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Chen Q, Zhao X, Xu Z, Liu Y. Endoplasmic reticulum stress mechanisms and exercise intervention in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117122. [PMID: 38991302 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease primarily characterized by insulin resistance (IR) and insufficient insulin secretion. The unfolded protein response (UPR) overactivation induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) appears to play a key role in this process, although the exact pathogenesis of T2DM is not fully understood. Studies have demonstrated that appropriate exercise can regulate ERS in the heart, liver, pancreas, skeletal muscle, and other body tissues leading to an improvement in diabetes and its complications. However, the exact mechanism remains unclear. By analyzing the relationship between ERS, T2DM pathology, and exercise intervention, this review concludes that exercise can increase insulin sensitivity, inhibit IR, promote insulin secretion and alleviate T2DM by regulating ERS. This paper specifically reviews the signaling pathways by which ERS induces diabetes, the mechanisms of exercise regulation of ERS in diabetes, and the varying effects of different types of exercise on diabetes improvement through ERS mechanisms. Physical exercise is an effective non-pharmacological intervention for T2DM. Thus, further exploration of how exercise regulates ERS in diabetes could refine "precision exercise medicine" for diabetes and identify new drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Chen
- College of Physical Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China.
| | - Xiaoqin Zhao
- College of Physical Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China.
| | - Zujie Xu
- College of Physical Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China.
| | - Yiyao Liu
- College of Physical Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China.
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2
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Li J, Zhang Y, Tang R, Liu H, Li X, Lei W, Chen J, Jin Z, Tang J, Wang Z, Yang Y, Wu X. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β: A multifaceted player in ischemia-reperfusion injury and its therapeutic prospects. J Cell Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38962880 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) results in irreversible metabolic dysfunction and structural damage to tissues or organs, posing a formidable challenge in the field of organ implantation, cardiothoracic surgery, and general surgery. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) a multifunctional serine/threonine kinase, is involved in a variety of biological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, and immune response. Phosphorylation of its tyrosine 216 and serine 9 sites positively and negatively regulates the activation and inactivation of the enzyme. Significantly, inhibition or inactivation of GSK-3β provides protection against IRI, making it a viable target for drug development. Though numerous GSK-3β inhibitors have been identified to date, the development of therapeutic treatments remains a considerable distance away. In light of this, this review summarizes the complicated network of GSK-3β roles in IRI. First, we provide an overview of GSK-3β's basic background. Subsequently, we briefly review the pathological mechanisms of GSK-3β in accelerating IRI, and highlight the latest progress of GSK-3β in multiorgan IRI, encompassing heart, brain, kidney, liver, and intestine. Finally, we discuss the current development of GSK-3β inhibitors in various organ IRI, offering a thorough and insightful reference for GSK-3β as a potential target for future IRI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Li
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Northwest University First Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Northwest University First Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ran Tang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Northwest University First Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Northwest University First Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiayun Li
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Northwest University First Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wangrui Lei
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Northwest University First Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Junmin Chen
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Northwest University First Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenxiao Jin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiayou Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Central Theater Command General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Northwest University First Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaopeng Wu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Northwest University First Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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3
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Zhang X, Zhao G, Yang F, Li C, Lin W, Dai H, Zhai L, Xi X, Yuan Q, Huo J. Transcriptional Regulation Analysis Provides Insight into the Function of GSK3β Gene in Diannan Small-Ear Pig Spermatogenesis. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:655. [PMID: 38927591 PMCID: PMC11203124 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) not only plays a crucial role in regulating sperm maturation but also is pivotal in orchestrating the acrosome reaction. Here, we integrated single-molecule long-read and short-read sequencing to comprehensively examine GSK3β expression patterns in adult Diannan small-ear pig (DSE) testes. We identified the most important transcript ENSSSCT00000039364 of GSK3β, obtaining its full-length coding sequence (CDS) spanning 1263 bp. Gene structure analysis located GSK3β on pig chromosome 13 with 12 exons. Protein structure analysis reflected that GSK3β consisted of 420 amino acids containing PKc-like conserved domains. Phylogenetic analysis underscored the evolutionary conservation and homology of GSK3β across different mammalian species. The evaluation of the protein interaction network, KEGG, and GO pathways implied that GSK3β interacted with 50 proteins, predominantly involved in the Wnt signaling pathway, papillomavirus infection, hippo signaling pathway, hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, endometrial cancer, basal cell carcinoma, and Alzheimer's disease. Functional annotation identified that GSK3β was involved in thirteen GOs, including six molecular functions and seven biological processes. ceRNA network analysis suggested that DSE GSK3β was regulated by 11 miRNA targets. Furthermore, qPCR expression analysis across 15 tissues highlighted that GSK3β was highly expressed in the testis. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that the majority of the GSK3β protein was located in the cytoplasm of ST (swine testis) cells, with a small amount detected in the nucleus. Overall, our findings shed new light on GSK3β's role in DSE reproduction, providing a foundation for further functional studies of GSK3β function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhang
- Department of Biological and Food Engineering, Lyuliang University, Lvliang 033001, China;
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (G.Z.); (F.Y.); (C.L.); (W.L.); (H.D.); (L.Z.); (X.X.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Guiying Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (G.Z.); (F.Y.); (C.L.); (W.L.); (H.D.); (L.Z.); (X.X.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Fuhua Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (G.Z.); (F.Y.); (C.L.); (W.L.); (H.D.); (L.Z.); (X.X.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Changyao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (G.Z.); (F.Y.); (C.L.); (W.L.); (H.D.); (L.Z.); (X.X.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Wan Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (G.Z.); (F.Y.); (C.L.); (W.L.); (H.D.); (L.Z.); (X.X.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Hongmei Dai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (G.Z.); (F.Y.); (C.L.); (W.L.); (H.D.); (L.Z.); (X.X.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Lan Zhai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (G.Z.); (F.Y.); (C.L.); (W.L.); (H.D.); (L.Z.); (X.X.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Xuemin Xi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (G.Z.); (F.Y.); (C.L.); (W.L.); (H.D.); (L.Z.); (X.X.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Qingting Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (G.Z.); (F.Y.); (C.L.); (W.L.); (H.D.); (L.Z.); (X.X.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Jinlong Huo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (G.Z.); (F.Y.); (C.L.); (W.L.); (H.D.); (L.Z.); (X.X.); (Q.Y.)
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Sawant N, Kshirsagar S, Reddy PH, Reddy AP. Protective effects of SSRI, Citalopram in mutant APP and mutant Tau expressed dorsal raphe neurons in Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166942. [PMID: 37931714 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Depression is among the most common neuropsychiatric comorbidities in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other Tauopathies. Apart from its anti-depressive and anxiolytic effects, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment also offers intracellular modifications that may help to improve neurogenesis, reduce amyloid burden & Tau pathologies, and neuroinflammation in AD. Despite its multifaceted impact in the brain, the exact physiological and molecular mechanism by which SSRIs such as Citalopram improve neurogenesis and synaptogenesis in dementia is poorly understood. In the current study, we investigated the protective role of SSRI, Citalopram, in serotonergic, medullary raphe neurons (RN46A-B14). RN46A-B14 cells were transfected with wild-type and mutant APP and Tau cDNAs for 24 h and then treated with 20 μM Cit for 24 h. We then assessed mRNA and protein levels of pTau, total Tau, serotonin related proteins such as TPH2, SERT, and 5HTR1a, synaptic proteins and the cytoskeletal structure. We also assessed cell survival, mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial morphology. The mutant APP and Tau transfected cells showed increased levels of serotonin related proteins and mRNA, while the mRNA and protein levels of synaptic proteins were downregulated. Citalopram treatment significantly reduced pathologically pTau level along with the serotonin related protein levels. On the other hand, there was a significant increase in the mRNA and protein levels of synaptic genes and cytoskeletal structure in the treated groups. Further, Citalopram also improved cell survival, mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial morphology in the treated cells that express mAPP and mTau. Taken together these findings suggest Citalopram could not only be a promising therapeutic drug for treating patients with depression, but also for AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sawant
- Nutritional Sciences Department, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Sudhir Kshirsagar
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Nutritional Sciences Department, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Pharmacology & Neuroscience Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Neurology Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences Departments, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Public Health Department, School of Population and Public Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Arubala P Reddy
- Nutritional Sciences Department, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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Xia J, Wang Z, Yu P, Yan X, Zhao J, Zhang G, Gong D, Zeng Z. Effect of Different Medium-Chain Triglycerides on Glucose Metabolism in High-Fat-Diet Induced Obese Rats. Foods 2024; 13:241. [PMID: 38254542 PMCID: PMC10815142 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity can be associated with significant metabolic disorders. Our previous study found that medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) improved lipid metabolism in obese rats. However, scant attention has been given to exploring the impact of MCTs on glucose metabolism in obese rats. This study is designed to examine the effects and mechanisms of three distinct MCTs on glucose metabolism in obese rats. To induce obesity, Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were fed a high-fat diet, followed by a 12-week treatment with caprylic triglyceride (CYT), capric triglyceride (CT), and lauric triglyceride (LT). The results showed that three types of MCT intervention reduced the levels of lipids (TC, TG, LDL-c, and HDL-c), hyperglycemia, insulin resistance (insulin, OGTT, HOMA-IR, and ISI), and inflammatory markers (IL-4, IL-1β, and TNF-α) in obese rats (p < 0.01), The above parameters have been minimally improved in the high-fat restoring group (HR) group. MCTs can modulate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathways to alleviate insulin resistance and improve glucose metabolism in obese rats. Furthermore, MCTs can activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ and reduce the phosphorylation of PPARγser237 mediated by CDK5, which can improve insulin sensitivity without lipid deposition in obese rats. Among the MCT group, CT administration performed the best in the above pathways, with the lowest blood glucose level and insulin resistance. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the connection between health benefits and the specific type of MCT employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaheng Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (J.X.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhixin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (J.X.); (Z.W.)
| | - Ping Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (J.X.); (Z.W.)
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Resources Exploitation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xianghui Yan
- School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;
| | - Junxin Zhao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;
| | - Guohua Zhang
- Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China;
| | - Deming Gong
- New Zealand Institute of Natural Medicine Research, 8 Ha Crescent, Auckland 2104, New Zealand;
| | - Zheling Zeng
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Resources Exploitation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
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Horvat A, Vlašić I, Štefulj J, Oršolić N, Jazvinšćak Jembrek M. Flavonols as a Potential Pharmacological Intervention for Alleviating Cognitive Decline in Diabetes: Evidence from Preclinical Studies. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2291. [PMID: 38137892 PMCID: PMC10744738 DOI: 10.3390/life13122291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disease associated with reduced synaptic plasticity, atrophy of the hippocampus, and cognitive decline. Cognitive impairment results from several pathological mechanisms, including increased levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their receptors, prolonged oxidative stress and impaired activity of endogenous mechanisms of antioxidant defense, neuroinflammation driven by the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), decreased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and disturbance of signaling pathways involved in neuronal survival and cognitive functioning. There is increasing evidence that dietary interventions can reduce the risk of various diabetic complications. In this context, flavonols, a highly abundant class of flavonoids in the human diet, are appreciated as a potential pharmacological intervention against cognitive decline in diabetes. In preclinical studies, flavonols have shown neuroprotective, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and memory-enhancing properties based on their ability to regulate glucose levels, attenuate oxidative stress and inflammation, promote the expression of neurotrophic factors, and regulate signaling pathways. The present review gives an overview of the molecular mechanisms involved in diabetes-induced cognitive dysfunctions and the results of preclinical studies showing that flavonols have the ability to alleviate cognitive impairment. Although the results from animal studies are promising, clinical and epidemiological studies are still needed to advance our knowledge on the potential of flavonols to improve cognitive decline in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anđela Horvat
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ignacija Vlašić
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasminka Štefulj
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Croatia, Ilica 242, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nada Oršolić
- Division of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Jazvinšćak Jembrek
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Croatia, Ilica 242, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Umbarkar P, Ruiz Ramirez SY, Toro Cora A, Tousif S, Lal H. GSK-3 at the heart of cardiometabolic diseases: Isoform-specific targeting is critical to therapeutic benefit. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166724. [PMID: 37094727 PMCID: PMC10247467 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a family of serine/threonine kinases. The GSK-3 family has 2 isoforms, GSK-3α and GSK-3β. The GSK-3 isoforms have been shown to play overlapping as well as isoform-specific-unique roles in both, organ homeostasis and the pathogenesis of multiple diseases. In the present review, we will particularly focus on expanding the isoform-specific role of GSK-3 in the pathophysiology of cardiometabolic disorders. We will highlight recent data from our lab that demonstrated the critical role of cardiac fibroblast (CF) GSK-3α in promoting injury-induced myofibroblast transformation, adverse fibrotic remodeling, and deterioration of cardiac function. We will also discuss studies that found the exact opposite role of CF-GSK-3β in cardiac fibrosis. We will review emerging studies with inducible cardiomyocyte (CM)-specific as well as global isoform-specific GSK-3 KOs that demonstrated inhibition of both GSK-3 isoforms provides benefits against obesity-associated cardiometabolic pathologies. The underlying molecular interactions and crosstalk among GSK-3 and other signaling pathways will be discussed. We will briefly review the specificity and limitations of the available small molecule inhibitors targeting GSK-3 and their potential applications to treat metabolic disorders. Finally, we will summarize these findings and offer our perspective on envisioning GSK-3 as a therapeutic target for the management of cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Umbarkar
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Sulivette Y Ruiz Ramirez
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Angelica Toro Cora
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Sultan Tousif
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Hind Lal
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Livingstone JD, Gingras MJ, Leonenko Z, Beazely MA. Search for lithium isotope effects in neuronal HT22 cells. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 34:101461. [PMID: 37063814 PMCID: PMC10102007 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lithium has been used as a treatment for bipolar disorder for over half a century, but there has thus far been no clinical differentiation made between the two naturally occurring stable isotopes (6Li and 7Li). While the natural lithium salts commonly used in treatments are composed of a mixture of these two stable isotopes (approximately 7.59% 6Li and 92.41% 7Li), some preliminary research indicates the above two stable isotopes of lithium may have differential effects on rat behaviour and neurophysiology. Here, we evaluate whether lithium isotopes may have distinct effects on HT22 neuronal cell viability, GSK-3-β phosphorylation in HT22 cells, and GSK-3-β kinase activity. We report no significant difference in lithium isotope toxicity on HT22 cells, nor in GSK-3-β phosphorylation, nor in GSK-3-β kinase activity between the two isotopes of lithium.
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Liang M, Wang L, Wang W. The 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase inhibitor SW033291 ameliorates abnormal hepatic glucose metabolism through PGE 2-EP4 receptor-AKT signaling in a type 2 diabetes mellitus mouse model. Cell Signal 2023; 108:110707. [PMID: 37164143 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a lipid signaling molecule that can ameliorate the symptoms of some metabolic diseases, including T2DM, and improve tissue repair and regeneration. Although SW033291 can increase PGE2 levels through its action as a small molecule inhibitor of the PGE2-degrading enzyme 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase, its effects on T2DM remain unclear. In the present study, we evaluated whether SW033291 treatment exerts a protective effect against T2DM and explored the underlying mechanisms. A T2DM mouse model was established using a high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin treatment. Palmitic acid-treated LO2 cells were used as an insulin-resistant cell model. SW033291 treatment reduced body weight and fasting blood glucose levels as well as serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in vivo. In addition to ameliorating glucose and insulin tolerance, SW033291 treatment reversed the T2DM-induced decrease in glycogen synthesis and increase in gluconeogenesis in the liver. Furthermore, SW033291 administration increased hepatic glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) phosphorylation levels to promote glycogen synthesis. SW033291 treatment also inhibited gluconeogenesis by upregulating AKT serine/threonine kinase (AKT) and forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) phosphorylation and reducing glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 expression in the livers of T2DM model mice. Additionally, SW033291 treatment improved abnormal hepatic glucose metabolism through the PGE2-EP4 receptor-AKT-GSK3β/FOXO1 signaling pathway in vitro. These results suggest a novel role of SW033291 in improving T2DM and support its potential as a novel therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Liang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Research Center of Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine in Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lexun Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Research Center of Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine in Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weixuan Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Research Center of Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine in Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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AlMuraikhi N, Binhamdan S, Alaskar H, Alotaibi A, Tareen S, Muthurangan M, Alfayez M. Inhibition of GSK-3β Enhances Osteoblast Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells through Wnt Signalling Overexpressing Runx2. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087164. [PMID: 37108323 PMCID: PMC10139012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Small-molecule-inhibitor-based bone differentiation has been recently exploited as a novel approach to regulating osteogenesis-related signaling pathways. In this study, we identified 1-Azakenpaullone, a highly selective inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), as a powerful inducer of osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). GSK-3β is a serine-threonine protein kinase that plays a major role in different disease development. GSK-3β is a key regulator of Runx2 activity in osteoblastic formation. We evaluated alkaline phosphatase activity and staining assays to assess osteoblast differentiation and Alizarin Red staining to assess the mineralization of cultured human MSCs. Gene expression profiling was assessed using an Agilent microarray platform, and bioinformatics were performed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software. Human MSCs treated with 1-Azakenpaullone showed higher ALP activity, increased in vitro mineralized matrix formation, and the upregulation of osteoblast-specific marker gene expression. Global gene expression profiling of 1-Azakenpaullone-treated human MSCs identified 1750 upregulated and 2171 downregulated mRNA transcripts compared to control cells. It also suggested possible changes in various signaling pathways, including Wnt, TGFβ, and Hedgehog. Further bioinformatics analysis employing Ingenuity Pathway Analysis recognized significant enrichment in the 1-Azakenpaullone-treated cells of genetic networks involved in CAMP, PI3K (Complex), P38 MAPK, and HIF1A signaling and functional categories associated with connective tissue development. Our results suggest that 1-Azakenpaullone significantly induced the osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization of human MSCs mediated by the activation of Wnt signaling and the nuclear accumulation of β-catenin, leading to the upregulation of Runx2, a key transcription factor that ultimately promotes the expression of osteoblast-specific genes. Thus, 1-Azakenpaullone could be used as an osteo-promotor factor in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihal AlMuraikhi
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Binhamdan
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanouf Alaskar
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Alotaibi
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumaiya Tareen
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manikandan Muthurangan
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Musaad Alfayez
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Fazakerley DJ, van Gerwen J, Cooke KC, Duan X, Needham EJ, Díaz-Vegas A, Madsen S, Norris DM, Shun-Shion AS, Krycer JR, Burchfield JG, Yang P, Wade MR, Brozinick JT, James DE, Humphrey SJ. Phosphoproteomics reveals rewiring of the insulin signaling network and multi-nodal defects in insulin resistance. Nat Commun 2023; 14:923. [PMID: 36808134 PMCID: PMC9938909 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36549-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The failure of metabolic tissues to appropriately respond to insulin ("insulin resistance") is an early marker in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Protein phosphorylation is central to the adipocyte insulin response, but how adipocyte signaling networks are dysregulated upon insulin resistance is unknown. Here we employ phosphoproteomics to delineate insulin signal transduction in adipocyte cells and adipose tissue. Across a range of insults causing insulin resistance, we observe a marked rewiring of the insulin signaling network. This includes both attenuated insulin-responsive phosphorylation, and the emergence of phosphorylation uniquely insulin-regulated in insulin resistance. Identifying dysregulated phosphosites common to multiple insults reveals subnetworks containing non-canonical regulators of insulin action, such as MARK2/3, and causal drivers of insulin resistance. The presence of several bona fide GSK3 substrates among these phosphosites led us to establish a pipeline for identifying context-specific kinase substrates, revealing widespread dysregulation of GSK3 signaling. Pharmacological inhibition of GSK3 partially reverses insulin resistance in cells and tissue explants. These data highlight that insulin resistance is a multi-nodal signaling defect that includes dysregulated MARK2/3 and GSK3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Fazakerley
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Julian van Gerwen
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Kristen C Cooke
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Xiaowen Duan
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Elise J Needham
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Alexis Díaz-Vegas
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Søren Madsen
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Dougall M Norris
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Amber S Shun-Shion
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - James R Krycer
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QL, Australia
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QL, Australia
| | - James G Burchfield
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Pengyi Yang
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Computational Systems Biology Group, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Mark R Wade
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Joseph T Brozinick
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - David E James
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia.
| | - Sean J Humphrey
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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12
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Sheibani M, Jalali-Farahani F, Zarghami R, Sadrai S. Insulin Signaling Pathway Model in Adipocyte Cells. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:37-47. [PMID: 36518037 DOI: 10.2174/1381612829666221214122802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most pervasive and fastgrowing disorders, bringing long-term adverse effects. T2DM arises from pancreatic β-cells deficiency to produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin produced by such cells. Accordingly, early diagnosis will decrease the long-term effects and high-healthcare costs of diabetes. OBJECTIVE The objective is developing an integrated mathematical model of the insulin signaling network based on Brännmark's model, which can simulate the signaling events more comprehensively with the added key components. METHODS In this study, a thorough mathematical model of the insulin signaling network was developed by expanding the previously validated model and incorporating the glycogen synthesis module. Parameters (69 parameters) of the integrated model were evaluated by a genetic algorithm by fitting the model predictions to eighty percent of experimental data from the literature. Twenty percent of the experimental data were used to evaluate the final optimized model. RESULTS The time-response curves indicate that the GS phosphorylation reaches its maximum in response to 10-7 M insulin after 4 min, while the maximum phosphorylated GSK3 is attained within ~50 min. The doseresponse curves for the GSP and GSK3 of the insulin signaling intermediaries in response to the increased concentration of insulin, after 10 min, in the input from 0-100 nM exhibits a decreasing trend, whereas an increasing trend was observed for the GS and GSK3P. The GSK and GS phosphorylation sensitivity was enhanced by increasing the initial insulin concentration level from 0.001 to 100 nM. However, the sensitivity of GSK3 to insulin concentration changes (from 0.001 to 100 nM) was 3-fold higher than GS sensitivity. CONCLUSION Considerably, the trends of all signaling components simulated by the expanded model shows high compatibility with experimental data (R2 ≥ 0.9), which approves the accuracy of the proposed model. The proposed mathematical model can be used in many biological systems and combined with the whole-body model of the blood glucose regulation system for a better understanding of the causes and potential treatment of type 2 diabetes. Although, this model is not a complete description of insulin signaling, yet it can make profound contributions to improvements regarding other important components and signaling branches such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling, as well as signaling in other cell types in the model structure of future works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monir Sheibani
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Process Centers of Excellence, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhang Jalali-Farahani
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Process Centers of Excellence, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Zarghami
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Process Centers of Excellence, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Sadrai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Osonoi S, Mizukami H, Takeuchi Y, Sugawa H, Ogasawara S, Takaku S, Sasaki T, Kudoh K, Ito K, Sango K, Nagai R, Yamamoto Y, Daimon M, Yamamoto H, Yagihashi S. RAGE activation in macrophages and development of experimental diabetic polyneuropathy. JCI Insight 2022; 7:160555. [PMID: 36477360 PMCID: PMC9746912 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.160555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is suggested that activation of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) induces proinflammatory response in diabetic nerve tissues. Macrophage infiltration is invoked in the pathogenesis of diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN), while the association between macrophage and RAGE activation and the downstream effects of macrophages remain to be fully clarified in DPN. This study explored the role of RAGE in the pathogenesis of DPN through the modified macrophages. Infiltrating proinflammatory macrophages impaired insulin sensitivity, atrophied the neurons in dorsal root ganglion, and slowed retrograde axonal transport (RAT) in the sciatic nerve of type 1 diabetic mice. RAGE-null mice showed an increase in the population of antiinflammatory macrophages, accompanied by intact insulin sensitivity, normalized ganglion cells, and RAT. BM transplantation from RAGE-null mice to diabetic mice protected the peripheral nerve deficits, suggesting that RAGE is a major determinant for the polarity of macrophages in DPN. In vitro coculture analyses revealed proinflammatory macrophage-elicited insulin resistance in the primary neuronal cells isolated from dorsal root ganglia. Applying time-lapse recording disclosed a direct impact of proinflammatory macrophage and insulin resistance on the RAT deficits in primary neuronal cultures. These results provide a potentially novel insight into the development of RAGE-related DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Osonoi
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | | | - Yuki Takeuchi
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hikari Sugawa
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Department of Bioscience, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | - Shizuka Takaku
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Department of Diseases and Infection, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Koichi Ito
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kazunori Sango
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Department of Diseases and Infection, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoji Nagai
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Department of Bioscience, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Daimon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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14
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Luo Y, Lu J, Wang Z, Wang L, Wu G, Guo Y, Dong Z. Small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO)ylation of SIRT1 mediates (-)-epicatechin inhibited- differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:1762-1770. [PMID: 36086802 PMCID: PMC9467557 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2101672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT (-)-Epicatechin (EPI) is a crucial substance involved in the protective effects of flavanol-rich foods. Previous studies have indicated EPI has a cardioprotective effect, but the molecular mechanisms in inhibition of cardiac fibrosis are unclear. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the effect of EPI in preventing cardiac fibrosis and the underlying molecular mechanism related to the SIRT1-SUMO1/AKT/GSK3β pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cardiac fibrosis mice model was established with transaortic constriction (TAC). Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly separated into 4 groups. Mice received 1 mg/kg/day of EPI or vehicle orally for 4 weeks. The acutely isolated cardiac fibroblasts were induced to myofibroblasts with 1 µM angiotensin II (Ang II). The cardiac function was measured with the ultrasonic instrument. Histological analysis of mice's hearts was determined with H&E or Masson method. The protein level of fibrosis markers, SUMOylation of SIRT1, and AKT/GSK3β pathway were quantified by immunofluorescence and western blot. RESULTS EPI treatment (1 mg/kg/day) could reverse the TAC-induced decline in LVEF (TAC, 61.28% ± 1.33% vs. TAC + EPI, 74.00% ± 1.64%), LVFS (TAC, 28.16% ± 0.89% vs. TAC + EPI, 37.18% ± 1.29%). Meantime, we found that 10 µM EPI blocks Ang II-induced transformation of cardiac fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. The underlying mechanism of EPI-inhibited myofibroblasts transformation involves activation of SUMOylation of SIRT1 through SP1. Furthermore, SUMOylation of SIRT1 inhibited Ang II-induced fibrogenic effect via the AKT/GSK3β pathway. CONCLUSION EPI plays a protective effect on cardiac fibrosis by regulating the SUMO1-dependent modulation of SIRT1, which provides a theoretical basis for use in clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lu Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Acousto-Optic Electromagnetic Diagnosis and Treatment in Heilongjiang Province, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guodong Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Acousto-Optic Electromagnetic Diagnosis and Treatment in Heilongjiang Province, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Acousto-Optic Electromagnetic Diagnosis and Treatment in Heilongjiang Province, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zengxiang Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Acousto-Optic Electromagnetic Diagnosis and Treatment in Heilongjiang Province, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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15
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Ajiboye B, Fagbola T, Folorunso I, Salami A, Aletile O, Akomolede B, Ayemoni F, Akinfemiwa K, Anwo V, Ojeleke M, Oyinloye B. In silico identification of chemical compounds in Spondias mombin targeting aldose reductase and glycogen synthase kinase 3β to abate diabetes mellitus. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2022.101126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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16
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Kaushik A, Sangtani R, Parmar HS, Bala K. Algal metabolites: Paving the way towards new generation antidiabetic therapeutics. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Kang CW, Park M, Lee HJ. Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Leaf Extract and 1-Deoxynojirimycin Improve Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance via the Activation of IRS-1/PI3K/Akt Pathway in db/db Mice. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12101630. [PMID: 36295064 PMCID: PMC9604886 DOI: 10.3390/life12101630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves have been used to lower blood glucose in patients with diabetes. We evaluated the effects of mulberry leaves extract (MLE) and 1-deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ) in improving insulin resistance through the activation of the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt pathway in the skeletal muscle of db/db mice. Histological analysis revealed an amelioration of muscle deformation and increased muscle fiber size. MLE and 1-DNJ positively raised the protein expression of related glucose uptake and increased the translocation of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) to the membrane. Furthermore, MLE and 1-DNJ activated the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt pathway in the skeletal muscle and, subsequently, modulated the protein levels of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3β) and glycogen synthase (GS), leading to elevated muscle glycogen content. These findings suggest that MLE and 1-DNJ supplementation improves insulin resistance by modulating the insulin signaling pathway in the skeletal muscle of db/db mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae-Won Kang
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Miey Park
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (H.-J.L.); Tel.: +82-31-750-4409 (M.P.); +82-31-750-5968 (H.-J.L.); Fax: +82-31-724-4411 (H.-J.L.)
| | - Hae-Jeung Lee
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (H.-J.L.); Tel.: +82-31-750-4409 (M.P.); +82-31-750-5968 (H.-J.L.); Fax: +82-31-724-4411 (H.-J.L.)
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18
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El-Ashmawy NE, Khedr EG, Alfeky NH, Ibrahim AO. Upregulation of GLUT4 and PI3K, and downregulation of GSK3 mediate the anti-hyperglycemic effects of proanthocyanidins. MEDICINE INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2:14. [PMID: 36698506 PMCID: PMC9829200 DOI: 10.3892/mi.2022.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is the most common chronic metabolic disorder worldwide. The present study was designed to investigate the potential role of cinnamon bark extract oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs) in controlling streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemia and to clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms underlying its effects. For this purpose, 60 male rats were equally divided into six groups as follows: The normal control group; OPC control group (non-diabetic rats treated with OPC at 300 mg/kg orally for 21 days); the untreated diabetic control group; the wortmannin control group [diabetic rats treated with wortmannin at 1 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.) on the final day of the experiment]; the OPC diabetic group (diabetic rats treated with OPC at 300 mg/kg orally for 21 days); and the OPC diabetic + wortmannin co-treated group (diabetic rats treated with OPC at 300 mg/kg/day for 21 consecutive days and then 24 h after the final OPC dose treated with a single wortmannin injection at 1 mg/kg, i.p.). The results indicated that OPC ameliorated the diabetic state, as evidenced by a significant decrease in serum glucose levels, and a significant increase in the levels of insulin, amylin, insulin receptor phosphorylation, glycogen and glucose transporter-4 translocation; it also improved the lipid profile in STZ-diabetic rats. On the whole, the findings of the present study provide biochemical evidence that OPC treatment is effective as an anti-diabetic and anti-hyperlipidemic agent by enhancing glucose uptake through the activation of insulin receptor kinase activity and the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla E. El-Ashmawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Gharbia 31111, Egypt
| | - Eman G. Khedr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Gharbia 31111, Egypt
| | - Nehal H. Alfeky
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Gharbia 31111, Egypt
| | - Amera O. Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Gharbia 31111, Egypt,Correspondence to: Dr Amera O. Ibrahim, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, El-Geish Street, Tanta, Gharbia 31111, Egypt
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19
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Gupte M, Tousif S, Lemon JJ, Toro Cora A, Umbarkar P, Lal H. Isoform-Specific Role of GSK-3 in High Fat Diet Induced Obesity and Glucose Intolerance. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030559. [PMID: 35159367 PMCID: PMC8834358 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity-associated metabolic disorders are rising to pandemic proportions; hence, there is an urgent need to identify underlying molecular mechanisms. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) signaling is highly implicated in metabolic diseases. Furthermore, GSK-3 expression and activity are increased in Type 2 diabetes patients. However, the isoform-specific role of GSK-3 in obesity and glucose intolerance is unclear. Pharmacological GSK-3 inhibitors are not isoform-specific, and tissue-specific genetic models are of limited value to predict the clinical outcome of systemic inhibiion. To overcome these limitations, we created novel mouse models of ROSA26CreERT2-driven, tamoxifen-inducible conditional deletion of GSK-3 that allowed us to delete the gene globally in an isoform-specific and temporal manner. Isoform-specific GSK-3 KOs and littermate controls were subjected to a 16-week high-fat diet (HFD) protocol. On an HFD, GSK-3α KO mice had a significantly lower body weight and modest improvement in glucose tolerance compared to their littermate controls. In contrast, GSK-3β-deletion-mediated improved glucose tolerance was evident much earlier in the timeline and extended up to 12 weeks post-HFD. However, this protective effect weakened after chronic HFD (16 weeks) when GSK-3β KO mice had a significantly higher body weight compared to controls. Importantly, GSK-3β KO mice on a control diet maintained significant improvement in glucose tolerance even after 16 weeks. In summary, our novel mouse models allowed us to delineate the isoform-specific role of GSK-3 in obesity and glucose tolerance. From a translational perspective, our findings underscore the importance of maintaining a healthy weight in patients receiving lithium therapy, which is thought to work by GSK-3 inhibition mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Gupte
- Department of Biology, Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, TN 37044, USA;
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (H.L.)
| | - Sultan Tousif
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (S.T.); (A.T.C.); (P.U.)
| | - Jacob J. Lemon
- Department of Biology, Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, TN 37044, USA;
| | - Angelica Toro Cora
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (S.T.); (A.T.C.); (P.U.)
| | - Prachi Umbarkar
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (S.T.); (A.T.C.); (P.U.)
| | - Hind Lal
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (S.T.); (A.T.C.); (P.U.)
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (H.L.)
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20
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Bala A, Roy S, Das D, Marturi V, Mondal C, Patra S, Haldar PK, Samajdar G. Role of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 in the Etiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review. Curr Diabetes Rev 2022; 18:e300721195147. [PMID: 34376135 DOI: 10.2174/1573399817666210730094225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing abundantly due to lifestyle-related obesity and associated cardiovascular problems. Presently, Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) has gained considerable attention from biomedical scientists to treat diabetes. Phosphorylation of GSK-3 permits a number of cellular activities like regulation of cell signaling, cellular metabolism, cell proliferation and cellular transport. Inhibiting GSK-3 activity by pharmacological intervention has become an important strategy for the management of T2DM. This review focuses on the schematic representation of fundamental GSK-3 enzymology and encompasses the GSK-3 inhibitors as a future therapeutic lead target for the management of T2DM that may significantly regulate insulin sensitivity to insulin receptor, glycogen synthesis and glucose metabolism. The various signaling mechanisms of inhibiting the GSK-3 by describing insulin signaling through Insulin Receptor Substrate (IRS-1), Phosphatidylinositol-3 Kinase (PI3K) and Protein Kinase B (PKB/ AKT) pathways that may hopefully facilitate the pharmacologist to design for antidiabetic drug evaluation model in near future have also been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asis Bala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, EPIP Campus, Hajipur, Bihar 844102, India
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, 157/F, Nilgunj Road, Panihati, Sodepur, Kolkata-700114; India
| | - Susmita Roy
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, 157/F, Nilgunj Road, Panihati, Sodepur, Kolkata-700114; India
| | - Debanjana Das
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, EPIP Campus, Hajipur, Bihar 844102, India
| | - Venkatesh Marturi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, EPIP Campus, Hajipur, Bihar 844102, India
| | - Chaitali Mondal
- TCG Life Sciences (Chembiotek) Pvt. Ltd., Sector V, Salt Lake Electronics Complex, Kolkata, West Bengal 700091, India
| | - Susmita Patra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Pallab Kanti Haldar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Gourav Samajdar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, 157/F, Nilgunj Road, Panihati, Sodepur, Kolkata-700114; India
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21
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Parkman GL, Foth M, Kircher DA, Holmen SL, McMahon M. The role of PI3'-lipid signalling in melanoma initiation, progression and maintenance. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:43-56. [PMID: 34717019 PMCID: PMC8724390 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-3'-kinases (PI3Ks) are a family of lipid kinases that phosphorylate the 3' hydroxyl (OH) of the inositol ring of phosphatidylinositides (PI). Through their downstream effectors, PI3K generated lipids (PI3K-lipids hereafter) such as PI(3,4,5)P3 and PI(3,4)P2 regulate myriad biochemical and biological processes in both normal and cancer cells including responses to growth hormones and cytokines; the cell division cycle; cell death; cellular growth; angiogenesis; membrane dynamics; and autophagy and many aspects of cellular metabolism. Engagement of receptor tyrosine kinase by their cognate ligands leads to activation of members of the Class I family of PI3'-kinases (PI3Kα, β, δ & γ) leading to accumulation of PI3K-lipids. Importantly, PI3K-lipid accumulation is antagonized by the hydrolytic action of a number of PI3K-lipid phosphatases, most notably the melanoma suppressor PTEN (lipid phosphatase and tensin homologue). Downstream of PI3K-lipid production, the protein kinases AKT1-3 are believed to be key effectors of PI3'-kinase signalling in cells. Indeed, in preclinical models, activation of the PI3K→AKT signalling axis cooperates with alterations such as expression of the BRAFV600E oncoprotein kinase to promote melanoma progression and metastasis. In this review, we describe the different classes of PI3K-lipid effectors, and how they may promote melanomagenesis, influence the tumour microenvironment, melanoma maintenance and progression to metastatic disease. We also provide an update on both FDA-approved or experimental inhibitors of the PI3K→AKT pathway that are currently being evaluated for the treatment of melanoma either in preclinical models or in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennie L. Parkman
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Mona Foth
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - David A. Kircher
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Sheri L. Holmen
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Martin McMahon
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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22
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Charytoniuk T, Sztolsztener K, Harasim-Symbor E, Berk K, Chabowski A, Konstantynowicz-Nowicka K. Cannabidiol - A phytocannabinoid that widely affects sphingolipid metabolism under conditions of brain insulin resistance. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112057. [PMID: 34435590 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-related insulin resistance (IR) and attenuated brain insulin signaling are significant risk factors for neurodegenerative disorders, e.g., Alzheimer's disease. IR and type 2 diabetes correlate with an increased concentration of sphingolipids, a class of lipids that play an essential structural role in cellular membranes and cell signaling pathways. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a nonpsychoactive constituent of Cannabis sativa plant that interacts with the endocannabinoidome. Despite known positive effects of CBD on improvement in diabetes and its aftermath, e.g., anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects, there are no studies evaluating the effect of phytocannabinoids on the brain insulin resistance and sphingolipid metabolism. Our experiment was carried out on Wistar rats that received a high-fat diet and/or intraperitoneal CBD injections. In our study, we indicated inhibition of de novo synthesis and salvage pathways, which resulted in significant changes in the concentration of sphingolipids, e.g., ceramide and sphingomyelin. Furthermore, we observed reduced brain IR and decreased tau protein phosphorylation what might be protective against neuropathologies development. We believe that our research will concern a new possible therapeutic approach with Cannabis -plant derived compounds and within a few years, cannabinoids would be considered as prominent substances for targeting both metabolic and neurodegenerative pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Charytoniuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicz Str. 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Klaudia Sztolsztener
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicz Str. 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Ewa Harasim-Symbor
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicz Str. 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Klaudia Berk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicz Str. 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicz Str. 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
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23
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Abou Azar F, Lim GE. Metabolic Contributions of Wnt Signaling: More Than Controlling Flight. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:709823. [PMID: 34568323 PMCID: PMC8458764 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.709823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The canonical Wnt signaling pathway is ubiquitous throughout the body and influences a diverse array of physiological processes. Following the initial discovery of the Wnt signaling pathway during wing development in Drosophila melanogaster, it is now widely appreciated that active Wnt signaling in mammals is necessary for the development and growth of various tissues involved in whole-body metabolism, such as brain, liver, pancreas, muscle, and adipose. Moreover, elegant gain- and loss-of-function studies have dissected the tissue-specific roles of various downstream effector molecules in the regulation of energy homeostasis. This review attempts to highlight and summarize the contributions of the Wnt signaling pathway and its downstream effectors on whole-body metabolism and their influence on the development of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes and obesity. A better understanding of the Wnt signaling pathway in these tissues may aid in guiding the development of future therapeutics to treat metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Abou Azar
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Cardiometabolic Axis, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gareth E Lim
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Cardiometabolic Axis, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
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24
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Ben-Kraiem A, Sauer RS, Norwig C, Popp M, Bettenhausen AL, Atalla MS, Brack A, Blum R, Doppler K, Rittner HL. Selective blood-nerve barrier leakiness with claudin-1 and vessel-associated macrophage loss in diabetic polyneuropathy. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:1237-1250. [PMID: 34018017 PMCID: PMC8367905 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02091-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is the most common complication in diabetes and can be painful in up to 26% of all diabetic patients. Peripheral nerves are shielded by the blood-nerve barrier (BNB) consisting of the perineurium and endoneurial vessels. So far, there are conflicting results regarding the role and function of the BNB in the pathophysiology of DPN. In this study, we analyzed the spatiotemporal tight junction protein profile, barrier permeability, and vessel-associated macrophages in Wistar rats with streptozotocin-induced DPN. In these rats, mechanical hypersensitivity developed after 2 weeks and loss of motor function after 8 weeks, while the BNB and the blood-DRG barrier were leakier for small, but not for large molecules after 8 weeks only. The blood-spinal cord barrier remained sealed throughout the observation period. No gross changes in tight junction protein or cytokine expression were observed in all barriers to blood. However, expression of Cldn1 mRNA in perineurium was specifically downregulated in conjunction with weaker vessel-associated macrophage shielding of the BNB. Our results underline the role of specific tight junction proteins and BNB breakdown in DPN maintenance and differentiate DPN from traumatic nerve injury. Targeting claudins and sealing the BNB could stabilize pain and prevent further nerve damage. KEY MESSAGES: • In diabetic painful neuropathy in rats: • Blood nerve barrier and blood DRG barrier are leaky for micromolecules. • Perineurial Cldn1 sealing the blood nerve barrier is specifically downregulated. • Endoneurial vessel-associated macrophages are also decreased. • These changes occur after onset of hyperalgesia thereby maintaining rather than inducing pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Ben-Kraiem
- Center for Interdisciplinary Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Reine-Solange Sauer
- Center for Interdisciplinary Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carla Norwig
- Center for Interdisciplinary Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maria Popp
- Center for Interdisciplinary Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Bettenhausen
- Center for Interdisciplinary Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mariam Sobhy Atalla
- Center for Interdisciplinary Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Brack
- Center for Interdisciplinary Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robert Blum
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Doppler
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heike Lydia Rittner
- Center for Interdisciplinary Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
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25
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Babaei M, Alizadeh-Fanalou S, Nourian A, Yarahmadi S, Farahmandian N, Nabi-Afjadi M, Alipourfard I, Bahreini E. Evaluation of testicular glycogen storage, FGF21 and LDH expression and physiological parameters of sperm in hyperglycemic rats treated with hydroalcoholic extract of Securigera Securidaca seeds, and Glibenclamide. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2021; 19:104. [PMID: 34233693 PMCID: PMC8262065 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-021-00794-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural and physiological changes in sperm and semen parameters reduce fertility in diabetic patients. Securigera Securidaca (S. Securidaca) seed is a herbal medicine with hypoglycemic, antioxidant, and anti-hypertensive effects. The question now is whether this herbal medicine improves fertility in diabetic males. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of S. Securidaca seeds (HESS), glibenclamide and a combination of both on fertility in hyperglycemic rats by comparing histological and some biochemical changes in testicular tissue and sperm parameters. The treatment protocol included administration of three doses of HESS and one dose of glibenclamide, as well as treatment with both in diabetic Wistar diabetic rats and comparison of the results with untrated groups. The quality of the testicular tissue as well as histometric parameters and spermatogenesis indices were evaluated during histopathological examination. Epididymal sperm analysis including sperm motility, viability, abnormalities, maturity, and chromatin structure were studied. The effect of HESS on the expression of LDH and FGF21 genes and tissue levels of glycogen, lactate, and total antioxidant capacity in testicular tissue was investigated and compared with glibenclamide. HESS improved sperm parameters in diabetic rats but showed little restorative effect on damaged testicular tissue. In this regard, glibenclamide was more effective than the highest dose of HESS and its combination with HESS enhanced its effectiveness so that histological tissue characteristics and sperm parameters were were comparable to those of healthy rats. The expression level of testicular FGF21 gene increased in diabetic rats, which intensified after treatment with HESS as well as glibenclamide. The combination of HESS and glibenclamide restored the expression level of testicular LDH gene, as well as tissue storage of glycogen, lactate and LDH activity, and serum testosterone to the levels near healthy control. S. Securidaca seeds can be considered as an effective supplement in combination with hypoglycemic drugs to prevent infertility complications in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Babaei
- grid.411807.b0000 0000 9828 9578Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of V, eterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Shahin Alizadeh-Fanalou
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Nourian
- grid.411807.b0000 0000 9828 9578Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Sahar Yarahmadi
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Farahmandian
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nabi-Afjadi
- grid.412266.50000 0001 1781 3962Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iraj Alipourfard
- grid.11866.380000 0001 2259 4135Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Elham Bahreini
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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26
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Vahidi Ferdowsi P, Ahuja KDK, Beckett JM, Myers S. TRPV1 Activation by Capsaicin Mediates Glucose Oxidation and ATP Production Independent of Insulin Signalling in Mouse Skeletal Muscle Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061560. [PMID: 34205555 PMCID: PMC8234135 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance (IR), a key characteristic of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), is manifested by decreased insulin-stimulated glucose transport in target tissues. Emerging research has highlighted transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member (TRPV1) activation by capsaicin as a potential therapeutic target for these conditions. However, there are limited data on the effects of capsaicin on cell signalling molecules involved in glucose uptake. METHODS C2C12 cells were cultured and differentiated to acquire the myotube phenotype. The activation status of signalling molecules involved in glucose metabolism, including 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 2 (CAMKK2), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), protein kinase B (AKT), and src homology phosphatase 2 (SHP2), was examined. Finally, activation of CAMKK2 and AMPK, and glucose oxidation and ATP levels were measured in capsaicin-treated cells in the presence or absence of TRPV1 antagonist (SB-452533). RESULTS Capsaicin activated cell signalling molecules including CAMKK2 and AMPK leading to increased glucose oxidation and ATP generation independent of insulin in the differentiated C2C12 cells. Pharmacological inhibition of TRPV1 diminished the activation of CAMKK2 and AMPK as well as glucose oxidation and ATP production. Moreover, we observed an inhibitory effect of capsaicin in the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in the mouse myotubes. CONCLUSION Our data show that capsaicin-mediated stimulation of TRPV1 in differentiated C2C12 cells leads to activation of CAMKK2 and AMPK, and increased glucose oxidation which is concomitant with an elevation in intracellular ATP level. Further studies of the effect of TRPV1 channel activation by capsaicin on glucose metabolism could provide novel therapeutic utility for the management of IR and T2DM.
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Nawaz A, Zhang P, Li E, Gilbert RG, Sullivan MA. The importance of glycogen molecular structure for blood glucose control. iScience 2021; 24:101953. [PMID: 33458612 PMCID: PMC7797522 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes incidence continues to increase rapidly. This disease is characterized by a breakdown in blood glucose homeostasis. The impairment of glycemic control is linked to the structure of glycogen, a highly branched glucose polymer. Liver glycogen, a major controller of blood sugar, comprises small β particles which can link together to form larger α particles. These degrade to glucose more slowly than β particles, enabling a controlled release of blood glucose. The α particles in diabetic mice are however easily broken down into β particles, which degrade more quickly. Because this may lead to higher blood glucose, understanding this diabetes-associated breakdown of α-particle molecular structure may help in the development of diabetes therapeutics. We review the extraction of liver glycogen, its molecular structure, and how this structure is affected by diabetes and then use this knowledge to make postulates to guide the development of strategies to help mitigate type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Nawaz
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P.R. China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Electronic Information Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408100, China
| | - Enpeng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P.R. China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Robert G. Gilbert
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P.R. China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Brisbane 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Mitchell A. Sullivan
- Glycation and Diabetes, Mater Research Institute – The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
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28
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Identifying patient-specific flow of signal transduction perturbed by multiple single-nucleotide alterations. QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40484-020-0227-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Jayaraman S, Veeraraghavan V, Sreekandan RN, Krishna Mohan S, Deiva Suga SS, Kamaraj D, Mohandoss S, Rajagopal P. Molecular docking analysis of compounds from Justica adhatoda L with glycogen synthase kinase-3 β. Bioinformation 2020; 16:893-899. [PMID: 34803265 PMCID: PMC8573452 DOI: 10.6026/97320630016893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is linked with Glycogen synthase kinase-3 β.Therefore, it is ofinterest to document molecular docking analysis data of compounds from Justica adhatoda L with glycogen synthase kinase-3 β. We report the binding features of ethambutol, pyrazinamide, stigmasterol and vasicoline with GSK-3 β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai - 600 077, India
| | - Vishnupriya Veeraraghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai - 600 077, India
| | - Radhika Nalinakumari Sreekandan
- Department of Clinical Skills & Simulation, Panimalar Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Varadharajapuram, Poonamallee, Chennai - 600 123
| | - Surapaneni Krishna Mohan
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Clinical Skills & Simulation, Panimalar Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Varadharajapuram, Poonamallee, Chennai - 600 123
| | - Sumetha Suga Deiva Suga
- Department of Microbiology, Panimalar Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Varadharajapuram, Poonamallee, Chennai - 600 123
| | - Devakumar Kamaraj
- Department of Pharmacology, Panimalar Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Varadharajapuram, Poonamallee, Chennai - 600 123
| | - Sonaimuthu Mohandoss
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Ponnulakshmi Rajagopal
- Central Research Laboratory, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), West K. K. Nagar, Chennai-600 078, India,Ponnulakshmi Rajagopal
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30
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Saik OV, Klimontov VV. Bioinformatic Reconstruction and Analysis of Gene Networks Related to Glucose Variability in Diabetes and Its Complications. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228691. [PMID: 33217980 PMCID: PMC7698756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose variability (GV) has been recognized recently as a promoter of complications and therapeutic targets in diabetes. The aim of this study was to reconstruct and analyze gene networks related to GV in diabetes and its complications. For network analysis, we used the ANDSystem that provides automatic network reconstruction and analysis based on text mining. The network of GV consisted of 37 genes/proteins associated with both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. Cardiovascular system, pancreas, adipose and muscle tissues, gastrointestinal tract, and kidney were recognized as the loci with the highest expression of GV-related genes. According to Gene Ontology enrichment analysis, these genes are associated with insulin secretion, glucose metabolism, glycogen biosynthesis, gluconeogenesis, MAPK and JAK-STAT cascades, protein kinase B signaling, cell proliferation, nitric oxide biosynthesis, etc. GV-related genes were found to occupy central positions in the networks of diabetes complications (cardiovascular disease, diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy) and were associated with response to hypoxia. Gene prioritization analysis identified new gene candidates (THBS1, FN1, HSP90AA1, EGFR, MAPK1, STAT3, TP53, EGF, GSK3B, and PTEN) potentially involved in GV. The results expand the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the GV phenomenon in diabetes and provide molecular markers and therapeutic targets for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Saik
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology—Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (RICEL—Branch of IC&G SB RAS), 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia;
- Laboratory of Computer Proteomics, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Vadim V. Klimontov
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology—Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (RICEL—Branch of IC&G SB RAS), 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia;
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31
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Liu WL, Chiang FT, Kao JTW, Chiou SH, Lin HL. GSK3 modulation in acute lung injury, myocarditis and polycystic kidney disease-related aneurysm. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118798. [PMID: 32693109 PMCID: PMC7368652 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
GSK3 are involved in different physical and pathological conditions and inflammatory regulated by macrophages contribute to significant mechanism. Infection stimuli may modulate GSK3 activity and influence host cell adaption, immune cells infiltration or cytokine expressions. To further address the role of GSK3 modulation in macrophages, the signal transduction of three major organs challenged by endotoxin, virus and genetic inherited factors are briefly introduced (lung injury, myocarditis and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease). As a result of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions of GSK3 in different microenvironments and stages of macrophages (M1/M2), the rational resolution should be considered by adequately GSK3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lun Liu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan,Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan,Center For Innovation, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Tien Chiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Juliana Tze-Wah Kao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan,Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Liang Lin
- Center For Innovation, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Division of Fund Managing, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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32
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Zhu J, Wu Y, Wang M, Li K, Xu L, Chen Y, Cai Y, Jin J. Integrating Machine Learning-Based Virtual Screening With Multiple Protein Structures and Bio-Assay Evaluation for Discovery of Novel GSK3β Inhibitors. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:566058. [PMID: 33041806 PMCID: PMC7517831 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.566058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) is associated with various key biological processes, and it has been considered as a critical therapeutic target for the treatment of many diseases. However, it is a big challenge to develop ATP-competition GSK3β inhibitors because of the high sequence homology with other kinases. In this work, a novel parallel virtual screening strategy based on multiple GSK3β protein structures, integrating molecular docking, complex-based pharmacophore, and naive Bayesian classification, was developed to screen a large chemical database, the 50 compounds with top-scores then underwent a luminescent kinase assay, which led to the discovery of two GSK3β inhibitor hits. The high screening enrichment rate indicates the reliability and practicability of the integrated protocol. Finally, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were employed to investigate the binding modes of the GSK3β inhibitors, and some “hot residues” critical to GSK3β affinity were highlighted. The present study may provide some valuable guidance for the development of novel GSK3β inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuanqing Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Man Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lei Xu
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, China
| | - Yun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yanfei Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jian Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Jiang S, Wu X, Wang Y, Zou J, Zhao X. The potential DPP-4 inhibitors from Xiao-Ke-An improve the glucolipid metabolism via the activation of AKT/GSK-3β pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 882:173272. [PMID: 32535096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a specific enzyme hydrolyzing the incretin hormone glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) to reduce insulin secretion, meanwhile DPP-4 inhibitors play an important role in diabetic therapy. In present study, 14 potential inhibitors were screened with an inhibition over 50% on DPP-4 activity from Xiao-Ke-An formula (XKA) and 12 of them exhibited a dose-dependently inhibitory effect at concentrations of 5-50 μmol/l. We found 10 DPP-4 inhibitors restrained differentiation of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes as well as reducing the triglycerides and total cholesterol content in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Furthermore, 7 DPP-4 inhibitors promoted the glucose consumption in insulin-resistance BNL CL.2 cells. Thereinto, ginsenoside Rk1 up-regulated the protein kinase B (AKT) and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3β) phosphorylation expression, while kukoamine B and coptisine hydrochloride obviously increased the phosphorylation of AKT protein and columbamine, panaxadiol, ginsenoside Ro, timosaponin AI significantly promoted the phosphorylation of GSK-3β protein. It's our first effort to confirm those seven compounds could serve as DPP-4 inhibitors to attenuate DPP-4 activities, accompanied with the ability to adjust glucolipid metabolism. Moreover, activating the AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway to ameliorate insulin resistant may be the anti-diabetic mechanism of XKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Xueli Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Jingtao Zou
- Tonghua Huaxia Pharmaceutical Company, JiLin, 134000, China.
| | - Xiaoping Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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34
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Abdel-Megeed RM, El Newary SA, Kadry MO, Ghanem HZ, El-Shesheny RA, Said-Al Ahl HAH, Abdel-Hamid AHZ. Hyssopus officinalis exerts hypoglycemic effects on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats via modulating GSK-3β, C-fos, NF-κB, ABCA1 and ABGA1 gene expression. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:483-491. [PMID: 32550200 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00535-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DMT2) is contributed to dual interactions between environmental factors and certain genetic factors. This impressed a great need for novel treatment strategy. Nevertheless, Hyssopus officinalis (H. officinalis) as a terrestrial herb is considered to be an important source of natural antioxidants, it could be assessed as an anti-hyperglycemic agent. Methods In the current study, HPLC identified the active constitutes of H. officinalis, including total polyphenols, and flavonoids. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced in male Wistar albino rats via a single ip dose of streptozotocin (STZ) (35 mg/kg BW). One week post diabetes induction, rats were administrated H. officinalis (500 mg/ kg BW) orally for one month. Molecular analysis was assessed to investigate the efficiency of H. officinalis on modulating ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and G1 (ABCG1) genes, in addition to apoptotic biomarkers, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and cellular oncogene-fos (C-fos) genes. Furthermore, inflammatory biomarkers, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) gene expression were also assessed. Results H. officinalis alcoholic extract declared the presence of polyphenols as gallic acid and flavonoids as quercetin in addition to many active constituents. Apigenin-7-glucoside and Chlorgenic acid were the most common constituents in the extract. RT-PCR results declared a significant up-regulation in mRNA gene expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 upon H. officinalis treatment. Meanwhile, C-fos gene expression recorded a slight down-regulation. Gene expression of apoptotic biomarker GSK-3β demonstrated a significant down regulation as well as inflammatory biomarkers NF-κB and TNF-α. Conclusion From the data recorded, it could be concluded that H. officinalis exerts a great hypoglycemic potential via modulating C-fos, GSK-3β, NF-κB, TNF-α, ABCA1 and ABCG1 gene expression and signaling pathways and could be considered as an effective candidate for DMT2 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab M Abdel-Megeed
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Division, National Research Center, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, 12622 Egypt
| | - Samah A El Newary
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Researches Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Division, National Research Centre, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mai O Kadry
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Division, National Research Center, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, 12622 Egypt
| | - Hassan Z Ghanem
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Division, National Research Center, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, 12622 Egypt
| | - Rabeh A El-Shesheny
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, Environmental Research Division, National Research Center, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hussein A H Said-Al Ahl
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Researches Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Division, National Research Centre, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Hamid Z Abdel-Hamid
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Division, National Research Center, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, 12622 Egypt
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35
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Gupte M, Umbarkar P, Singh AP, Zhang Q, Tousif S, Lal H. Deletion of Cardiomyocyte Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Beta (GSK-3β) Improves Systemic Glucose Tolerance with Maintained Heart Function in Established Obesity. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051120. [PMID: 32365965 PMCID: PMC7291092 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including heart failure. Thus, there is an urgent need to understand the molecular mechanism of obesity-associated cardiac dysfunction. We recently reported the critical role of cardiomyocyte (CM) Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) in cardiac dysfunction associated with a developing obesity model (deletion of CM-GSK-3β prior to obesity). In the present study, we investigated the role of CM-GSK-3β in a clinically more relevant model of established obesity (deletion of CM-GSK-3β after established obesity). CM-GSK-3β knockout (GSK-3βfl/flCre+/-) and controls (GSK-3βfl/flCre-/-) mice were subjected to a high-fat diet (HFD) in order to establish obesity. After 12 weeks of HFD treatment, all mice received tamoxifen injections for five consecutive days to delete GSK-3β specifically in CMs and continued on the HFD for a total period of 55 weeks. To our complete surprise, CM-GSK-3β knockout (KO) animals exhibited a globally improved glucose tolerance and maintained normal cardiac function. Mechanistically, in stark contrast to the developing obesity model, deleting CM-GSK-3β in obese animals did not adversely affect the GSK-3αS21 phosphorylation (activity) and maintained canonical β-catenin degradation pathway and cardiac function. As several GSK-3 inhibitors are in the trial to treat various chronic conditions, including metabolic diseases, these findings have important clinical implications. Specifically, our results provide critical pre-clinical data regarding the safety of GSK-3 inhibition in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Gupte
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (M.G.); (P.U.); (A.P.S.); (Q.Z.)
- Department of Biology, Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, TN 37044, USA
| | - Prachi Umbarkar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (M.G.); (P.U.); (A.P.S.); (Q.Z.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, UAB|University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-1913, USA;
| | - Anand Prakash Singh
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (M.G.); (P.U.); (A.P.S.); (Q.Z.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, UAB|University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-1913, USA;
| | - Qinkun Zhang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (M.G.); (P.U.); (A.P.S.); (Q.Z.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, UAB|University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-1913, USA;
| | - Sultan Tousif
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, UAB|University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-1913, USA;
| | - Hind Lal
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (M.G.); (P.U.); (A.P.S.); (Q.Z.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, UAB|University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-1913, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: (205)-996-4219; Fax: (205)-975-5104
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36
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Manduca JD, Thériault RK, Perreault ML. Glycogen synthase kinase-3: The missing link to aberrant circuit function in disorders of cognitive dysfunction? Pharmacol Res 2020; 157:104819. [PMID: 32305493 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Elevated GSK-3 activity has been implicated in cognitive dysfunction associated with various disorders including Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, type 2 diabetes, traumatic brain injury, major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. Further, aberrant neural oscillatory activity in, and between, cortical regions and the hippocampus is consistently present within these same cognitive disorders. In this review, we will put forth the idea that increased GSK-3 activity serves as a pathological convergence point across cognitive disorders, inducing similar consequent impacts on downstream signaling mechanisms implicated in the maintenance of processes critical to brain systems communication and normal cognitive functioning. In this regard we suggest that increased activation of GSK-3 and neuronal oscillatory dysfunction are early pathological changes that may be functionally linked. Mechanistic commonalities between these disorders of cognitive dysfunction will be discussed and potential downstream targets of GSK-3 that may contribute to neuronal oscillatory dysfunction identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Manduca
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Melissa L Perreault
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, ON, Canada.
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37
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Ge Q, Chen L, Yuan Y, Liu L, Feng F, Lv P, Ma S, Chen K, Yao Q. Network Pharmacology-Based Dissection of the Anti-diabetic Mechanism of Lobelia chinensis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:347. [PMID: 32265717 PMCID: PMC7099657 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic inflammatory disease, and the rapidly increasing DM is becoming a major problem of global public health. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history of treating diabetes. It has been developed and utilized because of its good efficacy and no toxic side effects. Lobelia chinensis is a traditional whole grass herbal. With the continuous deepening of pharmacological research on TCM, the active ingredients of L. chinensis are continuously revealed, which contained the alkaloids, flavonoids, flavonoid glycosides and amino acids that have the good effects of anti-inflammatory, anti-viral and anti-diabetic. In order to further explore the targets of active ingredients and its anti-diabetic mechanism, a feasible network pharmacology analysis model based on chemical, pharmacokinetic and pharmacological data was developed by network construction method to clarify the anti-diabetic mechanism of L. chinensis. The present study conducted by gas chromatography–mass spectrometer (GC/MS), which identified 208 metabolites of L. chinensis, of which 23 ingredients may have effective pharmacological effects after absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) screening. Network pharmacological analysis on the active ingredients revealed that 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in L. chinensis affects the insulin resistance signaling pathway by acting on GSK3B, TNF, and MAPK1, acacetin affects the diabetic pathway by acting on INSR, DPP4, and GSK3B, that regulate type 2 diabetes, non-insulin-dependent DM, and inflammatory diseases. These results successfully indicated the potential anti-diabetic mechanism of the active ingredients of L. chinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Ge
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lanlan Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Fan Feng
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China
| | - Peng Lv
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shangshang Ma
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Keping Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qin Yao
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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38
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Singh AP, Umbarkar P, Guo Y, Force T, Gupte M, Lal H. Inhibition of GSK-3 to induce cardiomyocyte proliferation: a recipe for in situ cardiac regeneration. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:20-30. [PMID: 30321309 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
With an estimated 38 million current patients, heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although the aetiology differs, HF is largely a disease of cardiomyocyte (CM) death or dysfunction. Due to the famously limited amount of regenerative capacity of the myocardium, the only viable option for advanced HF patients is cardiac transplantation; however, donor's hearts are in very short supply. Thus, novel regenerative strategies are urgently needed to reconstitute the injured hearts. Emerging data from our lab and others have elucidated that CM-specific deletion of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3 family of kinases induces CM proliferation, and the degree of proliferation is amplified in the setting of cardiac stress. If this proliferation is sufficiently robust, one could induce meaningful regeneration without the need for delivering exogenous cells to the injured myocardium (i.e. cardiac regeneration in situ). Herein, we will discuss the emerging role of the GSK-3s in CM proliferation and differentiation, including their potential implications in cardiac regeneration. The underlying molecular interactions and cross-talk among signalling pathways will be discussed. We will also review the specificity and limitations of the available small molecule inhibitors targeting GSK-3 and their potential applications to stimulate the endogenous cardiac regenerative responses to repair the injured heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Prakash Singh
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, Suite PRB#348A, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Prachi Umbarkar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, Suite PRB#348A, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yuanjun Guo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, Suite PRB#348A, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Thomas Force
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, Suite PRB#348A, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Manisha Gupte
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, Suite PRB#348A, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hind Lal
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, Suite PRB#348A, Nashville, TN, USA
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Pfeiffer S, Sánchez-Lechuga B, Donovan P, Halang L, Prehn JHM, Campos-Caro A, Byrne MM, López-Tinoco C. Circulating miR-330-3p in Late Pregnancy is Associated with Pregnancy Outcomes Among Lean Women with GDM. Sci Rep 2020; 10:908. [PMID: 31969632 PMCID: PMC6976655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57838-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is characterised by insulin resistance accompanied by reduced beta-cell compensation to increased insulin demand, typically observed in the second and third trimester and associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. There is a need for a biomarker that can accurately monitor status and predict outcome in GDM, reducing foetal-maternal morbidity and mortality risks. To this end, circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) present themselves as promising candidates, stably expressed in serum and known to play crucial roles in regulation of glucose metabolism. We analysed circulating miRNA profiles in a cohort of GDM patients (n = 31) and nondiabetic controls (n = 29) during the third trimester for miRNA associated with insulin-secretory defects and glucose homeostasis. We identified miR-330-3p as being significantly upregulated in lean women with GDM compared to nondiabetic controls. Furthermore, increased levels of miR-330-3p were associated with better response to treatment (diet vs. insulin), with lower levels associated with exogenous insulin requirement. We observed miR-330-3p to be significantly related to the percentage of caesarean deliveries, with miR-330-3p expression significantly higher in spontaneously delivered GDM patients. We report this strong novel association of circulating miR-330-3p with risk of primary caesarean delivery as a pregnancy outcome linked with poor maternal glycaemic control, strengthening the growing body of evidence for roles of diabetes-associated miRNAs in glucose homeostasis and adaptation to the complex changes related to pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shona Pfeiffer
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Begoña Sánchez-Lechuga
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Paul Donovan
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Luise Halang
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Antonio Campos-Caro
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Maria M Byrne
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin, 2, Ireland.,Department of Endocrinology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin, 7, Ireland
| | - Cristina López-Tinoco
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain.
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40
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Huang S, Tang N, Zhao H, Tang CL. Effect of electrical stimulation combined with diet therapy on insulin resistance via mTOR signaling. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:5152-5162. [PMID: 31702811 PMCID: PMC6854593 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is the impaired insulin response that causes decreased glucose tolerance. Electrical stimulation (ES) can improve insulin sensitivity in the skeletal muscle. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In the present study, the effect of ES and diet therapy on IR and the role of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in the improvement of IR by ES were investigated. A total of 70 Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into five groups: Normal (n=10), IR control (n=15), diet (n=15), ES (n=15) and ES + diet (n=15) groups. An IR rat model was established by high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet for 5 weeks and confirmed by measurement of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin, insulin sensitivity index (ISI) and IR index. ES on the Zusanli (ST36), Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and Weiwanxiashu (EX-B3) acupoints and the low-fat and low-carbohydrate diet demonstrated protective effects. The body weight, concentrations of FPG, insulin, triglycerides (TG), free fatty acids (FFA) and total cholesterol (TC) of the rats were detected. Pathologic changes in the liver and pancreatic tissues were assessed. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were performed to determine the role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. Results demonstrated that ES and diet therapy significantly increased ISI and reduced FPG, IR index, FFA, TG, TC and weight. Inflammatory cell infiltration in the liver and pancreatic tissues was ameliorated and lipid droplets and cavitation in hepatocyte were decreased after ES and diet therapy. The administration of ES and diet therapy also enhanced glucose transport by the upregulation of glucose transporter 4 and accelerated glycogen synthesis through the suppression of glycogen synthase kinase 3α/β via PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. Hence, the present results demonstrated that ES combined with diet therapy improved IR through PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. The proposed therapy was superior to the method of diet alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqin Huang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Nianzhen Tang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Hongdi Zhao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Lin Tang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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41
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Transcriptome analysis revealed the mechanism of the metabolic toxicity and susceptibility of di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate on adolescent male ICR mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:3183-3206. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02590-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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42
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Wang N, Zhu F, Shen M, Qiu L, Tang M, Xia H, Chen L, Yuan Y, Ma S, Chen K. Network pharmacology-based analysis on bioactive anti-diabetic compounds in Potentilla discolor bunge. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 241:111905. [PMID: 31022565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Potentilla discolor Bunge (PDB) is a commonly used herbal for alleviating diabetes mellitus and its complications. Although accumulating evidences show the anti-diabetic efficacy of PDB, the vital anti-diabetic compounds and their functional targets remain elusive. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the anti-diabetic ingredients and their functional mechanisms in PDB, gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry analysis was performed on PDB extract and 21 were testified as anti-diabetic compounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subsequently their potential protein targets were also identified. The bioinformatics analysis was implemented by network pharmacology-based approaches. STRING analysis was performed to reveal enrichment of these target proteins, protein-protein interactions, pathways and related diseases. Cytoscape was used to determine the potential protein targets for these components in PDB, indicating that 21 anti-diabetic compounds in PDB regulate 33 diabetes-related proteins in 28 signal pathways and involve 21 kinds of diabetes-related diseases. Among the 21 potential anti-diabetic components predicted by network analysis, tricetin was firstly experimentally validated at the molecular and cellular level. RESULTS Results indicated that this active small-molecule compound may have beneficial effects on improving glucose uptake. CONCLUSIONS We envisage that network analysis will be useful in screening bioactive compounds of medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niannian Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
| | - Feifei Zhu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
| | - Mingxiang Shen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
| | - Lipeng Qiu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Hengchuan Xia
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
| | - Liang Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
| | - Yi Yuan
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
| | - Shangshang Ma
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
| | - Keping Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
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Sacco F, Seelig A, Humphrey SJ, Krahmer N, Volta F, Reggio A, Marchetti P, Gerdes J, Mann M. Phosphoproteomics Reveals the GSK3-PDX1 Axis as a Key Pathogenic Signaling Node in Diabetic Islets. Cell Metab 2019; 29:1422-1432.e3. [PMID: 30879985 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Progressive decline of pancreatic beta cell function is central to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Protein phosphorylation regulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from beta cells, but how signaling networks are remodeled in diabetic islets in vivo remains unknown. Using high-sensitivity mass spectrometry-based proteomics, we quantified 6,500 proteins and 13,000 phosphopeptides in islets of obese diabetic mice and matched controls, revealing drastic remodeling of key kinase hubs and signaling pathways. Integration with a literature-derived signaling network implicated GSK3 kinase in the control of the beta cell-specific transcription factor PDX1. Deep phosphoproteomic analysis of human islets chronically treated with high glucose demonstrated a conserved glucotoxicity-dependent role of GSK3 kinase in regulating insulin secretion. Remarkably, the ability of beta cells to secrete insulin in response to glucose was rescued almost completely by pharmacological inhibition of GSK3. Thus, our resource enables investigation of mechanisms and drug targets in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Sacco
- Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00100 Rome, Italy.
| | - Anett Seelig
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HMGU) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85748 Garching, Munich, Germany
| | - Sean J Humphrey
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Natalie Krahmer
- Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Francesco Volta
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HMGU) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85748 Garching, Munich, Germany
| | - Alessio Reggio
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Jantje Gerdes
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HMGU) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85748 Garching, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Mann
- Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
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Ding Y, Liu Y, Fei F, Yang L, Mao G, Zhao T, Zhang Z, Yan M, Feng W, Wu X. Study on the metabolism toxicity, susceptibility and mechanism of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate on rat liver BRL cells with insulin resistance in vitro. Toxicology 2019; 422:102-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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45
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Stygar D, Andrare D, Bażanów B, Chełmecka E, Sawczyn T, Skrzep-Poloczek B, Olszańska E, Karcz KW, Jochem J. The Impact of DJOS Surgery, a High Fat Diet and a Control Diet on the Enzymes of Glucose Metabolism in the Liver and Muscles of Sprague-Dawley Rats. Front Physiol 2019; 10:571. [PMID: 31164832 PMCID: PMC6534097 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes type 2 (T2DM) and obesity is growing exponentially and becoming a global public health problem. The enzymes of glucose metabolism play a role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and T2DM. A pathophysiological link between different dietary patterns, HFD, obesity, T2DM and the enzymes of glucose metabolism can be used as a potential target in therapeutic strategies for the treatment of obesity, and T2DM. The aim of this study was to measure the impact of DJOS bariatric surgery and different types of dietary patterns on glycogen synthase kinase 3 α (GSK-3α), glycogen phosphorylase (PYGM, PYGL), and phosphofructokinase (PFK-1) concentrations in liver and soleus muscle tissues of rats. After 8 weeks on a high-fat diet (HF) or control diet (CD), rats underwent duodenal-jejunal omega switch (DJOS) or SHAM (control) surgery. After surgery, for the next 8 weeks, half of DJOS/SHAM animals were kept on the same diet as before, and half had a changed diet. The concentrations of GSK-3α, PYGM, PYGL and PFK-1 were measured in the soleus muscles and livers of the Sprague-Dawley rats. The type of diet applied before/after surgery had stronger impact on levels of selected metabolic enzymes than DJOS or SHAM surgery. The impact of DJOS surgery was visible for GSK-3α and PYGL concentration in the liver but not in the soleus muscle tissue. The type of bariatric surgery had an impact on liver GSK-3α concentration in all studied groups except the CD/CD group, where the impact of diet was stronger. DJOS bariatric surgery influenced the level of PYGL in the livers of rats maintained on the CD/CD diet but not from other groups. The dietary patterns applied before and after bariatric surgery, had a stronger impact on enzymes’ concentrations than DJOS surgery, and the strong, deleterious effect of an HF was observed. A change of the diet per se showed a negative impact on the enzymes’ tissue concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Stygar
- Department of Physiology in Zabrze, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Dorian Andrare
- Clinic of General, Visceral, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Bażanów
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Chełmecka
- Department of Instrumental Analysis, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sawczyn
- Department of Physiology in Zabrze, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Bronisława Skrzep-Poloczek
- Department of Physiology in Zabrze, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Olszańska
- Department of Physiology in Zabrze, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Konrad Wojciech Karcz
- Clinic of General, Visceral, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Jerzy Jochem
- Department of Physiology in Zabrze, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Li C, Luo J, Guo S, Jia X, Guo C, Li X, Xu Q, Shi D. Highly Selective Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Inhibitor, 2,2',3,3'-Tetrabromo-4,4',5,5'-tetrahydroxydiphenylmethane, Ameliorates Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in BKS db Mice. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:1839-1850. [PMID: 30974944 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b01106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a widely confirmed target of the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatment. Herein, we reported a highly specific PTP1B inhibitor 2,2',3,3'-tetrabromo-4,4',5,5'-tetrahydroxydiphenylmethane (compound 1), which showed promising hypoglycemic activity in diabetic BKS db mice. With the IC50 value of 2.4 μM, compound 1 could directly bind to the catalytic pocket of PTP1B through a series of hydrogen bonds. Surface plasmon resonance analysis revealed that the target affinity [KD (equilibrium dissociation constant) value] of compound 1 binding to PTP1B was 2.90 μM. Moreover, compound 1 could activate the insulin signaling pathway in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. We further evaluated the long-term effects of compound 1 in diabetic BKS db mice. Notably, oral administration of compound 1 significantly reduced the blood glucose levels of diabetic mice with increasing insulin sensitivity. In addition, the dyslipidemia of diabetic mice was also significantly improved by compound 1 gavage. The histological experiments showed that compound 1 treatment significantly ameliorated the disordered hepatic and pancreatic architecture and increased the glycogen content in the liver tissues as well as improved the insulin secretion function of pancreas. Taken together, our results manifested that the natural product compound 1 was a highly specific PTP1B inhibitor, which could activate insulin signaling pathway and ameliorate hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in diabetic BKS db mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology , Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 7 Nanhai Road , Qingdao 266071 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Jiao Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology , Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 7 Nanhai Road , Qingdao 266071 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Shuju Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology , Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 7 Nanhai Road , Qingdao 266071 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology , Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 7 Nanhai Road , Qingdao 266071 , P. R. China
| | - Chuanlong Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology , Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 7 Nanhai Road , Qingdao 266071 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Xiangqian Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology , Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 7 Nanhai Road , Qingdao 266071 , P. R. China
| | - Qi Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology , Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 7 Nanhai Road , Qingdao 266071 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Dayong Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology , Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 7 Nanhai Road , Qingdao 266071 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology , Shandong University , Qingdao , China
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47
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Hurcombe JA, Hartley P, Lay AC, Ni L, Bedford JJ, Leader JP, Singh S, Murphy A, Scudamore CL, Marquez E, Barrington AF, Pinto V, Marchetti M, Wong LF, Uney J, Saleem MA, Mathieson PW, Patel S, Walker RJ, Woodgett JR, Quaggin SE, Welsh GI, Coward RJM. Podocyte GSK3 is an evolutionarily conserved critical regulator of kidney function. Nat Commun 2019; 10:403. [PMID: 30679422 PMCID: PMC6345761 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08235-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Albuminuria affects millions of people, and is an independent risk factor for kidney failure, cardiovascular morbidity and death. The key cell that prevents albuminuria is the terminally differentiated glomerular podocyte. Here we report the evolutionary importance of the enzyme Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (GSK3) for maintaining podocyte function in mice and the equivalent nephrocyte cell in Drosophila. Developmental deletion of both GSK3 isoforms (α and β) in murine podocytes causes late neonatal death associated with massive albuminuria and renal failure. Similarly, silencing GSK3 in nephrocytes is developmentally lethal for this cell. Mature genetic or pharmacological podocyte/nephrocyte GSK3 inhibition is also detrimental; producing albuminuric kidney disease in mice and nephrocyte depletion in Drosophila. Mechanistically, GSK3 loss causes differentiated podocytes to re-enter the cell cycle and undergo mitotic catastrophe, modulated via the Hippo pathway but independent of Wnt-β-catenin. This work clearly identifies GSK3 as a critical regulator of podocyte and hence kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hurcombe
- Bristol Renal, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - P Hartley
- Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, BH12 5BB, UK
| | - A C Lay
- Bristol Renal, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - L Ni
- Bristol Renal, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - J J Bedford
- Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - J P Leader
- Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - S Singh
- Bristol Renal, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - A Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK
| | - C L Scudamore
- Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell, Didcot, Oxford, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - E Marquez
- Bristol Renal, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - A F Barrington
- Bristol Renal, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - V Pinto
- Bristol Renal, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - M Marchetti
- Bristol Renal, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - L-F Wong
- Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8DZ, UK
| | - J Uney
- Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8DZ, UK
| | - M A Saleem
- Bristol Renal, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - P W Mathieson
- Bristol Renal, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
- The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - S Patel
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System & University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 1X5, Canada
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - R J Walker
- Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - J R Woodgett
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System & University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - S E Quaggin
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, 60611, IL, USA
| | - G I Welsh
- Bristol Renal, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - R J M Coward
- Bristol Renal, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK.
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Paudel P, Seong SH, Zhou Y, Park CH, Yokozawa T, Jung HA, Choi JS. Rosmarinic Acid Derivatives' Inhibition of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Is the Pharmacological Basis of Kangen-Karyu in Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2018; 23:E2919. [PMID: 30413117 PMCID: PMC6278281 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) is considered to be the central therapeutic approach against Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, boiled water extracts of the Kangen-karyu (KK) herbal mixture and its constituents were screened for GSK-3β inhibitory activity. KK is used in traditional Kampo and Chinese medicines for improving cognitive function. The GSK-3β inhibition potential was evaluated by using the Kinase-Glo luminescent kinase assay platform. Furthermore, enzyme kinetics and in silico modeling were performed by using AutoDockTools to demonstrate the mechanism of enzyme inhibition. KK extract significantly inhibited GSK-3β in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50: 17.05 ± 1.14 μg/mL) when compared with the reference drug luteolin (IC50: 2.18 ± 0.13 μM). Among the six components of KK, extracts of Cyperi Rhizoma and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix significantly inhibited GSK-3β with IC50 values of 20.68 ± 2.50 and 7.77 ± 1.38 μg/mL, respectively. Among the constituents of the roots of S. miltiorrhiza water extract, rosmarinic acid, magnesium lithospermate B, salvianolic acid A, salvianolic acid B, and salvianolic acid C inhibited GSK-3β with IC50 values ranging from 6.97 to 135.5 μM. Salvianolic acid B was found to be an ATP-competitive inhibitor of GSK-3β and showed the lowest IC50 value (6.97 ± 0.96 µM). In silico modeling suggested a mechanism of action by which the hydrophobic, π⁻cation, and hydrophilic interactions of salvianolic acid B at ATP and substrate sites are critical for the observed GSK-3β inhibition. Therefore, one of the mechanisms of action of KK against AD may be the inhibition of GSK-3β and one of the active components of KK is the root of S. miltiorrhiza and its constituents: rosmarinic acid, magnesium lithospermate B, and salvianolic acids A, B, and C. Our results demonstrate the pharmacological basis for the use of KK against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Paudel
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.
| | - Su Hui Seong
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.
| | - Yajuan Zhou
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.
| | - Chan Hum Park
- Department of Medicinal Crop Research National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science Rural Development Administration, Eumseong 27709, Korea.
| | - Takako Yokozawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan.
| | - Hyun Ah Jung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.
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49
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Dai Y, Wang Z, Quan M, Lv Y, Li Y, Xin HB, Qian Y. Asiatic acid protests against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via modulation of glycometabolism in rat cardiomyocyte. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:3573-3582. [PMID: 30498333 PMCID: PMC6207266 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s175116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Asiatic acid is a reported glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor derived from the tropical medicinal plant Centella asiatica and exhibits myocardial protection both in vivo and in vitro. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of asiatic acid on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury and investigate the underlying mechanisms associated with the modulation of glycometabolism in cardiomyocyte. Materials and methods The rats were subjected to MI/R with or without asiatic acid pretreatment. The cardiac function indexes, the size of myocardial infarction, and plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) activities were detected. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was analyzed by TUNEL assay. The Akt/GSK-3β activation was measured by Western blot. The glycogen content, plasma glucose and lactate concentrations were determined following MI/R. The mRNA and protein levels of PPARγ and GLUT4 were determined by real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. Results Asiatic acid pretreatment significantly improved the cardiac function indexes, attenuated the size of myocardial infarction, reduced LDH and CK activities, and suppressed cardiomyocyte apoptosis after MI/R. Asiatic acid activated Akt/GSK-3β signal pathway in the myocardium following MI/R injury. In addition, asiatic acid effectively suppressed MI/R-induced glycogen breakdown and inhibited the elevation of plasma glucose and lactate concentrations. Asiatic acid treatment increased PPARγ expression at both mRNA and protein levels, and promoted the translocation of GLUT4 to plasma membrane after MI/R insult. However, the effects mediated by asiatic acid on glycometabolism and GLUT4 translocation were reversed by the administration of LY294002, the Akt inhibitor. Conclusion These findings demonstrated that asiatic acid exerts beneficial effects on MI/R injury in rats. This protection may be related to the modulation of glycometabolism via Akt-dependent GLUT4 translocation and PPARγ activation in ischemic cardiomyocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Dai
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China, ;
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China, ;
| | - Minxue Quan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China, ;
| | - Yanni Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330046, China
| | - Yunman Li
- Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hong-Bo Xin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China, ;
| | - Yisong Qian
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China, ;
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50
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Huang X, Liu G, Guo J, Su Z. The PI3K/AKT pathway in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:1483-1496. [PMID: 30263000 PMCID: PMC6158718 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.27173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 826] [Impact Index Per Article: 137.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are complicated metabolic diseases that affect multiple organs and are characterized by hyperglycaemia. Currently, stable and effective treatments for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are not available. Therefore, the mechanisms leading to obesity and diabetes and more effective ways to treat obesity and diabetes should be identified. Based on accumulated evidences, the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway is required for normal metabolism due to its characteristics, and its imbalance leads to the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This review focuses on the role of PI3K/AKT signalling in the skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, liver, brain and pancreas, and discusses how this signalling pathway affects the development of the aforementioned diseases. We also summarize evidences for recently identified therapeutic targets of the PI3K/AKT pathway as treatments for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. PI3K/AKT pathway damaged in various tissues of the body leads to obesity and type 2 diabetes as the result of insulin resistance, and in turn, insulin resistance exacerbates the PI3K/AKT pathway, forming a vicious circle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjun Huang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China.,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China
| | - Guihua Liu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 8 Longyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen (518055), China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China.,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China
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