1
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Sá JM, Lopes SDC, Santos MJ, Alves M, Lages ADS. Multiple basal infusion rates in open-loop insulin delivery systems: is there a metabolic benefit? ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2024; 68:e230055. [PMID: 38394157 PMCID: PMC10948030 DOI: 10.20945/2359-4292-2023-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate glycemic control according to the number of daily basal rates (BRs) in type 1 diabetes patients using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). Subjects and methods Cross-sectional study of patients treated with an open-loop CSII for at least 6 months and using a flash glucose monitoring system. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (G1) and group 2 (G2), with ≤4 and >4 BRs/24h, respectively. The groups were compared regarding HbA1c, time in range (TIR), time above range (TAR), time below range (TBR), glucose management indicator (GMI), glucose variability and data related to hypoglycemia. Regression models were performed. Results The study included 99 patients (n = 55 in G1; n = 44 in G2). Median (Interquartile range) overall age was 30 (17) years, with 19.5 (48) and 51 (77) months of CSII use, respectively. The median number of different BRs was 3 (2) for G1 and 6 (2) for G2. There were no differences concerning age, sex, educational stage, weight, and insulin analog used. G2 had longer disease duration, longer CSII use, and higher total basal daily dose/kg. No significant differences regarding HbA1c, median glucose, GMI, TIR, TAR, and CV were found. G2 patients had more hypoglycemia, more asymptomatic hypoglycemia, and higher TBR. After adjusting for potential confounders, G1 maintained a lower risk of asymptomatic hypoglycemia. Conclusion Programming open-loop CSII devices with more than 4 BRs does not improve metabolic control. Additionally, it seems to be a risk factor for hypoglycemia and was an independent predictor for asymptomatic hypoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marta Alves
- Serviço de Endocrinologia do Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
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2
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Iworima DG, Baker RK, Ellis C, Sherwood C, Zhan L, Rezania A, Piret JM, Kieffer TJ. Metabolic switching, growth kinetics and cell yields in the scalable manufacture of stem cell-derived insulin-producing cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:1. [PMID: 38167219 PMCID: PMC10762849 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03574-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is a disease affecting over 500 million people globally due to insulin insufficiency or insensitivity. For individuals with type 1 diabetes, pancreatic islet transplantation can help regulate their blood glucose levels. However, the scarcity of cadaveric donor islets limits the number of people that could receive this therapy. To address this issue, human pluripotent stem cells offer a potentially unlimited source for generating insulin-producing cells through directed differentiation. Several protocols have been developed to make stem cell-derived insulin-producing cells. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the bioprocess parameters associated with these differentiation protocols and how they can be utilized to increase the cell yield. METHODS We investigated various bioprocess parameters and quality target product profiles that may influence the differentiation pipeline using a seven-stage protocol in a scalable manner with CellSTACKs and vertical wheel bioreactors (PBS-Minis). RESULTS Cells maintained > 80% viability through all stages of differentiation and appropriately expressed stage-specific markers. During the initial four stages leading up to the development of pancreatic progenitors, there was an increase in cell numbers. Following pancreatic progenitor stage, there was a gradual decrease in the percentage of proliferative cells, as determined by Ki67 positivity, and a significant loss of cells during the period of endocrine differentiation. By minimizing the occurrence of aggregate fusion, we were able to enhance cell yield during the later stages of differentiation. We suggest that glucose utilization and lactate production are cell quality attributes that should be considered during the characterization of insulin-producing cells derived from stem cells. Our findings also revealed a gradual metabolic shift from glycolysis, during the initial four stages of pancreatic progenitor formation, to oxidative phosphorylation later on during endocrine differentiation. Furthermore, the resulting insulin-producing cells exhibited a response to several secretagogues, including high glucose. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates process parameters such as glucose consumption and lactate production rates that may be used to facilitate the scalable manufacture of stem cell-derived insulin-producing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diepiriye G Iworima
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Robert K Baker
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Cara Ellis
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chris Sherwood
- Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lisa Zhan
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - James M Piret
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Timothy J Kieffer
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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3
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Wen Q, Chowdhury AI, Aydin B, Shekha M, Stenlid R, Forslund A, Bergsten P. Metformin restores prohormone processing enzymes and normalizes aberrations in secretion of proinsulin and insulin in palmitate-exposed human islets. Diabetes Obes Metab 2023; 25:3757-3765. [PMID: 37694762 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM To elucidate how proinsulin synthesis and insulin was affected by metformin under conditions of nutrient overstimulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Isolated human pancreatic islets from seven donors were cultured at 5.5 mmol/L glucose and 0.5 mmol/L palmitate for 12, 24 or 72 h. Metformin (25 μmol/L) was introduced after initial 12 h with palmitate. Proinsulin and insulin were measured. Expression of prohormone convertase 1/3 (PC1/3) and carboxypeptidase E (CPE), was determined by western blot. Adolescents with obesity, treated with metformin and with normal glucose tolerance (n = 5), prediabetes (n = 14), or type 2 diabetes (T2DM; n = 7) were included. Fasting proinsulin, insulin, glucose, 2-h glucose and glycated haemoglobin were measured. Proinsulin/insulin ratio (PI/I) was calculated. RESULTS In human islets, palmitate treatment for 12 and 24 h increased proinsulin and insulin proportionally. After 72 h, proinsulin but not insulin continued to increase which was coupled with reduced expression of PC1/3 and CPE. Metformin normalized expression of PC1/3 and CPE, and proinsulin and insulin secretion. In adolescents with obesity, before treatment, fasting proinsulin and insulin concentrations were higher in subjects with T2DM than with normal glucose tolerance. PI/I was reduced after metformin treatment in subjects with T2DM as well as in subjects with prediabetes, coupled with reduced 2-h glucose and glycated haemoglobin. CONCLUSIONS Metformin normalized proinsulin and insulin secretion after prolonged nutrient-overstimulation, coupled with normalization of the converting enzymes, in isolated islets. In adolescents with obesity, metformin treatment was associated with improved PI/I, which was coupled with improved glycaemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Wen
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Banu Aydin
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mudhir Shekha
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Rasmus Stenlid
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Paediatric Obesity Clinic, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Forslund
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Paediatric Obesity Clinic, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Bergsten
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Paediatric Obesity Clinic, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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4
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Blanchi B, Taurand M, Colace C, Thomaidou S, Audeoud C, Fantuzzi F, Sawatani T, Gheibi S, Sabadell-Basallote J, Boot FWJ, Chantier T, Piet A, Cavanihac C, Pilette M, Balguerie A, Olleik H, Carlotti F, Ejarque M, Fex M, Mulder H, Cnop M, Eizirik DL, Jouannot O, Gaffuri AL, Czernichow P, Zaldumbide A, Scharfmann R, Ravassard P. EndoC-βH5 cells are storable and ready-to-use human pancreatic beta cells with physiological insulin secretion. Mol Metab 2023; 76:101772. [PMID: 37442376 PMCID: PMC10407753 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Readily accessible human pancreatic beta cells that are functionally close to primary adult beta cells are a crucial model to better understand human beta cell physiology and develop new treatments for diabetes. We here report the characterization of EndoC-βH5 cells, the latest in the EndoC-βH cell family. METHODS EndoC-βH5 cells were generated by integrative gene transfer of immortalizing transgenes hTERT and SV40 large T along with Herpes Simplex Virus-1 thymidine kinase into human fetal pancreas. Immortalizing transgenes were removed after amplification using CRE activation and remaining non-excized cells eliminated using ganciclovir. Resulting cells were distributed as ready to use EndoC-βH5 cells. We performed transcriptome, immunological and extensive functional assays. RESULTS Ready to use EndoC-βH5 cells display highly efficient glucose dependent insulin secretion. A robust 10-fold insulin secretion index was observed and reproduced in four independent laboratories across Europe. EndoC-βH5 cells secrete insulin in a dynamic manner in response to glucose and secretion is further potentiated by GIP and GLP-1 analogs. RNA-seq confirmed abundant expression of beta cell transcription factors and functional markers, including incretin receptors. Cytokines induce a gene expression signature of inflammatory pathways and antigen processing and presentation. Finally, modified HLA-A2 expressing EndoC-βH5 cells elicit specific A2-alloreactive CD8 T cell activation. CONCLUSIONS EndoC-βH5 cells represent a unique storable and ready to use human pancreatic beta cell model with highly robust and reproducible features. Such cells are thus relevant for the study of beta cell function, screening and validation of new drugs, and development of disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claire Colace
- Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Sofia Thomaidou
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Federica Fantuzzi
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Toshiaki Sawatani
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sevda Gheibi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Joan Sabadell-Basallote
- Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain; Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fransje W J Boot
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Aline Piet
- Human Cell Design, Canceropole, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | - Hamza Olleik
- Human Cell Design, Canceropole, Toulouse, France
| | - Françoise Carlotti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Miriam Ejarque
- Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Malin Fex
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Miriam Cnop
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Arnaud Zaldumbide
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Raphaël Scharfmann
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM U1016, Paris, 75014, France
| | - Philippe Ravassard
- Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France.
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5
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Antevska A, Long CC, Dupuy SD, Collier JJ, Karlstad MD, Do TD. Mouse Pancreatic Peptide Hormones Probed at the Sub-Single-Islet Level: The Effects of Acute Corticosterone Treatment. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:235-245. [PMID: 36412564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We combine liquid chromatography coupled with ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry to elucidate how short exposure to corticosterone (Cort) alters the output of mouse pancreatic islet hormones. The workflow enables the robust separation of mouse insulin 1 (Ins1) and insulin 2 (Ins2) and the detection of major islet hormones in a homogenate equivalent to 100-150 islet cells. We show that Ins2 has a unique structure and is degraded much faster than Ins1. Further investigation indicates that Ins2 may populate both T and R states, whereas Ins1 may not. The assemblies of Ins1's B-chain also introduce more structural heterogeneity than Ins2. Collectively, these features account for their unique degradation profiles, the diabetes risk associated with Ins1, and the protective effect of Ins2. In the same experiments, we observe that the ratio of amylin to Ins1 increased significantly in Cort-treated mice (15:1) compared to the control mice (42:1), correlating well with β-cell proliferation observed in immunoassays on the same animal model. We observe no increase in intact full-length insulin levels but more of the truncated forms, indicating that enzymatic activity is accelerated. Our data provide a molecular basis for reduced insulin action induced by Cort and connections between insulin turnover and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Antevska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee37996, United States
| | - Connor C Long
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee37996, United States
| | - Samuel D Dupuy
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee37996, United States
| | - J Jason Collier
- Laboratory of Islet Biology and Inflammation, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana70808, United States
| | - Michael D Karlstad
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee37996, United States
| | - Thanh D Do
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee37996, United States
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6
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Katz LS, Argmann C, Lambertini L, Scott DK. T3 and glucose increase expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK1) leading to increased β-cell proliferation. Mol Metab 2022; 66:101646. [PMID: 36455788 PMCID: PMC9731891 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Thyroid hormone (T3) and high glucose concentrations are critical components of β-cell maturation and function. In the present study, we asked whether T3 and glucose signaling pathways coordinately regulate transcription of genes important for β-cell function and proliferation. METHODS RNA-seq analysis was performed on cadaveric human islets from five different donors in response to low and high glucose concentrations and in the presence or absence of T3. Gene expression was also studies in sorted human β-cells, mouse islets and Ins-1 cells by RT-qPCR. Silencing of the thyroid hormone receptors (THR) was conducted using lentiviruses. Proliferation was assessed by ki67 immunostaining in primary human/mouse islets. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assay were preformed to validate interactions of ChREBP and THR. RESULTS We found glucose-mediated expression of carbohydrate response element binding protein alpha and beta (ChREBPα and ChREBPβ) mRNAs and their target genes are highly dependent on T3 concentrations in rodent and human β-cells. In β-cells, T3 and glucose coordinately regulate the expression of ChREBPβ and PCK1 (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-1) among other important genes for β-cell maturation. Additionally, we show the thyroid hormone receptor (THR) and ChREBP interact, and their relative response elements are located near to each other on mutually responsive genes. In FACS-sorted adult human β-cells, we found that high concentrations of glucose and T3 induced the expression of PCK1. Next, we show that overexpression of Pck1 together with dimethyl malate (DMM), a substrate precursor, significantly increased β-cell proliferation in human islets. Finally, using a Cre-Lox approach, we demonstrated that ChREBPβ contributes to Pck1-dependent β-cell proliferation in mouse β-cells. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that T3 and glucose act together to regulate ChREBPβ, leading to increased expression and activity of Pck1, and ultimately increased β-cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liora S. Katz
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Corresponding author. Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L Levy Place, Box 1152, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Carmen Argmann
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Department of Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luca Lambertini
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Donald K. Scott
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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7
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Goode RA, Hum JM, Kalwat MA. Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Pancreatic Islet β-Cell Proliferation, Regeneration, and Replacement. Endocrinology 2022; 164:6836713. [PMID: 36412119 PMCID: PMC9923807 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes results from insufficient insulin production by pancreatic islet β-cells or a loss of β-cells themselves. Restoration of regulated insulin production is a predominant goal of translational diabetes research. Here, we provide a brief overview of recent advances in the fields of β-cell proliferation, regeneration, and replacement. The discovery of therapeutic targets and associated small molecules has been enabled by improved understanding of β-cell development and cell cycle regulation, as well as advanced high-throughput screening methodologies. Important findings in β-cell transdifferentiation, neogenesis, and stem cell differentiation have nucleated multiple promising therapeutic strategies. In particular, clinical trials are underway using in vitro-generated β-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells. Significant challenges remain for each of these strategies, but continued support for efforts in these research areas will be critical for the generation of distinct diabetes therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy A Goode
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Julia M Hum
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michael A Kalwat
- Correspondence: Michael A. Kalwat, PhD, Lilly Diabetes Center of Excellence, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, 1210 Waterway Blvd, Suite 2000, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. or
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8
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Jeyagaran A, Lu CE, Zbinden A, Birkenfeld AL, Brucker SY, Layland SL. Type 1 diabetes and engineering enhanced islet transplantation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 189:114481. [PMID: 36002043 PMCID: PMC9531713 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of new therapeutic approaches to treat type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) relies on the precise understanding and deciphering of insulin-secreting β-cell biology, as well as the mechanisms responsible for their autoimmune destruction. β-cell or islet transplantation is viewed as a potential long-term therapy for the millions of patients with diabetes. To advance the field of insulin-secreting cell transplantation, two main research areas are currently investigated by the scientific community: (1) the identification of the developmental pathways that drive the differentiation of stem cells into insulin-producing cells, providing an inexhaustible source of cells; and (2) transplantation strategies and engineered transplants to provide protection and enhance the functionality of transplanted cells. In this review, we discuss the biology of pancreatic β-cells, pathology of T1D and current state of β-cell differentiation. We give a comprehensive view and discuss the different possibilities to engineer enhanced insulin-secreting cell/islet transplantation from a translational perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiramy Jeyagaran
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany,NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Chuan-en Lu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Aline Zbinden
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas L. Birkenfeld
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Munich, Germany
| | - Sara Y. Brucker
- Department of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Shannon L. Layland
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany,Department of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany,Corresponding author at: Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Silcherstrasse 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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9
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Shrestha S, Saunders DC, Walker JT, Camunas-Soler J, Dai XQ, Haliyur R, Aramandla R, Poffenberger G, Prasad N, Bottino R, Stein R, Cartailler JP, Parker SC, MacDonald PE, Levy SE, Powers AC, Brissova M. Combinatorial transcription factor profiles predict mature and functional human islet α and β cells. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e151621. [PMID: 34428183 PMCID: PMC8492318 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.151621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Islet-enriched transcription factors (TFs) exert broad control over cellular processes in pancreatic α and β cells, and changes in their expression are associated with developmental state and diabetes. However, the implications of heterogeneity in TF expression across islet cell populations are not well understood. To define this TF heterogeneity and its consequences for cellular function, we profiled more than 40,000 cells from normal human islets by single-cell RNA-Seq and stratified α and β cells based on combinatorial TF expression. Subpopulations of islet cells coexpressing ARX/MAFB (α cells) and MAFA/MAFB (β cells) exhibited greater expression of key genes related to glucose sensing and hormone secretion relative to subpopulations expressing only one or neither TF. Moreover, all subpopulations were identified in native pancreatic tissue from multiple donors. By Patch-Seq, MAFA/MAFB-coexpressing β cells showed enhanced electrophysiological activity. Thus, these results indicate that combinatorial TF expression in islet α and β cells predicts highly functional, mature subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shristi Shrestha
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Creative Data Solutions, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Diane C Saunders
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - John T Walker
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joan Camunas-Soler
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Xiao-Qing Dai
- Alberta Diabetes Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rachana Haliyur
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Radhika Aramandla
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Greg Poffenberger
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nripesh Prasad
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, USA
| | - Rita Bottino
- Imagine Pharma, Devon, Pennsylvania, USA.,Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny-Singer Research Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Roland Stein
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Stephen Cj Parker
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Patrick E MacDonald
- Alberta Diabetes Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shawn E Levy
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, USA
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Marcela Brissova
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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10
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Lau H, Khosrawipour T, Li S, Alexander M, Frelkiewicz P, Labbé MK, Stieglitz S, Lakey JRT, Kielan W, Khosrawipour V. Exploring Insulin Production Following Alveolar Islet Transplantation (AIT). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910185. [PMID: 34638521 PMCID: PMC8508311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated the feasibility of islet implantation into the alveoli. However, until today, there are no data on islet behavior and morphology at their transplant site. This study is the first to investigate islet distribution as well insulin production at the implant site. Using an ex vivo postmortem swine model, porcine pancreatic islets were isolated and aerosolized into the lung using an endoscopic spray-catheter. Lung tissue was explanted and bronchial airways were surgically isolated and connected to a perfusor. Correct implantation was confirmed via histology. The purpose of using this new lung perfusion model was to measure static as well as dynamic insulin excretions following glucose stimulation. Alveolar islet implantation was confirmed after aerosolization. Over 82% of islets were correctly implanted into the intra-alveolar space. The medium contact area to the alveolar surface was estimated at 60 +/− 3% of the total islet surface. The new constructed lung perfusion model was technically feasible. Following static glucose stimulation, insulin secretion was detected, and dynamic glucose stimulation revealed a biphasic insulin secretion capacity during perfusion. Our data indicate that islets secrete insulin following implantation into the alveoli and display an adapted response to dynamic changes in glucose. These preliminary results are encouraging and mark a first step toward endoscopically assisted islet implantation in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien Lau
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine (UCI), Orange, CA 92868, USA; (M.A.); (J.R.T.L.); (V.K.)
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (T.K.)
| | - Tanja Khosrawipour
- Department of Surgery (A), University-Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (T.K.)
| | - Shiri Li
- Department of Surgery, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Michael Alexander
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine (UCI), Orange, CA 92868, USA; (M.A.); (J.R.T.L.); (V.K.)
| | - Piotr Frelkiewicz
- Center for Experimental Diagnostics and Biomedical Innovations, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Maya Karine Labbé
- School of Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Sven Stieglitz
- Department Pulmonary Medicine, Petrus-Hospital Wuppertal, University of Witten-Herdecke, D-42283 Wuppertal, Germany;
| | - Jonathan Robert Todd Lakey
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine (UCI), Orange, CA 92868, USA; (M.A.); (J.R.T.L.); (V.K.)
| | - Wojciech Kielan
- 2nd Department of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Veria Khosrawipour
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine (UCI), Orange, CA 92868, USA; (M.A.); (J.R.T.L.); (V.K.)
- 2nd Department of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
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11
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Yang J, Hammoud B, Li C, Ridler A, Yau D, Kim J, Won KJ, Stanley CA, Hoshi T, Stanescu DE. Decreased KATP Channel Activity Contributes to the Low Glucose Threshold for Insulin Secretion of Rat Neonatal Islets. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6301135. [PMID: 34134142 PMCID: PMC8276892 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transitional hypoglycemia in normal newborns occurs in the first 3 days of life and has clinical features consistent with hyperinsulinism. We found a lower threshold for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from freshly isolated embryonic day (E) 22 rat islets, which persisted into the first postnatal days. The threshold reached the adult level by postnatal day (P) 14. Culturing P14 islets also decreased the glucose threshold. Freshly isolated P1 rat islets had a lower threshold for insulin secretion in response to 2-aminobicyclo-(2, 2, 1)-heptane-2-carboxylic acid, a nonmetabolizable leucine analog, and diminished insulin release in response to tolbutamide, an inhibitor of β-cell KATP channels. These findings suggested that decreased KATP channel function could be responsible for the lower glucose threshold for insulin secretion. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis did not reveal a lower expression of KATP subunit genes in E22 compared with P14 β cells. The investigation of electrophysiological characteristics of dispersed β cells showed that early neonatal and cultured cells had fewer functional KATP channels per unit membrane area. Our findings suggest that decreased surface density of KATP channels may contribute to the observed differences in glucose threshold for insulin release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juxiang Yang
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Batoul Hammoud
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Changhong Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Abigail Ridler
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daphne Yau
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Junil Kim
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- School of Systems Biomedical Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Jae Won
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Charles A Stanley
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Toshinori Hoshi
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Diana E Stanescu
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Correspondence: Diana Elena Stanescu, MD, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Abramson Pediatric Research Center, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, #802G, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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12
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Shaheen R, Gurlin RE, Gologorsky R, Blaha C, Munnangi P, Santandreu A, Torres A, Carnese P, Nair GG, Szot G, Fissell WH, Hebrok M, Roy S. Superporous agarose scaffolds for encapsulation of adult human islets and human stem-cell-derived β cells for intravascular bioartificial pancreas applications. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:2438-2448. [PMID: 34196100 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetic patients with severe hypoglycemia unawareness have benefitted from cellular therapies, such as pancreas or islet transplantation; however, donor shortage and the need for immunosuppression limits widespread clinical application. We previously developed an intravascular bioartificial pancreas (iBAP) using silicon nanopore membranes (SNM) for immunoprotection. To ensure ample nutrient delivery, the iBAP will need a cell scaffold with high hydraulic permeability to provide mechanical support and maintain islet viability and function. Here, we examine the feasibility of superporous agarose (SPA) as a potential cell scaffold in the iBAP. SPA exhibits 66-fold greater hydraulic permeability than the SNM along with a short (<10 μm) diffusion distance to the nearest islet. SPA also supports short-term functionality of both encapsulated human islets and stem-cell-derived enriched β-clusters in a convection-based system, demonstrated by high viability (>95%) and biphasic insulin responses to dynamic glucose stimulus. These findings suggest that the SPA scaffold will not limit nutrient delivery in a convection-based bioartificial pancreas and merits continued investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Shaheen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rachel E Gurlin
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rebecca Gologorsky
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Charles Blaha
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Silicon Kidney, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Pujita Munnangi
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ana Santandreu
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alonso Torres
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Phichitpol Carnese
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gopika G Nair
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gregory Szot
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - William H Fissell
- Silicon Kidney, San Francisco, California, USA.,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Matthias Hebrok
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shuvo Roy
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Silicon Kidney, San Francisco, California, USA
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13
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Henquin JC. Glucose-induced insulin secretion in isolated human islets: Does it truly reflect β-cell function in vivo? Mol Metab 2021; 48:101212. [PMID: 33737253 PMCID: PMC8065218 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes always involves variable degrees of β-cell demise and malfunction leading to insufficient insulin secretion. Besides clinical investigations, many research projects used rodent islets to study various facets of β-cell pathophysiology. Their important contributions laid the foundations of steadily increasing numbers of experimental studies resorting to isolated human islets. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review, based on an analysis of data published over 60 years of clinical investigations and results of more recent studies in isolated islets, addresses a question of translational nature. Does the information obtained in vitro with human islets fit with our knowledge of insulin secretion in man? The aims are not to discuss specificities of pathways controlling secretion but to compare qualitative and quantitative features of glucose-induced insulin secretion in isolated human islets and in living human subjects. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Much of the information gathered in vitro can reliably be translated to the in vivo situation. There is a fairly good, though not complete, qualitative and quantitative coherence between insulin secretion rates measured in vivo and in vitro during stimulation with physiological glucose concentrations, but the concordance fades out under extreme conditions. Perplexing discrepancies also exist between insulin secretion in subjects with Type 2 diabetes and their islets studied in vitro, in particular concerning the kinetics. Future projects should ascertain that the experimental conditions are close to physiological and do not alter the function of normal and diabetic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude Henquin
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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14
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Nair GG, Tzanakakis ES, Hebrok M. Emerging routes to the generation of functional β-cells for diabetes mellitus cell therapy. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020; 16:506-518. [PMID: 32587391 PMCID: PMC9188823 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-020-0375-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, which affects more than 463 million people globally, is caused by the autoimmune ablation or functional loss of insulin-producing β-cells, and prevalence is projected to continue rising over the next decades. Generating β-cells to mitigate the aberrant glucose homeostasis manifested in the disease has remained elusive. Substantial advances have been made in producing mature β-cells from human pluripotent stem cells that respond appropriately to dynamic changes in glucose concentrations in vitro and rapidly function in vivo following transplantation in mice. Other potential avenues to produce functional β-cells include: transdifferentiation of closely related cell types (for example, other pancreatic islet cells such as α-cells, or other cells derived from endoderm); the engineering of non-β-cells that are capable of modulating blood sugar; and the construction of synthetic 'cells' or particles mimicking functional aspects of β-cells. This Review focuses on the current status of generating β-cells via these diverse routes, highlighting the unique advantages and challenges of each approach. Given the remarkable progress in this field, scalable bioengineering processes are also discussed for the realization of the therapeutic potential of derived β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopika G Nair
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Emmanuel S Tzanakakis
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthias Hebrok
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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15
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Maloy MH, Ferrer MA, Parashurama N. In Vivo Differentiation of Stem Cell-derived Human Pancreatic Progenitors to Treat Type 1 Diabetes. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 16:1139-1155. [PMID: 32844324 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease that results from the loss of the pancreatic β-cells. The autoimmune destruction of the β-cells causes the loss of insulin production from the islets of the pancreas, resulting in the loss of blood glucose regulation. This loss of regulation, if not treated, can lead to a plethora of long-term complications in patients. Subsequently, T1DM patients rely on the administration of exogenous insulin sources to maintain their blood glucose levels. In this review, we summarize the history of T1DM therapy and current treatment options. Although treatments for T1DM have progressed substantially, none of the available treatment options allow the patient to live autonomously. Therefore, the challenge to develop a therapy that will fully reverse the disease still remains. A promising field of T1DM therapies is cell replacement therapies derived from human pluripotent stem cells. Here, we specifically review studies that employ stem-cell derived pancreatic progenitors transplanted for in vivo differentiation/maturation and discuss, in detail, the complications that arise post transplantation, including heterogeneity, graft immaturity, and host foreign bodyresponse. We also discuss efforts to induce human stem cell-derived mature β-cells in vitro and compare strategies regarding transplantation of pancreatic progenitors versus mature β-cells cells. Finally, we review key approaches that address critical limitations of in vivo progenitor differentiation including vascularization, oxygenation, and transplant location. The field of islet replacement therapy has made tremendous progress in the last two decades. If the strengths and limitations of the field continue to be identified and addressed, future studies will lead to an ideal treatment for T1DM. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell H Maloy
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), 907 Furnas Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Matthew A Ferrer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), 907 Furnas Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Natesh Parashurama
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), 907 Furnas Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, (State University of New York), 323 Bonner Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA. .,Clinical and Translation Research Center (CTRC), University at Buffalo (State University of New York), 875 Ellicott St, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.
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16
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Lau H, Corrales N, Rodriguez S, Luong C, Zaldivar F, Alexander M, Lakey JRT. An islet maturation media to improve the development of young porcine islets during in vitro culture. Islets 2020; 12:41-58. [PMID: 32459554 PMCID: PMC7527017 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2020.1750933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of pancreata from pre-weaned piglets has the potential to serve as an unlimited alternative source of islets for clinical xenotransplantation. As pre-weaned porcine islets (PPIs) are immature and require prolonged culture, we developed an islet maturation media (IMM) and evaluated its effect on improving the quantity and quality of PPIs over 14 days of culture. METHODS PPIs were isolated from the pancreata of pre-weaned Yorkshire piglets (8-15 days old). Each independent islet isolation was divided for culture in either control Ham's F-10 media (n = 5) or IMM (n = 5) for 14 days. On day 3, 7 and 14 of culture, islets were assessed for islet yield, isolation index, viability, insulin content, endocrine cellular composition, differentiation of beta cells, and insulin secretion during glucose stimulation. RESULTS In comparison to control islets, culturing PPIs in IMM significantly increased islet yield. PPIs cultured in IMM also maintained a stable isolation index and viability throughout 14 days of culture. The insulin content, endocrine cellular composition, and differentiation of beta cells were significantly improved in PPIs cultured in IMM, which subsequently augmented their insulin secretory capacity in response to glucose challenge compared to control islets. CONCLUSIONS Culturing PPIs in IMM increases islet yield, isolation index, viability, insulin content, endocrine cellular composition, differentiation of endocrine progenitor cells toward beta cells, and insulin secretion. Due to the improved islet quantity and quality after in vitro culture, the use of IMM in the culture of PPIs will assist to advance the outcomes of clinical islet xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien Lau
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Corrales
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Samuel Rodriguez
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Colleen Luong
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Frank Zaldivar
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Michael Alexander
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan R. T. Lakey
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- CONTACT Jonathan R. T. Lakey Department of Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Clinical Islet Program, 333 City Blvd West, Suite 1600, Orange, CA92868, USA
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17
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Moullé VS, Parnet P. Effects of Nutrient Intake during Pregnancy and Lactation on the Endocrine Pancreas of the Offspring. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112708. [PMID: 31717308 PMCID: PMC6893668 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The pancreas has an essential role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis by secreting insulin, the only hormone with a blood glucose lowering effect in mammals. Several circulating molecules are able to positively or negatively influence insulin secretion. Among them, nutrients such as fatty acids or amino acids can directly act on specific receptors present on pancreatic beta cells. Dietary intake, especially excessive nutrient intake, is known to modify energy balance in adults, resulting in pancreatic dysfunction. However, gestation and lactation are critical periods for fetal development and pup growth and specific dietary nutrients are required for optimal growth. Feeding alterations during these periods will impact offspring development and increase the risk of developing metabolic disorders in adulthood, leading to metabolic programming. This review will focus on the influence of nutrient intake during gestation and lactation periods on pancreas development and function in offspring, highlighting the molecular mechanism of imprinting on this organ.
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18
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Nair GG, Liu JS, Russ HA, Tran S, Saxton MS, Chen R, Juang C, Li ML, Nguyen VQ, Giacometti S, Puri S, Xing Y, Wang Y, Szot GL, Oberholzer J, Bhushan A, Hebrok M. Recapitulating endocrine cell clustering in culture promotes maturation of human stem-cell-derived β cells. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:263-274. [PMID: 30710150 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0271-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in the differentiation of insulin-producing cells from human embryonic stem cells, the generation of mature functional β cells in vitro has remained elusive. To accomplish this goal, we have developed cell culture conditions to closely mimic events occurring during pancreatic islet organogenesis and β cell maturation. In particular, we have focused on recapitulating endocrine cell clustering by isolating and reaggregating immature β-like cells to form islet-sized enriched β-clusters (eBCs). eBCs display physiological properties analogous to primary human β cells, including robust dynamic insulin secretion, increased calcium signalling in response to secretagogues, and improved mitochondrial energization. Notably, endocrine cell clustering induces metabolic maturation by driving mitochondrial oxidative respiration, a process central to stimulus-secretion coupling in mature β cells. eBCs display glucose-stimulated insulin secretion as early as three days after transplantation in mice. In summary, replicating aspects of endocrine cell clustering permits the generation of stem-cell-derived β cells that resemble their endogenous counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopika G Nair
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer S Liu
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Holger A Russ
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Stella Tran
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michael S Saxton
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Richard Chen
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Charity Juang
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mei-Lan Li
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vinh Q Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Simone Giacometti
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sapna Puri
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yuan Xing
- Department of Surgery/Division of Transplantation, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Surgery/Division of Transplantation, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Gregory L Szot
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jose Oberholzer
- Department of Surgery/Division of Transplantation, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Anil Bhushan
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matthias Hebrok
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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19
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Modi H, Johnson JD. Folding mutations suppress early beta-cell proliferation. eLife 2018; 7:43475. [PMID: 30547883 PMCID: PMC6294546 DOI: 10.7554/elife.43475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploring how proliferation and maturation of beta-cells can be impaired after birth will shed light on the origins of various forms of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honey Modi
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - James D Johnson
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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20
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Page MM, Johnson JD. Mild Suppression of Hyperinsulinemia to Treat Obesity and Insulin Resistance. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2018; 29:389-399. [PMID: 29665988 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Insulin plays roles in lipid uptake, lipolysis, and lipogenesis, in addition to controlling blood glucose levels. Excessive circulating insulin is associated with adipose tissue expansion and obesity, yet a causal role for hyperinsulinemia in the development of mammalian obesity has proven controversial, with many researchers suggesting it as a consequence of insulin resistance. Recently, evidence that specifically reducing hyperinsulinemia can prevent and reverse obesity in animal models has been presented. Our experiments, and others in this field, question the current dogma that hyperinsulinemia is a response to obesity and/or insulin resistance. In this review, we discuss preclinical evidence in the context of the broader literature and speculate on the possibility of clinical translation of alternative approaches for treating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Page
- Life Sciences Institute Diabetes Research Group and the Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - James D Johnson
- Life Sciences Institute Diabetes Research Group and the Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. https://twitter.com/JimJohnsonSci
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21
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Henquin J, Nenquin M. Immaturity of insulin secretion by pancreatic islets isolated from one human neonate. J Diabetes Investig 2018; 9:270-273. [PMID: 28597607 PMCID: PMC5835448 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human β-cells are functionally mature by the age of 1 year. The timeline and mechanisms of this maturation are unknown owing to the exceptional availability of testable tissue. Here, we report the first in vitro study of insulin secretion by islets from a 5-day-old newborn. Glucose was inefficient alone, but induced insulin secretion, which was concentration-dependent, showed a biphasic time-course and was of similar magnitude as in infant islets when β-cell cyclic adenosine monophosphate was raised by forskolin. Tolbutamide alone was effective in low glucose, but its effect was not augmented by high glucose. Metabolic amplification by glucose was thus inoperative, in contrast to amplification by cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Newborn islets showed high basal insulin secretion that could be inhibited by diazoxide or omission of CaCl2 . Postnatal acquisition of functional maturity by human β-cells implicates control of basal secretion and production of metabolic signals able to activate both triggering and amplifying pathways of insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean‐Claude Henquin
- Unit of Endocrinology and MetabolismFaculty of MedicineUniversity of LouvainBrusselsBelgium
| | - Myriam Nenquin
- Unit of Endocrinology and MetabolismFaculty of MedicineUniversity of LouvainBrusselsBelgium
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Basal Insulin Dose in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus on Insulin Pumps in Real-Life Clinical Practice: A Single-Center Experience. Adv Med 2018; 2018:1473160. [PMID: 29974056 PMCID: PMC6008663 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1473160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Basal insulin (BI) infusion in pump therapy of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) mimics physiological secretion during the night and between meals. The recommended percentage of the total BI to daily insulin dose (termed the %BI) ranges between 30 and 50%. We analyzed whether this recommendation was followed in adults with T1DM from a university center, and whether BI doses were linked with glycemic control. MATERIALS AND METHODS We included 260 consecutive patients with T1DM (159 women and 101 men) treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion at the Department of Metabolic Diseases, Krakow, Poland. Data were downloaded from patients' pumps and collected from medical records. We analyzed the settings of BI and the association of %BI with HbA1c level. Linear regression was performed. RESULTS The mean age of T1DM individuals was 26.6 ± 8.2 years, BMI was 23.1 ± 3.0 kg/m2, T1DM duration was 13.3 ± 6.4 years, and HbA1c level was 7.4%. There were 69.6% (n=181) of T1DM patients with %BI in the recommended range. The T1DM duration and HbA1c level of patients with a %BI <30% (n=23) was 9.5 years and 6.4%, respectively; for a %BI of 30-50%, it was 13.2 years and 7.4%; and for a %BI >50% (n=56), it was 15.8 years and 7.8% (p < 0.001 for both three-group comparisons). Multiple regression identified %BI among independent predictors of the HbA1c level. CONCLUSION In this real-life analysis, the recommendations concerning %BI dosing were not followed by almost one-third of adult T1DM patients. Low %BI was associated with better glycemic control; however, this requires further confirmation.
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Misunderstandings and controversies about the insulin-secreting properties of antidiabetic sulfonylureas. Biochimie 2017; 143:3-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Carlessi R, Keane KN, Mamotte C, Newsholme P. Nutrient regulation of β-cell function: what do islet cell/animal studies tell us? Eur J Clin Nutr 2017; 71:890-895. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2017.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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