughlin C, Oliver D, Staley H, Coronado J, Achat-Mendes C, Golshani S, Kelly SD, Goodson M, Lee D, Manfredsson FP, Moore BM, Tansey MG. Modulation of cannabinoid receptor 2 alters neuroinflammation and reduces formation of alpha-synuclein aggregates in a rat model of nigral synucleinopathy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.08.25.554814. [PMID: 38562842 PMCID: PMC10983852 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.25.554814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Research into the disequilibrium of microglial phenotypes has become an area of intense focus in neurodegenerative disease as a potential mechanism that contributes to chronic neuroinflammation and neuronal loss in Parkinson's disease (PD). There is growing evidence that neuroinflammation accompanies and may promote progression of alpha-synuclein (Asyn)-induced nigral dopaminergic (DA) degeneration. From a therapeutic perspective, development of immunomodulatory strategies that dampen overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines from chronically activated immune cells and induce a pro-phagocytic phenotype is expected to promote Asyn removal and protect vulnerable neurons. Cannabinoid receptor-2 (CB2) is highly expressed on activated microglia and peripheral immune cells, is upregulated in the substantia nigra of individuals with PD and in mouse models of nigral degeneration. Furthermore, modulation of CB2 protects against rotenone-induced nigral degeneration; however, CB2 has not been pharmacologically and selectively targeted in an Asyn model of PD. Here, we report that 7 weeks of peripheral administration of CB2 inverse agonist SMM-189 reduced phosphorylated (pSer129) alpha-synuclein in the substantia nigra compared to vehicle treatment. Additionally, SMM-189 delayed Asyn-induced immune cell infiltration into the brain as determined by flow cytometry, increased CD68 protein expression, and elevated wound-healing-immune-mediator gene expression. Additionally, peripheral immune cells increased wound-healing non-classical monocytes and decreased pro-inflammatory classical monocytes. In vitro analysis of RAW264.7 macrophages treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and SMM-189 revealed increased phagocytosis as measured by the uptake of fluorescence of pHrodo E. coli bioparticles. Together, results suggest that targeting CB2 with SMM-189 skews immune cell function toward a phagocytic phenotype and reduces toxic aggregated species of Asyn. Our novel findings demonstrate that CB2 may be a target to modulate inflammatory and immune responses in proteinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Joers
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | | | - Danielle Oliver
- Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hannah Staley
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jazmyn Coronado
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - Sanam Golshani
- Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sean D Kelly
- Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Matthew Goodson
- Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Danica Lee
- Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Fredric P Manfredsson
- Parkinson's Disease Research Unit, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Bob M Moore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Malú Gámez Tansey
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida
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Kawakami Z, Matsubara Y, Ogura K, Imamura S, Iizuka S, Zhang N, Matsumoto C, Fujitsuka N. Effect of Goreisan, a Traditional Japanese Medicine, on Rat Hindlimb Lymphedema. Biol Pharm Bull 2024; 47:1179-1188. [PMID: 38880626 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Secondary lymphedema occurs after cancer surgery involving lymph node dissection owing to the lymphatic system dysfunction. However, the pathophysiology of lymphedema and the molecular pathways involved remain unknown. This study aimed to develop a rat hindlimb lymphedema model and investigate the mechanisms that drive pathophysiology and the effects of the traditional Japanese medicine goreisan on lymphedema. The rat lymphedema model was induced by combination surgeries of popliteal lymph node dissection, skin cautery incision, and fascial ablation coagulation in the right hindlimb using male Wistar rats. The foot volume was significantly increased, and recovery was delayed by combination surgeries. Dermal thickness and dilated lymphatic vessels of the hindlimb were observed on postoperative day 2. The number of infiltrating leukocytes (CD45+ cells), including CD4+ T-cells, increased in the lymphedema group compared with that in the sham group. The relative mRNA expression and protein levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), and Fms-related receptor tyrosine kinase 4 (FLT4) were significantly higher in the lymphedema group than in the sham group. Foot volume was decreased by goreisan, furosemide, and prednisolone treatments. Goreisan diminished the increase in CD4+ T-cells, and the same trend was observed for CCL2 and FLT4 expression. In conclusion, the rat hindlimb lymphedema model in this study exhibited increased foot volume, skin-infiltrating cells, and pathological changes accompanied by inflammatory and fibrotic responses, suggesting that the model presented significant clinical features of lymphedema. Goreisan may exert a therapeutic effect on lymphedema by inhibiting CD4+ T-cell infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nana Zhang
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co
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Jerigova V, Zeman M, Okuliarova M. Chronodisruption of the acute inflammatory response by night lighting in rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14109. [PMID: 37644084 PMCID: PMC10465576 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41266-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Daily oscillations are present in many aspects of the immune system, including responsiveness to infections, allowing temporal alignment of defence mechanisms with the external environment. Our study addresses whether compromised circadian timing function by dim artificial light at night (ALAN) impacts the time dependency of the acute inflammatory response in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. After 2 weeks of exposure to low-intensity ALAN (~2 lx) or a standard light/dark cycle, male rats were challenged with LPS during either the day or the night. Dim ALAN attenuated the anorectic response when rats were stimulated during their early light phase. Next, ALAN suppressed daily variability in inflammatory changes in blood leukocyte numbers and increased the daytime sensitivity of neutrophils to the priming effects of LPS on oxidative burst. An altered renal inflammatory response in ALAN-exposed rats was manifested by stimulated T-cell infiltration into the kidney upon night-time LPS injection and the modified rhythmic response of genes involved in inflammatory pathways. Moreover, ALAN disturbed steady-state oscillations of the renal molecular clock and eliminated the inflammatory responsiveness of Rev-erbα. Altogether, dim ALAN impaired time-of-day-dependent sensitivity of inflammatory processes, pointing out a causal mechanism between light pollution and negative health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viera Jerigova
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Zeman
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Monika Okuliarova
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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王 姗, 蔡 金, 史 爱, 曹 彦. [Effect of gut microbiota homeostasis on hematopoiesis in a neonatal rat model of necrotizing enterocolitis]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2023; 25:855-863. [PMID: 37668035 PMCID: PMC10484087 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2301082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the effect of gut microbiota on hematopoiesis in a neonatal rat model of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). METHODS Neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group and a model group (NEC group), with 6 rats in each group. Formula milk combined with hypoxia and cold stimulation was used to establish a neonatal rat model of NEC. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the pathological changes of intestinal tissue and hematopoiesis-related organs. Routine blood tests were conducted for each group. Immunohistochemistry was used to observe the changes in specific cells in hematopoiesis-related organs. Flow cytometry was used to measure the changes in specific cells in bone marrow. 16S rDNA sequencing was used to observe the composition and abundance of gut microbiota. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the NEC group had intestinal congestion and necrosis, damage, atrophy, and shedding of intestinal villi, and a significant increase in NEC histological score. Compared with the control group, the NEC group had significantly lower numbers of peripheral blood leukocytes and lymphocytes (P<0.05), nucleated cells in the spleen, thymus, and bone marrow, and small cell aggregates with basophilic nuclei in the liver (P<0.05). The NEC group had significant reductions in CD71+ erythroid progenitor cells in the liver, CD45+ lymphocytes in the spleen and bone marrow, CD3+ T lymphocytes in thymus, and the proportion of CD45+CD3-CD43+SSChi neutrophils in bone marrow (P<0.05). There was a significant difference in the composition of gut microbiota between the NEC and control groups, and the NEC group had a significant reduction in the abundance of Ligilactobacillus and a significant increase in the abundance of Escherichia-Shigella (P<0.05), which replaced Ligilactobacillus and became the dominant flora. CONCLUSIONS Multi-lineage hematopoietic disorder may be observed in a neonatal rat model of NEC, which may be associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis and abnormal multiplication of the pathogenic bacteria Escherichia-Shigella.
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Affiliation(s)
- 姗姗 王
- 南京医科大学生殖医学国家重点实验室,江苏南京211166
| | - 金洋 蔡
- 南京医科大学生殖医学国家重点实验室,江苏南京211166
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9
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Lamberty BG, Estrella LD, Mattingly JE, Emanuel K, Trease A, Totusek S, Sheldon L, George JW, Almikhlafi MA, Farmer T, Stauch KL. Parkinson's disease relevant pathological features are manifested in male Pink1/Parkin deficient rats. Brain Behav Immun Health 2023; 31:100656. [PMID: 37484197 PMCID: PMC10362548 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal disease models are important for neuroscience experimentation and in the study of neurodegenerative disorders. The major neurodegenerative disorder leading to motor impairments is Parkinson's disease (PD). The identification of hereditary forms of PD uncovered gene mutations and variants, such as loss-of-function mutations in PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (Pink1) and the E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin, two proteins involved in mitochondrial quality control, that could be harnessed to create animal models. However, to date, such models have not reproducibly recapitulated major aspects of the disease. Here, we describe the generation and phenotypic characterization of a combined Pink1/Parkin double knockout (dKO) rat, which reproducibly exhibits PD-relevant abnormalities, particularly in male animals. Motor dysfunction in Pink1/Parkin dKO rats was characterized by gait abnormalities and decreased rearing frequency, the latter of which was responsive to levodopa treatment. Pink1/Parkin dKO rats exhibited elevated plasma levels of neurofilament light chain and significant loss of tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Glial cell activation was also observed in the SNpc. Pink1/Parkin dKO rats showed elevated plasma and reduced cerebrospinal levels of alpha-synuclein as well as the presence of alpha-synuclein aggregates in the striatum. Further, the profile of circulating lymphocytes was altered, as elevated CD3+CD4+ T cells and reduced CD3+CD8+ T cells in Pink1/Parkin dKO rats were found. This coincided with mitochondrial dysfunction and infiltration of CD3+ T cells in the striatum. Altogether, the Pink1/Parkin dKO rats exhibited phenotypes similar to what is seen with PD patients, thus highlighting the suitability of this model for mechanistic studies of the role of Pink1 and Parkin in PD pathogenesis and as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kelly L. Stauch
- Corresponding author. Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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10
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Warmink K, Rios JL, van Valkengoed DR, Vinod P, Korthagen NM, Weinans H. Effects of different obesogenic diets on joint integrity, inflammation and intermediate monocyte levels in a rat groove model of osteoarthritis. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1211972. [PMID: 37520829 PMCID: PMC10372350 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1211972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Obesogenic diets aggravate osteoarthritis (OA) by inducing low-grade systemic inflammation, and diet composition may affect OA severity. Here, we investigated the effect of diet on joint damage and inflammation in an OA rat model. Methods: Wistar-Han rats (n = 24) were fed a chow, a high-fat (HF) diet, or a high-fat/high-sucrose (HFS) for 24 weeks. OA was induced unilaterally 12 weeks after the diet onset by groove surgery, and compared to sham surgery or no surgical intervention (contralateral limb). Knee OA severity was determined by OARSI histopathology scoring system. At several timepoints monocyte populations were measured using flow cytometry, and joint macrophage response was determined via CD68 immunohistochemistry staining. Results: Groove surgery combined with HF or HFS diet resulted in higher OARSI scores, and both HF and HFS diet showed increased circulating intermediate monocytes compared to chow fed rats. Additionally, in the HFS group, minimal damage by sham surgery resulted in an increased OARSI score. HFS diet resulted in the largest metabolic dysregulation, synovial inflammation and increased CD68 staining in tibia epiphysis bone marrow. Conclusion: Obesogenic diets resulted in aggravated OA development, even with very minimal joint damage when combined with the sucrose/fat-rich diet. We hypothesize that diet-induced low-grade inflammation primes monocytes and macrophages in the blood, bone marrow, and synovium, resulting in joint damage when triggered by groove OA inducing surgery. When the metabolic dysregulation is larger, as observed here for the HFS diet, the surgical trigger required to induce joint damage may be smaller, or even redundant.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Warmink
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - J. L. Rios
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - D. R. van Valkengoed
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - P. Vinod
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - N. M. Korthagen
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Equine Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - H. Weinans
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, TU Delft, Delft, Netherlands
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11
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Hou A, Tin MQ, Fenner B, Liu YC, Tong L. Conjunctival infiltrates and cytokines in an experimental immune-mediated blepharoconjunctivitis rat model. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1200589. [PMID: 37448795 PMCID: PMC10338090 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1200589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To characterize the histopathological and immunological findings of a rat model of allergic blepharoconjunctivitis (BC) and demonstrate its potential utility for the assessment of BC therapies. Methods Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were immunized with ovalbumin (OVA) and topically challenged with OVA (BC group) or PBS (control group), while a corticosteroid group was pre-treated with triamcinolone acetate 24 h before the challenge. Morphological features were evaluated and tissues were harvested for histological, flow cytometry and cytokine analysis. Results The BC group rats developed eyelid excoriations, redness, and conjunctival edema 24 h after the OVA challenge, while corticosteroid pre-treated and PBS-challenged rats were unaffected. The BC features were reduced despite repeated challenges for 5 days. Massive immune cell infiltration was observed in conjunctivae of BC rats, while no significant infiltration was seen in the other groups. Populations of T cells, mono-macrophages, neutrophils, and NK cells made up more than 77% of CD45+7AAD- cells in the conjunctival tissues. T cell proportions were increased at 96 h compared to 24 h post-challenge, while macrophages decreased during the same time period. Eosinophils and intraepithelial neutrophils were detected in the BC rats, but not in the PBS and corticosteroid groups. BC eyes had significantly higher levels of IFN-γ and IL-2, while IL-4 and IL-6 levels were similar to controls. Conclusion A robust BC response was detected in this rat model which was suppressed by corticosteroid pre-treatment. Immune cell composition and cytokine profiles changed over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Hou
- Ocular Surface Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Min Qi Tin
- Ocular Surface Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Beau Fenner
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medical Retina, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu-Chi Liu
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Corneal and External Eye Disease Service, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Louis Tong
- Ocular Surface Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Corneal and External Eye Disease Service, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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12
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Shao L, Wu B, Liu C, Chong W. VALPROIC ACID INHIBITS CLASSICAL MONOCYTE-DERIVED TISSUE FACTOR AND ALLEVIATES HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK-INDUCED ACUTE LUNG INJURY IN RATS. Shock 2023; 59:449-459. [PMID: 36443067 PMCID: PMC9997640 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background: Monocytes and monocyte-derived tissue factor (TF) promote the development of sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Classical monocytes (C-Mcs) can be induced to express TF. Valproic acid (VPA) alleviates hemorrhagic shock (HS)-induced ALI (HS/ALI) and inhibits TF expression in monocytes. We hypothesized that C-Mcs and C-Mc-derived TF promoted HS/ALI and that VPA could inhibit C-Mc-derived TF expression and attenuate HS/ALI. Methods: Wistar rats and THP-1 cells were used to evaluate our hypothesis. Monocyte subtypes were analyzed by flow cytometry; mRNA expression was measured by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction; protein expression was measured by Western blotting, immunofluorescence, or immunohistology; inflammatory cytokines levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; and ALI scores were used to determine the degree of ALI. Results: The blood %C-Mcs and C-Mcs/non-C-Mcs ratios, monocyte TF levels, serum and/or lung inflammatory cytokine levels, and ALI scores of HS rats were significantly increased ( P < 0.05). After monocyte depletion and thrombin inhibition, the inflammatory cytokine levels and ALI scores were significantly decreased ( P < 0.05). VPA reduced the %C-Mcs and C-Mc/non-C-Mc ratios, TF expression, inflammatory cytokine levels, and ALI scores during HS ( P < 0.05) and inhibited HS-induced monocyte Egr-1 and p-ERK1/2 expression ( P < 0.05). VPA inhibited hypoxia-induced TF expression in THP-1 cells by regulating the p-ERK1/2-Egr-1 axis. Conclusion: C-Mcs and C-Mc-derived TF accelerate the development of HS/ALI by increasing thrombin production. VPA inhibits HS-induced C-Mc production of TF by regulating the p-ERK1/2-Egr-1 axis and alleviates HS/ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Shao
- Emergency Department, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Intensive Care Unit, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Intensive Care Unit, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Intensive Care Unit, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Emergency Department, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Emergency Department, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wei Chong
- Emergency Department, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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13
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Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Release following Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury in Newborn Rats Treated with Therapeutic Hypothermia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043598. [PMID: 36835009 PMCID: PMC9966013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The peripheral immune system plays a critical role in neuroinflammation of the central nervous system after an insult. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) induces a strong neuroinflammatory response in neonates, which is often associated with exacerbated outcomes. In adult models of ischemic stroke, neutrophils infiltrate injured brain tissue immediately after an ischemic insult and aggravate inflammation via various mechanisms, including neutrophil extracellular trap (NETs) formation. In this study, we used a neonatal model of experimental hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury and demonstrated that circulating neutrophils were rapidly activated in neonatal blood. We observed an increased infiltration of neutrophils in the brain after exposure to HI. After treatment with either normothermia (NT) or therapeutic hypothermia (TH), we observed a significantly enhanced expression level of the NETosis marker Citrullinated H3 (Cit-H3), which was significantly more pronounced in animals treated with TH than in those treated with NT. NETs and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP-3) inflammasome assembly are closely linked in adult models of ischemic brain injury. In this study, we observed an increase in the activation of the NLRP-3 inflammasome at the time points analyzed, particularly immediately after TH, when we observed a significant increase in NETs structures in the brain. Together, these results suggest the important pathological functions of early arriving neutrophils and NETosis following neonatal HI, particularly after TH treatment, which is a promising starting point for the development of potential new therapeutic targets for neonatal HIE.
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14
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The Role of Myeloperoxidase in Clozapine-Induced Inflammation: A Mechanistic Update for Idiosyncratic Drug-Induced Agranulocytosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021243. [PMID: 36674761 PMCID: PMC9862306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk of idiosyncratic drug-induced agranulocytosis (IDIAG) markedly constrains the use of clozapine, a neuroleptic with unparalleled efficacy. Most clozapine patients experience an early inflammatory response, likely a necessary step in IDIAG onset. However, most patients do not progress to IDIAG, presumably because of the requirement of specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes, T cell receptors, and other unknown factors. We established that clozapine activates inflammasomes and that myeloperoxidase bioactivation of clozapine generates neoantigens, but the connection between these early mechanistic events remained unknown and, thus, was the aim of this work. We found that the myeloperoxidase inhibitor PF-1355 attenuated myeloperoxidase activity in phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-differentiated THP-1 macrophages, and it also attenuated clozapine-induced release of inflammatory mediators (e.g., IL-1β, CXCL1, and C-reactive protein). In vivo, pretreatment of Sprague Dawley rats with PF-1355 significantly attenuated clozapine-induced increases in neutrophil mobilization from the bone marrow to the blood and spleen, as determined using differential blood counts and flow cytometry. Moreover, the clozapine-triggered release of inflammatory mediators (e.g., IL-1β, calprotectin, CXCL1, and α-1-acid glycoprotein) from the liver, spleen, and bone marrow was dampened by myeloperoxidase inhibition. These data support the working hypothesis that oxidation of clozapine to a reactive metabolite by myeloperoxidase is critical for induction of the inflammatory response to clozapine. Ultimately, a better mechanistic understanding of the early events involved in the immune response to clozapine may elucidate ways to prevent IDIAG, enabling safer, more frequent therapeutic use of this and potentially other highly efficacious drugs.
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15
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Adusei KM, Ngo TB, Alfonso AL, Lokwani R, DeStefano S, Karkanitsa M, Spathies J, Goldman SM, Dearth CL, Sadtler KN. Development of a High-Color Flow Cytometry Panel for Immunologic Analysis of Tissue Injury and Reconstruction in a Rat Model. Cells Tissues Organs 2023; 212:84-95. [PMID: 35462366 DOI: 10.1159/000524682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The rat model is an important resource in biomedical research due to its similarities to the human immune system and its use for functional studies. However, because of the preponderance of mouse models in foundational and mechanistic immunological studies, there is a relative lack of diverse, commercially available flow cytometry antibodies for immunological profiling in the rat model. Available antibodies are often conjugated to common fluorophores with similar peak emission wavelengths, making them hard to distinguish on conventional flow cytometers and restricting more comprehensive immune analysis. This can become a limitation when designing immunological studies in rat injury models to investigate the immune response to tissue injury. In addition, this lack of available antibodies limits the number of studies that can be done on the immune populations in lymphoid organs in other research areas. To address this critical unmet need, we designed a spectral flow cytometry panel for rat models. Spectral cytometry distinguishes between different fluorophores by capturing their full emission spectra instead of their peak emission wavelengths. This flow cytometry panel includes 24 distinct immune cell markers to analyze the innate and adaptive immune response. Importantly, this panel identifies different immune phenotypes, including tolerogenic, Type 1, and Type 2 immune responses. We show that this panel can identify unique immune populations and phenotypes in a rat muscle trauma model. We further validated that the panel can identify distinct adaptive and innate immune populations and their unique phenotypes in lymphoid organs. This panel expands the scope of previous rat panels providing a tool for scientists to examine the immune system in homeostasis and injury while pairing mechanistic immunological studies with functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth M Adusei
- Section on Immunoengineering, National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Biomedical Engineering and Technology Acceleration (BETA) Center, National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tran B Ngo
- Section on Immunoengineering, National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Biomedical Engineering and Technology Acceleration (BETA) Center, National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrea L Alfonso
- Section on Immunoengineering, National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Biomedical Engineering and Technology Acceleration (BETA) Center, National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ravi Lokwani
- Section on Immunoengineering, National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Biomedical Engineering and Technology Acceleration (BETA) Center, National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sabrina DeStefano
- Section on Immunoengineering, National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Biomedical Engineering and Technology Acceleration (BETA) Center, National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria Karkanitsa
- Section on Immunoengineering, National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Biomedical Engineering and Technology Acceleration (BETA) Center, National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Spathies
- Biomedical Engineering and Technology Acceleration (BETA) Center, National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Bioengineering and Physical Sciences Shared Resource, National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen M Goldman
- DoD-VA Extremity Trauma & Amputation Center of Excellence, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher L Dearth
- DoD-VA Extremity Trauma & Amputation Center of Excellence, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kaitlyn N Sadtler
- Section on Immunoengineering, National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Biomedical Engineering and Technology Acceleration (BETA) Center, National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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16
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Iturri L, Bertho A, Lamirault C, Juchaux M, Gilbert C, Espenon J, Sebrie C, Jourdain L, Pouzoulet F, Verrelle P, De Marzi L, Prezado Y. Proton FLASH Radiation Therapy and Immune Infiltration: Evaluation in an Orthotopic Glioma Rat Model. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022:S0360-3016(22)03639-2. [PMID: 36563907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE FLASH radiation therapy (FLASH-RT) is a promising radiation technique that uses ultrahigh doses of radiation to increase the therapeutic window of the treatment. FLASH-RT has been observed to provide normal tissue sparing at high dose rates and similar tumor control compared with conventional RT, yet the biological processes governing these radiobiological effects are still unknown. In this study, we sought to investigate the potential immune response generated by FLASH-RT in a high dose of proton therapy in an orthotopic glioma rat model. METHODS AND MATERIALS We cranially irradiated rats with a single high dose (25 Gy) using FLASH dose rate proton irradiation (257 ± 2 Gy/s) or conventional dose rate proton irradiation (4 ± 0.02 Gy/s). We first assessed the protective FLASH effect that resulted in our setup through behavioral studies in naïve rats. This was followed by a comprehensive analysis of immune cells in blood, healthy tissue of the brain, and tumor microenvironment by flow cytometry. RESULTS Proton FLASH-RT spared memory impairment produced by conventional high-dose proton therapy and induced a similar tumor infiltrating lymphocyte recruitment. Additionally, a general neuroinflammation that was similar in both dose rates was observed. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study demonstrated that FLASH proton therapy offers a neuro-protective effect even at high doses while mounting an effective lymphoid immune response in the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorea Iturri
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Orsay, France.
| | - Annaïg Bertho
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Orsay, France
| | - Charlotte Lamirault
- Institut Curie, PSL University, Département de Recherche Translationnelle, CurieCoreTech-Experimental Radiotherapy (RadeXp), Paris, France
| | - Marjorie Juchaux
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Orsay, France
| | - Cristèle Gilbert
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Orsay, France
| | - Julie Espenon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Orsay, France
| | - Catherine Sebrie
- CEA, CNRS, Inserm, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, BIOMAPS Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Laurène Jourdain
- CEA, CNRS, Inserm, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, BIOMAPS Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Frédéric Pouzoulet
- Institut Curie, PSL University, Département de Recherche Translationnelle, CurieCoreTech-Experimental Radiotherapy (RadeXp), Paris, France
| | - Pierre Verrelle
- Institut Curie, Campus Universitaire, PSL Research University, University Paris Saclay, INSERM LITO (U1288), Orsay, 91898 France; Centre de Protonthérapie d'Orsay, Radiation Oncology Department, Campus Universitaire, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Orsay, 91898 France
| | - Ludovic De Marzi
- Institut Curie, Campus Universitaire, PSL Research University, University Paris Saclay, INSERM LITO (U1288), Orsay, 91898 France; Centre de Protonthérapie d'Orsay, Radiation Oncology Department, Campus Universitaire, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Orsay, 91898 France
| | - Yolanda Prezado
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Orsay, France
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17
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Reinl EL, Blanchard AC, Graham EL, Edwards SW, Dionisos CV, McCarthy MM. The immune cell profile of the developing rat brain. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 106:198-226. [PMID: 36049705 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the peripheral immune cell (PIC) profile of the developing brain despite growing appreciation for these cells in the mature nervous system. To address this gap, the PIC profile, defined as which cells are present, where they are located, and for how long, was examined in the developing rat using spectral flow cytometry. Select regions of the rat brain (cerebellum, hippocampus, and hypothalamus) were examined at embryonic day 20, and postnatal days 0, 7 and 16. At their peak (E20), PICs were most abundant in the cerebellum, then the hippocampus and hypothalamus. Within the PIC pool, monocytes were most prevalent in all regions and time points, and shifted from being majority classical at E20 to non-classical by PN7. T cells increased over time, and shifted from majority cytotoxic to T-helper cells by PN7. This suggests the PIC profile transitions from reactive to adaptive and surveilling in the second postnatal week. NK cells and mast cells increased temporarily, and mast cells were restricted to the hippocampus and hypothalamus, suggesting they may play a specific role in the development of those regions. Mimicking a viral infection by administration of Poly I:C increased the influx of PICs into the neonatal brain, particularly of NK cells and in the case of males only, non-classical monocytes. This work provides a map for researchers as they study immune cell contributions to healthy and pathological brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Reinl
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, United States
| | - Alexa C Blanchard
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine and Medical Scientist Training Program, United States
| | - Emily L Graham
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, United States
| | - Serena W Edwards
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, United States
| | - Christie V Dionisos
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Program in Neuroscience, United States
| | - Margaret M McCarthy
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, United States; University of Maryland School of Medicine, Program in Neuroscience, United States
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18
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Mesenchymal stem cells exert renoprotection via extracellular vesicle-mediated modulation of M2 macrophages and spleen-kidney network. Commun Biol 2022; 5:753. [PMID: 35902687 PMCID: PMC9334610 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03712-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) have shown therapeutic potentials against refractory diseases. However, the detailed therapeutic mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we report the therapeutic actions of human ASCs in nephritis, focusing on cellular dynamics and multi-organ networks. Intravenously-administered ASCs accumulated in spleen but not kidneys. Nevertheless, ASCs increased M2 macrophages and Tregs in kidneys and drove strong renoprotection. Splenectomy abolished these therapeutic effects. ASC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) were transferred to M2 macrophages, which entered the bloodstream from spleen. EVs induced the transcriptomic signatures of hyperpolarization and PGE2 stimulation in M2 macrophages and ameliorated glomerulonephritis. ASCs, ASC-derived EVs, and EV-transferred M2 macrophages enhanced Treg induction. These findings suggest that EV transfer from spleen-accumulated ASCs to M2 macrophages and subsequent modulation of renal immune-environment underlie the renoprotective effects of ASCs. Our results provide insights into the therapeutic actions of ASCs, focusing on EV-mediated modulation of macrophages and the spleen-kidney immune network. The renoprotective effects of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) are enhanced through the transfer of EVs predominantly to M2 macrophages in the spleen, providing insights into therapeutic avenues for ASCs.
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19
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Liu P, Gao Y, Luo P, Yu H, Guo S, Liu F, Gao J, Xu J, Wang S, Zhang C. Glucocorticoid-induced expansion of classical monocytes contributes to bone loss. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:765-776. [PMID: 35672449 PMCID: PMC9256622 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00764-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical monocytes are commonly involved in the innate inflammatory response and are the progenitors of osteoclasts. Excess endogenous glucocorticoids (GCs) can increase the levels of classical monocytes in blood and bone marrow. The role of this cell population in high-dose exogenous GC-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) remains to be elucidated. In this study, GIOP was established in rats and mice by daily methylprednisolone injection, and monocyte subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry. We demonstrated that classical monocytes accumulate in bone marrow during GIOP. Similarly, the monocyte proportion among bone marrow nucleated cells was also increased in patients with steroid treatment history. We sorted classical monocytes and analyzed their transcriptional profile in response to GCs by RNA sequencing. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis showed that classical monocytes isolated from GC-treated rats exhibited osteoclast differentiation potential. Deletion of classical monocytes by clodronate liposome treatment prevented GIOP via inhibition of osteoclastogenesis and restoration of CD31HiendomucinHi vessels. Regarding the molecular mechanism, classical monocytes express high levels of glucocorticoid receptors. In vitro treatment with GCs increased both the percentage and absolute number of monocytes and promoted their proliferation. In summary, classical monocytes mediated GC-induced bone loss and are a potential target for therapeutic intervention in GIOP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Youshui Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengbo Luo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongping Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Shang Guo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuyun Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Junjie Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
| | - Shengdian Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 200233, Shanghai, China.
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20
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Liang R, Fisk A, King G, Meyn L, Xiao X, Moalli P. Characterization of vaginal immune response to a polypropylene mesh: Diabetic vs. normoglycemic conditions. Acta Biomater 2022; 143:310-319. [PMID: 35278688 PMCID: PMC9035125 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Urogynecology meshes, typically manufactured from polypropylene, are widely used in the surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse. However, mesh-associated complications such as mesh exposure can develop in women undergoing mesh implantation, for which diabetes is an independent risk factor. We aimed to define the impact of diabetes on the vaginal immune response to mesh by comparing diabetic vs. normoglycemic conditions longitudinally in a rat sacrocolpopexy model. METHODS Diabetes (blood glucose ≥ 300 mg/dL) was induced in middle-aged female Wistar rats with streptozotocin (STZ). A polypropylene mesh was implanted on the vagina via modified sacrocolpopexy following bilateral ovariectomy and supracervical hysterectomy for 3-, 7-, and 42-days. Sham-operated controls underwent the same procedures without mesh. Mesh-associated inflammation, immune cell populations and cytokine/chemokine profiles were examined in the excised vaginal tissues. RESULTS Diabetes was reliably induced starting on the 3rd day following STZ injection. Under both normoglycemic and diabetic conditions, mesh caused a prolonged inflammatory response in the vagina with increased proinflammatory chemokines MCP-1 and MIP-1α as compared to Sham. Major differences between the two conditions were found at the later stage (42 days post-surgery), including an increased inflammation with larger foreign body granuloma and more giant cells at the mesh-tissue interface, increased fraction of macrophages in the immune cell population, and higher proinflammatory chemokine IP-10 in the diabetic group. CONCLUSION Polypropylene mesh implanted on the vagina induces prolonged inflammation at the mesh-tissue interface. Diabetes increases the mesh-associated inflammation in the long term, which is related to a dysregulated macrophage response. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This study investigated the mechanism underlying the increased risk in women with diabetes for developing mesh complications such as mesh exposure. The significance includes: (1) it is the first study investigating vaginal host response to a prosthesis under the influence of diabetes; (2) the longitudinal study design elucidated the dynamic changes of vaginal immune response to mesh from very early to late stages; (3) our findings may inform future mechanistic studies and studies investigating preventive/therapeutic strategies to improve the outcomes of women with diabetes receiving vaginal implants.
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KOBAYASHI K, SASASE T, MAEKAWA T, SHINOZAKI Y, SANO R, YAMADA T, OHTA T. Immune Disorders and Sex Differences in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii Rats, Type 2 Diabetic Model. Physiol Res 2022; 71:113-123. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is believed to be a non-autoimmune metabolic disorder. However, there are increasing reports that some T2D patients have immune abnormalities. In addition, it is known that there are sex differences in the onset of diabetes and immune responses in humans. Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) rats, a non-obese T2D model, also have sex differences in the onset of diabetes, but the involvement of immune abnormalities in diabetes is unknown. In this study, we investigated immune abnormalities in SDT rats. Immune cell subset analysis was performed in male and female SDT rats and control Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats at 5, 11, and 17 weeks of age. Male and female SDT rats had swelling of the spleen and lymph nodes and a higher number of T cells and B cells in the blood, spleen, and lymph nodes than SD rats. Only male SDT rats developed diabetes at 17 weeks of age, and the number of classical and non-classical monocytes in the blood and spleen of male SDT rats was higher than that in male SD rats and female SDT rats that did not develop diabetes. Most of these findings were observed before the onset of diabetes (~11 weeks of age), suggesting that classical and non-classical monocytes may contribute to the development of diabetes in male SDT rats. In conclusion, SDT rats may be a useful T2D model involved in immune abnormalities, and further research will help elucidate the pathophysiology of T2D with immune abnormalities and develop new therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- K KOBAYASHI
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Takatsuki Research Center, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | - T SASASE
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Takatsuki Research Center, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | - T MAEKAWA
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Takatsuki Research Center, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | - Y SHINOZAKI
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Takatsuki Research Center, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | - R SANO
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Takatsuki Research Center, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | - T YAMADA
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - T OHTA
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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22
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Rana N, Suliman S, Mohamed-Ahmed S, Gavasso S, Gjertsen BT, Mustafa K. Systemic and local innate immune responses to surgical co-transplantation of mesenchymal stromal cells and biphasic calcium phosphate for bone regeneration. Acta Biomater 2022; 141:440-453. [PMID: 34968726 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bone regeneration from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) is attributed to comprehensive immune modulation mediated by the MSC. However, the temporal and spatial regulation of these immune responses has not yet been described. The aim of the present study was to assess the local and systemic innate immune responses to implantation of biphasic calcium phosphate biomaterial (BCP) alone, or with bone marrow derived MSC (BCP+MSC), in critical-sized calvarial bone defects of Lewis rats. Four weeks after implantation, flow cytometry analysis of innate immune cells revealed increased numbers of circulating classical monocyte-macrophages (MM) and decreased non-classical MM in the BCP+MSC group. At week 8, this differential systemic MM response was associated with an increased presence of local tissue anti-inflammatory macrophages expressing CD68 and CD163 markers (M2-like). In the BCP group without MSC, NK cells increased at weeks 1 and 4, and neutrophils increased in circulation at weeks 2 and 8. At week 8, the increase in number of neutrophils in circulation was associated with decreased local tissue neutrophils, in the BCP+MSC group. Gene expression analysis of tissue biopsies from defects implanted with BCP+MSC, in comparison to BCP alone, revealed upregulated expression of early osteogenesis genes along with macrophage differentiation-related genes at weeks 1 and 8 and neutrophil chemotaxis-related genes at week 1. This study is the first to demonstrate that surgical implantation of BCP or BCP+MSC grafts differentially regulate both systemic and local tissue innate immune responses which enhance bone formation. The results provide new insights into immune mechanisms underlying MSC-mediated bone regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The suitability of biphasic calcium phosphate and mesenchymal stromal cell construct (BCP+MSC) transplantation is evident from their progress in clinical trials for treating challenging maxillofacial bone defects. But less is known about the overall immune response generated by this surgical process and how it later impacts the bone formation. To this end, it is crucial to understand for both clinicians and researchers, the systemic immune response to transplanting MSC in patients for ensuring both the safety and efficacy of cell therapies. In this study, we used rat calvarial bone defect model and showed that both systemic and local innate immunes responses (monocyte-macrophages and neutrophils) are favorably directed towards enhanced bone formation in BCP+MSC implanted defects, as compared to BCP alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Rana
- Centre of Translational Oral Research (TOR) - Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Salwa Suliman
- Centre of Translational Oral Research (TOR) - Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Samih Mohamed-Ahmed
- Centre of Translational Oral Research (TOR) - Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Sonia Gavasso
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Bjørn Tore Gjertsen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Medicine, Hematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Centre of Translational Oral Research (TOR) - Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway.
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23
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Crum RJ, Hall K, Molina CP, Hussey GS, Graham E, Li H, Badylak SF. Immunomodulatory matrix-bound nanovesicles mitigate acute and chronic pristane-induced rheumatoid arthritis. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:13. [PMID: 35110573 PMCID: PMC8810774 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00208-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation and destruction of synovial joints affecting ~7.5 million people worldwide. Disease pathology is driven by an imbalance in the ratio of pro-inflammatory vs. anti-inflammatory immune cells, especially macrophages. Modulation of macrophage phenotype, specifically an M1 to M2, pro- to anti-inflammatory transition, can be induced by biologic scaffold materials composed of extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM-based immunomodulatory effect is thought to be mediated in part through recently identified matrix-bound nanovesicles (MBV) embedded within ECM. Isolated MBV was delivered via intravenous (i.v.) or peri-articular (p.a.) injection to rats with pristane-induced arthritis (PIA). The results of MBV administration were compared to intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of methotrexate (MTX), the clinical standard of care. Relative to the diseased animals, i.p. MTX, i.v. MBV, and p.a. MBV reduced arthritis scores in both acute and chronic pristane-induced arthritis, decreased synovial inflammation, decreased adverse joint remodeling, and reduced the ratio of synovial and splenic M1 to M2 macrophages (p < 0.05). Both p.a. and i.v. MBV reduced the serum concentration of RA and PIA biomarkers CXCL10 and MCP-3 in the acute and chronic phases of disease (p < 0.05). Flow-cytometry revealed the presence of a systemic CD43hi/His48lo/CD206+, immunoregulatory monocyte population unique to p.a. and i.v. MBV treatment associated with disease resolution. The results show that the therapeutic efficacy of MBV is equal to that of MTX for the management of acute and chronic pristane-induced arthritis and, further, this effect is associated with modulation of local synovial macrophages and systemic myeloid populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael J Crum
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Kelsey Hall
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Catalina Pineda Molina
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Presbyterian Hospital, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - George S Hussey
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Presbyterian Hospital, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,ECM Therapeutics, Inc., 118 Marshall Dr., Warrendale, PA, 15086, USA
| | - Emma Graham
- Musculoskeletal Growth and Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 206, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Hongshuai Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, 25 Grand Ave, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA
| | - Stephen F Badylak
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA. .,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Presbyterian Hospital, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. .,ECM Therapeutics, Inc., 118 Marshall Dr., Warrendale, PA, 15086, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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24
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Valderrama A, Zapata MI, Hernandez JC, Cardona-Arias JA. Systematic review of preclinical studies on the neutrophil-mediated immune response to air pollutants, 1980-2020. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08778. [PMID: 35128092 PMCID: PMC8810373 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical evidence about the neutrophil-mediated response in exposure to air pollutants is scattered and heterogeneous. This has prevented the consolidation of this research field around relevant models that could advance towards clinical research. The purpose of this study was to systematic review the studies of the neutrophils response to air pollutants, following the recommendations of the Cochrane Collaboration and the PRISMA guide, through 54 search strategies in nine databases. We include 234 studies (in vitro, and in vivo), being more frequent using primary neutrophils, Balb/C and C57BL6/J mice, and Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats. The most frequent readouts were cell counts, cytokines and histopathology. The temporal analysis showed that in the last decade, the use of mice with histopathological and cytokine measurement have predominated. This systematic review has shown that study of the neutrophils response to air pollutants started 40 years ago, and composed of 100 different preclinical models, 10 pollutants, and 11 immunological outcomes. Mechanisms of neutrophils-mediated immunopathology include cellular activation, ROS production, and proinflammatory effects, leading to cell-death, oxidative stress, and inflammatory infiltrates in lungs. This research will allow consolidating the research efforts in this field, optimizing the study of causal processes, and facilitating the advance to clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Valderrama
- Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Colombia
| | - Maria Isabel Zapata
- Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Colombia
| | - Juan C. Hernandez
- Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Colombia
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25
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Hall JM, Kang J, Kenney SM, Wong TY, Bitzer GJ, Kelly CO, Kisamore CA, Boehm DT, DeJong MA, Wolf MA, Sen-Kilic E, Horspool AM, Bevere JR, Barbier M, Damron FH. Reinvestigating the Coughing Rat Model of Pertussis To Understand Bordetella pertussis Pathogenesis. Infect Immun 2021; 89:e0030421. [PMID: 34125597 PMCID: PMC8594615 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00304-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis is a highly contagious bacterium that is the causative agent of whooping cough (pertussis). Currently, acellular pertussis vaccines (aP, DTaP, and Tdap) are used to prevent pertussis disease. However, it is clear that the aP vaccine efficacy quickly wanes, resulting in the reemergence of pertussis. Furthermore, recent work performed by the CDC suggest that current circulating strains are genetically distinct from strains of the past. The emergence of genetically diverging strains, combined with waning aP vaccine efficacy, calls for reevaluation of current animal models of pertussis. In this study, we used the rat model of pertussis to compare two genetically divergent strains Tohama 1 and D420. We intranasally challenged 7-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats with 108 viable Tohama 1 and D420 and measured the hallmark signs/symptoms of B. pertussis infection such as neutrophilia, pulmonary inflammation, and paroxysmal cough using whole-body plethysmography. Onset of cough occurred between 2 and 4 days after B. pertussis challenge, averaging five coughs per 15 min, with peak coughing occurring at day 8 postinfection, averaging upward of 13 coughs per 15 min. However, we observed an increase of coughs in rats infected with clinical isolate D420 through 12 days postchallenge. The rats exhibited increased bronchial restriction following B. pertussis infection. Histology of the lung and flow cytometry confirm both cellular infiltration and pulmonary inflammation. D420 infection induced higher production of anti-B. pertussis IgM antibodies compared to Tohama 1 infection. The coughing rat model provides a way of characterizing disease manifestation differences between B. pertussis strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse M. Hall
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center, WVU Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Jason Kang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center, WVU Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Sophia M. Kenney
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center, WVU Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Ting Y. Wong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center, WVU Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Graham J. Bitzer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center, WVU Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Claire O. Kelly
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center, WVU Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Caleb A. Kisamore
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center, WVU Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Dylan T. Boehm
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center, WVU Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Megan A. DeJong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center, WVU Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - M. Allison Wolf
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center, WVU Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Emel Sen-Kilic
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center, WVU Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Alexander M. Horspool
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center, WVU Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Justin R. Bevere
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center, WVU Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Mariette Barbier
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center, WVU Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - F. Heath Damron
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center, WVU Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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26
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Mucosal Immunization with DTaP Confers Protection against Bordetella pertussis Infection and Cough in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Infect Immun 2021; 89:e0034621. [PMID: 34516235 PMCID: PMC8594602 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00346-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pertussis is a respiratory disease caused by the Gram-negative pathogen, Bordetella pertussis. The transition from a whole-cell pertussis vaccine (wP and DTP) to an acellular pertussis vaccine (aP, DTaP, and Tdap) correlates with an increase in pertussis cases, despite widespread vaccine implementation and coverage, and it is now appreciated that the protection provided by aP rapidly wanes. To recapitulate the localized immunity observed from natural infection, mucosal vaccination with aP was explored using the coughing rat model of pertussis. Overall, our goal was to evaluate the route of vaccination in the coughing rat model of pertussis. Immunity induced by both oral gavage and intranasal vaccination of aP in B. pertussis challenged rats over a 9-day infection was compared to intramuscular wP (IM-wP)- and IM-aP-immunized rats that were used as positive controls. Our data demonstrate that mucosal immunization of aP resulted in the production of anti-B. pertussis IgG antibody titers similar to IM-wP- and IM-aP-vaccinated controls postchallenge. IN-aP also induced anti-B. pertussis IgA antibodies in the nasal cavity. Immunization with IM-wP, IM-aP, IN-aP, and OG-aP immunization protected against B. pertussis-induced cough, whereas OG-aP immunization did not protect against respiratory distress. Mucosal immunization by both intranasal and oral gavage administration protected against acute inflammation and decreased bacterial burden in the lung compared to mock-vaccinated challenge rats. The data presented in this study suggest that mucosal vaccination with aP can induce a mucosal immune response and provide protection against B. pertussis challenge. This study highlights the potential benefits and uses of the coughing rat model of pertussis; however, further questions regarding waning immunity still require additional investigation.
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27
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Generation of an Iba1-EGFP Transgenic Rat for the Study of Microglia in an Outbred Rodent Strain. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0026-21.2021. [PMID: 34417284 PMCID: PMC8425967 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0026-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroscience has been transformed by the ability to genetically modify inbred mice, including the ability to express fluorescent markers specific to cell types or activation states. This approach has been put to particularly good effect in the study of the innate immune cells of the brain, microglia. These specialized macrophages are exceedingly small and complex, but also highly motile and mobile. To date, there have been no tools similar to those in mice available for studying these fundamental cells in the rat brain, and we seek to fill that gap with the generation of the genetically modified Sprague Dawley rat line: SD-Tg(Iba1-EGFP)Mmmc. Using CRISPR-Cas/9 technology, we knocked in EGFP to the promoter of the gene Iba1. With four male and three female founders confirmed by quantitative PCR analysis to have appropriate and specific insertion, we established a breeding colony with at least three generations of backcrosses to obtain stable and reliable Iba1-EGFP expression. The specificity of EGFP expression to microglia was established by flow cytometry for CD45low/CD11b+ cells and by immunohistochemistry. Microglial EGFP expression was detected in neonates and persisted into adulthood. Blood macrophages and monocytes were found to express low levels of EGFP, as expected. Last, we show that EGFP expression is suitable for live imaging of microglia processes in acute brain slices and via intravital two-photon microscopy.
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28
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Taylor EB, George EM, Ryan MJ, Garrett MR, Sasser JM. Immunological comparison of pregnant Dahl salt-sensitive and Sprague-Dawley rats commonly used to model characteristics of preeclampsia. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 321:R125-R138. [PMID: 34105357 PMCID: PMC8409910 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00298.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The pregnant Dahl salt-sensitive (S) rat is an established preclinical model of superimposed spontaneous preeclampsia characterized by exacerbated hypertension, increased urinary protein excretion, and increased fetal demise. Because of the underlying immune system dysfunction present in preeclamptic pregnancies in humans, we hypothesized that the pregnant Dahl S rat would also have an altered immune status. Immune system activation was assessed during late pregnancy in the Dahl S model and compared with healthy pregnant Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats subjected to either a sham procedure or a procedure to reduce uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP). Circulating immunoglobulin and cytokine levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Milliplex bead assay, respectively, and percentages of circulating, splenic, and placental immune cells were determined using flow cytometry. The pregnant Dahl S rat exhibited an increase in CD4+ T cells, and specifically TNFα+CD4+ T cells, in the spleen compared with virgin Dahl S rats. The Dahl also had increased neutrophils and decreased B cells in the peripheral blood as compared with Dahl virgin rats. SD rats that received the RUPP procedure had increases in circulating monocytes and increased IFN-ɣ+CD4+ splenic T cells. Together these findings suggest that dysregulated T cell activity is an important factor in both the pregnant Dahl S rats and SD rats after the RUPP procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin B Taylor
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Eric M George
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Michael J Ryan
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
- Columbia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Michael R Garrett
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Jennifer M Sasser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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29
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Arulkumaran N, Pollen SJ, Tidswell R, Gaupp C, Peters VBM, Stanzani G, Snow TAC, Duchen MR, Singer M. Selective mitochondrial antioxidant MitoTEMPO reduces renal dysfunction and systemic inflammation in experimental sepsis. Br J Anaesth 2021; 127:577-586. [PMID: 34332740 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2021.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) in sepsis is associated with organ failure, in part by generating inflammation through the NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. We determined the impact of a mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant (MitoTEMPO) on mitochondrial dysfunction in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells, peritoneal immune cell function ex vivo, and organ dysfunction in a rat model of sepsis. METHODS The effects of MitoTEMPO were assessed ex vivo using adenosine triphosphate and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated rat peritoneal immune cells and fresh rat kidney slices exposed to serum from septic rats. We assessed mROS production and phagocytotic capacity (flow cytometry), mitochondrial functionality (multiphoton imaging, respirometry), and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in cell culture. The effect of MitoTEMPO on organ dysfunction was evaluated in a rat model of faecal peritonitis. RESULTS MitoTEMPO decreased septic serum-induced mROS (P<0.001) and maintained normal reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide redox state (P=0.02) and mitochondrial membrane potential (P<0.001) in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells ex vivo. In lipopolysaccharide-stimulated peritoneal immune cells, MitoTEMPO abrogated the increase in mROS (P=0.006) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (P=0.03) without affecting non-mitochondrial oxygen consumption or the phagocytotic-induced respiratory burst (P>0.05). In vivo, compared with untreated septic animals, MitoTEMPO reduced systemic IL-1β (P=0.01), reduced renal oxidative stress as determined by urine isoprostane levels (P=0.04), and ameliorated renal dysfunction (reduced serum urea (P<0.001) and creatinine (P=0.05). CONCLUSIONS Reduction of mROS by a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant reduced IL-1β, and protected mitochondrial, cellular, and organ functionality after septic insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishkantha Arulkumaran
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Sean J Pollen
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robert Tidswell
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Charlotte Gaupp
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vera B M Peters
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Giacomo Stanzani
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Timothy A C Snow
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michael R Duchen
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mervyn Singer
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
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30
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The dynamicity of acute ozone-induced systemic leukocyte trafficking and adrenal-derived stress hormones. Toxicology 2021; 458:152823. [PMID: 34051339 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ozone exposure induces neuroendocrine stress response, which causes lymphopenia. It was hypothesized that ozone-induced increases in stress hormones will temporally follow changes in circulating granulocytes, monocytes- and lymphocyte subpopulations. The goal of this study was to chronicle the changes in circulating stress hormones, cytokines, and leukocyte trafficking during 4 h exposure to ozone. Male Wistar Kyoto rats were exposed to air or ozone (0.4 or 0.8 ppm) for 0.5, 1, 2, or 4 h. After each time point, circulating stress hormones, cytokines, and lung gene expression were assessed along with live and apoptotic granulocytes, monocytes (classical and non-classical), and lymphocytes (B, Th, and Tc) in blood, thymus, and spleen using flow cytometry. Circulating stress hormones began to increase at 1 h of ozone exposure. Lung expression of inflammatory cytokines (Cxcl2, Il6, and Hmox1) and glucocorticoid-responsive genes (Nr3c1, Fkbp5 and Tsc22d3) increased in both a time- and ozone concentration-dependent manner. Circulating granulocytes increased at 0.5 h of ozone exposure but tended to decrease at 2 and 4 h, suggesting a rapid egress and then margination to the lung. Classical monocytes decreased over 4 h of exposure periods (∼80 % at 0.8 ppm). B and Tc lymphocytes significantly decreased after ozone exposure at 2 and 4 h. Despite dynamic shifts in circulating immune cell populations, few differences were measured in serum cytokines. Ozone neither increased apoptotic cells nor altered thymus and spleen lymphocytes. The data show that ozone-induced increases in adrenal-derived stress hormones precede the dynamic migration of circulating immune cells, likely to the lung to mediate inflammation.
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Anyaegbu CC, Mao Y, McGonigle T, Raja S, Clarke T, Black AMB, Solomon T, Fuller K, Fitzgerald M. Simultaneous flow cytometric characterization of multiple cell types and metabolic states in the rat brain after repeated mild traumatic brain injury. J Neurosci Methods 2021; 359:109223. [PMID: 34004202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular responses at the sub-acute phase of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), and their contribution to ongoing damage, are unclear, complex and require simultaneous assessment of multiple cells to elucidate. NEW METHOD An 11-colour flow cytometry method for analysing brain cells was evaluated in a weight-drop rat model of repeated mTBI. Animals received sham, one, two or three mTBI delivered at 24 h intervals (n = 6/group). Cerebrum homogenates were prepared 11 days after first mTBI, in two cohorts of n = 3/group to enable same-day staining of fresh tissue. Percentages of neurons, astrocytes, microglia, mature oligodendrocytes and NeuN + CC1+ cells, neutrophils, macrophages and non-myeloid leukocytes, and their immunoreactivity for cell damage indicators (inducible nitric oxide synthase; iNOS, proliferating cell nuclear antigen; PCNA, 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine; 8OHDG and 4-hydroxynonenal; HNE), were assessed. RESULTS Median fluorescence intensity (MFI) of iNOS in activated microglia increased following two, but not one or three, mTBI (p = 0.04). However, there were differences between processing cohorts in terms of percentages and MFI of some PCNA+, iNOS+, 8OHDG + and HNE + cell populations. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Previous applications of flow cytometry for rat brain analysis were typically limited to three or four markers. This method uses 11 markers to identify nine cell populations and evaluate their immunoreactivity to four metabolic indicators of cell damage. CONCLUSIONS Flow cytometry can be useful for discerning injury-related changes in multiple rat brain cells. However, markers sensitive to subtle changes in experimental conditions must be identified in pilot experiments and subsequently analysed in the same tissue-processing cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidozie C Anyaegbu
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Belmont, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Yilin Mao
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Belmont, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Terry McGonigle
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Belmont, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sushmitha Raja
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Belmont, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Thomas Clarke
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Belmont, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anna M B Black
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Belmont, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tanya Solomon
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Belmont, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kathy Fuller
- Division of Cancer Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Nedlands 6009 Western Australia, Australia
| | - Melinda Fitzgerald
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Belmont, Western Australia, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute Building, 8 Verdun St, Nedlands 6009 Western Australia, Australia
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Hume DA, Caruso M, Keshvari S, Patkar OL, Sehgal A, Bush SJ, Summers KM, Pridans C, Irvine KM. The Mononuclear Phagocyte System of the Rat. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:2251-2263. [PMID: 33965905 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The laboratory rat continues to be the model of choice for many studies of physiology, behavior, and complex human diseases. Cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS; monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells) are abundant residents in every tissue in the body and regulate postnatal development, homeostasis, and innate and acquired immunity. Recruitment and proliferation of MPS cells is an essential component of both initiation and resolution of inflammation. The large majority of current knowledge of MPS biology is derived from studies of inbred mice, but advances in technology and resources have eliminated many of the advantages of the mouse as a model. In this article, we review the tools available and the current state of knowledge of development, homeostasis, regulation, and diversity within the MPS of the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Melanie Caruso
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sahar Keshvari
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Omkar L Patkar
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anuj Sehgal
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephen J Bush
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kim M Summers
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Clare Pridans
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Katharine M Irvine
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Veldhuizen RAW, Baer B, McCaig LA, Solomon LA, Cameron L, Hardy DB. The effect of maternal protein restriction during perinatal life on the inflammatory response in pediatric rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:556-560. [PMID: 32916058 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction can affect health outcomes in postnatal life. This study tested the hypothesis that the response to an inflammatory pulmonary insult is altered in pediatric fetal growth restricted rats. Using a low-protein diet during gestation and postnatal life, growth-restricted male and female rats and healthy control rats were exposed to an inflammatory insult via the intratracheal instillation of heat-killed bacteria. After 6 h, animal lungs were examined for lung inflammation and status of the surfactant system. The results showed that in response to an inflammatory insult, neutrophil infiltration was decreased in both male and female rats in the growth-restricted animals compared with the control rats. The amount of surfactant was increased in the growth-restricted animals compared with the control rats, regardless of the inflammatory insult. It is concluded that fetal growth restriction results in increased surfactant and altered neutrophil responses following pulmonary insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud A W Veldhuizen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brandon Baer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lynda A McCaig
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren A Solomon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa Cameron
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel B Hardy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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George MJ, Jasmin NH, Cummings VT, Richard-Loendt A, Launchbury F, Woollard K, Turner-Stokes T, Garcia Diaz AI, Lythgoe M, Stuckey DJ, Hingorani AD, Gilroy DW. Selective Interleukin-6 Trans-Signaling Blockade Is More Effective Than Panantagonism in Reperfused Myocardial Infarction. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2021; 6:431-443. [PMID: 34095633 PMCID: PMC8165121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-6 is an emerging therapeutic target in myocardial infarction (MI). IL-6 has 2 distinct signaling pathways: trans-signaling, which mediates inflammation, and classic signaling, which also has anti-inflammatory effects. The novel recombinant fusion protein sgp130Fc achieves exclusive trans-signaling blockade, whereas anti-IL-6 antibodies (Abs) result in panantagonism. In a rat model of reperfused MI, sgp130Fc, but not anti-IL-6-Ab, attenuated neutrophil and macrophage infiltration into the myocardium, reduced infarct size, and preserved cardiac function 28 days after MI. These data demonstrate the efficacy of exclusive IL-6 trans-signaling blockade and support further investigation of sgp130Fc as a potential novel therapy in MI.
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Key Words
- AAR, area at risk
- Ab, antibody
- CCL, C-C motif chemokine ligand
- CMR, cardiac magnetic resonance
- CXCL, C-X-C motif ligand
- ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1
- IL, interleukin
- IS, infarct size
- LGE, late-gadolinium enhancement
- LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction
- MHC, major histocompatibility complex
- MI, myocardial infarction
- NSTEMI, non–ST-segment-elevation MI
- RCAEC, rat coronary artery endothelial cell
- STEMI, ST-segment-elevation MI
- TCZ, tocilizumab
- Trop-T, troponin T
- c-caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3
- inflammation
- interleukin-6
- myocardial infarction
- reperfusion
- sIL-6R, soluble IL-6 receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Jonathan George
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nur Hayati Jasmin
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging (CABI), Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie Taylor Cummings
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging (CABI), Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Richard-Loendt
- Department of Neuropathology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- UCL IQPath, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Launchbury
- UCL IQPath, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Woollard
- Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tabitha Turner-Stokes
- Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Isabel Garcia Diaz
- Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Lythgoe
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging (CABI), Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel James Stuckey
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging (CABI), Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aroon Dinesh Hingorani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Translational Genomics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Derek William Gilroy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Okuliarova M, Mazgutova N, Majzunova M, Rumanova VS, Zeman M. Dim Light at Night Impairs Daily Variation of Circulating Immune Cells and Renal Immune Homeostasis. Front Immunol 2021; 11:614960. [PMID: 33552079 PMCID: PMC7862740 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.614960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dim light at night (dLAN) has become a pervasive part of the modern world, and growing evidence shows its association with increased health risks. Though this link is attributed to a disturbed circadian clock, the underlying mechanisms that can explain how circadian disruption from dLAN causes negative health effects remain unclear. Here, we exposed rats to a light–dark cycle (12:12 h) with low-intensity light at night (~2 lx) for 2 and 5 weeks and explored the steady-state pattern of circulating immune cells and renal immune-related markers, which are well controlled by the circadian clock. After 5 weeks, dLAN impaired the daily variation in several types of white blood cells, especially monocytes and T cells. Two-week dLAN caused a reduction in blood monocytes and altered gene expression of macrophage marker Cd68 and monocyte-attracting chemokine Ccl2 in the kidney. Interestingly, dLAN decreased renal 3-nitrotyrosine levels and resulted in up-regulation of the main endogenous antioxidant pathways, indicating a disturbance in the renal redox balance and an activation of compensatory mechanisms. These effects paralleled the altered renal expression of the molecular clock components and increased plasma corticosterone levels. Together, our results show that chronic exposure to dLAN weakened the circadian control of daily variation of circulating immune cells and disturbed renal immune and redox homeostasis. Consequences of this dLAN-disturbed immune balance on the ability of the immune system to cope with other challenges should by clarified in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Okuliarova
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Nikoleta Mazgutova
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Majzunova
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Valentina Sophia Rumanova
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Zeman
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Julian I, Iwamoto T. Investigation of Biomarkers and Handling Strategy of Erlotinib-Induced Skin Rash in Rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:1050-1059. [PMID: 34334490 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Skin rash is a common adverse event associated with erlotinib therapy. In severe conditions, the rash could affect patients' QOL. If the rash occurrence can be predicted, erlotinib treatment failures can be prevented. We designed an in vivo study that applied erlotinib regimens resembling its clinical application to evaluate possible erlotinib-induced skin rash biomarkers for humans and simultaneously observe the effects of erlotinib discontinuation, followed with or without dose reduction, on rash development. Rats were divided into four groups: placebo, constant (erlotinib 35 mg/kg on d1-d21), intermittent (erlotinib 70 mg/kg on d1-d7 and d15-d21), and mimic (erlotinib 70 mg/kg on d1-d7 and erlotinib 35 mg/kg on d15-d21). Blood sampling was performed on d1, d8, d15, and d22. The samples were used to measure erlotinib concentrations, the level of hepatic and renal function markers, immune cell percentages, and immune cells' CD45 expression levels. Erlotinib 70 mg/kg generated high mean circulating erlotinib concentrations (>1800 ng/mL) that led to severe rashes. Erlotinib dose reduction following rash occurrence reduced circulating erlotinib concentration and rash severity. After the treatment, the escalation of neutrophil percentages and reduction of neutrophils' CD45 expression levels were observed, which were significantly correlated with the rash occurrence. This study is the first to show that erlotinib-induced skin rash may be affected by the reduction of neutrophils' CD45 expression levels, and this is a valuable finding to elucidate the erlotinib-induced skin rash formation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Julian
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University
| | - Takuya Iwamoto
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University
- Department of Pharmacy, Mie University Hospital
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Pulmonary immune cell transcriptome changes in double-hit model of BPD induced by chorioamnionitis and postnatal hyperoxia. Pediatr Res 2021; 90:565-575. [PMID: 33446917 PMCID: PMC7808307 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01319-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) have lifelong increased risk of respiratory morbidities associated with environmental pathogen exposure and underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The resident immune cells of the lung play vital roles in host defense. However, the effect of perinatal events associated with BPD on pulmonary-specific immune cells is not well understood. METHODS We used a double-hit model of BPD induced by prenatal chorioamnionitis followed by postnatal hyperoxia, and performed a global transcriptome analysis of all resident pulmonary immune cells. RESULTS We show significant up-regulation of genes involved in chemokine-mediated signaling and immune cell chemotaxis, and down-regulation of genes involved in multiple T lymphocyte functions. Multiple genes involved in T cell receptor signaling are downregulated and Cd8a gene expression remains downregulated at 2 months of age in spite of recovery in normoxia for 6 weeks. Furthermore, the proportion of CD8a+CD3+ pulmonary immune cells is decreased. CONCLUSIONS Our study has highlighted that perinatal lung inflammation in a double-hit model of BPD results in short- and long-term dysregulation of genes associated with the pulmonary T cell receptor signaling pathway, which may contribute to increased environmental pathogen-associated respiratory morbidities seen in children and adults with BPD. IMPACT In a translationally relevant double-hit model of BPD induced by chorioamnionitis and postnatal hyperoxia, we identified pulmonary immune cell-specific transcriptomic changes and showed that T cell receptor signaling genes are downregulated in short term and long term. This is the first comprehensive report delineating transcriptomic changes in resident immune cells of the lung in a translationally relevant double-hit model of BPD. Our study identifies novel resident pulmonary immune cell-specific targets for potential therapeutic modulation to improve short- and long-term respiratory health of preterm infants with BPD.
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Dupuis J, Sirois MG, Rhéaume E, Nguyen QT, Clavet-Lanthier MÉ, Brand G, Mihalache-Avram T, Théberge-Julien G, Charpentier D, Rhainds D, Neagoe PE, Tardif JC. Colchicine reduces lung injury in experimental acute respiratory distress syndrome. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242318. [PMID: 33264297 PMCID: PMC7710059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by intense dysregulated inflammation leading to acute lung injury (ALI) and respiratory failure. There are no effective pharmacologic therapies for ARDS. Colchicine is a low-cost, widely available drug, effective in the treatment of inflammatory conditions. We studied the effects of colchicine pre-treatment on oleic acid-induced ARDS in rats. Rats were treated with colchicine (1 mg/kg) or placebo for three days prior to intravenous oleic acid-induced ALI (150 mg/kg). Four hours later they were studied and compared to a sham group. Colchicine reduced the area of histological lung injury by 61%, reduced lung edema, and markedly improved oxygenation by increasing PaO2/FiO2 from 66 ± 13 mmHg (mean ± SEM) to 246 ± 45 mmHg compared to 380 ± 18 mmHg in sham animals. Colchicine also reduced PaCO2 and respiratory acidosis. Lung neutrophil recruitment, assessed by myeloperoxidase immunostaining, was greatly increased after injury from 1.16 ± 0.19% to 8.86 ± 0.66% and significantly reduced by colchicine to 5.95 ± 1.13%. Increased lung NETosis was also reduced by therapy. Circulating leukocytosis after ALI was not reduced by colchicine therapy, but neutrophils reactivity and CD4 and CD8 cell surface expression on lymphocyte populations were restored. Colchicine reduces ALI and respiratory failure in experimental ARDS in relation with reduced lung neutrophil recruitment and reduced circulating leukocyte activation. This study supports the clinical development of colchicine for the prevention of ARDS in conditions causing ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Dupuis
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martin G. Sirois
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric Rhéaume
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Quang T. Nguyen
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Genevieve Brand
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | | - David Rhainds
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Williams KM, Wang H, Paulsen MJ, Thakore AD, Rieck M, Lucian HJ, Grady F, Hironaka CE, Chien AJ, Farry JM, Shin HS, Jaatinen KJ, Eskandari A, Stapleton LM, Steele AN, Cohen JE, Woo YJ. Safety of photosynthetic Synechococcus elongatus for in vivo cyanobacteria-mammalian symbiotic therapeutics. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 13:1780-1792. [PMID: 32476224 PMCID: PMC7533327 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus (SE) has been shown to rescue ischaemic heart muscle after myocardial infarction by photosynthetic oxygen production. Here, we investigated SE toxicity and hypothesized that systemic SE exposure does not elicit a significant immune response in rats. Wistar rats intravenously received SE (n = 12), sterile saline (n = 12) or E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS, n = 4), and a subset (8 SE, 8 saline) received a repeat injection 4 weeks later. At baseline, 4 h, 24 h, 48 h, 8 days and 4 weeks after injection, clinical assessments, blood cultures, blood counts, lymphocyte phenotypes, liver function tests, proinflammatory cytokines and immunoglobulins were assessed. Across all metrics, SE rats responded comparably to saline controls, displaying no clinically significant immune response. As expected, LPS rats exhibited severe immunological responses. Systemic SE administration does not induce sepsis or toxicity in rats, thereby supporting the safety of cyanobacteria-mammalian symbiotic therapeutics using this organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiah M. Williams
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University300 Pasteur Drive, Falk Cardiovascular Research BuildingStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Hanjay Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University300 Pasteur Drive, Falk Cardiovascular Research BuildingStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Michael J. Paulsen
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University300 Pasteur Drive, Falk Cardiovascular Research BuildingStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Akshara D. Thakore
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University300 Pasteur Drive, Falk Cardiovascular Research BuildingStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Mary Rieck
- Beckman Center for Molecular and Genetic MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
| | - Haley J. Lucian
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University300 Pasteur Drive, Falk Cardiovascular Research BuildingStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Frederick Grady
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University300 Pasteur Drive, Falk Cardiovascular Research BuildingStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Camille E. Hironaka
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University300 Pasteur Drive, Falk Cardiovascular Research BuildingStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Athena J. Chien
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University300 Pasteur Drive, Falk Cardiovascular Research BuildingStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Justin M. Farry
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University300 Pasteur Drive, Falk Cardiovascular Research BuildingStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Hye Sook Shin
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University300 Pasteur Drive, Falk Cardiovascular Research BuildingStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Kevin J. Jaatinen
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University300 Pasteur Drive, Falk Cardiovascular Research BuildingStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Anahita Eskandari
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University300 Pasteur Drive, Falk Cardiovascular Research BuildingStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Lyndsay M. Stapleton
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University300 Pasteur Drive, Falk Cardiovascular Research BuildingStanfordCA94305USA
- Department of BioengineeringStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
| | - Amanda N. Steele
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University300 Pasteur Drive, Falk Cardiovascular Research BuildingStanfordCA94305USA
- Department of BioengineeringStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
| | - Jeffrey E. Cohen
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University300 Pasteur Drive, Falk Cardiovascular Research BuildingStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Y. Joseph Woo
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University300 Pasteur Drive, Falk Cardiovascular Research BuildingStanfordCA94305USA
- Department of BioengineeringStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
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Turner-Stokes T, Garcia Diaz A, Pinheiro D, Prendecki M, McAdoo SP, Roufosse C, Cook HT, Pusey CD, Woollard KJ. Live Imaging of Monocyte Subsets in Immune Complex-Mediated Glomerulonephritis Reveals Distinct Phenotypes and Effector Functions. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:2523-2542. [PMID: 32868399 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019121326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune complexes within glomerular capillary walls cause crescentic GN (CrGN). Monocytes and macrophages are important in mediating CrGN, but little work has been done to phenotype the subpopulations involved and determine their respective contributions to glomerular inflammation. METHODS Live glomerular imaging using confocal microscopy monitored intravascular monocyte subset behavior during nephrotoxic nephritis (NTN) in a novel WKY-hCD68-GFP monocyte/macrophage reporter rat strain. Flow cytometry and qPCR further analyzed ex vivo the glomerular leukocyte infiltrate during NTN. RESULTS Non-classical monocytes surveyed the glomerular endothelium via lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) in the steady state. During NTN, non-classical monocytes were recruited first, but subsequent recruitment and retention of classical monocytes was associated with glomerular damage. Monocytes recruited to the glomerular vasculature did not undergo transendothelial migration. This finding suggests that inflammation in immune complex-mediated CrGN is predominantly intravascular, driven by dynamic interactions between intravascular blood monocytes and the endothelium. Glomerular endothelium and non-classical monocytes overexpressed a distinct chemokine axis, which may orchestrate inflammatory myeloid cell recruitment and expression of damage mediators. Reduced classical monocyte recruitment in Lewis rats during NTN confirmed a role for CD16 in mediating glomerular damage. CONCLUSIONS Monocyte subsets with distinct phenotypes and effector functions may be important in driving inflammation in experimental CrGN resulting from immune complexes formed within the glomerular capillary wall. LFA-1-dependent endothelial surveillance by non-classical monocytes may detect immune complexes through CD16, orchestrating the inflammatory response through intravascular retention of classical monocytes, which results in glomerular damage and proteinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Garcia Diaz
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Damilola Pinheiro
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Prendecki
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen P McAdoo
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Candice Roufosse
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - H Terence Cook
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Charles D Pusey
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kevin J Woollard
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Mercel AI, Gillis DC, Sun K, Dandurand BR, Weiss JM, Tsihlis ND, Maile R, Kibbe MR. A comparative study of a preclinical survival model of smoke inhalation injury in mice and rats. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L471-L480. [PMID: 32697601 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00241.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoke inhalation injury increases morbidity and mortality. Clinically relevant animal models are necessary for the continued investigation of the pathophysiology of inhalation injury and the development of therapeutics. The goal of our research was threefold: 1) to develop a reproducible survival model of smoke inhalation injury in rats that closely resembled our previous mouse model, 2) to validate the rat smoke inhalation injury model using a variety of laboratory techniques, and 3) to compare and contrast our rat model with both the well-established mouse model and previously published rat models to highlight our improvements on smoke delivery and lung injury. Mice and rats were anesthetized, intubated, and placed in custom-built smoke chambers to passively inhale woodchip-generated smoke. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue were collected for confirmatory tests. Lung sections were hematoxylin and eosin stained, lung edema was assessed with wet-to-dry (W/D) ratio, and inflammatory cell infiltration and cytokine elevation were evaluated using flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA. We confirmed that our mouse and rat models of smoke inhalation injury mimic the injury seen after human burn inhalation injury with evidence of pulmonary edema, neutrophil infiltration, and inflammatory cytokine elevation. Interestingly, rats mounted a more severe immunological response compared with mice. In summary, we successfully validated a reliable and clinically translatable survival model of lung injury and immune response in rats and mice and characterized the extent of this injury. These animal models allow for the continued study of smoke inhalation pathophysiology to ultimately develop a better therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra I Mercel
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - David C Gillis
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kui Sun
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Brooke R Dandurand
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jenna M Weiss
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Nick D Tsihlis
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Rob Maile
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Curriculum of Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Melina R Kibbe
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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42
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Teuben MPJ, Hofman M, Greven J, Shehu A, Teuber H, Pfeifer R, Pape HC, Hildebrand F. Altered cell surface receptor dynamics and circulatory occurrence of neutrophils in a small animal fracture model. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:153108. [PMID: 32853946 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Excessive activation of the immune response after femoral fractures and fracture fixation is potentially associated with the development of systemic and local complications, particularly in multiple trauma patients. A dysregulated function of neutrophils, the most prevailing immune cells in circulation, has been discussed as a central pathophysiological background for these unfavourable post-traumatic courses. Our aim was to investigate alterations in activity and functionality as expressed by the cell surface receptor dynamics of circulatory neutrophils after femoral fracture and intramedullary stabilization. MATERIAL AND METHODS After intramedullary stabilization, an isolated femur fracture was induced in 18 Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were terminated at different time points, i.e. after 3 (n = 5, group 3d), 7 (n = 5, group 7d) and 14 (n = 5, Group 14d) days and grouped accordingly. Additionally, baseline measurements were performed in one control animal per study group (n = 3) after anaesthesia induction and termination, without prior intramedullary nailing and fracture induction. The numbers and cell surface expression of CD11b, CD11a, CD62 L, and CD49d of circulating neutrophils were compared between groups. RESULTS Neutrophil numbers were significantly reduced at 3 days compared with baseline measurements (1.2 × 105 vs. 6.3 × 105 cells/mL, p < 0.01). By day 7, neutrophil counts significantly increased back to homeostatic levels (p < 0.05). At day 3, CD11b-expression was significantly reduced, whereas CD11a-expression was increased compared with the baseline measurements (p < 0.05). At day 7, the circulatory neutrophil pool exhibited a unique CD11bhigh/CD11ahigh-neutrophil subset showing a significantly increased co-expression of CD49d. The expression of CD62 L did not change significantly throughout the experiment compared with baseline measurements. CONCLUSIONS This descriptive small animal fracture study is the first to show that an intramedullary stabilized femur fracture is associated with a temporary reduction in circulatory neutrophil count and concurrent changes in circulatory neutrophil function. Moreover, we demonstrated that the restoration to homeostatic neutrophil activation status occurs concomitantly with the appearance of a novel neutrophil subtype (CD11bhigh/CD11ahigh) in circulation. Our fundamental new findings of the changes in circulatory neutrophil count and functionality after trauma form an excellent basis for future studies to further elucidate the role of neutrophils as activators and regulators of different post-traumatic processes, potentially resulting in local (e.g., fracture healing disturbances) or systemic (e.g., MODS) complications. This might result in the development of specific therapies to reduce adverse outcomes after trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel P J Teuben
- Department of Traumatology and Harald Tscherne Research Laboratory, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistraße 10, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Martijn Hofman
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Aachen Medical Center, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Johannes Greven
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Aachen Medical Center, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Alba Shehu
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Aachen Medical Center, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Henrik Teuber
- Department of Traumatology and Harald Tscherne Research Laboratory, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistraße 10, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Roman Pfeifer
- Department of Traumatology and Harald Tscherne Research Laboratory, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistraße 10, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Hans-Christoph Pape
- Department of Traumatology and Harald Tscherne Research Laboratory, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistraße 10, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Frank Hildebrand
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Aachen Medical Center, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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Donor Leukocyte Trafficking and Damage-associated Molecular Pattern Expression During Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion. Transplant Direct 2020; 6:e532. [PMID: 32195323 PMCID: PMC7056278 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000000968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. While ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) has become established in lung transplantation, the cellular processes occurring during this period are not yet fully understood. Prior studies demonstrated that donor leukocytes (DLs) migrate from the graft into the perfusate during EVLP, but the distribution of DLs in graft and perfusate compartments has not been characterized. Moreover, cell death of DLs has been implicated in mediating graft injury during EVLP, but the underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated. We hypothesized the following: (1) there is a nonspecific migration of DLs from the graft into perfusate and (2) cell death of DLs releases damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that contribute to the inflammatory milieu during EVLP. Methods. EVLP was performed on rat lungs for 3 hours (N = 6). At the end of EVLP, flow cytometry was used to quantify the distribution of different DL cell types in both the graft and perfusate compartments. During EVLP, the perfusate was also sampled hourly to measure levels of DAMPs and downstream inflammatory cytokines generated during EVLP. Results. At the conclusion of EVLP, there was a significantly higher proportion of T and B cells present in the perfusate compartment compared with the graft compartment. There was a time-dependent increase in extracellular DNA and tumor necrosis factor α in the perfusate during EVLP. Conclusions. T cells and B cells are enriched in the perfusate compartment during EVLP. Cell death of DLs contributes to an accumulation of DAMPs during EVLP.
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Irvine KM, Caruso M, Cestari MF, Davis GM, Keshvari S, Sehgal A, Pridans C, Hume DA. Analysis of the impact of CSF‐1 administration in adult rats using a novel
Csf1r
‐mApple reporter gene. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 107:221-235. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.ma0519-149r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Melanie Caruso
- Mater Research The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
| | | | - Gemma M. Davis
- Faculty of Life Sciences The University of Manchester Manchester United Kingdom
| | - Sahar Keshvari
- Mater Research The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
| | - Anuj Sehgal
- Mater Research The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
| | - Clare Pridans
- Centre for Inflammation Research The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh United Kingdom
| | - David A. Hume
- Mater Research The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
- Centre for Inflammation Research The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh United Kingdom
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Kloth C, Gruben N, Ochs M, Knudsen L, Lopez-Rodriguez E. Flow cytometric analysis of the leukocyte landscape during bleomycin-induced lung injury and fibrosis in the rat. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 317:L109-L126. [PMID: 31042078 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00176.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bleomycin-induced lung injury and fibrosis is a well-described model to investigate lung inflammatory and remodeling mechanisms. Rat models are clinically relevant and are also widely used, but rat bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells are not fully characterized with flow cytometry due to the limited availability of antibodies for this species. We optimized a comprehensive time-dependent flow cytometric analysis of cells after bleomycin challenge, confirming previous studies in other species and correlating them to histological staining, cytokine profiling, and collagen accumulation analysis in rat lungs. For this purpose, we describe a novel panel of rat surface markers and a strategy to identify and follow BAL cells over time. By combining surface markers in rat alveolar cells (CD45+), granulocytes and other myeloid cells, monocytes and macrophages can be identified by the expression of CD11b/c. Moreover, different activation states of macrophages (CD163+) can be observed: steady state (CD86-MHC-IIlow), activation during inflammation (CD86+,MHC-IIhigh), activation during remodeling (CD86+MHC-IIlow), and a population of newly recruited monocytes (CD163-α-granulocyte-). Hydroxyproline measured as marker of collagen content in lung tissue showed positive correlation with the reparative phase (CD163- cells and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) and IL-10 increase). In conclusion, after a very early granulocytic recruitment, inflammation in rat lungs is observed by activated macrophages, and high release of IL-6 and fibrotic remodeling is characterized by recovery of the macrophage population together with TIMP, IL-10, and IL-18 production. Recruited monocytes and a second peak of granulocytes appear in the transitioning phase, correlating with immunostaining of arginase-1 in the tissue, revealing the importance of events leading the changes from injury to aberrant repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kloth
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL) , Hannover , Germany.,Cluster of excellence REBIRTH (From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hannover , Germany.,Institute of Experimental Haematology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| | - Nele Gruben
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL) , Hannover , Germany.,Cluster of excellence REBIRTH (From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hannover , Germany
| | - Matthias Ochs
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL) , Hannover , Germany.,Cluster of excellence REBIRTH (From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hannover , Germany.,Institute of Vegetative Anatomy, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin , Germany
| | - Lars Knudsen
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL) , Hannover , Germany.,Cluster of excellence REBIRTH (From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hannover , Germany
| | - Elena Lopez-Rodriguez
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL) , Hannover , Germany.,Cluster of excellence REBIRTH (From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hannover , Germany.,Institute of Vegetative Anatomy, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin , Germany
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46
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Balabekova MK, Ostapchuk YO, Perfilyeva YV, Tokusheva AN, Nurmuhambetov A, Tuhvatshin RR, Trubachev VV, Akhmetov ZB, Abdolla N, Kairanbayeva GK, Sulev K, Belyaev NN. Oral administration of ammonium metavanadate and potassium dichromate distorts the inflammatory reaction induced by turpentine oil injection in male rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 44:277-285. [PMID: 30849244 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1585446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution is rapidly increasing in the environment. It has been shown that exposure to vanadium and chromium is able to alter the immune response. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which these metal pollutants mediate their immunomodulatory effects are not completely understood. Herein, we examined the effect of ammonium metavanadate and potassium dichromate on the development of an inflammatory response caused by subcutaneous injection of turpentine oil. We demonstrated that pretreatment of rats with ammonium metavanadate and potassium dichromate for two weeks prior to initiation of the inflammatory response resulted in a wider zone of necrosis surrounding the site of inflammation. The acute inflammatory process in the combined model was characterized by elevated serum levels of IL-10 and decreased serum levels of IL-6 as compared to rats not treated with ammonium metavanadate and potassium dichromate. Ammonium metavanadate and potassium dichromate administration induced a decrease in the proportion of splenic His48HighCD11b/c+ myeloid cells accompanied by a reduced infiltration of the wound with neutrophils. Further analysis showed decreased proportions of CD3+CD4+IFNγ+ and CD3+CD4+IL-4+ T cells in the rats with combined model as compared to inflamed rats not treated with ammonium metavanadate and potassium dichromate. The data suggest that consumption of vanadium and chromium compounds disrupts the inflammatory response through an altered balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and inhibition of effector T cell activation and neutrophil expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina K Balabekova
- Department of Pathological Physiology, S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Yekaterina O Ostapchuk
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunobiotechnology, M.A. Aitkhozhin's Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Yuliya V Perfilyeva
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunobiotechnology, M.A. Aitkhozhin's Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Aliya N Tokusheva
- Department of Pathological Physiology, S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Adilman Nurmuhambetov
- Department of Pathological Physiology, S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Rustam R Tuhvatshin
- Department of Pathophysiology, I.K. Akhunbaev Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Vasiliy V Trubachev
- Department of Pathological Physiology, S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhaugashty B Akhmetov
- Department of Pathological Physiology, S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Nurshat Abdolla
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunobiotechnology, M.A. Aitkhozhin's Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Gulgul K Kairanbayeva
- Department of Pathological Physiology, S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Koks Sulev
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nikolai N Belyaev
- Department of New Technology, Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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Martin BL, Thompson LC, Kim Y, Williams W, Snow SJ, Schladweiler MC, Phillips P, King C, Richards J, Haykal-Coates N, Higuchi M, Ian Gilmour M, Kodavanti UP, Hazari MS, Farraj AK. Acute peat smoke inhalation sensitizes rats to the postprandial cardiometabolic effects of a high fat oral load. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 643:378-391. [PMID: 29940449 PMCID: PMC7003129 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Wildland fire emissions cause adverse cardiopulmonary outcomes, yet controlled exposure studies to characterize health impacts of specific biomass sources have been complicated by the often latent effects of air pollution. The aim of this study was to determine if postprandial responses after a high fat challenge, long used clinically to predict cardiovascular risk, would unmask latent cardiometabolic responses in rats exposed to peat smoke, a key wildland fire air pollution source. Male Wistar Kyoto rats were exposed once (1 h) to filtered air (FA), or low (0.36 mg/m3 particulate matter) or high concentrations (3.30 mg/m3) of peat smoke, generated by burning peat from an Irish bog. Rats were then fasted overnight, and then administered an oral gavage of a HF suspension (60 kcal% from fat), mimicking a HF meal, 24 h post-exposure. In one cohort, cardiac and superior mesenteric artery function were assessed using high frequency ultrasound 2 h post gavage. In a second cohort, circulating lipids and hormones, pulmonary and systemic inflammatory markers, and circulating monocyte phenotype using flow cytometry were assessed before or 2 or 6 h after gavage. HF gavage alone elicited increases in circulating lipids characteristic of postprandial responses to a HF meal. Few effects were evident after peat exposure in un-gavaged rats. By contrast, exposure to low or high peat caused several changes relative to FA-exposed rats 2 and 6 h post HF gavage including increased heart isovolumic relaxation time, decreased serum glucose and insulin, increased CD11 b/c-expressing blood monocytes, increased serum total cholesterol, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, and alpha-2 macroglobulin (p = 0.063), decreased serum corticosterone, and increased lung gamma-glutamyl transferase. In summary, these findings demonstrate that a HF challenge reveals effects of air pollution that may otherwise be imperceptible, particularly at low exposure levels, and suggest exposure may sensitize the body to mild inflammatory triggers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandi L Martin
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, 1299 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, United States
| | - Leslie C Thompson
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Yongho Kim
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Wanda Williams
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Samantha J Snow
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Mette C Schladweiler
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Pamela Phillips
- Toxicity Assessment Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, RTP, NC, United States
| | - Charly King
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Judy Richards
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Najwa Haykal-Coates
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Mark Higuchi
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - M Ian Gilmour
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Urmila P Kodavanti
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Mehdi S Hazari
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Aimen K Farraj
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States.
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Dad A, Revollo JR, Petibone DM, Pearce MG, Heflich RH, Dobrovolsky VN. Analysis of mutation in the rat Pig-a assay: II. Studies with bone marrow granulocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2018; 59:733-741. [PMID: 30091248 DOI: 10.1002/em.22210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The in vivo erythrocyte Pig-a gene mutation assay measures the phenotypic loss of GPI-anchored surface markers. Molecular analysis of the marker-deficient erythrocytes cannot provide direct proof that the mutant phenotype is due to mutation in the Pig-a gene because mammalian erythrocytes lack genomic DNA. Granulocytes are nucleated cells that originate from myeloid progenitor cells in bone marrow as is the case for erythrocytes, and thus analysis of Pig-a mutation in bone marrow granulocytes can provide information about the source of mutations detected in the erythrocyte Pig-a assay. We developed a flow cytometric Pig-a assay for bone marrow granulocytes and evaluated granulocyte Pig-a mutant frequencies in bone marrow from male rats treated acutely with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU). Bone marrow cells from these rats were stained with anti-CD11b for identifying granulocytes and anti-CD48 for detecting the Pig-a mutant phenotype. The average Pig-a mutant frequency in granulocyte precursors of control rats was 8.42 × 10-6 , whereas in ENU-treated rats it was 567.13 × 10-6 . CD11b-positive/CD48-deficient mutant cells were enriched using magnetic separation and sorted into small pools for sequencing. While there were no Pig-a mutations found in sorted CD48-positive wild-type cells, Pig-a mutations were detected in mutant granulocyte precursors. The most frequent mutation observed was T→A transversion, followed by T→C transition and T→G transversion, with the mutated T on the nontranscribed DNA strand. While the spectrum of mutations in bone marrow granulocytes was similar to that of erythroid cells, different Pig-a mutations were found in mutant-phenotype granulocytes and erythroids from the same bone marrow samples, suggesting that most Pig-a mutations were induced in bone marrow cells after commitment to either the granulocyte or erythroid developmental pathway. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 59:733-741, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azra Dad
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas
| | - Javier R Revollo
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas
| | - Dayton M Petibone
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas
| | - Mason G Pearce
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas
| | - Robert H Heflich
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas
| | - Vasily N Dobrovolsky
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas
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49
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Bhardwaj N, Khurana S, Kumar S, Sagar S, Gupta A, Mishra B, Soni KD, Mathur P. CD14+ Monocytic Cytokines: Impact on Outcome in Severely Injured Patients. Indian J Crit Care Med 2018; 22:528-532. [PMID: 30111929 PMCID: PMC6069305 DOI: 10.4103/ijccm.ijccm_442_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Trauma is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Trauma patients, who presented to the hospital casualty department within 24 h of injury, further admitted to the Surgical Intensive Care Unit were enrolled in this study. Materials and Methods: The aim was to study the peripheral blood monocyte activity to produce tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1) β, IL-6, and IL-8 in severely injured patients after trauma. Result: A total of 28 polytrauma patients were enrolled and observed that the levels of TNF-α, IL-1 β, IL-6, and IL-8 were significantly decreased and levels of IL-8 were increased in the fatal patients compared to the healthy controls. Conclusion: After trauma, an immediate hyperactivation of circulating monocytes is rapidly followed by a substantial paralysis of cell function. Decreased activity of monocytes can be used to identify potential fatal immunological disruption. Since immunological disruption occurs before clinical symptoms; our study proposes an immunological prognostication score for trauma victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Bhardwaj
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Surbhi Khurana
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sushma Sagar
- Department of Surgery, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Gupta
- Department of Surgery, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Biplap Mishra
- Department of Surgery, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kapil Dev Soni
- Department of Neuroanesthesia, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Purva Mathur
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Lewis AJM, Miller JJ, Lau AZ, Curtis MK, Rider OJ, Choudhury RP, Neubauer S, Cunningham CH, Carr CA, Tyler DJ. Noninvasive Immunometabolic Cardiac Inflammation Imaging Using Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance. Circ Res 2018; 122:1084-1093. [PMID: 29440071 PMCID: PMC5908252 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.312535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Current cardiovascular clinical imaging techniques offer only limited assessment of innate immune cell-driven inflammation, which is a potential therapeutic target in myocardial infarction (MI) and other diseases. Hyperpolarized magnetic resonance (MR) is an emerging imaging technology that generates contrast agents with 10- to 20 000-fold improvements in MR signal, enabling cardiac metabolite mapping. OBJECTIVE To determine whether hyperpolarized MR using [1-13C]pyruvate can assess the local cardiac inflammatory response after MI. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MR studies in small and large animal models of MI and in macrophage-like cell lines and measured the resulting [1-13C]lactate signals. MI caused intense [1-13C]lactate signal in healing myocardial segments at both day 3 and 7 after rodent MI, which was normalized at both time points after monocyte/macrophage depletion. A near-identical [1-13C]lactate signature was also seen at day 7 after experimental MI in pigs. Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MR spectroscopy in macrophage-like cell suspensions demonstrated that macrophage activation and polarization with lipopolysaccharide almost doubled hyperpolarized lactate label flux rates in vitro; blockade of glycolysis with 2-deoxyglucose in activated cells normalized lactate label flux rates and markedly inhibited the production of key proinflammatory cytokines. Systemic administration of 2-deoxyglucose after rodent MI normalized the hyperpolarized [1-13C]lactate signal in healing myocardial segments at day 3 and also caused dose-dependent improvement in IL (interleukin)-1β expression in infarct tissue without impairing the production of key reparative cytokines. Cine MRI demonstrated improvements in systolic function in 2-DG (2-deoxyglucose)-treated rats at 3 months. CONCLUSIONS Hyperpolarized MR using [1-13C]pyruvate provides a novel method for the assessment of innate immune cell-driven inflammation in the heart after MI, with broad potential applicability across other cardiovascular disease states and suitability for early clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J M Lewis
- From the Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (A.J.M.L., J.J.M., M.K.C., C.A.C., D.J.T.), Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory (J.J.M.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.M.L., O.J.R., R.P.C., S.N.), and Acute Vascular Imaging Centre (R.P.C.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.L., C.H.C.)
| | - Jack J Miller
- From the Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (A.J.M.L., J.J.M., M.K.C., C.A.C., D.J.T.), Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory (J.J.M.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.M.L., O.J.R., R.P.C., S.N.), and Acute Vascular Imaging Centre (R.P.C.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.L., C.H.C.)
| | - Angus Z Lau
- From the Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (A.J.M.L., J.J.M., M.K.C., C.A.C., D.J.T.), Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory (J.J.M.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.M.L., O.J.R., R.P.C., S.N.), and Acute Vascular Imaging Centre (R.P.C.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.L., C.H.C.)
| | - Mary K Curtis
- From the Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (A.J.M.L., J.J.M., M.K.C., C.A.C., D.J.T.), Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory (J.J.M.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.M.L., O.J.R., R.P.C., S.N.), and Acute Vascular Imaging Centre (R.P.C.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.L., C.H.C.)
| | - Oliver J Rider
- From the Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (A.J.M.L., J.J.M., M.K.C., C.A.C., D.J.T.), Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory (J.J.M.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.M.L., O.J.R., R.P.C., S.N.), and Acute Vascular Imaging Centre (R.P.C.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.L., C.H.C.)
| | - Robin P Choudhury
- From the Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (A.J.M.L., J.J.M., M.K.C., C.A.C., D.J.T.), Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory (J.J.M.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.M.L., O.J.R., R.P.C., S.N.), and Acute Vascular Imaging Centre (R.P.C.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.L., C.H.C.)
| | - Stefan Neubauer
- From the Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (A.J.M.L., J.J.M., M.K.C., C.A.C., D.J.T.), Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory (J.J.M.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.M.L., O.J.R., R.P.C., S.N.), and Acute Vascular Imaging Centre (R.P.C.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.L., C.H.C.)
| | - Charles H Cunningham
- From the Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (A.J.M.L., J.J.M., M.K.C., C.A.C., D.J.T.), Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory (J.J.M.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.M.L., O.J.R., R.P.C., S.N.), and Acute Vascular Imaging Centre (R.P.C.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.L., C.H.C.)
| | - Carolyn A Carr
- From the Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (A.J.M.L., J.J.M., M.K.C., C.A.C., D.J.T.), Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory (J.J.M.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.M.L., O.J.R., R.P.C., S.N.), and Acute Vascular Imaging Centre (R.P.C.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.L., C.H.C.)
| | - Damian J Tyler
- From the Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (A.J.M.L., J.J.M., M.K.C., C.A.C., D.J.T.), Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory (J.J.M.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.M.L., O.J.R., R.P.C., S.N.), and Acute Vascular Imaging Centre (R.P.C.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.L., C.H.C.).
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