1
|
Ruiz-Molina YG, Herrera-Ávila J, Espinosa-Juárez JV, Esquinca-Avilés HA, Tejas-Juárez JG, Flores-Guillén E, Morales-Martínez LA, Briones-Aranda A, Jiménez-Ceballos B, Sierra-Ramírez JA, Cruz-Trujillo R. Association of Overweight and Obesity with Impaired Executive Functioning in Mexican Adolescents: The Importance of Inhibitory Control. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1368. [PMID: 39057511 PMCID: PMC11275439 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12141368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are major public health issues worldwide, including in Mexico, particularly among adolescents. This study aimed to analyze the associations between nutritional status and impaired executive function (EF) in Mexican adolescents. A case-control study was conducted with 98 male and female adolescents, categorized into normal weight and overweight/obese groups based on body mass index. EF was assessed using the BANFE-2 test. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 54.3%. The EF assessment revealed that 82.45% of the overweight/obese group exhibited mild-to-severe impairment, compared to only 36.58% in the normal weight group (X2 = 21.69, p < 0.0001). In the inhibitory control assessment, adolescents with overweight and obesity performed worse than their normal-weight counterparts. Specifically, females with overweight/obesity scored lower than females with normal weight on the risk-benefit processing test. The risk of severe EF impairment significantly increased with the presence of overweight/obesity (OR = 7.8, p < 0.0001). These findings indicate that EF, particularly inhibitory control and risk-benefit processing, is impaired in adolescents with overweight or obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yatzeny Guadalupe Ruiz-Molina
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico; (Y.G.R.-M.); (J.H.-Á.)
| | - Josué Herrera-Ávila
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico; (Y.G.R.-M.); (J.H.-Á.)
| | - Josué Vidal Espinosa-Juárez
- Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas (UNACH), Carretera Panamericana Ocozocoautla-Cintalapa Km. 2.5, Ocozocoautla de Espinosa 29140, Mexico; (J.V.E.-J.); (H.A.E.-A.)
| | - Héctor Armando Esquinca-Avilés
- Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas (UNACH), Carretera Panamericana Ocozocoautla-Cintalapa Km. 2.5, Ocozocoautla de Espinosa 29140, Mexico; (J.V.E.-J.); (H.A.E.-A.)
| | - Juan Gabriel Tejas-Juárez
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Comalcalco, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Tabasco 86658, Mexico;
| | - Elena Flores-Guillén
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Alimentos, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas (UNICACH), Libramiento Norte-Poniente 1150, Col. Lajas Maciel, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29039, Mexico; (E.F.-G.); (L.A.M.-M.)
| | - Luis Alberto Morales-Martínez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Alimentos, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas (UNICACH), Libramiento Norte-Poniente 1150, Col. Lajas Maciel, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29039, Mexico; (E.F.-G.); (L.A.M.-M.)
| | - Alfredo Briones-Aranda
- Facultad de Medicina Humana Campus II, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas (UNACH), Décima Sur esquina Calle Central S/N, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29050, Mexico;
| | - Betsabé Jiménez-Ceballos
- Clínica de Trastornos del Sueño, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa (UAM-I), Av. San Rafael Atlixco 185, Col. Leyes de Reforma, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de Mexico 09340, Mexico;
| | - José Alfredo Sierra-Ramírez
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico; (Y.G.R.-M.); (J.H.-Á.)
| | - Refugio Cruz-Trujillo
- Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas (UNACH), Carretera Panamericana Ocozocoautla-Cintalapa Km. 2.5, Ocozocoautla de Espinosa 29140, Mexico; (J.V.E.-J.); (H.A.E.-A.)
- Departamento de Químicos Farmacobiólogos, Universidad Pablo Guardado Chávez (UPGCH), Libramiento Norte Oriente No. 3450, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29040, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Adise S, Ottino-Gonzalez J, Rezvan PH, Kan E, Rhee KE, Goran MI, Sowell ER. Smaller subcortical volume relates to greater weight gain in girls with initially healthy weight. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:1389-1400. [PMID: 38710591 PMCID: PMC11211063 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Among 3614 youth who were 9 to 12 years old and initially did not have overweight or obesity (12% [n = 385] developed overweight or obesity), we examined the natural progression of weight gain and brain structure development during a 2-year period with a high risk for obesity (e.g., pre- and early adolescence) to determine the following: 1) whether variation in maturational trajectories of the brain regions contributes to weight gain; and/or 2) whether weight gain contributes to altered brain development. METHODS Data were gathered from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. Linear mixed-effects regression models controlled for puberty, caregiver education, handedness, and intracranial volume (random effects: magnetic resonance scanner [MRI] scanner and participant). Because pubertal development occurs earlier in girls, analyses were stratified by sex. RESULTS For girls, but not boys, independent of puberty, greater increases in BMI were driven by smaller volumes over time in the bilateral accumbens, amygdala, hippocampus, and thalamus, right caudate and ventral diencephalon, and left pallidum (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest a potential phenotype for identifying obesity risk because underlying differences among regions involved in food intake were related to greater weight gain in girls, but not in boys. Importantly, 2 years of weight gain may not be sufficient to alter brain development, highlighting early puberty as a critical time to prevent negative neurological outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shana Adise
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jonatan Ottino-Gonzalez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Panteha Hayati Rezvan
- Biostatistics and Data Management Core, The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Eric Kan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Research Administration, Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Kyung E. Rhee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Michael I Goran
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth R. Sowell
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Thapaliya G, Kundu P, Jansen E, Naymik MA, Lee R, Bruchhage MMK, D’Sa V, Huentelman MJ, Lewis CR, Müller HG, Deoni SCL, Carnell S. FTO variation and early frontostriatal brain development in children. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:156-165. [PMID: 37817330 PMCID: PMC10840826 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Common obesity-associated genetic variants at the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) locus have been associated with appetitive behaviors and altered structure and function of frontostriatal brain regions. The authors aimed to investigate the influence of FTO variation on frontostriatal appetite circuits in early life. METHODS Data were drawn from RESONANCE, a longitudinal study of early brain development. Growth trajectories of nucleus accumbens and frontal lobe volumes, as well as total gray matter and white matter volume, by risk allele (AA) carrier status on FTO single-nucleotide polymorphism rs9939609 were examined in 228 children (102 female, 126 male) using magnetic resonance imaging assessments obtained from infancy through middle childhood. The authors fit functional concurrent regression models with brain volume outcomes over age as functional responses, and FTO genotype, sex, BMI z score, and maternal education were included as predictors. RESULTS Bootstrap pointwise 95% CI for regression coefficient functions in the functional concurrent regression models showed that the AA group versus the group with no risk allele (TT) had greater nucleus accumbens volume (adjusted for total brain volume) in the interval of 750 to 2250 days (2-6 years). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that common genetic risk for obesity is associated with differences in early development of brain reward circuitry and argue for investigating dynamic relationships among genotype, brain, behavior, and weight throughout development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gita Thapaliya
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Poorbita Kundu
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Elena Jansen
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA
| | | | - Richard Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Muriel Marisa Katharina Bruchhage
- Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, Hasbro Children’s Hospital, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychology, Social Sciences, University of Stavanger, Norway
| | - Viren D’Sa
- Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Candace R Lewis
- Neurogenomics Division, TGen, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Hans-Georg Müller
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sean C. L. Deoni
- Maternal, Newborn and Child Health Discovery & Tools, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Susan Carnell
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
He M, Kis-Jakab G, Komáromy H, Perlaki G, Orsi G, Bosnyák E, Rozgonyi R, John F, Trauninger A, Eklics K, Pfund Z. Volumetric alteration of brainstem in female migraineurs with and without aura. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2024; 236:108089. [PMID: 38141551 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2023.108089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Brainstem descending modulatory circuits have been postulated to be involved in migraine. Differences in brainstem volume between migraineurs and healthy controls have been demonstrated in previous research, nevertheless, the effect of migraine aura on brainstem volume is still uncertain. The aim of this study was to investigate the brainstem volume in migraineurs and examine the effect of migraine aura on brainstem volume. METHODS Our study included 90 female migraine patients without white matter lesions. (29 migraine patients with aura (MwA) and 61 migraine patients without aura (MwoA) and 32 age-matched female healthy controls (HC). Using the FreeSurfer image analysis suite, the volumes of the entire brainstem and its subfields (medulla, pons, and midbrain) were measured and compared between migraine subgroups (MwA vs. MwoA) and the healthy control group. The possible effects of migraine characteristics (i.e., disease duration and migraine attack frequency) on brainstem volume were also investigated. RESULTS Migraineurs had greater medulla volume (MwoA 3552 ± 459 mm3, MwA 3424 ± 448 mm3) than healthy controls (3236 ± 411 mm3). Statistically, MwA vs. HC p = 0.040, MwoA vs. HC p = 0.002, MwA vs. MwoA p = 0.555. A significant positive correlation was found between disease duration and the volume of medulla in the whole migraine group (r = 0.334, p = 0.001). Neither the whole brainstem nor its subfields were significantly different in volume between migraine subgroups. CONCLUSION Brainstem volume changes in migraine are mainly localized to the medulla and not specific to the presence of aura.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gréta Kis-Jakab
- HUN-REN-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | | | - Gábor Perlaki
- Pécs Diagnostic Center, Pécs, Hungary; HUN-REN-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gergely Orsi
- Pécs Diagnostic Center, Pécs, Hungary; HUN-REN-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Edit Bosnyák
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Renáta Rozgonyi
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Flóra John
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Anita Trauninger
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kata Eklics
- Department of Languages for Biomedical Purposes and Communication, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Pfund
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Patel M, Braun J, Lambert G, Kameneva T, Keatch C, Lambert E. Central mechanisms in sympathetic nervous dysregulation in obesity. J Neurophysiol 2023; 130:1414-1424. [PMID: 37910522 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00254.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular and metabolic complications associated with excess adiposity are linked to chronic activation of the sympathetic nervous system, resulting in a high risk of mortality among obese individuals. Obesity-related positive energy balance underlies the progression of hypertension, end-organ damage, and insulin resistance, driven by increased sympathetic tone throughout the body. It is, therefore, important to understand the central network that drives and maintains sustained activation of the sympathetic nervous system in the obese state. Experimental and clinical studies have identified structural changes and altered dynamics in both grey and white matter regions in obesity. Aberrant activation in certain brain regions has been associated with altered reward circuitry and metabolic pathways including leptin and insulin signaling along with adiposity-driven systemic and central inflammation. The impact of these pathways on the brain via overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system has gained interest in the past decade. Primarily, the brainstem, hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, and cortical structures including the insular, orbitofrontal, temporal, cingulate, and prefrontal cortices have been identified in this context. Although the central network involving these structures is much more intricate, this review highlights recent evidence identifying these regions in sympathetic overactivity in obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Patel
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joe Braun
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gavin Lambert
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tatiana Kameneva
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Charlotte Keatch
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elisabeth Lambert
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lee JY, Lee HJ, Jang YH, Kim H, Im K, Yang S, Hoh JK, Ahn JH. Maternal pre-pregnancy obesity affects the uncinate fasciculus white matter tract in preterm infants. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1225960. [PMID: 38034827 PMCID: PMC10684693 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1225960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A growing body of evidence suggests an association between a higher maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and adverse long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes for their offspring. Despite recent attention to the effects of maternal obesity on fetal and neonatal brain development, changes in the brain microstructure of preterm infants born to mothers with pre-pregnancy obesity are still not well understood. This study aimed to detect the changes in the brain microstructure of obese mothers in pre-pregnancy and their offspring born as preterm infants using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Methods A total of 32 preterm infants (born to 16 mothers with normal BMI and 16 mothers with a high BMI) at <32 weeks of gestation without brain injury underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging at term-equivalent age (TEA). The BMI of all pregnant women was measured within approximately 12 weeks before pregnancy or the first 2 weeks of gestation. We analyzed the brain volume using a morphologically adaptive neonatal tissue segmentation toolbox and calculated the major white matter (WM) tracts using probabilistic maps of the Johns Hopkins University neonatal atlas. We investigated the differences in brain volume and WM microstructure between preterm infants of mothers with normal and high BMI. The DTI parameters were compared among groups using analysis of covariance adjusted for postmenstrual age at scan and multiple comparisons. Results Preterm infants born to mothers with a high BMI showed significantly increased cortical gray matter volume (p = 0.001) and decreased WM volume (p = 0.003) after controlling for postmenstrual age and multiple comparisons. We found a significantly lower axial diffusivity in the uncinate fasciculus (UNC) in mothers with high BMI than that in mothers with normal BMI (1.690 ± 0.066 vs. 1.762 ± 0.101, respectively; p = 0.005). Conclusion Our study is the first to demonstrate that maternal obesity impacts perinatal brain development patterns in preterm infants at TEA, even in the absence of apparent brain injury. These findings provide evidence for the detrimental effects of maternal obesity on brain developmental trajectories in offspring and suggest potential neurodevelopmental outcomes based on an altered UNC WM microstructure, which is known to be critical for language and social-emotional functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joo Young Lee
- Department of Translational Medicine, Hanyang University Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Neonatology and Development Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hun Jang
- Department of Translational Medicine, Hanyang University Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuna Kim
- Department of Translational Medicine, Hanyang University Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiho Im
- Fetal Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Seung Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Kyu Hoh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Hye Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Neonatology and Development Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Carnell S, Thapaliya G, Jansen E, Chen L. Biobehavioral susceptibility for obesity in childhood: Behavioral, genetic and neuroimaging studies of appetite. Physiol Behav 2023; 271:114313. [PMID: 37544571 PMCID: PMC10591980 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Modern food environments are conducive to overeating and weight gain, but not everyone develops obesity. One reason for this may be that individuals differ in appetitive characteristics, or traits, that manifest early in life and go on to influence their behavioral susceptibility to gain and maintain excess weight. Classic studies showing that eating behavior in children can be measured by behavioral paradigms such as tests of caloric compensation and eating in the absence of hunger inspired the development and validation of psychometric instruments to assess appetitive characteristics in children and infants. A large body of evidence now suggests that food approach traits increase obesity risk, while food avoidant traits, such as satiety responsiveness, decrease obesity risk. Twin studies and genetic association studies have demonstrated that appetitive characteristics are heritable, consistent with a biological etiology. However, family environment factors are also influential, with mounting evidence suggesting that genetic and environmental risk factors interact and correlate with consequences for child eating behavior and weight. Further, neuroimaging studies are revealing that individual differences in responses to visual food cues, as well as to small tastes and larger amounts of food, across a number of brain regions involved in reward/motivation, cognitive control and other functions, may contribute to individual variation in appetitive behavior. Growing evidence also suggests that variation on psychometric measures of appetite is associated with regional differences in brain structure, and differential patterns of resting state functional connectivity. Large prospective studies beginning in infancy promise to enrich our understanding of neural and other biological underpinnings of appetite and obesity development in early life, and how the interplay between genetic and environmental factors affects appetitive systems. The biobehavioral susceptibility model of obesity development and maintenance outlined in this narrative review has implications for prevention and treatment of obesity in childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Carnell
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA.
| | - Gita Thapaliya
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Elena Jansen
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Liuyi Chen
- Division of Psychiatric Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sadler JR, Thapaliya G, Ranganath K, Gabay A, Chen L, Smith KR, Osorio RS, Convit A, Carnell S. Paediatric obesity and metabolic syndrome associations with cognition and the brain in youth: Current evidence and future directions. Pediatr Obes 2023; 18:e13042. [PMID: 37202148 PMCID: PMC10826337 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) are associated with differences in brain structure and function and in general and food-related cognition in adults. Here, we review evidence for similar phenomena in children and adolescents, with a focus on the implications of extant research for possible underlying mechanisms and potential interventions for obesity and MetS in youth. Current evidence is limited by a relative reliance on small cross-sectional studies. However, we find that youth with obesity and MetS or MetS components show differences in brain structure, including alterations in grey matter volume and cortical thickness across brain regions subserving reward, cognitive control and other functions, as well as in white matter integrity and volume. Children with obesity and MetS components also show some evidence for hyperresponsivity of food reward regions and hyporesponsivity of cognitive control circuits during food-related tasks, altered brain responses to food tastes, and altered resting-state connectivity including between cognitive control and reward processing networks. Potential mechanisms for these findings include neuroinflammation, impaired vascular reactivity, and effects of diet and obesity on myelination and dopamine function. Future observational research using longitudinal measures, improved sampling strategies and study designs, and rigorous statistical methods, promises to further illuminate dynamic relationships and causal mechanisms. Intervention studies targeted at modifiable biological and behavioural factors associated with paediatric obesity and MetS can further inform mechanisms, as well as test whether brain and behaviour can be altered for beneficial outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R. Sadler
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gita Thapaliya
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kushi Ranganath
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrea Gabay
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Liuyi Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kimberly R. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ricardo S. Osorio
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, USA
| | - Antonio Convit
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, USA
| | - Susan Carnell
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Brain functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging of obesity and weight loss interventions. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:1466-1479. [PMID: 36918706 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02025-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has tripled over the past 40 years to become a major public health issue, as it is linked with increased mortality and elevated risk for various physical and neuropsychiatric illnesses. Accumulating evidence from neuroimaging studies suggests that obesity negatively affects brain function and structure, especially within fronto-mesolimbic circuitry. Obese individuals show abnormal neural responses to food cues, taste and smell, resting-state activity and functional connectivity, and cognitive tasks including decision-making, inhibitory-control, learning/memory, and attention. In addition, obesity is associated with altered cortical morphometry, a lowered gray/white matter volume, and impaired white matter integrity. Various interventions and treatments including bariatric surgery, the most effective treatment for obesity in clinical practice, as well as dietary, exercise, pharmacological, and neuromodulation interventions such as transcranial direct current stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation and neurofeedback have been employed and achieved promising outcomes. These interventions and treatments appear to normalize hyper- and hypoactivations of brain regions involved with reward processing, food-intake control, and cognitive function, and also promote recovery of brain structural abnormalities. This paper provides a comprehensive literature review of the recent neuroimaging advances on the underlying neural mechanisms of both obesity and interventions, in the hope of guiding development of novel and effective treatments.
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang M, Gao X, Yang Z, Niu X, Wang W, Han S, Wei Y, Cheng J, Zhang Y. Integrative brain structural and molecular analyses of interaction between tobacco use disorder and overweight among male adults. J Neurosci Res 2023; 101:232-244. [PMID: 36333937 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking and overweight lead to adverse health effects, which remain an important public health problem worldwide. Researches indicate overlapping pathophysiology may contribute to tobacco use disorder (TUD) and overweight, but the neurobiological interaction mechanism between the two factors is still unclear. This study used a mixed sample design, including the following four groups: (i) overweight long-term smokers (n = 24, age = 31.80 ± 5.70, cigarettes/day = 20.50 ± 7.89); (ii) normal weight smokers (n = 28, age = 31.29 ± 5.56, cigarettes/day = 16.11 ± 8.35); (iii) overweight nonsmokers (n = 19, age = 33.05 ± 5.60), and (iv) normal weight nonsmokers (n = 28, age = 31.68 ± 6.57), a total of 99 male subjects. All subjects underwent T1-weighted high-resolution MRI. We used voxel-based morphometry to compare gray matter volume (GMV) among the four groups. Then, JuSpace toolbox was used for cross-modal correlations of MRI-based modalities with nuclear imaging derived estimates, to examine specific neurotransmitter system changes underlying the two factors. Our results illustrate a significant antagonistic interaction between TUD and weight status in left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and a quadratic effect of BMI on DLPFC GMV. For main effect of TUD, long-term smokers were associated with greater GMV in bilateral OFC compared with nonsmokers irrespective of weight status, and such alteration is negatively associated with pack-year and FTND scores. Furthermore, we also found GMV changes related to TUD and overweight are associated with μ-opioid receptor system and TUD-related GMV alterations are associated with noradrenaline transporter maps. This study sheds light on novel multimodal neuromechanistic about the relationship between TUD and overweight, which possibly provides hints into future treatment for the special population of comorbid TUD and overweight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhe Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Gao
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhengui Yang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Niu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weijian Wang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shaoqiang Han
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yarui Wei
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang Y, Dong D, Chen X, Gao X, Liu Y, Xiao M, Guo C, Chen H. Individualized morphometric similarity predicts body mass index and food approach behavior in school-age children. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:4794-4805. [PMID: 36300597 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Childhood obesity is associated with alterations in brain structure. Previous studies generally used a single structural index to characterize the relationship between body mass index(BMI) and brain structure, which could not describe the alterations of structural covariance between brain regions. To cover this research gap, this study utilized two independent datasets with brain structure profiles and BMI of 155 school-aged children. Connectome-based predictive modeling(CPM) was used to explore whether children’s BMI is reliably predictable by the novel individualized morphometric similarity network(MSN). We revealed the MSN can predict the BMI in school-age children with good generalizability to unseen dataset. Moreover, these revealed significant brain structure covariant networks can further predict children’s food approach behavior. The positive predictive networks mainly incorporated connections between the frontoparietal network(FPN) and the visual network(VN), between the FPN and the limbic network(LN), between the default mode network(DMN) and the LN. The negative predictive network primarily incorporated connections between the FPN and DMN. These results suggested that the incomplete integration of the high-order brain networks and the decreased dedifferentiation of the high-order networks to the primary reward networks can be considered as a core structural basis of the imbalance between inhibitory control and reward processing in childhood obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Wang
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University , Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education , Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Debo Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education , Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7) , Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ximei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology , Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University , Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University , Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Mingyue Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University , Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- Research Center of Mental Health Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University , Chongqing, 400715, Germany
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology , Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
McWhinney SR, Brosch K, Calhoun VD, Crespo-Facorro B, Crossley NA, Dannlowski U, Dickie E, Dietze LMF, Donohoe G, Du Plessis S, Ehrlich S, Emsley R, Furstova P, Glahn DC, Gonzalez- Valderrama A, Grotegerd D, Holleran L, Kircher TTJ, Knytl P, Kolenic M, Lencer R, Nenadić I, Opel N, Pfarr JK, Rodrigue AL, Rootes-Murdy K, Ross AJ, Sim K, Škoch A, Spaniel F, Stein F, Švancer P, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez D, Undurraga J, Váquez-Bourgon J, Voineskos A, Walton E, Weickert TW, Weickert CS, Thompson PM, van Erp TGM, Turner JA, Hajek T. Obesity and brain structure in schizophrenia - ENIGMA study in 3021 individuals. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3731-3737. [PMID: 35739320 PMCID: PMC9902274 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01616-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is frequently associated with obesity, which is linked with neurostructural alterations. Yet, we do not understand how the brain correlates of obesity map onto the brain changes in schizophrenia. We obtained MRI-derived brain cortical and subcortical measures and body mass index (BMI) from 1260 individuals with schizophrenia and 1761 controls from 12 independent research sites within the ENIGMA-Schizophrenia Working Group. We jointly modeled the statistical effects of schizophrenia and BMI using mixed effects. BMI was additively associated with structure of many of the same brain regions as schizophrenia, but the cortical and subcortical alterations in schizophrenia were more widespread and pronounced. Both BMI and schizophrenia were primarily associated with changes in cortical thickness, with fewer correlates in surface area. While, BMI was negatively associated with cortical thickness, the significant associations between BMI and surface area or subcortical volumes were positive. Lastly, the brain correlates of obesity were replicated among large studies and closely resembled neurostructural changes in major depressive disorders. We confirmed widespread associations between BMI and brain structure in individuals with schizophrenia. People with both obesity and schizophrenia showed more pronounced brain alterations than people with only one of these conditions. Obesity appears to be a relevant factor which could account for heterogeneity of brain imaging findings and for differences in brain imaging outcomes among people with schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean R. McWhinney
- grid.55602.340000 0004 1936 8200Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS Canada
| | - Katharina Brosch
- grid.10253.350000 0004 1936 9756Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State, Georgia Tech, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- grid.469673.90000 0004 5901 7501Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain ,grid.411109.c0000 0000 9542 1158IBiS, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain ,grid.9224.d0000 0001 2168 1229Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Nicolas A. Crossley
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile ,grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Psychosis Studies, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- grid.5949.10000 0001 2172 9288Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Erin Dickie
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Lorielle M. F. Dietze
- grid.55602.340000 0004 1936 8200Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS Canada
| | - Gary Donohoe
- grid.6142.10000 0004 0488 0789Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Stefan Du Plessis
- grid.11956.3a0000 0001 2214 904XDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa ,grid.415021.30000 0000 9155 0024SAMRC Genomics of Brain Disorders Unit, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robin Emsley
- grid.11956.3a0000 0001 2214 904XDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Petra Furstova
- grid.447902.cNational Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - David C. Glahn
- grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,grid.277313.30000 0001 0626 2712Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT USA
| | - Alfonso Gonzalez- Valderrama
- grid.440629.d0000 0004 5934 6911School of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile ,Early Intervention in Psychosis Program, Instituto Psiquiátrico ‘Dr. José Horwitz B.’, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dominik Grotegerd
- grid.5949.10000 0001 2172 9288Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Laurena Holleran
- grid.6142.10000 0004 0488 0789Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Tilo T. J. Kircher
- grid.10253.350000 0004 1936 9756Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Pavel Knytl
- grid.447902.cNational Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic ,grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XCharles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Kolenic
- grid.447902.cNational Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic ,grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XCharles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rebekka Lencer
- grid.5949.10000 0001 2172 9288Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany ,grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Department of Pscyhiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Igor Nenadić
- grid.10253.350000 0004 1936 9756Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nils Opel
- grid.5949.10000 0001 2172 9288Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany ,grid.9613.d0000 0001 1939 2794Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Julia-Katharina Pfarr
- grid.10253.350000 0004 1936 9756Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Amanda L. Rodrigue
- grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Kelly Rootes-Murdy
- grid.256304.60000 0004 1936 7400Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Alex J. Ross
- grid.55602.340000 0004 1936 8200Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS Canada
| | - Kang Sim
- grid.414752.10000 0004 0469 9592West Region, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Antonín Škoch
- grid.447902.cNational Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic ,grid.418930.70000 0001 2299 1368Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Spaniel
- grid.447902.cNational Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic ,grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XCharles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Frederike Stein
- grid.10253.350000 0004 1936 9756Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Patrik Švancer
- grid.447902.cNational Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic ,grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XCharles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Diana Tordesillas-Gutiérrez
- grid.484299.a0000 0004 9288 8771Department of Radiology, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute IDIVAL, Santander, Spain ,grid.469953.40000 0004 1757 2371Computación Avanzada y Ciencia, Instituto de Física de Cantabria, CSIC, Santander, Spain
| | - Juan Undurraga
- Early Intervention in Psychosis Program, Instituto Psiquiátrico ‘Dr. José Horwitz B.’, Santiago, Chile ,grid.412187.90000 0000 9631 4901Department of Neurology and Psychiatry. Faculty of Medicine, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Váquez-Bourgon
- grid.469673.90000 0004 5901 7501Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain ,grid.7821.c0000 0004 1770 272XDepartment of Medicine and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain ,grid.411325.00000 0001 0627 4262Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Aristotle Voineskos
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Esther Walton
- grid.7340.00000 0001 2162 1699Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Thomas W. Weickert
- grid.411023.50000 0000 9159 4457Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY USA ,grid.250407.40000 0000 8900 8842Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW Australia
| | - Cynthia Shannon Weickert
- grid.411023.50000 0000 9159 4457Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY USA ,grid.250407.40000 0000 8900 8842Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW Australia ,grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA USA
| | - Theo G. M. van Erp
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA ,grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Jessica A. Turner
- grid.256304.60000 0004 1936 7400Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Tomas Hajek
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada. .,National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Higgins RC, Keller KL, Aruma JC, Masterson TD, Adise S, Fearnbach N, Stein WM, English LK, Fuchs B, Pearce AL. Influence of exclusive breastfeeding on hippocampal structure, satiety responsiveness, and weight status. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2022; 18:e13333. [PMID: 35167726 PMCID: PMC9218327 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Longer exclusive breastfeeding duration has been associated with differences in neural development, better satiety responsiveness, and decreased risk for childhood obesity. Given hippocampus sensitivity to diet and potential role in the integration of satiety signals, hippocampus may play a role in these relationships. We conducted a secondary analysis of 149, 7-11-year-olds (73 males) who participated in one of five studies that assessed neural responses to food cues. Hippocampal grey matter volume was extracted from structural scans using CAT12, weight status was assessed using age- and sex-adjusted body mass index (%BMIp85 ), and parents reported exclusive breastfeeding duration and satiety responsiveness (Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire). Separate path models for left and right hippocampus tested: (1) the direct effect of exclusive breastfeeding on satiety responsiveness and its indirect effect through hippocampal grey matter volume; (2) the direct effect of hippocampal grey matter volume on %BMIp85 and its indirect effect through satiety responsiveness. %BMIp85 was adjusted for maternal education, yearly income, and premature birth while hippocampal grey matter volume was adjusted for total intercranial volume, age, and study from which data were extracted. Longer exclusive breastfeeding duration was associated with greater bilateral hippocampal grey matter volumes. In addition, better satiety responsiveness and greater left hippocampal grey matter volume were both associated with lower %BMIp85 . However, hippocampal grey matter volumes were not associated with satiety responsiveness. Although no relationship was found between breastfeeding and child weight status, these results highlight the potential impact of exclusive breastfeeding duration on the hippocampal structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C. Higgins
- Pennsylvania State College of MedicineUniversity Park CampusHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Kathleen L. Keller
- Department of Nutritional SciencesPennsylvania State UniversityState CollegePennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Food SciencesPennsylvania State UniversityState CollegePennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Jane C. Aruma
- Pennsylvania State College of MedicineUniversity Park CampusHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Travis D. Masterson
- Department of Nutritional SciencesPennsylvania State UniversityState CollegePennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Shana Adise
- Department of Nutritional SciencesPennsylvania State UniversityState CollegePennsylvaniaUSA
- Division of Research on Children, Youth, and FamiliesChildren's Hospital of Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Nicole Fearnbach
- Department of Nutritional SciencesPennsylvania State UniversityState CollegePennsylvaniaUSA
- Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - Wendy M. Stein
- Department of Nutritional SciencesPennsylvania State UniversityState CollegePennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Laural K. English
- Department of Nutritional SciencesPennsylvania State UniversityState CollegePennsylvaniaUSA
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review (NESR), Office of Nutrition Guidance and Analysis (ONGA), Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP)Food and Nutrition Service (FNS)AlexandriaVirginiaUSA
- The Panum GroupBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Bari Fuchs
- Department of Nutritional SciencesPennsylvania State UniversityState CollegePennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Alaina L. Pearce
- Department of Nutritional SciencesPennsylvania State UniversityState CollegePennsylvaniaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Borkertienė V, Valonytė-Burneikienė L. Normal Weight 6-12 Years Boys Demonstrate Better Cognitive Function and Aerobic Fitness Compared to Overweight Peers. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58030423. [PMID: 35334599 PMCID: PMC8953475 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58030423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: This study evaluated and compared the cognitive function (CF) and aerobic fitness (AF) of 15 normal-weight (NW) and 15 overweight (OW) children, aged 6−12 years. In addition, the relationship between CF and AF was evaluated. Materials and Methods: The ANAM4 battery was used to evaluate CF, and a constant treadmill walking exercise (6 km/h for 6 min) and a progressive treadmill exercise (modified Balke test) were used to assess pulmonary oxygen uptake (VO2). Results: The OW children displayed worse attention and visual tracking (88.95 ± 4.45% and 93.75 ± 3.16%), response inhibition (90.27 ± 1.54% and 93.67 ± 2%), and speed of processing (93.65 ± 1.5% and 94.4 ± 1.54%) than the NW children (p < 0.05). The VO2 max was higher and the time constant of VO2 kinetics was shorter in NW children (56.23 ± 3.53 mL/kg/min and 21.73 ± 1.57 s, respectively) than in OW children (45.84 ± 1.89 mL/kg/min and 33.46 ± 2.9 s, respectively; p < 0.05). Conclusion: The OW children aged 6−12 years demonstrated poorer CF and lower AF than their NW peers. An association between AF and CF indicators was identified in both groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaida Borkertienė
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, LT-44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +370-6111-0072
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Alatorre-Cruz GC, Downs H, Hagood D, Sorensen ST, Williams DK, Larson-Prior LJ. Effect of Obesity on Arithmetic Processing in Preteens With High and Low Math Skills: An Event-Related Potentials Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:760234. [PMID: 35360282 PMCID: PMC8960456 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.760234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Preadolescence is an important period for the consolidation of certain arithmetic facts, and the development of problem-solving strategies. Obese subjects seem to have poorer academic performance in math than their normal-weight peers, suggesting a negative effect of obesity on math skills in critical developmental periods. To test this hypothesis, event-related potentials (ERPs) were collected during a delayed-verification math task using simple addition and subtraction problems in obese [above 95th body mass index (BMI) percentile] and non-obese (between 5th and 90th BMI percentile) preteens with different levels of math skill; thirty-one with low math skills (14 obese, mean BMI = 26.40, 9.79 years old; 17 non-obese, BMI = 17.45, 9.76 years old) and thirty-one with high math skills (15 obese, BMI = 26.90, 9.60 years old; 16 non-obese, BMI = 17.13, 9.63 years old). No significant differences between weight groups were observed in task accuracy regardless of their mathematical skill level. For ERPs, electrophysiological differences were found only in the subtraction condition; participants with obesity showed an electrophysiologic pattern associated with a reduced ability to allocate attention resources regardless of their math skill level, these differences were characterized by longer P300 latency than their normal-weight peers. Moreover, the participants with obesity with high math skills displayed hypoactivity in left superior parietal lobule compared with their normal-weight peers. Additionally, obese preteens with low math skills displayed smaller arithmetic N400 amplitude than non-obese participants, reflecting difficulties in retrieving visual, semantic, and lexical information about numbers. We conclude that participants with obesity are less able than their normal-weight peers to deploy their attention regardless of their behavioral performance, which seems to have a greater effect on obese participants with low math skills because they also show problems in the retrieval of solutions from working memory, resulting in a delay in the development of mathematical skills.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graciela C. Alatorre-Cruz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Heather Downs
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Darcy Hagood
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Seth T. Sorensen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - D. Keith Williams
- Vice Chair for Education, Department of Biostatistics, Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Linda J. Larson-Prior
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, and Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
The role of the nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum in feeding and obesity. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 111:110394. [PMID: 34242717 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a growing global epidemic that stems from the increasing availability of highly-palatable foods and the consequent enhanced calorie consumption. Extensive research has shown that brain regions that are central to reward seeking modulate feeding and evidence linking obesity to pathology in such regions have recently started to accumulate. In this review we focus on the contribution of two major interconnected structures central to reward processing, the nucleus accumbens and the ventral pallidum, to obesity. We first review the known literature linking these structures to feeding behavior, then discuss recent advances connecting pathology in the nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum to obesity, and finally examine the similarities and differences between drug addiction and obesity in the context of these two structures. The understanding of how pathology in brain regions involved in reward seeking and consumption may drive obesity and how mechanistically similar obesity and addiction are, is only now starting to be revealed. We hope that future research will advance knowledge in the field and open new avenues to studying and treating obesity.
Collapse
|
17
|
Adise S, Allgaier N, Laurent J, Hahn S, Chaarani B, Owens M, Yuan D, Nyugen P, Mackey S, Potter A, Garavan HP. Multimodal brain predictors of current weight and weight gain in children enrolled in the ABCD study ®. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2021; 49:100948. [PMID: 33862325 PMCID: PMC8066422 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.100948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Multimodal neuroimaging assessments were utilized to identify generalizable brain correlates of current body mass index (BMI) and predictors of pathological weight gain (i.e., beyond normative development) one year later. Multimodal data from children enrolled in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study® at 9-to-10-years-old, consisted of structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), resting state (rs), and three task-based functional (f) MRI scans assessing reward processing, inhibitory control, and working memory. Cross-validated elastic-net regression revealed widespread structural associations with BMI (e.g., cortical thickness, surface area, subcortical volume, and DTI), which explained 35% of the variance in the training set and generalized well to the test set (R2 = 0.27). Widespread rsfMRI inter- and intra-network correlations were related to BMI (R2train = 0.21; R2test = 0.14), as were regional activations on the working memory task (R2train = 0.20; (R2test = 0.16). However, reward and inhibitory control tasks were unrelated to BMI. Further, pathological weight gain was predicted by structural features (Area Under the Curve (AUC)train = 0.83; AUCtest = 0.83, p < 0.001), but not by fMRI nor rsfMRI. These results establish generalizable brain correlates of current weight and future pathological weight gain. These results also suggest that sMRI may have particular value for identifying children at risk for pathological weight gain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shana Adise
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
| | - Nicholas Allgaier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jennifer Laurent
- Department of Nursing, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Sage Hahn
- Department of Complex Systems, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Bader Chaarani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Max Owens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - DeKang Yuan
- Department of Complex Systems, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Philip Nyugen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA; Department of Complex Systems, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA; Department of Nursing, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA; Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Scott Mackey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Alexandra Potter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Hugh P Garavan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA; Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cai S, Aris IM, Yuan WL, Tan KH, Godfrey KM, Gluckman PD, Shek LPC, Chong YS, Yap F, Fortier MV, Meaney MJ, Lee YS, Qiu A. Neonatal amygdala microstructure mediates the relationship between gestational glycemia and offspring adiposity. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2021; 9:e001396. [PMID: 33888539 PMCID: PMC8070871 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To determine if variations in the neonatal amygdala mediate the association between maternal antenatal glycemia and offspring adiposity in early childhood. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS 123 non-obese pregnant women with no pregnancy complications aside from gestational diabetes underwent a 75 g 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test at 26-28 weeks' gestation. Volume and fractional anisotropy (FA) of the neonatal amygdala (5-17 days old) were measured by MRI. The Body Mass Index (BMI) z-scores and sum of skinfold thickness (subscapular and triceps) of these children were tracked up to 60 months of age (18, 24, 36, 48, 54 and 60 months). RESULTS Maternal fasting glucose levels were positively associated with the offspring's sum of skinfold thickness at age 48 months (β=3.12, 95% CI 0.18 to 6.06 mm) and 60 months (β=4.14, 95% CI 0.46 to 7.82 mm) and BMI z-scores at 48 months (β=0.94, 95% CI 0.03 to 1.85), 54 months (β=0.74, 95% CI 0.12 to 1.36) and 60 months (β=0.74, 95% CI 0.08 to 1.39). Maternal fasting glucose was negatively associated with the offspring's FA of the right amygdala (β=-0.019, 95% CI -0.036 to -0.003). Right amygdala FA was negatively associated with the sum of skinfold thickness in the offspring at age 48 months (β=-56.95, 95% CI -98.43 to -15.47 mm), 54 months (β=-46.18, 95% CI -88.57 to -3.78 mm), and 60 months (β=-53.69, 95% CI -105.74 to -1.64 mm). The effect sizes mediated by right amygdala FA between fasting glucose and sum of skinfolds were estimated at β=5.14 (95% CI 0.74 to 9.53) mm (p=0.022), β=4.40 (95% CI 0.08 to 8.72) (p=0.049) mm and β=4.56 (95% CI -0.17 to 9.29) mm (p=0.059) at 48, 54 and 60 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In the offspring of non-obese mothers, gestational fasting glucose concentration is negatively associated with neonatal right amygdala FA and positively associated with childhood adiposity. Neonatal right amygdala FA may be a potential mediator between maternal glycemia and childhood adiposity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shirong Cai
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
- Department for Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Izzuddin M Aris
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wen Lun Yuan
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Peter D Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Aukland, New Zealand
| | - Lynette Pei-Chi Shek
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
- Department for Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fabian Yap
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Marielle V Fortier
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anqi Qiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lynch KM, Page KA, Shi Y, Xiang AH, Toga AW, Clark KA. The effect of body mass index on hippocampal morphology and memory performance in late childhood and adolescence. Hippocampus 2021; 31:189-200. [PMID: 33174346 PMCID: PMC9006989 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is associated with negative physiological and cognitive health outcomes. The hippocampus is a diverse subcortical structure involved in learned feeding behaviors and energy regulation, and research has shown that the hippocampus is vulnerable to the effects of excess adiposity. Previous studies have demonstrated reduced hippocampal volume in overweight and obese children; however, it is unclear if certain subregions are selectively affected. The purpose of this study was to determine how excess body weight influences regional hippocampal surface morphology and memory performance in a large cross-sectional cohort of 588 children and adolescents between 8.33 and 19.92 years of age using body mass index expressed as a percentage of the 95th percentile cutoff (%BMIp95). We demonstrate %BMIp95 is associated with reduced radial thickness in the superior anterior region of the left hippocampus, and this relationship is predominantly driven by children younger than 14 years. We also found %BMIp95 was associated with worse performance on a spatial episodic memory task and this relationship was partially mediated by the radial thickness of the significant shape cluster. These results demonstrate the differential influence of excess body weight on regional hippocampal structure and hippocampal-dependent behavior in children and adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten M. Lynch
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging (LONI), USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen A. Page
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine; Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yonggang Shi
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging (LONI), USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anny H. Xiang
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA
| | - Arthur W. Toga
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging (LONI), USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kristi A. Clark
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gómez-Apo E, Mondragón-Maya A, Ferrari-Díaz M, Silva-Pereyra J. Structural Brain Changes Associated with Overweight and Obesity. J Obes 2021; 2021:6613385. [PMID: 34327017 PMCID: PMC8302366 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6613385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global health problem with a broad set of comorbidities, such as malnutrition, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, systemic hypertension, heart failure, and kidney failure. This review describes recent findings of neuroimaging and two studies of cell density regarding the roles of overnutrition-induced hypothalamic inflammation in neurodegeneration. These studies provided consistent evidence of smaller cortical thickness or reduction in the gray matter volume in people with overweight and obesity; however, the investigated brain regions varied across the studies. In general, bilateral frontal and temporal areas, basal nuclei, and cerebellum are more commonly involved. Mechanisms of volume reduction are unknown, and neuroinflammation caused by obesity is likely to induce neuronal loss. Adipocytes, macrophages of the adipose tissue, and gut dysbiosis in overweight and obese individuals result in the secretion of the cytokines and chemokines that cross the blood-brain barrier and may stimulate microglia, which in turn also release proinflammatory cytokines. This leads to chronic low-grade neuroinflammation and may be an important factor for apoptotic signaling and neuronal death. Additionally, significant microangiopathy observed in rat models may be another important mechanism of induction of apoptosis. Neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases) may be similar to that in metabolic diseases induced by malnutrition. Poor cognitive performance, mainly in executive functions, in individuals with obesity is also discussed. This review highlights the neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative mechanisms linked to obesity and emphasizes the importance of developing effective prevention and treatment intervention strategies for overweight and obese individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erick Gómez-Apo
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Mondragón-Maya
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Martina Ferrari-Díaz
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Juan Silva-Pereyra
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Brain structural abnormalities in obesity: relation to age, genetic risk, and common psychiatric disorders : Evidence through univariate and multivariate mega-analysis including 6420 participants from the ENIGMA MDD working group. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:4839-4852. [PMID: 32467648 PMCID: PMC8589644 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0774-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that obesity impacts brain physiology at multiple levels. Here we aimed to clarify the relationship between obesity and brain structure using structural MRI (n = 6420) and genetic data (n = 3907) from the ENIGMA Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) working group. Obesity (BMI > 30) was significantly associated with cortical and subcortical abnormalities in both mass-univariate and multivariate pattern recognition analyses independent of MDD diagnosis. The most pronounced effects were found for associations between obesity and lower temporo-frontal cortical thickness (maximum Cohen´s d (left fusiform gyrus) = -0.33). The observed regional distribution and effect size of cortical thickness reductions in obesity revealed considerable similarities with corresponding patterns of lower cortical thickness in previously published studies of neuropsychiatric disorders. A higher polygenic risk score for obesity significantly correlated with lower occipital surface area. In addition, a significant age-by-obesity interaction on cortical thickness emerged driven by lower thickness in older participants. Our findings suggest a neurobiological interaction between obesity and brain structure under physiological and pathological brain conditions.
Collapse
|
22
|
Campbell CE, Mezher AF, Eckel SP, Tyszka JM, Pauli WM, Nagel BJ, Herting MM. Restructuring of amygdala subregion apportion across adolescence. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2020; 48:100883. [PMID: 33476872 PMCID: PMC7820032 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Total amygdala volumes develop in association with sex and puberty, and postmortem studies find neuronal numbers increase in a nuclei specific fashion across development. Thus, amygdala subregions and composition may evolve with age. Our goal was to examine if amygdala subregion absolute volumes and/or relative proportion varies as a function of age, sex, or puberty in a large sample of typically developing adolescents (N = 408, 43 % female, 10-17 years). Utilizing the in vivo CIT168 atlas, we quantified 9 subregions and implemented Generalized Additive Mixed Models to capture potential non-linear associations with age and pubertal status between sexes. Only males showed significant age associations with the basolateral ventral and paralaminar subdivision (BLVPL), central nucleus (CEN), and amygdala transition area (ATA). Again, only males showed relative differences in the proportion of the BLVPL, CEN, ATA, along with lateral (LA) and amygdalostriatal transition area (ASTA), with age. Using a best-fit modeling approach, age, and not puberty, was found to drive these associations. The results suggest that amygdala subregions show unique variations with age in males across adolescence. Future research is warranted to determine if our findings may contribute to sex differences in mental health that emerge across adolescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Campbell
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-2520, USA
| | - Adam F Mezher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-2520, USA
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - J Michael Tyszka
- Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Wolfgang M Pauli
- Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Bonnie J Nagel
- Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239-3098, USA
| | - Megan M Herting
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kim MS, Luo S, Azad A, Campbell CE, Felix K, Cabeen RP, Belcher BR, Kim R, Serrano-Gonzalez M, Herting MM. Prefrontal Cortex and Amygdala Subregion Morphology Are Associated With Obesity and Dietary Self-control in Children and Adolescents. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:563415. [PMID: 33343315 PMCID: PMC7744283 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.563415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A prefrontal control system that is less mature than the limbic reward system in adolescence is thought to impede self-regulatory abilities, which could contribute to poor dietary choices and obesity. We, therefore, aimed to examine whether structural morphology of the prefrontal cortex (PFC; involved in cognitive control) and the amygdala (a key brain region for reward-related processing) are associated with dietary decisions and obesity in children and adolescents. Seventy-one individuals between the ages of 8-22 years (17.35 ± 4.76 years, 51% female, 56% were overweight or obese) participated in this study; each participant completed a computer-based food choice task and a T1- and T2-weighted structural brain scans. Two indices of obesity were assessed, including age- and sex-specific body mass index (BMIz) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). The behavioral task included rating 60 food stimuli for tastiness, healthiness, and liking. Based on each participant's self-ratings, 100 binary food choices were then made utilizing a computer mouse. Dietary "self-control" was calculated as the proportion of trials where the individual chose the healthier food item (vs. the tastier food item) over the total number of trials. Cortical thickness and amygdala subnuclei volumes were quantified using FreeSurfer 6.0 and CIT168 atlas, respectively. We found that WHtR was negatively associated with the thickness of bilateral superior frontal, left superior temporal, right insula, and right inferior temporal regions (p < 0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons). We also found WHtR to be positively associated with the volume of the central nucleus (CEN) region of the amygdala (p = 0.006), after adjusting for the hemisphere, age, sex, and intracranial volumes. A similar data pattern was observed when BMIz was used. Moreover, we found that across all participants, thinner right superior frontal cortex and larger left CEN volumes predicted lower dietary self-control. These results suggest that differential development of the PFC and amygdala relate to obesity and dietary self-control. Further longitudinal studies are merited to determine causal relationships among altered PFC to amygdala neural circuitry, dietary self-control, and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mimi S Kim
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,The Saban Research Institute at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shan Luo
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Anisa Azad
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Claire E Campbell
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kimberly Felix
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ryan P Cabeen
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Britni R Belcher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Robert Kim
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Monica Serrano-Gonzalez
- Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Megan M Herting
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
García-García I, Morys F, Dagher A. Nucleus accumbens volume is related to obesity measures in an age-dependent fashion. J Neuroendocrinol 2020; 32:e12812. [PMID: 31758711 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Motivation theories of obesity suggest that one of the brain mechanisms underlying pathological eating and weight gain is the dysregulation of dopaminergic circuits. Although these dysregulations likely occur at the microscopic level, studies on grey matter volume report macroscopic differences associated with obesity. One region suggested to play a key role in the pathophysiology of obesity is the nucleus accumbens (NAcc). We performed a meta-analysis of findings regarding NAcc volume and overweight/obesity. We additionally examined whether grey matter volume in the NAcc and other mesolimbic areas depends on the longitudinal trajectory of obesity, using the UK Biobank dataset. To this end, we analysed the data using a latent growth model, which identifies whether a certain variable of interest (eg, NAcc volume) is related to another variable's (body mass index [BMI]) initial values or longitudinal trajectories. Our meta-analysis showed that, overall, NAcc volume is positively related to BMI. However, further analyses revealed that the relationship between NAcc volume and BMI is dependent on age. For younger individuals, such a relationship is positive, whereas, for older adults, it is negative. This was corroborated by our analysis in the UK Biobank dataset, which includes older adults, where we found that a higher BMI was associated with a lower NAcc and thalamus volume. Overall, the present study suggests that increased NAcc volume at a young age might be a vulnerability factor for obesity, whereas, at an older age, decreased NAcc volume with increased BMI might be an effect of prolonged influences of neuroinflammation on the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Filip Morys
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alain Dagher
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hung TKW, Dong TS, Chen Z, Elashoff D, Sinsheimer JS, Jacobs JP, Lagishetty V, Vora P, Stains J, Mayer EA, Gupta A. Understanding the Heterogeneity of Obesity and the Relationship to the Brain-Gut Axis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123701. [PMID: 33266058 PMCID: PMC7761087 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is best understood as a multifactorial metabolic imbalances disorder. In a cross-sectional study, we aimed to explore sociodemographic and dietary determinants of obesity in relation to brain-gut homeostasis among overweight and obese individuals. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine obesity and its association with sociodemographic and dietary factors. Biological variables examined included the gut microbiome, fecal amino acid metabolites and brain structural volumes. Among 130 participants, there were higher odds of obesity if individuals were Hispanic (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.56, p = 0.014). Compared to non-Hispanics, Hispanics differed in gut microbial composition (p = 0.046) with lower microbial species richness (Chao1) (p = 0.032) and evenness (Shannon) (p = 0.0029). Fourteen of the twenty fecal amino acids including branch-chain- and aromatic- amino acids were increased among Hispanics (q < 0.05). Brain structural volumes in reward regions were decreased in Hispanics (pallidum, q = 0.036; brainstem, q = 0.011). Correlation patterns suggest complex brain-gut interactions differ by Hispanic ethnicity. In conclusion, Hispanics expressed a unique brain-gut microbial signature, which was associated with obesity despite sociodemographic and dietary differences. Addressing ethnic disparities guided by biologic phenotypes may unlock novel understanding of obesity heterogeneity and treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tony K. W. Hung
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (T.K.W.H.); (T.S.D.); (Z.C.); (D.E.); (J.P.J.); (V.L.); (P.V.); (J.S.); (E.A.M.)
- David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tien S. Dong
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (T.K.W.H.); (T.S.D.); (Z.C.); (D.E.); (J.P.J.); (V.L.); (P.V.); (J.S.); (E.A.M.)
- David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA Microbiome Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zixi Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (T.K.W.H.); (T.S.D.); (Z.C.); (D.E.); (J.P.J.); (V.L.); (P.V.); (J.S.); (E.A.M.)
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - David Elashoff
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (T.K.W.H.); (T.S.D.); (Z.C.); (D.E.); (J.P.J.); (V.L.); (P.V.); (J.S.); (E.A.M.)
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
- Department of Biostatistics, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Janet S. Sinsheimer
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
- Department of Biostatistics, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Jacobs
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (T.K.W.H.); (T.S.D.); (Z.C.); (D.E.); (J.P.J.); (V.L.); (P.V.); (J.S.); (E.A.M.)
- David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA Microbiome Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Venu Lagishetty
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (T.K.W.H.); (T.S.D.); (Z.C.); (D.E.); (J.P.J.); (V.L.); (P.V.); (J.S.); (E.A.M.)
- UCLA Microbiome Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Priten Vora
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (T.K.W.H.); (T.S.D.); (Z.C.); (D.E.); (J.P.J.); (V.L.); (P.V.); (J.S.); (E.A.M.)
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jean Stains
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (T.K.W.H.); (T.S.D.); (Z.C.); (D.E.); (J.P.J.); (V.L.); (P.V.); (J.S.); (E.A.M.)
- David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Emeran A. Mayer
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (T.K.W.H.); (T.S.D.); (Z.C.); (D.E.); (J.P.J.); (V.L.); (P.V.); (J.S.); (E.A.M.)
- David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA Microbiome Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Arpana Gupta
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (T.K.W.H.); (T.S.D.); (Z.C.); (D.E.); (J.P.J.); (V.L.); (P.V.); (J.S.); (E.A.M.)
- David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA Microbiome Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Vakli P, Deák-Meszlényi RJ, Auer T, Vidnyánszky Z. Predicting Body Mass Index From Structural MRI Brain Images Using a Deep Convolutional Neural Network. Front Neuroinform 2020; 14:10. [PMID: 32265681 PMCID: PMC7104804 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2020.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, deep learning (DL) has become more widespread in the fields of cognitive and clinical neuroimaging. Using deep neural network models to process neuroimaging data is an efficient method to classify brain disorders and identify individuals who are at increased risk of age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disease. Here we investigated, for the first time, whether structural brain imaging and DL can be used for predicting a physical trait that is of significant clinical relevance—the body mass index (BMI) of the individual. We show that individual BMI can be accurately predicted using a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) and a single structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scan along with information about age and sex. Localization maps computed for the CNN highlighted several brain structures that strongly contributed to BMI prediction, including the caudate nucleus and the amygdala. Comparison to the results obtained via a standard automatic brain segmentation method revealed that the CNN-based visualization approach yielded complementary evidence regarding the relationship between brain structure and BMI. Taken together, our results imply that predicting BMI from structural brain scans using DL represents a promising approach to investigate the relationship between brain morphological variability and individual differences in body weight and provide a new scope for future investigations regarding the potential clinical utility of brain-predicted BMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pál Vakli
- Brain Imaging Centre, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Tibor Auer
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Zoltán Vidnyánszky
- Brain Imaging Centre, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Cadenas-Sanchez C, Esteban-Cornejo I, Migueles JH, Labayen I, Verdejo-Román J, Mora-Gonzalez J, Henriksson P, Maldonado J, Gómez-Vida J, Hillman CH, Erickson KI, Kramer AF, Catena A, Ortega FB. Differences in Brain Volume between Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Overweight and Obese Children: The Role of Fitness. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E1059. [PMID: 32276395 PMCID: PMC7231256 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine whether metabolically healthy overweight/obese children have greater global and regional gray matter volumes than their metabolically unhealthy peers. We further examined the association between gray matter volume and academic achievement, along with the role of cardiorespiratory fitness in these associations. A total of 97 overweight/obese children (10.0 ± 1.2 years) participated. We classified children as metabolically healthy/unhealthy based on metabolic syndrome cut-offs. Global and regional brain volumes were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Academic achievement was assessed using the Woodcock-Muñoz standardized test. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by the 20 m shuttle run test. Metabolically healthy overweight/obese (MHO) children had greater regional gray matter volume compared to those who were metabolically unhealthy (MUO) (all p ≤ 0.001). A similar trend was observed for global gray matter volume (p = 0.06). Global gray matter volume was positively related to academic achievement (β = 0.237, p = 0.036). However, all the associations were attenuated or disappeared after adjusting for cardiorespiratory fitness (p > 0.05). The findings of the present study support that metabolically healthy overweight/obese children have greater gray matter volume compared to those that are metabolically unhealthy, which is in turn related to better academic achievement. However, cardiorespiratory fitness seems to explain, at least partially, these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity” Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (I.E.-C.); (J.H.M.); (J.M.-G.); (F.B.O.)
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences University of Cádiz, 11519 Cádiz, Spain
- Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Public University of Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Irene Esteban-Cornejo
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity” Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (I.E.-C.); (J.H.M.); (J.M.-G.); (F.B.O.)
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.H.H.); (A.F.K.)
| | - Jairo H. Migueles
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity” Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (I.E.-C.); (J.H.M.); (J.M.-G.); (F.B.O.)
| | - Idoia Labayen
- Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Public University of Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Juan Verdejo-Román
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain;
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (UCM-UPM), Center for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Mora-Gonzalez
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity” Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (I.E.-C.); (J.H.M.); (J.M.-G.); (F.B.O.)
- College of Health and Human Services, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28233, USA
| | - Pontus Henriksson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at NOVUM, Karolinska Institutet, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden;
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - José Maldonado
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- The Institute of Biomedicine Research (Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS)), 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - José Gómez-Vida
- Department of Pediatrics, San Cecilio Hospital, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Charles H. Hillman
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.H.H.); (A.F.K.)
- Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, & Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kirk I. Erickson
- Brain Aging & Cognitive Health Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA;
| | - Arthur F. Kramer
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.H.H.); (A.F.K.)
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Andrés Catena
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain;
| | - Francisco B. Ortega
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity” Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (I.E.-C.); (J.H.M.); (J.M.-G.); (F.B.O.)
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at NOVUM, Karolinska Institutet, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden;
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Masterson TD, Bobak C, Rapuano KM, Shearrer GE, Gilbert-Diamond D. Association between regional brain volumes and BMI z-score change over one year in children. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221995. [PMID: 31536539 PMCID: PMC6752809 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Associations between brain region volume and weight status have been observed in children cross-sectionally. However, it is unclear if differences in brain region volume precede weight gain. METHODS Two high-quality structural brain images were obtained approximately one year apart in 53 children aged 9-12 years old. Children's height and weight were also measured at each scan. Structural images were processed using the FreeSurfer software-package providing volume measures for regions of interest including the entorhinal cortex, nucleus accumbens, and hippocampus. Age- and sex-adjusted BMI z-scores (BMIz) were calculated at both timepoints. The association between brain region volume and BMIz was examined cross-sectionally using linear regression and longitudinally using structural equation modeling. All models were adjusted by estimated cranial volume to account for individual variation in head size and were corrected for multiple comparisons (pFDR<0.05). RESULTS The sample of children was primarily healthy weight at baseline (79.78%). Cross-sectionally at the one-year follow-up, a positive relationship was observed between right hippocampal volume and BMIz (β = 0.43, 95% CI = (0.10, 0.77)). Longitudinally a negative relationship was observed between right entorhinal volume at baseline and BMIz at the one-year follow-up (β = -0.25, 95% CI = (-0.44, -0.07)). CONCLUSION These results suggest that measured volumes from certain regions of the brain that have been associated with BMI in adults are associated with both concurrent BMIz and BMIz change over one-year in a primarily healthy weight sample of children. As the entorhinal cortex integrates signals from both reward and control regions, this region may be particularly important to weight management during child development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Travis D. Masterson
- Department of Epidemiology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Carly Bobak
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Kristina M. Rapuano
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Grace E. Shearrer
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Diane Gilbert-Diamond
- Department of Epidemiology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|