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Verma A, Bhagchandani T, Rai A, Nikita, Sardarni UK, Bhavesh NS, Gulati S, Malik R, Tandon R. Short-Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) as a Connecting Link between Microbiota and Gut-Lung Axis-A Potential Therapeutic Intervention to Improve Lung Health. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:14648-14671. [PMID: 38585101 PMCID: PMC10993281 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The microbiome is an integral part of the human gut, and it plays a crucial role in the development of the immune system and homeostasis. Apart from the gut microbiome, the airway microbial community also forms a distinct and crucial part of the human microbiota. Furthermore, several studies indicate the existence of communication between the gut microbiome and their metabolites with the lung airways, called "gut-lung axis". Perturbations in gut microbiota composition, termed dysbiosis, can have acute and chronic effects on the pathophysiology of lung diseases. Microbes and their metabolites in lung stimulate various innate immune pathways, which modulate the expression of the inflammatory genes in pulmonary leukocytes. For instance, gut microbiota-derived metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids can suppress lung inflammation through the activation of G protein-coupled receptors (free fatty acid receptors) and can also inhibit histone deacetylase, which in turn influences the severity of acute and chronic respiratory diseases. Thus, modulation of the gut microbiome composition through probiotic/prebiotic usage and fecal microbiota transplantation can lead to alterations in lung homeostasis and immunity. The resulting manipulation of immune cells function through microbiota and their key metabolites paves the way for the development of novel therapeutic strategies in improving the lung health of individuals affected with various lung diseases including SARS-CoV-2. This review will shed light upon the mechanistic aspect of immune system programming through gut and lung microbiota and exploration of the relationship between gut-lung microbiome and also highlight the therapeutic potential of gut microbiota-derived metabolites in the management of respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Verma
- Laboratory
of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Tannu Bhagchandani
- Laboratory
of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ankita Rai
- Laboratory
of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Nikita
- Laboratory
of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Urvinder Kaur Sardarni
- Laboratory
of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Neel Sarovar Bhavesh
- Transcription
Regulation Group, International Centre for
Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sameer Gulati
- Department
of Medicine, Lady Hardinge Medical College
(LHMC), New Delhi 110058, India
| | - Rupali Malik
- Department
of Medicine, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College
and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ravi Tandon
- Laboratory
of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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Zahry NR, Ling J, Robbins LB. Mental health and lifestyle behavior changes during COVID-19 among families living in poverty: A descriptive phenomenological study. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2024; 37:e12447. [PMID: 38404002 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
PROBLEM Families living in poverty may be particularly vulnerable to the deleterious effects of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The current study focuses on caregivers of preschoolers aged 3-5 years old who lived in poverty to explore how COVID-19 affected mental health and lifestyle behaviors and what coping strategies were helpful for dealing with challenges induced by COVID-19. METHODS A qualitative study was conducted using individual semi-structured interviews with 17 caregivers. FINDINGS Both caregivers and preschoolers experienced high levels of stress, anxiety, and depression and reported unhealthy eating habits and excessive screen time. Physical activity increased in preschoolers, but declined among caregivers during COVID-19. Caregivers' coping strategies included taking short walks, seeking professional and social support, and praying; avoidant caregiver coping strategies including eating when stressed and increased screen time. CONCLUSIONS Future interventions are warranted to empower caregivers who live in poverty with the skills needed to maintain optimal physical and mental health, as well as assisting them to cope with challenges that may continue post-COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagwan R Zahry
- Department of Communication, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jiying Ling
- Michigan State University College of Nursing, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Lorraine B Robbins
- Michigan State University College of Nursing, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Eladham MW, Selvakumar B, Saheb Sharif-Askari N, Saheb Sharif-Askari F, Ibrahim SM, Halwani R. Unraveling the gut-Lung axis: Exploring complex mechanisms in disease interplay. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24032. [PMID: 38268584 PMCID: PMC10806295 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The link between gut and lung starts as early as during organogenesis. Even though they are anatomically distinct, essential bidirectional crosstalk via complex mechanisms supports GLA. Emerging studies have demonstrated the association of gut and lung diseases via multifaceted mechanisms. Advancements in omics and metagenomics technologies revealed a potential link between gut and lung microbiota, adding further complexity to GLA. Despite substantial studies on GLA in various disease models, mechanisms beyond microbial dysbiosis regulating the interplay between gut and lung tissues during disease conditions are not thoroughly reviewed. This review outlines disease specific GLA mechanisms, emphasizing research gaps with a focus on gut-to-lung direction based on current GLA literature. Moreover, the review discusses potential gut microbiota and their products like metabolites, immune modulators, and non-bacterial contributions as a basis for developing treatment strategies for lung diseases. Advanced experimental methods, modern diagnostic tools, and technological advancements are also highlighted as crucial areas for improvement in developing novel therapeutic approaches for GLA-related diseases. In conclusion, this review underscores the importance of exploring additional mechanisms within the GLA to gain a deeper understanding that could aid in preventing and treating a wide spectrum of lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Wed Eladham
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Balachandar Selvakumar
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Narjes Saheb Sharif-Askari
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatemeh Saheb Sharif-Askari
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Rabih Halwani
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Prince Abdullah Ben Khaled Celiac Disease Research Chair, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
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Emrani AS, Sasanfar B, Nafei Z, Behniafard N, Salehi-Abargouei A. Association between Butter, Margarine, and Olive Oil Intake and Asthma Symptoms among School Children: Result from a Large-Scale Cross-Sectional Study. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:2884630. [PMID: 37886368 PMCID: PMC10599880 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2884630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There are conflicting results about the association between dietary fat intake and asthma symptoms. Since few studies in the Middle East have been explored the relation between dietary fat consumption and risk of asthma, the present study was conducted to investigate the association between the consumption of butter, margarine, and olive oil and asthma risk in school children living in central Iran. Method In this cross-sectional study, out of 10,240 participants, asthma and its symptoms and dietary intake of butter, margarine, and olive oil of 7,667 children and adolescents were assessed using a validated International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire. The relationship between fat subtypes and asthma was assessed using logistic regression. Results The prevalence of asthma confirmed by a doctor in the study population was 4.22%. An inverse association was found between butter and margarine consumption once or twice a week and odds of current asthma and wheezing in the past 12 months (OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.28-0.96; OR = 0.7, 95% CI: 0.55-0.88, respectively); however, those with higher consumption did not have a higher chance for developing wheezing or asthma. Conclusion We found that margarine and butter intake one or two times a week might have an inverse association with asthma and its symptoms among children. Prospective cohort studies are recommended to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Sadat Emrani
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Bahareh Sasanfar
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Nafei
- Children Growth Disorder Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Nasrin Behniafard
- Children Growth Disorder Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Fateh HL, Kareem G, Rezaeian S, Moludi J, Kamari N. The Effect of Vit-D Supplementation on the Side Effect of BioNTech, Pfizer Vaccination and Immunoglobulin G Response Against SARS-CoV-2 in the Individuals Tested Positive for COVID-19: A Randomized Control Trial. Clin Nutr Res 2023; 12:269-282. [PMID: 37969936 PMCID: PMC10641329 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2023.12.4.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D participates in the biological function of the innate and adaptive immune system and inflammation. We aim to specify the effectiveness of the vitamin D supplementation on the side effects BioNTech, Pfizer vaccination, and immunoglobulin G response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in subjects tested positive for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods In this multi-center randomized clinical trial, 498 people tested positive for COVID-19 were divided into 2 groups, receiving vitamin D capsules or a placebo (1 capsule daily, each containing 600 IU of vitamin D) over 14-16 weeks. Anthropometric indices and biochemical parameters were measured before and after the second dose of vaccination. Result Fourteen to 16 weeks after supplementation, the intervention group had an immunoglobulin G (IgG) increase of 10.89 ± 1.2 g/L, while the control group had 8.89 ± 1.3 g/L, and the difference was significant between both groups (p = 0.001). After the second dose of vaccination, the supplement group significantly increased their 25-hydroxy vitamin D from initially 28.73 ± 15.6 ng/mL and increased to 46.48 ± 27.2 ng/mL, and the difference between them was significant. Those with a higher body mass index (BMI) had the most of symptoms, and the difference of side effects according to BMI level was significantly different. In 8 weeks after supplementation obese participants had the lowest IgG levels than overweight or normal subjects. The proportion of all types of side effects on the second dose was significantly diminished compared with the first dose in the intervention group. Conclusion Supplementation of 600 IU of vitamin D3 can reduce post-vaccination side effects and increase IgG levels in participants who received BioNTech, Pfizer vaccine. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05851313.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hawal Lateef Fateh
- Nursing Department, Kalar Technical College, Garmian Polytechnic University, Kalar 46021, Iraq
| | - Goran Kareem
- Medical Laboratory Technology, Kalar Technical College, Garmian Polytechnic University, Kalar 46021, Iraq
| | - Shahab Rezaeian
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
| | - Jalal Moludi
- School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
| | - Negin Kamari
- School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
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Lim JJ, Lim YYE, Ng JY, Malipeddi P, Ng YT, Teo WY, Wong QYA, Matta SA, Sio YY, Wong YR, Teh KF, Rawanan Shah SM, Reginald K, Say YH, Liu MH, Chew FT. Burgers, Fast Foods, and Increased Associated Risk for Atopic Dermatitis: A Cross-Sectional Study of Dietary Habits among Young Chinese Adults in Singapore/Malaysia. Dermatology 2023; 240:77-84. [PMID: 37666213 DOI: 10.1159/000533942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We see increasing evidence that dietary and nutrients factors play a pivotal role in allergic diseases and recent global findings suggest that dietary habits influence the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). Frequent consumption of fast food diets is associated with AD development. Despite the rising prevalence of AD in Asia, efforts in investigating the role of dietary habits and AD in adults are still lacking. METHODS We evaluated the association between the dietary intake of 16 food types and AD manifestations using our Singapore/Malaysia Cross-sectional Genetics Epidemiology Study (SMCGES) population. Dietary habits profiles of 11,494 young Chinese adults (1,550 AD cases/2,978 non-atopic controls/6,386 atopic controls) were assessed by an investigator-administered questionnaire. AD cases were further evaluated for their chronicity (550 chronic) and severity (628 moderate-to-severe). Additionally, we derived a novel food index, Quality of Diet based on Glycaemic Index Score (QDGIS), to examine the association between dietary intake of glycaemic index (GI) and various AD phenotypes. RESULTS The majority of AD subjects are distributed in the good (37.1%) and moderate (36.2%) QDGIS classes. From the multivariable analyses for age and gender, a moderate QDGIS class was significantly associated with a lower odds of AD (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 0.844; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.719-0.991; p < 0.05) and moderate-to-severe AD (AOR: 0.839; 95% CI: 0.714-0.985; p < 0.05). A good QDGIS class was only significantly associated with a lower odds of chronic AD (AOR: 0.769; 95% CI: 0.606-0.976; p < 0.05). Among high GI foods, frequent consumption of burgers/fast food was strongly associated with an increased risk of chronic and moderate-to-severe AD. Among low GI foods, increased intake frequencies of fruits, vegetables, and pulses decreased the odds of AD. Finally, we identified significant associations between frequent seafood, margarine, butter, and pasta consumption with an increased odds of AD despite them having little GI values. CONCLUSION While genetic components are well-established in their risks associated with increased AD prevalence, there is still a lack of a focus epidemiology study associating dietary influence with AD. Based on the first allergic epidemiology study conducted here in Singapore and Malaysia, it laid the groundwork to guide potential dietary interventions from changing personal dietary habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jie Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,
| | - Yi Ying Eliza Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun Yan Ng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Praneeth Malipeddi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Ting Ng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Yi Teo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qi Yi Ambrose Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sri Anusha Matta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yang Yie Sio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Ru Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Keng Foo Teh
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Smyrna Moti Rawanan Shah
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Kavita Reginald
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Yee-How Say
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Kampar, Malaysia
| | - Mei Hui Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fook Tim Chew
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Finnegan D, Tocmo R, Loscher C. Targeted Application of Functional Foods as Immune Fitness Boosters in the Defense against Viral Infection. Nutrients 2023; 15:3371. [PMID: 37571308 PMCID: PMC10421353 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent times, the emergence of viral infections, including the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the monkeypox virus, and, most recently, the Langya virus, has highlighted the devastating effects of viral infection on human life. There has been significant progress in the development of efficacious vaccines for the prevention and control of viruses; however, the high rates of viral mutation and transmission necessitate the need for novel methods of control, management, and prevention. In recent years, there has been a shift in public awareness on health and wellbeing, with consumers making significant dietary changes to improve their immunity and overall health. This rising health awareness is driving a global increase in the consumption of functional foods. This review delves into the benefits of functional foods as potential natural means to modulate the host immune system to enhance defense against viral infections. We provide an overview of the functional food market in Europe and discuss the benefits of enhancing immune fitness in high-risk groups, including the elderly, those with obesity, and people with underlying chronic conditions. We also discuss the immunomodulatory mechanisms of key functional foods, including dairy proteins and hydrolysates, plant-based functional foods, fermentates, and foods enriched with vitamin D, zinc, and selenium. Our findings reveal four key immunity boosting mechanisms by functional foods, including inhibition of viral proliferation and binding to host cells, modulation of the innate immune response in macrophages and dendritic cells, enhancement of specific immune responses in T cells and B cells, and promotion of the intestinal barrier function. Overall, this review demonstrates that diet-derived nutrients and functional foods show immense potential to boost viral immunity in high-risk individuals and can be an important approach to improving overall immune health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christine Loscher
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, D09 DX63 Dublin, Ireland; (D.F.); (R.T.)
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Lim JJ, Reginald K, Say YH, Liu MH, Chew FT. A Dietary Pattern for High Estimated Total Fat Amount Is Associated with Enhanced Allergy Sensitization and Atopic Diseases among Singapore/Malaysia Young Chinese Adults. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2023; 184:975-984. [PMID: 37393903 DOI: 10.1159/000530948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Frequent dietary patterns for fast food diets are suggested to be a risk factor for atopic disease development. Excessive dietary fats in fast foods are postulated to promote low-grade chronic inflammation. However, no studies in Asia have yet to characterize the dietary pattern for high-fat foods with atopic diseases. Thus, this study aims to assess the association between dietary fats with the prevalence of atopic diseases in an allergic cohort. METHODS Through an investigator-administered questionnaire that follows the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) protocol, we evaluated the eating habits, lifestyle behaviours, sociodemographics, and atopic symptoms, and history among 11,494 young Chinese adults in Singapore and Malaysia. A skin prick test (SPT) for common house dust mites was also conducted to determine the atopic (allergic) status. We identified 1,550 atopic dermatitis (AD), 1,301 allergic asthma (AS), and 3,757 allergic rhinitis (AR) atopic cases. We derived a novel dietary index, Diet Quality based on Total Fat Amount (DQTFA), to examine the association between eating patterns for estimated total fat amount with various atopic outcomes. RESULTS There was a preponderance of subjects having positive SPT reaction (69.0%) with the prevalence of AR being the highest (32.7%), then AD (13.5%), and AS (11.3%). Additionally, there is a significantly higher proportion of subjects with an atopy background and atopic diseases consume diets with a high estimated mean fat amount. The adherence to a dietary pattern of the higher estimated total fat amount was shown to be strongly associated with all atopic diseases and exhibited dose-dependent responses in the univariate analysis. These associations remained significant even with the adjustments for age, gender, body mass index, use of alcohol, sedentary lifestyles, and physical activity. A dietary pattern for high-fat amount is more strongly associated with AS (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.524; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.216-1.725; p < 0.001) and AR (AOR: 1.294; 95% CI: 1.107-1.512; p < 0.001) compared to AD (AOR: 1.278; 95% CI: 1.049-1.559; p < 0.05). Finally, it was shown that having either one of the atopic comorbidities was strongly associated with a dietary pattern of high-fat amounts (AOR: 1.360; 95% CI: 1.161-1.594; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our findings altogether provide initial evidence that the dietary pattern of a diet high in fat amount is associated with an increased risk of atopy and atopic diseases in young Chinese adults in Singapore and Malaysia. Balancing the consumption of dietary fats and changing personal dietary habits by choosing foods of the lower fat amount may reduce the associated odds of atopic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jie Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,
| | - Kavita Reginald
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Yee-How Say
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Kampar, Malaysia
| | - Mei Hui Liu
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fook Tim Chew
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Panumasvivat J, Pratchayasakul W, Sapbamrer R, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. The possible role of particulate matter on the respiratory microbiome: evidence from in vivo to clinical studies. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:913-930. [PMID: 36781433 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03452-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution, which contains ambient particulate matter, has been shown to have a significant impact on human health and longevity over the past 30 years. Recent studies clearly showed that exposure to particulate matter directly caused adverse effects on the respiratory system via various mechanisms including the accumulation of free radical peroxidation, the imbalance of intercellular calcium regulation, and inflammation, resulting in respiratory diseases. Recent evidence showed the importance of the role of the respiratory microbiome on lung immunity and lung development. In addition, previous studies have confirmed that several chronic respiratory diseases were associated with an alteration in the respiratory microbiome. However, there is still a lack of knowledge with regard to the changes in the respiratory microbiome with regard to the role of particulate matter exposure in respiratory diseases. Therefore, this review aims to summarize and discuss all the in vivo to clinical evidence which investigated the effect of particulate matter exposure on the respiratory microbiome and respiratory diseases. Any contradictory findings are incorporated and discussed. A summary of all these pieces of evidence may offer an insight into a therapeutic approach for the respiratory diseases related to particulate matter exposure and respiratory microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjuta Panumasvivat
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Wasana Pratchayasakul
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Ratana Sapbamrer
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Kassis A, Fichot MC, Horcajada MN, Horstman AMH, Duncan P, Bergonzelli G, Preitner N, Zimmermann D, Bosco N, Vidal K, Donato-Capel L. Nutritional and lifestyle management of the aging journey: A narrative review. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1087505. [PMID: 36761987 PMCID: PMC9903079 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1087505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
With age, the physiological responses to occasional or regular stressors from a broad range of functions tend to change and adjust at a different pace and restoring these functions in the normal healthy range becomes increasingly challenging. Even if this natural decline is somehow unavoidable, opportunities exist to slow down and attenuate the impact of advancing age on major physiological processes which, when weakened, constitute the hallmarks of aging. This narrative review revisits the current knowledge related to the aging process and its impact on key metabolic functions including immune, digestive, nervous, musculoskeletal, and cardiovascular functions; and revisits insights into the important biological targets that could inspire effective strategies to promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Kassis
- Whiteboard Nutrition Science, Beaconsfield, QC, Canada,Amira Kassis,
| | | | | | | | - Peter Duncan
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Nicolas Preitner
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Diane Zimmermann
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nabil Bosco
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Karine Vidal
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Donato-Capel
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland,*Correspondence: Laurence Donato-Capel,
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11
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Roy PK, Song MG, Jeon EB, Kim SH, Park SY. Effects of dietary intake behavior, food supply, nutrition, and health during the COVID-19 outbreak. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.1032750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which began in 2019, has far-reaching ramifications, including economic losses and health challenges that still affect various parts of the world. During our review, we learned that the entire world is working to stop the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. We explore ways that may lower the danger of SARS-CoV-2 contamination and useful strategies to avoid the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 spreading through food. While hygienic protocols are required in the food supply sector, cleaning, disinfection, and the avoidance of cross-contamination across food categories and other related goods at different stages of the manufacturing process remain especially important because the virus can survive for long periods of time on inert materials such as food packaging. Furthermore, personal hygiene (regular washing and disinfection), wearing gloves and using masks, garments, and footwear dedicated to maintaining hygiene provide on-site safety for food sector personnel, supply chain intermediaries, and consumers. Restrictions imposed in response to the pandemic (e.g., closure of physical workplaces, canteens, cafes, restaurants, schools, and childcare institutions), changes in household grocery shopping frequency, individuals' perceived risk of COVID-19, income losses due to the pandemic, and sociodemographic factors are among the factors. The conclusions drawn from this study consider the implications of healthy diets, food system resilience, behavior change, and nutritional imbalance for policymakers and food supply chain participants, as well as the antimicrobial effects of vitamins and nutrients. During a public health crisis, people should eat less, necessitating preventive policies and nutritional advice to deal with this.
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12
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Titis E. Parental Perspectives of the Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Food-Related Behaviors: Systematic Review. Foods 2022; 11:2851. [PMID: 36140979 PMCID: PMC9498514 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Home confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic has been accompanied by dramatic changes in household food dynamics that can significantly influence health. This systematic literature review presents parental perspectives of the impact of COVID-19 lockdown (up to 30 June 2022) on food preparation and meal routines, as well as other food-related behaviors, capturing both favorable and unfavorable changes in the household food environment. Themes and trends are identified and associations with other lifestyle factors are assessed. Overall, families enjoyed more time together around food, including planning meals, cooking, and eating together. Eating more diverse foods and balanced home-cooked meals (e.g., fresh fruit and vegetables) was combined with overeating and increased snacking (e.g., high-calorie snacks, desserts, and sweets), as parents became more permissive towards food; however, food insecurity increased among families with the lowest income. Adoption of meal planning skills and online shopping behavior emerged alongside behaviors aimed at self-sufficiency, such as bulk purchasing and stockpiling of non-perishable processed foods. These results are an important first step in recognizing how this pandemic may be affecting the family food environment, including low-income families. Future obesity prevention and treatment initiatives, but also ongoing efforts to address food management, parental feeding practices, and food insecurity, can account for these changes moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Titis
- Warwick Institute for the Science of Cities, 4th Floor, Mathematical Sciences Building, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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13
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Mindt BC, DiGiandomenico A. Microbiome Modulation as a Novel Strategy to Treat and Prevent Respiratory Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11040474. [PMID: 35453224 PMCID: PMC9029693 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11040474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic lower airway disease still represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality on a global scale. With the steady rise of multidrug-resistant respiratory pathogens, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae, we are rapidly approaching the advent of a post-antibiotic era. In addition, potentially detrimental novel variants of respiratory viruses continuously emerge with the most prominent recent example being severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To this end, alternative preventive and therapeutic intervention strategies will be critical to combat airway infections in the future. Chronic respiratory diseases are associated with alterations in the lung and gut microbiome, which is thought to contribute to disease progression and increased susceptibility to infection with respiratory pathogens. In this review we will focus on how modulating and harnessing the microbiome may pose a novel strategy to prevent and treat pulmonary infections as well as chronic respiratory disease.
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14
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Chatterjee P, Nirgude A, Chatterjee PK. Healthy eating - a modifiable contributor to optimize healthy living in the COVID-19 pandemic: a review. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:1751-1758. [PMID: 34775607 PMCID: PMC8646809 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in 2019 has posed major risks to global health and the economy. This coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has changed many of our everyday habits, including how we function and socialize, how we eat, and food preferences and selection. The average intake and status of certain vitamins and minerals can result in reduced immunity, which makes people more susceptible to illnesses and exacerbates malnutrition. The most critical factors in this scenario are individual risk evaluation and management techniques. Until general therapies are administered, the nutritional status of each infected patient should be assessed. The differing clinical severity of COVID-19 - from asymptomatic, to mild, to severe, to death - depends on the different metabolic status of the hosts who have contracted the virus, which is determined by their diet, age, gender, health, lifestyle, and environmental factors. A broad systematic exploration on studies of this disease was steered by means of electronic databases and was limited to articles published in English (or with an English abstract) in publications using words like 'health', 'diet', 'food', 'nutritional status', 'COVID-19', 'pandemic', 'modifiable contributor', 'immune system', 'micronutrients', 'vitamin', and so on. Careful individual consideration of the potential dietary, nutritional, medical, lifestyle, and environmental hazards, along with any supplementation with micronutrients wherever required to help to boost the body's natural defence system, with the intention to improve all levels of immunity and the use of effective risk management techniques are appropriate ways to handle the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poulomi Chatterjee
- Department of Community MedicineYenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University)DeralakatteIndia
| | - Abhay Nirgude
- Department of Community MedicineYenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University)DeralakatteIndia
| | - Pratik Kumar Chatterjee
- Department of PhysiologyKasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalIndia
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15
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Dietary Acid Load Modulation of Asthma-Related miRNAs in the Exhaled Breath Condensate of Children. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061147. [PMID: 35334803 PMCID: PMC8949211 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual nutrients and bioactive compounds have been implicated in the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), which are related to inflammation and asthma. However, evidence about the impact of diet is scarce. Therefore, we aimed to assess the association between dietary acid load and asthma-related miRNA in the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) of school-aged children. This cross-sectional analysis included 150 participants aged 7 to 12 years (52% girls) from a nested case–control study, which randomly selected 186 children attending 71 classrooms from 20 public schools located in city of Porto, Portugal. Dietary data were collected by one 24 h-recall questionnaire. Dietary acid load was assessed using the potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) scores. Based on previous studies, eleven asthma-related miRNAs were chosen and analyzed in EBC by reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR. PRAL, NEAP and miRNAs were categorized as high or low according to the median. Logistic regression models were performed to assess the association between dietary acid load scores and miRNAs. Children in high dietary acid load groups (PRAL ≥ 14.43 and NEAP ≥ 55.79 mEq/day) have significantly increased odds of having high miR-133a-3p levels. In conclusion, higher dietary acid loads possibly modulate asthma-related miRNAs of school-aged children.
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16
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Zelka FZ, Kocatürk RR, Özcan ÖÖ, Karahan M. Can Nutritional Supports Beneficial in Other Viral Diseases Be Favorable for COVID-19? Korean J Fam Med 2022; 43:3-15. [PMID: 35130635 PMCID: PMC8820968 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.20.0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2), has rapidly spread worldwide, causing many deaths, the number of which continues to increase. Global public health organizations and governments have advised on the adoption of various handwashing and hygiene guidelines, use of masks, and social distancing, along with isolation or lockdown protocols to prevent SARS-COV-2 spread. There are vaccines and drugs that are confirmed but still many human suffer from this disease. Important risk factors for SARS-COV-2 infection are similar to other viral infectious diseases as including influenza, hepatitis B, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and other lung infections. These diseases might be related to poor nutritional support, affecting the patient outcomes against COVID-19. In this review, we discuss some of the nutritional therapies currently being investigated for infectious diseases. Studies have shown that nutrition has the potential to prevent and mitigate viral infections. Micronutrients (vitamins A, B6, B12, C, D, and E, B9, and trace elements, such as iron, zinc, copper, selenium, magnesium, and polyphenols) and macronutrients (carbohydrates, prebiotics, probiotics, protein [amino acids], and lipids [fatty acids]) affect the whole body, including the immune system, preventing viral entry and modulating clinical symptoms. This review discusses the importance of nutrition as a strategy to understand food groups and key nutrients that may affect the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients during the ongoing pandemic. Scientists believe that the likelihood of another pandemic is imminent. COVID-19 remains important and scientists believe it will continue will in the future. We emphasize the lack of studies on the nutritional impact of COVID-19 in terms of nutrition, even though nutritional interventions has been shown to have many advantages during the treatment of viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Öznur Özge Özcan
- Vocational School of Health Services, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mesut Karahan
- Vocational School of Health Services, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Corresponding Author: Mesut Karahan Tel: +90-5359517790, Fax: +90-2164741256, E-mail:
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17
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Salazar-Robles E, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Badillo H, Calderón-Juárez M, García-Bárcenas CA, Ledesma-Pérez PD, Lerma A, Lerma C. Association between severity of COVID-19 symptoms and habitual food intake in adult outpatients. BMJ Nutr Prev Health 2022; 4:469-478. [PMID: 35024547 PMCID: PMC8594975 DOI: 10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the association between habitual frequency of food intake of certain food groups during the COVID-19 pandemic and manifestations of COVID-19 symptoms in adult outpatients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection. Design We included 236 patients who attended an outpatient clinic for suspected COVID-19 evaluation. Severity of symptoms, habitual food intake frequency, demographics and Bristol chart scores were obtained before diagnostic confirmation with real-time reverse transcriptase PCR using nasopharyngeal swab. Results The results of the COVID-19 diagnostic tests were positive for 103 patients (44%) and negative for 133 patients (56%). In the SARS-CoV-2-positive group, symptom severity scores had significant negative correlations with habitual intake frequency of specific food groups. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex and occupation confirmed that SARS-CoV-2-positive patients showed a significant negative association between having higher symptom severity and the habitual intake frequency of ‘legumes’ and ‘grains, bread and cereals’. Conclusions Increase in habitual frequency of intake of ‘legumes’, and ‘grains, bread and cereals’ food groups decreased overall symptom severity in patients with COVID-19. This study provides a framework for designing a protective diet during the COVID-19 pandemic and also establishes a hypothesis of using a diet-based intervention in the management of SARS-CoV-2 infection, which may be explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elihud Salazar-Robles
- Centro Universitario de la Costa, Department of Medical Sciences, Universidad de Guadalajara, Puerto Vallarta, Mexico
| | - Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh
- Chemical Engineering (Food Science and Technology), University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Humberto Badillo
- Centro de Salud Jalalpa el Grande, Secretaría de Salud de la Ciudad de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martín Calderón-Juárez
- Plan de Estudios Combinados en Medicina (PECEM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cesar Alberto García-Bárcenas
- Centro Universitario de la Costa, Department of Medical Sciences, Universidad de Guadalajara, Puerto Vallarta, Mexico
| | | | - Abel Lerma
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Mexico
| | - Claudia Lerma
- Department of Electromechanical Instrumentation, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
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18
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Kahramanoğlu İ, Rengasamy KRR, Usanmaz S, Alas T, Helvacı M, Okatan V, Aşkın MA, Wan C. Improving the safety and security of fruits and vegetables during COVID-19 pandemic with postharvest handling. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 62:8855-8865. [PMID: 34107804 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1935703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has damaged the world's economy during 2020-2021, reduced the purchasing power of households, partially restricted international movements and trade (including food products) and damaged horticultural production. This resulted in uncertainty in the food business and caused food supply shocks. According to some scientists, business people, and politicians, this situation is a forerunner and warning for humanity to change its lifestyle by focusing on sustainable measures to prevent natural ecosystems damage. In line with this, the present review article focused on the significant impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on horticultural production and some prevention measures. It has been scientifically confirmed that the postharvest losses of fruits and vegetables reach around 10-15% in developed countries and about 20-40% in developing countries, higher in some specific crops. It is believed that reducing these losses can help the world fight food supply shocks during the COVID-19 pandemic and customary conditions to reduce the pressure on natural resources. Therefore, the present paper aimed to highlight some critical handling practices against food supply shocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- İbrahim Kahramanoğlu
- Department of Horticulture, European University of Lefke, Gemikonagi, Northern Cyprus, Turkey
| | - Kannan R R Rengasamy
- Green Biotechnologies Research Centre of Excellence, University of Limpopo, Mankweng, South Africa
| | - Serhat Usanmaz
- Department of Horticulture, European University of Lefke, Gemikonagi, Northern Cyprus, Turkey
| | - Turgut Alas
- Department of Horticulture, European University of Lefke, Gemikonagi, Northern Cyprus, Turkey
| | - Murat Helvacı
- Department of Horticulture, European University of Lefke, Gemikonagi, Northern Cyprus, Turkey
| | - Volkan Okatan
- Department of Horticulture, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet A Aşkın
- Department of Horticulture, European University of Lefke, Gemikonagi, Northern Cyprus, Turkey
| | - Chunpeng Wan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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19
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Abstract
BACKGROUND This hospital-based study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status and dietary habits, the amount of nutrients provided to the patients in the hospital and to detect the predictors of severity among COVID-19 patients in Jordan. METHODS A hospital-based study (N = 367; mean age 42.3 y; SD 15.4; 66.0% men) was conducted between March 17 and July 25, 2020, in Prince Hamza Hospital. Data about socio-demographic, anthropometric, dietary habits, and macro- and micronutrients intake were collected from the patients' medical files, and some missing data were collected by phone directly from the patients. RESULTS The results of the linear regression showed that only age was significantly and positively (ß = 0.454; P = 0.001) associated with severity of the disease among the study patients. Approximately 57% of the COVID-19 patients consumed 3 meals daily, while 31-34% consumed 1 to 2 snacks daily. The majority (64%) of the patients drank more than 5 cups of water daily. Around 24% of the patients complained of eating problems, such as taste and/or smell loss, low appetite, and swallowing difficulty. The intakes of the vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6, and C, as well as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, selenium, and sodium, were within the recommended dietary allowances (RDA). CONCLUSION The servings of the 5 food groups as well as most of the macro- and micronutrient requirements were within the recommended intakes and RDA.
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20
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Kokoszynska M, Ubags ND, Bivona JJ, Ventrone S, Reed LF, Dixon AE, Wargo MJ, Poynter ME, Suratt BT. Storage conditions of high-fat diets affect pulmonary inflammation. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15116. [PMID: 34822216 PMCID: PMC8614184 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity alters the risks and outcomes of inflammatory lung diseases. It is important to accurately recapitulate the obese state in animal models to understand these effects on the pathogenesis of disease. Diet-induced obesity is a commonly used model of obesity, but when applied to other disease models like acute respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia, and asthma, it yields widely divergent. We hypothesized high-fat chow storage conditions would affect lipid oxidation and inflammatory response in the lungs of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged mice. For 6 weeks, C57BL/6crl mice were fed either a 10% (low-fat diet, LFD) or 60% (high-fat diet, HFD) stored at room temperature (RT, 23°C) for up to 7, 14, 21, or 42 days. Mice were treated with nebulized LPS to induce lung inflammation, and neutrophil levels in bronchoalveolar lavage were determined 24 h later. Lipid oxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA) was assayed by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in chow and mouse plasma. Concentrations of MDA in chow and plasma rose in proportion to the duration of RT chow storage. Mice fed a HFD stored <2 weeks at RT had an attenuated response 24 h after LPS compared with mice fed an LFD. This effect was reversed after 2 weeks of chow storage at RT. Chow stored above freezing underwent lipid oxidation associated with significant alterations in the LPS-induced pulmonary inflammatory response. Our data show that storage conditions affect lipid peroxidation, which in turn affects pulmonary inflammatory responses in a mouse model of disease. It also suggests changes in the microbiome, although not significantly different suggests decreased variety and richness of bacteria in the gut, a large aspect of the immune system. Dietary composition and storage of chow may also affect pulmonary inflammation and the gut microbiome in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kokoszynska
- Department of MedicinePulmonary Disease and Critical Care MedicineUniversity of Vermont Larner College of MedicineBurlingtonVermontUSA
- Vermont Lung CenterBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Niki D. Ubags
- Faculty of Biology and MedicineUniversity of LausanneService de PneumologieCHUVLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Joseph J. Bivona
- Department of MedicinePulmonary Disease and Critical Care MedicineUniversity of Vermont Larner College of MedicineBurlingtonVermontUSA
- Vermont Lung CenterBurlingtonVermontUSA
- Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Doctoral ProgramUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Sebastian Ventrone
- Department of MedicinePulmonary Disease and Critical Care MedicineUniversity of Vermont Larner College of MedicineBurlingtonVermontUSA
- Vermont Lung CenterBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Leah F. Reed
- Department of MedicinePulmonary Disease and Critical Care MedicineUniversity of Vermont Larner College of MedicineBurlingtonVermontUSA
- Vermont Lung CenterBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Anne E. Dixon
- Department of MedicinePulmonary Disease and Critical Care MedicineUniversity of Vermont Larner College of MedicineBurlingtonVermontUSA
- Vermont Lung CenterBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Matthew J. Wargo
- Department of MedicinePulmonary Disease and Critical Care MedicineUniversity of Vermont Larner College of MedicineBurlingtonVermontUSA
- Vermont Lung CenterBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Matthew E. Poynter
- Department of MedicinePulmonary Disease and Critical Care MedicineUniversity of Vermont Larner College of MedicineBurlingtonVermontUSA
- Vermont Lung CenterBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Benjamin T. Suratt
- Department of MedicinePulmonary Disease and Critical Care MedicineUniversity of Vermont Larner College of MedicineBurlingtonVermontUSA
- Vermont Lung CenterBurlingtonVermontUSA
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21
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Sibeko L, Johns T, Cordeiro LS. Traditional plant use during lactation and postpartum recovery: Infant development and maternal health roles. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:114377. [PMID: 34192598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Evidence of phytochemical roles in infant development and maternal recovery offers insights into beneficial functions of traditional plant use during lactation and the postpartum period. Ethnopharmacological research has relevance to global priorities on maternal and child health, to understanding origins and determinants of human self-medication, and for reconciling traditional postpartum practices and mainstream healthcare. AIM OF THE STUDY Present emerging evidence, within evolutionary and socio-cultural contexts, on the role of maternal consumption on transfer of phytochemicals into breast milk with impacts on maternal and child health, and on infant development. Establish current state of knowledge and an ethnopharmacological research agenda that is attentive to cross-cultural and regional differences in postpartum plant use. MATERIALS AND METHODS An extensive literature review using Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science focused on traditional and contemporary use and socio-cultural context, as well as physiological, pharmacological, toxicological, and behavioral activities of plants used medicinally by women during postpartum recovery and lactation. RESULTS The most widely reported postpartum plants show antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, immunological, and neurophysiological activities, with low toxicity. Phytochemicals transfer from maternal consumption into breast milk in physiological concentrations, while animal studies demonstrate immunomodulation and other actions of medicinal plants during lactation. Reporting on the use and diverse traditional knowledge of women about plants during the postpartum period is obscured by the marginal place of obstetric issues and by gender biases in ethnobotanical research. In many contemporary contexts use is prejudiced by precautionary risk warnings in health literature and practice that confound lactation with pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Although systematic investigation of postpartum plant use is lacking, known pharmacological activities support potential benefits on infant development and maternal health with immediate and long-term consequences in relation to allergic, inflammatory, autoimmune, and other diseases. An ethnopharmacological agenda focused on the perinatal period requires directed methodologies and a regional approach in relation to culturally-specific knowledge and practices, traditional plant use, and local health needs. Testing the hypothesis that phytochemicals transferred from medicinal plants into breast milk impact the human immune system and other aspects of infant development requires extended analysis of phytochemicals in human milk and infant lumen and plasma, as well as effects on gastrointestinal and milk microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindiwe Sibeko
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Timothy Johns
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Lorraine S Cordeiro
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
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22
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Ahiawodzi PD, Buzkova P, Djousse L, Ix JH, Kizer JR, Mukamal KJ. Nonesterified Fatty Acids and Hospitalizations Among Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:1326-1332. [PMID: 32914181 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We sought to determine associations between total serum concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) and incident total and cause-specific hospitalizations in a community-living cohort of older adults. METHODS We included 4715 participants in the Cardiovascular Health Study who had fasting total serum NEFA measured at the 1992/1993 clinic visit and were followed for a median of 12 years. We identified all inpatient admissions requiring at least an overnight hospitalization and used primary diagnostic codes to categorize cause-specific hospitalizations. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to determine associations with time-to-first hospitalization and Poisson regression for the rate ratios (RRs) of hospitalizations and days hospitalized. RESULTS We identified 21 339 hospitalizations during follow-up. In fully adjusted models, higher total NEFAs were significantly associated with higher risk of incident hospitalization (hazard ratio [HR] per SD [0.2 mEq/L] = 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03-1.10, p < .001), number of hospitalizations (RR per SD = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01-1.07, p = .01), and total number of days hospitalized (RR per SD = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.01-1.10, p = .01). Among hospitalization subtypes, higher NEFA was associated with higher likelihood of mental, neurologic, respiratory, and musculoskeletal causes of hospitalization. Among specific causes of hospitalization, higher NEFA was associated with diabetes, pneumonia, and gastrointestinal hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS Higher fasting total serum NEFAs are associated with a broad array of causes of hospitalization among older adults. While some of these were expected, our results illustrate a possible utility of NEFAs as biomarkers for risk of hospitalization, and total days hospitalized, in older adults. Further research is needed to determine whether interventions based on NEFAs might be feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Ahiawodzi
- Department of Public Health, Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Buies Creek, NC
| | - Petra Buzkova
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Luc Djousse
- Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joachim H Ix
- Divisions of Nephrology and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | - Jorge R Kizer
- Cardiology Section, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, and Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California
| | - Kenneth J Mukamal
- Division of General Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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23
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Salamanca-González P, Valls-Zamora RM, Pedret-Figuerola A, Sorlí-Aguilar M, Santigosa-Ayala A, Catalin RE, Pallejà-Millán M, Solà-Alberich R, Martin-Lujan F. Effectiveness of a Motivational Nutritional Intervention through Social Networks 2.0 to Increase Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Improve Lung Function in Active Smokers: The DIET Study, a Randomized, Controlled and Parallel Clinical Trial in Primary Care. Nutrients 2021; 13:3597. [PMID: 34684600 PMCID: PMC8538243 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet can help preserve lung function in smokers, as well as aid individuals who avoid smoking. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a nutritional intervention, using the Social Networks 2.0 tool, to increase adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and improve lung function in smokers without prior respiratory disease. METHODS A randomized controlled parallel design was used. The participants were assigned to either the intervention or control group. Data from representative smokers without respiratory disease (n = 77) aged 18-70 years were analyzed. The participants completed a validated semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire, and their adherence to the diet was evaluated by using the questionnaire called the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Score (MEDAS, with 14 items), which considers ≥9 points to indicate high adherence. The lung function was assessed by spirometry. Associations among variables were determined by logistic regression. RESULTS A comparison of the variables at the end of the study between the control and intervention groups showed that the intervention significantly increased adherence to the MD based on the MEDAS questionnaire (0.69 (2.1) vs. 2.05 (2.03); p = 0.009). Specifically, the consumption of fruits was increased after two years in both groups; however, a more significant increase was detected in the intervention group (121 (178) vs. 12.7 (167) in the control group; p-value = 0.008). In the unadjusted analysis, the intervention only showed a statistical significant increase in the score of adherence to the MD (β: 1.36; 95% CI 0.35; 2.3; p = 0.009), and this increase was maintained after adjusting for age and sex (β: 1.15; 95% CI 0.05; 2.2; p = 0.040) and after adjusting for various sociodemographic, lifestyle and anthropometric variables (β: 1.17; 95% CI 0.02; 2.31; p = 0.046). The pulmonary function parameters improved more in the intervention group; however, no significant differences were observed between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS A nutritional intervention based on a dietetic-nutritional education program resulted in a significant increase in adherence to the MD. However, some evidence suggests that an MD dietary intervention can improve lung function, but in our study, we were not able to demonstrate this. Further research is needed to obtain more robust data and confirm a possible benefit of the program before it can be extended to general practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Salamanca-González
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-SALUT), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de La Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç, 21, 43201 Reus, Spain; (P.S.-G.); (R.M.V.-Z.); (A.P.-F.); (R.S.-A.)
- CENIT Research Group, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP JGol), Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes, 587, 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.-A.); (A.S.-A.); (R.-E.C.)
| | - Rosa Maria Valls-Zamora
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-SALUT), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de La Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç, 21, 43201 Reus, Spain; (P.S.-G.); (R.M.V.-Z.); (A.P.-F.); (R.S.-A.)
| | - Anna Pedret-Figuerola
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-SALUT), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de La Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç, 21, 43201 Reus, Spain; (P.S.-G.); (R.M.V.-Z.); (A.P.-F.); (R.S.-A.)
| | - Mar Sorlí-Aguilar
- CENIT Research Group, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP JGol), Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes, 587, 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.-A.); (A.S.-A.); (R.-E.C.)
| | - Antoni Santigosa-Ayala
- CENIT Research Group, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP JGol), Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes, 587, 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.-A.); (A.S.-A.); (R.-E.C.)
- Department of Primary Care Camp de Tarragona, Institut Català de la Salut, Doctor Mallafré Guach, 4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina i Ciències de La Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç, 21, 43201 Reus, Spain;
| | - Roxana-Elena Catalin
- CENIT Research Group, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP JGol), Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes, 587, 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.-A.); (A.S.-A.); (R.-E.C.)
- Department of Primary Care Camp de Tarragona, Institut Català de la Salut, Doctor Mallafré Guach, 4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Pallejà-Millán
- Departament de Medicina i Ciències de La Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç, 21, 43201 Reus, Spain;
- Research Support Unit Camp of Tarragona, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP JGol), Camí de Riudoms, 53-55, 43202 Reus, Spain
| | - Rosa Solà-Alberich
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-SALUT), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de La Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç, 21, 43201 Reus, Spain; (P.S.-G.); (R.M.V.-Z.); (A.P.-F.); (R.S.-A.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari Sant Joan XXIII, Doctor Mallafré Guasch, 4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Francisco Martin-Lujan
- CENIT Research Group, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP JGol), Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes, 587, 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.-A.); (A.S.-A.); (R.-E.C.)
- Department of Primary Care Camp de Tarragona, Institut Català de la Salut, Doctor Mallafré Guach, 4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina i Ciències de La Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç, 21, 43201 Reus, Spain;
- Research Support Unit Camp of Tarragona, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP JGol), Camí de Riudoms, 53-55, 43202 Reus, Spain
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Ozcan T, Eroglu E. Effect of stevia and inulin interactions on fermentation profile and short‐chain fatty acid production of
Lactobacillus acidophilus
in milk and
in vitro
systems. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tulay Ozcan
- Faculty of Agriculture Department of Food Engineering Bursa Uludag University Gorukle Bursa 16059 Turkey
| | - Ezgi Eroglu
- Faculty of Agriculture Department of Food Engineering Bursa Uludag University Gorukle Bursa 16059 Turkey
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25
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Sengupta S, Bhattacharyya D, Kasle G, Karmakar S, Sahu O, Ganguly A, Addya S, Das Sarma J. Potential Immunomodulatory Properties of Biologically Active Components of Spices Against SARS-CoV-2 and Pan β-Coronaviruses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:729622. [PMID: 34513735 PMCID: PMC8431827 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.729622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced COVID-19 has emerged as a defining global health crisis in current times. Data from the World Health Organization shows demographic variations in COVID-19 severity and lethality. Diet may play a significant role in providing beneficial host cell factors contributing to immunity against deadly SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. Spices are essential components of the diet that possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiviral properties. Hyperinflammation, an aberrant systemic inflammation associated with pneumonia, acute respiratory failure, and multiorgan dysfunction, is a major clinical outcome in COVID-19. Knowing the beneficial properties of spices, we hypothesize that spice-derived bioactive components can modulate host immune responses to provide protective immunity in COVID-19. This study emphasizes that biologically active components of spices might alleviate the sustained pro-inflammatory condition by inhibiting the activity of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukins (IL6, IL8), and chemokine (CCL2) known to be elevated in COVID-19. Spices may potentially prevent the tissue damage induced by oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory mediators during SARS-CoV-2 infection. The current study also highlights the effects of spices on the antioxidant pathways mediated by Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) and Hmox1 (heme oxygenase 1) to restore oxidative homeostasis and protect from aberrant tissue damage. Taken together, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of bioactive components of spices may hold a promise to target the cellular pathways for developing antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 and pan β-coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourodip Sengupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata (IISER-K), Mohanpur, India
| | - Debina Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata (IISER-K), Mohanpur, India
| | - Grishma Kasle
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata (IISER-K), Mohanpur, India
| | - Souvik Karmakar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata (IISER-K), Mohanpur, India
| | - Omkar Sahu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata (IISER-K), Mohanpur, India
| | - Anirban Ganguly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata (IISER-K), Mohanpur, India
| | - Sankar Addya
- Kimmel Cancer Centre, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jayasri Das Sarma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata (IISER-K), Mohanpur, India
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26
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Karimi S, Tondro A, Hematpour B, Karimi M, Ehyaei P. Evaluation of nutritional status and health behaviors of patients infected with COVID-19. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:3459-3463. [PMID: 34760773 PMCID: PMC8565110 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_181_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was a health emergency for the world in which started in 2019. Various factors are involved in the pathogenesis of this virus, including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), the type of diet, the degree of observance of health protocols, and the health status of people. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status and health behaviors of patients infected with COVID-19. METHODS A descriptive-analytical research method was used in this study. One of the outpatient centers for the patients infected with COVID-19 in Kermanshah was selected as the research setting. The study population included all patients infected with COVID-19 and the sample size was 200 people. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 22. RESULTS Most patients (51%) were females and most of them suffered from body aches (81%) and headaches (94%). Most of the patients (76%) did not use a mask. Regarding the nutritional status, a large number of patients used all food groups such as carbohydrates, proteins, fruits, and vegetables less than the standard amount. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that people with underlying diseases are more prone to the disease than others and adherence to social distancing and mask use helps a lot to control the disease. In addition, the appropriate intake of food groups reduces the severity of the disease by strengthening the immune system in people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Karimi
- Instructor of Nursing, Department of Nursing and Midwifery School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Tondro
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Behzad Hematpour
- Assistance Professor in Anesthesiology, Clinical Research Development Center of Taleghani Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Maryam Karimi
- Public Health Expert, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Parvin Ehyaei
- Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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27
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Mendes FDC, Paciência I, Cavaleiro Rufo J, Farraia M, Silva D, Padrão P, Delgado L, Garcia-Larsen V, Moreira A, Moreira P. Higher diversity of vegetable consumption is associated with less airway inflammation and prevalence of asthma in school-aged children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2021; 32:925-936. [PMID: 33394508 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A diet rich in fruits and vegetables has been suggested to counteract the oxidative stress and inflammation that characterize asthma. We aimed to assess the association between vegetable and fruit diversity consumption and asthma and its related outcomes in school-aged children. METHODS Participants included 647 children (49% females, aged 7-12 years) recruited from 20 public schools across the city of Porto, in Portugal. Vegetable intake and fruit intake were ascertained using a single self-reported 24-hour recall questionnaire. A diversity score was built taking into account the different number of individual vegetables and fruits consumed and categorized into two groups based on the total reported median consumption, which was rounded to the nearest whole number (≤3 and >3, for vegetables; and ≤1 and >1, for fruits). A questionnaire was used to enquire about self-reported medical diagnosis of asthma and respiratory symptoms. Airway inflammation was assessed measuring exhaled fractional nitric oxide concentration (eNO) and was categorized into two groups (<35 and ≥35 ppb). The association between fruit and vegetable diversity and respiratory outcomes was examined using logistic regression models, adjusting for confounders. RESULTS A higher vegetable diversity consumption per day was negatively associated with having self-reported asthma (OR = 0.67; 95% CI 0.47, 0.95), while having a vegetable diversity consumption superior to 3 items per day was negatively associated with levels of eNO ≥ 35 ppb (OR = 0.38; 95% CI 0.16, 0.88) and breathing difficulties (OR = 0.39; 95% CI 0.16, 0.97). CONCLUSION Eating a greater variety of vegetables was associated with a lower chance of airway inflammation and prevalence of self-reported asthma in school children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca de Castro Mendes
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Paciência
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Cavaleiro Rufo
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Farraia
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Silva
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Padrão
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Delgado
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Garcia-Larsen
- Program in Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - André Moreira
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal.,Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Moreira
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Gut Microbiota, in the Halfway between Nutrition and Lung Function. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051716. [PMID: 34069415 PMCID: PMC8159117 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is often mentioned as a “forgotten organ” or “metabolic organ”, given its profound impact on host physiology, metabolism, immune function and nutrition. A healthy diet is undoubtedly a major contributor for promoting a “good” microbial community that turns out to be crucial for a fine-tuned symbiotic relationship with the host. Both microbial-derived components and produced metabolites elicit the activation of downstream cascades capable to modulate both local and systemic immune responses. A balance between host and gut microbiota is crucial to keep a healthy intestinal barrier and an optimal immune homeostasis, thus contributing to prevent disease occurrence. How dietary habits can impact gut microbiota and, ultimately, host immunity in health and disease has been the subject of intense study, especially with regard to metabolic diseases. Only recently, these links have started to be explored in relation to lung diseases. The objective of this review is to address the current knowledge on how diet affects gut microbiota and how it acts on lung function. As the immune system seems to be the key player in the cross-talk between diet, gut microbiota and the lungs, involved immune interactions are discussed. There are key nutrients that, when present in our diet, help in gut homeostasis and lead to a healthier lifestyle, even ameliorating chronic diseases. Thus, with this review we hope to incite the scientific community interest to use diet as a valuable non-pharmacological addition to lung diseases management. First, we talk about the intestinal microbiota and interactions through the intestinal barrier for a better understanding of the following sections, which are the main focus of this article: the way diet impacts the intestinal microbiota and the immune interactions of the gut–lung axis that can explain the impact of diet, a key modifiable factor influencing the gut microbiota in several lung diseases.
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Ali A, Sohaib M, Iqbal S, Hayat K, Khan AU, Rasool MF. Evaluation of COVID-19 Disease Awareness and Its Relation to Mental Health, Dietary Habits, and Physical Activity: A Cross-Sectional Study from Pakistan. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021; 104:1687-1693. [PMID: 33690156 PMCID: PMC8103453 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-1451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus infection (COVID-19) has significantly increased the mortality and morbidity rates worldwide. The present study was conducted to assess the general public's awareness of COVID-19 and its association with mental health, dietary habits, and physical activity. A web-based survey was conducted to gather information about demographics, knowledge about COVID-19, dietary habits, mental health, and anthropometry among the general public of Pakistan. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and multiple logistic regression were used for data analysis. The majority of the participants were suffering from anxiety (71.0%) and depression (52.0%) during the COVID-19 pandemic; 32.4% of participants had poor COVID-19-related knowledge. COVID-19 lockdown reduced the physical activity of 66.9% of participants and increased weight of 38.8% of the survey participants. Demographic variables, including age, gender, ethnicity, education, employment, family type, and geographical location, were significantly associated with knowledge about COVID-19 (P < 0.05). Depression was inversely associated with COVID-19 knowledge (P < 0.05). Healthy changes in dietary habits including decreased consumption of fast foods, soft and cola drinks, fruit drinks, cooked meat (outside the home), sugar, and fats, and were associated with increased knowledge of COVID-19. Vitamin C and immunity-boosting supplement consumption were significantly associated with increased knowledge regarding COVID-19 (< 0.05). Inadequate knowledge about COVID-19 and the presence of anxiety and depression were found among most of the study participants. There is a need to conduct educational seminars to limit the health consequences resulting from COVID-19 lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ali
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Biosciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohaib
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Biosciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan;,Address correspondence to Muhammad Sohaib, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Biosciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, outfall Rd., Lahore 54000, Pakistan. E-mail:
| | - Sanaullah Iqbal
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Biosciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Khezar Hayat
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China;,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Azmat Ullah Khan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Biosciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Fawad Rasool
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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Sibeko L, Johns T. Global survey of medicinal plants during lactation and postpartum recovery: Evolutionary perspectives and contemporary health implications. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 270:113812. [PMID: 33450288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cross-cultural comparison of plants used during lactation and the postpartum period offers insight into a largely overlooked area of ethnopharmacological research. Potential roles of phytochemicals in emerging models of interaction among immunity, inflammation, microbiome and nervous system effects on perinatal development have relevance for the life-long health of individuals and of populations in both traditional and contemporary contexts. AIM OF THE STUDY Delineate and interpret patterns of traditional and contemporary global use of medicinal plants ingested by mothers during the postpartum period relative to phytochemical activity on immune development and gastrointestinal microbiome of breastfed infants, and on maternal health. MATERIALS AND METHODS Published reviews and surveys on galactagogues and postpartum recovery practices plus ethnobotanical studies from around the world were used to identify and rank plants, and ascertain regional use patterns. Scientific literature for 20 most-cited plants based on frequency of publication was assessed for antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antidepressant, analgesic, galactagogic and safety properties. RESULTS From compilation of 4418 use reports related to 1948 species, 105 plant taxa were recorded ≥7 times, with the most frequently cited species, Foeniculum vulgare, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Pimpinella anisum, Euphorbia hirta and Asparagus racemosus, 81, 64, 42, 40 and 38 times, respectively. Species and use vary globally, illustrated by the pattern of aromatic plants of culinary importance versus latex-producing plants utilized in North Africa/Middle East and Sub-Saharan Africa with opposing predominance. For 18/20 of the plants a risk/benefit perspective supports assessment that positive immunomodulation and related potential exceed any safety concerns. Published evidence does not support a lactation-enhancing effect for nearly all the most-cited plants while antidepressant data for the majority of plants are predominately limited to animal studies. CONCLUSIONS Within a biocultural context traditional postpartum plant use serves adaptive functions for the mother-infant dyad and contributes phytochemicals absent in most contemporary diets and patterns of ingestion, with potential impacts on allergic, inflammatory and other conditions. Polyphenolics and other phytochemicals are widely immunologically active, present in breast milk and predominately non-toxic. Systematic analysis of phytochemicals in human milk, infant lumen and plasma, and immunomodulatory studies that differentiate maternal ingestion during lactation from pregnancy, are needed. Potential herb-drug interaction and other adverse effects should remain central to obstetric advising, but unless a plant is specifically shown as harmful, considering potential contributions to health of individuals and populations, blanket advisories against postpartum herbal use during lactation appear empirically unwarranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindiwe Sibeko
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Timothy Johns
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada.
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Yang J, Wu J, Li Y, Zhang Y, Cho WC, Ju X, van Schothorst EM, Zheng Y. Gut bacteria formation and influencing factors. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:6168382. [PMID: 33705527 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiab043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays an important role in human health. In modern life, with the improvement of living conditions, the intake of high-sugar and high-fat diets as well as the large-scale use of antibacterial drugs have an extensive impact on the gut microbiota, even leading to gut microbiota-orchestrating disorders. This review discusses the effects of various factors, including geographic location, age, diet, antibacterial drugs, psychological situation and exercise on gut bacteria, which helps us profoundly to understand the significance of gut bacteria to human health and to find effective solutions to prevent or treat related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, 1 Xujiaping, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Jin'en Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, 1 Xujiaping, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Yating Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, 1 Xujiaping, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Yong'e Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, 1 Xujiaping, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 30 Gascoigne Road, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Xianghong Ju
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, 1 Haida Road, Mazhang District, 524088, China
| | - Evert M van Schothorst
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, De Elst 1, Wageningen 6708WD, The Netherlands
| | - Yadong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, 1 Xujiaping, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730046, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, 88 Daxuenan Road, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Muthuramalingam K, Kim Y, Cho M. β-glucan, "the knight of health sector": critical insights on physiochemical heterogeneities, action mechanisms and health implications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:6908-6931. [PMID: 33819119 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1908221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
β-glucans, the class of biological response modifier has unceasing attention, not only for its immune stimulating but also for its role as prebiotics, modulator of physiological events etc. and is widely used in the treatment of cancer, diabetes, gastrointestinal disorders, cardiovascular diseases etc. However, β-glucan with different physiochemical properties is found to have discrete clinical functions and thus careful selection of the types of β-glucan plays pivotal role in providing significant and expected clinical outcome. Herein this review, we presented the factors responsible for diverse functional properties of β-glucan, their distinct mode of actions in regulating human health etc. Further, clinical aspects of different β-glucans toward the management of wound care, metabolic dysbiosis, fatty liver disorders and endurance training associated energy metabolism were compiled and exhibited in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthika Muthuramalingam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmee Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonjae Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Medical Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
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Abadía Otero J, Briongos Figuero LS, Gabella Mattín M, Usategui Martín I, Cubero Morais P, Cuellar Olmedo L, Inglada Galiana L, Dueñas Gutiérrez C, Carretero Gómez J, Corral Gudino L, Miramontes González JP. The nutritional status of the elderly patient infected with COVID-19: the forgotten risk factor? Curr Med Res Opin 2021; 37:549-554. [PMID: 33509001 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2021.1882414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the first cases of COVID-19 were reported in Wuhan, the nutritional status of individuals infected with the virus has not been included in the risk profiles prepared. However, nutritional status, along with other factors, is decisive in the evolution of patients with other infectious diseases. The nutritional status of individuals is considered an indicator of health status. Furthermore, optimal nutritional status transcends the individual, and poor diet in a population can be considered a group risk factor. Evidence exists on the influence that diet has on the immune system and susceptibility to disease. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the nutritional status of patients older than 65 years who were admitted due to COVID-19 and how this has influenced the evolution of patients. DESIGN This prospective and observational study was performed in patients with COVID-19 infection confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Data were collected from the first 24 h of admission. All patients admitted during one month to the wards assigned to COVID-19 infection were included. RESULTS A total of 83 patients were studied. The statistical study of mortality showed associations with age (p = .005), living in a nursing home (p = .022), a high Charlson Comorbidity Index (p = .039), hypertension (p = .032), comorbidities of dementia (p = .019) and cerebral vascular disease (p = .041), and Barthel Index (p = .010). The analysis of the influence of the nutritional state on mortality revealed a statistical association between malnutrition and mortality in the pooled data analysis (p = .005) and analysis by degrees of malnutrition (p = .27). CONCLUSIONS Malnutrition was a risk factor as powerful as others such as hypertension, age, and different comorbidities. We must evaluate and treat the nutritional status of elderly patients with COVID-19 infection since it directly affects their evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Abadía Otero
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Pablo Cubero Morais
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Luis Cuellar Olmedo
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Luis Inglada Galiana
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | | | - Luis Corral Gudino
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
- Medicine School, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - José Pablo Miramontes González
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
- IBSAL - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Campus ciencias de la salud - Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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The Influence of Eating at Home on Dietary Diversity and Airway Inflammation in Portuguese School-Aged Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052646. [PMID: 33808006 PMCID: PMC7967357 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Considering the negative impact of a lack of dietary diversity on children’s nutritional status, we aimed to describe dietary variety according to eating at home frequency and assessed its association with respiratory outcomes in school-aged children. This cross-sectional study included 590 children (49% girls) aged 7 to 12 years from 20 public schools located in city of Porto, Portugal. Daily frequency of eating at home groups were calculated and dietary diversity was calculated using a 10-food group score from a 24 h recall questionnaire. Spirometry and exhaled nitric oxide levels (eNO; <35 and ≥35 ppb) were assessed. The comparison of diet diversity according to the groups was performed by ANOVA and ANCOVA. The association between dietary diversity and respiratory outcomes was examined using regression models. In multivariate analysis, children in the highest group of eating at home episodes (≥4 occasions) obtained the lowest dietary diversity mean score, while the lowest group (<2) had the highest mean score (p-value 0.026). After adjustment for confounders, higher diet diversity (≥5 food groups) significantly decreased the odds of having an eNO ≥35. Diet diversity might decrease the chance of airway inflammation among children. However, having more eating episodes at home could be a barrier to a more diverse diet.
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Ma NL, Peng W, Soon CF, Noor Hassim MF, Misbah S, Rahmat Z, Yong WTL, Sonne C. Covid-19 pandemic in the lens of food safety and security. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 193:110405. [PMID: 33130165 PMCID: PMC7598367 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The recently emerged coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which has been characterised as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO), is impacting all parts of human society including agriculture, manufacturing, and tertiary sectors involving all service provision industries. This paper aims to give an overview of potential host reservoirs that could cause pandemic outbreak caused by zoonotic transmission. Amongst all, continues surveillance in slaughterhouse for possible pathogens transmission is needed to prevent next pandemic outbreak. This paper also summarizes the potential threats of pandemic to agriculture and aquaculture sector that control almost the total food supply chain and market. The history lesson from the past, emerging and reemerging infectious disease including the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2002, Influenza A H1N1 (swine flu) in 2009, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in 2012 and the recent COVID-19 should give us some clue to improve especially the governance to be more ready for next coming pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyuk Ling Ma
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Biological Security and Sustainability Research Group (BIOSES), Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Wanxi Peng
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Chin Fhong Soon
- Biosensor and Bioengineering Laboratory, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology-Shamsuddin Research Centre, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Fairus Noor Hassim
- Biological Security and Sustainability Research Group (BIOSES), Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Misbah
- Biological Security and Sustainability Research Group (BIOSES), Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Zaidah Rahmat
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Wilson Thau Lym Yong
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
| | - Christian Sonne
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Danish Centre for Environment and Energy (DCE), Frederiksborgvej 399, POBox 358, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark.
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Zhivikj Z, Petreska Ivanovska T, Petrushevska-Tozi L. The relevance of nutrition as a step forward to combat COVID-19. MAKEDONSKO FARMACEVTSKI BILTEN 2021. [DOI: 10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2020.66.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A new type of single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the coronavirus’s family named SARS-CoV-2 has recently appeared, with fast-growing human to human transmissions. This virus has posed an important global health threat. Many nutrients can support the immune system and help in preventing or in ameliorating the response to viral infections. In the case of COVID-19, the unique pathophysiology of the coronavirus needs to be understood, in order to determine whether any potential nutrition intervention is indicated. A literature survey that comprised of ongoing research was conducted to evaluate the benefits of the bioactives present in food, such as: plant-derived extracts, vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and prebiotics, against the mechanisms of the COVID-19 infection. Although no food is yet confirmed to help in the prevention or in the treatment of the coronavirus transmission alone, exploring the possible implications of nutrition-infection interrelationships is of utmost importance. Well-designed and controlled clinical studies are emerging to explain whether the higher consumption of fruits, vegetables, protein-rich foods, unsaturated fatty acids, and other natural functional foods may aid in combating the COVID-19 infection. Meanwhile, a healthy and balanced diet is traditionally practised in viral infections that support the healthy gut microbiota profile. The human immune system function should be a vital prophylactic measure, along with adequate physical activities and sleeping habits. The consumption of immune-supportive nutrients is also encouraged in the elderly, comorbid, and in the immune-compromised as well as in malnourished individuals, in order to minimise the complications and the negative outcomes that are associated with the COVID-19 disease.
Keywords: COVID-19 nutrition, mаcronutrients, micronutrients, bioactive compounds, malnutrition
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Zhivikj
- Institute of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Mother Theresa 47, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Tanja Petreska Ivanovska
- Institute of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Mother Theresa 47, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Lidija Petrushevska-Tozi
- Institute of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Mother Theresa 47, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
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Lange KW. Food science and COVID-19. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2021; 10:1-5. [PMID: 38620884 PMCID: PMC7510640 DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Theories proposing a role of specific dietary components or food supplements in the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 have received extensive social media coverage. A multitude of scientific publications have also pointed to the importance of food and nutrition in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. The present perspective critically addresses the question of what food science can actually contribute in this context. Animal studies suggest that micronutrients, food bioactives or functional foods may carry the potential to augment viral defense. However, the specific roles of food components in viral infectious diseases in humans remain unclear. Rigorous research assessing the efficacy of food compounds in counteracting infections would require long-term randomized controlled trials in large samples. While no foods, single nutrients or dietary supplements are capable of preventing infection with COVID-19, a balanced diet containing sufficient amounts of macronutrients and diverse micronutrients is a prerequisite of an optimally functioning immune system. High-energy diets and obesity are major risk factors for a more severe course of COVID-19. Therefore, population-wide body weight control and weight reduction in overweight people are important preventive measures. Diet may play a beneficial role in maintaining a healthy body weight and preventing non-communicable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus W Lange
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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38
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Lange KW, Nakamura Y. Lifestyle factors in the prevention of COVID-19. GLOBAL HEALTH JOURNAL 2020; 4:146-152. [PMID: 33520339 PMCID: PMC7834031 DOI: 10.1016/j.glohj.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Confinement to the home and psychological distress due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may lead to harmful health behaviors, such as overeating, sedentary behavior with reduced physical activity, elevated alcohol and tobacco use and increased screen time causing impaired sleep. All of these behaviors are associated with non-communicable diseases and can interfere with immunity. While no foods, single nutrients or dietary supplements are capable of preventing infection with COVID-19, a balanced diet containing sufficient amounts of macronutrients and diverse micronutrients is a prerequisite of an optimally functioning immune system. High-energy "Western" diets and obesity are major risk factors for a more severe course of COVID-19. Alcohol use and tobacco also have detrimental effects on the immune system. Therefore, population-wide body weight control, reduction of smoking rates and limitation of alcohol consumption are important preventive measures. Furthermore, sufficient restorative sleep is needed for adequate immune functioning. Appropriate lifestyle changes in regard to nutrition, exercise, sleep, smoking and alcohol intake may help shift the population distribution of infection risk and aid in preventing severe COVID-19 disease. Large-scale surveys should explore the effects of lifestyle changes, and the provision of reliable lifestyle information and effective interventions to individuals and communities during the pandemic is a pressing need.
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Zhang Q, Wei Y, Chen M, Wan Q, Chen X. Clinical analysis of risk factors for severe COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2020; 34:107666. [PMID: 32636061 PMCID: PMC7323648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To describe characteristics of COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes and to analyze risk factors for severity. METHODS Demographics, comorbidities, symptoms, laboratory findings, treatments and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with diabetes were collected and analyzed. RESULTS Seventy-fourCOVID-19 patients with diabetes were included. Twenty-seven patients (36.5%) were severe and 10 patients (13.5%) died. Higher levels of blood glucose, serum amyloid A (SAA), C reactive protein and interleukin 6 were associated with severe patients compared to non-severe ones (P<0.05). Levels of albumin, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, small and dense low density lipoprotein and CD4+T lymphocyte counts in severe patients were lower than those in non-severe patients (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis identified decreased CD4+T lymphocyte counts (odds ratio [OR]=0.988, 95%Confidence interval [95%CI] 0.979-0.997) and increased SAA levels (OR=1.029, 95%CI 1.002-1.058) as risk factors for severity of COVID-19 with diabetes (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Type 2 diabetic patients were more susceptible to COVID-19 than overall population, which might be associated with hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. Aggressive treatment should be suggested, especially when these patients had low CD4+T lymphocyte counts and high SAA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanhong Wei
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianqian Wan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoqi Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Chaari A, Bendriss G, Zakaria D, McVeigh C. Importance of Dietary Changes During the Coronavirus Pandemic: How to Upgrade Your Immune Response. Front Public Health 2020; 8:476. [PMID: 32984253 PMCID: PMC7481450 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The new coronavirus pandemic continues to spread causing further public health, social, and economic issues. The disparities in the rates of death between countries poses questions about the importance of lifestyle habits and the immune status of populations. An exploration of dietary habits and COVID-19-related death might unravel associations between these two variables. Indeed, while both nutritional excess and deficiency are associated with immunodeficiency, adequate nutrition leading to an optimally functioning immune system may be associated with better outcomes with regards to preventing infection and complications of COVID-19, as well as developing a better immune response to other pathogenic viruses and microorganisms. This article outlines the key functions of the immune system and how macronutrients, micronutrients, and metabolites from the gut microbiome can be essential in the development of an efficient immune system. In addition, the effects of intermittent fasting on the inflammatory state as well as metabolic parameters will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Chaari
- Premedical Department, Weill Cornell Medicine, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
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Abstract
Gut microbiota are known to impact multiple organs including the lung. The cross talk between gut microbes and lungs, termed as the "gut-lung axis," is vital for immune response and homeostasis in the airways. In this chapter, we summarized the coordinated development of microorganisms in the gut and lung, exogenous and endogenous factors related to the cross talk, the mechanisms of the gut-lung axis and their dysbiosis in lung diseases. Although the current understanding of the gut-lung axis is in its infancy, several gut microbiota-associated strategies have been designed to treat and prevent lung diseases.
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Abstract
Currently Covid-19 pandemic is a leading challenge across the globe. It is mandatory to attain and maintain good nutritional status to fight against virus. Nutritional status of individual is affected by several factors such as age, sex, health status, life style and medications. Nutritional status of individuals has been used as resilience towards destabilization during this COVID-19 pandemic. Optimal nutrition and dietary nutrient intake impact the immune system, therefore the only sustainable way to survive in current context is to strengthen the immune system. There is no evidence found that supplement can cure the immune system except Vit C, which is one of the best way to improve immune system. A proper diet can ensure that the body is in proper state to defeat the virus. However along with the dietary management guidelines the food safety management and good food practices is compulsory. This article explores the importance of nutrition to boost immunity and gives some professional and authentic dietary guidelines about nutrition and food safety to withstand COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faseeha Aman
- Ms. Faseeha Aman, M.Phil. Human Nutrition & Dietetics, Clinical Nutritionist & Lecturer, Former Intern, Aga Khan University, Centre of advanced studies in health and Technology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Masood
- Sadia Masood, MBBS, FCPS, MHPE. FAIMER Fellow Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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43
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Nutrition amid the COVID-19 pandemic: a multi-level framework for action. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020; 74:1117-1121. [PMID: 32313188 PMCID: PMC7167535 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-0634-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Nibbering B, Ubags NDJ. Microbial interactions in the atopic march. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 199:12-23. [PMID: 31777060 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human body is populated by a large number of microorganisms and exist in symbiosis with these immensely diverse communities, which are suggested to influence health and disease. The microbiota plays an essential role in the maturation and function of the immune system. The prevalence of atopic diseases has increased drastically over the past decades, and the co-occurrence of multiple allergic diseases and allergic sensitization starting in early life has gained a great deal of attention. Immune responses in different organs affected by allergic diseases (e.g. skin, intestine and lung) may be linked to microbial changes in peripheral tissues. In the current review, we provide an overview of the current understanding of microbial interactions in allergic diseases and their potential role in the atopic march.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Nibbering
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Service de Pneumologie, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - N D J Ubags
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Service de Pneumologie, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Youseflu S, Jahanian Sadatmahalleh SH, Mottaghi A, Kazemnejad A. Dietary Phytoestrogen Intake and The Risk of Endometriosis in Iranian Women: A Case-Control Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2019; 13:296-300. [PMID: 31710190 PMCID: PMC6875851 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2020.5806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Endometriosis is an important gynecologic disease affecting reproductive-age women. Based on the
effect of phytoestrogens on inflammatory, immunological and hormonal factors, limited studies have suggested that
phytoestrogen consumption could probably modulate endometriosis risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the
relationship between phytoestrogen intake and endometriosis risk. Materials and Methods In the present case-control study, 78 women with a laparoscopically confirmed endome-
triosis and 78 normal pelvis women (as the control group), were recruited. Common dietary intake was recorded by a
validated 147-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Type of phytoestrogen in each dietary item
was analyzed by the database from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). A logistic regression model
was used to determine the association between phytoestrogen intake and endometriosis risk. Results Higher intake of total phytoestrogen (P-trend=0.01), total isoflavones (P-trend=0.002) specially formononetin
(P-trend=0.04) and glycitein (P-trend=0.04), total lignan (P-trend=0.01) specially secoisolariciresinol (P-trend=0.01)
and lariciresinol (P-trend=0.02) and matairesinol (P-trend=0.003), and total coumestrol [third quartile odds ratios
(OR): 0.38; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.15-0.96; P-trend=0.1] was related to reduced endometriosis risk. Among
food groups, only isoflavin (OR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.44-0.63), lignan (OR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.62-0.94), coumestrol (OR:
0.64; 95% CI: 0.51-0.99), phytoestrogen (OR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.38-0.83) in dairy products and coumestrol in fruits
(OR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.03-0.77) were negatively associated with endometriosis risk. Conclusion Phytoestrogens have a major impact on the level of hormones, and immune and inflammatory markers;
thus, it can play an important role in the control and prevention of many diseases. Due to the inflammatory nature of
endometriosis and the effect of hormones on the progression of the disease, the role of phytoestrogens consumption in
the progression and regression of the disease should be assessed in future works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Youseflu
- Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Hahideh Jahanian Sadatmahalleh
- Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Elevtronic Address:
| | - Azadeh Mottaghi
- Research Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anoshirvan Kazemnejad
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Goodwin AT, Singanayagam A, Jenkins G. Review of the British Thoracic Society Winter Meeting 2018, 5-7 December 2018, London, UK. Thorax 2019; 74:1168-1173. [PMID: 31383777 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2019-213680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Winter Meeting of the British Thoracic Society (BTS) is a platform for the latest clinical and scientific research in respiratory medicine. This review summarises some key symposia and presentations from the BTS Winter Meeting 2018. METHODS Key symposia and research presentations from the BTS Winter Meeting 2018 were attended and reviewed by the authors. RESULTS The seminal messages from the latest clinical and scientific research covering a range of respiratory diseases, including asthma, interstitial lung disease, infection, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary vascular disease, pleural disease and occupational lung disease were summarised in this review. DISCUSSION The BTS Winter Meeting 2018 brought the very best of respiratory research to an audience of scientists, physicians, nurses and allied health professionals. The Winter Meeting continues to be a highlight of the UK respiratory research calendar, and we look forward to the next meeting in December 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda T Goodwin
- Nottingham NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Aran Singanayagam
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, London, UK
| | - Gisli Jenkins
- Nottingham NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Dang AT, Marsland BJ. Microbes, metabolites, and the gut-lung axis. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:843-850. [PMID: 30976087 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0160-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 508] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The microbiota plays an essential role in the education, development, and function of the immune system, both locally and systemically. Emerging experimental and epidemiological evidence highlights a crucial cross-talk between the intestinal microbiota and the lungs, termed the 'gut-lung axis'. Changes in the constituents of the gut microbiome, through either diet, disease or medical interventions (such as antibiotics) is linked with altered immune responses and homeostasis in the airways. The importance of the gut-lung axis has become more evident following the identification of several gut microbe-derived components and metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), as key mediators for setting the tone of the immune system. Recent studies have supported a role for SCFAs in influencing hematopoietic precursors in the bone marrow-a major site of innate and adaptive immune cell development. Here, we review the current understanding of host-microbe cross-talk along the gut-lung axis. We highlight the importance of SCFAs in shaping and promoting bone marrow hematopoiesis to resolve airway inflammation and to support a healthy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Thu Dang
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Marsland
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
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Oliveira-de-Souza D, Vinhaes CL, Arriaga MB, Kumar NP, Cubillos-Angulo JM, Shi R, Wei W, Yuan X, Zhang G, Cai Y, Barry CE, Via LE, Sher A, Babu S, Mayer-Barber KD, Nakaya HI, Fukutani KF, Andrade BB. Molecular degree of perturbation of plasma inflammatory markers associated with tuberculosis reveals distinct disease profiles between Indian and Chinese populations. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8002. [PMID: 31142816 PMCID: PMC6541651 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44513-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection which causes tremendous morbidity and mortality worldwide. Clinical presentation of TB patients is very diverse and disease heterogeneity is associated with changes in biomarker signatures. Here, we compared at the molecular level the extent of individual inflammatory perturbation of plasma protein and lipid mediators associated with TB in patients in China versus India. We performed a cross-sectional study analyzing the overall degree of inflammatory perturbation in treatment-naïve pulmonary TB patients and uninfected individuals from India (TB: n = 97, healthy: n = 20) and China (TB: n = 100, healthy: n = 11). We employed the molecular degree of perturbation (MDP) adapted to plasma biomarkers to examine the overall changes in inflammation between these countries. M. tuberculosis infection caused a significant degree of molecular perturbation in patients from both countries, with higher perturbation detected in India. Interestingly, there were differences in biomarker perturbation patterns and the overall degree of inflammation. Patients with severe TB exhibited increased MDP values and Indian patients with this condition exhibited even higher degree of perturbation compared to Chinese patients. Network analyses identified IFN-α, IFN-β, IL-1RI and TNF-α as combined biomarkers that account for the overall molecular perturbation in the entire study population. Our results delineate the magnitude of the systemic inflammatory perturbation in pulmonary TB and reveal qualitative changes in inflammatory profiles between two countries with high disease prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deivide Oliveira-de-Souza
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, 40296-710, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Fundação José Silveira, Salvador, 40210-320, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências (FTC), Salvador, 40290-150, Brazil
| | - Caian L Vinhaes
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, 40296-710, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Fundação José Silveira, Salvador, 40210-320, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências (FTC), Salvador, 40290-150, Brazil
| | - Maria B Arriaga
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, 40296-710, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Fundação José Silveira, Salvador, 40210-320, Brazil
| | - Nathella Pavan Kumar
- National Institutes of Health- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, 600031, India
| | - Juan M Cubillos-Angulo
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, 40296-710, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Fundação José Silveira, Salvador, 40210-320, Brazil
| | - Ruiru Shi
- Henan Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Wang Wei
- Henan Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Xing Yuan
- Henan Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Guolong Zhang
- Sino-US International Research Center for Tuberculosis, and Henan Public Health Center, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Ying Cai
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, 20892, USA
| | - Clifton E Barry
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, 20892, USA
| | - Laura E Via
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, 20892, USA
| | - Alan Sher
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, 20892, USA
| | - Subash Babu
- National Institutes of Health- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, 600031, India
| | - Katrin D Mayer-Barber
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, 20892, USA
| | - Helder I Nakaya
- Department of Pathophysiology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508, Brazil
| | - Kiyoshi F Fukutani
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, 40296-710, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Fundação José Silveira, Salvador, 40210-320, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências (FTC), Salvador, 40290-150, Brazil
| | - Bruno B Andrade
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, 40296-710, Brazil.
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Fundação José Silveira, Salvador, 40210-320, Brazil.
- Curso de Medicina, Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências (FTC), Salvador, 40290-150, Brazil.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), Laureate Universities, Salvador, 41720-200, Brazil.
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Suárez ME. Medicines in the forest: Ethnobotany of wild medicinal plants in the pharmacopeia of the Wichí people of Salta province (Argentina). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 231:525-544. [PMID: 30414441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE This article presents the results of a study on wild plant pharmacopeia and medical ethnobotany of the Wichí people of the South American Gran Chaco region, where native forest still persist. Few previous works on the former subjects exist, with only partial information. Traditionally, shamans are in charge of healing serious diseases and wild plants are used for treating minor problems. Some ethnobotanists believe that much of the present pharmacopeia of native peoples of the Gran Chaco comes from the Criollos (local non-native people) and that medicinal plants and uses would have been much fewer in the past. AIMS OF THE STUDY The study aims to: a) document the wild medicinal plants used by the Wichís and the associated ethnobotanical knowledge, b) discuss the use of medicinal plants in the current sanitary, epidemiological and ethnomedical context of the Wichís, and c) analyse the similarities between the medicinal plants and uses of the Wichís and those reported for the Criollos of the study area, for the We'enhayek (Wichís of Bolivia) and for other indigenous peoples of the Gran Chaco. All of them will help to answer a general research question: are medicinal wild plants of the Wichís present pharmacopoeia long-dated or are they relatively new adquisitions? MATERIALS AND METHODS Original data were obtained between 2005 and 2017 from 51 informants through open and semi-structured interviews, participant observation, "walks-through-the-forest" technique and gathering of plant vouchers. Consensus of Use (CU) per species, use, ailment and use-category were calculated. Species and uses of the Wichís and those reported for other groups of the region were compared confronting the data, a similarity index (Sorensen) was calculated and a cluster analysis was carried out. An interpretative analysis of the results was performed. RESULTS Original data consist of 408 applications for which 115 plants of 48 botanical families are used for treating 68 ailments or symptoms. Species are mainly used for treating prevalent health disorders in Wichí epidemiological context (skin and digestive disorders, fever, respiratory affections) and feminine issues. CONCLUSIONS The similarity of the current Wichí pharmacopoeia with the other ethnic groups of the region seem to respond more to a geographical proximity than to cultural affinity. Much (but not all) of their pharmacopoeia seem to be novel, resulting from a permanent seek for solutions to both old and new health problems in the native forests. Many medicinal plants, but not specific uses, seem to come from the neighbouring Criollos, whilst traditional remedies seem to be simultaneously preserved. Hence, I propose that the ethnobotanical "diversification hypothesis", slightly modified, applies in the case of wild medicinal plants of the Wichís, as new wild medicines are being added to the old ones to fill therapeutic vacancies that for several sociocultural and historical reasons appear in their traditional pharmacopoeia. Altogether, results provide novel information of interest for ethnopharmacology, medical ethnobotany and related disciplines, expand the knowledge of Wichí pharmacopoeia and constitute a baseline for future diachronic and cross-cultural studies in the Gran Chaco region.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Suárez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Grupo de Etnobiología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Micología y Botánica (INMIBO) - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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50
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Lieberman JA, Greenhawt M, Nowak-Wegrzyn A. The environment and food allergy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018; 120:455-457. [PMID: 29410214 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jay Adam Lieberman
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, LeBonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Matthew Greenhawt
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Food Challenge and Research Unit, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Anna Nowak-Wegrzyn
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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