1
|
Calcaterra V, Magenes VC, Basso M, Conte V, Maggioni G, Russo S, De Silvestri A, Fabiano V, Marrocco EA, Veggiotti P, Zuccotti G. Eating disorder risks and psychopathological distress in Italian high school adolescents. Ital J Pediatr 2024; 50:144. [PMID: 39113094 PMCID: PMC11304653 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-024-01717-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychopathological disorders are often comorbid diagnosis in eating disorders (EDs). We aimed to assess the presence of psychopathological traits and symptoms associated with EDs in an Italian high school adolescent population. METHODS A sample of high school adolescents was enrolled, and demographic and clinical data were collected. Two self-report questionnaires, the Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3) and the Questionnaire for the Assessment of Psychopathology in Adolescence (Q-PAD), were administered. RESULTS 548 adolescents (333 F/215 M; 16.89 ± 0.85 years) were included. Symptoms associated with EDs of clinical or high clinical concern were prevalent in a range of individuals, with percentages varying from 26.82% for body dissatisfaction to 51.83% for Interoceptive Deficits. The findings from the Q-PAD assessment indicated the presence of psychological distress, leading to discomfort or challenging situations requiring potential intervention in a percentage of adolescents ranging from 2.93% for psychosocial risks to 23.77% for anxiety. These percentages showed differences between genders (F > M, p < 0.001). Our study also highlighted an association between symptoms of EDs and lifestyle factors within families. We observed correlations between Q-PAD measures and EDI-3 scores, including a positive correlation between Q-PAD and EDI-3 body dissatisfaction (r = 0.7), Q-PAD interpersonal conflicts and EDI-3 interpersonal problems (r = 0.6) and a negative correlation between Q-PAD self-esteem and well-being and EDI-3 ineffectiveness Composite (r=-0.7). CONCLUSIONS a substantial prevalence of ED symptoms and psychological distress among high school adolescents were recorded. These conditions are interrelated, suggesting the importance of addressing them comprehensively. Early detection is essential to improve treatment outcomes and to implement preventive strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
- Pediatric Department, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, 20154, Italy
| | | | - Martina Basso
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit (UONPIA), ASST-Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, 20154, Italy
| | - Veronica Conte
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit (UONPIA), ASST-Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, 20154, Italy
| | - Giulia Maggioni
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit (UONPIA), ASST-Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, 20154, Italy
| | - Susanna Russo
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit (UONPIA), ASST-Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, 20154, Italy
| | - Annalisa De Silvestri
- Biometry & Clinical Epidemiology, Scientific Direction, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Valentina Fabiano
- Pediatric Department, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, 20154, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milano, 20157, Italy
| | | | - Pierangelo Veggiotti
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milano, 20157, Italy
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, 20154, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Department, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, 20154, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milano, 20157, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kremer S, Gerlach AL, Erbe D. Depression, Contraception, and Ambivalence Concerning Fertility. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2024; 53:2727-2736. [PMID: 38831232 PMCID: PMC11219453 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-024-02879-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Individuals suffering from depression exhibit a higher rate of unintended pregnancies, which are associated with negative outcomes for both parents and children. Often, unintended pregnancies result from contraceptive mistakes. Here, we examine the relationship between depression and the consistency of contraceptive behavior, testing ambivalence as a possible mediator. The analyses were based on cross-sectional data from the second and third waves of the German Relationship and Family Panel Pairfam. A German-speaking sample without children (N = 190; 117 female, 73 male), who reported not attempting to conceive or become pregnant during the last 12 months, was analyzed in comparison with a propensity score matched sample. Ambivalence was operationalized as the difference between the ideal and realistic number of children in wave 2. Data from wave 3 were used to assess contraceptive behavior. Depressed mood in wave 2 and consistency of contraceptive behavior in wave 3 were negatively correlated. After including ambivalence in wave 2 as a mediator in the model, the direct path between depressed mood and consistency of contraceptive behavior remained significant, with no significant mediation found. For men only, we observed a significant negative association of ambivalence with the consistency of contraceptive behavior in the last 3 months. No significant relationship was found between depressed mood and ambivalence. We conclude that future research aiming to better understand the consistency of contraceptive behavior should incorporate measures of ambivalence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sina Kremer
- Department of Psychology, University of Cologne, Pohligstr. 1, 50969, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander L Gerlach
- Department of Psychology, University of Cologne, Pohligstr. 1, 50969, Cologne, Germany
| | - Doris Erbe
- Department of Psychology, University of Cologne, Pohligstr. 1, 50969, Cologne, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Watson L, Haley D, Turpin R, Ma T, Nguyen QC, Mittal M, Dyer T. Exploring Psychosocial and Structural Syndemic Effects as Predictors of HIV Risk Behaviors Among Black Women (HPTN 064). J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2024; 33:816-826. [PMID: 38501235 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2023.0458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Syndemic models have been used in previous studies exploring HIV-related outcomes; however, these models do not fully consider intersecting psychosocial (e.g., substance use, depressive symptoms) and structural factors (unstable housing, concentrated housing vacancy) that influence the lived experiences of women. Therefore, there is a need to explore the syndemic effects of psychosocial and structural factors on HIV risk behaviors to better explain the multilevel factors shaping HIV disparities among black women. Methods: This analysis uses baseline data (May 2009-August 2010) from non-Hispanic black women enrolled in the HIV Prevention Trials Network 064 Women's Seroincidence Study (HPTN 064) and the American Community Survey 5-year estimates from 2007 to 2011. Three parameterizations of syndemic factors were applied in this analysis a cumulative syndemic index, three syndemic groups reflecting the level of influence (psychosocial syndemic group, participant-level structural syndemic group, and a neighborhood-level structural syndemic group), and syndemic factor groups. Clustered mixed effects log-binomial analyses measured the relationship of each syndemic parameterization on HIV risk behaviors in 1,347 black women enrolled in HPTN 064. Results: A higher syndemic score was significantly associated with increased prevalence of unknown HIV status of the last male sex partner (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) = 1.07, 95% confidence interval or CI 1.04-1.10), involvement in exchange sex (aPR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.14-1.20), and multiple sex partners (aPR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.06-1.09) in the last 6 months. A dose-response relationship was observed between the number of syndemic groups and HIV risk behaviors, therefore, being in multiple syndemic groups was significantly associated with increased prevalence of reporting HIV risk behaviors compared with being in one syndemic group. In addition, being in all three syndemic groups was associated with increased prevalence of unknown HIV status of the last male sex partner (aPR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.43-1.95) and multiple sex partners (aPR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.36-1.72). Conclusions: Findings highlight syndemic factors influence the lived experiences of black women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lakeshia Watson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Danielle Haley
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rodman Turpin
- Department of Global and Community Health, College of Public Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Tianzhou Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Quynh C Nguyen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Mona Mittal
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Typhanye Dyer
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Njau T, Mwakawanga DL, Sunguya B, Minja A, Kaaya S, Fekadu A. Perceived barriers and opportunities for implementing an integrated psychological intervention for depression in adolescents living with HIV in Tanzania. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:672. [PMID: 38807134 PMCID: PMC11134697 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-11118-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) have an increased risk of depression, negatively affecting their adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and treatment outcomes. Integrating mental health care in HIV care and treatment settings improves comprehensive care. However, integration remains challenging in Tanzania, like in other high-burden and low-resource settings. The overall objective of this work is to inform the development of a psychological intervention for depression in adolescents living with HIV (ALWHIV). We describe perceived barriers and opportunities for implementing an integrated, evidence-based psychological intervention to manage adolescent depression in HIV care and treatment centers (HIV-CTC) from the perspectives of adolescents, caregivers, and healthcare providers (HCPs) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. METHODS To inform intervention development and implementation, this study utilized a qualitative design through a phenomenological approach informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to explore implementation barriers and facilitators in ALWHIV, HCPs, and caregivers. Forty-five in-depth interviews were conducted in three HIV-CTCs in Kinondoni Dar es Salaam. Audio records were transcribed verbatim and analyzed deductively through NVIVO software. RESULTS Barriers to implementing an integrated psychological intervention to address depression in ALWHIV included (A) poor mental health awareness among caregivers, adolescents, HCPs, and policy-makers, (B) high level of stigma against mental health care, (C) poor communication between adolescents and HCPs concerning mental health care, (D) lack of contextualized intervention of proven effectiveness and guidelines of mental health care, and (E) inadequate mental health care supportive supervision and mentorship. Facilitators for implementation included supportive infrastructure, positive pressure from HIV implementing partners, tension for change, and participant's perception of the advantage of a psychological intervention as compared to just usual HIV care and treatment counseling. CONCLUSION Despite several modifiable barriers to implementing a psychological intervention in HIV CTC, there were encouraging facilitators and opportunities for implementing an integrated, evidence-based psychological intervention to address depression in ALWHIV in Kinondoni Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tasiana Njau
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam Tanzania, United Nations Road, Dar es Salaam, P.O Box 65001, Tanzania.
- Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Dorkasi L Mwakawanga
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Bruno Sunguya
- Department of Community Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Agape Minja
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam Tanzania, United Nations Road, Dar es Salaam, P.O Box 65001, Tanzania
| | - Sylvia Kaaya
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam Tanzania, United Nations Road, Dar es Salaam, P.O Box 65001, Tanzania
| | - Abebaw Fekadu
- Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Global Health & Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang Y, Wang H, Liu L, Mo X, He D, Chen X, Xiao R, Cheng Q, Fatima M, Du Y, Xie P. Maternal separation regulates sensitivity of stress-induced depression in mice by affecting hippocampal metabolism. Physiol Behav 2024; 279:114530. [PMID: 38552706 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Depression is a serious mental illness. Previous studies found that early life stress (ELS) plays a vital role in the onset and progression of depression. However, relevant studies have not yet been able to explain the specific effects of early stress on stress-induced depression sensitivity and individual behavior during growth. Therefore, we constructed a maternal separation (MS) model and administered chronic social frustration stress at different stages of their growth while conducting metabolomics analysis on the hippocampus of mice. Our results showed that the immobility time of mice in the forced swimming test was significantly reduced at the end of MS. Meanwhile, mice with MS experience significantly decreased total movement distance in the open field test and sucrose preference ratio in the sucrose preference test when subjected to chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) during adolescence. In adulthood, the results were the opposite. In addition, we found that level changes in metabolites such as Beta-alanine, l-aspartic acid, 2-aminoadipic acid, and Glycine are closely related to behavioral changes. These metabolites are mainly enriched in Pantothenate, CoA biosynthesis, and Beta Alanine metabolism pathways. Our experiment revealed that the effects of ELS vary across different age groups. It will increase an individual's sensitivity to depression when facing CSDS in adolescence, but it will reduce their sensitivity to depression when facing CSDS in adulthood. This may be achieved by regulating the hippocampus's Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis and Beta Alanine metabolism pathways represented by Beta-alanine, l-Aspartic acid, 2-aminoadipic acid, and Glycine metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangdong Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lanxiang Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Xiaolong Mo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Dian He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xueyi Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Faculty of Basic Medicine, Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Rui Xiao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Faculty of Basic Medicine, Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qisheng Cheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Madiha Fatima
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yamei Du
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Peng Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lawrence SE, Gower AL, Eadeh HM, Cardona-Correa C, Thomas D, Suresh M, María del Río-González A, Eisenberg ME. Exploring Bias-Based Bullying and Intersecting Social Positions as Correlates of Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Adolescents. LGBT Health 2023; 10:608-616. [PMID: 37358630 PMCID: PMC10712366 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2022.0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The current study extends the limited body of intersectional research on adolescents' sexual health by examining experiences of bias-based bullying and multiple intersecting social positions associated with engagement in sexual risk behaviors. Methods: Participants were 14,968 sexually active 9th and 11th grade students surveyed as part of the 2019 Minnesota Student Survey (15% lesbian/gay/bisexual/queer/pansexual/questioning [LGBQ] and/or transgender/gender diverse [TGD] or gender questioning). Exhaustive Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detection analysis was used to identify experiences (i.e., bias-based bullying victimization) and intersecting social positions (i.e., sexual orientation identity; gender identity/modality; race/ethnicity; physical disabilities/chronic illness; mental health/behavioral/emotional problems) associated with the highest prevalence of three sexual risk behaviors. Results: Overall, 18% of adolescents reported 3+ sex partners in the last year, 14% reported drug/alcohol use before last sex, and 36% reported not discussing protection from sexually transmitted infections with new sexual partners. Adolescents with 2+ marginalized social positions, some of whom also experienced bias-based bullying, were part of 53% of the highest prevalence risk groups. For example, 42% of Multiracial or Latina/x/o gender questioning adolescents who identified as LGBQ reported 3+ sex partners in the last year-twice the sample average. Adolescents who were Black, American Indian/Alaska Native, Latina/x/o, Multiracial, TGD, or gender questioning were in the highest prevalence nodes across all outcomes. Conclusion: Adolescents with multiple marginalized social positions and who experience bias-based bullying engage in high-risk sexual behaviors at higher-than-average rates. Findings underscore the importance of addressing intersecting experiences of stigma to reduce high-risk sex behaviors and promote health equity among adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E. Lawrence
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Amy L. Gower
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hana-May Eadeh
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Chris Cardona-Correa
- Department of General Pediatrics, Children's Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - De'Shay Thomas
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Malavika Suresh
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ana María del Río-González
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Marla E. Eisenberg
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bakhtiari A, Pasha H, Kashefi F, Nasiri-Amiri F, Bakouei F. Factors affecting students' attitudes towards reproductive health in the north of Iran: Designing an educational program. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1557. [PMID: 37587441 PMCID: PMC10428581 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16217-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is essential to empower young people to promote reproductive health (RH) and develop effective educational programs to prevent risky behaviors. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting students' attitudes towards RH based on the ecological model and then design an educational program. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 461 female students aged 18-29 in the north of Iran. This study was done in two stages. In the first stage, factors affecting the attitude towards RH including demographic questionnaire, interpersonal communication skills, family communication pattern, depression, stress and anxiety, body self-image, and self-confidence were determined. In the second stage, an educational program was designed based on the most effective factors. Independent t-test, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression were employed using SPSS version 20 software. Also, STATA version 15 software was utilized for statistical modeling to predict the best predictive model of attitude towards RH. RESULTS 47.7% of students had a good attitude toward RH. The majority of students had problems with interpersonal communication skills (60.7%). Also, 28.5% experienced depression, 35.8% anxiety, and 12.8% stress at different levels. More than a quarter of the students (26.5%) had poor body self-image and 18.7% had Undesirable self-esteem. Interpersonal skills (P = 0.002), family communication pattern (P = 0.004), stress (p = 0.019), anxiety (P = 0.001), and body self-image (P = 0.034) have a significant relationship with the attitude towards RH. The multiple regression showed that the most important effective factor on RH is the dialogue orientation of family communication pattern (P = 0.041), stress (P = 0.002), and anxiety (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Stress and anxiety management training and the use of dialogue orientation in the family communication pattern for young female students are recommended based on the scientific model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Bakhtiari
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hajar Pasha
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
- Population, Family and Spiritual Research Core, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Sciences, Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Kashefi
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nasiri-Amiri
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Bakouei
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran
- Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Anyanwu MU. Psychological distress in adolescents: prevalence and its relation to high-risk behaviors among secondary school students in Mbarara Municipality, Uganda. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:5. [PMID: 36624544 PMCID: PMC9830719 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01039-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological distress among adolescents negatively affects their academic performance, relationships with family and friends, and ability to participate fully in the community. Stressful life events in low-income countries and risk-taking behavior of adolescents have raised concerns regarding the impact of psychological distress among adolescents. Therefore, the present study estimated the prevalence of psychological distress and examined the high-risk behaviors associated with psychological distress among Ugandan adolescents. METHODS A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among secondary school students in Mbarara Municipality, Uganda. Multistage cluster sampling was used to recruit 921 adolescents from 12 schools. Psychological distress was assessed using the 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). Logistic regression was used with p-value estimating regression coefficient and 95% confidence interval for odds ratio and adjusted odds ratio (AOR). RESULTS The prevalence of psychological distress using the K10 was 57%. Logistic regression analyses showed that risky sexual behavior [AOR = 1.52; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-2.28], substance use (AOR = 2.06; 95% CI 1.49-2.84) were associated with psychological distress. Students in mixed schools (comprising both sexes) (AOR = 1.94; 95% CI 1.19-3.15) and adolescents with chronic illness (AOR = 1.68; 95% CI 1.18-2.38) were more likely to report psychological distress. CONCLUSION The prevalence of psychological distress among school-going adolescents is high. Risky sexual behavior, substance use as well as chronic illness were associated with psychological distress. In addition, the type of school was significantly associated with psychological distress. The findings suggest the need for policy makers and stakeholders in health and education sectors to institute measures that will address mental health issues among adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael U. Anyanwu
- grid.33440.300000 0001 0232 6272Department of Community Health, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Karle A, Agardh A, Larsson M, Arunda MO. Risky sexual behavior and self-rated mental health among young adults in Skåne, Sweden - a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:9. [PMID: 36597068 PMCID: PMC9808998 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14823-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risky sexual behavior is a public health challenge that significantly affects young people's health and well-being in Sweden and throughout the world. Moreover, poor mental health, anxiety and depression among adolescents and young adults have increased in recent years. However, although hypothesized, the associations between general mental health and risky sexual behavior among young adults are less established. Thus, this study aimed to examine the association between self-rated mental health and risky sexual behavior among young adults in southern Sweden. METHODS Population-based, cross-sectional survey data from 2968 participants aged 18-30 years old residing in southern Sweden was used (response rate 42%). The survey included questions on sexual behavior, alcohol habits, sociodemographic background, and mental health. Logistic regression was used to examine the associations between mental health, depression, anxiety, and risky sexual behavior, stratified by sex (gender). Indicators for risky sexual behavior included not using a condom, non-condom use with casual partner, and multiple (≥2) sexual partners during the last year. RESULTS Generally, male participants rated their depression and anxiety levels considerably lower than their female counterparts. Poor mental health, high depression, and high anxiety scores (levels) were significantly associated with having multiple sexual partners among among female participants; adjusted odds ratios (aOR) was 1.3 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.71). However, findings among males were not statistically significant. Furthermore, overall results indicated that higher depression and anxiety scores were associated with 1.4 and 1.6 higher odds, respectively, of not using condom with a casual partner in the most recent sexual encounter. Similarly, higher anxiety scores were associated with non-condom use in the latest sexual encounter, aOR 1.4 (1.1-1.7), but no significant gender-specific associations were found. CONCLUSION The associations found between poor mental health factors and multiple sex partners among females warrant consideration in future public health interventions. Further research to increase the understanding of the causal mechanisms that link mental health factors and risky sexual behavior, especially multiple sex partners, among young adult females is needed to support evidence-based interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Karle
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Social Medicine and Global Health, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anette Agardh
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Social Medicine and Global Health, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Markus Larsson
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Social Medicine and Global Health, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Malachi Ochieng Arunda
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Social Medicine and Global Health, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ramos-Olazagasti MA, Elkington KS, Wainberg ML, Feng T, Corbeil T, Canino GJ, Bird HR, Scorza P, Wildsmith E, Alegria M, Duarte CS. Does Context and Adversity Shape Sexual Behavior in Youth? Findings from Two Representative Samples of Puerto Rican Youth. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 52:217-231. [PMID: 36169776 PMCID: PMC9868044 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-022-02328-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sexual risk behaviors often co-occur. Understanding the heterogeneity in patterns of sexual behavior among youth and how context of majority and minoritized status may be related to these behaviors can inform targeted STIs/HIV interventions. Data are from the Boricua Youth Study, a longitudinal study of two probability samples of Puerto Rican youth recruited in the South Bronx (SBx) and the metropolitan area in Puerto Rico (PR). We identified patterns of sexual behaviors among young adults (ages 15-24) with sexual experience (N = 1,203) using latent class analysis. Analyses examined context differences and the prospective relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) (childhood maltreatment/violence, family/parental dysfunction) and patterns of sexual behaviors (age at first sex, number of sex partners, sex with a high-risk partner, condom use, sex while intoxicated, oral sex, anal sex). We identified five classes of sexual behaviors: (1) currently inactive (16.51%); (2) single partner, low activity (13.49%); (3) single partner, inconsistent condom use (32.19%); (4) single partner, sex without a condom (27.65%); and (5) multirisk (10.16%). Young adults from the SBx (minoritized context), those who identified as male, and those with higher child maltreatment/violence ACEs were more likely to be in the multi-risk class relative to the single partner, inconsistent condom use class. Those from the SBx were also more likely to be in the single partner, sex without condom class, relative to the single partner, inconsistent condom use class. Differences in young adults' patterns of sexual behaviors between the two contexts, one representing the minoritized context (SBx) contrasted to the majority context (PR), were not explained by ACEs. Findings highlight the heterogeneity in the patterns of sexual behaviors among Puerto Rican young adults as well as how such patterns vary based on sociocultural contexts. Exposure to child maltreatment/violence ACEs was related to the riskier patterns; however, they did not explain why riskier patterns of sexual behaviors were found in the SBx compared to PR. Results underscore the need for tailored interventions and more in-depth examination of differences across contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Ramos-Olazagasti
- Reproductive Health and Family Formation, Child Trends, 7315 Wisconsin Ave, Ste 1200W, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Katherine S Elkington
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Milton L Wainberg
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tianshu Feng
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Glorisa J Canino
- Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Hector R Bird
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pamela Scorza
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth Wildsmith
- Reproductive Health and Family Formation, Child Trends, 7315 Wisconsin Ave, Ste 1200W, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Margarita Alegria
- Disparities Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cristiane S Duarte
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shanaube K, Gachie T, Hoddinott G, Schaap A, Floyd S, Mainga T, Bond V, Hayes R, Fidler S, Ayles H. Depressive symptoms and HIV risk behaviours among adolescents enrolled in the HPTN071 (PopART) trial in Zambia and South Africa. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278291. [PMID: 36454874 PMCID: PMC9714741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health is a critical and neglected public health problem for adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. In this paper we aim to determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms and the association with HIV risk behaviours in adolescents aged 15-19 years in Zambia and SA. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey from August-November 2017 in seven control communities of HPTN 071 (PopART) trial (a community-randomised trial of universal HIV testing and treatment), enrolling approximately 1400 eligible adolescents. HIV-status was self-reported. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ), with a positive screen if adolescents scored ≥12. We fitted a logistic regression model to identify correlates of depressive symptoms with subgroup analyses among those who self-reported ever having had sex, by gender and country. RESULTS Out of 6997 households approached, 6057 (86.6%) were enumerated. 2546 adolescents were enumerated of whom 2120 (83.3%) consented to participate and were administered the SMFQ. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 584/2120 (27.6%) [95%CI: 25.7%-29.5%]. Adolescents in SA were less likely to experience depressive symptoms (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 0.63 (95% CI: 0.50, 0.79), p-value<0.0001). Female adolescents (AOR = 1.46 (95% CI: 1.19, 1.81), p-value<0.0001); those who reported ever having sex and being forced into sex (AOR = 1.80 (95% CI: 1.45, 2.23), p-value<0.001) and AOR = 1.67 (95% CI: 0.99, 2.84); p-value = 0.057 respectively) were more likely to experience depressive symptoms. Among 850 (40.1%) adolescents who self-reported to ever having had sex; those who used alcohol/drugs during their last sexual encounter were more likely to experience depressive symptoms (AOR = 2.18 (95% CI: 1.37, 3.47); p-value = 0.001), whereas those who reported using a condom were less likely to experience depressive symptoms (AOR = 0.74 (95% CI: 0.55, 1.00); p-value = 0.053). CONCLUSION The prevalence of depressive symptoms among adolescents ranged from 25-30% and was associated with increased HIV-risk behaviour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Gachie
- Zambart, Lusaka, Zambia
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme Hoddinott
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Albertus Schaap
- Zambart, Lusaka, Zambia
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sian Floyd
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Virginia Bond
- Zambart, Lusaka, Zambia
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Hayes
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Fidler
- Department of infectious disease, Imperial College, London, Imperial College NIHR BRC, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Ayles
- Zambart, Lusaka, Zambia
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kidman R, Breton E, Behrman J, Kohler HP. A prospective study on adverse childhood experiences and HIV-related risk among adolescents in Malawi. AIDS 2022; 36:2181-2189. [PMID: 36083145 PMCID: PMC9671836 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adverse childhood experiences have been robustly associated with poor sexual health in later life. In low-income countries, there is growing evidence that children experience greater adversity than those in higher income countries. Research suggests this may contribute to later sexual risk taking and HIV infection, though most studies to date have been cross-sectional. DESIGN We use longitudinal data on adolescents to examine the temporal relationship between adversity and HIV-related behavioral and biological outcomes. METHODS We interviewed 1878 adolescents living in Malawi in 2017-2018 (age 10-16) and again in 2021 (age 13-20). Adolescents completed the Adverse Childhood Experience - International Questionnaire. HIV-risk was assessed through both behavioral (e.g. condom use) and biological (HIV and herpes simplex virus 2 [HSV2] infection) outcomes. ordinary least squares (OLS) and logistic multivariate regression models are used to explore associations between adversity and HIV risk. RESULTS In longitudinal analyses, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) were significantly associated with intimate partner violence and girls' behavioral risk scores only. HIV incidence was too low to model; there were no significant associations with HSV2. In cross-sectional analyses, ACEs were additionally associated with an early sexual debut, lack of condom use, a greater number of sexual partnerships, and sexually transmitted infection symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our findings emphasize the importance of collecting prospective data: results from longitudinal and cross-sectional analyses drew qualitatively different conclusions. Cross-sectional analyses may not be accurate representations of longitudinal processes. However, they suggest that recent adversity and distress drives HIV-related behavior, perhaps more than early adversity. Interventions that combat emotional abuse or peer violence during adolescence could potentially reduce HIV risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Kidman
- Program in Public Health and Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine Stony Brook University (State University of New York), Stony Brook, New York
| | | | - Jere Behrman
- Departments of Economics and Sociology, Population Aging Research Center and Population Studies Center
| | - Hans-Peter Kohler
- Department of Sociology, Population Aging Research Center and Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Thapar A, Eyre O, Patel V, Brent D. Depression in young people. Lancet 2022; 400:617-631. [PMID: 35940184 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Depression rates in young people have risen sharply in the past decade, especially in females, which is of concern because adolescence is a period of rapid social, emotional, and cognitive development and key life transitions. Adverse outcomes associated with depression in young people include depression recurrence; the onset of other psychiatric disorders; and wider, protracted impairments in interpersonal, social, educational, and occupational functioning. Thus, prevention and early intervention for depression in young people are priorities. Preventive and early intervention strategies typically target predisposing factors, antecedents, and symptoms of depression. Young people who have a family history of depression, exposure to social stressors (eg, bullying, discordant relationships, or stressful life events), and belong to certain subgroups (eg, having a chronic physical health problem or being a sexual minority) are at especially high risk of depression. Clinical antecedents include depressive symptoms, anxiety, and irritability. Evidence favours indicated prevention and targeted prevention to universal prevention. Emerging school-based and community-based social interventions show some promise. Depression is highly heterogeneous; therefore, a stepwise treatment approach is recommended, starting with brief psychosocial interventions, then a specific psychological therapy, and then an antidepressant medication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Thapar
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Section, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Olga Eyre
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Section, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Vikram Patel
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Brent
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Regional and Sex Differences in the Prevalence and Correlates of Early Sexual Initiation Among Adolescents Aged 12-15 Years in 50 Countries. J Adolesc Health 2022; 70:607-616. [PMID: 34895994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the regional and sex differences in the prevalence of early sexual initiation and its correlates among school-going adolescents in 50 countries. METHODS We used data from the Global School-based Health Survey from 50 countries in 2009-2015 for 124,091 adolescents (53.5% girls) aged 12-15 years. Using meta-analysis with random effects, we estimated the prevalence of early sexual initiation (i.e., having first sexual intercourse at ≤14 years) by sex, region, and country income classification. Multilevel mixed-effect logistic regressions including a random intercept for countries were used to investigate the correlates of early sexual initiation. RESULTS Overall, 14.2% (95% confidence interval: 12.1-16.2) of adolescents aged 12-15 years had early sexual initiation, with boys reporting much higher than girls (19.7%, 16.9-22.5 vs. 8.9%, 7.6-10.3). The prevalence of early sexual initiation was the highest in the region of the Americas (18.4%, 15.2-21.5) and the lowest in the South-east Asia region (5.3%, 2.6-8.0). Adolescents from high-income and lower middle-income countries had the highest (19.5%, 13.5-25.5) and the lowest (7.3%, 5.5-9.0) prevalence, respectively. Older age, anxiety, loneliness, suicidal ideation, being bullied, physical fight, school truancy, smoking, drinking alcohol, illicit drug use, physical activity, and being overweight were associated with higher odds of early sexual initiation, whereas female sex, parental monitoring, and peer support were protective. There was little or no evidence of heterogeneity by sex and across regions for these associations. CONCLUSIONS Substantial differences in the prevalence are observed by sex and across regions for early sexual initiation among adolescents, whereas its correlates remain relatively similar when examined separately by these characteristics.
Collapse
|
15
|
Barrense-Dias Y, Bélanger RE, Desbiens F, Leatherdale ST, Haddad S. Understanding Sexual Health Indicators During Adolescence: A Study to Consider Time Since Sexual Debut When Exploring Multiple Sexual Partners. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2022; 51:1765-1772. [PMID: 35075599 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02207-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding risky sexual behaviors among adolescents is key in efforts devoted to reducing the health burden related to sexually transmitted infections and unintended or unplanned pregnancies. The aims of this study were to understand the association between number of lifetime sexual partners and time since sexual debut (TSSD) among adolescents and to determine whether sex modified this association. Data were drawn from the 2018-2019 COMPASS-Quebec study, a cohort study conducted in secondary schools in the province of Quebec, Canada. Of 18,467 respondents aged 14 years and older, 6991 (37.9%; mean age 15.3) reported consensual sexual intercourse and answered questions on their age at sexual initiation and number of lifetime sexual partners. Multilevel Poisson regressions with robust standard errors were estimated to adjust for covariates and produce adjusted group mean differences. The adjusted mean number of lifetime sexual partners ranged from 1.5 for those who had recently begun sexual activity (< 12 months) to 4.0 for those who had been active for > 35 months, an average rise of about 0.6 per year. Females-to-males adjusted mean differences showed that males reported more sexual partners than females at all time points, but the differences were only significant at the shorter (< 12 months) and longer (> 35 months) time spans. This study highlights the importance of taking into account TSSD when using and interpreting the number of lifetime sexual partners as risky sexual behavior among adolescents. Sex did not have a significant modifying effect on the relationship between number of lifetime sexual partners and TSSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yara Barrense-Dias
- Centre de Recherche Sur Les Soins Et Les Services de Première Ligne de L, Université Laval, 2525 Chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC, G1J 0A4, Canada.
| | - Richard E Bélanger
- Centre de Recherche Sur Les Soins Et Les Services de Première Ligne de L, Université Laval, 2525 Chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC, G1J 0A4, Canada
- Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé Et de Services Sociaux de La Capitale-Nationale, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - François Desbiens
- Centre de Recherche Sur Les Soins Et Les Services de Première Ligne de L, Université Laval, 2525 Chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC, G1J 0A4, Canada
- Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé Et de Services Sociaux de La Capitale-Nationale, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Slim Haddad
- Centre de Recherche Sur Les Soins Et Les Services de Première Ligne de L, Université Laval, 2525 Chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC, G1J 0A4, Canada
- Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé Et de Services Sociaux de La Capitale-Nationale, Québec, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Toffol E, Partonen T, Heikinheimo O, But A, Latvala A, Haukka J. Associations between use of psychotropic medications and use of hormonal contraception among girls and women aged 15-49 years in Finland: a nationwide, register-based, matched case-control study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e053837. [PMID: 35193911 PMCID: PMC8867378 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The relationship between the use of contraception and of psychiatric medications is understudied. We examined whether the current and past use of psychotropic medications is associated with the use and type of hormonal contraception (HC). DESIGN Nationwide register-based matched case-control study. SETTINGS All fertile-aged (15-49 years) girls and women living in Finland in 2017; data from several national registers. PARTICIPANTS 294 356 girls and women with a redeemed prescription of HC in 2017, and their same-sized control group of non-users (n=294 356) identified through the Prescription Centre. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Associations between the use of psychotropic medications and the use of HC, and the type of HC tested in logistic regression models. RESULTS Altogether 19.5% of the HC users, and 18% of the HC non-users received at least one prescription for a psychotropic medication in 2017. Among HC users, the proportions of occasional and regular users of psychotropic medications in 2013-2016 were 4.5% and 14.8%, while among HC non-users the respective figures were 4.3% and 14.6%, respectively. In multivariable logistic regression models both the use of psychotropic medications in 2017, and their occasional or regular use between 2013-2016 were associated with higher odds of HC use, although with small to very small effect sizes (ORs between 1.37 and 1.06 and 95% CIs 1.22 to 1.53, and 1.03 to 1.09, respectively). After adjustment for covariates, when fixed combinations of progestogens and oestrogens for systemic use was the reference category, women using almost any class of psychotropic medications had higher odds of using other types of HC. CONCLUSIONS Fertile-aged girls and women with current and past use of psychotropic medications have higher odds of using HC, with a specific pattern in the type of contraceptives used. Further research is warranted to examine whether our observations indicate a reduction of unwanted pregnancies in women with psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Toffol
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Partonen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Oskari Heikinheimo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Helsinki Faculty of Medicine and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna But
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Latvala
- Institute of Criminology and Legal Policy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Haukka
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Olmsted AE, Markham CM, Shegog R, Ugueto AM, Johnson EL, Peskin MF, Emery ST, Baker KA, Newlin EW. Feasibility and Acceptability of Technology-supported Sexual Health Education Among Adolescents Receiving Inpatient Psychiatric Care. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2022; 31:2050-2064. [PMID: 35221643 PMCID: PMC8857392 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-022-02259-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mental illness in adolescence is associated with high-risk sexual behaviors including multiple sex partners, infrequent or inconsistent condom use, and nonuse of contraception. Inpatient psychiatric care represents a promising setting to provide sexual health education. This pilot study investigates the feasibility and acceptability of online sexual health education in this group by assessing usability and impact on short-term psychosocial outcomes. We administered online modules on healthy relationships, pregnancy prevention, condom use, and sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention to youth. We evaluated outcomes using a single group, pre/post-intervention design. One quality improvement session assessed staff acceptability of the programming. Participants included 51 inpatients (mean age = 15.3; 61% female; 57% Hispanic or Latino; 55% heterosexual). Overall, the program was feasible to administer and highly acceptable to youth (84-89% liked the modules, 98-100% found them easy to use, 96-100% found them credible, 91-98% said information would lead to healthier dating relationships, and 78-87% would refer to a friend). Youth who completed modules demonstrated improvement in several outcomes: attitudes and norms towards violence (p < 0.001), intention to use a method of birth control other than condoms if having sex in the next 3 months (p < 0.001), condom knowledge (p < 0.001), condom use self-efficacy (p < 0.001), condom beliefs (p = 0.04), HIV/STI knowledge (p < 0.001), and perceived susceptibility to STI (p < 0.01). The quality improvement session revealed high acceptability by nursing staff on the unit. This intervention could be useful and efficacious in an inpatient setting and larger studies are warranted to understand its full impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison E. Olmsted
- The University of Texas Health Science Center, 7000 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Christine M. Markham
- The University of Texas Health Science Center, 7000 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Ross Shegog
- The University of Texas Health Science Center, 7000 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | | | | | - Melissa F. Peskin
- The University of Texas Health Science Center, 7000 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Susan T. Emery
- The University of Texas Health Science Center, 7000 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Kimberley A. Baker
- The University of Texas Health Science Center, 7000 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pozuelo JR, Desborough L, Stein A, Cipriani A. Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Depressive Symptoms and Risky Behaviors Among Adolescents in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 61:255-276. [PMID: 34015483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several studies conducted in high-income countries have found an association between depressive symptoms and risky behaviors among adolescents. Evidence from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where 90% of the world's adolescents live, remains scarce. This meta-analysis systematically reviewed evidence examining the association between depressive symptoms and risky behaviors among adolescents in LMICs. METHOD Fifteen electronic databases were searched for published or unpublished cohort and case-control studies about adolescents in LMICs. The primary outcome was the association (odds ratio [OR]) between depressive symptoms and risky sexual behavior and substance use. Secondary outcomes included delinquency, adverse school behavior, self-harm, and suicidal behavior. ORs from all studies were pooled using the random-effects model. Quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale, and strength of the overall body of evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation. RESULTS Searches yielded 31,148 potentially relevant studies. After screening, 33 studies were included in the systematic review, of which 30 comprised the meta-analysis. Studies encompassed 35,918 adolescents living in 17 LMICs: 5 from Africa, 7 from Asia, and 5 from Latin America and the Caribbean. Adolescents with depressive symptoms were more likely to engage in risky sexual behavior (OR 1.3 95% CI 1.1-1.5) and substance use (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.4-2.2) compared with nondepressed adolescents. Results for secondary outcomes showed a similar pattern, with higher delinquency (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.8-5.6), self-harm (OR 4.4, 95% CI 1.3-14.4), and suicidal behavior (OR 6.6, 95% CI 2.3-18.9) among adolescents with depression compared with healthy adolescents. CONCLUSION This study suggests that adolescents with depression in LMICs carry a double burden: depression and increased risk of engaging in risky behaviors. This combination may lead to further psychological and physical health problems that persist over the life course and may impose a health burden on society as a whole. Taken together, these findings highlight the urgent need for scalable and sustainable approaches to prevent and/or treat depression among adolescents in resource-poor settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ruiz Pozuelo
- University of Oxford, United Kingdom; MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Lucy Desborough
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Fulbourn Hospital, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Stein
- University of Oxford, United Kingdom; MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Andrea Cipriani
- University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Oxford Health National Health Service Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
A Longitudinal Investigation of Observed Adolescent Text-Based Sexting and Adjustment. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2021; 50:431-445. [PMID: 34519906 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-021-00850-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite strong concerns that sexting poses risks for adolescents' well-being, previous research finds mixed results. Moreover, these studies rely heavily on self-report measures and cross-sectional designs. This study utilizes observational methods to examine longitudinal relations between text-based sexting and both negative and positive indicators of psychosocial adjustment. An ethnically diverse sample of 197 adolescents was provided smartphones that captured their text messages across high school, from 2008-2012. Two, two-day samples of text messages from grades 9-12 were content-coded (468,201 total observations). Sexting was defined as sending and receiving text-based statements about past, present, or hypothetical sexual behaviors occurring between dyadic texting partners. Each year, adolescents reported on negative (internalizing, externalizing, and social problems; borderline personality features) and positive (life satisfaction, group belongingness, and positive self-perceptions) indicators of their psychosocial adjustment. Using concurrent and longitudinal multilevel models, greater sexting at one time point than one's average (within-person) was only associated with lower levels of group belongingness within the same year. For girls only, text-based sexting more than others on average (between-person) was related to increased externalizing symptoms and borderline personality disorder features, as well as decreased life satisfaction, group belongingness, self-perceived social competence, and global self-worth. No within-person differences by gender emerged, nor did longitudinal associations. Future studies and intervention efforts should examine when and why higher sexting might be related to psychosocial problems among girls.
Collapse
|
20
|
Rossouw J, Schwartz S, Rao A, Mcingana M, Young K, Hausler H, Baral S. Exploring the Association Between Depression and Social and Biobehavioral HIV Risk Factors Among Female Sex Workers in Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality, South Africa. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2021; 37:666-675. [PMID: 33472528 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2020.0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of depression among female sex workers (FSW) in an urban coastal city in South Africa, and to explore the relationship between depression and HIV-related social and biobehavioral determinants. A cross-sectional respondent-driven sampling study was conducted with FSW (n = 410), including a sociobehavioral questionnaire, PHQ-9 (Patient Health Questionnaire-9) based assessment of depression, and biological testing for HIV and syphilis. The prevalence of HIV in the sample was 64.1%. The estimated prevalence of depression was 28.8%. Depression was associated with social vulnerability such as living alone [adjusted prevalence ratio 1.82, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15-2.90] and food insecurity (aPR 2.19, 95% CI 1.42-3.38). A positive syphilis test result (aPR 1.46, 95% CI 1.02-2.09) and self-reported sexually transmitted disease symptoms (aPR 1.78, 95% CI 1.29-2.46) was associated with depression, but self-reported condom use and HIV status was not. FSW were also less likely to disclose their occupational status to health care providers (aPR 0.61, 95% CI 0.42-0.89) or undergo sexually transmitted infection screening in the last 12 months if they are depressed (aPR 0.64, 95% CI 0.43-0.95). The results demonstrate that the prevalence of depression is high among FSW and that depressive symptoms are associated with social covariates and biobehavioral HIV risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sheree Schwartz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amrita Rao
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | - Stefan Baral
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Risky sexual behaviour among Russian adolescents: association with internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2021; 15:40. [PMID: 34372880 PMCID: PMC8353740 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-021-00393-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risky sexual behaviour (RSB) is regarded as a major health problem during adolescence. Russia has one of the highest rates of teenage pregnancy, abortion and newly diagnosed HIV infections in the world, but research on RSB in Russian youth has been limited. To address this deficit, this study examined the role of several factors, including internalizing and externalizing symptoms, in RSB among Russian adolescents. METHODS Self-reported data were collected from 2573 Russian adolescents aged 13-17 years old (59.4 % girls; Mean age = 14.89) regarding RSB (unprotected sex, early pregnancy, multiple sexual partners and substance use during sexual encounters). Information was also obtained on externalizing (conduct problems and delinquent behaviour) and internalizing (depression, anxiety and posttraumatic stress) symptoms, as well as interpersonal risk and protective factors (affiliation with delinquent peers, parental involvement and teacher support). Hierarchical multiple binary logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations between these variables and RSB. RESULTS Boys reported engaging in more RSB than girls. Externalizing symptoms and affiliation with delinquent peers were most strongly associated with RSB, whereas symptoms of anxiety were negatively associated with RSB. There was an interaction effect for sex and affiliation with delinquent peers on RSB with boys reporting RSB when having more delinquent peers. Neither parental involvement nor teacher support were protective against RSB. CONCLUSIONS Early detection of and interventions for RSB and associated externalizing symptoms may be important for adolescent physical and mental wellbeing. Affiliation with delinquent peers should, especially among boys, be regarded as a risk marker for RSB.
Collapse
|
22
|
Ssewanyana D, Abubakar A, Mabrouk A, Kagonya VA, Nasambu C, Dzombo JT, Angwenyi V, Kabue M, Scerif G, Newton CR. The Occurrence of Sexual Risk Behaviors and Its Association With Psychological Well-Being Among Kenyan Adolescents. FRONTIERS IN REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2021; 3:659665. [PMID: 36303989 PMCID: PMC9580808 DOI: 10.3389/frph.2021.659665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Sexual risk behavior during adolescence is an important public health problem. Self-esteem and hopefulness are potentially important psychological factors that may play a role in the behavioral regulation mechanisms of adolescents. These factors are inadequately explored in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed at exploring patterns and associated factors for sexual risk behavior (SRB), self-esteem, and hopefulness among adolescents from a resource-poor setting in Kenya. Method: A cross-sectional study conducted in 2019 among 296 adolescents (12–17 years old) from rural Kilifi (n = 133) and urban informal settings of Nairobi (n = 163) in Kenya. Participants completed the Kilifi Health Risk Behavior Questionnaire, Rosenberg self-esteem questionnaire, and Hope scale administered via computerized tablets. A binary outcome variable based on the experience of adolescents of at least one of the five forms of SRB: transactional sex, sexual violence, intergenerational sex, early sexual debut, and condom non-use was generated. Bi-variate analysis was conducted to summarize various social-demographic and psychosocial factors. A multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to investigate factors associated with the occurrence of SRB, self-esteem, and hopefulness among adolescents. Results: About 13% of the participants had experienced a form of SRB, and among these, 36% reported co-occurrence of multiple forms of SRB. Adolescent SRB was largely characterized by having experienced sexual violence, as well as intergenerational and transactional sex. Higher scores of hopefulness were reported among adolescents who never experienced SRB (P = 0.03) at bivariate analysis level. However, both self-esteem and hopefulness were not significantly associated with the occurrence of SRB in the adjusted logistic regression analysis. Having depressive symptoms (Adj. OR = 3.8, 95% CI: 1.39–10.4), feeling unsafe in the neighborhood (Adj. OR = 3.4, 95% CI: 1.6–7.2), and being in higher compared with lower primary education level (Adj. OR = 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1–0.8) were statistically significantly associated with the occurrence of SRB. Conclusion: Targeted reproductive health interventions, designed with the cognizance of structural and social drivers of adolescent SRB, are needed to concurrently tackle multiple forms of SRB. It is important to integrate mental health promotion within these interventions. More research is needed to understand the mechanisms and implications of self-esteem and hopefulness for adolescent sexual and reproductive health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Ssewanyana
- Neuroassement Group, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kilifi, Kenya
- Alliance for Human Development, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Derrick Ssewanyana
| | - Amina Abubakar
- Neuroassement Group, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kilifi, Kenya
- Department of Public Health, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
- Institute for Human Development, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
- *Correspondence: Amina Abubakar
| | - Adam Mabrouk
- Neuroassement Group, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kilifi, Kenya
- Institute for Human Development, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Vincent A. Kagonya
- Neuroassement Group, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Carophine Nasambu
- Neuroassement Group, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Judith Tumaini Dzombo
- Neuroassement Group, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Vibian Angwenyi
- Institute for Human Development, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Margaret Kabue
- Institute for Human Development, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gaia Scerif
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Charles R. Newton
- Neuroassement Group, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kilifi, Kenya
- Department of Public Health, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
- Institute for Human Development, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jin Z, Cao W, Wang K, Meng X, Shen J, Guo Y, Gaoshan J, Liang X, Tang K. Mental health and risky sexual behaviors among Chinese college students: a large cross-sectional study. J Affect Disord 2021; 287:293-300. [PMID: 33812242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND College students are at-risk populations of mental health problems and risky sexual behaviors. However, little literature focuses on the association between mental health problems and risky sexual behaviors. Our study examined the association between mental health problems (depressive symptoms, suicide, and mental disorders) and risky sexual behaviors among a large sample of Chinese college students. METHODS A total of 49,728 Chinese college students (47.5% male) eventually participated in the analysis. A self-administered questionnaire was used to measure mental health, risky sexual behaviors (casual sex, no condom use at last sexual intercourse, group-sex, and a high number of sexual partners), and other sociodemographic characteristics. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between mental health and risky sexual behaviors. To ensure the data is representative of the nation's statistics, all analyses were weighed. RESULTS The prevalence of depressive symptoms, suicide ideation and suicide attempts, and mental disorders was 42.83%, 41.29%, and 7.74%, respectively. 26.13% of participants were sexually active in the previous twelve months. Nearly 35% of sexually active participants were engaged in risky sexual behaviors. Logistic regression results demonstrated that mental health problems were associated with risky sexual behaviors after adjusting confounders. LIMITATIONS cross-sectional analysis; The self-reported variables may be subject to recall bias and fraud. CONCLUSIONS There is a relatively high prevalence of mental health problems and risky sexual behaviors amongst Chinese college students. A significant association between mental health problems and risky sexual behaviors was suggested by our study. Our findings support the importance of advocating for mental and reproductive healthcare for college students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Jin
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, 30 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China; China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2 Sakura Garden East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Wenzhen Cao
- Department of Information Management, Peking University, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Kemerly Wang
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2 Sakura Garden East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xiangrui Meng
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, 30 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jiashu Shen
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, 30 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China; School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yueping Guo
- School of Journalism and Communication, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, 11 Changyu Street, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | | | - Xiao Liang
- China Family Planning Association, Beijing, China.
| | - Kun Tang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, 30 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nabunya P, Damulira C, Byansi W, Muwanga J, Bahar OS, Namuwonge F, Ighofose E, Brathwaite R, Tumwesige W, Ssewamala FM. Prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms among high school adolescent girls in southern Uganda. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1792. [PMID: 33238965 PMCID: PMC7689972 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09937-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), adolescent girls and young women are three times more likely than boys to have depressive disorders. Understanding adolescents’ unique and common vulnerabilities and protective factors is essential for the development of appropriate interventions and programming focused on child and adolescent mental health. This paper examines the prevalence and predictors of depressive symptoms among high school adolescent girls in southern Uganda. Methods Baseline data from a longitudinal cluster randomized study involving 1260 adolescent girls (14–17 years), recruited from 47 secondary schools were utilized. Depressive symptoms were estimated using the 21-item Beck’s Depression Inventory. Hierarchical linear regression modelling was utilized to estimate key predictors of depressive symptoms among adolescent girls. Results Of the total sample, 16.35% (n = 206) reported severe depressive symptoms and almost one in every three adolescent girls interviewed (29.68%, n = 374) reported moderate symptoms. These symptoms were more prevalent among older adolescents (16 years and above). In addition, family relationships, social support, as well as measures of psychological wellbeing (self-concept and self-esteem) were all associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms. Hopelessness was associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms among adolescent girls. Conclusion Findings from this study indicate a high prevalence of depressive symptoms, especially among older adolescent girls. In addition, family support factors and adolescents’ psychological wellbeing were associated with low levels of depressive symptoms –pointing to the need to strengthen family functioning and adolescent’s psychological wellbeing to mitigate risks. Taken together, findings support increasing calls for early screening and detection of depressive symptoms to facilitate timely referral to care and treatment. Findings may also inform the development and incorporation of gender-specific mental health components in programming targeting adolescent girls, in low-resource communities in SSA. Trial registration This trial was prospectively registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (registration number: NCT03307226) on 11 October 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Proscovia Nabunya
- Washington University in St. Louis, Brown School of Social Work, International Center for Child Health and Development (ICHAD), One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
| | - Christopher Damulira
- Washington University in St. Louis, Brown School of Social Work, International Center for Child Health and Development (ICHAD), One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - William Byansi
- Washington University in St. Louis, Brown School of Social Work, International Center for Child Health and Development (ICHAD), One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Joelynn Muwanga
- Washington University in St. Louis, Brown School of Social Work, International Center for Child Health and Development (ICHAD), One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Ozge Sensoy Bahar
- Washington University in St. Louis, Brown School of Social Work, International Center for Child Health and Development (ICHAD), One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Flavia Namuwonge
- Washington University in St. Louis, Brown School of Social Work, International Center for Child Health and Development (ICHAD), One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Eloho Ighofose
- Washington University in St. Louis, Brown School of Social Work, International Center for Child Health and Development (ICHAD), One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Rachel Brathwaite
- Washington University in St. Louis, Brown School of Social Work, International Center for Child Health and Development (ICHAD), One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Wilberforce Tumwesige
- Washington University in St. Louis, Brown School of Social Work, International Center for Child Health and Development (ICHAD), One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Fred M Ssewamala
- Washington University in St. Louis, Brown School of Social Work, International Center for Child Health and Development (ICHAD), One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Shrier LA, Burke PJ, Jonestrask C, Katz-Wise SL. Applying systems thinking and human-centered design to development of intervention implementation strategies: An example from adolescent health research. J Public Health Res 2020; 9:1746. [PMID: 33117757 PMCID: PMC7582103 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2020.1746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducing innovative health interventions into clinic settings requires a comprehensive and creative approach to multiple implementation challenges. To optimize implementation of a sexual and reproductive health intervention for young women with depression, we applied systems thinking and human-centered design thinking methods to develop tools and strategies to address issues influencing intervention implementation in diverse clinics. We recruited staff from three clinics that provide sexual and reproductive health and behavioral health care to young women. Across five sessions (four video conference calls, one in-person workshop), we used systems mapping to identify key stakeholders and their relationships, processes, and challenges to care; formed clinic staff-investigator design teams; brainstormed about challenges that would influence intervention implementation and considered potential solutions; prioritized implementation challenges; and designed prototypes of solutions. Participants responded positively to the systems thinking perspective and collaborative design thinking process. Findings included generalizable considerations about solving implementation challenges for clinic-based interventions, such as forming a team of champions representing the diverse disciplines involved in and impacted by intervention implementation, and creating multiple tools and strategies for implementation that can be tailored to a given clinic’s culture. Significance for public health Implementing innovative health interventions in clinic systems requires consideration of multiple human, environmental, and process factors. To develop implementation tools and strategies for a sexual and reproductive health intervention for young women with depression, we applied systems thinking to consider clinic system elements and their connections, and human-centered design to tackle challenges with intervention implementation by centering on the clinic staff who would be experiencing these challenges. Using this approach, the investigators and clinic staff efficiently and effectively identified implementation challenges in diverse clinic settings and designed tools and strategies to overcome these challenges. This form of investigator-clinic staff collaboration, attention to system factors, and focus on creative solutions can inform research and care around implementing novel interventions in established clinical systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia A Shrier
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital Boston, MA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School in Boston, Boston, MA
| | - Pamela J Burke
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital Boston, MA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School in Boston, Boston, MA.,Department of Nursing, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | | | - Sabra L Katz-Wise
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital Boston, MA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School in Boston, Boston, MA.,Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Project STRONG: an Online, Parent-Son Intervention for the Prevention of Dating Violence among Early Adolescent Boys. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2020; 22:193-204. [PMID: 32940857 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-020-01168-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite broad calls for prevention programs to reduce adolescent dating violence (DV), there is a dearth of programs designed specifically for males. In fact, there are no programs that capitalize on the importance of parents in modeling and influencing the choices their sons make in future romantic relationships. To address these gaps, this study assessed the initial feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of an online, parent-son intervention (STRONG) aimed at reducing DV among early adolescent males. One-hundred nineteen 7th- and 8th-grade boys were recruited, with a parent (90% mothers), from six urban middle schools in the Providence, RI area. Dyads were randomized to either STRONG or a waitlist comparison group. STRONG targets three primary constructs: relationship health knowledge, emotion regulation, and communication. Families randomized to the waitlist were nearly twice as likely at 3 months (OR = 1.92 [0.43-8.60]) and nearly 7 times as likely at 9 months (OR = 6.76 [0.66-69.59]) to endorse any form of DV perpetration (physical, sexual, verbal/emotional) when compared with STRONG families. STRONG also had positive effects on teens' attitudes toward dealing with DV, their emotional awareness, and their short-term regulation skills and was associated with increased discussion of critical relationship topics. Pilot outcomes indicate that an online DV prevention program designed to engage early adolescent boys and parents is both acceptable and engaging. Findings show promise for reducing DV behaviors and theory-driven mediators. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03109184.
Collapse
|
27
|
Logie CH, Wang Y, Lalor P, Williams D, Levermore K, Sherman SG. Exploring associations between place of sex work and HIV vulnerabilities among sex workers in Jamaica. Int J STD AIDS 2020; 31:1186-1194. [PMID: 32928052 DOI: 10.1177/0956462420948408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sex workers' work environment shapes HIV transmission dynamics. We applied the Structural HIV Determinants Framework to examine associations between the work environment of public spaces and HIV infection risks among sex workers in Jamaica, considering macro-structural (police harassment) and intrapersonal (depression) pathways. We implemented a cross-sectional survey with sex workers in Kingston, Ocho Rios, Montego Bay, and nearby towns in Jamaica. We conducted structural equation modeling to examine direct and indirect associations between place of sex work on HIV serostatus via mediators of police harassment and depression. Results indicate that public place of sex work had a significant indirect effect on self-reported HIV-positive serostatus; depression and police harassment mediated this relationship. Findings suggest that in contexts of criminalization, the sex work environment can elevate exposure to police violence and depression, in turn increasing HIV vulnerabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen H Logie
- Factor-Iwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ying Wang
- Factor-Iwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Susan G Sherman
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
The shadow of context: Neighborhood and school socioeconomic disadvantage, perceived social integration, and the mental and behavioral health of adolescents. Health Place 2020; 66:102425. [PMID: 32911129 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The number of youths who experience mental distress has been increasing over the past years. Adolescents with mental health problems also show high rates of co-occurring substance-related behaviors such as illicit drug use. This study leverages large-scale and nationally representative Add Health data to evaluate whether the risks conferred by neighborhood and school socioeconomic disadvantages adversely impact adolescents' mental and behavioral health (i.e., depressive symptoms and illicit drug use). We further investigate whether levels of perceived social support from friends, parents, and teachers moderate the associations between contextual disadvantages and adolescents' mental and behavioral outcomes. Results from cross-classified multilevel modeling analysis suggest that neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantages, and to a lesser degree, school socioeconomic disadvantages, uniquely and simultaneously predict mental and behavioral outcomes of adolescents. Although social support is likely to offset the mental and behavioral consequences of disadvantaged social context to all, high levels of social support is most protective for adolescents of least disadvantaged neighborhoods. This study highlights the possibility that structural disadvantage- within both the school and neighborhood contexts-may adversely impact adolescents' mental well-being and increase their risk for illicit drug use.
Collapse
|
29
|
Gazendam N, Cleverley K, King N, Pickett W, Phillips SP. Individual and social determinants of early sexual activity: A study of gender-based differences using the 2018 Canadian Health Behaviour in School-aged Children Study (HBSC). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238515. [PMID: 32881922 PMCID: PMC7470420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Early sexual activity, often defined as initiation before the age of 16, is a risk behaviour associated with negative health outcomes in adulthood. The objective of this study was to explore links between early sexual activity and individual and contextual characteristics in Canadian youth, and whether these differ for girls and boys. Methods Data were from the 2018 Canadian Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey administered in classrooms across Canada to students in grades 6 to 10 (ages 11 to 16). The sample includes the 7882 students in grades 9 and 10 who were asked about sexual activity. Individual and contextual measures used included emotional well-being, socioeconomic status, participation in team sports, body image, social media use, family structure, and family support. Descriptive data overall and separately for girls and boys are presented, followed by Poisson regression models to estimate relative risks and associated 95% confidence intervals for strength of associations between characteristics and early sexual activity. Models were adjusted for clustering by school using generalised estimating equations. Results Overall, contextual factors i.e. disrupted family structure or low family support were the characteristics most strongly associated with early sexual activity. Among boys there was an incremental and strong relationship between hours spent in organised sport and early sexual activity. Among girls, poorer body image, lower socioeconomic status, and higher social media use aligned most strongly with early sexual activity. Conclusion Persistent gender stereotypes appear to underlie differences in individual and contextual factors associated with adolescents’ sexual behaviour. Findings from this exploratory analysis may be of benefit to subsequent researchers, policy makers and those who care for youth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Gazendam
- Department of Family Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathryn Cleverley
- Department of Family Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nathan King
- Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - William Pickett
- Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan P. Phillips
- Department of Family Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Joppa MC. Dating Violence in Adolescence: Implications for Girls' Sexual Health. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2020; 33:332-338. [PMID: 32087402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents in the United States are too often involved in relationships characterized by coercion and violence. An emerging body of research suggests that dating violence is linked with other health risks in adolescent relationships, particularly sexual risk behavior. The confluence of risks conferred by dating violence and sexual risk behavior are particularly acute for adolescent girls. Adolescent gynecology providers need to understand the nature of dating violence in adolescence and the ways in which dating violence and sexual risk behavior are mutually influential. This article reviews the literature on the links between dating violence and sexual risk in adolescent girls' relationships. The prevalence, risk factors, and consequences of dating violence in adolescence are discussed, followed by a review of the research linking dating violence and sexual risk, with a focus on common mechanisms underlying these relationship risk behaviors. The review concludes with implications for screening, prevention, intervention, and future directions for research.
Collapse
|
31
|
Tymofiyeva O, Zhou VX, Lee CM, Xu D, Hess CP, Yang TT. MRI Insights Into Adolescent Neurocircuitry-A Vision for the Future. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:237. [PMID: 32733218 PMCID: PMC7359264 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is the time of onset of many psychiatric disorders. Half of pediatric patients present with comorbid psychiatric disorders that complicate both their medical and psychiatric care. Currently, diagnosis and treatment decisions are based on symptoms. The field urgently needs brain-based diagnosis and personalized care. Neuroimaging can shed light on how aberrations in brain circuits might underlie psychiatric disorders and their development in adolescents. In this perspective article, we summarize recent MRI literature that provides insights into development of psychiatric disorders in adolescents. We specifically focus on studies of brain structural and functional connectivity. Ninety-six included studies demonstrate the potential of MRI to assess psychiatrically relevant constructs, diagnose psychiatric disorders, predict their development or predict response to treatment. Limitations of the included studies are discussed, and recommendations for future research are offered. We also present a vision for the role that neuroimaging may play in pediatrics and primary care in the future: a routine neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric imaging (NPPI) protocol for adolescent patients, which would include a 30-min brain scan, a quality control and safety read of the scan, followed by computer-based calculation of the structural and functional brain network metrics that can be compared to the normative data by the pediatrician. We also perform a cost-benefit analysis to support this vision and provide a roadmap of the steps required for this vision to be implemented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Tymofiyeva
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Vivian X Zhou
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Chuan-Mei Lee
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Clinical Excellence Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Duan Xu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Christopher P Hess
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Tony T Yang
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
REThink Online Video Game for Children and Adolescents: Effects on State Anxiety and Frontal Alpha Asymmetry. Int J Cogn Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41811-020-00077-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
33
|
Comins CA, Rucinski KB, Baral S, Abebe SA, Mulu A, Schwartz SR. Vulnerability profiles and prevalence of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections among adolescent girls and young women in Ethiopia: A latent class analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232598. [PMID: 32407394 PMCID: PMC7224533 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) aged 15–24 years have among the highest risk for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STI) across sub-Saharan Africa. A latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted to identify intersecting social- and structural-level determinants of HIV/STI acquisition among AGYW in Ethiopia. Methods AGYW were recruited from venues using time-location sampling, completing an interviewer-administered behavioral survey and biological testing for HIV, syphilis, and chlamydia. LCA was used to identify distinct groups, defined by social- and structural-level determinants of HIV/STI risk, among AGYW. Prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) compared differences in HIV/STI prevalence by group. Results A total of 1,501 AGYW were enrolled across Addis Ababa (March–May 2018) and Gambella (June–July 2019). We identified three patterns of vulnerability defined by schooling status, migration history, food insecurity, orphan status, social support, and employment. We labeled these groups as “highly vulnerable” (representing ~21% of the population), “stable, out-of-school, migrated” (~42%), and “stable, in-school, never migrated” (~37%). STI prevalence was nearly two-fold higher among AGYW in the “highly vulnerable” group compared to AGYW in the “stable, in-school, never migrated” group (PR 1.93; 95% CI 1.33, 2.80). Conclusions Characterizing patterns of vulnerability among AGYW that reflect higher-level social and structural factors can help facilitate early identification of AGYW at the highest risk of HIV/STI acquisition, thus differentiating groups of AGYW who may most benefit from targeted HIV prevention interventions during adolescence and early adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carly A. Comins
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Katherine B. Rucinski
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Stefan Baral
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | | | | | - Sheree R. Schwartz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Welsh JW, Mataczynski M, Sarvey DB, Zoltani JE. Management of Complex Co-occurring Psychiatric Disorders and High-Risk Behaviors in Adolescence. FOCUS (AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING) 2020; 18:139-149. [PMID: 33162851 PMCID: PMC7587883 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.20190038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents often present to treatment with multiple psychiatric diagnoses. The presence of certain co-occurring mental health conditions can significantly affect an individual's treatment course. Adolescence is also a time of developmentally appropriate risk taking and experimenting with novel behaviors. Difficulties in accurate diagnosis and lack of effective treatment options create obstacles to helping this vulnerable patient population. Appropriate management of adolescents' complex symptoms and high-risk behaviors during a developmentally sensitive period can be challenging, even for the most skilled of clinicians. This article focuses on the assessment and management of complex, co-occurring psychiatric disorders during adolescence, with specific guidance on how to manage high-risk behaviors, such as self-harm and suicidality. Controversial topics, including antidepressants and youth suicide risk, as well as "off-label" use of mood stabilizers and antipsychotics, are also reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justine W Welsh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Welsh and Mataczynski); Adolescent Acute Residential Treatment, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts (Sarvey); Yale New Haven Psychiatric Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (Zoltani)
| | - Maggie Mataczynski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Welsh and Mataczynski); Adolescent Acute Residential Treatment, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts (Sarvey); Yale New Haven Psychiatric Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (Zoltani)
| | - Dana B Sarvey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Welsh and Mataczynski); Adolescent Acute Residential Treatment, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts (Sarvey); Yale New Haven Psychiatric Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (Zoltani)
| | - Jessica E Zoltani
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Welsh and Mataczynski); Adolescent Acute Residential Treatment, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts (Sarvey); Yale New Haven Psychiatric Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (Zoltani)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Pinquart M, Pfeiffer JP. Longitudinal Associations of the Attainment of Developmental Tasks With Psychological Symptoms in Adolescence: A Meta-Analysis. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2020; 30 Suppl 1:4-14. [PMID: 30367691 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present meta-analysis integrates results from 310 longitudinal studies on associations of the attainment of 10 developmental tasks with psychological symptoms (e.g., internalizing or externalizing symptoms, anxiety, and depression). Higher initial success with getting access to a peer group, building friendships, preparing for a future career, body acceptance, as well as developing a personal identity, a value system, and socially responsible behavior predicted lower levels of symptoms at follow-up and stronger declines of symptoms over time when controlling for initial symptom levels. Furthermore, higher initial symptom levels predicted lower attainment of these tasks at follow-up as well as lower progress in task attainment. In contrast, more initial romantic/sexual involvement predicted an increase in symptoms over time, while higher initial symptoms were related to an increase in romantic/sexual involvement. Associations with autonomy varied between different forms of autonomy, while acquisition of a gender role was not related with psychological symptoms.
Collapse
|
36
|
Shrier LA, Burke PJ, Parker S, Edwards R, Jonestrask C, Pluhar E, Harris SK. Development and pilot testing of a counseling-plus-mHealth intervention to reduce risk for pregnancy and sexually transmitted infection in young women with depression. Mhealth 2020; 6:17. [PMID: 32270009 PMCID: PMC7136654 DOI: 10.21037/mhealth.2019.11.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressed young women have elevated rates of unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The objective of this study was to develop and pilot-test a counseling-plus-mHealth intervention to reduce sexual and reproductive health (SRH) risk in young women with depressive symptoms. METHODS Using the Behavior-Determinants-Intervention logic model, we developed the Momentary Affect Regulation-Safer Sex Intervention (MARSSI) to address the challenges that depression imposes on SRH risk reduction efforts of high-risk young women: (I) in-person counseling using motivational interviewing (MI) to elicit motivation for safer sex and develop a behavior change plan, and teaching cognitive-behavioral skills to manage negative thoughts and affective states; (II) 4-week Ecological Momentary Intervention (EMI) on a smartphone to report momentary phenomena related to depression and SRH risk, and receive personalized, tailored messages prompting healthy behaviors and encouraging cognitive-behavioral skill use when risk-related cognitions and negative affect are reported; and (III) booster counseling to review behavior change goals and plans and teach a new cognitive-behavioral skill. We developed the counseling through iterative interviews with 11 participants and developed the EMI through a 2-week trial with three participants, then revised MARSSI to reflect participant feedback. We next conducted a pilot-test among depressed, high-risk female adolescent clinic patients age 15-24. Pilot participants completed mental health, motivation to change behavior, and SRH behavior assessments and provided feedback at baseline, post-EMI, and at 3-month follow-up. We analyzed participant retention, counseling duration, app engagement, intervention quality ratings, and participant feedback, and compared mental health and SRH risk behavior across the study. RESULTS Seventeen participants completed the initial counseling session, 15 participated in the EMI, 14 returned for the booster session, and 14 completed the 3-month follow-up. App engagement was high for all 4 EMI weeks (≥1 report/day for median ≥6 days/week). Post-intervention, most or all participants agreed with each positive statement about the messages, reported "Excellent" MARSSI usefulness, and attributed improvements to MARSSI. Compared to baseline, post-EMI depressive symptoms, confidence to change self-selected risk behavior, and confidence to use the cognitive restructuring skill improved. At 3 months, depressive symptom scores remained lower and confidence to use cognitive restructuring remained higher, compared to baseline. Participants also reported lower frequency of sex, lower proportion of condom-unprotected sex events, and, among those using effective contraception, more consistent condom use at 3-month follow-up vs. baseline. CONCLUSIONS MARSSI was feasible, acceptable, and engaging to young women with depression and SRH risk behavior, and was associated with increased confidence to reduce SRH risk, decreased SRH risk behaviors, increased confidence to use cognitive restructuring, and decreased depressive symptoms over 3 months. Future research is warranted to evaluate MARSSI's efficacy to improve motivation, skills, affect, and behaviors, as well as reproductive health outcomes in high-risk depressed young women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia A. Shrier
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pamela J. Burke
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- School of Nursing, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah Parker
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rori Edwards
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cassandra Jonestrask
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily Pluhar
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sion Kim Harris
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kim YK, Yu M, Cronley C, Yang M. Peer victimization, depression, and sexual risk behaviors among high school youth in the United States: a gender-based approach. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2019; 34:/j/ijamh.ahead-of-print/ijamh-2019-0139/ijamh-2019-0139.xml. [PMID: 31855564 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2019-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives Little research has examined how different types of peer victimization (i.e. school bullying, cyber-bullying, and physical and sexual dating violence) predict sexual risk behaviors and how depression may mediate the relationship of such behaviors with types of peer victimization. Few works have investigated gender differences in these direct and indirect associations as well. This study, therefore, examined gender differences in the direct and indirect associations among four types of peer victimization, depression, and sexual risk behaviors in United States (US) high school students. Materials and methods Data were drawn from the 2015 Youth Risk Behavior System Survey, collected by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. A multigroup path analysis was conducted using a national sample of high school students who reported having ever engaged in sexual intercourse (n = 5,288). Results All the peer victimization variables positively predicted depressive symptoms for both females and males. The direct effects of physical and sexual dating violence were associated with increased sexual risk behaviors for females and males. However, school-bullying victimization did not significantly predict sexual risk behaviors for either gender. Cyber-bullying victimization significantly predicted increased sexual risk behaviors for males only. Among indirect effects, depression positively mediated the relationship between cyber-bullying victimization and sexual risk behaviors for males only. Conclusions Our findings suggest that male adolescents who are victimized may actually be at higher risk of negative outcomes compared to their female adolescent peers. This study highlights the need to pay attention to male victims who may be ashamed to self-identify and difficult to detect in cyber-bullying.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youn Kyoung Kim
- Louisiana State University, School of Social Work, Baton Rouge, LA, USA, Phone: +225-578-1019
| | - Mansoo Yu
- University of Missouri, School of Social Work, Department of Public Health, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Courtney Cronley
- University of Tennessee Knoxville, College of Social Work, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Miyoun Yang
- Louisiana State University, School of Social Work, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Fredkove WM, Gower AL, Sieving RE. Association Among Internal Assets, Bullying, and Emotional Distress in Eighth Grade Students. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2019; 89:883-889. [PMID: 31578725 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents are in a unique developmental stage, ideal for initiating healthy behaviors and benefiting from health promotion interventions. In this study, we used positive youth development and resilience frameworks, to investigate the role of internal assets as a protective factor for bullying and emotional distress among early adolescents, with attention to whether those associations vary by sex. METHODS This is a secondary analysis of the 2013 Minnesota Student Survey, a cross-sectional, population-based survey of Minnesota youth. Participating eighth grade students (N = 42,841) reported on internal assets, physical, relational and cyberbullying involvement, and emotional distress. RESULTS Logistic regression analyses, stratified by sex and controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, revealed that students with higher internal assets had lower odds of all forms of bullying victimization and perpetration than those with lower internal assets. Higher levels of internal assets were also associated with lower odds of emotional distress. All associations were significant for boys and girls, but appeared stronger for girls. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that internal assets may buffer young teens from bullying and from the emotional distress that may result from bullying involvement. Approaches bolstering internal assets may be beneficial for combating bullying and emotional distress during early adolescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Windy M Fredkove
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55414
| | - Amy L Gower
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55414
| | - Renee E Sieving
- School of Nursing & Department of Pediatrics, Director, Center for Adolescent Nursing, Director, Healthy Youth Development - Prevention Research Center, University of Minnesota School of Nursing, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Foley JD, Vanable PA, Brown LK, Carey MP, DiClemente RJ, Romer D, Valois RF. Depressive symptoms as a longitudinal predictor of sexual risk behaviors among African-American adolescents. Health Psychol 2019; 38:1001-1009. [PMID: 31380687 PMCID: PMC6800787 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Understanding individual level factors associated with sexual risk behaviors among African-American adolescents remains an important public health priority. The current secondary data analysis examined the longitudinal association between a baseline assessment of depressive symptoms and sexual risk behaviors reported 6 months later; the purpose was to determine whether the association of depressive symptoms to risky sex varies as a function of gender. A secondary aim was to examine self-efficacy for sex refusal and condom use assessed at a 3-month follow-up as mediators of the depressive symptoms-sexual risk relationship. METHODS The sample consisted of 782 sexually active African-American adolescents (Mage = 15.3 years, SD = 1.08; 54% female) recruited to participate in a sexual health intervention trial. Data analyses focused on vaginal sex, and outcomes included: (a) sexual activity with 2 or more partners in the previous 3 months; (b) the relative frequency of condom use in the previous 3 months; (c) noncondom use at last occasion of sex; and (d) positive sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening. RESULTS Depressive symptoms predicted sex with 2 more partners for female participants, but no other risk markers for the sample as a whole. However, there was a significant indirect effect of depressive symptoms on condomless sex via decreased condom use self-efficacy for both male and female adolescents. CONCLUSIONS These findings have important implications for HIV/STI prevention, in which behavioral interventions may benefit from modules that include a focus on the influence of mood on self-efficacy for safer sex practices. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
40
|
National Referral and Treatment Patterns Among Mental Health Pediatric Primary Care Visits. ADMINISTRATION AND POLICY IN MENTAL HEALTH AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 2019; 47:86-93. [PMID: 31542836 DOI: 10.1007/s10488-019-00972-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The current study explored factors that predict referral from pediatric primary care to mental health specialty care among a nationally representative sample of visits (N = 2056). Results of a logistic regression indicated that patient visits that included rarer/serious diagnoses (e.g., bipolar disorder) were more likely to receive a referral in comparison to those with ADHD (OR = 4.75, SE = 1.37). Other characteristics associated with increased likelihood of referral were those with comorbid mental health conditions (OR = 2.20, SE = 0.84) and those from a metropolitan area (OR = 2.23, SE = 0.75). Implications are discussed.
Collapse
|
41
|
Gender and Race Informed Pathways From Childhood Sexual Abuse to Sexually Transmitted Infections: A Moderated Mediation Analysis Using Nationally Representative Data. J Adolesc Health 2019; 65:267-273. [PMID: 31043345 PMCID: PMC7962873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although data suggest child sexual abuse is linked with increased risk of contracting asexually transmitted infection (STI), the mechanisms through which these experiences are connected remain understudied. Moreover, there is a need to explore how race/ethnicity and gender influence these processes. METHODS The present study examined the mediational pathways from child sexual abuse to risky sexual behavior to STIs and further evaluated the role of depressive symptomatology and nonmedical prescription drug use on the relationship between child sexual abuse and risky sexual behavior. In addition, race and gender were examined as moderators to account for potential different effects of these mechanisms on females and males and on different racial and ethnic groups. A nationally representative sample of 4,181 youth from the Add Health dataset was used. RESULTS Results from a moderated mediation model indicated risky sexual behavior partially mediated the pathway from child sexual abuse to STI contraction and depressive symptomatology and nonmedical prescription drug use partially mediated pathway from child sexual abuse to risky sexual behavior. Race and gender moderated the relationship between risky sexual behavior and STI contraction. CONCLUSIONS Findings underscore the need for STI prevention efforts among adolescents to focus on risk factors beyond risky sexual behaviors, such as childhood sexual abuse and mental health screening that includes depressive symptomatology and nonmedical prescription drug use. In addition, findings emphasize the need to further examine the different effects on different racial/ethnic and gender subgroups, particularly black women.
Collapse
|
42
|
Adan Sanchez AY, McMillan E, Bhaduri A, Pehlivan N, Monson K, Badcock P, Thompson K, Killackey E, Chanen A, O'Donoghue B. High-risk sexual behaviour in young people with mental health disorders. Early Interv Psychiatry 2019; 13:867-873. [PMID: 29920952 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to determine the prevalence of high-risk sexual behaviours, sequelae and associated factors in young people attending a youth mental health service. METHODS The study design was a cross-sectional survey of 103 young people aged between 15-25 years carried out across four specialist mental health clinics. A questionnaire on the sexual health of secondary level students was adapted for this study. Mental health symptomatology was assessed through the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). RESULTS The mean age was 20.9 (SD ±2.8) years, with 50.5% being female, 41.7% male and 7.7% transgender. A total of 52.4% (N = 54) attended the psychosis [EPPIC] clinic; 15.6% (N = 16) attended the ultra-high risk for psychosis [PACE] clinic; 19.4% (N = 20) attended the personality disorders [HYPE] clinic; and 12.6% (N = 13) attended the mood clinic [YMC]. The mean BPRS score was 47.7 (SD ±12.2). A total of 77.7% of young people had previously been sexually active and of these, 37.5% did not use consistent contraception; 26.3% had been pregnant, of which 95.2% were unplanned. A total of 68.8% reported having been tested for sexually transmitted infections and 25.5% tested positive. The severity of symptoms or clinical characteristics were not associated with engagement in high-risk sexual behaviours. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that young people with mental health disorders have high needs in regard to their sexual health, which could be addressed by incorporating sexual health referral pathways into early intervention services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asiel Yair Adan Sanchez
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth McMillan
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amit Bhaduri
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Orygen Youth Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Paul Badcock
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine Thompson
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eoin Killackey
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Chanen
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Orygen Youth Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brian O'Donoghue
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Orygen Youth Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Gonçalves SF, Chaplin TM, Turpyn CC, Niehaus CE, Curby TW, Sinha R, Ansell EB. Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Predict Depressive Symptom Trajectory from Early to Middle Adolescence. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2019; 50:618-630. [PMID: 30689145 PMCID: PMC6589375 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-019-00867-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder begins to increase in early adolescence and is associated with significant impairment (e.g., suicidality). Difficulties in emotion regulation (ER) have been associated with depressive symptoms; however, little research has examined this relation over time beginning in early adolescence. Starting when they were 11-14 years old, 246 adolescents (nboys = 126; nwhite = 158) completed self-report questionnaires on their ER at Time 1 and depressive symptoms every year for 2 years. Results revealed that overall difficulties in ER (and limited access to ER strategies) at Time 1 predicted depressive symptoms both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Gender moderated this relation cross-sectionally, such that higher overall ER difficulties at Time 1 was more strongly associated with higher depressive symptoms for girls than for boys. These findings suggest that depression prevention efforts should promote adaptive ER in early adolescence, particularly for girls, in order to prevent the increases in depressive symptoms seen into middle adolescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie F. Gonçalves
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, 22030, United States
| | - Tara M. Chaplin
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, 22030, United States
| | - Caitlin C. Turpyn
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, 22030, United States
| | - Claire E. Niehaus
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, 22030, United States
| | - Timothy W. Curby
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, 22030, United States
| | - Rajita Sinha
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06519, United States
| | - Emily B. Ansell
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, 13244, United States
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ghobadzadeh M, McMorris BJ, Sieving RE, Porta CM, Brady SS. Relationships Between Adolescent Stress, Depressive Symptoms, and Sexual Risk Behavior in Young Adulthood: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis. J Pediatr Health Care 2019; 33:394-403. [PMID: 30898497 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examined longitudinal associations between stressful life events and depressive symptoms, assessed during two time points of adolescence, and sexual risk behavior, assessed during young adulthood. METHODS Structural equation modeling was conducted with three waves of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. RESULTS Analyses revealed bidirectional relationships between stressful life events and depressive symptoms during the two time points of adolescence. Adolescent depressive symptoms indirectly affected young adult sexual risk behavior through adolescent stressful life events. Adolescent stressful life events during late adolescence were directly associated with young adult sexual risk behavior. DISCUSSION Findings highlight the need to screen for both depression and stressful life events during adolescence, to identify at-risk adolescents and deliver tailored interventions to prevent sexual risk behavior during young adulthood.
Collapse
|
45
|
Tesfaye Y, Negash A, Gebrehiwot TT, Tessema W, Anand S, Ahmed G, Alemu D. Is There Association between Risky Sexual Behaviors and Depression Symptoms among Youth? A Case of Jimma University Students, Ethiopia. PSYCHIATRY JOURNAL 2019; 2019:3757656. [PMID: 31355242 PMCID: PMC6632499 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3757656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risky Sexual Behaviors (RSB) and Depression symptoms expose young people to various reproductive health problems including sexually transmitted infections and HIV/AIDS. To date the link between these two major public health problems lacks empirical evidence in the context of higher education institutions in Ethiopia. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess association between risky sexual behavior and depression symptoms among Jimma University main campus students, Jimma, Ethiopia, 2016. METHODS An institution based quantitative cross sectional study was conducted. A pre-tested questionnaire and modified Beck Depression Inventory II were administered to 700 students, selected by multi-stage stratified sampling, from the main campus of Jimma University. Descriptive statistics, simple and multiple logistic regression models were used to analyze possible confounders. Presence of crude association between the dependent and independent variables was detected by bivariate logistic regression analysis. Variables with p value < 0.25 in bivariate analysis were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression to exclude the confounders. Adjusted odd ratios with 95%CI were computed to examine depression symptoms and other independent variables as predictors of RSB. RESULTS RSB were reported by 30.2% students. Out of 222 (33.6%) students with depression symptoms 105 (47.3%) reported RSB. Students with moderate depression symptoms are nearly two times more likely to experience risky sexual behavior than students with no depression symptoms (AOR 1.9, 95% CI: 1-3.1). Students with severe depression symptoms are nearly two and half times more likely to experience RSB than students with no depression symptoms counterparts (AOR 2.6, 95%CI: 1.3- 5.1). CONCLUSION RSB were high among students with depression symptoms in the main campus of Jimma University. To help students overcome the challenges, recommendation was given for concerted action from the University, governmental and NGO, and the surrounding community to establish support services and various reproductive and mental health awareness programs within the campus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonas Tesfaye
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Jimma University, Jimma, 378, Ethiopia
| | | | | | | | - Susan Anand
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Jimma University, Jimma, 378, Ethiopia
| | - Gutema Ahmed
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Jimma University, Jimma, 378, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Alemu
- Department of Psychiatry, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Mwangi C, Karanja S, Gachohi J, Wanjihia V, Ngang'a Z. Depression, injecting drug use, and risky sexual behavior syndemic among women who inject drugs in Kenya: a cross-sectional survey. Harm Reduct J 2019; 16:35. [PMID: 31146748 PMCID: PMC6543607 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-019-0307-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injecting drug use (IDU) is a key driver of the HIV epidemic particularly when individuals experience psychosocial conditions and risky sexual behavior in a syndemic manner. This study sets out to assess evidence of a syndemic pattern of psychosocial conditions (IDU, depression, intimate partner violence (IPV)) on one the hand and risky sexual behavior on the other while accounting for the socio-economic disadvantage among women who inject drugs (WWID) in low-income urban settings in Kenya. METHODS Using a cross-sectional study design, this study recruited 306 WWIDs from two sites in Nairobi between January 2017 and July 2017. Multiple methodologies including descriptive analyses of co-occurrences of psychosocial conditions at the individual level, standard logistic regression analyses to examine relationships and interactions within and between psychosocial conditions and risky sexual behavior, and classification trees algorithm for predictive modeling via machine learning were employed. RESULTS The prevalence of the psychosocial conditions was as follows: IDU, 88%; depression, 77.1%; and IPV, 84%. The prevalence of risky sexual behavior was 69.3%. IDU and depression were related to each other (P < 0.05) and each of them with risky sexual behavior (P < 0.05). The highest 2-way and 3-way co-occurrence of conditions were reported in IDU and depression (72%) and in IDU, depression, and risky sexual behavior (62%), respectively, indicating clustering of the conditions at the individual level. Further, each additional psychosocial condition (IDU and depression) was associated with sixfold odds (P = 0.000) of having risky sexual behavior suggesting a dose-response relationship. Logistic regression analyses incorporating multiplicative interactive effects returned three significant variables (P < 0.05): IDU*depression interaction effect, "Age when delivered the first child," and "Income." Classification tree modeling represented a 5-level interaction analysis with IDU and depression predicted to have the highest influence on risky sexual behavior. CONCLUSION Findings provide possible evidence of a syndemic pattern involving IDU, depression, and risky sexual behavior suggesting the need for an integrated approach to the implementation of harm reduction interventions among WWID in low-income urban settings in Kenya. This work highlights the need for further studies to authenticate the findings and to characterize pathways in the syndemic development in WWID.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Mwangi
- School of Public Health, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology, Juja, Kenya.,Partners for Health and Development in Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Simon Karanja
- School of Public Health, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology, Juja, Kenya
| | - John Gachohi
- School of Public Health, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology, Juja, Kenya. .,Washington State University - Global Health, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Violet Wanjihia
- Centre for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Amare T, Yeneabat T, Amare Y. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Epidemiology of Risky Sexual Behaviors in College and University Students in Ethiopia, 2018. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 2019:4852130. [PMID: 31015844 PMCID: PMC6446110 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4852130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Risk of sexual ill-health occurs with the onset of unsafe sexual activity, mostly among the adolescents, and continues as long as the risky activities are engaged in. Globally, and in Africa, adolescent AIDS-related mortality among adolescents has been increasing. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiology of risky sexual behaviors in college and university students in Ethiopia is mandatory. Methods We conducted extensive search of articles as indicated in the guideline of reporting systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA). Databases such as PubMed, Global Health, Africa-wides, Google advance search, Scopus, and EMBASE were accessed for literature search. The pooled estimated effect of epidemiology of risky sexual behaviors and associated factors were analyzed by using the random effects model meta-analysis and 95% CI was also considered. PROSPERO registration number is CRD42018109277. Result A total of 18 studies with 10,218 participants were encompassed in this meta-analysis. The estimated pooled prevalence of risky sexual behaviors among college and university students was 41.62%. Being male [OR: 2.35, with 95% (CI; 1.20, 4.59)], alcohol use [OR: 2.68, with 95% CI; (1.67, 4.33)] and watching pornography [OR: 4.74, with 95% CI; (3.21, 7.00)] were positively associated with risky sexual behaviors. Conclusion and recommendation Risky sexual behavior among students was high. Educational institutions should give special attention for male sex, alcohol user, and students who watch pornography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadele Amare
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tebikew Yeneabat
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Yohannes Amare
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Norris AL, Rich C, Krieger N, Guthrie KM, Kaplan C, Carey KB, Carey MP. Sexual risk behavior and substance use among young, diverse women seeking care at a reproductive health clinic. BMC Womens Health 2019; 19:15. [PMID: 30665343 PMCID: PMC6341714 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-019-0709-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To describe sexual risk behavior, alcohol (and other substance) use, and perceived health promotion needs among young adult women seeking care from an urban reproductive health care clinic in the Northeastern United States, and to examine if these needs differ by race and ethnicity. METHODS Women 18-29 years old presenting for a routine medical visit were invited to participate. Of 486 eligible women, 466 (96%) agreed to participate and completed a brief survey on a tablet computer. Most of the sample (53%) identified as non-Hispanic White. One-quarter (25%) identified as Hispanic/Latina. A smaller proportion of women identified as African American (19%). RESULTS One-third (31%) of women reported a history of sexually transmitted infection (STI), and women reported infrequent condom use with recent sexual partners. Regarding behavioral health needs, nearly three-quarters of women (72%) reported regular alcohol use, approximately one-third had used marijuana (37%) or tobacco (33%) in the last month, and 19% reported clinically significant depressive symptoms in the last two weeks. Women reported moderate-to-strong interest in receiving information about relationships and sexual health; however, the majority were not interested in information about their substance use. Hispanic and African-American women were more likely to report STI history despite reporting fewer sexual partners than non-Hispanic White women. Minority women also reported significantly less alcohol and cigarette use, but more water pipe tobacco use, and reported significantly greater interest in interventions to promote sexual health. Hispanic women also evidenced significantly elevated rates of depressive symptoms, with 26% of Hispanic women reporting a clinically significant level of depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Reproductive health centers are opportune settings to address a broad range of healthcare needs, including sexual health, substance use, and mental health. These centers engage a diverse group of women, which is important given observed disparities in health outcomes based on race/ethnicity. Young women, particularly racial and ethnic minority women, report the most interest in services addressing sexual and relationship health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa L. Norris
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Coro West, Suite 309, 164 Summit Ave, Providence, RI 02906 USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906 USA
| | - Carla Rich
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Coro West, Suite 309, 164 Summit Ave, Providence, RI 02906 USA
| | - Naomi Krieger
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Coro West, Suite 309, 164 Summit Ave, Providence, RI 02906 USA
| | - Kate M. Guthrie
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Coro West, Suite 309, 164 Summit Ave, Providence, RI 02906 USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906 USA
| | - Clair Kaplan
- Department of Clinical Research, Planned Parenthood of Southern New England, 345 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06511 USA
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale University, 135 College Street, Suite 200, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
| | - Kate B. Carey
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 S. Main Street, Providence, RI 02903 USA
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, 121 S. Main Street, Box G-S121-5, Providence, RI 02912 USA
| | - Michael P. Carey
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Coro West, Suite 309, 164 Summit Ave, Providence, RI 02906 USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906 USA
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 S. Main Street, Providence, RI 02903 USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
David OA, Cardoș RAI, Matu S. Is REThink therapeutic game effective in preventing emotional disorders in children and adolescents? Outcomes of a randomized clinical trial. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 28:111-122. [PMID: 29992353 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-018-1192-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic games represent a promising solution for addressing emotional difficulties in youths. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of the REThink game, in helping children and adolescents, to develop psychological resilience. Therefore, 165 children aged between 10 and 16 years were randomly assigned in one of the three groups: 54 participants in the REThink condition, 55 participants in the Rational Emotive Behavior Education condition, and 56 participants in the waitlist condition. Results indicated that the REThink intervention had a significant impact on emotional symptoms (a moderate-effect size, d = 0.46) and on depressive mood (a large-effect size, d = 0.84). Furthermore, REThink had a significant impact on children's ability to regulate their emotions, with a significant effect on emotional awareness (d = 0.64), and on the ability for emotional control (d = 0.69). In conclusion, the implications of the REThink game are discussed in relationship with resiliency building programs designed for youths. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03308981.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oana A David
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, The International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeş-Bolyai University, No. 37, Republicii Street, 400015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Roxana A I Cardoș
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, The International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeş-Bolyai University, No. 37, Republicii Street, 400015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Silviu Matu
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, The International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeş-Bolyai University, No. 37, Republicii Street, 400015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Tesfaye Y, Agenagnew L. Exploring the association between risky sexual behaviors and substance use among Jimma university students, Ethiopia. JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jmhhb.jmhhb_54_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|