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Park MH, An B. Comparison of the Predictors of Smoking Cessation Plans between Adolescent Conventional Cigarette Smokers and E-Cigarette Smokers Using the Transtheoretical Model. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:598. [PMID: 38790593 PMCID: PMC11119963 DOI: 10.3390/children11050598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Recently, there has been a shift in smoking patterns among adolescents, with a decrease in the prevalence of conventional cigarette smoking and an increase in the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). The harmful effects of e-cigarettes are remarkable, highlighting the need for proactive interventions for adolescent users and smoking cessation that consider the characteristics of both conventional cigarette smokers and e-cigarette users. This study aims to investigate the smoking status of adolescent conventional cigarette and e-cigarette smokers and to analyze the predictors of their smoking cessation plans (SCPs) based on the transtheoretical model. Self-rated health, prior smoking cessation education, consciousness-raising, and dramatic relief as types of experiential processes of change, and formation of helping relationships as a type of behavioral process of change significantly differed according to the type of cigarette behavior among adolescents. The predictors of SCP among adolescents were perceived pros of smoking and academic performance among conventional cigarette smokers and behavioral process of change, perceived pros of smoking, and economic status among e-cigarette users. This study identified differences in the characteristics and predictors of SCP. Strategies tailored to each specific adolescent smoking population are further required to promote smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hee Park
- Department of Nursing, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea;
| | - Bomi An
- Department of Nursing, Hannam University, Daejeon 34430, Republic of Korea
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2
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Park SK, Oh CM, Kim E, Ryoo JH, Jung JY. The longitudinal analysis for the association between smoking and the risk of depressive symptoms. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:364. [PMID: 38750466 PMCID: PMC11094926 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05828-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite high smoking rate in people with depressive symptoms, there is ongoing debate about relationship between smoking and depressive symptoms. METHODS Study participants were 57,441 Korean men. We collected their baseline data between 2011 and 2012, and conducted follow-up from 2013 to 2019. They were categorized by smoking status (never: < 100 cigarettes smoking in life time, former: currently quitting smoking, and current smoker: currently smoking), smoking amount (pack/day and pack-year) and urine cotinine excretion. The development of depressive symptoms was determined in CES-D score ≥ 16. Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for depressive symptoms in relation to smoking status, smoking amount, and urine cotinine excretion. RESULTS During 6.7 years of median follow-up, the risk of depressive symptoms increased in order of never (reference), former (HR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01-1.15) and current smoker (HR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.16-1.32). Among current smoker, the risk of depressive symptoms increased proportionally to daily smoking amount (< 1 pack; HR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.13-1.29, and ≥ 1 pack; HR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.23 - 1.45). This pattern of relationship was consistently observed for pack-year in former smoker and current smoker. Additionally, urine cotinine excretion was proportionally associated with the risk of depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Exposure to smoking was associated with the increased risk of depressive symptoms. Dose dependent relationship was observed between smoking amount and the risk of depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Keun Park
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Mo Oh
- Departments of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eugene Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Ryoo
- Departments of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Young Jung
- Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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3
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Wells MB. Tobacco Use in Adolescents With Disabilities: A Literature Review. Subst Abuse 2023; 17:11782218231179599. [PMID: 37426876 PMCID: PMC10326458 DOI: 10.1177/11782218231179599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of tobacco products by adolescents has greatly increased in recent years. Adolescents with disabilities have demonstrated higher instances of e-cigarette and tobacco use in relation to their peers without disabilities. Repercussions for e-cigarette and tobacco use increase negative physical and health implications and financial which ultimately will further the gap for individuals with disabilities over time. It is argued that adolescents with disabilities are more susceptible to begin using tobacco and remain using tobacco which can lead to further use of addictive substances. In this paper, the researcher explained the use of tobacco within the adolescent population, specifically for individuals with disabilities, the impact of tobacco use for individuals with disabilities, reviewed previous studies on tobacco use for adolescents with disabilities, points to the need for educational policy reform, and stated certain recommendations for mitigating tobacco use in adolescents with disabilities, which may result in positive future outcomes. The literature review indicated that the targeted interventions in schools or peer groups reduces tobacco use in adolescents with disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Beck Wells
- Melissa Beck Wells, Department of Educational
Studies, Empire State University, 1200 South Avenue, Staten Island, NY 10308, USA.
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4
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Chaplin AB, Daniels NF, Ples D, Anderson RZ, Gregory-Jones A, Jones PB, Khandaker GM. Longitudinal association between cardiovascular risk factors and depression in young people: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1049-1059. [PMID: 34167604 PMCID: PMC9975997 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721002488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a common and serious mental illness that begins early in life. An association between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and subsequent depression is clear in adults. We examined associations between individual CVD risk factors and depression in young people. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases from inception to 1 January 2020. We extracted data from cohort studies assessing the longitudinal association between CVD risk factors [body mass index (BMI), smoking, systolic blood pressure (SBP), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein] and depression, measured using a validated tool in individuals with mean age of 24 years or younger. Random effect meta-analysis was used to combine effect estimates from individual studies, including odds ratio (OR) for depression and standardised mean difference for depressive symptoms. RESULTS Based on meta-analysis of seven studies, comprising 15 753 participants, high BMI was associated with subsequent depression [pooled OR 1.61; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21-2.14; I2 = 31%]. Based on meta-analysis of eight studies, comprising 30 539 participants, smoking was associated with subsequent depression (pooled OR 1.73; 95% CI 1.36-2.20; I2 = 74%). Low, but not high, SBP was associated with an increased risk of depression (pooled OR 3.32; 95% CI 1.68-6.55; I2 = 0%), although this was based on a small pooled high-risk sample of 893 participants. Generalisability may be limited as most studies were based in North America or Europe. CONCLUSIONS Targeting childhood/adolescent smoking and obesity may be important for the prevention of both CVD and depression across the lifespan. Further research on other CVD risk factors including blood pressure and cholesterol in young people is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B. Chaplin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Diana Ples
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rebecca Z. Anderson
- Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Liverpool NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Peter B. Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Golam M. Khandaker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Avon and Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
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5
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Baldassarri SR, Asch RH, Hillmer AT, Pietrzak RH, DellaGioia N, Esterlis I, Davis MT. Nicotine Use and Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 in Individuals With Major Depressive and Posttraumatic Stress Disorders. CHRONIC STRESS (THOUSAND OAKS, CALIF.) 2023; 7:24705470231154842. [PMID: 36843572 PMCID: PMC9943964 DOI: 10.1177/24705470231154842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) dysregulation has been implicated in the pathophysiology of many psychiatric disorders, as well as nicotine use and dependence. We used positron emission tomography with [18F]FPEB to measure mGluR5 availability in vivo in 6 groups: (1) nicotine users (NUs) without other psychiatric comorbidities (n = 23); (2) comparison controls (CCs) without nicotine use or psychiatric comorbidities (n = 38); (3) major depressive disorder subjects with concurrent nicotine use (MDD-NU; n = 19); (4) MDD subjects without concurrent nicotine use (MDD-CC; n = 20); (5) posttraumatic stress disorder subjects with concurrent nicotine use (PTSD-NU; n = 17); and (6) PTSD subjects without concurrent nicotine use (PTSD-CC; n = 16). The goal of the study was to test the hypothesis that mGluR5 availability in key corticolimbic regions of interest (ROIs) is different in NU with versus without comorbid psychiatric disorders (ROI: dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [dlPFC], orbitofrontal cortex [OFC], ventromedial prefrontal cortex [vmPFC], anterior cingulate cortex [ACC], amygdala, hippocampus). We found that NU had 11%-13% lower mGluR5 availability in OFC, vmPFC, dlPFC, and ACC as compared with CC, while PTSD-NU had 9%-11% higher mGluR5 availability in OFC, dlPFC, and ACC compared with PTSD. Furthermore, relationships between mGluR5 availability and psychiatric symptoms varied as a function of psychiatric diagnosis among NUs. NU showed a negative correlation between mGluR5 and smoking cravings and urges (r's = -0.58 to -0.70, p's = 0.011 - 0.047), while PTSD-NU had the reverse relationship (r's = 0.60-0.71, p's = 0.013-0.035 in ACC, vmPFC, and dlPFC). These findings have substantial implications for our understanding of glutamate homeostasis in psychiatric subgroups and for identifying key neural phenotypes among NU. mGluR5 is a potential treatment target for precision medicine in individuals with nicotine use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R. Baldassarri
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, & Sleep Medicine,
Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Program in Addiction Medicine, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ruth H. Asch
- Departments of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ansel T. Hillmer
- Departments of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Radiology, and
Biomedical Imaging, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Robert H. Pietrzak
- Departments of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- VA National Center for PTSD Clinical Neurosciences Division, New
Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nicole DellaGioia
- Departments of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Irina Esterlis
- Departments of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- VA National Center for PTSD Clinical Neurosciences Division, New
Haven, CT, USA
| | - Margaret T. Davis
- Departments of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Kanniah G, Kumar R. A selective literature review exploring the role of the nicotinic system in schizophrenia. Gen Psychiatr 2023; 36:e100756. [PMID: 36937093 PMCID: PMC10016241 DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2022-100756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotine use is more prevalent in patients with psychiatric disorders, especially those diagnosed with psychotic illnesses. Previously, this higher prevalence has been partially attributed to the potential ameliorative effects of nicotine on symptom severity and cognitive impairment. Some healthcare professionals and patients perceive there is a beneficial effect of nicotine on mental health. Emerging data show that the harm associated with nicotine in the population of patients with mental health conditions outweighs any potential benefit. This paper will review the evidence surrounding the nicotinic system and schizophrenia, with a focus on any causality between nicotine and psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guna Kanniah
- Mental Health and Addictions Services, Waikato DHB, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Rishi Kumar
- Department of General Medicine, Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
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7
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Lawrence TI, Merrin GJ, Mcfield AA. Family Violence and Adolescent Aggressive Behavior: The Direct and Indirect Effects of Depression and Substance Use. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00971-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Farrell KR, Weitzman M, Karey E, Lai TKY, Gordon T, Xu S. Passive exposure to e-cigarette emissions is associated with worsened mental health. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1138. [PMID: 35672813 PMCID: PMC9172130 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13470-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking, secondhand cigarette smoke (SHS) exposure, and e-cigarette use ("vaping") are each associated with increased rates of depressive symptoms and other internalizing mental health disorders. The prevalence of vaping has increased greatly, yet the mental health correlates of secondhand exposure to e-cigarette emissions are as yet to be investigated. This study examined the potential adverse mental health outcomes associated with different tobacco exposures (direct and passive), with a particular focus on the mental health correlates of secondhand exposure to e-cigarette emissions. METHODS The Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study data collected from a sample of 16,173 Wave 4 adults were used to test the hypothesis that secondhand e-cigarette emissions exposure is associated with increased odds of internalizing mental health disorders. Individuals were categorized as exclusive cigarette smokers, exclusive e-cigarette users, cigarette and e-cigarette dual users, exclusive noncombustible tobacco users, secondhand smoke exposed non-users, secondhand e-cigarette emissions exposed non-users, and non-users with no current SHS/secondhand e-cigarette aerosol exposure. Adjusted weighted logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between exposure type and internalizing problems as assessed by scores on the Global Appraisal of Individual Needs-Short Screener (GAIN-SS), a widely used instrument for assessing mental health problems. RESULTS Cigarette smokers (AOR = 2.53, 95% CI: 2.19-2.92), e-cigarette users (AOR = 3.14, 2.41-4.09), dual users (AOR = 3.37, 2.85-4.00), noncombustible tobacco users (AOR = 1.48, 1.01-2.17), SHS exposed non-users (AOR = 1.63, 1.37-1.94), and secondhand e-cigarette emissions exposed non-users (AOR = 1.43, 1.03-1.99) were each associated with increased odds of moderate to severe internalizing mental health problems as compared to unexposed non-users. Odds of internalizing problems among SHS and secondhand e-cigarette emissions exposed non-users did not differ (p = 0.46). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study, to our knowledge, to identify an association between recent secondhand exposure to e-cigarette emissions and mental health problems, and the risk is comparable to that of SHS. Corroboration of this relationship needs further research to explicate directionality and mechanisms underlying this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Rae Farrell
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010 USA
| | - Michael Weitzman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010 USA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, New York University School of Global Public Health, New York, NY 10003 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Emma Karey
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010 USA
| | - Teresa K. Y. Lai
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, New York University School of Global Public Health, New York, NY 10003 USA
| | - Terry Gordon
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010 USA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, New York University School of Global Public Health, New York, NY 10003 USA
| | - Shu Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, New York University School of Global Public Health, 708 Broadway, 7th floor - Rm 761, New York, NY 10003 USA
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9
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Kandouci C, Meçabih F, Meçabih I, Kadari C, Megherbi N, Achouri MY, Kandouci A, Ben Abdelaziz A. Psychosocial impact of COVID-19 among health workers in Algeria. LA TUNISIE MEDICALE 2021; 99:1015-1029. [PMID: 35288905 PMCID: PMC9390127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current COVID-19 pandemic has put health care professionals in the face of increasing psychological distress, with a high risk of infection. PURPOSE To estimate the prevalence of anxiety-depressive disorders among health professionals in Algeria and determine their associated risk factors. METHOD A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from January 11 to March 09, 2021 and concerned healthcare professionals in Algeria, through an online self-assessment. The mental health rating scales used were GAD-7 (7 items) for Anxiety, and CES-D (20 items) for Depression. Resilience was estimated by the RISC-CD (10 items). An original questionnaire was used to assess three factors: fear of infection and death, isolation and stigmatization, as well as motivation and escape behaviour at work. RESULTS A total of 1005 health professionals were included in the study, of which 51.5% were doctors, 75.6% were women and 41.1% were at the first front of the fight against COVID-19. The prevalence of Anxiety and Depression was 23.8% and 44.6% respectively. Health professionals with a high resilience score were those who were in direct contact with COVID-19 3.75 [1.11-12.7] and those who feared contracting the disease 1.22 [1.14-1.31]. Among the study population, 508 employees (50.5%) were free from anxiety-depressive disorder: Good mental health of health personnel, has been determined by the male sex 1,55 [1,07, 2,24], without co-morbidity 0,57 [0,39, 0,83], without direct intervention in the fight against COVID-19 0.63 [0.45, 0.89], having a low score of Depression and Anxiety with respectively 0.43 [0.36- 0.50], 0.50 [0.41- 0.58] while denouncing a high Resilience score 1.03 [1.01- 1.05]. CONCLUSION In Algeria, the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on the mental health of health professionals, hence the urgent need for intervention programs, for strengthening their mental health in a more sustainable and effective struggle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chahrazed Kandouci
- 1: Faculté de médecine. Laboratoire de recherche en environnement et santé.Université DjillaliLiabes. Sidi Bel Abbès Algérie
| | - Fethi Meçabih
- 2: Département de pharmacie, faculté de médecine d’Alger Algérie
| | - Imene Meçabih
- 3: Département de pharmacie, faculté de médecine, université DjillaliLiabes. Sidi Bel Abbès Algérie
| | - Chifaa Kadari
- 3: Département de pharmacie, faculté de médecine, université DjillaliLiabes. Sidi Bel Abbès Algérie
| | - Nihed Megherbi
- 3: Département de pharmacie, faculté de médecine, université DjillaliLiabes. Sidi Bel Abbès Algérie
| | - Mohamed Yacine Achouri
- 3: Département de pharmacie, faculté de médecine, université DjillaliLiabes. Sidi Bel Abbès Algérie
| | - Abdelkarimn Kandouci
- 1: Faculté de médecine. Laboratoire de recherche en environnement et santé.Université DjillaliLiabes. Sidi Bel Abbès Algérie
| | - Ahmed Ben Abdelaziz
- 4: Faculté de médecine de Sousse.Université de Sousse. Laboratoire de Recherche LR19SP01 (Tunisie)
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10
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Sha P, Dong X. Research on Adolescents Regarding the Indirect Effect of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress between TikTok Use Disorder and Memory Loss. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168820. [PMID: 34444569 PMCID: PMC8393543 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This research involved the participation of 3036 Chinese students in the first and second years of senior high school. The adolescents were active users of TikTok. The mediating effect of depression, anxiety, and stress between TikTok use disorder and memory loss was investigated. A forward and backward digit span test was applied to measure memory loss. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was established, and SPSS Amos was used for analysis. The results show a partial mediation effect of depression and anxiety between TikTok use disorder and forward digit span. A partial mediation effect of depression, anxiety, and stress between TikTok use disorder and backward digit span is also shown. These results also show gender differences. Attention should be given to male students, who have more depression, anxiety, and stress than female students; they also have more memory loss.
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11
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Yao Y, Xu Y, Cai Z, Liu Q, Ma Y, Li AN, Payne TJ, Li MD. Determination of shared genetic etiology and possible causal relations between tobacco smoking and depression. Psychol Med 2021; 51:1870-1879. [PMID: 32249730 DOI: 10.1017/s003329172000063x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Cigarette smoking is strongly associated with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, any genetic etiology of such comorbidity and causal relations is poorly understood, especially at the genome-wide level. METHODS In the present in silico research, we analyzed summary data from the genome-wide association study of the Psychiatric Genetic Consortium for MDD (n = 191 005) and UK Biobank for smoking (n = 337 030) by using various biostatistical methods including Bayesian colocalization analysis, LD score regression, variant effect size correlation analysis, and Mendelian randomization (MR). RESULTS By adopting a gene prioritization approach, we identified 43 genes shared by MDD and smoking, which were significantly enriched in membrane potential, gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor activity, and retrograde endocannabinoid signaling pathways, indicating that the comorbid mechanisms are involved in the neurotransmitter system. According to linkage disequilibrium score regression, we found a strong positive correlation between MDD and current smoking (rg = 0.365; p = 7.23 × 10-25) and a negative correlation between MDD and former smoking (rg = -0.298; p = 1.59 × 10-24). MR analysis suggested that genetic liability for depression increased smoking. CONCLUSIONS These findings inform the concomitant conditions of MDD and smoking and support the use of self-medication with smoking to counteract depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghao Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunlong Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Andria N Li
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Virginia, VA, USA
| | - Thomas J Payne
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Ming D Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Smoking and Neuropsychiatric Disease-Associations and Underlying Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147272. [PMID: 34298890 PMCID: PMC8304236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive efforts to combat cigarette smoking/tobacco use, it still remains a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, killing more than eight million people each year. While tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases related to the four main groups—cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic lung disease, and diabetes—its impact on neuropsychiatric risk is rather elusive. The aim of this review article is to emphasize the importance of smoking as a potential risk factor for neuropsychiatric disease and to identify central pathophysiological mechanisms that may contribute to this relationship. There is strong evidence from epidemiological and experimental studies indicating that smoking may increase the risk of various neuropsychiatric diseases, such as dementia/cognitive decline, schizophrenia/psychosis, depression, anxiety disorder, and suicidal behavior induced by structural and functional alterations of the central nervous system, mainly centered on inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways. From a public health perspective, preventive measures and policies designed to counteract the global epidemic of smoking should necessarily include warnings and actions that address the risk of neuropsychiatric disease.
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13
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Donato F, Triassi M, Loperto I, Maccaro A, Mentasti S, Crivillaro F, Elvetico A, Croce E, Raffetti E. Symptoms of mental health problems among Italian adolescents in 2017-2018 school year: a multicenter cross-sectional study. Environ Health Prev Med 2021; 26:67. [PMID: 34154531 PMCID: PMC8216089 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-021-00988-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying individual and contextual factors that influence adolescent well-being is a research priority. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of symptoms of mental health problems and some related factors in Italian adolescents in 2017-2018. METHODS The present study was a cross-sectional survey among 3002 students aged 15-16 years who resided in two Italian provinces, in North and South Italy. Symptoms of mental health problems were assessed using the SDQ and CES-DC, and students' risk-taking behaviors and school climate perception were assessed. All information was collected anonymously. Logistic regression models were used to assess the associations of tobacco and alcohol use, screen time, bullying, and school climate with symptoms of mental health problems. RESULTS One student out of five reported symptoms of mental health problems, with a more than double proportion among girls than boys (28.7% vs 10.4% with depressive symptoms, respectively). Thirty percent and 40% of students smoked tobacco or drank alcoholic beverages at least once in the past month, and more than 40% reported being victims or authors of bullying in the past 6 months. Smoking behavior, alcohol consumption, screen time, bullying, and negative school climate had 1.2- to 3.3-fold increased odds of symptoms of mental health problems without substantial differences between sexes and geographical areas. CONCLUSIONS Tobacco and alcohol use, screen time, bullying, and school climate were independently associated with symptoms of mental health problems in a large sample of 15-16-year-old Italian adolescents without substantial gender and geographical differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Donato
- Unit of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Brescia, v.le Europa, 11, 25121, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Triassi
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Loperto
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Maccaro
- Institute of Advanced Study, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Sara Mentasti
- Unit of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Brescia, v.le Europa, 11, 25121, Brescia, Italy
| | - Federica Crivillaro
- Unit of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Brescia, v.le Europa, 11, 25121, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonella Elvetico
- Unit of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Brescia, v.le Europa, 11, 25121, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elia Croce
- Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero Multispecialistico, via Bissolati, 57, 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elena Raffetti
- Epidemiology and Public Health Intervention Research Group (EPHIR), Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 1 E, 11365, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Tindimwebwa LK, Ajayi AI, Adeniyi OV. Prevalence and determinants of tobacco use amongst South African adults with mental illness in the Eastern Cape. S Afr J Psychiatr 2021; 27:1637. [PMID: 34230866 PMCID: PMC8252167 DOI: 10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v27i0.1637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Given the physical and mental health consequences of tobacco use amongst individuals with mental illness, it was imperative to assess the burden of tobacco use in this population. Aim This study examined the patterns and factors associated with tobacco use in individuals attending the outpatient unit. Setting Cecilia Makiwane Hospital Mental Health Department in Eastern Cape province, South Africa. Methods Lifetime (ever use) use and current use of any tobacco products were examined in a cross-sectional study of 390 individuals between March and June 2020. A logistic regression was fitted to determine the correlates of lifetime and current use of any tobacco products. Results The rates of ever use and current use of tobacco products were 59.4% and 44.6%, respectively. Of the participants interviewed, lifetime tobacco use was more prevalent amongst individuals with schizophrenia (67.9%) and cannabis-induced disorders (97.3%) and lower in those with major depressive disorders (36.1%) and bipolar and related disorders (43.5%). Men were six times more likely to have ever used or currently use tobacco products in comparison to women. Also, those who had a salaried job or owned a business were over three times more likely to have ever used or currently use tobacco products compared with those receiving government social grants. Conclusions The prevalence of tobacco use in this study was significantly higher than the general population in the Eastern Cape. Therefore, smoking prevention and cessation interventions targeted at the general population should target this often neglected sub-population in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda K Tindimwebwa
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, East London, South Africa.,Cecilia Makiwane Hospital, East London, South Africa
| | - Anthony I Ajayi
- Population Dynamics and Sexual and Reproductive Health Research, African Population and Health Research Centre, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Oladele V Adeniyi
- Cecilia Makiwane Hospital, East London, South Africa.,Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, East London, South Africa
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Kleppang AL, Haugland SH, Bakken A, Stea TH. Lifestyle habits and depressive symptoms in Norwegian adolescents: a national cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:816. [PMID: 33910539 PMCID: PMC8082771 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10846-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study’s purpose was to examine the association between a broad range of lifestyle habits and depressive symptoms in Norwegian adolescents. Methods This study was based on national, self-reported, cross-sectional data from the Ungdata Surveys, conducted in 2017–2019. The target group comprised 244,250 adolescents (ages 13–19). Binominal logistic regression was used to analyse the association between lifestyle habits (physical activity, social media use, gaming, dietary habits, smoking, smokeless tobacco, alcohol intoxication) and depressive symptoms. The outcome measure was defined as a high level of depressive symptoms (≥80th percentile). Separate analyses were performed for boys and girls, and all models were adjusted for perceived family economy, parental higher education and age. Results The odds of having depressive symptoms were significantly lower among those who reported being physically active at least 3 times per week (OR; boys: 0.81, girls: 0.83), used social media ≤3 h per day (OR; boys: 0.65, girls: 0.70), engaged in gaming ≤3 h per day (OR; boys: 0.72, girls: 0.77), were non-smokers (OR; boys: 0.74, girls: 0.72) and had not experienced alcohol intoxication during the previous 12 months (OR; boys: 0.66, girls: 0.67). Furthermore, the results indicated a significant inverse association between depressive symptoms and high consumption of a range of healthy food items and low consumption of unhealthy food and beverages among girls. Similar tendencies were found among boys (OR; 0.77–0.91). Finally, higher adherence to healthy lifestyle habits was associated significantly with lower odds of having depressive symptoms among both genders (OR; boys: 0.40, girls: 0.52). Conclusions A healthier lifestyle was associated with lower odds of having depressive symptoms. Additional research is needed to confirm a possible causal relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Løvheim Kleppang
- Department of Health and Nursing Science, University of Agder, Postboks 422 4604, Kristiansand, Norway.
| | - Siri Håvås Haugland
- Department of Psychosocial Health, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Anders Bakken
- NOVA-Norwegian Social Research, OsloMet-Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tonje Holte Stea
- Department of Health and Nursing Science, University of Agder, Postboks 422 4604, Kristiansand, Norway.,Department of Child and Adolescence Mental Health, Sørlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway
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Association between Sexual Behavior and Depression in South Korean Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18084228. [PMID: 33923558 PMCID: PMC8073982 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent depression and suicide have become leading public health and socioeconomic problems. Determining the connection between adolescent behavior and depression can inform strategies to reduce the prevalence of depression and suicide. We investigated the association between sexual behavior and depression in South Korean adolescents. Data for this cross-sectional study were obtained from the 2017–2019 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey. Data of 178,664 subjects were analyzed using chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression. After adjusting for covariates, the prevalence of depression was found to be higher in subjects with experience of sexual intercourse (adjusted odds ratio = 1.71, 95% confidence interval = 1.59–1.83 in boys; adjusted odds ratio = 1.47, confidence interval = 1.33–1.61 in girls). On categorizing subjects into two groups based on suicidality, subjects with sexual intercourse experience had higher odds ratios for depression with suicidality (aOR:2.16 in boys, aOR:1.80in girls) than depression without suicidality (aOR:1.49 in boys, aOR:1.25 in girls). We identified the relationship between sexual behavior and the prevalence of depression; adolescents with experience of sexual intercourse were more likely to have depression with suicidality. Further research using prospective designs should serve as the basis for appropriate sex education policies to manage the relationship between sexual behavior and depression.
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Shanahan L, Hill SN, Bechtiger L, Steinhoff A, Godwin J, Gaydosh LM, Harris KM, Dodge KA, Copeland WE. Prevalence and Childhood Precursors of Opioid Use in the Early Decades of Life. JAMA Pediatr 2021; 175:276-285. [PMID: 33369615 PMCID: PMC7770613 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.5205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Opioid use disorder and opioid deaths have increased dramatically in young adults in the US, but the age-related course or precursors to opioid use among young people are not fully understood. OBJECTIVE To document age-related changes in opioid use and study the childhood antecedents of opioid use by age 30 years in 6 domains of childhood risk: sociodemographic characteristics; school or peer problems; parental mental illness, drug problems, or legal involvement; substance use; psychiatric illness; and physical health. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This community-representative prospective longitudinal cohort study assessed 1252 non-Hispanic White individuals and American Indian individuals in rural counties in the central Appalachia region of North Carolina from January 1993 to December 2015. Data were analyzed from January 2019 to January 2020. EXPOSURES Between ages 9 and 16 years, participants and their parents were interviewed up to 7 times using the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment and reported risk factors in 6 risk domains. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Participants were assessed again at ages 19, 21, 25, and 30 years for nonheroin opioid use (any and weekly) and heroin use using the structured Young Adult Psychiatric Assessment. RESULTS Of 1252 participants, 342 (27%) were American Indian. By age 30 years, 322 participants had used a nonheroin opioid (24.2%; 95% CI, 21.8-26.5), 155 had used a nonheroin opioid weekly (8.8%; 95% CI, 7.2-10.3), and 95 had used heroin (6.6%; 95% CI, 5.2-7.9). Childhood risk markers for later opioid use included male sex, tobacco use, depression, conduct disorder, cannabis use, having peers exhibiting social deviance, parents with legal involvement, and elevated systemic inflammation. In final models, childhood tobacco use, depression, and cannabis use were most robustly associated with opioid use in young adulthood (ages 19 to 30 years). Chronic depression and dysthymia were strongly associated with any nonheroin opioid use (OR. 5.43; 95% CI, 2.35-12.55 and OR, 7.13; 95% CI, 1.99-25.60, respectively) and with weekly nonheroin opioid use (OR, 8.89; 95% CI, 3.61-21.93 and OR, 11.51; 95% CI, 3.05-42.72, respectively). Among young adults with opioid use, those with heroin use had the highest rates of childhood psychiatric disorders and comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Childhood tobacco use and chronic depression may be associated with impaired reward system functioning, which may increase young adults' vulnerability to opioid-associated euphoria. Preventing and treating early substance use and childhood mental illness may help prevent later opioid use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilly Shanahan
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sherika N. Hill
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Laura Bechtiger
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annekatrin Steinhoff
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Godwin
- Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Lauren M. Gaydosh
- Center for Medicine, Health, and Society, Public Policy Studies, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kathleen Mullan Harris
- Carolina Population Center, Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Kenneth A. Dodge
- Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - William E. Copeland
- Vermont Center for Children, Youth, and Families, Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington
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Wang P, Wang J, Yan Y, Si Y, Zhan X, Tian Y. Relationship Between Loneliness and Depression Among Chinese Junior High School Students: The Serial Mediating Roles of Internet Gaming Disorder, Social Network Use, and Generalized Pathological Internet Use. Front Psychol 2021; 11:529665. [PMID: 33643105 PMCID: PMC7907431 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.529665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the mediating effects of internet gaming disorder, social network use, and generalized pathological internet use (GPIU) on the association between loneliness and depression. A total of 2211 junior high school students completed questionnaires regarding loneliness, internet gaming disorder, social network use, GPIU, and depression (aged 10-16 years). The results of a structural equation model revealed that (a) the path coefficient of loneliness to depression was significantly positive, (b) loneliness could not predict depression through GPIU directly, but (c) loneliness could predict depression through internet gaming disorder to GPIU, (d) loneliness could predict depression through social network use to GPIU, and (e) loneliness could not predict depression through internet gaming disorder to social network use to GPIU. These results provided significant implications for the prevention and reduction of depression in Chinese junior high school students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yingdong Si
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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Kittaneh AA, Sidhu NK, Tackett AP, Lechner WV. Effects of Negative Emotion on Abstinence Induced Change in Urge to Vape and Measures of Vaping Dependence. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 56:768-776. [PMID: 33706646 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1892143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Negative emotion and craving to smoke are established factors driving the maintenance of combustible cigarette use and dependence. The current study aimed to examine whether these findings extend to e-cigarette use. Toward that aim, change in vaping urge following abstinence was examined as a function of negative emotion. Additionally, a mediation model which previously demonstrated relationships between negative emotion, craving, and combustible cigarette dependence was tested in e-cigarette users. METHOD Daily e-cigarette users (N = 32, Mage = 21 years, SDage = 7 years; 78% white) completed a battery of psychological, behavioral, and smoking-related measures in a human laboratory setting. Using their personal devices, participants completed a 5-minute ad-libitum vaping session, a baseline measure of vaping urge, followed by a 2-hour observed abstinence period and a final assessment of vaping urge. RESULTS Multivariate regression and two mediation models were utilized to examine factors associated with vaping dependence. The results of these models indicated that negative affect predicted vaping urge following observed abstinence. The relationship between negative affect and measures of vaping dependence and habit, respectively, were significantly mediated by changes in urge during the abstinence period. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results indicate that psychological constructs underlying vaping dependence are similar to those previously found to be associated with combustible cigarette dependence. Further research examining whether these constructs, namely negative affect and change in urge following abstinence, will be important variables to target for vaping cessation treatments is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A Kittaneh
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Natasha K Sidhu
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Alayna P Tackett
- Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William V Lechner
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
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Predictive Association of Smoking with Depressive Symptoms: a Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Twins. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2020; 20:1021-1030. [PMID: 31069603 PMCID: PMC6718365 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-019-01020-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Longitudinal, genetically informative studies of the association between cigarette smoking and depressive symptoms among adolescents are limited. We examined the longitudinal association of cigarette smoking with subsequent depressive symptoms during adolescence in a Finnish twin cohort. We used prospective data from the population-based FinnTwin12 study (maximum N = 4152 individuals, 1910 twin pairs). Current smoking status and a number of lifetime cigarettes smoked were assessed at the age of 14 and depressive symptoms at the age of 17. Negative binomial regression was conducted to model the association between smoking behavior and subsequent depressive symptoms among individuals, and within-pair analyses were conducted to control for unmeasured familial confounding. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, school grades, drinking alcohol to intoxication, health status, family structure, parental education, and smoking, as well as for pre-existing depressiveness. The results of the individual-level analyses showed that cigarette smoking at the age of 14 predicted depressive symptoms at the age of 17. Compared to never smokers, those who had smoked over 50 cigarettes (incidence rate ratio, IRR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.28–1.60) and regular smokers (IRR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.32–1.62) had higher depression scores. The associations were attenuated when adjusted for measured covariates and further reduced in within-pair analyses. In the within-pair results, the estimates were lower within monozygotic (MZ) pairs compared to dizygotic (DZ) pairs, suggesting that shared genetic factors contribute to the associations observed in individual-based analyses. Thus, we conclude that cigarette smoking is associated with subsequent depressive symptoms during adolescence, but the association is not independent of measured confounding factors and shared genetic influences.
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Ho Y, Lee H, Lin M, Chang H. Correlations among life stress, smoking behavior, and depressive symptoms in adolescents: A descriptive study with a mediating model. Nurs Health Sci 2020; 22:949-957. [DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yen‐Chung Ho
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Hsin‐Chien Lee
- Department of Psychiatry School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Mei‐Feng Lin
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
| | - Hsiu‐Ju Chang
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan
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Hamidullah S, Thorpe HHA, Frie JA, Mccurdy RD, Khokhar JY. Adolescent Substance Use and the Brain: Behavioral, Cognitive and Neuroimaging Correlates. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:298. [PMID: 32848673 PMCID: PMC7418456 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is an important ontogenetic period that is characterized by behaviors such as enhanced novelty-seeking, impulsivity, and reward preference, which can give rise to an increased risk for substance use. While substance use rates in adolescence are generally on a decline, the current rates combined with emerging trends, such as increases in e-cigarette use, remain a significant public health concern. In this review, we focus on the neurobiological divergences associated with adolescent substance use, derived from a cross-sectional, retrospective, and longitudinal studies, and highlight how the use of these substances during adolescence may relate to behavioral and neuroimaging-based outcomes. Identifying and understanding the associations between adolescent substance use and changes in cognition, mental health, and future substance use risk may assist our understanding of the consequences of drug exposure during this critical window.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hayley H A Thorpe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jude A Frie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Richard D Mccurdy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jibran Y Khokhar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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European Psychiatric Association (EPA) guidance on prevention of mental disorders. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 27:68-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThere is considerable evidence that various psychiatric conditions can be prevented through the implementation of effective evidence-based interventions. Since a large proportion of lifetime mental illness starts before adulthood, such interventions are particularly important during childhood and adolescence. Prevention is important for the sustainable reduction of the burden of mental disorder since once it has arisen, treatment can only reduce a relatively small proportion of such burden. The challenge for clinicians is to incorporate such interventions into non-clinical and clinical practice as well as engaging with a range of other service providers including public health. Similar strategies can be employed in both the European and global contexts. Promotion of mental well-being can prevent mental disorder but is also important in the recovery from mental disorder. This guidance should be read in conjunction with the EPA Guidance on Mental Health Promotion. This guidance draws on preparatory work for the development of England policy on prevention of mental disorder which used a wide range of sources.
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School Social Capital and Tobacco Experimentation Among Adolescents: Evidence From a Cross-Classified Multilevel, Longitudinal Analysis. J Adolesc Health 2020; 66:431-438. [PMID: 32001140 PMCID: PMC7089836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE School social capital incorporates the intangible prosocial resources from social networks, including expectations and social norms, found in a school environment. School social capital may influence health behaviors such as smoking. This study examined the association of school social capital with smoking behaviors from childhood into adolescence. METHODS We used a cohort sampled from three U.S. cities for the Healthy Passages Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. The primary outcome was cigarette smoking at grade 10 (Wave 3). The primary predictor of interest was school social capital at grade 5 (Wave 1). We included potential covariates at the individual, school, and neighborhood levels at Wave 1. To account for simultaneous clustering in schools and neighborhoods, cross-classified multilevel models were used. RESULTS After exclusions and imputations for missing variables, our final sample contained 3,968 students as constituents of 118 schools and 479 neighborhoods. With adjustment for the covariates, school social capital for grade 5 was negatively associated with cigarette smoking in grade 10. We estimated that a 1 standard deviation increase in the school average social capital for grade 5 is associated with an odds ratio of .86 (95% credible interval: .75-.98) for school-level smoking in grade 10. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that school social capital in late elementary years is associated with reduced smoking behaviors among adolescents in the U.S. Influencing school social capital through enrichment of positive social norms and parent/teacher expectations may be a useful strategy to reduce adolescent smoking, with long-term implications for adult health.
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Milic M, Gazibara T, Pekmezovic T, Kisic Tepavcevic D, Maric G, Popovic A, Stevanovic J, Patil KH, Levine H. Tobacco smoking and health-related quality of life among university students: Mediating effect of depression. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227042. [PMID: 31914158 PMCID: PMC6948726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the association between cigarette smoking and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among students in two different universities, and the potential mediating effect of depression. Participants were students who came for mandatory check-ups at Student Health Care Centers in two Universities in Serbia, differing by socio-politically and economically environments. Students completed socio-demographic questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the SF-36 questionnaire for assessment of HRQoL. In both populations, after adjustment for socio-demographic, behavioral and health factors, smoking was associated with poorer Mental Composite Score (MCS) and Physical Composite Score (PCS) (Belgrade 1,624 students: MCS β = 3.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.31, 5.44, PCS β = 1.01, 95% CI -0.50, 2.52; Kosovska Mitrovica 514 students: MCS β = 5.06, 95% CI 1.74, 8.37, PCS β = 3.29, 95% CI 0.75, 5.83). After additional adjustment for BDI score, the observed associations were lost (Belgrade: MCS β = 1.12, 95% CI -0.57, 2.80, PCS β = -0.40, 95% CI -1.71, 0.92; Kosovska Mitrovica: MCS β = 0.77, 95% CI -2.06, 3.60, PCS β = 0.56, 95% CI -1.75, 2.87). Higher BDI score was associated with poorer PCS and MCS across all quintiles. The association of smoking with impairment of HRQoL among university students in two different settings was mediated by higher levels of depressive symptoms. These findings highlight the need for further research on the interaction between smoking, mental health and quality of life, with implications for prevention, diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Milic
- Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Pristina temporarily seated in Kosovska Mitrovica, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Gazibara
- Institute of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Pekmezovic
- Institute of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Gorica Maric
- Institute of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Popovic
- School for Sports and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Stevanovic
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Pristina temporarily seated in Kosovska Mitrovica, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia
| | | | - Hagai Levine
- Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
- * E-mail:
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El-Toukhy S, Sabado M, Choi K. Trends in Tobacco Product Use Patterns Among U.S. Youth, 1999-2014. Nicotine Tob Res 2019; 20:690-697. [PMID: 28582567 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction We examined trends in seven mutually exclusive tobacco product use patterns (T-PUPs) in nationally representative samples of U.S. youth over time and age. Methods We used time varying effect modeling on National Youth Tobacco Surveys, 1999-2014 (N = 38662, 9-17 years, M = 15.02). Regression coefficients were estimated as a non-parametric function of time. T-PUPs were cigarette only, non-cigarette combustible only, noncombustible only, non-cigarette combustible and noncombustible dual, cigarette and noncombustible dual, cigarette and non-cigarette combustible dual, and POLY (i.e. cigarettes, non-cigarette combustibles, and noncombustibles) use. Results Among youth tobacco users, cigarette only use was the predominant T-PUP from 1999 to 2010. After 2010 and 2013, non-cigarette combustible only (AOR 1.38, CI = 1.02-1.87) and noncombustible only (AOR 1.57, CI = 1.00-2.45) use became more prevalent than cigarette only use. In 2011, dual and POLY T-PUPs were on the rise although not significantly different from cigarette only use. Cigarette only use was the predominant T-PUP among 11- to 17-year-old tobacco users. Non-cigarette combustible only (AOR 0.14, CI = 0.10-0.19), noncombustible only (AOR 0.01, CI = 0.008-0.02), non-cigarette combustible and noncombustible (AOR 0.01, CI = 0.01-0.03), cigarette and noncombustible (AOR 0.02, CI = 0.01-0.04), cigarette and non-cigarette combustible (AOR 0.32, CI = 0.24-0.43), and POLY (AOR 0.02, CI = 0.01-0.04) use were less prevalent than cigarette only use at age 17. Conclusions Non-cigarette, dual, and POLY T-PUPs are rising among youth tobacco users. Screening for all tobacco use and delivering treatment during pediatrician visits should be standard clinical practice. Implications Tracking trends in tobacco product use patterns (T-PUPs) over time and age is necessary to achieve Healthy People 2020 goal of reducing tobacco use among youth. Trends over time show a rise of non-cigarette T-PUPs especially noncombustible products but cigarette only use remains the most prevalent among 11- to 17-year-old tobacco users. The recent extension of FDA's regulatory jurisdiction over all tobacco products (e.g. e-cigarettes, hookah) is a step toward comprehensive tobacco control especially among youth. Public health practitioners should extend prevention and cessation efforts among youth to T-PUPs beyond exclusive cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherine El-Toukhy
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Melanie Sabado
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kelvin Choi
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Raffetti E, Donato F, Forsell Y, Galanti MR. Longitudinal association between tobacco use and the onset of depressive symptoms among Swedish adolescents: the Kupol cohort study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 28:695-704. [PMID: 30315361 PMCID: PMC6514114 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-018-1237-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco use in adolescence has been linked to the onset of depressive symptoms, but results of previous studies are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to clarify if tobacco use during early adolescence may affect the short-term onset of depressive symptoms. The study is based on Swedish Kupol study (3959 students). Current cigarette smoking, snus use, and tobacco dependence were assessed using questionnaires at baseline and 1-year follow-up. Outcome was the onset of depressive symptoms measured with the CES-DC scale, using a cut-off ≥ 30 as threshold. Adjusted linear and logistic regression models were employed to calculate odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). CES-DC mean score at baseline was 14.3, higher in females than males (17.5 vs 10.9). The incidence of depressive symptoms at follow-up was 8.3%, greater in current than never smokers at baseline (13.7% vs 3.1%). Current cigarette smoking at the age of 13 years was strongly associated with the onset of depressive symptoms 1 year later, particularly in males (OR 12.7, 95% CI: 2.5-63.9), with a significant interaction between tobacco use and sex; feeling dependent on tobacco was also associated with depressive symptoms in males but not in females. Snus and overall tobacco use were not associated with the onset of depressive symptoms. Tobacco use during adolescence appears to influence the onset of depressive symptoms, with a stronger association in males than females. Pubertal maturation and sex-specific response patterns to the scale instrument may explain the moderating effect of sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Raffetti
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 1 E, 113 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesco Donato
- Unit of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Yvonne Forsell
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 1 E, 113 65 Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm Health Care District, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Rosaria Galanti
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 1 E, 113 65 Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm Health Care District, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
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Reports of perceived racial discrimination among African American children predict negative affect and smoking behavior in adulthood: A sensitive period hypothesis. Dev Psychopathol 2019; 30:1629-1647. [PMID: 30451139 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579418001244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We examined the prospective relations between a cultural risk factor, perceived racial discrimination (PRD), and subsequent negative affect and health behavior (smoking) in a panel of 889 African American children (part of the Family and Community Health Study). Cultural moderators (protective factors) of these relations were also examined. PRD was assessed six times from ages 10.5 (Wave 1) to 24.5 (Wave 6), and negative affect (anger and depressive symptoms) was assessed at Wave 2 (age 12.5) and Wave 6 (age 24.5). Results indicated that Wave 1 PRD predicted Wave 6 smoking, controlling for multiple factors related to smoking and/or PRD, including smoking at age 15.5. Structural equation models indicated that these relations between Wave 1 PRD and smoking were mediated by both early and later negative affect. The models also indicated that Wave 1 PRD had a direct impact on Wave 6 anger (assessed 14 years later), controlling for the effects of PRD on early affect. Cultural socialization was associated with lower rates of adolescent smoking, and it buffered the relation between PRD and Wave 6 anger. The impact of early PRD experiences along with suggestions for culturally informed interventions and preventive interventions that might buffer against early PRD effects are discussed.
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López Ibáñez de Aldecoa A, Cedillo Gómez S, Bruguera E, García-Portilla MP, Bobes J. Smoking Status and Cost of Illness in Patients with Depressive Disorder Based on the National Health Survey in Spain. Subst Use Misuse 2019; 54:713-723. [PMID: 30585110 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2018.1536717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Twenty-one percent of subjects with depressive disorder (DD) smoke. This prevalence is expected to be related to healthcare resources utilization (HRU) and sick leave, thereby accounting for substantial costs to the National Health System (NHS) and to society that still need to be characterized. The objective was to estimate cost of illness in patients with DD according to their smoking status. METHODS We used the 2011/2012 National Health Survey to document HRU and lost-workday equivalents (LWDE). Men and women 18+ years old with a DD self-reported to a physician in the past 12 months were categorized into: smokers (daily smokers), former smokers, and never smokers. HRU and LWDE were computed on an annualized basis. Multivariate general linear models adjusted for sex, age, and comorbidities were applied. RESULTS Data from 1,816 subjects (381 smokers, 290 former smokers, and 1,145 never smokers) were analyzed. Smokers had higher total per patient annual costs (thousands, €3.14), and higher annual healthcare costs (€2.53) than former smokers (€2.35, p < .1; and €1.93, p < .05) and never smokers (€2.42, p < .05; and €2.06, p < .1): with excess costs of €0.79 and €0.72 for total annual costs and €0.60 and €0.47 for annual healthcare costs (p = .029 and p = .056, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Smoking DD subjects were associated with higher HRU and costs from both the societal and healthcare perspectives, when compared with former and never smokers in the Spanish general population. Supporting people with DD to quit smoking might therefore be a value-for-money health policy in Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eugeni Bruguera
- c c Addictive Behaviour Unit of Psychiatry, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital , Barcelona , Spain
| | - María-Paz García-Portilla
- d d Department of Medicine , Psychiatry Area, University of Oviedo , Oviedo , Spain.,e e Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM , Oviedo , Spain
| | - Julio Bobes
- e e Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM , Oviedo , Spain.,f f Department of Medicine , Psychiatry Area, University of Oviedo , Oviedo , Spain
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Esmaeelzadeh S, Moraros J, Thorpe L, Bird Y. Examining the Association and Directionality between Mental Health Disorders and Substance Use among Adolescents and Young Adults in the U.S. and Canada-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7120543. [PMID: 30551577 PMCID: PMC6306768 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7120543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the association and directionality between mental health disorders and substance use among adolescents and young adults in the U.S. and Canada. Methods: The following databases were used: Medline, PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library. Meta-analysis used odds ratios as the pooled measure of effect. Results: A total of 3656 studies were screened and 36 were selected. Pooled results showed a positive association between depression and use of alcohol (odds ratio (OR) = 1.50, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.24–1.83), cannabis (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.10–1.51), and tobacco (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.43–1.92). Significant associations were also found between anxiety and use of alcohol (OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.19–2.00), cannabis (OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.02–1.81), and tobacco (OR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.54–3.17). A bidirectional relationship was observed with tobacco use at baseline leading to depression at follow-up (OR = 1.87, CI = 1.23–2.85) and depression at baseline leading to tobacco use at follow-up (OR = 1.22, CI = 1.09–1.37). A unidirectional relationship was also observed with cannabis use leading to depression (OR = 1.33, CI = 1.19–1.49). Conclusion: This study offers insights into the association and directionality between mental health disorders and substance use among adolescents and young adults. Our findings can help guide key stakeholders in making recommendations for interventions, policy and programming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Moraros
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada.
| | - Lilian Thorpe
- FRCP, Faculty, Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada.
| | - Yelena Bird
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada.
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Lee J, Kim TH, Min S, Kim MH, Park KC, Moon JS, Ahn JS. Depressive symptoms and suicidal behaviours in adolescent non-daily smokers compared to daily smokers and never-smokers in Korea: National cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207182. [PMID: 30427886 PMCID: PMC6241131 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aimed to investigate the association of non-daily smoking with depressive symptoms and suicidal behaviours among adolescents by analysing data from the 2016 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBWS), a national school-based survey. METHODS We analysed data from a nationally representative sample of Korean adolescents aged 12-18 years (n = 65,528). We investigated the risks of depressive symptoms, suicide ideation, plan and attempt in adolescent non-daily smokers using multiple logistic regression analyses after adjusting for confounding factors. Taking into account the trajectory of smoking patterns in adolescents, we assessed all analyses with stratification by early (aged 12-15) and late (aged 16-18) adolescents. RESULTS Among early adolescents, non-daily smokers were more likely to have depressive symptoms, suicide ideation and plan compared with never smokers and even more likely to have depressive symptoms compared with daily smokers. Among late adolescents, non-daily smokers had higher risks of depressive symptoms, suicide ideation, plan and attempt than never smokers, whereas the risk for suicide attempts was lower than daily smokers. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that non-daily smoking in adolescents was associated with risks for depressive symptoms and suicidal behaviours, and the association was more prominent in early adolescents. Careful attention on the mental health of adolescent non-daily smokers is needed because this is an increasing and easily overlooked group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhee Lee
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Tae Hui Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Seongho Min
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Min-Hyuk Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Ki Chang Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jin Sil Moon
- Center of Biomedical Data Science (CBDS), Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Joung-Sook Ahn
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Kearns NT, Carl E, Stein AT, Vujanovic AA, Zvolensky MJ, Smits JAJ, Powers MB. Posttraumatic stress disorder and cigarette smoking: A systematic review. Depress Anxiety 2018; 35:1056-1072. [PMID: 30192425 DOI: 10.1002/da.22828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous reviews of the PTSD and cigarette smoking literature showed high PTSD-smoking comorbidity and problematic smoking outcomes (Feldner et al., 2007, Clinical Psychology Review, 27, 14-45; Fu et al., 2007, Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 9, 1071-1084). However, past reviews also noted several prominent gaps in the literature, including a lack of etiological work examining underlying mechanisms and research on specialized PTSD-smoking treatments. The present review summarizes an extensive body of research conducted since the previous reviews targeting these areas of need. METHODS Literature searches identified 66 empirical studies specific to smoking and PTSD. RESULTS Smokers were approximately twice more likely to have PTSD than nonsmokers in the general population, and individuals with PTSD were approximately twice as likely to be current smokers. Smokers with PTSD evidenced more negative affect, trauma history, and comorbid psychiatric history, as well as quit attempts and higher relapse rates. PTSD symptoms were associated with expectations that smoking would reduce negative affect, which, in turn, was associated with increased smoking rate and nicotine dependence. Male sex was associated with nicotine dependence and PTSD avoidance, while the relationship between PTSD and smoking relapse due to withdrawal was stronger in females. Specialized, integrated PTSD and smoking cessation treatments showed promise in increasing quit success relative to standard care in randomized trials. CONCLUSIONS Rates of PTSD-smoking co-occurrence remain high. Notable gains have been made in relevant epidemiological and etiological research, although more work is needed in trauma-specific subpopulations. Several promising specialized treatments for comorbid smoking-PTSD have been developed and empirically tested but require replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan T Kearns
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
| | - Emily Carl
- Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Aliza T Stein
- Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | | | | | - Jasper A J Smits
- Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Mark B Powers
- Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas.,Trauma, Critical Care, and Cute Care Surgery Research, Baylor University Medical Center, Dellas, Texas
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Komiyama M, Yamakage H, Satoh-Asahara N, Ozaki Y, Morimoto T, Shimatsu A, Takahashi Y, Hasegawa K. Sex differences in nicotine dependency and depressive tendency among smokers. Psychiatry Res 2018; 267:154-159. [PMID: 29908483 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Depressive tendency and nicotine dependency are factors related to the failure of smoking cessation. Women generally have a higher depressive tendency and difficulty in smoking cessation than men. However, the impact of sex differences on the relationship between nicotine dependency and depressive tendency remains unclear. We evaluated 727 patients (496 men and 231 women) who visited our outpatient clinic for smoking cessation therapy and compared various parameters measured between sexes during consultation. Age, duration of smoking, and daily cigarette consumption were significantly higher in men during the first visit. Women had significantly higher self-rating depression scale (SDS) scores and took significantly more antidepressant drugs than men. The SDS score significantly correlated with the Fagerström test for the nicotine dependence score and with daily cigarette consumption in women, but not in men. Thus, the present study demonstrates the differential relationship of depressive tendency with tobacco use or nicotine dependency in men and women, which might reflect sex differences in response to psychological stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Komiyama
- Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan.
| | - Hajime Yamakage
- Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan.
| | - Noriko Satoh-Asahara
- Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan.
| | - Yuka Ozaki
- Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Morimoto
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Akira Shimatsu
- Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan.
| | - Yuko Takahashi
- Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan.
| | - Koji Hasegawa
- Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan.
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Wang D, Hagedorn AD, McLaughlin DK, Bray BC. Change and Stability of Emotional Health of Rural Pennsylvania Youth During High School. J Rural Health 2018; 34:322-332. [PMID: 29451328 PMCID: PMC6021226 DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Few prior studies have examined change in emotional health of high school students in a rural context. Considering the multifaceted nature of emotional health, this research aims to identify the patterns and explore change and stability of the emotional health of rural Pennsylvania youth. It also investigates the influence of family, peers, school, and the community environment on rural adolescents' emotional health. METHODS Using panel data from the Rural Youth Education Project, we employed latent transition analysis to examine changes in patterns of rural students' self-reported emotional health from 9th grade to 11th grade (N = 1,294). FINDINGS Four distinct emotional health subgroups for rural adolescents were identified. Over half of the youth in the sample felt emotionally well, or positive, in both 9th and 11th grades. Roughly 60% of rural youth remained in the same emotional health category from 9th to 11th grade, but a substantial minority experienced change in emotional health. One-fifth reported lower emotional health status in 11th grade, and one-fifth indicated more positive emotions in 11th than in 9th grade. We found strong evidence of family, school, community, and peer influences on the emotional health of rural youth in 9th grade. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that while a large share of rural youth exhibit positive emotional health and remain positive across their high school years, a substantial share of rural youth experience changing emotional health. The study underscores the important role that family, peers, school, and the community environment play for rural youth's emotional health over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Wang
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Sociology and Education, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania,Population Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Annelise DeJong Hagedorn
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Sociology and Education, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania,Population Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Diane K. McLaughlin
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Sociology and Education, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania,Population Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Bethany C. Bray
- The Methodology Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
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Tobacco product use and mental health status among young adults. Addict Behav 2018; 77:67-72. [PMID: 28965069 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with mental health conditions represent a priority population for tobacco control. This population smokes cigarettes at disproportionately higher rates than the general population, but less is known about the relationship between non-cigarette tobacco use and mental health status. METHOD In 2013, 2370 young adults recruited from 11 colleges in North Carolina and Virginia completed an online survey on tobacco use. We compared past 6-month self-reported mental health diagnosis, past 30-day depression score, and past 7-day stress score to past 30-day cigarette, e-cigarette, waterpipe, cigar, and smokeless tobacco use. Models adjusted for age, gender, race, ethnicity, and mother's education. Non-cigarette products were also adjusted for past 30-day cigarette use. RESULTS Among participants, 249 (10.5%) reported a mental health diagnosis, most commonly depression (5.5%), ADHD/ADD (4.5%), and anxiety (0.8%). Those who reported a mental health diagnosis had greater odds of using cigarettes (AOR=1.55; CI=1.01, 2.27). Mean stress score was 16.0 (SD=6.9) of possible 40. Higher stress scale score was associated with increased odds of e-cigarette (AOR=1.03; CI=1.01, 1.05), waterpipe (AOR=1.04; CI=1.01, 1.06), and cigarette (AOR=1.02; CI=1.00, 1.04) use. Mean depression score was 7.2 (SD=5.6) of possible 33. Higher depression scale score was associated with increased odds for e-cigarette (AOR=1.04; CI=1.01, 1.08) and cigarette (AOR=1.03; CI=1.01, 1.06) use. CONCLUSION Findings in this study provide further evidence of a potential relationship between non-cigarette tobacco products and mental health status. Tobacco control efforts aimed at reducing tobacco use disparities among mental health populations should focus on non-cigarette tobacco products in addition to cigarettes.
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Zhang XC, Woud ML, Becker ES, Margraf J. Do health-related factors predict major depression? A longitudinal epidemiologic study. Clin Psychol Psychother 2018; 25:378-387. [PMID: 29315965 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of global disease burden. Hence, examining the role of risk and protective factors for MDD is an important target in psychological research. Various studies showed that obesity, smoking, and alcohol consumption are related to depressive symptoms. In contrast, physical activity has been found to be a protective factor. The present population-based study tested whether these health-related factors are prospectively associated with incidence of MDD. Data were taken from the Dresden Predictor Study, which was designed to investigate risk and protective factors of mental health in young women. It included two assessments approximately 17 months apart. Results of single logistic regression analyses showed that being overweight, being a smoker, and being in a high-risk drinking group at baseline were predictive of developing MDD at follow-up. Engaging in regular physical activity and having good physical health were found to be protective factors of MDD. However, being in a medium-risk drinking group was not predictive of incidence of MDD, and irregular physical activity was not a protective factor. This is the first prospective, longitudinal study to show that obesity, smoking, and high-risk drinking are predictive of new onsets of MDD and that physical health is a protective factor. These data provide promising avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chi Zhang
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marcella L Woud
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Eni S Becker
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Margraf
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Campion J, Checinski K, Nurse J, McNeill A. Smoking by people with mental illness and benefits of smoke-free
mental health services. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1192/apt.bp.108.005710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Smoking is the largest single cause of preventable illness in the UK. Those
with mental health problems smoke significantly more and are therefore at
greater risk. The new Health Act (2006) will require mental health
facilities in England to be completely smoke-free by 1st July 2008. This
article reviews the current literature regarding how smoking affects both
the physical and mental well-being of people with mental health problems. It
also considers the effects of smoke-free policy in mental health
settings.
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Sampasa-Kanyinga H, Dupuis LC, Ray R. Prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation and attempts among children and adolescents. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2017; 29:/j/ijamh.2017.29.issue-2/ijamh-2015-0053/ijamh-2015-0053.xml. [PMID: 26556839 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2015-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Suicide is a potentially preventable public health issue. It is therefore important to examine its immediate precursors, including suicidal ideation and attempts, to help in the development of future public health interventions. The present study reports the prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempts in the past 12 months in children and adolescents and identifies correlates of such behaviors in a large and diverse sample of middle and high school students. Data were drawn from a representative sample of Ottawa students (n=1922) aged 11-20 years (14.4±1.9 years) from three cycles (2009, 2011 and 2013) of the Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey (OSDUHS), a cross-sectional school-based appraisal of students in grades 7-12 across Ontario, Canada. Overall, 10.8% of students exhibited suicidal ideation and 3.0% reported suicide attempts in the past 12 months. The conditional probability of making an attempt was 25.5% among suicide ideators. Multivariable analyses indicated that being a girl and using alcohol and cannabis were positively associated with suicidal ideation, while tobacco was positively associated with suicide attempts. Being a victim of school bullying was significantly associated with reports of suicidal ideation and attempts, whereas school connectedness had protective effects against both suicidal ideation and attempts. These results indicate that suicidal ideation and attempts are related to other risky behaviors. Suicide-prevention efforts should be integrated within broader health-promoting initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robin Ray
- Ottawa Public Health, Ottawa, Ontario
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Groenman AP, Janssen TWP, Oosterlaan J. Childhood Psychiatric Disorders as Risk Factor for Subsequent Substance Abuse: A Meta-Analysis. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2017. [PMID: 28647007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the prospective risk of developing substance-related disorders after childhood mental health disorders (i.e., attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], oppositional defiant disorder [ODD] or conduct disorder [CD], anxiety disorder, and depression) using meta-analysis. METHOD PubMed, Embase, and PsycInfo were searched for relevant longitudinal studies that described childhood (<18 years old) ADHD, ODD or CD, anxiety, or depression in relation to later alcohol-, nicotine-, or drug-related disorders or substance use disorders (SUDs) published in peer-reviewed journals in the English language from 1986 to May 2016. Two researchers conducted all review stages. Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines were followed. RESULTS Thirty-seven studies including more than 762,187 participants were identified for quantitative analyses. These studies included 22,029 participants with ADHD, 434 participants with ODD or CD, 1,433 participants with anxiety disorder, and 2,451 participants with depression. Ninety-seven effects sizes were extracted for analyses. Meta-analysis showed a significantly increased risk for addiction in ADHD (n = 23, odds ratio [OR] 2.27, 95% CI 1.98-3.67; OR alcohol 2.15, 95% CI 1.56-2.97; OR drugs 1.52, 95% CI 1.52-5.27; OR nicotine 2.52, 95% CI 2.01-3.15; OR SUDs 2.61, 95% CI 1.77-3.84), ODD or CD (n = 8, OR 3.18, 95% CI 1.97-5.80; OR alcohol 1.73, 95% CI 1.51-2.00; OR drugs 4.24, 95% CI 1.3.21.5.59; OR nicotine 4.22, 95% CI 3.21-5.55; OR SUDs 4.86, 95% CI 3.09-7.56), and depression (n = 13, OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.47-2.81; OR alcohol 1.10, 95% CI 1.02-1.19; OR nicotine 2.56, 95% CI 1.89-3.48; OR SUDs 2.20, 95% CI 1.41-3.43), but not for anxiety disorders (n = 15, OR 1.34, 95% CI 0.90-1.55, not significant). CONCLUSION Childhood ADHD, ODD, CD, and depression increase the risk of developing substance-related disorders. Anxiety disorders do not seem to increase the risk for future substance-related disorders, although the findings are highly heterogeneous. These findings emphasize the need for early detection and intervention to prevent debilitating substance-related disorders in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabeth P Groenman
- Section of Clinical Neuropsychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands and Accare, Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen.
| | - Tieme W P Janssen
- Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Section of Clinical Neuropsychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
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Soleimani MA, Pahlevan Sharif S, Bahrami N, Yaghoobzadeh A, Allen KA, Mohammadi S. The relationship between anxiety, depression and risk behaviors in adolescents. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2017; 31:/j/ijamh.ahead-of-print/ijamh-2016-0148/ijamh-2016-0148.xml. [PMID: 28493817 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2016-0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aim Adolescence is a developmental period often associated with high-risk behaviors. While some risk-taking behavior is considered normative in adolescents, research has indicated an association between risky behaviors and mental ill-health. The current research aimed to examine the relationship between anxiety and depression with the occurrence of high-risk behaviors in adolescents and also determine the predictive factors of these main variables. Methods A descriptive, cross-sectional, correlational design was used to collect data from 399 adolescents between the ages of 14 and 19 residing in Qazvin, Iran using the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) and the Iranian Adolescents Risk-taking Scale (IARS) between the period of October and November 2015. Data analysis included descriptive and inferential statistics powered by SPSS (v. 23). Results Mean scores for anxiety, depression and risky behaviors were 37.70 ± 21.11 and 80.76 ± 31.30, respectively. Participants' frequency of suicidal thoughts (β = 0.126, p < 0.05) positively predicted anxiety and depression, while age (β = -0.126, p < 0.01) and self-confidence (β = -0.307, p < 0.001) negatively predicted anxiety and depression. Moreover, having friends that smoke (β = 0.366, p < 0.001), suicidal thoughts (β = 0.127, p < 0.01), and the strength of suicidal thoughts (β = 0.100, p < 0.05) were positive predictors of occurrence of risky behaviors. Furthermore, religious belief (β = -0.204, p < 0.001) negatively predicted occurrence of risky behaviors in Iranian adolescents. Male respondents were more likely to have higher level of occurrence of risky behaviors than females (β = -0.193, p < 0.001). Conclusion Findings of the present study suggest that anxiety and depression positively and significantly predict the occurrence of risky behaviors in addition to having friends that smoke, suicidal thoughts, and strong suicidal thinking. The implications of these findings have relevance for screening, prevention, and treatment interventions targeting mental health in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Soleimani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Saeed Pahlevan Sharif
- Taylor's Business School, Taylor's University, Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nasim Bahrami
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Ameneh Yaghoobzadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Phone: +98 9375651975, Fax: +98 28 33237268
| | - Kelly A Allen
- The Melbourne Graduate School of Education, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sepideh Mohammadi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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Sillice MA, Babbin SF, Paiva AL, Redding CA, Rossi JS, Velicer WF. Assessing demographic differences in decisional balance for smoking prevention and temptations to try smoking among adolescent subgroups. Tob Prev Cessat 2017; 3:14. [PMID: 32432188 PMCID: PMC7232824 DOI: 10.18332/tpc/70562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cigarette smoking initiation remains prevalent in adolescence. Effective prevention methods are needed to dissuade this behavior. Demographic factors are identified as important risk factors in the developmental nature of smoking in adolescence. The current study investigates potential demographic differences for two new trans-theoretical model measures, the Decisional Balance Inventory (pros and cons) for Smoking Prevention and the Temptations to Try Smoking Scale. METHODS A sample of 6th grade Rhode Island students from 20 middle schools (N = 4151) who were participating in a longitudinal and computer-delivered intervention for substance abuse prevention was assessed on these measures at baseline. Three MANOVA tests were conducted to assess the impact of race (White vs. Non-White), ethnicity (Hispanic vs. Non-Hispanic) and gender (male vs female). RESULTS Significant effects for race and ethnicity were found for Decisional Balance and Temptations to Try Smoking. For race, Whites reported lesser pros (p <.0001) and Non-Whites reported higher cons (p <.0001) and temptations to try smoking (p <.0001). Differences for ethnicity showed that Hispanics were higher on pros (p <.0001) and temptations to try smoking (p <.0001) than Non-Hispanics. Non-Hispanics reported higher cons (p <.0001). Gender differences were noted only for temptations to try smoking, and showed females were higher on this construct than males (p <.0001). The effect sizes were .01 or below. CONCLUSIONS The results did not demonstrate a strong association between these demographics and constructs, suggesting that tailored prevention methods based solely on these factors may not dissuade smoking in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie A. Sillice
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, United States
| | - Steven F. Babbin
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, United States
| | - Andrea L. Paiva
- Cancer Prevention Research Center and Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, United States
| | - Colleen A. Redding
- Cancer Prevention Research Center and Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, United States
| | - Joseph S. Rossi
- Cancer Prevention Research Center and Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, United States
| | - Wayne F. Velicer
- Cancer Prevention Research Center and Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, United States
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Husaini B, Levine R, Lammers P, Hull P, Novotny M, Moonis M. Smoking, depression, and hospital costs of respiratory cancers: Examining race and sex variation. Fam Med Community Health 2017; 5:29-42. [PMID: 29057243 PMCID: PMC5648368 DOI: 10.15212/fmch.2017.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of smoking and depression relative to hospital cost for lung cancer (LC) remains unknown. METHODS We extracted data on depression, smoking history, demographics, and hospital charges on patients with respiratory cancers (ICD-9 codes 161-163,165) from the 2008 Tennessee Hospital Discharge Data System. The sample (n=6,665) was mostly white (86%) and male (57). Age-adjusted rates were developed per CDC methodology, and hospital costs were compared for LC with vs. without depression and smoking. RESULTS Three findings (p<.001) emerged: (i) LC rate was higher among blacks than whites, and higher among males than females; (ii) While 66% of LC smoked (more males than females without racial variation), 24% had depression (more females and whites were depressed); (iii) The LC hospital cost was 54% higher compared to non-LC, and this cost doubled for LC with depression and smoking vs. those without such characteristics. CONCLUSION While LC is more prevalent among blacks and males, depression is higher among female and white patients. Since depression with higher costs existed among LC patients, our findings point to: (i) possibility of cost savings by diagnosing and treating depression among LC, and (ii) implementing proven smoking cessation programs to reduce LC morbidity and hospital costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baqar Husaini
- Tennessee State University, Nashville, Tennessee 37209
| | | | | | - Pam Hull
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240
| | | | - Majaz Moonis
- University of Massachusetts, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655
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Flores-Cornejo F, Kamego-Tome M, Zapata-Pachas MA, Alvarado GF. Association between body image dissatisfaction and depressive symptoms in adolescents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 39:316-322. [PMID: 28355343 PMCID: PMC7111410 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2016-1947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To determine the association between body image dissatisfaction (BID) and depressive symptoms in adolescents from a school in Lima, Peru. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed through a census of 875 high-school students, aged 13 to 17 years, from a school in Lima. Participants completed a survey containing the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Data regarding demographics, alcohol and tobacco use, self-esteem, and family history of depression were also obtained. To identify associated factors, Poisson regression with robust variance was used. Prevalence ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results: Of the 875 adolescents, 55.8% were male. The mean age was 14.1±1.5 years. Depressive symptoms were observed in 19.9% of participants. An association between BID and depressive symptoms was found. Alcohol and tobacco use were also associated with the outcome of interest. Conclusions: Teens who had BID were 3.7 times more likely to report depressive symptoms. Additionally, those who used tobacco or alcohol were 1.5 and 1.4 times more likely to have depressive symptoms, respectively. Further studies targeting other populations and using longitudinal designs are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mayumi Kamego-Tome
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
| | | | - German F Alvarado
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
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Korhonen T, Ranjit A, Tuulio-Henriksson A, Kaprio J. Smoking status as a predictor of antidepressant medication use. J Affect Disord 2017; 207:221-227. [PMID: 27723547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking and depression are major public health concerns, but longitudinal research on the association between smoking and antidepressant use is scarce. The purpose of this study was to investigate, whether smoking predicts antidepressant medication during a 10-year follow-up. METHODS A questionnaire was administered to Finnish adult twins in 1990. Antidepressant prescription data during 1995-2004 were obtained from the register of the Finnish Social Insurance Institution and linked to the survey data. Cox Proportional Hazard Models among 10,652 individuals (1075 cases, 9577 controls) assessed the risk for depression in the cohort, whereas within-pair comparisons of smoking twins with their non-smoking co-twins controlled for shared familial influences. RESULTS Daily smokers had a significantly elevated likelihood for having antidepressant prescriptions in the follow-up. Based on the analysis among those without baseline depression, heavy daily smokers had a significantly elevated likelihood (HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.17-2.08) for antidepressant prescription when adjusted for all confounders. Similar analysis using pairs discordant for antidepressant medication confirmed that daily smoking twins had a higher likelihood for prescriptions (HR 1.98, 95% CI 1.11-3.54) compared with their non-smoking co-twins. The estimates were for MZ pairs (HR 1.78, 95% CI 0.48-6.55) and DZ pairs (HR 1.92, 95% CI 0.99-3.72), respectively. LIMITATIONS Changes in smoking status after baseline cannot be accounted for. Reversed association between depression and smoking cannot be ruled out. CONCLUSION Daily smoking predicts antidepressant medication, even when controlling for essential confounders and familial factors. This study highlights the need of systematically assessing depressive symptoms among smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tellervo Korhonen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Anu Ranjit
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annamari Tuulio-Henriksson
- Research Department, Social Insurance Institution, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Fluharty M, Taylor AE, Grabski M, Munafò MR. The Association of Cigarette Smoking With Depression and Anxiety: A Systematic Review. Nicotine Tob Res 2017; 19:3-13. [PMID: 27199385 PMCID: PMC5157710 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntw140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 624] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies report a positive association between smoking and mental illness. However, the literature remains mixed regarding the direction of this association. We therefore conducted a systematic review evaluating the association of smoking and depression and/or anxiety in longitudinal studies. METHODS Studies were identified by searching PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science and were included if they: (1) used human participants, (2) were longitudinal, (3) reported primary data, (4) had smoking as an exposure and depression and/or anxiety as an outcome, or (5) had depression and/or anxiety as the exposure and smoking as an outcome. RESULTS Outcomes from 148 studies were categorized into: smoking onset, smoking status, smoking heaviness, tobacco dependence, and smoking trajectory. The results for each category varied substantially, with evidence for positive associations in both directions (smoking to later mental health and mental health to later smoking) as well as null findings. Overall, nearly half the studies reported that baseline depression/anxiety was associated with some type of later smoking behavior, while over a third found evidence that a smoking exposure was associated with later depression/anxiety. However, there were few studies directly supporting a bidirectional model of smoking and anxiety, and very few studies reporting null results. CONCLUSIONS The literature on the prospective association between smoking and depression and anxiety is inconsistent in terms of the direction of association most strongly supported. This suggests the need for future studies that employ different methodologies, such as Mendelian randomization (MR), which will allow us to draw stronger causal inferences. IMPLICATIONS We systematically reviewed longitudinal studies on the association of different aspects of smoking behavior with depression and anxiety. The results varied considerably, with evidence for smoking both associated with subsequent depression and anxiety, and vice versa. Few studies supported a bidirectional relationship, or reported null results, and no clear patterns by gender, ethnicity, clinical status, length to follow-up, or diagnostic test. Suggesting that despite advantages of longitudinal studies, they cannot alone provide strong evidence of causality. Therefore, future studies investigating this association should employ different methods allowing for stronger causal inferences to be made, such as MR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meg Fluharty
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom;
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Amy E Taylor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Meryem Grabski
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus R Munafò
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Ahn IY, Seo J, Lee D, Lee SJ, Cha B, Lee CS, Kim BJ, Park CS, Choi JW. Emotional Characteristics of Adolescents in Monocultural and Multicultural Families in Korea. Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak 2016. [DOI: 10.5765/jkacap.2016.27.4.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- In-Young Ahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - Jiyeong Seo
- Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - Dongyun Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - So-Jin Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Boseok Cha
- Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Cheol-Soon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Chul-Soo Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jae-Won Choi
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Tobacco use remains the leading preventable cause of death worldwide. In particular, people with mental illness are disproportionately affected with high smoking prevalence; they account for more than 200,000 of the 520,000 tobacco-attributable deaths in the United States annually and die on average 25 years prematurely. Our review aims to provide an update on smoking in the mentally ill. We review the determinants of tobacco use among smokers with mental illness, presented with regard to the public health HAVE framework of “the host” (e.g., tobacco user characteristics), the “agent” (e.g., nicotine product characteristics), the “vector” (e.g., tobacco industry), and the “environment” (e.g., smoking policies). Furthermore, we identify the significant health harms incurred and opportunities for prevention and intervention within a health care systems and larger health policy perspective. A comprehensive effort is warranted to achieve equity toward the 2025 Healthy People goal of reducing US adult tobacco use to 12%, with attention to all subgroups, including smokers with mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith J Prochaska
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305;
| | - Smita Das
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305;
| | - Kelly C Young-Wolff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California 94612;
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Dervaux A, Laqueille X. Tabagisme et comorbidités psychiatriques. Presse Med 2016; 45:1133-1140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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Case KR, Cooper M, Creamer M, Mantey D, Kelder S. Victims of Bullying and Tobacco Use Behaviors in Adolescents: Differences Between Bullied at School, Electronically, or Both. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2016; 86:832-840. [PMID: 27714875 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Being a victim of bullying is associated with greater risk of youth substance use; however, research specifically examining whether tobacco use behaviors differ among adolescents who were bullied at school only, electronically only, or both at school and electronically is limited. METHODS We examined the associations between being a victim of bullying (at school only, electronically only, or both at school and electronically) and use of tobacco products using data from the 2013 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey. RESULTS Girls who were bullied both at school and electronically reported the highest odds of all tobacco use behaviors (ever use of cigarettes, current use of cigarettes, and current use of any tobacco product) as compared with girls who were not bullied after adjusting for covariates. Conversely, for boys, only the association between being bullied electronically only and ever use of cigarettes remained significant after adjusting for covariates. CONCLUSIONS Results from this study indicate that electronic bullying may differentially influence the odds of tobacco use in high school students as compared with bullying that occurs at school only. Confirmation of these findings could inform interventions to reduce both bullying and tobacco use in high school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen R Case
- University of Texas School of Public Health, Austin Regional Campus, 1616 Guadalupe Street, Suite 6.300, Austin, TX 78701.
| | - Maria Cooper
- University of Texas School of Public Health, Austin Regional Campus, 1616 Guadalupe Street, Suite 6.300, Austin, TX 78701.
| | - MeLisa Creamer
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Austin Regional Campus, 1616 Guadalupe Street, Suite 6.300, Austin, TX 78701.
| | - Dale Mantey
- University of Texas School of Public Health, Austin Regional Campus, 1616 Guadalupe Street, Suite 6.300, Austin, TX 78701.
| | - Steven Kelder
- UTSPH Austin Regional Campus, 1616 Guadalupe Street, Suite 6.300, Austin, TX 78701; Professor, Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Austin Regional Campus, 1616 Guadalupe Street, Suite 6.300, Austin, TX 78701.
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