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Jin X, Yang S, Lu X, Chen X, Dai W. Increased expression of REG3A promotes tumorigenic behavior in triple negative breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res 2024; 26:92. [PMID: 38840145 PMCID: PMC11151570 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-024-01845-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying new targets in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains critical. REG3A (regenerating islet-derived protein 3 A), a calcium-dependent lectin protein, was thoroughly investigated for its expression and functions in breast cancer. METHODS Bioinformatics and local tissue analyses were employed to identify REG3A expression in breast cancer. Genetic techniques were employed to modify REG3A expression, and the resulting effects on the behaviors of breast cancer cells were examined. Subcutaneous xenograft models were established to investigate the involvement of REG3A in the in vivo growth of breast cancer cells. RESULTS Analysis of the TCGA database uncovered increased REG3A levels in human breast cancer tissues. Additionally, REG3A mRNA and protein levels were elevated in TNBC tissues of locally treated patients, contrasting with low expression in adjacent normal tissues. In primary human TNBC cells REG3A shRNA notably hindered cell proliferation, migration, and invasion while triggering caspase-mediated apoptosis. Similarly, employing CRISPR-sgRNA for REG3A knockout showed significant anti-TNBC cell activity. Conversely, REG3A overexpression bolstered cell proliferation and migration. REG3A proved crucial for activating the Akt-mTOR cascade, as evidenced by decreased Akt-S6K1 phosphorylation upon REG3A silencing or knockout, which was reversed by REG3A overexpression. A constitutively active mutant S473D Akt1 (caAkt1) restored Akt-mTOR activation and counteracted the proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induced by REG3A knockdown in breast cancer cells. Crucially, REG3A played a key role in maintaining mTOR complex integrity. Bioinformatics identified zinc finger protein 680 (ZNF680) as a potential REG3A transcription factor. Knocking down or knocking out ZNF680 reduced REG3A expression, while its overexpression increased it in primary breast cancer cells. Additionally, enhanced binding between ZNF680 protein and the REG3A promoter was observed in breast cancer tissues and cells. In vivo, REG3A shRNA significantly inhibited primary TNBC cell xenograft growth. In REG3A-silenced xenograft tissues, reduced REG3A levels, Akt-mTOR inhibition, and activated apoptosis were evident. CONCLUSION ZNF680-caused REG3A overexpression drives tumorigenesis in breast cancer possibly by stimulating Akt-mTOR activation, emerging as a promising and innovative cancer target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Jin
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, No.30 North Tongyang Road, Pingchao, Nantong, 226361, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuyun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, No.30 North Tongyang Road, Pingchao, Nantong, 226361, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyun Lu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, No.30 North Tongyang Road, Pingchao, Nantong, 226361, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xudong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, No.30 North Tongyang Road, Pingchao, Nantong, 226361, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wencheng Dai
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, No.30 North Tongyang Road, Pingchao, Nantong, 226361, Jiangsu, China.
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肖 红, 韩 保, 郭 家, 吴 超, 吴 敬. [HTD4010 attenuates myocardial injury in mice with septic cardiomyopathy by promoting autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2024; 44:507-514. [PMID: 38597442 PMCID: PMC11006686 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2024.03.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effects of HTD4010 against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced septic cardiomyopathy (SCM) in mice and explore the mechanisms mediating its effect. METHODS Forty-five male ICR mice were randomized equally into control group, LPS (10 mg/kg) group, and LPS+HTD4010 group (in which 2.5 mg/kg HTD4010 was injected subcutaneously at 1 h and 6 h after LPS injection). Cardiac function of the mice was evaluated by ultrasound, and pathological changes in the myocardial tissues were observed with HE staining. The levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in serum and myocardial tissues were detected using ELISA, and apoptosis of the cardiomyocytes was detected with TUNEL staining. The expression levels of the key proteins associated with apoptosis, autophagy and the AMPK/mTOR pathway in the myocardial tissues were detected using Western blotting. The ultrastructural changes of cardiac myocardial mitochondria was observed with transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS LPS exposure caused severe myocardial damage in mice, characterized by myocardial fiber rupture, structural disorder, inflammatory cell infiltration, and mitochondrial damage. The LPS-treated mice exhibited significantly decreased cardiac LVEF and FS values, elevated IL-6 and TNF-αlevels in serum and myocardial tissue, and an increased myocardial cell apoptosis rate with enhanced expressions of Bax, p-62 and p-mTOR and lowered expressions of Bcl-2, LC3 II/I, Beclin-1 and p-AMPK (P < 0.05 or 0.01). Treatment of the septic mice with HTD4010 significantly alleviated myocardial damage, increased LVEF and FS values, reduced IL-6 and TNF-α levels in serum and myocardial tissue, decreased cardiomyocyte apoptosis, lowered myocardial expressions of Bax, p-62 and p-mTOR, and increased Bcl-2, LC3 II/I, Beclin-1 and p-AMPK expressions (P < 0.05 or 0.01). CONCLUSION HTD4010 can attenuate myocardial injury in SCM mice possibly by promoting autophagy via modulating the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- 红敏 肖
- 皖南医学院第一附属医院急诊科,安徽 芜湖 241002Department of Emergency Medicine of First Affiliated Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - 保松 韩
- 皖南医学院第一附属医院急诊科,安徽 芜湖 241002Department of Emergency Medicine of First Affiliated Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - 家成 郭
- 皖南医学院病理生理学教研室,安徽 芜湖 241002Department of Pathophysiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - 超 吴
- 皖南医学院病理生理学教研室,安徽 芜湖 241002Department of Pathophysiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - 敬医 吴
- 皖南医学院第一附属医院急诊科,安徽 芜湖 241002Department of Emergency Medicine of First Affiliated Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
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Sahayasheela VJ, Sugiyama H. RNA G-quadruplex in functional regulation of noncoding RNA: Challenges and emerging opportunities. Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:53-70. [PMID: 37909035 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
G-quadruplexes (G4s) are stable, noncanonical structures formed in guanine (G)-rich sequences of DNA/RNA. G4 structures are reported to play a regulatory role in various cellular processes and, recently, a considerable number of studies have attributed new biological functions to these structures, especially in RNA. Noncoding RNA (ncRNA), which does not translate into a functional protein, is widely expressed and has been shown to play a key role in shaping cellular activity. There has been growing evidence of G4 formation in several ncRNA classes, and it has been identified as a key part for diverse biological functions and physio-pathological contexts in neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. This review discusses RNA G4s (rG4s) in ncRNA, focusing on the molecular mechanism underlying its function. This review also aims to highlight potential and emerging opportunities to identify and target the rG4s in ncRNA to understand its function and, ultimately, treat many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinodh J Sahayasheela
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Ushinomaecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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4
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Li WS, Chen TJ, Lee SW, Yang CC, Tian YF, Kuo YH, Tsai HH, Wu LC, Yeh CF, Shiue YL, Chou CL, Lai HY. REG3A overexpression functions as a negative predictive and prognostic biomarker in rectal cancer patients receiving CCRT. Histol Histopathol 2024; 39:91-104. [PMID: 37042618 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is suggested before resection surgery in the control of rectal cancer. Unfortunately, treatment outcomes are widely variable and highly patient-specific. Notably, rectal cancer patients with distant metastasis generally have a much lower survival rate. Accordingly, a better understanding of the genetic background of patient cohorts can aid in predicting CCRT efficacy and clinical outcomes for rectal cancer before distant metastasis. METHODS A published transcriptome dataset (GSE35452) (n=46) was utilized to distinguish prospective genes concerning the response to CCRT. We recruited 172 rectal cancer patients, and the samples were collected during surgical resection after CCRT. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed to evaluate the expression level of regenerating family member 3 alpha (REG3A). Pearson's chi-squared test appraised the relevance of REG3A protein expression to clinicopathological parameters. The Kaplan-Meier method was utilized to generate survival curves, and the log-rank test was performed to compare the survival distributions between two given groups. RESULTS Employing a transcriptome dataset (GSE35452) and focusing on the inflammatory response (GO: 0006954), we recognized that REG3A is the most significantly upregulated gene among CCRT nonresponders (log2 ratio=1.2472, p=0.0079). Following IHC validation, high immunoexpression of REG3A was considerably linked to advanced post-CCRT tumor status (p<0.001), post-CCRT lymph node metastasis (p=0.042), vascular invasion (p=0.028), and low-grade tumor regression (p=0.009). In the multivariate analysis, high immunoexpression of REG3A was independently correlated with poor disease-specific survival (DSS) (p=0.004) and metastasis-free survival (MeFS) (p=0.045). The results of the bioinformatic analysis also supported the idea that REG3A overexpression is implicated in rectal carcinogenesis. CONCLUSION In the current study, we demonstrated that REG3A overexpression is correlated with poor CCRT effectiveness and inferior patient survival in rectal cancer. The predictive and prognostic utility of REG3A expression may direct patient stratification and decision-making more accurately for those patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Shan Li
- Department of Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ju Chen
- Department of Medical Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Wei Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chieh Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Tian
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Kuo
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- College of Pharmacy and Science, Chia Nan University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hwa Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Trans-Omic Laboratory for Precision Medicine, Precision Medicine Center, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ching Wu
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Trans-Omic Laboratory for Precision Medicine, Precision Medicine Center, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fa Yeh
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Environment Engineering and Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yow-Ling Shiue
- Institute of Precision Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Chou
- Department of Medical Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Hong-Yue Lai
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Trans-Omic Laboratory for Precision Medicine, Precision Medicine Center, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Jang KK, Heaney T, London M, Ding Y, Putzel G, Yeung F, Ercelen D, Chen YH, Axelrad J, Gurunathan S, Zhou C, Podkowik M, Arguelles N, Srivastava A, Shopsin B, Torres VJ, Keestra-Gounder AM, Pironti A, Griffin ME, Hang HC, Cadwell K. Antimicrobial overproduction sustains intestinal inflammation by inhibiting Enterococcus colonization. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:1450-1468.e8. [PMID: 37652008 PMCID: PMC10502928 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Loss of antimicrobial proteins such as REG3 family members compromises the integrity of the intestinal barrier. Here, we demonstrate that overproduction of REG3 proteins can also be detrimental by reducing a protective species in the microbiota. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) experiencing flares displayed heightened levels of secreted REG3 proteins that mediated depletion of Enterococcus faecium (Efm) from the gut microbiota. Efm inoculation of mice ameliorated intestinal inflammation through activation of the innate immune receptor NOD2, which was associated with the bacterial DL-endopeptidase SagA that generates NOD2-stimulating muropeptides. NOD2 activation in myeloid cells induced interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secretion to increase the proportion of IL-22-producing CD4+ T helper cells and innate lymphoid cells that promote tissue repair. Finally, Efm was unable to protect mice carrying a NOD2 gene variant commonly found in IBD patients. Our findings demonstrate that inflammation self-perpetuates by causing aberrant antimicrobial activity that disrupts symbiotic relationships with gut microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Ku Jang
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Thomas Heaney
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Mariya London
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Geisinger Health, Danville, PA 17822, USA
| | - Gregory Putzel
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Frank Yeung
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Defne Ercelen
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ying-Han Chen
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jordan Axelrad
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sakteesh Gurunathan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Chaoting Zhou
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Magdalena Podkowik
- Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Natalia Arguelles
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Anusha Srivastava
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Bo Shopsin
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Victor J Torres
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - A Marijke Keestra-Gounder
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Alejandro Pironti
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Matthew E Griffin
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Howard C Hang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ken Cadwell
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Gonzalez P, Dos Santos A, Darnaud M, Moniaux N, Rapoud D, Lacoste C, Nguyen TS, Moullé VS, Deshayes A, Amouyal G, Amouyal P, Bréchot C, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Andréelli F, Magnan C, Faivre J. Antimicrobial protein REG3A regulates glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance in obese diabetic mice. Commun Biol 2023; 6:269. [PMID: 36918710 PMCID: PMC10015038 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04616-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immune mediators of pathogen clearance, including the secreted C-type lectins REG3 of the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) family, are known to be involved in the regulation of tissue repair and homeostasis. Their role in metabolic homeostasis remains unknown. Here we show that an increase in human REG3A improves glucose and lipid homeostasis in nutritional and genetic mouse models of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Mice overexpressing REG3A in the liver show improved glucose homeostasis, which is reflected in better insulin sensitivity in normal weight and obese states. Delivery of recombinant REG3A protein to leptin-deficient ob/ob mice or wild-type mice on a high-fat diet also improves glucose homeostasis. This is accompanied by reduced oxidative protein damage, increased AMPK phosphorylation and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle tissue. Oxidative damage in differentiated C2C12 myotubes is greatly attenuated by REG3A, as is the increase in gp130-mediated AMPK activation. In contrast, Akt-mediated insulin action, which is impaired by oxidative stress, is not restored by REG3A. These data highlight the importance of REG3A in controlling oxidative protein damage involved in energy and metabolic pathways during obesity and diabetes, and provide additional insight into the dual function of host-immune defense and metabolic regulation for AMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Gonzalez
- INSERM, U1193, Paul-Brousse University Hospital, Hepatobiliary Centre, Villejuif, 94800, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 94270, France
| | - Alexandre Dos Santos
- INSERM, U1193, Paul-Brousse University Hospital, Hepatobiliary Centre, Villejuif, 94800, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 94270, France
| | - Marion Darnaud
- INSERM, U1193, Paul-Brousse University Hospital, Hepatobiliary Centre, Villejuif, 94800, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 94270, France
| | - Nicolas Moniaux
- INSERM, U1193, Paul-Brousse University Hospital, Hepatobiliary Centre, Villejuif, 94800, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 94270, France
| | - Delphine Rapoud
- INSERM, U1193, Paul-Brousse University Hospital, Hepatobiliary Centre, Villejuif, 94800, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 94270, France
| | - Claire Lacoste
- INSERM, U1193, Paul-Brousse University Hospital, Hepatobiliary Centre, Villejuif, 94800, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 94270, France
| | - Tung-Son Nguyen
- INSERM, U1193, Paul-Brousse University Hospital, Hepatobiliary Centre, Villejuif, 94800, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 94270, France
| | - Valentine S Moullé
- Université of Paris, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Alice Deshayes
- INSERM, U1193, Paul-Brousse University Hospital, Hepatobiliary Centre, Villejuif, 94800, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 94270, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Fabrizio Andréelli
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, NutriOmics team, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Christophe Magnan
- Université of Paris, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Jamila Faivre
- INSERM, U1193, Paul-Brousse University Hospital, Hepatobiliary Centre, Villejuif, 94800, France.
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 94270, France.
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP). Université Paris Saclay, Medical-University Department (DMU) Biology, Genetics, Pharmacy, Paul-Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, 94800, France.
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7
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A Pilot Study on Human Circulating System Indicated That Regenerating Islet-Derived Protein 3 Gamma (REG3A) is a Potential Prognostic Biomarker for Sepsis. Am J Cardiol 2023; 190:90-95. [PMID: 36571936 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2022.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
It is critical to find fast and robust biomarkers for sepsis to reduce the patient's risk for morbidity and mortality. In this work, we compared serum protein expression levels of regenerating islet-derived protein 3 gamma (REG3A) between patients with sepsis and healthy controls and found that serum REG3A protein was significantly elevated in patients with sepsis. In addition, expression level of serum REG3A protein was markedly correlated with the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, and C-reactive protein levels of patients with sepsis. Serum REG3A protein expression level was also confirmed to have good diagnostic value to differentiate patients with sepsis from healthy controls. Finally, serum REG3A protein expression level was found to have good prognostic value to predict the 28-day survival rate of patients with sepsis. In conclusion, our work indicated that serum REG3A may be a novel biomarker for sepsis.
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8
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Son J, Du W, Esposito M, Shariati K, Ding H, Kang Y, Accili D. Genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of ALDH1A3 as a treatment of β-cell failure. Nat Commun 2023; 14:558. [PMID: 36732513 PMCID: PMC9895451 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36315-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with β-cell dedifferentiation. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 isoform A3 (ALHD1A3) is a marker of β-cell dedifferentiation and correlates with T2D progression. However, it is unknown whether ALDH1A3 activity contributes to β-cell failure, and whether the decrease of ALDH1A3-positive β-cells (A+) following pair-feeding of diabetic animals is due to β-cell restoration. To tackle these questions, we (i) investigated the fate of A+ cells during pair-feeding by lineage-tracing, (ii) somatically ablated ALDH1A3 in diabetic β-cells, and (iii) used a novel selective ALDH1A3 inhibitor to treat diabetes. Lineage tracing and functional characterization show that A+ cells can be reconverted to functional, mature β-cells. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of ALDH1A3 in diabetic mice lowers glycemia and increases insulin secretion. Characterization of β-cells following ALDH1A3 inhibition shows reactivation of differentiation as well as regeneration pathways. We conclude that ALDH1A3 inhibition offers a therapeutic strategy against β-cell dysfunction in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsook Son
- Department of Medicine and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Wen Du
- Department of Medicine and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Mark Esposito
- Kayothera Inc, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, 08544, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Kaavian Shariati
- Department of Medicine and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Hongxu Ding
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Yibin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, 08544, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Domenico Accili
- Department of Medicine and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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Jang KK, Heaney T, London M, Ding Y, Yeung F, Ercelen D, Chen YH, Axelrad J, Gurunathan S, Marijke Keestra-Gounder A, Griffin ME, Hang HC, Cadwell K. Antimicrobial overproduction sustains intestinal inflammation by inhibiting Enterococcus colonization. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.29.526128. [PMID: 36778381 PMCID: PMC9915521 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.29.526128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Loss of antimicrobial proteins such as REG3 family members compromises the integrity of the intestinal barrier. Here, we demonstrate that overproduction of REG3 proteins can also be detrimental by reducing a protective species in the microbiota. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) experiencing flares displayed heightened levels of secreted REG3 proteins that mediated depletion of Enterococcus faecium ( Efm ) from the gut microbiota. Efm inoculation of mice ameliorated intestinal inflammation through activation of the innate immune receptor NOD2, which was associated with the bacterial DL-endopeptidase SagA. Microbiota sensing by NOD2 in myeloid cells mediated IL-1β secretion and increased the proportion of IL-22-producing CD4 + T helper cells and innate lymphoid cells. Finally, Efm was unable to protect mice carrying a NOD2 gene variant commonly found in IBD patients. Our findings demonstrate that inflammation self-perpetuates by causing aberrant antimicrobial activity that disrupts symbiotic relationships with gut microbes.
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10
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Hong HJ, Joung KH, Kim YK, Choi MJ, Kang SG, Kim JT, Kang YE, Chang JY, Moon JH, Jun S, Ro HJ, Lee Y, Kim H, Park JH, Kang BE, Jo Y, Choi H, Ryu D, Lee CH, Kim H, Park KS, Kim HJ, Shong M. Mitoribosome insufficiency in β cells is associated with type 2 diabetes-like islet failure. EXPERIMENTAL & MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2022; 54:932-945. [PMID: 35804190 PMCID: PMC9355985 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00797-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variations in mitoribosomal subunits and mitochondrial transcription factors are related to type 2 diabetes. However, the role of islet mitoribosomes in the development of type 2 diabetes has not been determined. We investigated the effects of the mitoribosomal gene on β-cell function and glucose homeostasis. Mitoribosomal gene expression was analyzed in datasets from the NCBI GEO website (GSE25724, GSE76894, and GSE76895) and the European Nucleotide Archive (ERP017126), which contain the transcriptomes of type 2 diabetic and nondiabetic organ donors. We found deregulation of most mitoribosomal genes in islets from individuals with type 2 diabetes, including partial downregulation of CRIF1. The phenotypes of haploinsufficiency in a single mitoribosomal gene were examined using β-cell-specific Crif1 (Mrpl59) heterozygous-deficient mice. Crif1beta+/− mice had normal glucose tolerance, but their islets showed a loss of first-phase glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. They also showed increased β-cell mass associated with higher expression of Reg family genes. However, Crif1beta+/− mice showed earlier islet failure in response to high-fat feeding, which was exacerbated by aging. Haploinsufficiency of a single mitoribosomal gene predisposes rodents to glucose intolerance, which resembles the early stages of type 2 diabetes in humans. Disruptions in the mitochondrial protein synthesis machinery give rise to metabolic disturbances that lay the foundation for type 2 diabetes. As physiological glucose levels rise, the energy-generating machinery of the mitochondria responds with increased activity, which stimulates insulin secretion. Many proteins responsible for mitochondrial metabolism are produced by ribosomes within this cellular organelle. Researchers led by Hyun Jin Kim and Minho Shong at Chungnam National University, Daejon, South Korea, have determined that mutations affecting a mitochondrial ribosomal protein called CRIF1 can lead to impaired insulin release. Mice with reduced CRIF1 were initially healthy, but as they aged, exhibited signs of impaired pancreatic function similar to those seen in patients with early-stage diabetes. This process was accelerated by consumption of a high-fat diet, and the researchers propose that this mechanism may be directly relevant to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Hong
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Kyong Hye Joung
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Yong Kyung Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Min Jeong Choi
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Seul Gi Kang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Jung Tae Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Yea Eun Kang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Joon Young Chang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Joon Ho Moon
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Sangmi Jun
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, 28119, Korea.,Convergent Research Center for Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Korea
| | - Hyun-Joo Ro
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, 28119, Korea.,Convergent Research Center for Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Korea
| | - Yujeong Lee
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, 28119, Korea.,Convergent Research Center for Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Korea
| | - Hyeongseok Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyung Park
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, 704-200, Korea
| | - Baeki E Kang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Yunju Jo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Heejung Choi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Dongryeol Ryu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Korea.,Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea.,Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Animal Model Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Hail Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Kyu-Sang Park
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, 26426, Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.
| | - Minho Shong
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea. .,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.
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11
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Li S, Xie K. Ductal metaplasia in pancreas. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188698. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Sands M, Frank JA, Maglinger B, McLouth CJ, Trout AL, Turchan-Cholewo J, Stowe AM, Fraser JF, Pennypacker KR. Antimicrobial protein REG3A and signaling networks are predictive of stroke outcomes. J Neurochem 2022; 160:100-112. [PMID: 34558059 PMCID: PMC8716419 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Regenerating Family Member 3 Alpha (REG3A) is a multifunctional protein with antimicrobial activity, and primarily secreted by the intestine and pancreas. Studies have shown an increased expression of REG3A in systemic inflammatory responses to acute injury and infection, but studies investigating REG3A during the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke are limited. The aims of this study were to examine the associations between arterial expression of REG3A and other arterial inflammatory proteins implicated in stroke pathogenesis, as well as associations between REG3A and markers of poor outcome for ischemic stroke. The University of Kentucky Blood and Clot Thrombectomy Registry and Collaboration (BACTRAC) protocol (clinicaltrials.gov NCT03153683) utilizes thrombectomy to isolate intracranial arterial blood (i.e. distal to thrombus) and systemic arterial blood (i.e. carotid). Samples were analyzed by Olink Proteomics for N = 42 subjects. Statistical analyses of plasma proteins included 2-sample t-tests, spearman and biserial correlations, and robust regression models to elucidate network signaling and association to clinical outcomes. Results indicated that levels of systemic REG3A were positively correlated with inflammatory proteins interleukin IL6 (R = 0.344, p = 0.030) and IL17C (R = 0.468, p = 0.002). 2-sided t- tests examining differences of systemic REG3A within quartiles of NIHSS admission score depicted significant differences between quartiles. Those with NIHSS scores corresponding to moderate and moderate-severe neurofunctional deficits had significantly higher levels of systemic REG3A compared to those with NIHSS scores corresponding to mild and mild-moderate neurofunctional deficits (p = 0.016). STRING analyses of proteins in each robust regression model demonstrated substantial networking between REG3A and other systemic proteins highly relevant to ischemic stroke. The present study provides novel data on systemic REG3A in the context of ischemic stroke. These results demonstrate the influential role of REG3A regarding surrogate functional and radiographic outcomes of stroke severity. Additionally, they provide novel insight into the role of REG3A and related proteins during the complex neuroinflammatory process of ischemic stroke. These data provide a foundation for future studies to investigate REG3A and related networking proteins as potential biomarkers with prognostic potential, as well as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Sands
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jacqueline A. Frank
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA,Center for Advanced Translational Stroke Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Benton Maglinger
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | | | - Amanda L. Trout
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA,Center for Advanced Translational Stroke Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jadwiga Turchan-Cholewo
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA,Center for Advanced Translational Stroke Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Ann M. Stowe
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA,Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA,Center for Advanced Translational Stroke Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Justin F. Fraser
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA,Department of Radiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA,Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA,Center for Advanced Translational Stroke Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Keith R. Pennypacker
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA,Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA,Center for Advanced Translational Stroke Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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13
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Wang L, Quan Y, Zhu Y, Xie X, Wang Z, Wang L, Wei X, Che F. The regenerating protein 3A: a crucial molecular with dual roles in cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:1491-1500. [PMID: 34811636 PMCID: PMC8825409 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06904-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction REG3A, a member of the third subclass of the Reg family, has been found in a variety of tissues but is not detected in immune cells. In the past decade, it has been determined that REG3A expression is regulated by injury, infection, inflammatory stimuli, and pro-cytokines via different signaling pathways, and it acts as a tissue-repair, bactericidal, and anti-inflammatory molecule in human diseases. Recently, the role of REG3A in cancer has received increasing attention. The present article aims to investigate the structure, expression, regulation, function of REG3A, and to highlight the potential role of REG3A in tumors. Methods A detailed literature search and data organization were conducted to find information about the role of REG3A in variety of physiological functions and tumors. Results Contradictory roles of REG3A have been reported in different tumor models. Some studies have demonstrated that high expression of REG3A in cancers can be oncogenic. Other studies have shown decreased REG3A expression in cancer cells as well as suppressed tumor growth. Conclusions Taken together, better understanding of REG3A may lead to new insights that make it a potentially useful target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Wang
- Department of Clinlical Medicine, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, China.,Department of Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Yanchun Quan
- Central Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China. .,Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China.
| | - Yanxi Zhu
- Central Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoli Xie
- Central Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Central Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Long Wang
- Central Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Xiuhong Wei
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Fengyuan Che
- Department of Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China. .,Central Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China. .,Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China.
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14
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Frontino G, Stancampiano MR, Aiuti A. Potentialities of Gene Therapy in Pediatric Endocrinology. Horm Res Paediatr 2021; 96:646-657. [PMID: 34801996 DOI: 10.1159/000520965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy has become an appealing therapeutic option in many pediatric fields, including endocrinology. Unlike traditional drugs based on molecules that require repeated and frequent burdensome administrations, a single genetic therapeutic intervention may allow durable and curative clinical benefits. Although this highly innovative technology holds a great promise for the treatment of monogenic diseases, its clinical applications in the field of endocrinology have been so far challenging. In this review, we will discuss various ex vivo and in vivo approaches and potential applications of gene addition and gene editing approaches for treating hyperfunctional and hypofunctional endocrine diseases due to intrinsic defects or autoimmune origin. We will focus on the recent advances in gene therapy approaches aimed at treating type 1 diabetes and monogenic forms of endocrinopathies such as growth hormone deficiency, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, diabetes insipidus, IPEX, as well as their trends and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Frontino
- Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Aiuti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Immunohematology Unit and BMT Program, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Immunohematology Unit, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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15
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The Potential Role of REG Family Proteins in Inflammatory and Inflammation-Associated Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137196. [PMID: 34281249 PMCID: PMC8268738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerating gene (REG) family proteins serve as multifunctional secretory molecules with trophic, antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and probably immuno-regulatory effects. Since their discovery, accumulating evidence has clarified the potential roles of the REG family in the occurrence, progression and development of a wide range of inflammatory and inflammation-associated diseases of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. However, significant gaps still exist due to the undefined nature of certain receptors, regulatory signaling pathways and possible interactions among distinct Reg members. In this narrative review, we first describe the structural features, distribution pattern and purported regulatory mechanisms of REG family proteins. Furthermore, we summarize the established and proposed roles of REG proteins in the pathogenesis of various inflammation-associated pathologies of the GI tract and the body as a whole, focusing particularly on carcinogenesis in the ulcerative colitis—colitic cancer sequence and gastric cancer. Finally, the clinical relevance of REG products in the context of diagnosis, treatment and prognostication are also discussed in detail. The current evidence suggests a need to better understanding the versatile roles of Reg family proteins in the pathogenesis of inflammatory-associated diseases, and their broadened future usage as therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers is anticipated.
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16
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Zhang H, Corredor ALG, Messina-Pacheco J, Li Q, Zogopoulos G, Kaddour N, Wang Y, Shi BY, Gregorieff A, Liu JL, Gao ZH. REG3A/REG3B promotes acinar to ductal metaplasia through binding to EXTL3 and activating the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway. Commun Biol 2021; 4:688. [PMID: 34099862 PMCID: PMC8184755 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02193-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent acinar to ductal metaplasia (ADM) is a recently recognized precursor of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Here we show that the ADM area of human pancreas tissue adjacent to PDAC expresses significantly higher levels of regenerating protein 3A (REG3A). Exogenous REG3A and its mouse homolog REG3B induce ADM in the 3D culture of primary human and murine acinar cells, respectively. Both Reg3b transgenic mice and REG3B-treated mice with caerulein-induced pancreatitis develop and sustain ADM. Two out of five Reg3b transgenic mice with caerulein-induced pancreatitis show progression from ADM to pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN). Both in vitro and in vivo ADM models demonstrate activation of the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway. Exostosin-like glycosyltransferase 3 (EXTL3) functions as the receptor for REG3B and mediates the activation of downstream signaling proteins. Our data indicates that REG3A/REG3B promotes persistent ADM through binding to EXTL3 and activating the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway. Targeting REG3A/REG3B, its receptor EXTL3, or other downstream molecules could interrupt the ADM process and prevent early PDAC carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huairong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pathology, McGill University and the Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Andrea Liliam Gomez Corredor
- Department of Pathology, McGill University and the Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julia Messina-Pacheco
- Department of Pathology, McGill University and the Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Qing Li
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY, USA
| | - George Zogopoulos
- Department of Surgery, McGill University and the Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nancy Kaddour
- Department of Medicine, McGill University and the Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Surgery, McGill University and the Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bing-Yin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Alex Gregorieff
- Department of Pathology, McGill University and the Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jun-Li Liu
- Department of Medicine, McGill University and the Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Zu-Hua Gao
- Department of Pathology, McGill University and the Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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17
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Rehman SU, Schallschmidt T, Rasche A, Knebel B, Stermann T, Altenhofen D, Herwig R, Schürmann A, Chadt A, Al-Hasani H. Alternative exon splicing and differential expression in pancreatic islets reveals candidate genes and pathways implicated in early diabetes development. Mamm Genome 2021; 32:153-172. [PMID: 33880624 PMCID: PMC8128753 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-021-09869-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has a strong genetic component. Most of the gene variants driving the pathogenesis of T2D seem to target pancreatic β-cell function. To identify novel gene variants acting at early stage of the disease, we analyzed whole transcriptome data to identify differential expression (DE) and alternative exon splicing (AS) transcripts in pancreatic islets collected from two metabolically diverse mouse strains at 6 weeks of age after three weeks of high-fat-diet intervention. Our analysis revealed 1218 DE and 436 AS genes in islets from NZO/Hl vs C3HeB/FeJ. Whereas some of the revealed genes present well-established markers for β-cell failure, such as Cd36 or Aldh1a3, we identified numerous DE/AS genes that have not been described in context with β-cell function before. The gene Lgals2, previously associated with human T2D development, was DE as well as AS and localizes in a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for blood glucose on Chr.15 that we reported recently in our N2(NZOxC3H) population. In addition, pathway enrichment analysis of DE and AS genes showed an overlap of only half of the revealed pathways, indicating that DE and AS in large parts influence different pathways in T2D development. PPARG and adipogenesis pathways, two well-established metabolic pathways, were overrepresented for both DE and AS genes, probably as an adaptive mechanism to cope for increased cellular stress. Our results provide guidance for the identification of novel T2D candidate genes and demonstrate the presence of numerous AS transcripts possibly involved in islet function and maintenance of glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayeed Ur Rehman
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Tanja Schallschmidt
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Axel Rasche
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgit Knebel
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Torben Stermann
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Delsi Altenhofen
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Herwig
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Alexandra Chadt
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hadi Al-Hasani
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany. .,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.
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18
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Tassinari M, Richter SN, Gandellini P. Biological relevance and therapeutic potential of G-quadruplex structures in the human noncoding transcriptome. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:3617-3633. [PMID: 33721024 PMCID: PMC8053107 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Noncoding RNAs are functional transcripts that are not translated into proteins. They represent the largest portion of the human transcriptome and have been shown to regulate gene expression networks in both physiological and pathological cell conditions. Research in this field has made remarkable progress in the comprehension of how aberrations in noncoding RNA drive relevant disease-associated phenotypes; however, the biological role and mechanism of action of several noncoding RNAs still need full understanding. Besides fulfilling its function through sequence-based mechanisms, RNA can form complex secondary and tertiary structures which allow non-canonical interactions with proteins and/or other nucleic acids. In this context, the presence of G-quadruplexes in microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs is increasingly being reported. This evidence suggests a role for RNA G-quadruplexes in controlling microRNA biogenesis and mediating noncoding RNA interaction with biological partners, thus ultimately regulating gene expression. Here, we review the state of the art of G-quadruplexes in the noncoding transcriptome, with their structural and functional characterization. In light of the existence and further possible development of G-quadruplex binders that modulate G-quadruplex conformation and protein interactions, we also discuss the therapeutic potential of G-quadruplexes as targets to interfere with disease-associated noncoding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Tassinari
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via G. Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Sara N Richter
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, via A. Gabelli 63, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Gandellini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via G. Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
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19
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Review of clinical and emerging biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment management of pancreatic cancer: towards personalised medicine. JOURNAL OF RADIOTHERAPY IN PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/s1460396921000182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background:
Pancreatic cancer is the 12th most commonly diagnosed cancer and the 3rd leading cause of cancer mortality and accounts for approximately 2·7% of all newly diagnosed cancer cases and 6·4% of all cancer mortalities in Canada. It has a very poor survival rate mainly due to the difficulty of detecting the disease at an early stage. Consequently, in the advancement of disease management towards the concept of precision medicine that takes individual patient variabilities into account, several investigators have focused on the identification of effective clinical biomarkers with high specificity and sensitivity, capable of early diagnosis of symptomatic patients and early detection of the disease in asymptomatic individuals at high risk for developing pancreatic cancer.
Materials and methods:
We searched several databases from August to December 2020 for relevant studies published in English between 2000 and 2020 and reporting on biomarkers for the management of pancreatic cancer. In this narrative review paper, we describe 13 clinical and emerging biomarkers for pancreatic cancers used in screening for early detection and diagnosis, to identify patients’ risk for metastatic disease and subsequent relapse, to monitor patient response to specific treatment and to provide clinicians the possibility of prospectively identifying groups of patients who will benefit from a particular treatment.
Conclusions:
Current and emerging biomarkers for pancreatic cancer with high specificity and sensitivity has the potential to account for individual patient variabilities, for early detection of disease before the onset of metastasis to improve treatment outcome and patients’ survival, help screen high-risk populations, predict prognosis, provide accurate information of patient response to specific treatment and improve patients monitoring during treatment. Thus, the future holds promise for the use of effective clinical biomarkers or a panel of biomarkers for personalised patient-specific targeted medicine for pancreatic cancer.
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20
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Akil AAS, Yassin E, Al-Maraghi A, Aliyev E, Al-Malki K, Fakhro KA. Diagnosis and treatment of type 1 diabetes at the dawn of the personalized medicine era. J Transl Med 2021; 19:137. [PMID: 33794915 PMCID: PMC8017850 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02778-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes affects millions of people globally and requires careful management to avoid serious long-term complications, including heart and kidney disease, stroke, and loss of sight. The type 1 diabetes patient cohort is highly heterogeneous, with individuals presenting with disease at different stages and severities, arising from distinct etiologies, and overlaying varied genetic backgrounds. At present, the “one-size-fits-all” treatment for type 1 diabetes is exogenic insulin substitution therapy, but this approach fails to achieve optimal blood glucose control in many individuals. With advances in our understanding of early-stage diabetes development, diabetes stratification, and the role of genetics, type 1 diabetes is a promising candidate for a personalized medicine approach, which aims to apply “the right therapy at the right time, to the right patient”. In the case of type 1 diabetes, great efforts are now being focused on risk stratification for diabetes development to enable pre-clinical detection, and the application of treatments such as gene therapy, to prevent pancreatic destruction in a sub-set of patients. Alongside this, breakthroughs in stem cell therapies hold great promise for the regeneration of pancreatic tissues in some individuals. Here we review the recent initiatives in the field of personalized medicine for type 1 diabetes, including the latest discoveries in stem cell and gene therapy for the disease, and current obstacles that must be overcome before the dream of personalized medicine for all type 1 diabetes patients can be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammira Al-Shabeeb Akil
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine Program, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Esraa Yassin
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine Program, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Aljazi Al-Maraghi
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine Program, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Elbay Aliyev
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine Program, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khulod Al-Malki
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine Program, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khalid A Fakhro
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine Program, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar.,College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
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21
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Hiraki D, Uehara O, Kuramitsu Y, Morikawa T, Harada F, Yoshida K, Akino K, Chiba I, Asaka M, Abiko Y. P. gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide Stimulates the Upregulated Expression of the Pancreatic Cancer-Related Genes Regenerating Islet-Derived 3 A/G in Mouse Pancreas. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197351. [PMID: 33027970 PMCID: PMC7583020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although epidemiological studies have shown a relationship between periodontal disease and pancreatic cancer, the molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear. In this study, the effects of systemic administration of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (PG-LPS) on gene expression were comprehensively explored in mouse pancreas that did not demonstrate any signs of inflammation. PG-LPS was prepared in physiological saline and intraperitoneally administered to male mice at a concentration of 5 mg/kg every 3 days for 1 month. After extracting total RNA from the excised mice pancreas, a comprehensive DNA microarray analysis of gene expression was performed. Tissue specimens were also subjected to hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry using anti-regenerating islet-derived 3A and G (Reg3A/G) antibody. ImageJ software was used to quantify the area of Reg3A/G positive cells in pancreatic islets by binarizing image date followed by area extraction. The results were compared using Mann-Whitney U test. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) with p < 0.05 considered as significant. Reg3G, a gene related to pancreatic cancer, was one of the 10 genes with the highest levels of expression in the pancreas stimulated with PG-LPS. The comprehensive analysis revealed a 73-fold increase in Reg3G expression level in the PG-LPS group when compared with the control group; in addition, the expression level of Reg3A was increased by 11-fold in the PG-LPS group. Image analysis showed that the ratio of Reg3A/G positive cells was higher in the PG-LPS group than the control. Immunostaining showed the presence of Reg3A/G-positive cells in the alpha-cell equivalent areas around the islets of Langerhans in the PG-LPS group. These results support the notion that periodontal disease may be a risk factor for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Hiraki
- Division of Reconstructive Surgery for Oral and Maxillofacial Region, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan;
| | - Osamu Uehara
- Division of Disease Control and Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan; (O.U.); (I.C.)
| | - Yasuhiro Kuramitsu
- Research Institute of Cancer Prevention, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan; (Y.K.); (K.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Tetsuro Morikawa
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan; (T.M.); (K.Y.)
| | - Fumiya Harada
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan;
| | - Koki Yoshida
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan; (T.M.); (K.Y.)
| | - Kozo Akino
- Research Institute of Cancer Prevention, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan; (Y.K.); (K.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Itsuo Chiba
- Division of Disease Control and Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan; (O.U.); (I.C.)
| | - Masahiro Asaka
- Research Institute of Cancer Prevention, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan; (Y.K.); (K.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Yoshihiro Abiko
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan; (T.M.); (K.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-133-23-1211
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22
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Varilh M, Acquatella-Tran Van Ba I, Silhol M, Nieto-Lopez F, Moussaed M, Lebart MC, Bovolenta P, Verdier JM, Rossel M, Marcilhac A, Trousse F. Reg-1α Promotes Differentiation of Cortical Progenitors via Its N-Terminal Active Domain. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:681. [PMID: 32903776 PMCID: PMC7443566 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reg-1α belongs to the Reg family of small, secreted proteins expressed in both pancreas and nervous system. Reg-1α is composed of two domains, an insoluble C-type lectin domain and a short soluble N-terminal peptide, which is released from the molecule upon proteolytic N-terminal processing, although the biological significance of this proteolysis remains unclear. We have previously shown that binding of Reg-1α to its receptor Extl3 stimulates axonal outgrowth. Reg-1α and Extl3 genes are expressed in the developing cortex but their expression decreases in adulthood, pointing to a possible function of this signaling system at the early developmental stages. Here, we demonstrate that recombinant Reg-1α increases migration and differentiation of cultured embryonic rat telencephalic progenitors via the activation of GSK-3β activity. In vivo overexpression of Reg-1α by in utero electroporation, has a similar effect, favoring premature differentiation of cortical progenitors. Notably, the N-terminal soluble domain, but not the C-type lectin domain, is largely responsible for Reg-1α effects on cortical neuronal differentiation. We thus conclude that Reg-1α via its proteolytically generated N-terminal domain is required for basic development processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Varilh
- MMDN, Univ Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | | | - Michelle Silhol
- MMDN, Univ Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Francisco Nieto-Lopez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireille Moussaed
- MMDN, Univ Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Christine Lebart
- MMDN, Univ Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Paola Bovolenta
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jean-Michel Verdier
- MMDN, Univ Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Mireille Rossel
- MMDN, Univ Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Anne Marcilhac
- MMDN, Univ Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Trousse
- MMDN, Univ Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,PSL Research University, Paris, France
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23
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Arutyunyan IV, Fatkhudinov TK, Makarov AV, Elchaninov AV, Sukhikh GT. Regenerative medicine of pancreatic islets. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:2948-2966. [PMID: 32587441 PMCID: PMC7304103 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i22.2948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pancreas became one of the first objects of regenerative medicine, since other possibilities of dealing with the pancreatic endocrine insufficiency were clearly exhausted. The number of people living with diabetes mellitus is currently approaching half a billion, hence the crucial relevance of new methods to stimulate regeneration of the insulin-secreting β-cells of the islets of Langerhans. Natural restrictions on the islet regeneration are very tight; nevertheless, the islets are capable of physiological regeneration via β-cell self-replication, direct differentiation of multipotent progenitor cells and spontaneous α- to β- or δ- to β-cell conversion (trans-differentiation). The existing preclinical models of β-cell dysfunction or ablation (induced surgically, chemically or genetically) have significantly expanded our understanding of reparative regeneration of the islets and possible ways of its stimulation. The ultimate goal, sufficient level of functional activity of β-cells or their substitutes can be achieved by two prospective broad strategies: β-cell replacement and β-cell regeneration. The “regeneration” strategy aims to maintain a preserved population of β-cells through in situ exposure to biologically active substances that improve β-cell survival, replication and insulin secretion, or to evoke the intrinsic adaptive mechanisms triggering the spontaneous non-β- to β-cell conversion. The “replacement” strategy implies transplantation of β-cells (as non-disintegrated pancreatic material or isolated donor islets) or β-like cells obtained ex vivo from progenitors or mature somatic cells (for example, hepatocytes or α-cells) under the action of small-molecule inducers or by genetic modification. We believe that the huge volume of experimental and clinical studies will finally allow a safe and effective solution to a seemingly simple goal-restoration of the functionally active β-cells, the innermost hope of millions of people globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Arutyunyan
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V. I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Timur Kh Fatkhudinov
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow 117418, Russia
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Andrey V Makarov
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V. I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Andrey V Elchaninov
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V. I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Gennady T Sukhikh
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V. I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow 117997, Russia
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24
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Edwards JA, Tan N, Toussaint N, Ou P, Mueller C, Stanek A, Zinsou V, Roudnitsky S, Sagal M, Dresner L, Schwartzman A, Huan C. Role of regenerating islet-derived proteins in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:2702-2714. [PMID: 32550748 PMCID: PMC7284176 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i21.2702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract that affects millions of patients worldwide. It has a complex and multifactorial etiology leading to excessive exposure of intestinal epithelium to microbial antigens, inappropriate activation of the immune system and ultimately to the damage of intestinal tissues. Although numerous efforts have been made to improve the disease management, IBD remains persistently recurring and beyond cure. This is due largely to the gaps in our understanding of the pathogenesis of IBD that hamper the development of timely diagnoses and effective treatment. However, some recent discoveries, including the beneficial effects of interleukin-22 (IL-22) on the inflamed intestine, have shed light on a self-protective mechanism in IBD. Regenerating islet-derived (REG/Reg) proteins are small secretory proteins which function as IL-22's downstream effectors. Mounting studies have demonstrated that IBD patients have significantly increased REG expressions in the injured intestine, but with undefined mechanisms and roles. The reported functions of REG/Reg proteins in intestinal homeostasis, such as those of antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and tissue repair, lead us to discuss their potential mechanisms and clinical relevance in IBD in order to advance IBD research and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi-Ann Edwards
- Department of Surgery, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
| | - Nicholas Tan
- College of Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
| | - Nadlie Toussaint
- College of Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
| | - Peiqi Ou
- MCB program, School of Graduate Studies, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
| | - Cathy Mueller
- Department of Surgery, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
| | - Albert Stanek
- Department of Surgery, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
| | - Vladimir Zinsou
- College of Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
| | - Sean Roudnitsky
- Department of Surgery, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
| | - Michelle Sagal
- Department of Surgery, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
| | - Lisa Dresner
- Department of Surgery, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
| | - Alexander Schwartzman
- Department of Surgery, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
| | - Chongmin Huan
- Department of Surgery and Cell Biology, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
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25
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Yu XX, Xu CR. Understanding generation and regeneration of pancreatic β cells from a single-cell perspective. Development 2020; 147:147/7/dev179051. [PMID: 32280064 DOI: 10.1242/dev.179051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms that underlie the generation and regeneration of β cells is crucial for developing treatments for diabetes. However, traditional research methods, which are based on populations of cells, have limitations for defining the precise processes of β-cell differentiation and trans-differentiation, and the associated regulatory mechanisms. The recent development of single-cell technologies has enabled re-examination of these processes at a single-cell resolution to uncover intermediate cell states, cellular heterogeneity and molecular trajectories of cell fate specification. Here, we review recent advances in understanding β-cell generation and regeneration, in vivo and in vitro, from single-cell technologies, which could provide insights for optimization of diabetes therapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Cheng-Ran Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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26
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George S, Lucero Y, Torres JP, Lagomarcino AJ, O'Ryan M. Gastric Damage and Cancer-Associated Biomarkers in Helicobacter pylori-Infected Children. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:90. [PMID: 32117120 PMCID: PMC7029740 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is well-known to be involved in gastric carcinogenesis, associated with deregulation of cell proliferation and epigenetic changes in cancer-related genes. H. pylori infection is largely acquired during childhood, persisting long-term in about half of infected individuals, a subset of whom will go on to develop peptic ulcer disease and eventually gastric cancer, however, the sequence of events leading to disease is not completely understood. Knowledge on carcinogenesis and gastric damage-related biomarkers is abundant in adult populations, but scarce in children. We performed an extensive literature review focusing on gastric cancer related biomarkers identified in adult populations, which have been detected in children infected with H. pylori. Biomarkers were related to expression levels (RNA or protein) and/or methylation levels (DNA) in gastric tissue or blood of infected children as compared to non-infected controls. In this review, we identified 37 biomarkers of which 24 are over expressed, three are under expressed, and ten genes are significantly hypermethylated in H. pylori-infected children compared to healthy controls in at least 1 study. Only four of these biomarkers (pepsinogen I, pepsinogen II, gastrin, and SLC5A8) have been studied in asymptomatically infected children. Importantly, 13 of these biomarkers (β-catenin, C-MYC, GATA-4, DAPK1, CXCL13, DC-SIGN, TIMP3, EGFR, GRIN2B, PIM2, SLC5A8, CDH1, and VCAM-1.) are consistently deregulated in infected children and in adults with gastric cancer. Future studies should be designed to determine the clinical significance of these changes in infection-associated biomarkers in children and their persistence over time. The effect of eradication therapy over these biomarkers in children if proven significant, could lead to modifications in treatment guidelines for younger populations, and eventually promote the development of preventive strategies, such as vaccination, in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio George
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Laboratory, Microbiology and Mycology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yalda Lucero
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Laboratory, Microbiology and Mycology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Dr. Roberto del Río Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Torres
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Laboratory, Microbiology and Mycology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Anne J Lagomarcino
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Laboratory, Microbiology and Mycology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel O'Ryan
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Laboratory, Microbiology and Mycology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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27
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Regenerating islet-derived protein (Reg)3β plays a crucial role in attenuation of ileitis and colitis in mice. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 21:100738. [PMID: 32072024 PMCID: PMC7016002 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerating islet-derived protein (Reg)3β belongs to a member of the Reg family of proteins and has pleiotropic functions, including antimicrobial activity and tissue repair. However, whether Reg3β plays a protective role in the development of colitis and ileitis has not been fully investigated. We generated transgenic mice expressing a short form of cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (cFLIPs) that promotes necroptosis, a regulated form of cell death. cFLIPs transgenic (CFLARs Tg) mice develop severe ileitis in utero. Although Reg3β is undetectable in the small intestine of wild-type embryos, its expression is aberrantly elevated in the small intestine of CFLARs Tg embryos. To test whether elevated Reg3β attenuates or exacerbates ileitis in CFLARs Tg mice, we generated a Reg3b−/− strain. Reg3b−/− mice grew to adulthood without apparent abnormalities. Deletion of Reg3b in CFLARs Tg mice exacerbated the embryonic lethality of CFLARs Tg mice. Dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis, characterized by body weight loss and infiltration of neutrophils, was exacerbated in Reg3b−/− compared to wild-type mice. Moreover, the expression of Interleukin 6, an inflammatory cytokine and Chitinase-like 3, a marker for tissue repair macrophages was elevated in the colon of Reg3b−/− mice compared to wild-type mice after DSS treatment. Together, these results suggest that attenuation of colitis and ileitis is a result of Reg3β′s real function. The expression of Reg3β is elevated in the embryonic small intestine of CFLARs Tg mice. Reg3b−/− mice grow to adulthood without apparent abnormalities. Dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis is exacerbated in Reg3b−/− mice. Deletion of Reg3b exacerbates ileitis in CFLARs Tg mice.
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Key Words
- Arg1, Arginase-1
- CFLARs Tg, cFLIPs transgenic
- Cellular FLICE-Inhibitory protein
- Chitinase-like 3, Chil3
- Colitis
- DSS, dextran sulfate sodium
- Dextran sulfate sodium
- GFP, green fluorescent protein
- IECs, intestinal epithelial cells
- IL, interleukin
- ILC3, group 3 innate lymphoid cell
- Ileitis
- MLKL, mixed lineage kinase domain–like protein
- Mrc1, Mannose receptor C-type 1
- RIPK, receptor-interacting protein kinase
- RORγt, RAR-related orphan receptor gamma t
- Reg, regenerating islet-derived protein
- Regenerating islet-derived protein
- Retnla, Resistin-like alpha
- STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription
- cFLIPs and L, cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein, short and long forms
- pSTAT3, phospho-STAT3
- qPCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction
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28
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Zhang MY, Wang J, Guo J. Role of Regenerating Islet-Derived Protein 3A in Gastrointestinal Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1449. [PMID: 31921694 PMCID: PMC6928188 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerating islet-derived protein 3A (Reg3A), a protein mainly expressed in the digestive system, has been found over-expressed in many kinds of gastrointestinal cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, and colorectal cancer, therefore has been considered as a promising tumor marker. In recent years, considerable attention has been focused on the tumorigenesis effects of Reg3A, which were mainly manifested as cell proliferation promotion, cell apoptosis inhibition, the regulation of cancer cell migration and invasion. In particular, based on the significant up-regulation of Reg3A during pancreatic inflammation as well as its tumorigenic potential, Reg3A has been considered to play a key role in inflammation-linked pancreatic carcinogenesis. In addition, we here systematically generalized the reported Reg3A-related signaling molecules, which included JAK2-STAT3- NF-κB, SOCS3, EXTL3-PI3K-Akt, GSK3β, Wnt/β-catenin as well as some invasion and migration-related genes (Snail, MMP-2, MMP-9, E-cadherin, RhoC, and MTA1). And gp130, EGFR, EXTL3, and Fibronectin 1 might act as potential receptors for Reg3A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ya Zhang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Pharmacy, New Medicine Innovation and Development Institute, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Pharmacy, New Medicine Innovation and Development Institute, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Guo
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Pharmacy, New Medicine Innovation and Development Institute, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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29
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LncRNA REG1CP promotes tumorigenesis through an enhancer complex to recruit FANCJ helicase for REG3A transcription. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5334. [PMID: 31767869 PMCID: PMC6877513 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13313-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein products of the regenerating islet-derived (REG) gene family are important regulators of many cellular processes. Here we functionally characterise a non-protein coding product of the family, the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) REG1CP that is transcribed from a DNA fragment at the family locus previously thought to be a pseudogene. REG1CP forms an RNA–DNA triplex with a homopurine stretch at the distal promoter of the REG3A gene, through which the DNA helicase FANCJ is tethered to the core promoter of REG3A where it unwinds double stranded DNA and facilitates a permissive state for glucocorticoid receptor α (GRα)-mediated REG3A transcription. As such, REG1CP promotes cancer cell proliferation and tumorigenicity and its upregulation is associated with poor outcome of patients. REG1CP is also transcriptionally inducible by GRα, indicative of feedforward regulation. These results reveal the function and regulation of REG1CP and suggest that REG1CP may constitute a target for cancer treatment. The regenerating islet-derived (REG) protein family suppresses cell death and promotes cell proliferation. Here the authors report that the lncRNA REG1CP forms an RNA–DNA triplex at the promoter of REG3A gene to increase its expression.
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30
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Abu-Toamih Atamni HJ, Kontogianni G, Binenbaum I, Mott R, Himmelbauer H, Lehrach H, Chatziioannou A, Iraqi FA. Hepatic gene expression variations in response to high-fat diet-induced impaired glucose tolerance using RNAseq analysis in collaborative cross mouse population. Mamm Genome 2019; 30:260-275. [PMID: 31650267 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-019-09816-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic gene expression is known to differ between healthy and type 2 diabetes conditions. Identifying these variations will provide better knowledge to the development of gene-targeted therapies. The aim of this study is to assess diet-induced hepatic gene expression of susceptible versus resistant CC lines to T2D development. Next-generation RNA-sequencing was performed for 84 livers of diabetic and non-diabetic mice of 41 different CC lines (both sexes) following 12 weeks on high-fat diet (42% fat). Data analysis revealed significant variations of hepatic gene expression in diabetic versus non-diabetic mice with significant sex effect, where 601 genes were differentially expressed (DE) in overall population (males and females), 718 genes in female mice, and 599 genes in male mice. Top prioritized DE candidate genes were Lepr, Ins2, Mb, Ckm, Mrap2, and Ckmt2 for the overall population; for females-only group were Hdc, Serpina12, Socs1, Socs2, and Mb, while for males-only group were Serpine1, Mb, Ren1, Slc4a1, and Atp2a1. Data analysis for sex differences revealed 193 DE genes in health (Top: Lepr, Cav1, Socs2, Abcg2, and Col5a3), and 389 genes DE between diabetic females versus males (Top: Lepr, Clps, Ins2, Cav1, and Mrap2). Furthermore, integrating gene expression results with previously published QTL, we identified significant variants mapped at chromosomes at positions 36-49 Mb, 62-71 Mb, and 79-99 Mb, on chromosomes 9, 11, and 12, respectively. Our findings emphasize the complexity of T2D development and that significantly controlled by host complex genetic factors. As well, we demonstrate the significant sex differences between males and females during health and increasing to extent levels during disease/diabetes. Altogether, opening the venue for further studies targets the discovery of effective sex-specific and personalized preventions and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Abu-Toamih Atamni
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - G Kontogianni
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - I Binenbaum
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece.,Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - R Mott
- Department of Genetics, University College of London, London, UK
| | - H Himmelbauer
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - H Lehrach
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Chatziioannou
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece.,e-NIOS Applications PC, 17671, Kallithea, Greece
| | - Fuad A Iraqi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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31
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Chen Z, Downing S, Tzanakakis ES. Four Decades After the Discovery of Regenerating Islet-Derived (Reg) Proteins: Current Understanding and Challenges. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:235. [PMID: 31696115 PMCID: PMC6817481 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerating islet-derived (Reg) proteins have emerged as multifunctional agents with pro-proliferative, anti-apoptotic, differentiation-inducing and bactericidal properties. Over the last 40 years since first discovered, Reg proteins have been implicated in a gamut of maladies including diabetes, various types of cancer of the digestive tract, and Alzheimer disease. Surprisingly though, a consensus is still absent on the regulation of their expression, and molecular underpinning of their function. Here, we provide a critical appraisal of recent findings in the field of Reg protein biology. Specifically, the structural characteristics are reviewed particularly in connection with established or purported functions of different members of the Reg family. Moreover, Reg expression patterns in different tissues both under normal and pathophysiological conditions are summarized. Putative receptors and cascades reported to relay Reg signaling inciting cellular responses are presented aiming at a better appreciation of the biological activities of the distinct Reg moieties. Challenges are also discussed that have hampered thus far the rapid progress in this field such as the use of non-standard nomenclature for Reg molecules among various research groups, the existence of multiple Reg members with significant degree of homology and possibly compensatory modes of action, and the need for common assays with robust readouts of Reg activity. Coordinated research is warranted going forward, given that several research groups have independently linked Reg proteins to diseased states and raised the possibility that these biomolecules can serve as therapeutic targets and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijing Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Shawna Downing
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Emmanuel S Tzanakakis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States.,Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
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32
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Tian C, Clauser KR, Öhlund D, Rickelt S, Huang Y, Gupta M, Mani DR, Carr SA, Tuveson DA, Hynes RO. Proteomic analyses of ECM during pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma progression reveal different contributions by tumor and stromal cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:19609-19618. [PMID: 31484774 PMCID: PMC6765243 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1908626116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has prominent extracellular matrix (ECM) that compromises treatments yet cannot be nonselectively disrupted without adverse consequences. ECM of PDAC, despite the recognition of its importance, has not been comprehensively studied in patients. In this study, we used quantitative mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics to characterize ECM proteins in normal pancreas and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN)- and PDAC-bearing pancreas from both human patients and mouse genetic models, as well as chronic pancreatitis patient samples. We describe detailed changes in both abundance and complexity of matrisome proteins in the course of PDAC progression. We reveal an early up-regulated group of matrisome proteins in PanIN, which are further up-regulated in PDAC, and we uncover notable similarities in matrix changes between pancreatitis and PDAC. We further assigned cellular origins to matrisome proteins by performing MS on multiple lines of human-to-mouse xenograft tumors. We found that, although stromal cells produce over 90% of the ECM mass, elevated levels of ECM proteins derived from the tumor cells, but not those produced exclusively by stromal cells, tend to correlate with poor patient survival. Furthermore, distinct pathways were implicated in regulating expression of matrisome proteins in cancer cells and stromal cells. We suggest that, rather than global suppression of ECM production, more precise ECM manipulations, such as targeting tumor-promoting ECM proteins and their regulators in cancer cells, could be more effective therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Tian
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | | | - Daniel Öhlund
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Steffen Rickelt
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Ying Huang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Mala Gupta
- New York University Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, NY 11501
| | - D R Mani
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Steven A Carr
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | | | - Richard O Hynes
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139;
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815
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33
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Qadir MMF, Álvarez-Cubela S, Klein D, Lanzoni G, García-Santana C, Montalvo A, Pláceres-Uray F, Mazza EMC, Ricordi C, Inverardi LA, Pastori RL, Domínguez-Bendala J. P2RY1/ALK3-Expressing Cells within the Adult Human Exocrine Pancreas Are BMP-7 Expandable and Exhibit Progenitor-like Characteristics. Cell Rep 2019; 22:2408-2420. [PMID: 29490276 PMCID: PMC5905712 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of human pancreatic non-endocrine tissue with Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 (BMP-7) leads to the formation of glucose-responsive β-like cells. Here, we show that BMP-7 acts on extrainsular cells expressing PDX1 and the BMP receptor activin-like kinase 3 (ALK3/BMPR1A). In vitro lineage tracing indicates that ALK3+ cell populations are multipotent. PDX1+/ALK3+ cells are absent from islets but prominently represented in the major pancreatic ducts and pancreatic duct glands. We identified the purinergic receptor P2Y1 (P2RY1) as a surrogate surface marker for PDX1. Sorted P2RY1+/ALK3bright+ cells form BMP-7-expandable colonies characterized by NKX6.1 and PDX1 expression. Unlike the negative fraction controls, these colonies can be differentiated into multiple pancreatic lineages upon BMP-7 withdrawal. RNA-seq further corroborates the progenitor-like nature of P2RY1+/ALK3bright+ cells and their multilineage differentiation potential. Our studies confirm the existence of progenitor cells in the adult human pancreas and suggest a specific anatomical location within the ductal and glandular networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Muhammad Fahd Qadir
- Diabetes Research Institute, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Silvia Álvarez-Cubela
- Diabetes Research Institute, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Dagmar Klein
- Diabetes Research Institute, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Giacomo Lanzoni
- Diabetes Research Institute, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | | | - Abelardo Montalvo
- Diabetes Research Institute, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Fabiola Pláceres-Uray
- Diabetes Research Institute, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | | | - Camillo Ricordi
- Diabetes Research Institute, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Luca Alessandro Inverardi
- Diabetes Research Institute, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ricardo Luis Pastori
- Diabetes Research Institute, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Juan Domínguez-Bendala
- Diabetes Research Institute, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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34
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Downing S, Zhang F, Chen Z, Tzanakakis ES. MicroRNA-7 directly targets Reg1 in pancreatic cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C366-C374. [PMID: 31166710 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00013.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Regenerating islet-derived (Reg) proteins, which were first discovered in the pancreas, are associated with increased proliferation, prevention of apoptosis, and enhanced differentiation in normal and disease states, but very little is known about the regulation of their expression. We hypothesized that Reg expression is influenced by microRNAs. Bioinformatic analysis predicted Reg1 to be a target of microRNA-7 (miR-7), which influences pancreatic β-cell function. To this end, we investigated the effects of miR-7 on Reg1 expression in pancreatic acinar and islet β-cells. High levels of Reg1 were noted by immunostaining and Western blotting in acinar cells in contrast to islet cells. A reciprocal expression pattern was observed for miR-7. Overexpression of miR-7 resulted in Reg1 mRNA suppression and reduction of secreted Reg1 protein. Conversely, miR-7 knockdown led to increases in Reg1. Targeting of Reg1 by miR-7 was confirmed via luciferase activity assays. In contrast, miR-7 did not directly repress the human ortholog of Reg1 REG1A as well as REG1B indicating species differences in the regulation of Reg expression. This is the first account of microRNA modulation of any Reg member warranting studies to fill gaps in our knowledge of Reg protein biology, particularly in disease contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawna Downing
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Zijing Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Emmanuel S Tzanakakis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts.,Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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35
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Abstract
C-type lectins of the Reg3 family belong to antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which function as a barrier to protect body surfaces against microorganisms. Reg3 mainly expressed throughout the small intestine modulate host defense process via bactericidal activity. A wide range of studies indicate that Reg3 family plays an important role in the physical segregation of microbiota from host as well as the immune response induced by enteric pathogens. In this review, we review a growing literature on the potential metabolic functions of Reg3 proteins and their potential to act as important gut hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hoon Shin
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Randy J Seeley
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Surgery, Internal Medicine and Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Correspondence: Randy J. Seeley, PhD, Department of Surgery, Internal Medicine and Nutritional Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109. E-mail:
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36
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Casasnovas J, Jo Y, Rao X, Xuei X, Brown ME, Kua KL. High glucose alters fetal rat islet transcriptome and induces progeny islet dysfunction. J Endocrinol 2019; 240:309-323. [PMID: 30508415 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Offspring of diabetic mothers are susceptible to developing type 2 diabetes due to pancreatic islet dysfunction. However, the initiating molecular pathways leading to offspring pancreatic islet dysfunction are unknown. We hypothesized that maternal hyperglycemia alters offspring pancreatic islet transcriptome and negatively impacts offspring islet function. We employed an infusion model capable of inducing localized hyperglycemia in fetal rats residing in the left uterine horn, thus avoiding other factors involved in programming offspring pancreatic islet health. While maintaining euglycemia in maternal dams and right uterine horn control fetuses, hyperglycemic fetuses in the left uterine horn had higher serum insulin and pancreatic beta cell area. Upon completing infusion from GD20 to 22, RNA sequencing was performed on GD22 islets to identify the hyperglycemia-induced altered gene expression. Ingenuity pathway analysis of the altered transcriptome found that diabetes mellitus and inflammation/cell death pathways were enriched. Interestingly, the downregulated genes modulate more diverse biological processes, which includes responses to stimuli and developmental processes. Next, we performed ex and in vivo studies to evaluate islet cell viability and insulin secretory function in weanling and adult offspring. Pancreatic islets of weanlings exposed to late gestation hyperglycemia had decreased cell viability in basal state and glucose-induced insulin secretion. Lastly, adult offspring exposed to in utero hyperglycemia also exhibited glucose intolerance and insulin secretory dysfunction. Together, our results demonstrate that late gestational hyperglycemia alters the fetal pancreatic islet transcriptome and increases offspring susceptibility to developing pancreatic islet dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Casasnovas
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Yunhee Jo
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Xi Rao
- Center for Medical Genomics, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Xiaoling Xuei
- Center for Medical Genomics, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Mary E Brown
- The Indiana Center for Biological Microscopy, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Kok Lim Kua
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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37
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Luckett-Chastain LR, Gipson JR, Gillaspy AF, Gallucci RM. Transcriptional profiling of irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) in a mouse model identifies specific patterns of gene expression and immune-regulation. Toxicology 2018; 410:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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38
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Farack L, Golan M, Egozi A, Dezorella N, Bahar Halpern K, Ben-Moshe S, Garzilli I, Tóth B, Roitman L, Krizhanovsky V, Itzkovitz S. Transcriptional Heterogeneity of Beta Cells in the Intact Pancreas. Dev Cell 2018; 48:115-125.e4. [PMID: 30503750 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic beta cells have been shown to be heterogeneous at multiple levels. However, spatially interrogating transcriptional heterogeneity in the intact tissue has been challenging. Here, we developed an optimized protocol for single-molecule transcript imaging in the intact pancreas and used it to identify a sub-population of "extreme" beta cells with elevated mRNA levels of insulin and other secretory genes. Extreme beta cells contain higher ribosomal and proinsulin content but lower levels of insulin protein in fasted states, suggesting they may be tuned for basal insulin secretion. They exhibit a distinctive intra-cellular polarization pattern, with elevated mRNA concentrations in an apical ER-enriched compartment, distinct from the localization of nascent and mature proteins. The proportion of extreme cells increases in db/db diabetic mice, potentially facilitating the required increase in basal insulin. Our results thus highlight a sub-population of beta cells that may carry distinct functional roles along physiological and pathological timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Farack
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Matan Golan
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Adi Egozi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Nili Dezorella
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Keren Bahar Halpern
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Shani Ben-Moshe
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Immacolata Garzilli
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Beáta Tóth
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Lior Roitman
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Valery Krizhanovsky
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Shalev Itzkovitz
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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39
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Chellappan DK, Sivam NS, Teoh KX, Leong WP, Fui TZ, Chooi K, Khoo N, Yi FJ, Chellian J, Cheng LL, Dahiya R, Gupta G, Singhvi G, Nammi S, Hansbro PM, Dua K. Gene therapy and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1188-1200. [PMID: 30372820 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by T cell-mediated self-destruction of insulin-secreting islet β cells. Management of T1DM is challenging and complicated especially with conventional medications. Gene therapy has emerged as one of the potential therapeutic alternatives to treat T1DM. This review primarily focuses on the current status and the future perspectives of gene therapy in the management of T1DM. A vast number of the studies which are reported on gene therapy for the management of T1DM are done in animal models and in preclinical studies. In addition, the safety of such therapies is yet to be established in humans. Currently, there are several gene level interventions that are being investigated, notably, overexpression of genes and proteins needed against T1DM, transplantation of cells that express the genes against T1DM, stem-cells mediated gene therapy, genetic vaccination, immunological precursor cell-mediated gene therapy and vectors. METHODS We searched the current literature through searchable online databases, journals and other library sources using relevant keywords and search parameters. Only relevant publications in English, between the years 2000 and 2018, with evidences and proper citations, were considered. The publications were then analyzed and segregated into several subtopics based on common words and content. A total of 126 studies were found suitable for this review. FINDINGS Generally, the pros and cons of each of the gene-based therapies have been discussed based on the results collected from the literature. However, there are certain interventions that require further detailed studies to ensure their effectiveness. We have also highlighted the future direction and perspectives in gene therapy, which, researchers could benefit from.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia.
| | - Nandhini S Sivam
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Kai Xiang Teoh
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Wai Pan Leong
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Tai Zhen Fui
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Kien Chooi
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Nico Khoo
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Fam Jia Yi
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Jestin Chellian
- Department of Life Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Lim Lay Cheng
- Department of Life Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Rajiv Dahiya
- Laboratory of Peptide Research and Development, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jagatpura, 302017, Jaipur, India.
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science (BITS), Pilani, Pilani Campus, 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Srinivas Nammi
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, NSW, 2751, Australia; NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Philip Michael Hansbro
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW, 2007, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia & Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW, 2007, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia & Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
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Moussaed M, Huc-Brandt S, Cubedo N, Silhol M, Murat S, Lebart MC, Kovacs G, Verdier JM, Trousse F, Rossel M, Marcilhac A. Regenerating islet-derived 1α (REG-1α) protein increases tau phosphorylation in cell and animal models of tauopathies. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 119:136-148. [PMID: 30092268 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
REG-1α, a secreted protein containing a C-type lectin domain, is expressed in various organs and plays different roles in digestive system cells in physiological and pathological conditions. Like other members of the Reg family, REG-1α is expressed also in the brain where it has different functions. For instance, we previously reported that REG-1α regulates neurite outgrowth and is overexpressed during the very early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, REG-1α function in neural cells during neural degeneration remains unknown. First, REG-1α and phosphorylated tau expression were assessed in tissue sections from the hippocampus, representing neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), from patients with AD, and from basal ganglia, representing subcortical NFTs, from patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). We found an association between REG-1α expression, tau hyperphosphorylation and NFTs in human brain samples from patients with these neurodegenerative diseases. Then, the effects of REG-1α overexpression on tau phosphorylation and axonal morphology were investigated i) in primary cultures of rat neurons that express human tau P301L and ii) in a transgenic zebrafish model of tauopathy that expresses human tau P301L. In the tau P301L cell model, REG-1α overexpression increased tau phosphorylation at the S202/T205 and S396 residues (early and late stages of abnormal phosphorylation, respectively) through the AKT/GSK3-β pathway. This effect was associated with axonal defects both in tau P301L-expressing rat neurons and zebrafish embryos. Our findings suggest a functional role for REG-1α during tauopathy development and progression and, specifically, its involvement in the modification of tau phosphorylation temporal sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Moussaed
- MMDN, Univ. Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, U1198, PSL University, Montpellier F-34095, France
| | - Sylvaine Huc-Brandt
- MMDN, Univ. Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, U1198, PSL University, Montpellier F-34095, France
| | - Nicolas Cubedo
- MMDN, Univ. Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, U1198, PSL University, Montpellier F-34095, France
| | - Michele Silhol
- MMDN, Univ. Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, U1198, PSL University, Montpellier F-34095, France
| | - Samy Murat
- MMDN, Univ. Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, U1198, PSL University, Montpellier F-34095, France
| | - Marie-Christine Lebart
- MMDN, Univ. Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, U1198, PSL University, Montpellier F-34095, France
| | - Gabor Kovacs
- Institute of Neurology, Neurodegeneration Research Group, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jean-Michel Verdier
- MMDN, Univ. Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, U1198, PSL University, Montpellier F-34095, France
| | - Francoise Trousse
- MMDN, Univ. Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, U1198, PSL University, Montpellier F-34095, France
| | - Mireille Rossel
- MMDN, Univ. Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, U1198, PSL University, Montpellier F-34095, France
| | - Anne Marcilhac
- MMDN, Univ. Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, U1198, PSL University, Montpellier F-34095, France.
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Xuan X, Tian Z, Zhang M, Zhou J, Gao W, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Lei B, Ni B, Wu Y, Fan W. Diverse effects of interleukin-22 on pancreatic diseases. Pancreatology 2018; 18:231-237. [PMID: 29502986 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is involved in the development of lymphocytes and serves as a rapid and early source of the effector cytokines that are released in response to pathogen-induced changes in the microenvironment. Recent research has implicated IL-22 as a potential contributing factor to the spectrum of inflammation-related pancreatic diseases, particularly pancreatitis, fibrosis, carcinoma and diabetes. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the roles of IL-22 in the various pancreatic pathogenesis, providing insights into the underlying cellular and signaling mechanisms that will help guide future research into promising interventional targets with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyun Xuan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030200, China
| | - Zhiqiang Tian
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Weiwu Gao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, 105th Hospital of PLA, Bengbu Medical College, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Bo Lei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030200, China
| | - Bing Ni
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yuzhang Wu
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Weiping Fan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030200, China.
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Liu X, Wei W, Li X, Shen P, Ju D, Wang Z, Zhang R, Yang F, Chen C, Cao K, Zhu G, Chen H, Chen L, Sui J, Zhang E, Wu K, Wang F, Zhao L, Xi R. BMI1 and MEL18 Promote Colitis-Associated Cancer in Mice via REG3B and STAT3. Gastroenterology 2017; 153:1607-1620. [PMID: 28780076 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Polycomb group proteins are epigenetic factors that silence gene expression; they are dysregulated in cancer cells and contribute to carcinogenesis by unclear mechanisms. We investigated whether BMI1 proto-oncogene, polycomb ring finger (BMI1), and polycomb group ring finger 2 (PCGF2, also called MEL18) are involved in the initiation and progression of colitis-associated cancer (CAC) in mice. METHODS We generated mice containing floxed alleles of Bmi1 and/or Mel18 and/or Reg3b using the villin-Cre promoter (called Bmi1ΔIEC, Mel18ΔIEC, DKO, and TKO mice). We also disrupted Bmi1 and/or Mel18 specifically in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) using the villin-CreERT2-inducible promoter. CAC was induced in cre-negative littermate mice (control) and mice with conditional disruption of Bmi1 and/or Mel18 by intraperitoneal injection of azoxymethane (AOM) followed by addition of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to drinking water. Colon tissues were collected from mice and analyzed by histology and immunoblots; IECs were isolated and used in cDNA microarray analyses. RESULTS Following administration of AOM and DSS, DKO mice developed significantly fewer polyps than control, Bmi1ΔIEC, Mel18ΔIEC, Reg3bΔIEC, or TKO mice. Adenomas in the colons of DKO mice were low-grade dysplasias, whereas adenomas in control, Bmi1ΔIEC, Mel18ΔIEC, Reg3bΔIEC, or TKO mice were high-grade dysplasias with aggressive invasion of the muscularis mucosa. Disruption of Bmi1 and Mel18 (DKO mice) during late stages of carcinogenesis significantly reduced the numbers of large adenomas and the load of total adenomas, reduced proliferation, and increased apoptosis in colon tissues. IECs isolated from DKO mice after AOM and DSS administration had increased expression of Reg3b compared with control, Bmi1ΔIEC, or Mel18ΔIEC mice. Expression of REG3B was sufficient to inhibit cytokine-induced activation of STAT3 in IECs. The human REG3β protein, the functional counterpart of mouse REG3B, inhibited STAT3 activity in human 293T cells, and its expression level in colorectal tumors correlated inversely with pSTAT3 level and survival times of patients. CONCLUSIONS BMI1 and MEL18 contribute to the development of CAC in mice by promoting proliferation and reducing apoptosis via suppressing expression of Reg3b. REG3B negatively regulates cytokine-induced activation of STAT3 in colon epithelial cells. This pathway might be targeted in patients with colitis to reduce carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xicheng Liu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wendi Wei
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pengcheng Shen
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dapeng Ju
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rukui Zhang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fu Yang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyan Chen
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Cao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guoli Zhu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Sui
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Erquan Zhang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaichun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fengchao Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Zhao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rongwen Xi
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China; Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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Type 2 Diabetes Remission After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: Evidence for Increased Expression of Jejunal Genes Encoding Regenerating Pancreatic Islet-Derived Proteins as a Potential Mechanism. Obes Surg 2017; 27:1123-1127. [PMID: 28213664 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-017-2602-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal expression of regenerating pancreatic islet-derived protein-encoding genes (REG) would be enhanced after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and would affect postoperative type 2 diabetes remission (T2Dr). METHODS Intestinal biopsy samples were collected from 20 adult obese women with T2D before and 3 months after RYGB. Levels of REG expression and the gene encoding its putative receptor (EXTL3) were assessed by microarray and validated by quantitative RT-PCR. T2Dr was assessed according to ADA criteria 1 year after RYGB. RESULTS After RYGB, only patients with T2Dr had significantly increased REG1α and REG3γ expression in the jejunum, as validated by quantitative RT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide support for the hypothesis that increased jejunal expression of REG genes after RYGB affects T2Dr, possibly by playing an endocrine function.
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Tritschler S, Theis FJ, Lickert H, Böttcher A. Systematic single-cell analysis provides new insights into heterogeneity and plasticity of the pancreas. Mol Metab 2017; 6:974-990. [PMID: 28951822 PMCID: PMC5605721 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is characterized by loss or dysfunction of insulin-producing β-cells in the pancreas, resulting in failure of blood glucose regulation and devastating secondary complications. Thus, β-cells are currently the prime target for cell-replacement and regenerative therapy. Triggering endogenous repair is a promising strategy to restore β-cell mass and normoglycemia in diabetic patients. Potential strategies include targeting specific β-cell subpopulations to increase proliferation or maturation. Alternatively, transdifferentiation of pancreatic islet cells (e.g. α- or δ-cells), extra-islet cells (acinar and ductal cells), hepatocytes, or intestinal cells into insulin-producing cells might improve glycemic control. To this end, it is crucial to systematically characterize and unravel the transcriptional program of all pancreatic cell types at the molecular level in homeostasis and disease. Furthermore, it is necessary to better determine the underlying mechanisms of β-cell maturation, maintenance, and dysfunction in diabetes, to identify and molecularly profile endocrine subpopulations with regenerative potential, and to translate the findings from mice to man. Recent approaches in single-cell biology started to illuminate heterogeneity and plasticity in the pancreas that might be targeted for β-cell regeneration in diabetic patients. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review discusses recent literature on single-cell analysis including single-cell RNA sequencing, single-cell mass cytometry, and flow cytometry of pancreatic cell types in the context of mechanisms of endogenous β-cell regeneration. We discuss new findings on the regulation of postnatal β-cell proliferation and maturation. We highlight how single-cell analysis recapitulates described principles of functional β-cell heterogeneity in animal models and adds new knowledge on the extent of β-cell heterogeneity in humans as well as its role in homeostasis and disease. Furthermore, we summarize the findings on cell subpopulations with regenerative potential that might enable the formation of new β-cells in diseased state. Finally, we review new data on the transcriptional program and function of rare pancreatic cell types and their implication in diabetes. MAJOR CONCLUSION Novel, single-cell technologies offer high molecular resolution of cellular heterogeneity within the pancreas and provide information on processes and factors that govern β-cell homeostasis, proliferation, and maturation. Eventually, these technologies might lead to the characterization of cells with regenerative potential and unravel disease-associated changes in gene expression to identify cellular and molecular targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Tritschler
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Am Parkring 11, 85748 Garching-Hochbrück, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fabian J. Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Am Parkring 11, 85748 Garching-Hochbrück, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anika Böttcher
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Am Parkring 11, 85748 Garching-Hochbrück, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Duran-Ortiz S, Brittain AL, Kopchick JJ. The impact of growth hormone on proteomic profiles: a review of mouse and adult human studies. Clin Proteomics 2017; 14:24. [PMID: 28670222 PMCID: PMC5492507 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-017-9160-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) is a protein that is known to stimulate postnatal growth, counter regulate insulin's action and induce expression of insulin-like growth factor-1. GH exerts anabolic or catabolic effects depending upon on the targeted tissue. For instance, GH increases skeletal muscle and decreases adipose tissue mass. Our laboratory has spent the past two decades studying these effects, including the effects of GH excess and depletion, on the proteome of several mouse and human tissues. This review first discusses proteomic techniques that are commonly used for these types of studies. We then examine the proteomic differences found in mice with excess circulating GH (bGH mice) or mice with disruption of the GH receptor gene (GHR-/-). We also describe the effects of increased and decreased GH action on the proteome of adult patients with either acromegaly, GH deficiency or patients after short-term GH treatment. Finally, we explain how these proteomic studies resulted in the discovery of potential biomarkers for GH action, particularly those related with the effects of GH on aging, glucose metabolism and body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Duran-Ortiz
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA
| | - Alison L Brittain
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
| | - John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
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Leinartaité L, Svenningsson P. Folding Underlies Bidirectional Role of GPR37/Pael-R in Parkinson Disease. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2017. [PMID: 28629580 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Since conformational flexibility, which is required for the function of a protein, comes at the expense of structural stability, many proteins, including G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), are under constant risk of misfolding and aggregation. In this regard GPR37 (also named PAEL-R and ETBR-LP-1) takes a prominent role, particularly in relation to Parkinson disease (PD). GPR37 is a substrate for parkin and accumulates abnormally in autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism, contributing to endoplasmic reticulum stress and death of dopaminergic neurons. GPR37 also constitutes a core structure of Lewy bodies, demonstrating a more general involvement in PD pathology. However, if folded and matured properly, GPR37 seems to be neuroprotective. Moreover, GPR37 modulates functionality of the dopamine transporter and the dopamine D2 receptor and stimulates dopamine neurotransmission. Here we review the multiple roles of GPR37 with relevance to potential disease modification and symptomatic therapies of PD and highlight unsolved issues in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Leinartaité
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Mayers MD, Moon C, Stupp GS, Su AI, Wolan DW. Quantitative Metaproteomics and Activity-Based Probe Enrichment Reveals Significant Alterations in Protein Expression from a Mouse Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:1014-1026. [PMID: 28052195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tandem mass spectrometry based shotgun proteomics of distal gut microbiomes is exceedingly difficult due to the inherent complexity and taxonomic diversity of the samples. We introduce two new methodologies to improve metaproteomic studies of microbiome samples. These methods include the stable isotope labeling in mammals to permit protein quantitation across two mouse cohorts as well as the application of activity-based probes to enrich and analyze both host and microbial proteins with specific functionalities. We used these technologies to study the microbiota from the adoptive T cell transfer mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and compare these samples to an isogenic control, thereby limiting genetic and environmental variables that influence microbiome composition. The data generated highlight quantitative alterations in both host and microbial proteins due to intestinal inflammation and corroborates the observed phylogenetic changes in bacteria that accompany IBD in humans and mouse models. The combination of isotope labeling with shotgun proteomics resulted in the total identification of 4434 protein clusters expressed in the microbial proteomic environment, 276 of which demonstrated differential abundance between control and IBD mice. Notably, application of a novel cysteine-reactive probe uncovered several microbial proteases and hydrolases overrepresented in the IBD mice. Implementation of these methods demonstrated that substantial insights into the identity and dysregulation of host and microbial proteins altered in IBD can be accomplished and can be used in the interrogation of other microbiome-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Mayers
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, ‡Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, and §Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Clara Moon
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, ‡Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, and §Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Gregory S Stupp
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, ‡Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, and §Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Andrew I Su
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, ‡Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, and §Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Dennis W Wolan
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, ‡Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, and §Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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Mittermayer F, Caveney E, De Oliveira C, Fleming GA, Gourgiotis L, Puri M, Tai LJ, Turner JR. Addressing Unmet Medical Needs in Type 1 Diabetes: A Review of Drugs Under Development. Curr Diabetes Rev 2017; 13:300-314. [PMID: 27071617 PMCID: PMC5748875 DOI: 10.2174/1573399812666160413115655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is increasing worldwide and there is a very large need for effective therapies. Essentially no therapies other than insulin are currently approved for the treatment of T1D. Drugs already in use for type 2 diabetes and many new drugs are under clinical development for T1D, including compounds with both established and new mechanisms of action. Content of the Review: Most of the new compounds in clinical development are currently in Phase 1 and 2. Drug classes discussed in this review include new insulins, SGLT inhibitors, GLP-1 agonists, immunomodulatory drugs including autoantigens and anti-cytokines, agents that regenerate β-cells and others. Regulatory Considerations: In addition, considerations are provided with regard to the regulatory environment for the clinical development of drugs for T1D, with a focus on the United States Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency. Future opportunities, such as combination treatments of immunomodulatory and beta-cell regenerating therapies, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erica Caveney
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, Quintiles,
Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mala Puri
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Quintiles, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - J. Rick Turner
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, Quintiles,
Durham, NC, USA
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Säkkinen H, Aro J, Kaikkonen L, Ohukainen P, Näpänkangas J, Tokola H, Ruskoaho H, Rysä J. Mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 target regenerating islet-derived 3γ expression is upregulated in cardiac inflammatory response in the rat heart. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/20/e12996. [PMID: 27798352 PMCID: PMC5099961 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerating islet‐derived 3γ (Reg3γ) is a multifunctional protein, associated with various tissue injuries and inflammatory states. Since chronic inflammation is characteristics also for heart failure, the aim of this study was to characterize Reg3γ expression in cardiac inflammatory conditions. Reg3γ expression was studied in experimental rat models of myocardial infarction (MI) and pressure overload in vivo. For cell culture studies neonatal rat cardiac myocytes (NRCMs) were used. In addition, adenovirus‐mediated gene transfer of upstream mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase 3b and p38α MAPK in vivo and in vitro was performed. Reg3γ mRNA (12.8‐fold, P < 0.01) and protein (5.8‐fold, P < 0.001) levels were upregulated during the postinfarction remodeling at day 1 after MI, and angiotensin II (Ang II) markedly increased Reg3γ mRNA levels from 6 h to 2 weeks. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the Ang II‐induced expression of Reg3γ was localized into the cardiac fibroblasts and myofibroblasts of the proliferating connective tissue in the heart. Stretching and treatments with endothelin‐1, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and fibroblast growth factor‐1 increased Reg3γ mRNA levels in NRCMs. SB203580, a selective p38 MAPK inhibitor, markedly attenuated LPS and mechanical stretch‐induced upregulation of Reg3γ gene expression. Moreover, combined overexpression of MKK3bE and WT p38α increased Reg3γ gene expression in cultured cardiomyocytes in vitro and in the rat heart in vivo. Our study shows that cardiac stress activates Reg3γ expression and p38 MAPK is an upstream regulator of Reg3γ gene expression in heart. Altogether our data suggest Reg3γ is associated with cardiac inflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Säkkinen
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jani Aro
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Leena Kaikkonen
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pauli Ohukainen
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Näpänkangas
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Research and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heikki Tokola
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Research and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heikki Ruskoaho
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland .,Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Rysä
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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50
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Li Q, Liu JL, Gao ZH. REG3β Plays a Key Role in IL17RA Protumoral Effect-Letter. Cancer Res 2016; 76:2050. [PMID: 26992423 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Fraser Laboratories, the Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jun-Li Liu
- Fraser Laboratories, the Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Zu-Hua Gao
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
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