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Buli BG, Lehtinen-Jacks S, Larm P, Nilsson KW, Hellström-Olsson C, Giannotta F. Trends in psychosomatic symptoms among adolescents and the role of lifestyle factors. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:878. [PMID: 38515098 PMCID: PMC10958834 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18327-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent mental health problems are on the rise globally, including in Sweden. One indicator of this trend is increased psychosomatic symptoms (PSS) over time. Lifestyle factors such as physical activity (PA), diet, smoking, and alcohol consumption may influence the time trends in PSS; however, the evidence base is scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between time trends in PSS and lifestyle factors. METHODS The study was based on data collected from a nationally representative sample of 9,196 fifteen-year-old boys and girls in Sweden using the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) symptom checklist. The sample comprised nearly equal proportions of girls (50.5%) and boys. The lifestyle factors examined in this study included PA, regular breakfast intake, consumption of fruits, vegetables, sweets, or soft drinks, smoking, and alcohol drunkenness. We used data from 2002 to 2018 and stratified by family affluence scale (FAS) to demonstrate how the associations varied among the FAS groups. We fitted separate regression models for the high- and low-FAS groups, where interaction terms between the year of survey and each lifestyle factor were used to estimate the level and direction of associations between the factors and trends in PSS. RESULTS There was a generally increasing trend in PSS mean scores from 2.26 in 2002 to 2.49 in 2018 (p <.001). The changes in each survey year compared to the average mean scores during the preceding years were significant in all years except 2010. Regular breakfast intake, daily fruit and vegetable consumption, and higher PA were associated with lower PSS mean scores, while smoking and drunkenness had opposite associations with PSS. The only significant interaction between survey year and the lifestyle factors was observed regarding drunkenness in the high FAS group, suggesting that the association between trends in PSS and the experience of getting drunk at least twice got stronger over time (B = 0.057; CI:0.016, 0.097; p <.01). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate increasing trends in PSS among young people in Sweden from 2002 to 2018, with a significant increase observed among adolescents in the high FAS group who reported getting drunk on at least two occasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benti Geleta Buli
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Mälardalen University, 721 23, Västerås, Box 883, Sweden.
| | - Susanna Lehtinen-Jacks
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Mälardalen University, 721 23, Västerås, Box 883, Sweden
| | - Peter Larm
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kent W Nilsson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Mälardalen University, 721 23, Västerås, Box 883, Sweden
- Center for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, Västmanland County Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Fabrizia Giannotta
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Mälardalen University, 721 23, Västerås, Box 883, Sweden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Marzban M, Jamshidi A, Khorrami Z, Hall M, Batty JA, Farhadi A, Mahmudpour M, Gholizade M, Nabipour I, Larijani B, Afrashteh S. Determinants of multimorbidity in older adults in Iran: a cross-sectional study using latent class analysis on the Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) program. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:247. [PMID: 38468227 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04848-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Multimorbidity, defined as the presence of two or more long-term health conditions in an individual, is one of the most significant challenges facing health systems worldwide. This study aimed to identify determinants of classes of multimorbidity among older adults in Iran. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a cross-sectional sample of older adults (aged ≥ 60 years) from the second stage of the Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) program in southern Iran, latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify patterns of multimorbidity. Multinomial logistic regression was conducted to investigate factors associated with each multimorbidity class, including age, gender, education, household income, physical activity, smoking status, and polypharmacy. RESULTS In 2,426 study participants (mean age 69 years, 52% female), the overall prevalence of multimorbidity was 80.2%. Among those with multimorbidity, 3 latent classes were identified. These comprised: class 1, individuals with a low burden of multisystem disease (56.9%); class 2, individuals with predominantly cardiovascular-metabolic disorders (25.8%) and class 3, individuals with predominantly cognitive and metabolic disorders (17.1%). Compared with men, women were more likely to belong to class 2 (odds ratio [OR] 1.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.52-2.54) and class 3 (OR 4.52, 95% CI 3.22-6.35). Polypharmacy was associated with membership class 2 (OR 3.52, 95% CI: 2.65-4.68) and class 3 (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.28-2.63). Smoking was associated with membership in class 3 (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.01-2.08). Individuals with higher education levels (59%) and higher levels of physical activity (39%) were less likely to belong to class 3 (OR 0.41; 95% CI: 0.28-0.62) and to class 2 (OR 0.61; 95% CI: 0.38-0.97), respectively. Those at older age were less likely to belong to class 2 (OR 0.95). DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS A large proportion of older adults in Iran have multimorbidity. Female sex, polypharmacy, sedentary lifestyle, and poor education levels were associated with cardiovascular-metabolic multimorbidity and cognitive and metabolic multimorbidity. A greater understanding of the determinants of multimorbidity may lead to strategies to prevent its development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Marzban
- Statistical Genetics Lab, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, QLD, Brisbane, Australia
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Ali Jamshidi
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Zahra Khorrami
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marlous Hall
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Jonathan A Batty
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Akram Farhadi
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Mahmudpour
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mohamad Gholizade
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Iraj Nabipour
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Afrashteh
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
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3
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Wang Y, Sung HY, Lea Watkins S, Lightwood J, Yao T, Max W. The association of current exclusive e-cigarette use and dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes with psychological distress among U.S. adults. Prev Med Rep 2023; 36:102425. [PMID: 37810268 PMCID: PMC10556823 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This observational study examines the association of current e-cigarette use and dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes (dual use) with psychological distress among U.S. adults. We differentiate dual use based on the smoking frequency and compare the relationship between dual use and psychological distress to that of exclusive cigarette smoking with the same smoking frequency. Using data from the 2015-2018 National Health Interview Surveys, we analyzed adults aged 18+ (N = 55,780) who currently use e-cigarettes or/and cigarettes and have no history of using other tobacco products, and adults who never used any tobacco. Multinomial logistic regression models estimate the association of current e-cigarette use and dual use with psychological distress severity (no/mild, moderate, and severe).In the sample, 15.3% and 2.9% of adults experienced moderate and severe psychological distress. Compared to never tobacco users, current exclusive e-cigarette users and dual users who smoke daily had higher odds of moderate and severe psychological distress. Dual users who smoke nondaily had higher odds of moderate, but not severe psychological distress than never tobacco users. Compared to exclusive daily smokers, dual users with daily smoking had higher odds of moderate and severe psychological distress. Compared to exclusive nondaily smokers, dual users with nondaily smoking had higher odds of moderate but not severe psychological distress. Our findings suggest that exclusive e-cigarette use is associated with psychological distress severity. Dual use is associated with higher odds of psychological distress severity compared to never tobacco users and exclusive cigarette smoking, and this association differs by smoking frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingning Wang
- Institute for Health & Aging, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hai-Yen Sung
- Institute for Health & Aging, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shannon Lea Watkins
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - James Lightwood
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tingting Yao
- Institute for Health & Aging, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wendy Max
- Institute for Health & Aging, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Seidlitz J, Mallard TT, Vogel JW, Lee YH, Warrier V, Ball G, Hansson O, Hernandez LM, Mandal AS, Wagstyl K, Lombardo MV, Courchesne E, Glessner JT, Satterthwaite TD, Bethlehem RAI, Bernstock JD, Tasaki S, Ng B, Gaiteri C, Smoller JW, Ge T, Gur RE, Gandal MJ, Alexander-Bloch AF. The molecular genetic landscape of human brain size variation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113439. [PMID: 37963017 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Human brain size changes dynamically through early development, peaks in adolescence, and varies up to 2-fold among adults. However, the molecular genetic underpinnings of interindividual variation in brain size remain unknown. Here, we leveraged postmortem brain RNA sequencing and measurements of brain weight (BW) in 2,531 individuals across three independent datasets to identify 928 genome-wide significant associations with BW. Genes associated with higher or lower BW showed distinct neurodevelopmental trajectories and spatial patterns that mapped onto functional and cellular axes of brain organization. Expression of BW genes was predictive of interspecies differences in brain size, and bioinformatic annotation revealed enrichment for neurogenesis and cell-cell communication. Genome-wide, transcriptome-wide, and phenome-wide association analyses linked BW gene sets to neuroimaging measurements of brain size and brain-related clinical traits. Cumulatively, these results represent a major step toward delineating the molecular pathways underlying human brain size variation in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Seidlitz
- Lifespan Brain Institute, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Travis T Mallard
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA 02142, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jacob W Vogel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Younga H Lee
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA 02142, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02142, USA
| | - Varun Warrier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Gareth Ball
- Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö P663+Q9, Sweden; Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö P663+Q9, Sweden
| | - Leanna M Hernandez
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Ayan S Mandal
- Lifespan Brain Institute, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Konrad Wagstyl
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Michael V Lombardo
- Laboratory for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems @UniTn, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 38068 Rovereto, Italy
| | - Eric Courchesne
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Autism Center of Excellence, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joseph T Glessner
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Lifespan Brain Institute, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Joshua D Bernstock
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Shinya Tasaki
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Bernard Ng
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Chris Gaiteri
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA 02142, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02142, USA; Center for Precision Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Tian Ge
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA 02142, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02142, USA; Center for Precision Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Lifespan Brain Institute, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael J Gandal
- Lifespan Brain Institute, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aaron F Alexander-Bloch
- Lifespan Brain Institute, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Vallés AS, Barrantes FJ. Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Dysfunction in Addiction and in Some Neurodegenerative and Neuropsychiatric Diseases. Cells 2023; 12:2051. [PMID: 37626860 PMCID: PMC10453526 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The cholinergic system plays an essential role in brain development, physiology, and pathophysiology. Herein, we review how specific alterations in this system, through genetic mutations or abnormal receptor function, can lead to aberrant neural circuitry that triggers disease. The review focuses on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and its role in addiction and in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases and epilepsy. Cholinergic dysfunction is associated with inflammatory processes mainly through the involvement of α7 nAChRs expressed in brain and in peripheral immune cells. Evidence suggests that these neuroinflammatory processes trigger and aggravate pathological states. We discuss the preclinical evidence demonstrating the therapeutic potential of nAChR ligands in Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and in autosomal dominant sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy. PubMed and Google Scholar bibliographic databases were searched with the keywords indicated below.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofía Vallés
- Bahía Blanca Institute of Biochemical Research (UNS-CONICET), Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina;
| | - Francisco J. Barrantes
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina—National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Av. Alicia Moreau de Justo 1600, Buenos Aires C1107AFF, Argentina
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Chen X, Cook R, Filbey FM, Nguyen H, McColl R, Jeon-Slaughter H. Sex Difference in Cigarette-Smoking Status and Its Association with Brain Volumes Using Large-Scale Community-Representative Data. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1164. [PMID: 37626520 PMCID: PMC10452722 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13081164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is believed to accelerate age-related neurodegeneration. Despite significant sex differences in both smoking behaviors and brain structures, the active literature is equivocal in parsing out a sex difference in smoking-associated brain structural changes. OBJECTIVE The current study examined subcortical and lateral ventricle gray matter (GM) volume differences among smokers, active, past, and never-smokers, stratified by sex. METHODS The current study data included 1959 Dallas Heart Study (DHS) participants with valid brain imaging data. Stratified by gender, multiple-group comparisons of three cigarette-smoking groups were conducted to test whether there is any cigarette-smoking group differences in GM volumes of the selected regions of interest (ROIs). RESULTS The largest subcortical GM volumetric loss and enlargement of the lateral ventricle were observed among past smokers for both females and males. However, these observed group differences in GM volumetric changes were statistically significant only among males after adjusting for age and intracranial volumes. CONCLUSIONS The study findings suggest a sex difference in lifetime-smoking-associated GM volumetric changes, even after controlling for aging and intracranial volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Chen
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75205, USA; (X.C.); (H.N.)
| | - Riley Cook
- VA North Texas Health Care Service, Dallas, TX 75216, USA;
| | - Francesca M. Filbey
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA;
| | - Hang Nguyen
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75205, USA; (X.C.); (H.N.)
| | - Roderick McColl
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Haekyung Jeon-Slaughter
- VA North Texas Health Care Service, Dallas, TX 75216, USA;
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Farver-Vestergaard I, Hjorth P, Pisinger C, Larsen PV, Løkke A. A survey exploring the practices of smoking cessation support among hospital-based healthcare providers. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:645. [PMID: 37328757 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09657-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hospital visits constitute a 'window of opportunity' for initiating smoking cessation attempts, and healthcare providers (HCPs) play an important role in supporting patients to stop smoking. Yet, the current practices of supporting smoking cessation in the hospital setting are largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to explore practices of smoking cessation support among hospital-based HCPs. METHODS HCPs working in a large hospital in the secondary care sector completed an online, cross-sectional survey, including sociodemographic and work-related factors as well as 21 questions assessing practices of smoking cessation support based on the "five As" framework. Descriptive statistics were computed, and predictors of HCPs giving patients advice to stop smoking were explored using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS All employees (N = 3998) in the hospital received a survey link; 1645 (41.1%) HCPs with daily patient contact completed the survey. Smoking cessation support in the hospital setting was limited with regard to assessment of smoking; providing information and advice; planning and referral for further support; and follow-up on smoking cessation attempts. Almost half (44.8%) of participating HCPs with daily patient contact never or rarely advise their patients to stop smoking. Physicians were more likely than nurses to advice patients to stop smoking, and HCPs in outpatient clinics were more likely to give advice than inpatient clinic HCPs. CONCLUSION Smoking cessation support is very limited in the hospital-based healthcare setting. This is problematic, as hospital visits can be windows of opportunity to help patients change their health behaviour. An intensified focus on the implementation of hospital-based smoking cessation support is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingeborg Farver-Vestergaard
- Department of Medicine, Lillebaelt Hospital, Beriderbakken 4, Vejle, 7100, Denmark.
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Peter Hjorth
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Psychiatric Hospital, Region of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Charlotta Pisinger
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Capital Region of Denmark, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Heart Foundation, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pia Veldt Larsen
- Mental Health Services, Region of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Anders Løkke
- Department of Medicine, Lillebaelt Hospital, Beriderbakken 4, Vejle, 7100, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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García-Jiménez J, Gómez-Sierra FJ, Martínez-Hortelano A, Moreno-Merino P, Girela-Serrano B, Molero P, Gutiérrez-Rojas L. Cigarette smoking and risk of suicide in bipolar disorder: a systematic review. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1179733. [PMID: 37275988 PMCID: PMC10235444 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1179733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Bipolar disorder (BD) is a highly prevalent, chronic and recurrent mental illness. The smoking rates in patients with BD are much higher than those of the general population, and BD is associated with an increased risk of suicide. An association between smoking and suicidal behavior has been found in the general population, this systematic review examines whether there is evidence of an association between smoking and suicide behavior in patients with BD. Method A database search was carried out in Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science, updated until December 31st, 2021, according to the 2020 PRISMA guidelines. We identified prospective and retrospective studies that included patients diagnosed with BD types I, II, and not otherwise specified, and in which smoking and suicidal behavior were correlated. Articles that focused exclusively on other mental disorders were excluded. The Ottawa-Newcastle scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the included articles. Results Fifteen articles (n = 7,395) met all the inclusion criteria. In nine of these articles, the authors found an association between smoking and suicidal behavior in BD, while in the remaining six articles, this association was not found. A great deal of variability was observed between articles, particularly in the measurement of suicidal behavior and tobacco consumption. The risk of bias, as assessed by the NOS, was high for most of the included articles, except for two papers, whose risk was low. Conclusion It was not possible to establish a clear relationship between tobacco use and the risk of suicide in BD patients due to the heterogeneity of the articles included in this systematic review, which had different sample sizes and methodological issues. However, both conditions are highly prevalent and have a negative impact on the prognosis of BD. Therefore, a systematic approach is needed, based on accurate measurement of a patient's smoking habits and their risk of suicidal behavior, in order to establish an appropriate therapeutic plan. Additional information This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors and was registered on PROSPERO with the CRD42022301570 on January 21th 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paula Moreno-Merino
- Mental Health Unit at Estepona, Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, Málaga, Spain
| | - Braulio Girela-Serrano
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patricio Molero
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Luis Gutiérrez-Rojas
- Department of Psychiatry, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
- Psychiatry and Neuroscience Research Group (CTS-549), Neuroscience Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Academic performance in adolescent offspring of mothers with prenatal and perinatal psychiatric hospitalizations: A register-based, data linkage, cohort study. Psychiatry Res 2023; 319:114946. [PMID: 36463723 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This is the first study to investigate the longitudinal association between prenatal and perinatal psychiatric hospitalizations and academic achievements in adolescent offspring. METHODS We conducted an administrative health data-based cohort study of 168, 528 mother-offspring pairs using linked data obtained from health and educational registries in New South Wales, Australia. Prenatal and perinatal maternal psychiatric diagnosis was measured by using ICD-10. The National Assessment Program for Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN) was used to assess the educational performance of the offspring. Logistic regression model was used to explore the association. Multivariate models were adjusted for maternal sociodemographic characteristics such as age at birth, marital status, educational status, and occupational status, maternal diabetes and chronic hypertension, maternal smoking during pregnancy, birth weight, and language spoken at home. RESULTS The findings show that after adjusting for important covariates adolescent offspring of mothers with prenatal and perinatal psychiatric hospitalizations were more likely to perform below the national minimum standard in all domains of academic performance at age 14 years, when compared with the offspring of mothers without such hospitalizations, with the highest odds for numeracy (OR = 2.88; 95% CI: 2.50-3.31) followed by reading (OR = 2.08; 95% CI: 1.81-2.38), spelling (OR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.51-2.01), and writing (OR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.34-1.80). There was significant gender interaction such that males were more likely to experience lower rates of academic performance than females in all academic domains. Lower academic achievements were observed among offspring of mothers with all major groupings of psychiatric disorders, with a higher risk for severe psychiatric disorders followed by mental disorders due to substance use or medical conditions. CONCLUSION In sum, maternal prenatal and perinatal psychiatric hospitalizations are associated with lower academic achievements in adolescent offspring, with a stronger effect on the academic performance of male offspring. Early intervention strategies that aim to enhance educational performance in the exposed offspring are needed.
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Al-Qashoti M, Aljassim R, Sherbash M, Alhussaini N, Al-Jayyousi G. Tobacco cessation programs and factors associated with their
effectiveness in the Middle East: A systematic review. Tob Induc Dis 2022; 20:84. [DOI: 10.18332/tid/153972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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11
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Zhang C, Ma W, Chen Z, He C, Zhang Y, Tao Q. The Association between Spicy Food Consumption and Psychological Health in Chinese College Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214508. [PMID: 36364771 PMCID: PMC9655525 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Capsaicin is the main active ingredient in chili peppers and spicy food. Animal studies provide contradictory results on the role of capsaicin in psychiatric disorders. There are no epidemiological studies to investigate the relationship between spicy food consumption and psychological health. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey was conducted. Psychological health was assessed with the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, and spicy food consumption was assessed as frequency, strength, and duration of consumption. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to determine the associations between spicy food consumption and psychological symptoms. RESULTS Our sample comprised 1771 participants (male = 674, mean age = 21.97 years). The odds of having depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms were 34.0%, 46.5%, and 19.1% in Chinese college students, respectively. After adjusting for a series of covariates, compared with non-consumers, the odds ratios (ORs) of depressive symptoms across spicy food consumption were 1.13 (95% CI: 0.87-1.46) for 1-2 days/week and 1.38 (95% CI: 1.02-1.86) for ≥3 days/week. With regard to anxiety symptoms, the ORs were 0.99 (95% CI: 0.78, 1.27) for 1-2 days/week and 1.50 (95% CI: 1.13-1.99) for ≥3 days/week. For stress symptoms, the ORs were 0.90 (95% CI: 0.66-1.23) for 1-2 days/week and 1.27 (95% CI: 0.89-1.80) for ≥3 days/week. The ORs for the depressive symptoms associated with different intensities of spicy food consumption were 1.00 (reference) for the reference group (non-consumers), 1.17 (95% CI: 0.90-1.52) for eating weakly spicy food, and 1.34 (95% CI: 1.01-1.78) for moderately to strongly spicy food. CONCLUSION The findings suggested a positive association between frequently spicy food consumption and depressive/anxiety symptoms in adolescents, and no such association was found for stress symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunchao Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Public Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wenhao Ma
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Public Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhiqing Chen
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chaoqun He
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Public Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Public Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qian Tao
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Public Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Division of Medical Psychology and Behavior Science, School of Basic Medicine and Public Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-020-8522-0267
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ALPTEKİN FB, GÜNGÖR BB, ÖZTÜRK N, AYDIN N. Mother-Infant Bonding in Patients with Bipolar Disorder. Noro Psikiyatr Ars 2022; 59:183-187. [PMID: 36160074 PMCID: PMC9466629 DOI: 10.29399/npa.27896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The quality of mother-infant bonding might play a role in future psychopathologies of the infant. The present study aims to compare the mother-infant bonding in mothers with remitted bipolar disorder (BD) and healthy mothers. METHODS We included 51 mothers who have bipolar disorder in remission and 53 healthy mothers during postpartum one-year period. All participants were interviewed with Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-IV). Young Mania Rating Scale and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale were given to the patient group to evaluate depressive and manic symptoms. Mother-infant bonding in both groups were evaluated with the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ). RESULTS There was no significant difference in PBQ scores between the bipolar group and the control group. Age was negatively correlated with PBQ scores in the patient group. CONCLUSION Women with bipolar disorder can develop healthy bonding patterns with their babies, during remission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Buket Belkız GÜNGÖR
- Bakırköy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Department of Psychiatry, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Nalan ÖZTÜRK
- Bakırköy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Department of Psychiatry, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Nazan AYDIN
- Üsküdar University, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, İstanbul, Turkey
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Nevriana A, Pierce M, Abel KM, Rossides M, Wicks S, Dalman C, Kosidou K. Association between parental mental illness and autoimmune diseases in the offspring - A nationwide register-based cohort study in Sweden. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 151:122-130. [PMID: 35477076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mental illness has been previously linked with autoimmune diseases, yet the associations between parental mental illness and offspring's risk of autoimmune diseases is largely unknown. We conducted a population-based cohort study of 2,192,490 Swedish children born between 1991 and 2011 and their parents to determine the associations between parental mental illness and risk of autoimmune diseases among the offspring. Time-dependent diagnoses of parental mental illness (psychosis, alcohol/drug misuse, depression, anxiety, eating disorders, personality disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder) and offspring autoimmune diseases (type 1 diabetes (T1D), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), coeliac disease) were identified from inpatient/outpatient healthcare visits. Associations were measured by hazard ratios (HRs) adjusted for potential confounders. Overall, parental mental illness was associated with a small increase in risk of offspring's autoimmune diseases (HR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02-1.08). However, parental common mental disorder (anxiety/depression) was associated with higher risk of JIA, psoriasis, and T1D (HR T1D 1.11, 95% CI 1.01-1.22), while maternal psychosis with reduced risk of coeliac disease (HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.49-0.95) and paternal alcohol/drug misuse with reduced risk of IBD (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.64-0.99). Maternal eating disorders were associated with a markedly increased risk for T1D (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.05-1.89). Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and to understand underlying mechanisms. There is a need for greater clinical awareness about potential risk of JIA, psoriasis, and T1D among children of parents with common psychiatric morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Nevriana
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden; Unit of Occupational Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Matthias Pierce
- Centre for Women's Mental Health, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn M Abel
- Centre for Women's Mental Health, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M25 3BL, United Kingdom
| | - Marios Rossides
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden; Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanne Wicks
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm Region, 104 31, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina Dalman
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm Region, 104 31, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kyriaki Kosidou
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm Region, 104 31, Stockholm, Sweden
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Ayano G, Lin A, Dachew BA, Tait R, Betts K, Alati R. The impact of parental mental health problems on the educational outcomes of their offspring: Findings from the Raine Study. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2022; 56:510-524. [PMID: 34227415 DOI: 10.1177/00048674211025633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is limited evidence on the impact of parental mental health problems on offspring's educational outcomes. We investigated the impact of maternal anxiety and depressive symptoms, as well as paternal emotional problems on the educational outcomes of their adolescent and young adult offspring. METHODS We used data from a longitudinal birth cohort recruited between 1989 and 1991 in Australia (the Raine Study). The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale was used to assess maternal depressive and anxiety symptoms, and a self-reported question was used to measure paternal mental health problems. Both were assessed when the offspring was aged 10 years. Outcomes included offspring's self-reported education attainment-not completing year 10 at age 17, not attending tertiary education at ages 17 and 22 and primary caregiver's reports of offspring's academic performance at age 17. RESULTS A total of 1033, 1307 and 1364 parent-offspring pairs were included in the final analysis exploring the association between parental mental health problems and offspring's academic performance at school, completing year 10 and attending tertiary education, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, the offspring of mothers with anxiety symptoms were 3.42 times more likely than the offspring of mothers without anxiety symptoms to have poor or below-average academic performance (odds ratio = 3.42; 95% confidence interval = [1.31, 8.92]) and more than 2 times more likely to not attend tertiary education (odds ratio = 2.55; 95% confidence interval = [1.10, 5.5.88]) and not to have completed year 10 (odds ratio = 2.13; 95% confidence interval = [1.04, 4.33]). We found no significant associations between maternal depressive symptoms or paternal emotional problems and offspring educational attainment. CONCLUSION Maternal anxiety symptoms, but not depression and paternal emotional problems, are associated with poor educational attainment and achievement in adolescent offspring. The findings highlight that efforts to improve the outcomes of offspring of mothers with anxiety could focus on educational attainment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getinet Ayano
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Lin
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Berihun Assefa Dachew
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Robert Tait
- National Drug Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Kim Betts
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Rosa Alati
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Institute of Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Exposure of Child Maltreatment Leads to a Risk of Mental Illness and Poor Prognosis in Taiwan: A Nationwide Cohort Study from 2000 to 2015. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084803. [PMID: 35457668 PMCID: PMC9030582 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate whether children with maltreatment exposure were associated with the risk of psychiatric disorders, suicide, and death. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted, with 1592 child maltreatment cases and 6368 comparison cohort (1:4) matched for gender, age, and index year, from the Longitudinal Generation Tracking Database (LGTD2000) sampled from Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) in 2000, backtracking between 2000−2015 in Taiwan. The stratified Cox regression model was used to compare the risk of developing a mental illness and poor prognosis during the 15 years of follow-up. Results: There were 473 in the cohort with child maltreatment (675.10 cases per 100,000 person years) and 1289 in the comparison cohort (453.82 cases per 100,000 person years) that developed mental illness and poor prognosis. The stratified Cox regression model revealed that the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) was 1.91 to 11.76 (p < 0.05) after adjusting for monthly income level, occupation, and CCI after violence. Conclusion: Exposure to child maltreatment is associated with the risk of psychiatric disorders, but not suicide or death. This finding could be a reminder for clinicians about the mental health problems in patients with child maltreatment.
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Naous E, Boulos M, Sleilaty G, Achkar AA, Gannagé-Yared MH. Quality of life and other patient-reported outcomes in adult Lebanese patients with type 2 diabetes during COVID-19 pandemic. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:763-772. [PMID: 34780052 PMCID: PMC8591152 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01701-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several studies have shown that COVID-19 pandemic has a negative impact on type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) patients' quality of life (QoL). However, very few studies were performed in Middle Eastern countries. AIM The aim of the current study was to assess, the QoL and diabetes-specific QoL, treatment satisfaction and psychological distress of Lebanese patients with T2DMs using: the Audit of Diabetes-Dependent Quality of Life (ADDQoL), Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire status version (DTSQs) and Kessler 10 (K10) questionnaires and to compare results to those obtained during the pre-COVID-19 period. RESULTS 461 patients with T2DM participated in the study; 52.6% men, 47.4% women; median age 59 years old. The respective median ADDQoL and DTSQs scores were - 2.2 (interval interquartile range (IQR) - 3.9, - 0.8) (range from - 9 maximum negative impact to + 3 maximum positive impact) and 30(IQR22-36) (range from 0 maximum dissatisfaction to 36 maximum satisfaction). K10 median score was 26(IQR18-35) (range from minimum score of 10 indicating no distress to maximum score of 50 indicating severe distress). Rural dwelling, lack of exercise, current smoking, diabetic complications, injectable diabetes treatment, and previous COVID-19 infection were all associated with significantly worse ADDQoL, DTSQs, and K10 score indicating greater distress. A significant worsening of ADDQoL scores followed onset of the pandemic with no significant change in DTSQs scores. CONCLUSION During the COVID-19 pandemic, T2DM Lebanese patients experienced more negative impact of diabetes on QoL and mental health. Those infected with COVID-19 also reported worse QoL, treatment satisfaction and mental health. This highlights the need for community and individual support.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Naous
- Department of Endocrinology, Saint-Joseph University, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - M Boulos
- Department of Endocrinology, Saint-Joseph University, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - G Sleilaty
- Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - A A Achkar
- Department of Endocrinology, Saint-Joseph University, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - M-H Gannagé-Yared
- Department of Endocrinology, Saint-Joseph University, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
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Pivac N, Nedic Erjavec G, Sagud M, Nikolac Perkovic M, Tudor L, Uzun S, Kovacic Petrovic Z, Konjevod M, Dvojkovic A, Kozumplik O, Svob Strac D, Peraica T, Mimica N, Zivkovic M, Hirasawa-Fujita M, Domino EF. The association between BDNF C270T genetic variants and smoking in patients with mental disorders and in healthy controls. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 113:110452. [PMID: 34637871 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Studies investigating the association between smoking and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism have reported inconclusive results, while the studies on the association of smoking status with BDNF C270T polymorphism are missing. We aimed to determine the association of smoking and BDNF Val66Met and C270T genetic variants in control subjects and patients with mental disorders. This study included 3502 Caucasian subjects: 918 healthy controls and 2584 patients with mental disorders (519 individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 419 patients with depression, 996 patients with schizophrenia, and 650 patients with alcohol dependence). The frequency of the BDNF Val66Met and C270T variants were presented in codominant, dominant and recessive models. BDNF C270T, but not BDNF Val66Met polymorphism, was significantly associated with smoking in all groups, since the presence of the C270T T allele was more frequently found in smokers compared to non-smokers. Significant predictors of smoking were sex, age and BDNF C270T genetic variants. However, after detailed analysis of the separate diagnostic entities, the significant association of BDNF C270T polymorphism was confirmed only in healthy subjects, but not in patients with mental disorders; and was not related to number of cigarettes smoked per day. In patients with alcohol dependence, the severity of smoking was significantly associated with BDNF Val66Met variants. This is a first report of the significant association between the BDNF C270T polymorphism and smoking status in the large groups of Caucasian cases/controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nela Pivac
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | - Marina Sagud
- University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; The University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Suzana Uzun
- University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapce, Zagreb, Croatia; School of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Zrnka Kovacic Petrovic
- The University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapce, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Oliver Kozumplik
- University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapce, Zagreb, Croatia; School of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | | | | | - Ninoslav Mimica
- The University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapce, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Edward F Domino
- University of Michigan, Department of Pharmacology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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El-Sherbiny NA, Elsary AY. Smoking and nicotine dependence in relation to depression, anxiety, and stress in Egyptian adults: A cross-sectional study. J Family Community Med 2022; 29:8-16. [PMID: 35197723 PMCID: PMC8802724 DOI: 10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_290_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Much research has found that smoking is one of the major risk factors for a variety of physical diseases and mental disorders; however, few studies have been conducted on smoking in Egypt. Furthermore, to the researcher's best knowledge, no study in Egypt has compiled data on smoking prevalence, motives, and levels of nicotine dependency. In order to fill in this gap, the current study has attempted to summarize the situation and construct an accurate picture of smoking in Egypt. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study included 2000 Egyptian adults in Fayoum through a multistage cluster sampling technique. For data collection, the Socioeconomic Status Scale was deployed. In addition, Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS), the Modified Reasons for Smoking Scale (MRSS), and Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) were used. Data analysis performed using SPSS version 22.0. For qualitative data, Chi-square test was used to determine statistical significance. Bivariate Pearson correlation was used to test for the association between quantitative variables. RESULTS Of the total sample of 2000 adults, 40.4% had anxiety and 24.3% had stress, and 19.5% showed severe to extremely severe level of depression. For MRSS, tension reduction or relaxation was found in 46.5% adults while 9.8% had high level of nicotine dependence. There was a statistically significant association between psychometric disorders, on one hand, and both smoking motivation and nicotine dependence, on the other (P < 0.001). The DASS score had a statistically significant correlation with age, smoking duration, nicotine dependence level, and MRSS subscales. CONCLUSION Smoking is linked to psychological symptoms and shows a moderate to high level of nicotine dependence, with a higher level of dependency, smoking pleasure, stress reduction/ relaxation, and hand-mouth movement as motives for smoking. Furthermore, there was a correlation between nicotine dependence, on one hand, and depression and stress on the other.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asmaa Y. Elsary
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt,Address for correspondence: Prof. Asmaa Y. Elsary, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt. E-mail:
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Barriers to Cigarette Smoking Cessation in Pakistan: Evidence from Qualitative Analysis. J Smok Cessat 2021; 2021:9592693. [PMID: 34853617 PMCID: PMC8592749 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9592693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With over 25 million tobacco users, Pakistan has one of the largest smoking populations in the world. Tobacco addiction comes with grave health consequences, especially for the poor and marginalized. Objective This study explores barriers to smoking cessation in marginalized communities of Islamabad and the possibility of their use of Harm Reduction Products (HRPs), primarily e-cigarettes. Methodology. The study has used primary data of 48 respondents from marginalized communities. Several domains have been employed to evaluate the barriers to smoking cessation in these communities. Using qualitative technique, data was organized and categorized into objective themes. Conclusion The experience of combustible smoking usually occurs in the 10-20 years' age bracket. Regular smokers in marginalized areas of Islamabad smoke 20 cigarettes or a pack per day. Their choice of cigarette brand is largely driven by affordability. Most smokers have made at least one attempt to quit smoking. Peer pressure and friendship are major barriers to smoking cessation. Lack of knowledge seems to be the major reason for not seeking medical assistance for quitting smoking. Knowledge about HRPs, especially e-cigarettes, can best be described as vague. Higher prices of the alternatives to combustible smoking are a major hurdle preventing their use for smoking cessation.
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Ayano G, Betts K, Dachew BA, Alati R. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and poor academic performance in adolescent offspring: A registry data-based cohort study. Addict Behav 2021; 123:107072. [PMID: 34364108 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested associations between maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) and a range of adverse outcomes in offspring. However, evidence reporting adverse effects on poor academic performance in adolescence is scant. METHODS This register-based cohort study used linked data obtained from New South Wales (NSW) educational and health registries in Australia. MSDP was assessed using self-reports of smoking during pregnancy. Offspring's educational performance was assessed using the National Assessment Program for Literacy and numeracy (NAPLAN), when students were in grade 9 and approximately aged 14 years. We used multivariable logistic regression models to explore associations. RESULTS Adolescent offspring exposed to MSDP were at an increased risk of substandard academic performance in all domains, with the highest odds for spelling [OR, 3.12 (95%CI 2.98-3.26)] followed by writing [OR, 2.97 (95%CI 2.84-3.11)], reading [OR, 2.49 (95%CI 2.37-2.62)], and numeracy [OR, 2.43 (95%CI 2.30-2.58)]. In our sex-stratified analysis, MSDP displayed stronger effects on the academic performance of female offspring in all domains. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that MSDP was associated with an increased risk of reduced academic performance in adolescent offspring. The different effects of MSDP on the academic performance of male and female offspring is a new finding, which needs further investigation.
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Abstract
Nicotine is one of the most abused substances worldwide. Just as in adolescence and adulthood, tobacco use is also problematic in the elderly. Older people are more vulnerable to smoking consequences because of the additive effects of smoke. Cardiovascular diseases are the most common health problems associated with smoking; however, other systems are also affected, including the respiratory, nervous, integumentary, and many other systems. Smoking cessation is a difficult task especially in the elderly; therefore, physicians should encourage older patients to quit with every patient-physician encounter by offering counseling and replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazem K Bassil
- Geriatric Medicine, Palliative Care, Balamand University, Saint George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Marie Lena K Ohanian
- Family Medicine, Balamand University, Saint George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Theodora G Bou Saba
- Family Medicine, Balamand University, Saint George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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Investigation of the Relationship between Premenstrual Syndrome, and Childhood Trauma and Mental State in Adolescents with Premenstrual Syndrome. J Pediatr Nurs 2021; 61:e65-e71. [PMID: 33931259 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2021.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was aimed at investigating the relationship between premenstrual syndrome (PMS), and childhood trauma and mental state in adolescents with PMS. DESIGN AND METHODS This descriptive study was conducted with 702 students between September 2020 and November 2020. An Information Form, the PMS Scale, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and Symptom Checklist (SCL)-90 were used as the data collection tools. RESULTS The mean scores the participants with PMS obtained from the Symptom Checklist (SCL)-90 and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) were higher than were those obtained by the participants without PMS. The Pearson correlation analysis revealed a positive and weak statistically significant relationship between the PMS Scale, and SCL-90 and CTQ. CONCLUSIONS The results of the study demonstrated that adolescents with PMS suffered from childhood traumas and mental problems more.
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Herath P, Wimalasekera S, Amarasekara T, Fernando M, Turale S. Adverse effects of cigarette smoking on exhaled breath carbon monoxide, blood carboxyhemoglobin, and hematological parameters amongst Sri Lankan adult tobacco smokers: A descriptive study. POPULATION MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.18332/popmed/143076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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24
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Temesgen E, Belete Y, Haile K, Ali S. Prevalence of active tuberculosis and associated factors among people with chronic psychotic disorders at St. Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital and Gergesenon Mental Rehabilitation center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:1100. [PMID: 34702208 PMCID: PMC8547023 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06807-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne chronic infectious disease mainly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex bacteria. Currently, about 1.7 billion (26%) of the world’s population are considered to be infected with M. tuberculosis. The risk of acquiring tuberculosis is higher on some segments of societies including people with severe mental illness. As a result, World health organization (WHO) strongly recommends screening for tuberculosis in such risk groups and setting. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence of active tuberculosis and associated factors among patients with chronic psychotic disorders admitted at St. Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital and Gergesenon Mental rehabilitation center from February to June, 2020. All admitted patients were screened for any sign of TB as recommended by WHO. Presumptive TB cases were identified. Sputum samples were collected and tested by Xpert MTB/RIF assay. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0 statistical software and Chi square analysis was used to test the statistical association. Results From a total 3600 pschotic patients screened for TB, 250 (6.94%) presumptive tuberculosis cases were detected. From these, 27 (10.8%) were positive by Xpert MTB/RIF assay. Most of the patients were males (68.4%). The mean ± SD age of the participant was 36.5 ± 9.7 years. The overall prevalence of tuberculosis was found to be 750 per 100,000 population. The number of patients per room (p = 0.039) was associated with Xpert MTB/RIF positive active tuberculosis. Conclusion The prevalence of active tuberculosis among chronic psychotic patients was high. Number of admitted patients per room was identified as risk factors for Xpert MTB/RIF positive active tuberculosis. Therefore, to control TB transmission in chronic mental health treatment facilities, efforts should be directed to periodic screening for early case detection and improving the number of patients per room.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshetu Temesgen
- Department of Microbiology, St. Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yerega Belete
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Kibrom Haile
- Department of Microbiology, St. Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Ali
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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25
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Jansen AG, Jansen PR, Savage JE, Kraft J, Skarabis N, Polderman TJC, Dieleman GC. The predictive capacity of psychiatric and psychological polygenic risk scores for distinguishing cases in a child and adolescent psychiatric sample from controls. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2021; 62:1079-1089. [PMID: 33825194 PMCID: PMC8453516 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychiatric traits are heritable, highly comorbid and genetically correlated, suggesting that genetic effects that are shared across disorders are at play. The aim of the present study is to quantify the predictive capacity of common genetic variation of a variety of traits, as captured by their PRS, to predict case-control status in a child and adolescent psychiatric sample including controls to reveal which traits contribute to the shared genetic risk across disorders. METHOD Polygenic risk scores (PRS) of 14 traits were used as predictor phenotypes to predict case-control status in a clinical sample. Clinical cases (N = 1,402), age 1-21, diagnostic categories: Autism spectrum disorders (N = 492), Attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorders (N = 471), Anxiety (N = 293), disruptive behaviors (N = 101), eating disorders (N = 97), OCD (N = 43), Tic disorder (N = 50), Disorder of infancy, childhood or adolescence NOS (N = 65), depression (N = 64), motor, learning and communication disorders (N = 59), Anorexia Nervosa (N = 48), somatoform disorders (N = 47), Trauma/stress (N = 39) and controls (N = 1,448, age 17-84) of European ancestry. First, these 14 PRS were tested in univariate regression analyses. The traits that significantly predicted case-control status were included in a multivariable regression model to investigate the gain in explained variance when leveraging the genetic effects of multiple traits simultaneously. RESULTS In the univariate analyses, we observed significant associations between clinical status and the PRS of educational attainment (EA), smoking initiation (SI), intelligence, neuroticism, alcohol dependence, ADHD, major depression and anti-social behavior. EA (p-value: 3.53E-20, explained variance: 3.99%, OR: 0.66), and SI (p-value: 4.77E-10, explained variance: 1.91%, OR: 1.33) were the most predictive traits. In the multivariable analysis with these eight significant traits, EA and SI, remained significant predictors. The explained variance of the PRS in the model with these eight traits combined was 5.9%. CONCLUSION Our study provides more insights into the genetic signal that is shared between childhood and adolescent psychiatric disorders. As such, our findings might guide future studies on psychiatric comorbidity and offer insights into shared etiology between psychiatric disorders. The increase in explained variance when leveraging the genetic signal of different predictor traits supports a multivariable approach to optimize precision accuracy for general psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arija G. Jansen
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive ResearchVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/PsychologyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Philip R. Jansen
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive ResearchVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/PsychologyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Clinical GeneticsAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jeanne E. Savage
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive ResearchVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Julia Kraft
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyCharité, Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
- Berlin School of Mind and BrainHumboldt University of BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Nora Skarabis
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyCharité, Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Tinca J. C. Polderman
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive ResearchVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public HealthAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Gwen C. Dieleman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/PsychologyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
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26
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Smoking and Neuropsychiatric Disease-Associations and Underlying Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147272. [PMID: 34298890 PMCID: PMC8304236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive efforts to combat cigarette smoking/tobacco use, it still remains a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, killing more than eight million people each year. While tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases related to the four main groups—cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic lung disease, and diabetes—its impact on neuropsychiatric risk is rather elusive. The aim of this review article is to emphasize the importance of smoking as a potential risk factor for neuropsychiatric disease and to identify central pathophysiological mechanisms that may contribute to this relationship. There is strong evidence from epidemiological and experimental studies indicating that smoking may increase the risk of various neuropsychiatric diseases, such as dementia/cognitive decline, schizophrenia/psychosis, depression, anxiety disorder, and suicidal behavior induced by structural and functional alterations of the central nervous system, mainly centered on inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways. From a public health perspective, preventive measures and policies designed to counteract the global epidemic of smoking should necessarily include warnings and actions that address the risk of neuropsychiatric disease.
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27
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Tindimwebwa LK, Ajayi AI, Adeniyi OV. Prevalence and determinants of tobacco use amongst South African adults with mental illness in the Eastern Cape. S Afr J Psychiatr 2021; 27:1637. [PMID: 34230866 PMCID: PMC8252167 DOI: 10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v27i0.1637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Given the physical and mental health consequences of tobacco use amongst individuals with mental illness, it was imperative to assess the burden of tobacco use in this population. Aim This study examined the patterns and factors associated with tobacco use in individuals attending the outpatient unit. Setting Cecilia Makiwane Hospital Mental Health Department in Eastern Cape province, South Africa. Methods Lifetime (ever use) use and current use of any tobacco products were examined in a cross-sectional study of 390 individuals between March and June 2020. A logistic regression was fitted to determine the correlates of lifetime and current use of any tobacco products. Results The rates of ever use and current use of tobacco products were 59.4% and 44.6%, respectively. Of the participants interviewed, lifetime tobacco use was more prevalent amongst individuals with schizophrenia (67.9%) and cannabis-induced disorders (97.3%) and lower in those with major depressive disorders (36.1%) and bipolar and related disorders (43.5%). Men were six times more likely to have ever used or currently use tobacco products in comparison to women. Also, those who had a salaried job or owned a business were over three times more likely to have ever used or currently use tobacco products compared with those receiving government social grants. Conclusions The prevalence of tobacco use in this study was significantly higher than the general population in the Eastern Cape. Therefore, smoking prevention and cessation interventions targeted at the general population should target this often neglected sub-population in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda K Tindimwebwa
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, East London, South Africa.,Cecilia Makiwane Hospital, East London, South Africa
| | - Anthony I Ajayi
- Population Dynamics and Sexual and Reproductive Health Research, African Population and Health Research Centre, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Oladele V Adeniyi
- Cecilia Makiwane Hospital, East London, South Africa.,Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, East London, South Africa
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Maestre-Miquel C, López-de-Andrés A, Ji Z, de Miguel-Diez J, Brocate A, Sanz-Rojo S, López-Farre A, Carabantes-Alarcon D, Jiménez-García R, Zamorano-León JJ. Gender Differences in the Prevalence of Mental Health, Psychological Distress and Psychotropic Medication Consumption in Spain: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126350. [PMID: 34208274 PMCID: PMC8296165 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess gender differences in the prevalence of self-reported mental disorders, psychological distress and psychotropic drug consumption, and to identify sociodemographic and health-related variables associated with these conditions in the male and female population (aged ≥ 18 years). METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried on 22,141 subjects aged 18 and over, using data from the Spanish National Health Interview Survey 2017. RESULTS We found an overall prevalence of mental disorders, psychological distress and psychotropic drug consumption of 13.8%, 18.3% and 13.9%, respectively. After multivariable adjustment, women showed significantly increased probabilities of 1.74-fold for mental disorders, 1.26-fold for psychological distress and 1.26-fold for psychotropic drug consumption compared to men. Variables such as gender, age, nationality, marital status, educational level, self-rated health, the presence of different chronic disorders, alcohol consumption and smoking habit were independently associated with mental disorders, psychological distress and psychotropic drug consumption. Several variables showed a differential effect on mental health status and psychotropic drug consumption according to gender. CONCLUSIONS Women suffer from mental disorders, experience psychological distress and consume psychotropic drugs significantly more than men in Spain. Possible explanations for these results may be related to differences in emotional processing, willingness to report diseases and even intrinsic biological traits. Screening for mental health status and psychotropic drug consumption should be considered, particularly in Spanish women, younger adults and individuals who are not married, are obese, have poor self-rated health, suffer from chronic diseases or have a smoking habit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Maestre-Miquel
- School of Health Sciences, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Spain;
| | - Ana López-de-Andrés
- Department of Public Health & Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.S.-R.); (D.C.-A.); (R.J.-G.); (J.J.Z.-L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Zichen Ji
- Respiratory Care Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Z.J.); (J.d.M.-D.)
| | - Javier de Miguel-Diez
- Respiratory Care Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Z.J.); (J.d.M.-D.)
| | - Arturo Brocate
- Sport Science School, Universidad Castilla de la Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain;
| | - Sara Sanz-Rojo
- Department of Public Health & Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.S.-R.); (D.C.-A.); (R.J.-G.); (J.J.Z.-L.)
| | - Antonio López-Farre
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - David Carabantes-Alarcon
- Department of Public Health & Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.S.-R.); (D.C.-A.); (R.J.-G.); (J.J.Z.-L.)
| | - Rodrigo Jiménez-García
- Department of Public Health & Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.S.-R.); (D.C.-A.); (R.J.-G.); (J.J.Z.-L.)
| | - José J. Zamorano-León
- Department of Public Health & Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.S.-R.); (D.C.-A.); (R.J.-G.); (J.J.Z.-L.)
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29
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Proposal for the Inclusion of Tobacco Use in Suicide Risk Scales: Results of a Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18116103. [PMID: 34198855 PMCID: PMC8201119 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18116103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is an association between smoking and suicide, even though the direction and nature of this relationship remains controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between smoking and suicidal behaviours (ideation, planning, suicide attempts, and death by suicide). On 24 August 2020, we searched the PubMed, Cochrane library, Scopus, Web of Science, TRIP, and SCIENCE DIRECT databases for relevant articles on this topic. Twenty prospective cohort studies involving 2,457,864 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with never smokers, former and current smokers had an increased risk of death by suicide (relative risk [RR] = 1.31; 95% CI [1.13, 1.52] and RR = 2.41; 95% CI [2.08, 2.80], respectively), ideation (RR = 1.35; 95% CI [1.31, 1.39] and RR = 1.84; 95% CI [1.21, 2.78]), and attempted suicide (RR = 1.27; 95% CI [0.56, 2.87] and RR = 1.71; 95% CI [0.73, 3.97]). Moreover, compared to never smokers, current smoker women (RR = 2.51; 95% CI [2.06-3.04] had an increased risk of taking their own life (Q = 13,591.53; p < 0.001) than current smoker men (RR = 2.06; 95% CI [1.62-2.62]. Furthermore, smoking exposure (former and current smokers) was associated with a 1.74-fold increased risk (95% CI [1.54, 1.96]) of suicidal behaviour (death by suicide, ideation, planning, or attempts). Thus, because of the prospective relationship between smoking and suicidal behaviours, smoking should be included in suicide risk scales as a useful and easy item to evaluate suicide risk.
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30
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Gerhardt S, Luderer M, Bumb JM, Sobanski E, Moggi F, Kiefer F, Vollstädt-Klein S. Stop What You're Doing!-An fMRI Study on Comparisons of Neural Subprocesses of Response Inhibition in ADHD and Alcohol Use Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:691930. [PMID: 34603097 PMCID: PMC8481878 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.691930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Both attention deficit-/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) are accompanied by deficits in response inhibition. Furthermore, the prevalence of comorbidity of ADHD and AUD is high. However, there is a lack of research on whether the same neuronal subprocesses of inhibition (i.e., interference inhibition, action withholding and action cancellation) exhibit deficits in both psychiatric disorders. Methods: We examined these three neural subprocesses of response inhibition in patient groups and healthy controls: non-medicated individuals with ADHD (ADHD; N = 16), recently detoxified and abstinent individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD; N = 15), and healthy controls (HC; N = 15). A hybrid response inhibition task covering interference inhibition, action withholding, and action cancellation was applied using a 3T functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Results: Individuals with ADHD showed an overall stronger hypoactivation in attention related brain areas compared to AUD or HC during action withholding. Further, this hypoactivation was more accentuated during action cancellation. Individuals with AUD recruited a broader network, including the striatum, compared to HC during action withholding. During action cancellation, however, they showed hypoactivation in motor regions. Additionally, specific neural activation profiles regarding group and subprocess became apparent. Conclusions: Even though deficits in response inhibition are related to both ADHD and AUD, neural activation and recruited networks during response inhibition differ regarding both neuronal subprocesses and examined groups. While a replication of this study is needed in a larger sample, the results suggest that tasks have to be carefully selected when examining neural activation patterns of response inhibition either in research on various psychiatric disorders or transdiagnostic questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gerhardt
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mathias Luderer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jan M Bumb
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Esther Sobanski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Franz Moggi
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Vollstädt-Klein
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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31
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Khobragade B, Sharma V, Deshpande SN. Cognitive function in women with major mental illnesses who use tobacco. Psychiatry Res 2021; 295:113603. [PMID: 33278742 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive effects of tobacco use among women with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or depression have not been studied extensively as most studies focussed on men smokers. As part of a study on prevalence and cognitive effects of tobacco use, women with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression were assessed for cognitive functioning using an information questionnaire derived from the Indian Post Graduate Institute Battery of Brain Dysfunction (PGIBBD) and the Trail Making Tests (TMT) A and B. The community dwelling women were clinically diagnosed and recruited from the outpatient department of a free tertiary care teaching hospital in India. The sample consisted of 321 women, 141 with schizophrenia (SZ), 80 with Bipolar Disorder (BD) and 100 with Recurrent Depressive Disorder (RDD). Tobacco users answered statistically significantly fewer questions on the PGIBBD Information Questionnaire. Users also took significantly more time to complete both TMT-A and TMT-B. Age, years of schooling and tobacco use were all significant co-variates for performance on cognitive tests. Tobacco users had lower motor speed and lesser visual scanning, poorer flexibility of thinking and working memory. Women with schizophrenia performed the worst. Tobacco use may exacerbate the cognitive dysfunction associated with major mental illnesses among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupendra Khobragade
- Dept. of Psychiatry, De-addiction Services & Resource Center for Tobacco Control, Centre of Excellence in Mental Health, ABVIMS - Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Road, New Delhi, India 110001.
| | - Vikas Sharma
- Dept. of Psychiatry, De-addiction Services & Resource Center for Tobacco Control, Centre of Excellence in Mental Health, ABVIMS - Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Road, New Delhi, India 110001.
| | - Smita N Deshpande
- Dept. of Psychiatry, De-addiction Services & Resource Center for Tobacco Control, Centre of Excellence in Mental Health, ABVIMS - Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Road, New Delhi, India 110001.
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32
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Wei S, Wang D, Wei G, Wang J, Zhou H, Xu H, Xia L, Tian Y, Dai Q, Zhu R, Wang W, Chen D, Xiu M, Wang L, Zhang XY. Association of cigarette smoking with cognitive impairment in male patients with chronic schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:3409-3416. [PMID: 32757027 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05621-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that patients with schizophrenia have higher smoking rates and worse cognitive function than healthy controls. However, there is no consistent conclusion about the relationship between smoking and cognitive impairment. OBJECTIVES The main purpose of this study was to explore the effects of smoking on cognitive function by using MATRICS Cognitive Consensus Battery (MCCB) in Chinese male patients with schizophrenia. METHODS There were 164 patients with chronic schizophrenia and 82 healthy controls. All subjects were interviewed about smoking status. The cognitive function was assessed by MCCB and Stroop tests. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to assess the clinical symptoms of the patients. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, patients had lower MCCB scores in all of its domain scores (all p < 0.05). In the patients, the scores of spatial span test (42.3 ± 11.6), digital sequence test (42.9 ± 10.6), and Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (42.2 ± 10.1) were lower in smokers than those in nonsmokers (all p < 0.05, effect size: 0.28-0.45). Logistic regression analysis showed that the smoking status of the patients was correlated with digital sequence score (p < 0.05, OR = 1.072, 95%CI: 1.013-1.134). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the spatial span total score (β = - 0.26, t = - 2.74, p < 0.001) was associated with the duration of smoking in patients with schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that smoking patients with chronic schizophrenia exhibit more severe cognitive impairment than nonsmoking patients, especially in working memory and executive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuochi Wei
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Gaoxia Wei
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jiesi Wang
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Huixia Zhou
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hang Xu
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Luyao Xia
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yang Tian
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qilong Dai
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Rongrong Zhu
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wenjia Wang
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Dachun Chen
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Meihong Xiu
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiang Yang Zhang
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China. .,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
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33
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Khobragade B, Sharma V, Deshpande SN. A study on tobacco use in women with major mental illnesses- schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and recurrent depression. Psychiatry Res 2020; 290:113121. [PMID: 32505927 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
About 14.2% of women in the general Indian population and 4.8% in Delhi use tobacco but its use among women with Major Mental Illness (MMI) in developing countries has not been adequately studied. We assessed tobacco use in women with MMI in a tertiary care psychiatry outpatient department through a cross-sectional, observational study, with sample size of at least n= 77 each for schizophrenia-SZ, bipolar disorder-BD and Recurrent Depressive Disorder-RDD. Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) both for smoke and smokeless tobacco were applied along with a subset of questions from Global Adult Tobacco Survey 2016. After diagnosis and referral by the treating psychiatrist and written informed consent, in our total sample of 321 women participants, lifetime use of tobacco was reported by 14.64%. Of all those who had ever used tobacco, 12.14% used it currently as well. As for diagnosis, those with BD (16.25%) used tobacco most frequently followed by SZ (14.18%) and RDD (6%). The FTND score was higher for schizophrenia indicating greater dependence. Tobacco use among women with MMI was thrice as common as women in general population of Delhi State, with smoke and smokeless tobacco use being equally prevalent, a grave cause for concern and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupendra Khobragade
- Dept. of Psychiatry, De-addiction Services & Resource Center for Tobacco Control, Centre of Excellence in Mental Health, ABVIMS Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Road, New Delhi, India 110001
| | - Vikas Sharma
- Dept. of Psychiatry, De-addiction Services & Resource Center for Tobacco Control, Centre of Excellence in Mental Health, ABVIMS Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Road, New Delhi, India 110001
| | - Smita N Deshpande
- Dept. of Psychiatry, De-addiction Services & Resource Center for Tobacco Control, Centre of Excellence in Mental Health, ABVIMS Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Road, New Delhi, India 110001.
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34
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Farrag NS, El-Gilany AH, Abdelsalam SA. Prevalence and predictors of psychological distress among primary healthcare service users in Mansoura district, Egypt. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2019; 27:1451-1457. [PMID: 31368623 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The current study is a health facility-based cross-sectional study that aims to measure the prevalence of psychological distress and to determine its associated factors among primary healthcare (PHC) service users in Mansoura district, Egypt. The study included service users aged ≥18 years. A predesigned structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from participants during the period from January 2018 to November 2018. The questionnaire included four sections; sociodemographic characteristics, recent history of stressful life events, history of relevant health conditions and a validated Arabic version of General Health Questionnaire, that was used to screen for psychological distress. The total calculated sample size was 573. Data was analysed using SPSS V. 16. Results indicated that the prevalence of psychological distress among PHC service users was 72.2% (95% CI: 68.6%-75.9%). Being a female, non-working, or married increased the risk of high psychological distress [OR (95%CI): 1.6 (1.2-2.4), 1.8(1.2-2.8) and 1.7 (1.1-2.8) respectively], but these factors were insignificant in multiple regression. Exposure to domestic violence (DV) and being current smokers were the only independent significant predictors of psychological distress [adjusted OR (95%CI): 3.8 (1.7-8.1) and 0.7 (0.4-0.9) respectively]. Findings indicate that psychological distress is common among PHC service users. Exposure to DV significantly predicts psychological distress, while smoking is associated with lower stress. Screening of PHC service users for mental health problems should be integrated within the PHC system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine S Farrag
- Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Hady El-Gilany
- Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sherehan A Abdelsalam
- Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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35
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Okoli CTC, El-Mallakh P, Seng S. Which Types of Tobacco Treatment Interventions Work for People with Schizophrenia? Provider and Mental Health Consumer Perspectives. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2019; 40:870-879. [PMID: 30388915 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2018.1490833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
People with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders (PWS) consume tobacco at high rates, resulting in disproportionate tobacco-related morbidity and mortality. Conventional tobacco treatment (TT) approaches may not adequately address unique affective, cognitive, and social challenges of PWS during cessation. This study sought to obtain provider and mental health consumer perspectives on effective, desirable, applicable, and acceptable components of TT for PWS. This convergent mixed-method study used structured interviews and a cross-sectional survey to obtain data. Eighteen mental health consumers and six mental health providers were engaged in face-to-face or telephone interviews. The qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis and theme identification and descriptive statistics were used for the analysis of quantitative data. In the qualitative analysis, consumers endorsed education, counseling, social support, and pharmacotherapy as key TT components. Consumers further stressed the need for flexible interventions that are available at any point in a quit attempt. Both providers and consumers endorsed targeting TT interventions to consider learning needs, potential cognitive issues, and motivation for behavioral change. Providers encouraged a recovery-driven TT framework with peer support and health promotion activities. Quantitative findings mirrored the qualitative findings with support sessions, relapse prevention, and skills training having the highest desirability, applicability, and acceptability TT component scores. Providers and consumers agreed on components of an effective TT program targeted to PWS. Given these findings, it is crucial to further investigate successful TT approaches for PWS and to test whether targeted or tailored programs are more effective than conventional approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chizimuzo T C Okoli
- Tobacco Treatment and Prevention Division, Tobacco Policy Research Program, University of Kentucky College of Nursing , Lexington , Kentucky , USA
| | - Peggy El-Mallakh
- Tobacco Treatment and Prevention Division, Tobacco Policy Research Program, University of Kentucky College of Nursing , Lexington , Kentucky , USA
| | - Sarret Seng
- Tobacco Treatment and Prevention Division, Tobacco Policy Research Program, University of Kentucky College of Nursing , Lexington , Kentucky , USA
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Hüfner K, Sperner-Unterweger B, Brugger H. Going to Altitude with a Preexisting Psychiatric Condition. High Alt Med Biol 2019; 20:207-214. [PMID: 31343257 PMCID: PMC6763955 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2019.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders have a high lifetime prevalence affecting about 30% of the global population. Not much is known about high altitude (HA) sojourns in individuals living with a psychiatric condition. This lack of scientific evidence contrasts with the anticipated increase in numbers of individuals with preexisting psychiatric conditions seeking medical advice on HA exposure. Not only are there risks associated with a HA climb, but physical activity in general is known to improve symptoms of many psychiatric disorder and enhance measures of mental well-being like quality of life and resilience. There are additional positive effects of alpine environments on mental health beyond those of physical activity. All individuals going to HA with a preexisting psychiatric condition should be in a state of stable disease with no recent change in medication. Specific considerations and recommendations apply to individual psychiatric disorders. During the HA sojourn the challenge is to separate altitude-related symptoms such as insomnia from prodromal symptoms of the underlying disorder (e.g., depressive episode) or altitude-related hyperventilation from panic attacks. In case an individual with preexisting anxiety disorder decides to go to HA there might be a predisposition toward acute mountain sickness (AMS), but it should always be considered that many symptoms of anxiety and AMS overlap. Any medication that is anticipated to be taken during ascent or at HA should be tested for compatibility with the psychiatric condition and medication before the trip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Hüfner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Clinic for Psychiatry II, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Sperner-Unterweger
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Clinic for Psychiatry II, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hermann Brugger
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, EURAC Research, Bolzano, Italy
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Virtanen M, Ervasti J, Head J, Oksanen T, Salo P, Pentti J, Kouvonen A, Väänänen A, Suominen S, Koskenvuo M, Vahtera J, Elovainio M, Zins M, Goldberg M, Kivimäki M. Lifestyle factors and risk of sickness absence from work: a multicohort study. LANCET PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 3:e545-e554. [PMID: 30409406 PMCID: PMC6220357 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(18)30201-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Lifestyle factors influence the risk of morbidity and mortality, but the extent to which they are associated with employees' absence from work due to illness is unclear. We examined the relative contributions of smoking, alcohol consumption, high body-mass index, and low physical activity to diagnosis-specific sickness absence. Methods We did a multicohort study with individual-level data of participants of four cohorts from the UK, France, and Finland. Participants' responses to a lifestyle survey were linked to records of sickness absence episodes, typically lasting longer than 9 days; for each diagnostic category, the outcome was the total number of sickness absence days per year. We estimated the associations between lifestyle factors and sickness absence by calculating rate ratios for the number of sickness absence days per year and combining cohort-specific estimates with meta-analysis. The criteria for assessing the evidence included the strength of association, consistency across cohorts, robustness to adjustments and multiple testing, and impact assessment by use of population attributable fractions (PAF), with both internal lifestyle factor prevalence estimates and those obtained from European populations (PAFexternal). Findings For 74 296 participants, during 446 478 person-years at risk, the most common diagnoses for sickness absence were musculoskeletal diseases (70·9 days per 10 person-years), depressive disorders (26·5 days per 10 person-years), and external causes (such as injuries and poisonings; 12·8 days per 10 person-years). Being overweight (rate ratio [adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status, and chronic disease at baseline] 1·30, 95% CI 1·21–1·40; PAFexternal 8·9%) and low physical activity (1·23, 1·14–1·34; 7·8%) were associated with absences due to musculoskeletal diseases; heavy episodic drinking (1·90, 1·41–2·56; 15·2%), smoking (1·70, 1·42–2·03; 11·8%), low physical activity (1·67, 1·42–1·96; 19·8%), and obesity (1·38, 1·11–1·71; 5·6%) were associated with absences due to depressive disorders; heavy episodic drinking (1·64, 1·33–2·03; 11·3%), obesity (1·48, 1·27–1·72; 6·6%), smoking (1·35, 1·20–1·53; 6·3%), and being overweight (1·20, 1·08–1·33; 6·2%) were associated with absences due to external causes; obesity (1·82, 1·40–2·36; 11·0%) and smoking (1·60, 1·30–1·98; 10·3%) were associated with absences due to circulatory diseases; low physical activity (1·37, 1·25–1·49; 12·0%) and smoking (1·27, 1·16–1·40; 4·9%) were associated with absences due to respiratory diseases; and obesity (1·67, 1·34–2·07; 9·7%) was associated with absences due to digestive diseases. Interpretation Lifestyle factors are associated with sickness absence due to several diseases, but observational data cannot determine the nature of these associations. Future studies should investigate the cost-effectiveness of lifestyle interventions aimed at reducing sickness absence and the use of information on lifestyle for identifying groups at risk. Funding NordForsk, British Medical Research Council, Academy of Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences, and Economic and Social Research Council.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Virtanen
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki and Turku, Finland.
| | - Jenni Ervasti
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki and Turku, Finland
| | - Jenny Head
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tuula Oksanen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki and Turku, Finland
| | - Paula Salo
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki and Turku, Finland; Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jaana Pentti
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Kouvonen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ari Väänänen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki and Turku, Finland; School of Social Policy, Sociology and Social Research, University of Kent, UK
| | - Sakari Suominen
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Jussi Vahtera
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Marko Elovainio
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marie Zins
- Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit UMS 011, Villejuif, France; Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Marcel Goldberg
- Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit UMS 011, Villejuif, France; Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK; Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Boksa P, Joober R. Who should be "controls" in studies on the neurobiology of psychiatric disorders? J Psychiatry Neurosci 2018; 43. [PMID: 30125246 PMCID: PMC6158024 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.180128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Boksa
- From the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Dept. of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada
| | - Ridha Joober
- From the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Dept. of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada
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