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Popa-Ion DA, Boldeanu L, Gheonea DI, Denicu MM, Boldeanu MV, Chiuțu LC. Anesthesia Medication's Impacts on Inflammatory and Neuroendocrine Immune Response in Patients Undergoing Digestive Endoscopy. Clin Pract 2024; 14:1171-1184. [PMID: 38921271 PMCID: PMC11203055 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract14030093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the impact of anesthetic drugs currently used to perform lower digestive endoscopy on serum concentrations of inflammation markers and catecholamines. We selected 120 patients and divided them into three lots of 40 patients each: L1, in which no anesthetics were used; L2, in which propofol was used; and L3, in which propofol combined with fentanyl was used. All patients had serum concentrations of adrenaline/epinephrine (EPI), noradrenaline/norepinephrine (NE), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10, taken at three time points: at the beginning of the endoscopic procedure (T0), 15 min after (T1), and 2 h after the end of the endoscopic procedure (T2). The results of the research showed changes in the levels of catecholamines and interleukins (ILs) at T0, with an increased response in L1 above the mean recorded in L2 and L3 (p < 0.001). At T1, increased values were recorded in all lots; values were significantly higher in L1. At T2, the values recorded in L3 were significantly lower than the values in L2 (student T, p < 0.001) and L1, in which the level of these markers continued to increase, reaching double values compared to T0 (student T, p < 0.001). In L2 at T1, the dose of propofol correlated much better with NE, EPI, and well-known cytokines. Our results show that propofol combined with fentanyl can significantly inhibit the activation of systemic immune and neuroendocrine response during painless lower digestive endoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa-Ancuța Popa-Ion
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (D.-A.P.-I.); (M.M.D.); (L.C.C.)
| | - Lidia Boldeanu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Dan-Ionuț Gheonea
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Madalina Maria Denicu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (D.-A.P.-I.); (M.M.D.); (L.C.C.)
| | - Mihail Virgil Boldeanu
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Luminița Cristina Chiuțu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (D.-A.P.-I.); (M.M.D.); (L.C.C.)
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Aljarrah D, Chalour N, Zorgani A, Nissan T, Pranjol MZI. Exploring the gut microbiota and its potential as a biomarker in gliomas. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116420. [PMID: 38471271 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiome alterations are associated with various cancers including brain tumours such as glioma and glioblastoma. The gut communicates with the brain via a bidirectional pathway known as the gut-brain axis (GBA) which is essential for maintaining homeostasis. The gut microbiota produces many metabolites including short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and essential amino acids such as glutamate, glutamine, arginine and tryptophan. Through the modulation of these metabolites the gut microbiome is able to regulate several functions of brain cells, immune cells and tumour cells including DNA methylation, mitochondrial function, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), T-cell proliferation, autophagy and even apoptosis. Here, we summarise current findings on gut microbiome with respect to brain cancers, an area of research that is widely overlooked. Several studies investigated the relationship between gut microbiota and brain tumours. However, it remains unclear whether the gut microbiome variation is a cause or product of cancer. Subsequently, a biomarker panel was constructed for use as a predictive, prognostic and diagnostic tool with respect to multiple cancers including glioma and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). This review further presents the intratumoural microbiome, a fascinating microenvironment within the tumour as a possible treatment target that can be manipulated to maximise effectiveness of treatment via personalised therapy. Studies utilising the microbiome as a biomarker and therapeutic strategy are necessary to accurately assess the effectiveness of the gut microbiome as a clinical tool with respect to brain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Aljarrah
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
| | - Naima Chalour
- Cognitive and Behavioural Neuroscience laboratory, Houari Boumediene University of Science and Technology, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria; Faculty of Biological Sciences, Houari Boumediene University of Science and Technology, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria.
| | - Amine Zorgani
- The Microbiome Mavericks, 60 rue Christian Lacouture, Bron 69500, France.
| | - Tracy Nissan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Md Zahidul I Pranjol
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
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Cho DE, Hong JP, Kim Y, Sim JY, Kim HS, Kim SR, Lee B, Cho HS, Cho IH, Shin S, Yeom M, Kwon SK, Lee IS, Park H, Kim K, Hahm DH. Role of gut-derived bacterial lipopolysaccharide and peripheral TLR4 in immobilization stress-induced itch aggravation in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6263. [PMID: 38491103 PMCID: PMC10942979 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56936-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Psychological stress and intestinal leakage are key factors in atopic dermatitis (AD) recurrence and exacerbation. Here, we demonstrate the mechanism underlying bacterial translocation across intestinal epithelial barrier damaged due to stress and further aggravation of trimellitic anhydride (TMA)-induced itch, which remain unclear, in AD mice. Immobilization (IMO) stress exacerbated scratching bouts and colon histological damage, and increased serum corticosterone and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Orally administered fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran and surgically injected (into the colon) Cy5.5-conjugated LPS were detected in the serum and skin after IMO stress, respectively. The relative abundance of aerobic or facultative anaerobic bacteria was increased in the colon mucus layer, and Lactobacillus murinus, E. coli, Staphylococcus nepalensis, and several strains of Bacillus sp. were isolated from the spleens and mesenteric lymph nodes. Oral antibiotics or intestinal permeability blockers, such as lubiprostone (Lu), 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine (TAP) and ML-7, inhibited IMO stress-associated itch; however, it was reinduced through intradermal or i.p. injection of LPS without IMO stress. I.p. injection of TAK-242 (resatorvid), a TLR4 inhibitor, abrogated IMO stress-associated itch, which was also confirmed in TLR4-KO mice. IMO stress alone did not cause itch in naïve mice. IMO stress-induced itch aggravation in TMA-treated AD mice might be attributed to the translocation of gut-derived bacterial cells and LPS, which activates peripheral TLR4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Eun Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Pyo Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoongeun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Sim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Heenam Stanley Kim
- Division of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Rae Kim
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Bombi Lee
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Sung Cho
- Department of Korean Medical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Korean Medical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooan Shin
- ACCURIEBIO Co., IRIS Lab., 6th Floor, Sangwon 12-gil 34, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04790, Republic of Korea
| | - Mijung Yeom
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Kyeong Kwon
- Division of Applied Life Science (Brain Korea 21 PLUS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Seon Lee
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Medical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hijoon Park
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Medical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuseok Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Dermatology of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Hahm
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Ziaka M, Exadaktylos A. Pathophysiology of acute lung injury in patients with acute brain injury: the triple-hit hypothesis. Crit Care 2024; 28:71. [PMID: 38454447 PMCID: PMC10918982 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-024-04855-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been convincingly demonstrated in recent years that isolated acute brain injury (ABI) may cause severe dysfunction of peripheral extracranial organs and systems. Of all potential target organs and systems, the lung appears to be the most vulnerable to damage after ABI. The pathophysiology of the bidirectional brain-lung interactions is multifactorial and involves inflammatory cascades, immune suppression, and dysfunction of the autonomic system. Indeed, the systemic effects of inflammatory mediators in patients with ABI create a systemic inflammatory environment ("first hit") that makes extracranial organs vulnerable to secondary procedures that enhance inflammation, such as mechanical ventilation (MV), surgery, and infections ("second hit"). Moreover, accumulating evidence supports the knowledge that gut microbiota constitutes a critical superorganism and an organ on its own, potentially modifying various physiological functions of the host. Furthermore, experimental and clinical data suggest the existence of a communication network among the brain, gastrointestinal tract, and its microbiome, which appears to regulate immune responses, gastrointestinal function, brain function, behavior, and stress responses, also named the "gut-microbiome-brain axis." Additionally, recent research evidence has highlighted a crucial interplay between the intestinal microbiota and the lungs, referred to as the "gut-lung axis," in which alterations during critical illness could result in bacterial translocation, sustained inflammation, lung injury, and pulmonary fibrosis. In the present work, we aimed to further elucidate the pathophysiology of acute lung injury (ALI) in patients with ABI by attempting to develop the "double-hit" theory, proposing the "triple-hit" hypothesis, focused on the influence of the gut-lung axis on the lung. Particularly, we propose, in addition to sympathetic hyperactivity, blast theory, and double-hit theory, that dysbiosis and intestinal dysfunction in the context of ABI alter the gut-lung axis, resulting in the development or further aggravation of existing ALI, which constitutes the "third hit."
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairi Ziaka
- Clinic for Geriatric Medicine, Center for Geriatric Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kantonsspital Baselland, Bruderholz, Switzerland.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Aristomenis Exadaktylos
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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5
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Le Cosquer G, Vergnolle N, Motta JP. Gut microb-aging and its relevance to frailty aging. Microbes Infect 2024; 26:105309. [PMID: 38316374 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
This review explores 'microb-aging' in the gut and its potential link to frailty aging. We explore this connection through alterations in microbiota's taxonomy and metabolism, as well as with concepts of ecological resilience, pathobionts emergence, and biogeography. We examine microb-aging in interconnected body organs, emphasizing the bidirectional relationship with 'inflammaging'. Finally, we discuss how targeting microb-aging could improve screening, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches in geriatrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Le Cosquer
- Institute of Digestive Health Research, IRSD, Toulouse University, INSERM U1220, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France; Department of Gastroenterology and Pancreatology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse Paul Sabatier University, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- Institute of Digestive Health Research, IRSD, Toulouse University, INSERM U1220, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France; Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Motta
- Institute of Digestive Health Research, IRSD, Toulouse University, INSERM U1220, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France.
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Luqman A, He M, Hassan A, Ullah M, Zhang L, Rashid Khan M, Din AU, Ullah K, Wang W, Wang G. Mood and microbes: a comprehensive review of intestinal microbiota's impact on depression. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1295766. [PMID: 38404464 PMCID: PMC10884216 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1295766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Depression is considered a multifaceted and intricate mental disorder of growing concern due to its significant impact on global health issues. The human gut microbiota, also known as the "second brain," has an important role in the CNS by regulating it through chemical, immunological, hormonal, and neurological processes. Various studies have found a significant bidirectional link between the brain and the gut, emphasizing the onset of depression therapies. The biological and molecular processes underlying depression and microbiota are required, as the bidirectional association may represent a novel study. However, profound insights into the stratification and diversity of the gut microbiota are still uncommon. This article investigates the emerging evidence of a bacterial relationship between the gut and the brain's neurological system and its potential pathogenicity and relevance. The interplay of microbiota, immune system, nervous system neurotransmitter synthesis, and neuroplasticity transitions is also widely studied. The consequences of stress, dietary fibers, probiotics, prebiotics, and antibiotics on the GB axis are being studied. Multiple studies revealed the processes underlying this axis and led to the development of effective microbiota-based drugs for both prevention and treatment. Therefore, the results support the hypothesis that gut microbiota influences depression and provide a promising area of research for an improved knowledge of the etiology of the disease and future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameer Luqman
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implant, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mei He
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Adil Hassan
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implant, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composite Materials and Devices, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
- JinFeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China
| | - Mehtab Ullah
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implant, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Muhammad Rashid Khan
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implant, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ahmad Ud Din
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Kamran Ullah
- Department of Biology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Wei Wang
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implant, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- JinFeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China
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7
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Hilakivi-Clarke L, de Oliveira Andrade F. Social Isolation and Breast Cancer. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad126. [PMID: 37586098 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Although the role of life stressors in breast cancer remains unclear, social isolation is consistently associated with increased breast cancer risk and mortality. Social isolation can be defined as loneliness or an absence of perceived social connections. In female mice and rats, social isolation is mimicked by housing animals 1 per cage. Social isolation causes many biological changes, of which an increase in inflammatory markers and disruptions in mitochondrial and cellular metabolism are commonly reported. It is not clear how the 2 traditional stress-induced pathways, namely, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis (HPA), resulting in a release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex, and autonomic nervous system (ANS), resulting in a release of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla and postganglionic neurons, could explain the increased breast cancer risk in socially isolated individuals. For instance, glucocorticoid receptor activation in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cells inhibits their proliferation, and activation of β-adrenergic receptor in immature immune cells promotes their differentiation toward antitumorigenic T cells. However, activation of HPA and ANS pathways may cause a disruption in the brain-gut-microbiome axis, resulting in gut dysbiosis. Gut dysbiosis, in turn, leads to an alteration in the production of bacterial metabolites, such as short chain fatty acids, causing a systemic low-grade inflammation and inducing dysfunction in mitochondrial and cellular metabolism. A possible causal link between social isolation-induced increased breast cancer risk and mortality and gut dysbiosis should be investigated, as it offers new tools to prevent breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Hilakivi-Clarke
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Fabia de Oliveira Andrade
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
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8
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Asseri AH, Bakhsh T, Abuzahrah SS, Ali S, Rather IA. The gut dysbiosis-cancer axis: illuminating novel insights and implications for clinical practice. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1208044. [PMID: 37361202 PMCID: PMC10288883 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1208044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The human intestinal microbiota, also known as the gut microbiota, comprises more than 100 trillion organisms, mainly bacteria. This number exceeds the host body cells by a factor of ten. The gastrointestinal tract, which houses 60%-80% of the host's immune cells, is one of the largest immune organs. It maintains systemic immune homeostasis in the face of constant bacterial challenges. The gut microbiota has evolved with the host, and its symbiotic state with the host's gut epithelium is a testament to this co-evolution. However, certain microbial subpopulations may expand during pathological interventions, disrupting the delicate species-level microbial equilibrium and triggering inflammation and tumorigenesis. This review highlights the impact of gut microbiota dysbiosis on the development and progression of certain types of cancers and discusses the potential for developing new therapeutic strategies against cancer by manipulating the gut microbiota. By interacting with the host microbiota, we may be able to enhance the effectiveness of anticancer therapies and open new avenues for improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer H. Asseri
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahani Bakhsh
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sajad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Irfan A. Rather
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Uriarte SM, Hajishengallis G. Neutrophils in the periodontium: Interactions with pathogens and roles in tissue homeostasis and inflammation. Immunol Rev 2023; 314:93-110. [PMID: 36271881 PMCID: PMC10049968 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are of key importance in periodontal health and disease. In their absence or when they are functionally defective, as occurs in certain congenital disorders, affected individuals develop severe forms of periodontitis in early age. These observations imply that the presence of immune-competent neutrophils is essential to homeostasis. However, the presence of supernumerary or hyper-responsive neutrophils, either because of systemic priming or innate immune training, leads to imbalanced host-microbe interactions in the periodontium that culminate in dysbiosis and inflammatory tissue breakdown. These disease-provoking imbalanced interactions are further exacerbated by periodontal pathogens capable of subverting neutrophil responses to their microbial community's benefit and the host's detriment. This review attempts a synthesis of these findings for an integrated view of the neutrophils' ambivalent role in periodontal disease and, moreover, discusses how some of these concepts underpin the development of novel therapeutic approaches to treat periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia M. Uriarte
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - George Hajishengallis
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Inflammation, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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10
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The neurobiology of irritable bowel syndrome. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:1451-1465. [PMID: 36732586 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-01972-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most prevalent disorder of brain-gut interactions that affects between 5 and 10% of the general population worldwide. The current symptom criteria restrict the diagnosis to recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel habits, but the majority of patients also report non-painful abdominal discomfort, associated psychiatric conditions (anxiety and depression), as well as other visceral and somatic pain-related symptoms. For decades, IBS was considered an intestinal motility disorder, and more recently a gut disorder. However, based on an extensive body of reported information about central, peripheral mechanisms and genetic factors involved in the pathophysiology of IBS symptoms, a comprehensive disease model of brain-gut-microbiome interactions has emerged, which can explain altered bowel habits, chronic abdominal pain, and psychiatric comorbidities. In this review, we will first describe novel insights into several key components of brain-gut microbiome interactions, starting with reported alterations in the gut connectome and enteric nervous system, and a list of distinct functional and structural brain signatures, and comparing them to the proposed brain alterations in anxiety disorders. We will then point out the emerging correlations between the brain networks with the genomic, gastrointestinal, immune, and gut microbiome-related parameters. We will incorporate this new information into a systems-based disease model of IBS. Finally, we will discuss the implications of such a model for the improved understanding of the disorder and the development of more effective treatment approaches in the future.
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11
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Luo T, Li Y, Zhang W, Liu J, Shi H. Rumen and fecal microbiota profiles associated with immunity of young and adult goats. Front Immunol 2022; 13:978402. [PMID: 36177023 PMCID: PMC9513485 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.978402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Low immunity at birth increases risk of disease of young livestock, such as goat kids. Microbiomes change as animals mature, and a healthy microbiome is related to decreased risk of disease. The relationship between microbiota profiles and immunity at different developmental stages remains unclear. Young (female, n = 12, 30 d) and adult (female, n = 12, 2 yrs. old) Saanen dairy goats were used to investigate changes in rumen microbiomes, fecal microbiomes, and their correlations to circulating immune factors. Serum IgG (P = 0.02) and IgM (P < 0.01) were higher at 2 years than 30 d of age, but there were no differences in IgA (P = 0.34), IL-2 (P = 0.05), IL-4 (P = 0.37) and IL-6 (P = 0.73) between ages. Amplicon sequencing analysis revealed young goats had a higher diversity of bacterial communities in rumen and lower diversity in feces compared with adult goats. Ten genera in rumen and 14 genera in feces were positively correlated with serum IgM concentration across both ages. Olsenella, Methanosphaera, Quinella, Candidatus_Saccharimonas, and Methanobrevibacter in rumen and Ruminobacter, Treponema, Rikenelaceae_ RC9_ gut_ Group in feces were positively correlated with the concentration of IgG. The correlation analysis using weighted gene co-expression network analysis showed the MEblue module was positively associated with the IgG and IgM. These data provide novel insight into the association between rumen-feces microbiota and immune response. Further experiments are needed to investigate whether inoculating young livestock with immune-related bacteria identified can improve the immune status. Our data suggest a possible strategy to improve the immunity of the kids by alterative microbiota profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Luo
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongtao Li
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hengbo Shi
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hengbo Shi,
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Stentz R, Jones E, Juodeikis R, Wegmann U, Guirro M, Goldson AJ, Brion A, Booth C, Sudhakar P, Brown IR, Korcsmáros T, Carding SR. The Proteome of Extracellular Vesicles Produced by the Human Gut Bacteria Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron In Vivo Is Influenced by Environmental and Host-Derived Factors. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0053322. [PMID: 35916501 PMCID: PMC9397113 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00533-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) released from both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria provide an effective means of communication and trafficking of cell signaling molecules. In the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) BEVs produced by members of the intestinal microbiota can impact host health by mediating microbe-host cell interactions. A major unresolved question, however, is what factors influence the composition of BEV proteins and whether the host influences protein packaging into BEVs and secretion into the GIT. To address this, we have analyzed the proteome of BEVs produced by the major human gut symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron both in vitro and in vivo in the murine GIT in order to identify proteins specifically enriched in BEVs produced in vivo. We identified 113 proteins enriched in BEVs produced in vivo, the majority (62/113) of which accumulated in BEVs in the absence of any changes in their expression by the parental cells. Among these selectively enriched proteins, we identified dipeptidyl peptidases and an asparaginase and confirmed their increased activity in BEVs produced in vivo. We also showed that intact BEVs are capable of degrading bile acids via a bile salt hydrolase. Collectively these findings provide additional evidence for the dynamic interplay of host-microbe interactions in the GIT and the existence of an active mechanism to drive and enrich a selected group of proteins for secretion into BEVs in the GIT. IMPORTANCE The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) harbors a complex community of microbes termed the microbiota that plays a role in maintaining the host's health and wellbeing. How this comes about and the nature of microbe-host cell interactions in the GIT is still unclear. Recently, nanosized vesicles naturally produced by bacterial constituents of the microbiota have been shown to influence responses of different host cells although the molecular basis and identity of vesicle-born bacterial proteins that mediate these interactions is unclear. We show here that bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) produced by the human symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron in the GIT are enriched in a set of proteins and enzymes, including dipeptidyl peptidases, an asparaginase and a bile salt hydrolase that can influence host cell biosynthetic pathways. Our results provide new insights into the molecular basis of microbiota-host interactions that are central to maintaining GIT homeostasis and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Régis Stentz
- Gut Microbes and Health Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Jones
- Gut Microbes and Health Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Rokas Juodeikis
- Gut Microbes and Health Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Udo Wegmann
- School of Chemistry, University East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Guirro
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (COS), Joint Unit Universitat Rovira i Virgili-EURECAT, Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructures (ICTS), Reus, Spain
| | - Andrew J. Goldson
- Core Science Resources Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Arlaine Brion
- Core Science Resources Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Booth
- Core Science Resources Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Padhmanand Sudhakar
- Gut Microbes and Health Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Earlham Institute, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, TARGID, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ian R. Brown
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Tamás Korcsmáros
- Gut Microbes and Health Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Earlham Institute, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Simon R. Carding
- Gut Microbes and Health Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Norwich Medical School, University East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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13
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Hickmott AJ, Boose KJ, Wakefield ML, Brand CM, Snodgrass JJ, Ting N, White FJ. A comparison of faecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentration and gut microbiota diversity in bonobos ( Pan paniscus). MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2022; 168. [PMID: 35960548 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sex, age, diet, stress and social environment have all been shown to influence the gut microbiota. In several mammals, including humans, increased stress is related to decreasing gut microbial diversity and may differentially impact specific taxa. Recent evidence from gorillas shows faecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentration (FGMC) did not significantly explain gut microbial diversity, but it was significantly associated with the abundance of the family Anaerolineaceae. These patterns have yet to be examined in other primates, like bonobos (Pan paniscus). We compared FGMC to 16S rRNA amplicons for 202 bonobo faecal samples collected across 5 months to evaluate the impact of stress, measured with FGMC, on the gut microbiota. Alpha diversity measures (Chao's and Shannon's indexes) were not significantly related to FGMC. FGMC explained 0.80 % of the variation in beta diversity for Jensen-Shannon and 1.2% for weighted UniFrac but was not significant for unweighted UniFrac. We found that genus SHD-231, a member of the family Anaerolinaceae had a significant positive relationship with FGMC. These results suggest that bonobos are relatively similar to gorillas in alpha diversity and family Anaerolinaceae responses to FGMC, but different from gorillas in beta diversity. Members of the family Anaerolinaceae may be differentially affected by FGMC across great apes. FGMC appears to be context dependent and may be species-specific for alpha and beta diversity but this study provides an example of consistent change in two African apes. Thus, the relationship between physiological stress and the gut microbiome may be difficult to predict, even among closely related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexana J Hickmott
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA.,Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Klaree J Boose
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Monica L Wakefield
- Sociology, Anthropology, and Philosophy, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA
| | - Colin M Brand
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, USA.,Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - J Josh Snodgrass
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Nelson Ting
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.,Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Frances J White
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
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14
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Tanelian A, Nankova B, Miari M, Nahvi RJ, Sabban EL. Resilience or susceptibility to traumatic stress: Potential influence of the microbiome. Neurobiol Stress 2022; 19:100461. [PMID: 35789769 PMCID: PMC9250071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2022.100461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to traumatic stress is a major risk factor for development of neuropsychiatric disorders in a sub-population of individuals, while others remain resilient. The mechanisms and contributing factors differentiating between these phenotypes are still unclear. We hypothesize that inter-individual differences in the microbial composition and function contribute to host resilience or susceptibility to stress-induced psychopathologies. The current study aimed to characterize gut microbial community before and after exposure to traumatic stress in an animal model of PTSD. Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into unstressed controls and experimental group subjected to Single Prolonged Stress (SPS). After 14 days, behavioral analyses were performed using Open Field, Social Interaction and Elevated Plus Maze tests. Based on the anxiety measures, the SPS group was further subdivided into resilient (SPS-R) and susceptible (SPS–S) cohorts. The animals were sacrificed after the last behavioral test and cecum, colon, hippocampus, and medial prefrontal cortex were dissected. Prior to SPS and immediately after Open Field test, fecal samples were collected from each rat for 16S V3–V4 ribosomal DNA sequencing, whereas urine samples were collected before SPS, 90 min into immobilization and on the day of sacrifice to measure epinephrine and norepinephrine levels. Analyses of the fecal microbiota revealed significant differences in microbial communities and in their predictive functionality among the groups before and after SPS stressors. Before SPS, the SPS-S subgroup harbored microbiota with an overall pro-inflammatory phenotype, whereas SPS-R subgroup had microbiota with an overall anti-inflammatory phenotype, with predictive functional pathways enriched in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and decreased in amino acid metabolism and neurodegenerative diseases. After SPS, the gut microbial communities and their predictive functionality shifted especially in SPS cohorts, with volatility at the genus level correlating inversely with Anxiety Index. In line with the alterations seen in the gut microbiota, the levels of cecal short chain fatty acids were also altered, with SPS-S subgroup having significantly lower levels of acetate, valerate and caproate. The levels of acetate inversely correlated with Anxiety Index. Interestingly, urinary epinephrine and norepinephrine levels were also higher in the SPS-S subgroup at baseline and during stress, indicative of an altered sympathoadrenal stress axis. Finally, shorter colon (marker of intestinal inflammation) and a lower claudin-5 protein expression (marker for increased blood brain barrier permeability) were observed in the SPS-S subgroup. Taken together, our results suggest microbiota is a potential factor in predisposing subjects either to stress susceptibility or resilience. Moreover, SPS triggered significant shifts in the gut microbiota, their metabolites and brain permeability. These findings could lead to new therapeutic directions for PTSD possibly through the controlled manipulation of gut microbiota. It may enable early identification of individuals more likely to develop prolonged anxiogenic symptoms following traumatic stress. Preexisting individual differences in microbiome relate to host's stress response. Shift in the microbial composition differs in SPS-R and SPS-S subgroups after SPS. Cecal levels of acetate in SPS subgroups correlate inversely with anxiety index. Basal and stress-induced urinary catecholamine levels are higher in SPS-S subgroup. SPS-S subgroup has shorter colon, less cecal SCFA and lower brain TJ protein.
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15
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Hertel J, Fässler D, Heinken A, Weiß FU, Rühlemann M, Bang C, Franke A, Budde K, Henning AK, Petersmann A, Völker U, Völzke H, Thiele I, Grabe HJ, Lerch MM, Nauck M, Friedrich N, Frost F. NMR Metabolomics Reveal Urine Markers of Microbiome Diversity and Identify Benzoate Metabolism as a Mediator between High Microbial Alpha Diversity and Metabolic Health. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040308. [PMID: 35448495 PMCID: PMC9025190 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial metabolites measured using NMR may serve as markers for physiological or pathological host–microbe interactions and possibly mediate the beneficial effects of microbiome diversity. Yet, comprehensive analyses of gut microbiome data and the urine NMR metabolome from large general population cohorts are missing. Here, we report the associations between gut microbiota abundances or metrics of alpha diversity, quantified from stool samples using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, with targeted urine NMR metabolites measures from 951 participants of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP). We detected significant genus–metabolite associations for hippurate, succinate, indoxyl sulfate, and formate. Moreover, while replicating the previously reported association between hippurate and measures of alpha diversity, we identified formate and 4-hydroxyphenylacetate as novel markers of gut microbiome alpha diversity. Next, we predicted the urinary concentrations of each metabolite using genus abundances via an elastic net regression methodology. We found profound associations of the microbiome-based hippurate prediction score with markers of liver injury, inflammation, and metabolic health. Moreover, the microbiome-based prediction score for hippurate completely mediated the clinical association pattern of microbial diversity, hinting at a role of benzoate metabolism underlying the positive associations between high alpha diversity and healthy states. In conclusion, large-scale NMR urine metabolomics delivered novel insights into metabolic host–microbiome interactions, identifying pathways of benzoate metabolism as relevant candidates mediating the beneficial health effects of high microbial alpha diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Hertel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany; (D.F.); (H.-J.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Daniel Fässler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany; (D.F.); (H.-J.G.)
| | - Almut Heinken
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, H91 CF50 Galway, Ireland; (A.H.); (I.T.)
| | - Frank U. Weiß
- Department of Internal Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany; (F.U.W.); (M.M.L.); (F.F.)
| | - Malte Rühlemann
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, D-24105 Kiel, Germany; (M.R.); (C.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Corinna Bang
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, D-24105 Kiel, Germany; (M.R.); (C.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, D-24105 Kiel, Germany; (M.R.); (C.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Kathrin Budde
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany; (K.B.); (A.-K.H.); (A.P.); (M.N.); (N.F.)
| | - Ann-Kristin Henning
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany; (K.B.); (A.-K.H.); (A.P.); (M.N.); (N.F.)
| | - Astrid Petersmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany; (K.B.); (A.-K.H.); (A.P.); (M.N.); (N.F.)
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Oldenburg, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University of Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Ines Thiele
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, H91 CF50 Galway, Ireland; (A.H.); (I.T.)
- Discipline of Microbiology, National University of Galway, H91 CF50 Galway, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland
- Ryan Institute, National University of Galway, H91 CF50 Galway, Ireland
| | - Hans-Jörgen Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany; (D.F.); (H.-J.G.)
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Partner Site Rostock/Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Markus M. Lerch
- Department of Internal Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany; (F.U.W.); (M.M.L.); (F.F.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, D-80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany; (K.B.); (A.-K.H.); (A.P.); (M.N.); (N.F.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nele Friedrich
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany; (K.B.); (A.-K.H.); (A.P.); (M.N.); (N.F.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Fabian Frost
- Department of Internal Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany; (F.U.W.); (M.M.L.); (F.F.)
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16
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Eukaryotic catecholamine hormones influence the chemotactic control of Vibrio campbellii by binding to the coupling protein CheW. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2118227119. [PMID: 35238645 PMCID: PMC8915975 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2118227119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Host-emitted stress hormones significantly influence the growth and behavior of various bacterial species; however, their cellular targets have so far remained elusive. Here, we used customized probes and quantitative proteomics to identify the target of epinephrine and the α-adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine in live cells of the aquatic pathogen Vibrio campbellii. Consequently, we have discovered the coupling protein CheW, which is in the center of the chemotaxis signaling network, as a target of both molecules. We not only demonstrate direct ligand binding to CheW but also elucidate how this affects chemotactic control. These findings are pivotal for further research on hormone-specific effects on bacterial behavior. In addition to their well-known role as stress-associated catecholamine hormones in animals and humans, epinephrine (EPI) and norepinephrine (NE) act as interkingdom signals between eukaryotic hosts and bacteria. However, the molecular basis of their effects on bacteria is not well understood. In initial phenotypic studies utilizing Vibrio campbellii as a model organism, we characterized the bipartite mode of action of catecholamines, which consists of promotion of growth under iron limitation and enhanced colony expansion on soft agar. In order to identify the molecular targets of the hormones, we designed and synthesized tailored probes for chemical proteomic studies. As the catechol group in EPI and NE acts as an iron chelator and is prone to form a reactive quinone moiety, we devised a photoprobe based on the adrenergic agonist phenylephrine (PE), which solely influenced colony expansion. Using this probe, we identified CheW, located at the core of the chemotaxis signaling network, as a major target. In vitro studies confirmed that EPI, NE, PE, and labetalol, a clinically applied antagonist, bind to purified CheW with affinity constants in the submicromolar range. In line with these findings, exposure of V. campbellii to these adrenergic agonists affects the chemotactic control of the bacterium. This study highlights an effect of eukaryotic signaling molecules on bacterial motility.
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Hamed A, Pullinger G, Stevens M, Farveen F, Freestone P. Characterisation of the E. coli and Salmonella qseC and qseE mutants reveals a metabolic rather than adrenergic receptor role. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2022; 369:6524176. [PMID: 35137015 PMCID: PMC8897314 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnac012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Catecholamine stress hormones (norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine) are signals that have been shown to be used as environmental cues, which affect the growth and virulence of normal microbiota as well as pathogenic bacteria. It has been reported that Escherichia coli and Salmonella use the two-component system proteins QseC and QseE to recognise catecholamines and so act as bacterial adrenergic receptors. In this study, we mutated the E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium genes encoding QseC and QseE and found that this did not block stress hormone responsiveness in either species. Motility, biofilm formation, and analysis of virulence of the mutants using two infection models were similar to the wild-type strains. The main differences in phenotypes of the qseC and qseE mutants were responses to changes in temperature and growth in different media particularly with respect to salt, carbon, and nitrogen salt sources. In this physiological respect, it was also found that the phenotypes of the qseC and qseE mutants differed between E. coli and Salmonella. These findings collectively suggest that QseC and QseE are not essential for E. coli and Salmonella to respond to stress hormones and that the proteins may be playing a role in regulating metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla Hamed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zawia, Zawiya QP7X+536, Libya
| | - Gillian Pullinger
- Division of Microbiology, Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Newbury RG20 7NN, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Stevens
- The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Fathima Farveen
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Primrose Freestone
- Corresponding author: Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom. Tel: +44 (0)116 2525656; Fax: +44 (0)116 2525030; E-mail:
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Comizzoli P, Power ML, Bornbusch SL, Muletz-Wolz CR. Interactions between reproductive biology and microbiomes in wild animal species. Anim Microbiome 2021; 3:87. [PMID: 34949226 PMCID: PMC8697499 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-021-00156-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many parts of the animal body harbor microbial communities, known as animal-associated microbiomes, that affect the regulation of physiological functions. Studies in human and animal models have demonstrated that the reproductive biology and such microbiomes also interact. However, this concept is poorly studied in wild animal species and little is known about the implications to fertility, parental/offspring health, and survival in natural habitats. The objective of this review is to (1) specify the interactions between animals' reproductive biology, including reproductive signaling, pregnancy, and offspring development, and their microbiomes, with an emphasis on wild species and (2) identify important research gaps as well as areas for further studies. While microbiomes present in the reproductive tract play the most direct role, other bodily microbiomes may also contribute to facilitating reproduction. In fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, endogenous processes related to the host physiology and behavior (visual and olfactory reproductive signals, copulation) can both influence and be influenced by the structure and function of microbial communities. In addition, exposures to maternal microbiomes in mammals (through vagina, skin, and milk) shape the offspring microbiomes, which, in turn, affects health later in life. Importantly, for all wild animal species, host-associated microbiomes are also influenced by environmental variations. There is still limited literature on wild animals compared to the large body of research on model species and humans. However, the few studies in wild species clearly highlight the necessity of increased research in rare and endangered animals to optimize conservation efforts in situ and ex situ. Thus, the link between microbiomes and reproduction is an emerging and critical component in wild animal conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Comizzoli
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Veterinary Hospital MRC5502, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA
| | - Michael L. Power
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Veterinary Hospital MRC5502, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA
| | - Sally L. Bornbusch
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Veterinary Hospital MRC5502, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA
| | - Carly R. Muletz-Wolz
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Veterinary Hospital MRC5502, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA
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Novel insights on gut microbiota manipulation and immune checkpoint inhibition in cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2021; 59:75. [PMID: 34396439 PMCID: PMC8360620 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer affects millions of individuals worldwide. Thus, there is an increased need for the development of novel effective therapeutic approaches. Tumorigenesis is often coupled with immunosuppression which defeats the anticancer immune defense mechanisms activated by the host. Novel anticancer therapies based on the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are very promising against both solid and hematological tumors, although still exhibiting heterogeneous efficacy, as well as tolerability. Such a differential response seems to derive from individual diversity, including the gut microbiota (GM) composition of specific patients. Experimental evidence supports the key role played by the GM in the activation of the immune system response against malignancies. This observation suggests to aim for patient-tailored complementary therapies able to modulate the GM, enabling the selective enrichment in microbial species, which can improve the positive outcome of ICI-based immunotherapy. Moreover, the research of GM-derived predictive biomarkers may help to identify the selected cancer population, which can benefit from ICI-based therapy, without the occurrence of adverse reactions and/or cancer relapse. The present review summarizes the landmark studies published to date, which have contributed to uncovering the tight link existing between GM composition, cancer development and the host immune system. Bridging this triangle of interactions may ultimately guide towards the identification of novel biomarkers, as well as integrated and patient-tailored anticancer approaches with greater efficacy.
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20
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Ozuna H, Uriarte SM, Demuth DR. The Hunger Games: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Exploits Human Neutrophils As an Epinephrine Source for Survival. Front Immunol 2021; 12:707096. [PMID: 34456916 PMCID: PMC8387626 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.707096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a gram-negative facultative anaerobe and an opportunistic oral pathogen, strongly associated with periodontitis and other inflammatory diseases. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammation of the periodontium resulting from the inflammatory response of the host towards the dysbiotic microbial community present at the gingival crevice. Previously, our group identified catecholamines and iron as the signals that activate the QseBC two-component system in A. actinomycetemcomitans, necessary for the organism to acquire iron as a nutrient to survive in the anaerobic environment. However, the source of catecholamines has not been identified. It has been reported that mouse neutrophils can release catecholamines. In periodontitis, large infiltration of neutrophils is found at the subgingival pocket; hence, we wanted to test the hypothesis that A. actinomycetemcomitans exploits human neutrophils as a source for catecholamines. In the present study, we showed that human neutrophils synthesize, store, and release epinephrine, one of the three main types of catecholamines. Human neutrophil challenge with A. actinomycetemcomitans induced exocytosis of neutrophil granule subtypes: secretory vesicles, specific granules, gelatinase granules, and azurophilic granules. In addition, by selectively inhibiting granule exocytosis, we present the first evidence that epinephrine is stored in azurophilic granules. Using QseC mutants, we showed that the periplasmic domain of the QseC sensor kinase is required for the interaction between A. actinomycetemcomitans and epinephrine. Finally, epinephrine-containing supernatants collected from human neutrophils promoted A. actinomycetemcomitans growth and induced the expression of the qseBC operon under anaerobic conditions. Based on our findings, we propose that A. actinomycetemcomitans promotes azurophilic granule exocytosis by neutrophils as an epinephrine source to promote bacterial survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel Ozuna
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Silvia M. Uriarte
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Donald R. Demuth
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
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21
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Caffaratti C, Plazy C, Mery G, Tidjani AR, Fiorini F, Thiroux S, Toussaint B, Hannani D, Le Gouellec A. What We Know So Far about the Metabolite-Mediated Microbiota-Intestinal Immunity Dialogue and How to Hear the Sound of This Crosstalk. Metabolites 2021; 11:406. [PMID: 34205653 PMCID: PMC8234899 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11060406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Trillions of microorganisms, termed the "microbiota", reside in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract, and collectively participate in regulating the host phenotype. It is now clear that the gut microbiota, metabolites, and intestinal immune function are correlated, and that alterations of the complex and dynamic host-microbiota interactions can have deep consequences for host health. However, the mechanisms by which the immune system regulates the microbiota and by which the microbiota shapes host immunity are still not fully understood. This article discusses the contribution of metabolites in the crosstalk between gut microbiota and immune cells. The identification of key metabolites having a causal effect on immune responses and of the mechanisms involved can contribute to a deeper insight into host-microorganism relationships. This will allow a better understanding of the correlation between dysbiosis, microbial-based dysmetabolism, and pathogenesis, thus creating opportunities to develop microbiota-based therapeutics to improve human health. In particular, we systematically review the role of soluble and membrane-bound microbial metabolites in modulating host immunity in the gut, and of immune cells-derived metabolites affecting the microbiota, while discussing evidence of the bidirectional impact of this crosstalk. Furthermore, we discuss the potential strategies to hear the sound of such metabolite-mediated crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Caffaratti
- Faculty of Medicine, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC (UMR5525), 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.C.); (C.P.); (G.M.); (A.-R.T.); (S.T.); (B.T.)
| | - Caroline Plazy
- Faculty of Medicine, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC (UMR5525), 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.C.); (C.P.); (G.M.); (A.-R.T.); (S.T.); (B.T.)
- Service de Biochimie Biologie Moléculaire Toxicologie Environnementale, UM Biochimie des Enzymes et des Protéines, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Plateforme de Métabolomique GEMELI-GExiM, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Geoffroy Mery
- Faculty of Medicine, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC (UMR5525), 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.C.); (C.P.); (G.M.); (A.-R.T.); (S.T.); (B.T.)
- Department of Infectiology-Pneumology, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Abdoul-Razak Tidjani
- Faculty of Medicine, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC (UMR5525), 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.C.); (C.P.); (G.M.); (A.-R.T.); (S.T.); (B.T.)
| | - Federica Fiorini
- Plateforme de Métabolomique GEMELI-GExiM, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Sarah Thiroux
- Faculty of Medicine, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC (UMR5525), 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.C.); (C.P.); (G.M.); (A.-R.T.); (S.T.); (B.T.)
| | - Bertrand Toussaint
- Faculty of Medicine, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC (UMR5525), 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.C.); (C.P.); (G.M.); (A.-R.T.); (S.T.); (B.T.)
- Service de Biochimie Biologie Moléculaire Toxicologie Environnementale, UM Biochimie des Enzymes et des Protéines, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Plateforme de Métabolomique GEMELI-GExiM, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Dalil Hannani
- Faculty of Medicine, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC (UMR5525), 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.C.); (C.P.); (G.M.); (A.-R.T.); (S.T.); (B.T.)
| | - Audrey Le Gouellec
- Faculty of Medicine, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC (UMR5525), 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.C.); (C.P.); (G.M.); (A.-R.T.); (S.T.); (B.T.)
- Service de Biochimie Biologie Moléculaire Toxicologie Environnementale, UM Biochimie des Enzymes et des Protéines, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Plateforme de Métabolomique GEMELI-GExiM, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France;
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22
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Battaglini D, Robba C, Fedele A, Trancǎ S, Sukkar SG, Di Pilato V, Bassetti M, Giacobbe DR, Vena A, Patroniti N, Ball L, Brunetti I, Torres Martí A, Rocco PRM, Pelosi P. The Role of Dysbiosis in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:671714. [PMID: 34150807 PMCID: PMC8211890 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.671714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In late December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) quickly spread worldwide, and the syndrome it causes, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has reached pandemic proportions. Around 30% of patients with COVID-19 experience severe respiratory distress and are admitted to the intensive care unit for comprehensive critical care. Patients with COVID-19 often present an enhanced immune response with a hyperinflammatory state characterized by a "cytokine storm," which may reflect changes in the microbiota composition. Moreover, the evolution to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) may increase the severity of COVID-19 and related dysbiosis. During critical illness, the multitude of therapies administered, including antibiotics, sedatives, analgesics, body position, invasive mechanical ventilation, and nutritional support, may enhance the inflammatory response and alter the balance of patients' microbiota. This status of dysbiosis may lead to hyper vulnerability in patients and an inappropriate response to critical circumstances. In this context, the aim of our narrative review is to provide an overview of possible interaction between patients' microbiota dysbiosis and clinical status of severe COVID-19 with ARDS, taking into consideration the characteristic hyperinflammatory state of this condition, respiratory distress, and provide an overview on possible nutritional strategies for critically ill patients with COVID-19-ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Battaglini
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) per l'Oncologia e le Neuroscienze, Genova, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chiara Robba
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) per l'Oncologia e le Neuroscienze, Genova, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Fedele
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) per l'Oncologia e le Neuroscienze, Genova, Italy
| | - Sebastian Trancǎ
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care II, Clinical Emergency County Hospital of Cluj, Iuliu Hatieganu, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 1, Clinical Emergency County Hospital Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Samir Giuseppe Sukkar
- Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) per l'Oncologia e le Neuroscienze, Genova, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Pilato
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Matteo Bassetti
- Clinica Malattie Infettive, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) per l'Oncologia e le Neuroscienze, Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute (DISSAL), Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Daniele Roberto Giacobbe
- Clinica Malattie Infettive, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) per l'Oncologia e le Neuroscienze, Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute (DISSAL), Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Antonio Vena
- Clinica Malattie Infettive, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) per l'Oncologia e le Neuroscienze, Genova, Italy
| | - Nicolò Patroniti
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) per l'Oncologia e le Neuroscienze, Genova, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Ball
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) per l'Oncologia e le Neuroscienze, Genova, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Iole Brunetti
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) per l'Oncologia e le Neuroscienze, Genova, Italy
| | - Antoni Torres Martí
- Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Division of Animal Experimentation, Department of Pulmonology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Rieken Macedo Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- COVID-19-Network, Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Paolo Pelosi
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) per l'Oncologia e le Neuroscienze, Genova, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
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23
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Leblhuber F, Steiner K, Geisler S, Fuchs D, Gostner JM. On the Possible Relevance of Bottom-up Pathways in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:1415-1421. [PMID: 32407280 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200514090359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dementia is an increasing health problem in older aged populations worldwide. Age-related changes in the brain can be observed decades before the first symptoms of cognitive decline appear. Cognitive impairment has chronic inflammatory components, which can be enhanced by systemic immune activation. There exist mutual interferences between inflammation and cognitive deficits. Signs of an activated immune system i.e. increases in the serum concentrations of soluble biomarkers such as neopterin or accelerated tryptophan breakdown along the kynurenine axis develop in a significant proportion of patients with dementia and correlate with the course of the disease, and they also have a predictive value. Changes in biomarker concentrations are reported to be associated with systemic infections by pathogens such as cytomegalovirus (CMV) and bacterial content in saliva. More recently, the possible influence of microbiome composition on Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis has been observed. These observations suggest that brain pathology is not the sole factor determining the pathogenesis of AD. Interestingly, patients with AD display drastic changes in markers of immune activation in the circulation and in the cerebrospinal fluid. Other data have suggested the involvement of factors extrinsic to the brain in the pathogenesis of AD. However, currently, neither the roles of these factors nor their importance has been clearly defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Leblhuber
- Department of Gerontology, Neuromed Campus, Kepler University Clinic, Linz, Austria
| | - Kostja Steiner
- Department of Gerontology, Neuromed Campus, Kepler University Clinic, Linz, Austria
| | - Simon Geisler
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johanna M Gostner
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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24
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Soopramanien M, Khan NA, Siddiqui R. Gut microbiota of animals living in polluted environments are a potential resource of anticancer molecules. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:1039-1055. [PMID: 33368930 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a prominent cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, in spite of advances in therapeutic interventions and supportive care. In 2018 alone, there were 18·1 million new cancer cases and 9·6 million deaths indicating the need for novel anticancer agents. Plant-based products have often been linked with protective effects against communicable and non-communicable diseases. Recently, we have shown that animals such as crocodiles thrive in polluted environments and are often exposed to carcinogenic agents, but still benefit from prolonged lifespan. The protective mechanisms shielding them from cancer could be attributed to the immune system, and/or it is possible that their gut microbiota produce anticancer molecules. In support, several lines of evidence suggest that gut microbiota plays a critical role in the physiology of its host. Here, we reviewed the available literature to assess whether the gut microbiota of animals thriving in polluted environment possess anticancer molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Soopramanien
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - N A Khan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - R Siddiqui
- College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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25
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Choudhry H. The Microbiome and Its Implications in Cancer Immunotherapy. Molecules 2021; 26:E206. [PMID: 33401586 PMCID: PMC7795182 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is responsible for ~18 million deaths globally each year, representing a major cause of death. Several types of therapy strategies such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy and more recently immunotherapy, have been implemented in treating various types of cancer. Microbes have recently been found to be both directly and indirectly involved in cancer progression and regulation, and studies have provided novel and clear insights into the microbiome-mediated emergence of cancers. Scientists around the globe are striving hard to identify and characterize these microbes and the underlying mechanisms by which they promote or suppress various kinds of cancer. Microbes may influence immunotherapy by blocking various cell cycle checkpoints and the production of certain metabolites. Hence, there is an urgent need to better understand the role of these microbes in the promotion and suppression of cancer. The identification of microbes may help in the development of future diagnostic tools to cure cancers possibly associated with the microbiome. This review mainly focuses on various microbes and their association with different types of cancer, responses to immunotherapeutic modulation, physiological responses, and prebiotic and postbiotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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26
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Ethridge AD, Bazzi MH, Lukacs NW, Huffnagle GB. Interkingdom Communication and Regulation of Mucosal Immunity by the Microbiome. J Infect Dis 2020; 223:S236-S240. [PMID: 33330908 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular communication and environmental sensing are most often mediated through ligand-receptor binding and signaling. This is true for both host cells and microbial cells. The ligands can be proteins (cytokines, growth factors, and peptides), modified lipids, nucleic acid derivatives and small molecules generated from metabolic pathways. These latter nonprotein metabolites play a much greater role in the overall function of mucosal immunity than previously recognized, and the list of potential immunomodulatory molecules derived from the microbiome is growing. The most well-studied microbial signals are the nonmetabolite microbe-associated molecular pattern molecules, such as lipopolysaccharide and teichoic acid, that bind to host pattern recognition receptors. Here, we will highlight the immunomodulatory activities of other microbiome-derived molecules, such as short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, uric acid, prostaglandins, histamine, catecholamines, aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands, and 12,13-diHOME.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Malak H Bazzi
- Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Nicholas W Lukacs
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Gary B Huffnagle
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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27
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Abstract
Periodontal diseases are chronic inflammatory, multifactorial diseases where the major triggering factors for disease onset are bacteria and their toxins, but the major part of tissue destruction occurs as a result of host response towards the periodontal microbiome. Periodontal microbiome consists of a wide range of microorganisms including obligate and facultative anaerobes. In health, there is a dynamic balance between the host, environment, and the microbiome. Environmental factors, mainly tobacco smoking and psychological stress, disrupt the symbiotic relationship. Tobacco smoke and its components alter the bacterial surface and functions such as growth. Psychological stressors and stress hormones may affect the outcome of an infection by changing the virulence factors and/or host response. This review aims to provide currently available data on the effects of the major environmental factors on the periodontal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurcan Buduneli
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
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28
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Zaher S. Nutrition and the gut microbiome during critical illness: A new insight of nutritional therapy. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:300487. [PMID: 33208559 PMCID: PMC8019138 DOI: 10.4103/sjg.sjg_352_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in the microbiome in response to environmental influences can affect the overall health. Critical illness is considered one of the major environmental factors that can potentially influence the normal gut homeostasis. It is associated with pathophysiological effects causing damage to the intestinal microbiome. Alteration of intestinal microbial composition during critical illness may subsequently compromise the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier and intestinal mucosa absorptive function. Many factors can impact the microbiome of critically ill patients including ischemia, hypoxia and hypotension along with the iatrogenic effects of therapeutic agents and the lack of enteral feeds. Factors related to disease state and medication are inevitable and they are part of the intensive care unit (ICU) exposure. However, a nutritional intervention targeting gut microbiota might have the potential to improve clinical outcomes in the critically ill population given the extensive vascular and lymphatic links between the intestines and other organs. Although nutrition is considered an integral part of the treatment plan of critically ill patients, still the role of nutritional intervention is restricted to improve nitrogen balance. What is dismissed is whether the nutrients we provide are adequate and how they are processed and utilised by the host and the microbiota. Therefore, the goal of nutrition therapy during critical illness should be extended to provide good quality feeds with balanced macronutrient content to feed up the entire body including the microbiota and host cells. The main aim of this review is to examine the current literature on the effect of critical illness on the gut microbiome and to highlight the role of nutrition as a factor affecting the intestinal microbiome-host relationship during critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zaher
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia
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29
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Effects of gut microbial-based treatments on gut microbiota, behavioral symptoms, and gastrointestinal symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review. Psychiatry Res 2020; 293:113471. [PMID: 33198044 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have identified some abnormalities in gastrointestinal (GI) physiology (e.g., increased intestinal permeability, overall microbiota alterations, and gut infection) in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Furthermore, changes in the intestinal flora may be related to GI and ASD symptom severity. Thus, we decided to systematically review the effects of gut microbial-based interventions on gut microbiota, behavioral symptoms, and GI symptoms in children with ASD. We reviewed current evidence from the Cochrane Library, EBSCO PsycARTICLES, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scope databases up to July 12, 2020. Experimental studies that used gut microbial-based treatments among children with ASD were included. Independent data extraction and quality assessment of studies were conducted according to the PRISMA statement. Finally, we identified 16 articles and found that some interventions (i.e., prebiotic, probiotic, vitamin A supplementation, antibiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation) could alter the gut microbiota and improve behavioral symptoms and GI symptoms among ASD patients. Our findings highlight that the gut microbiota could be a novel target for ASD patients in the future. However, we only provided suggestive but not conclusive evidence regarding the efficacy of interventions on GI and behavioral symptoms among ASD patients. Additional rigorous trials are needed to evaluate the effects of gut microbial-based treatments and explore potential mechanisms.
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30
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Dubar M, Clerc-Urmès I, Baumann C, Clément C, Alauzet C, Bisson C. Relations of Psychosocial Factors and Cortisol with Periodontal and Bacterial Parameters: A Prospective Clinical Study in 30 Patients with Periodontitis Before and After Non-Surgical Treatment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17207651. [PMID: 33092182 PMCID: PMC7588876 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: The progression of periodontitis, induced by polymicrobial dysbiosis, can be modified by systemic or environmental factors such as stress or anxiety affecting host response. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential associations between psychosocial factors scores or salivary cortisol levels with clinical periodontal parameters and bacterial environment in patients with periodontitis; (2) Methods: Subgingival microbiota was collected in two pathological and one healthy sites from thirty diseased patients (before/after scaling and root planing (SRP)) and from one healthy site from thirty control patients. Usual clinical periodontal parameters were recorded, and a saliva sample was harvested. Patients completed stress and anxiety self-assessment questionnaires. Cortisol concentrations were determined by ELISA and bacteria were identified by PCR; (3) Results: No correlation between salivary cortisol and the stress-anxiety self-declared was found (p > 0.05), but high concentrations of this molecule were associated positively and linearly with periodontal pocket depth (p = 0.04). It appeared that certain psychosocial stressors are associated with a modulation of the bacterial colonization of pockets of diseased group (before/after SRP), notably concerning Tannerella forsythia (p = 0.02), Porphyromonas gingivalis (p = 0.03), Fusobacterium nucleatum (p = 0.049) and Campylobacter rectus (p = 0.01). (4) Conclusion: This study reveals associations between bacteria colonization and psychosocial parameters in periodontitis that needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Dubar
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France
- Stress Immunity Pathogens Unit (SIMPA), EA 7300, University of Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (C.A.); (C.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Isabelle Clerc-Urmès
- Department of Methodology, Promotion and Investigation, UMDS, University Hospital of Nancy, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (I.C.-U.); (C.B.)
| | - Cédric Baumann
- Department of Methodology, Promotion and Investigation, UMDS, University Hospital of Nancy, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (I.C.-U.); (C.B.)
| | - Céline Clément
- CHRU Nancy, Department of Public Health Dentistry, University Hospital, 54000 Nancy, France;
- “Interpsy” Laboratory, University of Lorraine, EA 4432, CEDEX 54015 Nancy, France
- «Health Systemic Process» Laboratory, University Lyon 1, EA 4129, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Corentine Alauzet
- Stress Immunity Pathogens Unit (SIMPA), EA 7300, University of Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (C.A.); (C.B.)
- CHRU Nancy, Microbiology Department, University Hospital, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Catherine Bisson
- Stress Immunity Pathogens Unit (SIMPA), EA 7300, University of Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (C.A.); (C.B.)
- Department of Periodontology, Nancy University Hospital, Lorraine University, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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31
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Natan E, Fitak RR, Werber Y, Vortman Y. Symbiotic magnetic sensing: raising evidence and beyond. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190595. [PMID: 32772668 PMCID: PMC7435164 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The identity of a magnetic sensor in animals remains enigmatic. Although the use of the geomagnetic field for orientation and navigation in animals across a broad taxonomic range has been well established over the past five decades, the identity of the magnetic-sensing organ and its structure and/or apparatus within such animals remains elusive-'a sense without a receptor'. Recently, we proposed that symbiotic magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) may serve as the underlying mechanism behind a magnetic sense in animals-'the symbiotic magnetic-sensing hypothesis'. Since we first presented this hypothesis, both criticism and support have been raised accordingly. Here we address the primary criticisms and discuss the plausibility of such a symbiosis, supported by preliminary findings demonstrating the ubiquity of MTB DNA in general, and specifically in animal samples. We also refer to new supporting findings, and discuss host adaptations that could be driven by such a symbiosis. Finally, we suggest the future research directions required to confirm or refute the possibility of symbiotic magnetic-sensing. This article is part of the theme issue 'The role of the microbiome in host evolution'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Rodgers Fitak
- Department of Biology; Genomics and Bioinformatics Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Yuval Werber
- Department of Biotechnology, Tel Hai Academic College, Upper Galilee, 1220800, Israel
| | - Yoni Vortman
- Department of Animal Sciences, Hula Research Center, Tel Hai Academic College, Upper Galilee, 1220800, Israel
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Bistoletti M, Bosi A, Banfi D, Giaroni C, Baj A. The microbiota-gut-brain axis: Focus on the fundamental communication pathways. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 176:43-110. [PMID: 33814115 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Bistoletti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bosi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Davide Banfi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Cristina Giaroni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
| | - Andreina Baj
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Meng J, Chen H, Lv Q, Luo X, Yang K. The Release of Norepinephrine in C57BL/6J Mice Treated with 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) is Associated with Translocations in Enteric Escherichia coli via the QseC Histidine Kinase Receptor. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e922986. [PMID: 32764532 PMCID: PMC7433386 DOI: 10.12659/msm.922986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to investigate the effects of norepinephrine (NE) released from endogenous stores on bacterial translocation of Escherichia coli in mice by administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), which selectively destroys noradrenergic nerve terminals. Material/Methods E. coli strain BW25113 and its derivatives (BW25113ΔqseC and BW25113ΔqseC pQseC) were used in this study. The serum concentrations of endotoxin were analyzed. The strains BW25113, BW25113ΔqseC, and BW25113ΔqseC pQseC were detected respectively in tissue specimens harvested from mice treated with 6-OHDA. Results Mice treated with BW25113ΔqseC showed reduced levels of bacterial translocation following administration of 6-OHDA compared with mice treated with BW25113. The defect of E. coli QseC receptor caused the norepinephrine-QseC signal chain to be interrupted, and the invasiveness and penetrating power of the bacteria on the intestinal mucosa was weakened, eventually leading to a significant decrease in the incidence of bacterial translocation. Conclusions NE modulates the interaction of enteric bacterial pathogens with their hosts via QseC. The blockade of the QseC receptor-mediated effects may be useful to attenuate bacterial translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Meng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Huamei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Qin Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaodan Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
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Sharma VR, Singh M, Kumar V, Yadav M, Sehrawat N, Sharma DK, Sharma AK. Microbiome dysbiosis in cancer: Exploring therapeutic strategies to counter the disease. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 70:61-70. [PMID: 32693015 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer being a multiplex disease which involves many genomic and physiological alterations that occur consistently in the cancerous tissue, making the treatment and management of the disease even more complicated. The human gut microbiota (GM) harbors collective genomes of microbes comprising of trillions of bacteria along with fungi, archaea, and viruses that have the tendency to affect the development and progression of cancer. Moreover, inter-microbial interactions, diversity and distinct differences among the GM populations could influence the course of disease, making the microbiome an ideal target or to be modulated in such a way so as to improve cancer therapeutics with better efficacy and reduced toxicity. Current review focuses upon exploring the association of gut microbiota with the progression of cancer for which a structured search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed research literature has been carried out using focused review questions and inclusion/exclusion criteria. Through this review one could envisage a wide-spectrum role of microbiota in maintaining host metabolism, immune homeostasis paving the way for an anticancer diagnostic and therapeutic solution that has the potential to counter the menace of anti-cancer drug resistance as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Var Ruchi Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Gobind Singh College Sector-26, Chandigarh UT, 160019, India
| | - Manoj Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Mukesh Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Nirmala Sehrawat
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala Haryana, 133207, India
| | | | - Anil K Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala Haryana, 133207, India.
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Choy A, Freedberg DE. Impact of microbiome-based interventions on gastrointestinal pathogen colonization in the intensive care unit. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2020; 13:1756284820939447. [PMID: 32733601 PMCID: PMC7370550 DOI: 10.1177/1756284820939447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the intensive care unit (ICU), colonization of the gastrointestinal tract by potentially pathogenic bacteria is common and often precedes clinical infection. Though effective in the short term, traditional antibiotic-based decolonization methods may contribute to rising resistance in the long term. Novel therapies instead focus on restoring gut microbiome equilibrium to achieve pathogen colonization resistance. This review summarizes the existing data regarding microbiome-based approaches to gastrointestinal pathogen colonization in ICU patients with a focus on prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel E. Freedberg
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Hromádková J, Suzuki Y, Pletts S, Pyo J, Ma T, Chen Y, Steele MA, Guan LL. Effect of colostrum feeding strategies on the expression of neuroendocrine genes and active gut mucosa-attached bacterial populations in neonatal calves. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:8629-8642. [PMID: 32622610 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Colostrum feeding is vital for the development of the immune system and gastrointestinal tract in neonatal calves; however, it is currently unknown whether different colostrum feeding strategies affect their neuroendocrine system and potentially the gut-brain axis. The present study investigated the effect of 3 different colostrum feeding regimens on the expression of neuroendocrine genes in adrenal glands and gastrointestinal tissues and on the abundance of intestinal commensal bacteria. Holstein bull calves were fed colostrum immediately after birth and randomly assigned to 3 groups: whole milk (n = 8), mixture of 50% colostrum and 50% whole milk (n = 8), and colostrum (CF; n = 8) for 72 h with 12-h intervals. Adrenal glands, ileum, and colon tissues were collected at 75 h and were subjected to the expression of 11 targeted neuroendocrine genes and the abundance of tissue mucosa-associated bacteria measurement using quantitative real-time PCR and quantitative PCR, respectively. The expressions of all targeted genes were detected, and the expression of α-adrenergic receptor (ADRA1A) gene was affected by CF in adrenal glands and gut tissues. In addition, CF upregulated the expression of HTR4 (serotonin receptor) and SLC4A4 (serotonin transporter) genes in the ileum and increased the abundance of active Lactobacillus spp. and Escherichia coli (as detected at RNA level) associated with ileum and colon tissue. Furthermore, there were positive correlations between the abundance of active Lactobacillus spp. and E. coli with expression of HTR2B and HTR4 genes in the colon, suggesting that extended colostrum feeding strategies may affect the interaction between gut microbiota and host endocrine functions in neonatal calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Hromádková
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Laboratory of Animal Function and Nutrition, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan 060-8589
| | - Sarah Pletts
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - Jade Pyo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5; Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China 100081
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - Michael A Steele
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5; Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5.
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37
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Gu X, Song LJ, Li LX, Liu T, Zhang MM, Li Z, Wang P, Li M, Zuo XL. Fusobacterium nucleatum Causes Microbial Dysbiosis and Exacerbates Visceral Hypersensitivity in a Colonization-Independent Manner. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1281. [PMID: 32733392 PMCID: PMC7358639 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Microbial dysbiosis is closely associated with visceral hypersensitivity and is involved in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but the specific strains that play a key role have yet to be identified. Previous bioinformatic studies have demonstrated that Fusobacterium is a shared microbial feature between IBS patients and maternal separation (MS)-stressed rats. In this study, we assessed the potential role of Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) in the pathogenesis of IBS. Methods: Fecal samples of patients with diarrhea predominant-IBS (IBS-D) and healthy controls were obtained. An MS rat model was established to receive gavage of either F. nucleatum or normal saline. Visceral sensitivity was evaluated through colorectal distension test, and fecal microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. F. nucleatum-specific IgA levels in fecal supernatants were assessed by western blotting. The antigen reacted with the specific IgA of F. nucleatum was identified by mass spectrometry and the construction of a recombinant Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Results: IBS-D patients showed a lower Shannon index and a higher abundance of Fusobacterium. The F. nucleatum-gavage was shown to exacerbate visceral hypersensitivity in MS rats, with both the F. nucleatum-gavage and MS causing a decreased Shannon index and a clear segregation of fecal microbiota. In addition, specific IgA against F. nucleatum was detected in fecal supernatants of both the F. nucleatum-gavaged rats and the IBS-D patients. The FomA protein, which is a major outer membrane protein of F. nucleatum, was confirmed to react with the specific IgA of F. nucleatum in fecal supernatants. Conclusion:Fusobacterium increased significantly in IBS-D patients, and F. nucleatum was involved in the pathogenesis of IBS by causing microbial dysbiosis and exacerbating visceral hypersensitivity in a colonization-independent manner. Meanwhile, F. nucleatum was found to induce an increase in specific secretory IgA through FomA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Li-Jin Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Li-Xiang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ming-Ming Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiu-Li Zuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Hussan JR, Hunter PJ. Our natural "makeup" reveals more than it hides: Modeling the skin and its microbiome. WIREs Mech Dis 2020; 13:e1497. [PMID: 32539232 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Skin is our primary interface with the environment. A structurally and functionally complex organ that hosts a dynamic ecosystem of microbes, and synthesizes many compounds that affect our well-being and psychosocial interactions. It is a natural platform of signal exchange between internal organs, skin resident microbes, and the environment. These interactions have gained a great deal of attention due to the increased prevalence of atopic diseases, and the co-occurrence of multiple allergic diseases related to allergic sensitization in early life. Despite significant advances in experimentally characterizing the skin, its microbial ecology, and disease phenotypes, high-levels of variability in these characteristics even for the same clinical phenotype are observed. Addressing this variability and resolving the relevant biological processes requires a systems approach. This review presents some of our current understanding of the skin, skin-immune, skin-neuroendocrine, skin-microbiome interactions, and computer-based modeling approaches to simulate this ecosystem in the context of health and disease. The review highlights the need for a systems-based understanding of this sophisticated ecosystem. This article is categorized under: Infectious Diseases > Computational Models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagir R Hussan
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter J Hunter
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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39
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The role of host molecules in communication with the resident and pathogenic microbiota: A review. MEDICINE IN MICROECOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmic.2020.100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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40
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Sviridova AA, Kabaeva AR, Rogovskii VS, Kozhieva MK, Melnikov MV, Boyko AN. [Norepinephrine and intestinal microbiome in the early stages of demyelination: clinical-immunological parallels]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2020; 119:28-34. [PMID: 31934986 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20191191028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Biogenic amines are key mediators of neuroimmune interaction and may influence on multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis and MS course. At the same time, the role of biogenic amines in immunoregulation of early stages of demyelination, in particular clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) is still unclear. This literature review addresses a role of norepinephrine in the regulation of neuroimmune interactions in the early stages of the demyelination. Neuropsychological disorders, immunological characteristics, gut-brain axis as well as the role of norepinephrine in these interactions in patients with CIS, RIS and early MS are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Sviridova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Federal Center of Cerebrovascular Pathology and Stroke, Moscow, Russia
| | - A R Kabaeva
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - V S Rogovskii
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Kh Kozhieva
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - M V Melnikov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Federal Center of Cerebrovascular Pathology and Stroke, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Immunology, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - A N Boyko
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Federal Center of Cerebrovascular Pathology and Stroke, Moscow, Russia
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41
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Small talk: chemical conversations with bacteria. CHEMTEXTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40828-020-0102-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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42
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Donovan M, Lynch MDJ, Mackey CS, Platt GN, Washburn BK, Vera DL, Trickey DJ, Charles TC, Wang Z, Jones KM. Metagenome-Assembled Genome Sequences of Five Strains from the Microtus ochrogaster (Prairie Vole) Fecal Microbiome. Microbiol Resour Announc 2020; 9:e01310-19. [PMID: 31919172 PMCID: PMC6952658 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01310-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) is an important model for the study of social monogamy and dual parental care of offspring. Characterization of specific host species-microbe strain interactions is critical for understanding the effects of the microbiota on mood and behavior. The five metagenome-assembled genome sequences reported here represent an important step in defining the prairie vole microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Donovan
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Michael D J Lynch
- Metagenom Bio, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Calvin S Mackey
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Grayson N Platt
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Brian K Washburn
- Department of Biological Science Core Facilities, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Daniel L Vera
- Department of Biological Science, Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Darryl J Trickey
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Trevor C Charles
- Metagenom Bio, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zuoxin Wang
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Kathryn M Jones
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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Ault TB, Clemmons BA, Reese ST, Dantas FG, Franco GA, Smith TPL, Edwards JL, Myer PR, Pohler KG. Bacterial taxonomic composition of the postpartum cow uterus and vagina prior to artificial insemination1. J Anim Sci 2020; 97:4305-4313. [PMID: 31251804 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study characterized the taxonomic composition of the uterine and vaginal bacterial communities during estrous synchronization up to timed artificial insemination (TAI). Postpartum beef cows (n = 68) were subjected to pre-synchronization step 21 d prior to TAI (day -21), followed by an industry standard 7 Day Co-Synch on day -9 and TAI on day 0. Uterine and vaginal flushes were collected on days -21, -9, and -2 of the protocol and pH was immediately recorded. Pregnancy was determined by transrectal ultrasound on day 30. Bacterial DNA was extracted and sequenced targeting the V1 to V3 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA bacterial gene. Results indicated 34 different phyla including 792 different genera present between the uterus and vagina. Many differences in the relative abundance of bacterial phyla and genera occurred between resulting pregnancy statuses and among protocol days (P < 0.05). At day -2, multiple genera were present in >1% abundance of nonpregnant cows but <1% abundance in pregnant cows (P < 0.05). Uterine pH increased in nonpregnant cows but decreased in pregnant cows (P > 0.05). Overall, our study indicates bacterial phyla and genera abundances shift over time and may potentially affect fertility by altering the reproductive tract environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor B Ault
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
| | - Brooke A Clemmons
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
| | - Sydney T Reese
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN.,Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Felipe G Dantas
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
| | - Gessica A Franco
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN.,Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Tim P L Smith
- U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Clay Center, NE
| | - J Lannett Edwards
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
| | - Phillip R Myer
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
| | - Ky G Pohler
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN.,Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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Mulak A. An overview of the neuroendocrine system in Parkinson's disease: what is the impact on diagnosis and treatment? Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 20:127-135. [PMID: 31829756 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2020.1701437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: A growing body of evidence indicates that neuroendocrine interactions may occur at all levels of the brain-gut-microbiota axis, which is directly involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD).Areas covered: The review presents some current and emerging concepts regarding the organization and functioning of the neuroendocrine system as well as the role of neuroendocrine disturbances in the pathophysiology and symptomatology of PD. The concept of the brain-gut-microbiota triad interactions in the neuroendocrine system and PD is proposed. In PD, dysregulation of the main neuroendocrine axes coordinated by the hypothalamus is accompanied by disruptions at the peripheral level, which involve enteroendocrine cells producing numerous neuropeptides. Moreover, the important role of the gut microbiota as a main coordinator of immune and neuroendocrine interactions is discussed. The potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications in the context of the recent developments in the fields of neuroendocrinology and neurodegeneration are also presented.Expert opinion: Unraveling complex neuroendocrine interactions in the course of PD may provide crucial diagnostic implications and novel therapeutic approaches including the application of gut neuropeptides and gut microbiota modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Mulak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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45
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Leblhuber F, Steiner K, Schuetz B, Fuchs D, Gostner JM. Probiotic Supplementation in Patients with Alzheimer's Dementia - An Explorative Intervention Study. Curr Alzheimer Res 2019; 15:1106-1113. [PMID: 30101706 PMCID: PMC6340155 DOI: 10.2174/1389200219666180813144834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota in the elderly can cause a leaky gut, which may result in silent systemic inflammation and promote neuroinflammation - a relevant pathomechanism in the early course of Alzheimer’s disease. Objective: The rebalancing of the microbiome could benefically impact on gut inflammation and immune activation. Methods: In this study, routine laboratory tests in twenty outpatients (9 females, 11 males, aged 76.7 ± 9.6 years) with Alzheimer’s disease were investigated. The mean Mini Mental State Examination score was 18.5 ± 7.7. Biomarkers of immune activation – serum neopterin and tryptophan breakdown - as well as gut inflammation markers and microbiota composition in fecal specimens were analyzed in 18 patients be-fore and after probiotic supplementation for 4 weeks. Results: After treatment a decline of fecal zonulin concentrations and an increase in Faecalibacterium prausnitzii compared to baseline were observed. At the same time, serum kynurenine concentrations in-creased (p <0.05). Delta values (before - after) of neopterin and the kynurenine to tryptophan ratios (Kyn/Trp) correlated significantly (p <0.05). Conclusion: Results show that the supplementation of Alzheimer’s disease patients with a multispecies probiotic influences gut bacteria composition as well as tryptophan metabolism in serum. The correlation between Kyn/Trp and neopterin concentrations points to the activation of macrophages and/or dendritic cells. Further studies are warranted to dissect the potential consequences of Probiotic supplementation in the course of Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Leblhuber
- Department of Gerontology, Neuromed Campus, Kepler University Clinic, Linz, Austria
| | - Kostja Steiner
- Department of Gerontology, Neuromed Campus, Kepler University Clinic, Linz, Austria
| | | | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johanna M Gostner
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Tessaro LWE, Dotta BT, Persinger MA. Bacterial biophotons as non-local information carriers: Species-specific spectral characteristics of a stress response. Microbiologyopen 2019; 8:e00761. [PMID: 30381897 PMCID: PMC6562132 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies by Alexander Gurwitsch in the 1920' s with onion root cells revealed the phenomenon of mitogenetic radiation. Subsequent works by Popp, Van Wijk, Quickenden, Tillbury, and Trushin have demonstrated a link between Gurwitsch's mitogenetic radiation and the biophoton, emissions of light correlated with biological processes. The present study seeks to expand upon these and other works to explore whether biophoton emissions of bacterial cultures is used as an information carrier of environmental stress. Bacterial cultures (Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens) were incubated for 24 hr in 5 ml of nutrient broth to stationary phase and cell densities of ~107 cells/mL. Cultures of E. coli were placed upon a photomultiplier tube housed within a dark box. A second bacterial culture, either E. coli or S. marcescens, was placed in an identical dark box at a distance of 5 m and received injections of hydrogen peroxide. Spectral analyses revealed significant differences in peak frequencies of 7.2, 10.1, and 24.9 Hz in the amplitude modulation of the emitted biophoton signal with respect to whether a peroxide injection occurred or not, and whether the species receiving the injection was E. coli or S. marcescens. These and the subsequent results of discriminant functions suggest that bacteria may release biophotons as a non-local communication system in response to stress, and that these biophotons are species specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas W. E. Tessaro
- Behavioural Neuroscience ProgramLaurentian UniversitySudburyOntarioCanada
- Department of PsychologyLaurentian UniversitySudburyOntarioCanada
- Interdisciplinary Human StudiesLaurentian UniversitySudburyOntarioCanada
| | - Blake T. Dotta
- Behavioural Neuroscience ProgramLaurentian UniversitySudburyOntarioCanada
- Department of PsychologyLaurentian UniversitySudburyOntarioCanada
| | - Michael A. Persinger
- Behavioural Neuroscience ProgramLaurentian UniversitySudburyOntarioCanada
- Department of PsychologyLaurentian UniversitySudburyOntarioCanada
- Interdisciplinary Human StudiesLaurentian UniversitySudburyOntarioCanada
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Sovijit WN, Sovijit WE, Pu S, Usuda K, Inoue R, Watanabe G, Yamaguchi H, Nagaoka K. Ovarian progesterone suppresses depression and anxiety-like behaviors by increasing the Lactobacillus population of gut microbiota in ovariectomized mice. Neurosci Res 2019; 168:76-82. [PMID: 31022413 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Depression and anxiety, which are severe symptoms during menopause, are caused by ceased ovarian activity and declined serum progesterone levels. Studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota can regulate brain function and change the microbiota composition during the perimenopause period. This study investigated whether progesterone affects depressant and anxious behaviors via gut microbiota. In ovariectomized (OVX) mice, treatment with progesterone improved depressive and anxious behaviors, and gut microbiota composition was significantly changed. In particular, increased Lactobacillus spp. were observed in these mice. Reduction of microbiota by antibiotic treatment abolished the effect of progesterone on depression and anxiety. In addition, administration of Lactobacillus (L.) reuteri that was increased by progesterone also reduced the depressant behavior in OVX mice, and BDNF gene expression was elevated by progesterone treatment and L. reuteri administration in the hippocampus. Moreover, we found that progesterone stimulated the growth of L. reuteri in vitro. In summary, our findings indicate that progesterone reduces depression and anxiety through changes in gut microbiota composition, particularly by increasing the Lactobacillus spp. population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watcharin N Sovijit
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan
| | - Watcharee E Sovijit
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan
| | - Shaoxia Pu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan
| | - Kento Usuda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Japan
| | - Gen Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan
| | - Hirohito Yamaguchi
- Cancer research center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar
| | - Kentaro Nagaoka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan.
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Toulouse C, Schmucker S, Metesch K, Pfannstiel J, Michel B, Starke I, Möller HM, Stefanski V, Steuber J. Mechanism and impact of catecholamine conversion by Vibrio cholerae. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1860:478-487. [PMID: 30986392 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens are influenced by signaling molecules including the catecholamines adrenaline and noradrenaline which are host-derived hormones and neurotransmitters. Adrenaline and noradrenaline modulate growth, motility and virulence of bacteria. We show that adrenaline is converted by the pathogen Vibrio cholerae to adrenochrome in the course of respiration, and demonstrate that superoxide produced by the respiratory, Na+ - translocating NADH:quinone oxidoreductase (NQR) acts as electron acceptor in the oxidative conversion of adrenaline to adrenochrome. Adrenochrome stimulates growth of V. cholerae, and triggers specific responses in V. cholerae and in immune cells. We performed a quantitative proteome analysis of V. cholerae grown in minimal medium with glucose as carbon source without catecholamines, or with adrenaline, noradrenaline or adrenochrome. Significant regulation of proteins participating in iron transport and iron homeostasis, in energy metabolism, and in signaling was observed upon exposure to adrenaline, noradrenaline or adrenochrome. On the host side, adrenochrome inhibited lipopolysaccharide-triggered formation of TNF-α by THP-1 monocytes, though to a lesser extent than adrenaline. It is proposed that adrenochrome produced from adrenaline by respiring V. cholerae functions as effector molecule in pathogen-host interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonja Schmucker
- Behavioral Physiology of Livestock, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kristina Metesch
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jens Pfannstiel
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bernd Michel
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ines Starke
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Heiko M Möller
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Volker Stefanski
- Behavioral Physiology of Livestock, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Julia Steuber
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
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50
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Antwis RE, Edwards KL, Unwin B, Walker SL, Shultz S. Rare gut microbiota associated with breeding success, hormone metabolites and ovarian cycle phase in the critically endangered eastern black rhino. MICROBIOME 2019; 7:27. [PMID: 30770764 PMCID: PMC6377766 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-019-0639-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Host microbiomes play a role in hormone production and subsequent fertility in humans, but this is less well understood in non-model organisms. This is of particular relevance to species in zoo-based conservation breeding programmes, as relationships between host microbiome composition and reproductive output may allow for the development of microbial augmentation strategies to improve success. Here, we characterise faecal bacterial communities of breeding and non-breeding eastern black rhino (Diceros bicornis michaeli) using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and quantify progestagen and glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations through enzyme immunoassays to identify such relationships. RESULTS We identified significant differences in black rhino gut microbiome composition according to ID, institution, breeding success and ovarian cycle phase. In particular, the gut microbiome during pregnancy and post-parturition was significantly altered. Around a third of bacterial genera showed more than ± 10% correlation with either progestagen and/or glucocorticoid concentration, and in general, microbial genera correlated with both hormones in the same direction. Through a combination of analyses, we identified four genera (Aerococcaceae, Atopostipes, Carnobacteriaceae and Solobacterium) that were significantly associated with breeding success, pregnancy and/or post-parturition, and higher faecal progestagen metabolite concentrations. These genera had a lower-than-average relative abundance in the gut microbiome. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that many members of the gut microbiome of black rhino are associated with hormone production and breeding success, and some members of the rare microbiota appear to be particularly important. Although the directionality of the relationship is unclear, the variation in gut microbiome communities represents a potential biomarker of reproductive health. We identified four genera that were associated with multiple indicators of reproductive output; these could be candidate probiotics to improve the breeding success of black rhino in zoo-based conservation breeding programmes. Further work is required to understand the efficacy and feasibility of this, either directly through microbial augmentation (e.g. probiotics) or indirectly via dietary manipulation or prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael E Antwis
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, UK.
| | - Katie L Edwards
- Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA
| | - Bryony Unwin
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Susan L Walker
- North of England Zoological Society, Chester Zoo, Upton-by-Chester, UK
| | - Susanne Shultz
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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